Professional Documents
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- Bo v qu dng; Bo v qu dng th t khng; Bo v qu dng c hng; Bo v qu in p; Chc nng TL v chc nng Kim tra ng b. Thng s vn hnh ca ng dy nh: U, I, P, Q, f.. Cc tham s chnh nh v thi gian tc ng ca tng chc nng bo v c ci t theo phiu chnh nh trong Rle. Khai thc c khong cch t im s c n TI, TU ng dy im t Rle, ngoi ra c th khai thc c thng s dng in v in p s c. Trn thc t, bo v cho 1 i tng trong HT ngi ta thng s dng 2 b bo v Rle s ca 2 hng sn xut khc nhau v c chc nng tng t nhau. Trong 1 b c s dng lm bo v chnh, 1 b c s dng lm bo v d phng. C 2 b c vn hnh song song mc ch l nng cao yu cu m bo v chn lc ca bo v.Tuy nhin hin ti v l do kinh t m iu ny ch c p dng i vi bo v cc cp in p t 220kV tr ln. Cc thng s lm vic ca Rle s c th xem trc tip bng cc phm bm trn mt Rle, hoc t xa thng qua knh truyn thng tin. ci t cho Rle, chng ta c th s dng phm bm trn Rle hoc s dng cc phn mm chuyn dng kt ni my tnh vi Rle.
- Nguyn l lm vic ca Rle s da trn gii thut tnh ton theo chu trnh cc i lng in ( chng hn nh tng tr ca mch in c bo v ) t tr s ca dng in v in p ly mu. - Cc gi tr ci t c dng lm gi tr tham chiu, c np vo b nh EEPROM ( b nh ch c v c th xo bng in ) ca Rle, phng mt s liu chnh nh khi mt ngun in cp cho Rle. - Trong qu trnh tnh ton lin tc ny, kt hp so snh kt qu tnh ton vi cc i lng ci t, s pht hin ra ch s c sau rt nhiu cc php tnh ni tip nhau. Khi bo v s tc ng v b vi x l s gi tn hiu n cc u ra ca Rle s i ct My Ct ( c th i ct trc tip hoc thng qua cc Rle trung gian ).
- Trong Rle s vic t chc ghi chp v lu tr cc d kiu v s c rt d dng theo trnh t din bin v thi gian vi chnh xc n miligiy ( ms ). - m bo dung lng b nh ca b phn ghi s c, thng ngi ta khng ch cc ln s c cn lu trong b nh khong 10 bn ghi tu loi Rle s c s dng. Khi xut hin s c mi vt qu s ln cho php lu tr, th s liu ca s
c c nht trong qu trnh lu tr s b xo khi b nh nhng ch cho s liu ca s c mi va xy ra. - Tt c cc thng tin v thng s vn hnh, thao tc v s c u c lu li trong b nh ca Rle ngn nga trng hp ngun cp cho Rle b mt. - u ra ca Rle c cc n LED tn hiu cnh bo cho ngi vn hnh v trng thi ca Rle cng nh thao tc m Rle tin hnh. - Cc hp b Rle s thng c mt phn mm chuyn dng i km rt thun tin cho vic s dng my tnh chnh nh Rle, theo di cc hot ng ca Rle, v trao i thng tin vo/ra vi Rle, cng nh gip nhn vin vn hnh c th phn tch cc s c t cc s liu c ghi chp trong cc bn ghi s c . - Cng vo/ra ca Rle s cho php d dng ghp ni vi cc thit b thng tin, o lng , iu khin v bo v trong trm in hoc cc cp iu cao hn.
* Kim tra tip a an ton: Kim tra xem cc im ni t ca Rle ( thng cc im ny c b tr bn cnh v mt sau ca Rle ) c ni chc chn vo thanh tip a ca v t v ni vo h thng tip a chung ca trm hay cha. * Kim tra s ni dy ca Rle: Kim tra Rle c u ni chnh xc vo h thng. kim tra ta c th so snh s ni dy ni b ca Rle vi s nguyn l theo thit k xem c ph hp hay khng. * Rle c th hot ng c cn kim tra cc mch nh sau: Mch cp ngun nui cho Rle: Kim tra xem c ni vo ngun c cp in p ph hp vi in p ngun nh mc ca Rle cha. Mch dng in: kim tra h thng mch dng cp cho Rle c u ng v khp kn hay cha ( kim tra n tn im u ni ca TI ). Mch in p a vo rle. Mch i ct my ct lin quan. Mch cnh bo tn hiu bo v tc ng, bo v h hng.. Cc mch tn hiu tng t bn ngoi u vo BI ca Rle.
