Strength of Material 1

FORCES ON MATERIALS

Created By: Mohamad Fikree bin Alias Lecturer Politeknik Tuanku Sultanah Bahiyah

OUTLINE

What is Strength of Material Usual symbols Types of loads Types of forces Force effects Stress & types of stress Normal strain

DEFINITION
WHAT is Strength of Material?
Material ability to withstand an applied stress without failure.

Usual Symbols
SYMBOL A D D E F@P G L L U (epsilon) Area of effect Diameter Diameter Difference Young Modulus @ Elasticity Modulus Force Modulus of Rigidity Length Length Difference Strain Energy Normal strain @ Direct strain EXPLAINATION

(phi) (rho)
(sigma) (tau) (nu)

Shear strain Density

Normal stress @ Direct stress Shear stress Poisson rate

Static

An external force that is applied and held in a fixed position for a specific amount of time. e.g. a parking car A type of load that changes in the direction or degree of force during operation. e.g. walking tourist on a bridge

TYPES OF LOAD
Fatigue & Alternating

Dynamic

Shock

A force delivered by a blow (sudden) e.g. hammering

Act on certain time only e.g. water load fountain (sluggish) e.g. load on a spring (alternating)

Example
Elevator situation

Example

Example
Alternate Spring

Load

Fatigue

TYPES OF FORCE

STRESS
Force applied to the material over the Area of contact.
Force Applied

Stress

=P A
Area of Contact

Material

Unit:

TYPES OF STRESS

Yawning already eh?

#1 A 3000N of compressive load act on the bar as below. Calculate the value of stress.

0.03 m

0.08 m

3000 N

3000 N

0.3 m

Ans: 1.25 MN

Yawning already eh?

#2 A 50kN of extensive load act on the bar as below. Calculate the value of stress.

0.02 m

0.07 m

50 kN
200 mm

50 kN

Ans: 35.714 MN

Yawning already eh?

#3 A 45kN of compressive load act on the bar as below. Calculate the value of stress.

20 mm

50 mm

45 kN
200 mm

45 kN

Ans: 45 MN

Normal Strain
The increase or decrease of length occurred for a unit length of bar.
Lf - Li

Strain

L L
Li

Unit:

Lets start working the brain

#1 Calculate the strain value of the bar.

0.02 m

50 kN
200 mm

50 kN

210 mm

Ans: 0.05

Lets try it again

#2 Calculate the strain value of the bar.
2 mm 0.02 m

50 kN
200 mm

50 kN

Ans: - 0.02

Another exercise perhaps?

#3 A bar with 0.065m of length been given force resulting the bar to increase its length by 0.04mm. Calculate the strain value of the bar.

Ans: 6.15x10-4

FORCE EFFECTS

Force will result the material to: 1. Increase length 2. Decrease length 3. Elastic 4. Twisted

*use your clay to experiment with the effects. (optional)

CHALLENGE PINS
Pick your lucky one!!

QUIZ 1
# (CLO1) A steel rod with a diameter of 32mm been given a 3kN of force on its axis as figure. Calculate the stress and strain value of the rod. Given the initial length of the rod is 0.15m

3 kN

3 kN

2 mm

Ans: = 3.73 N/m2 = 0.027