* Kim tra cch in: kim tra cch in cu tng b phn trong Rle so vi t theo ch dn ca nh ch to. Cc phn t cn kim tra l: mch dng, ngun nui, cc rle u ra, cc u vo Rle, cc cng giao tip ca Rle. * Kim tra ngun nui: kim tra ngun cp cho Rle c u ni ng cc tnh v c in p ph hp vi in p nh mc ca Rle. 2. Cp ngun kim tra hot ng ca Rle Bt aptomat cp ngun cho Rle. Kim tra ln lt cc hng mc sau: Kim tra n bo Rle ang hot ng: i vi cc loi Rle thng gp th n LED xanh bo Rle lm vic bnh thng. Nu n LED bo th c ngha Rle ang bo li v khng lm vic. Cc li ny ca Rle c th do mt s nguyn nhn sau: Chnh nh ci t bn trong Rle khng ph hp, c h hng phn cng bn trong Rle, c xung t gia phn cng v phn mm ca Rle, Rle b treo do b trn bn ghi s c.v.v.. Ngoi ra nu Rle ang trong qu trnh vn hnh bnh thng m xy ra bo li hay
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treo Rle khng th gii tr c bng cc phm bm Reset trn mt Rle, th ngi vn hnh c th gii tr bng cch n gin nht l tt ngun cp cho Rle trong t v bt li. Nu Rle vn treo v bo li th phi thng bo ngay cho cc bn c trch nhim x l bit v tch Rle ra khi vn hnh. Kim tra cc thng bo xut hin trn mn hnh ca Rle: sau khi qu trnh khi ng ca Rle kt thc th mn hnh s hin th cc thng s ngm nh nh: chng loi Rle, thng s o lng dng v p .v.v.. Thc hin giao tip vi Rle thng qua cc phm bm v mn hnh: duyt qua cc th mc ca Rle, kim tra cc n LED ch th ca Rle bng nt Reset hoc vo trong menu kim tra n ca Rle. V d : i vi Rle Siemens
Thc hin giao tip vi Rle bng phn mm. V d: i vi Rle Micom cc i P122, P123.v..v.. c th s dng phn mm MiCom S1 hoc MiCom S1 Studio dng cp 9 chn theo chun RS-232 kt ni vi Rle thng qua my tnh, tng t i vi Rle Siemens ta c th dng phn mm DIGSI 4 kt ni vi Rle.
3. Ci t Rle s Thng thng khi Rle c xut xng th n c cc thng s ngm nh do nh sn xut ci t sn. Tuy nhin ta phi cn c vo Phiu chnh nh do cc trung tm iu cp v cn c vo cc thit b hin ti, s thit k kim tra v ci t li cc thng s lm vic ca Rle cho ph hp. Cc thng s cn phi ci t Rle bo v lm vic bao gm: Cu hnh ca Rle: trong phn menu ca Rle lit k tt c cc chc nng bo v ca n v d nh khong cch, qu dng, t ng ng lp li.v.v.. Thng s lm vic: ta cn ch n cc thng s chnh nh t s ca bin dng TI, t s ca bin in p, cc thng s ca ng dy ( nh tr khng th t thun, gc nhy, chiu di ng dy i vi bo v khong cch ).v.v Bt ci chc nng bo v c s dng, ci t gi tr tc ng v thi gian tc ng theo ng phiu chnh nh.
- Clear/Cancer: Gii tr cc hin th v ch th n LED, xo cc cnh bo v s kin, thot khi ch ci t, n duy tr 2s phm C gii tr tt c cc tn hiu cnh bo. - Enter ( E ) : n duy tr 2s phm E nhp password chuyn sang MAIN MENU t mn hnh MIMIC, chp nhn cc thng s chnh nh. - Local ( L ) : Khi n t phm L sng tt c cc phn t c th iu khin t cc phm O v I, mi iu khin t xa thng qua h thng u b kho. - Remote ( R ) : Khi n ti v tr R sng tt c cc phn t c th iu khin t xa thng qua h thng, cc phm bm ti ch u b cm. - Disable: Khi n R/L khng sng ton b cc thao tc t xa ti ch u b kho. - Select: Phm la chn i tng cn iu khin ti ch. - Close ( I ) : Phm la chn lnh ng nu i tng ang m. - Open ( O ) : Phm la chn lnh m nu i tng ang ng. b) Hin th cc LED - n xanh: + Sng: Rle lm vic bnh thng, khng cnh bo, ngun nui Rle tt + Nhp nhy: Rle ch kim tra ( test mode ) hoc Rle cnh bo h hng km theo thng tin cnh bo trn mn hnh nu ch bnh thng cn gii tr li Rle. + Khng sng: H hng ngun nui Rle, kim tra ngun nui bn ngoi trc khi can thip vo khi ngun Rle. - n vng: + Khng sng: Khng c chc nng no khi ng. + Sng: C chc nng bo v khi ng, nu c nhiu khi ng xy ra trong khong thi gian ngn th khi ng gn nht c hin th, xem r hn cn vo xem s kin gn nht. + Nhp nhy: Chc nng bo v ca Rle b kho, hoc mt chc nng bo v b kho trong khi mt chc nng bo v khc khi ng. Cn kim tra chc nng bo v v thng s ci t.
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- n : + Khng sng: khng c tn hiu ct s c + Sng: C tn hiu ct s c, gii tr n phm ( C ) , nu c nhiu tn hiu ct s c trong 1 khong thi gian ngn th tn hiu ct s c u tin c hin th + Nhp nhy: Tn hiu h hng my ct, gii tr n phm ( C ) trong 2s. * Vn hnh rle Rle c chia lm 3 mc password theo 3 tnh cht khc nhau: Mc 1 ( MIMIC ): Cho php thay i la chn ch t xa, ti ch, c gii tr sau 1 khong thi gian ( time out ). Password: 100000 Mc 2 ( parameter ): Nhp v thay i cc thng s chnh nh. Password: 200000. Mc 3 ( HMI ): chuyn ch hin th t mn hnh MIMIC sang MAIN MENU.Password: 300000 * Cc thng s vn hnh: ti mn hnh ca Rle c th hin th trc tip cc dng thng s vn hnh dng phm tri, phi la chn cc ch hin th nh hin th s mt si ( MIMIC view ), hin th cc gi tr o lng ( Measurment view ), hin th cc s kin ( Event view ), hin th cc tn hiu cnh bo (Arlarm view) * Ci t thng s chnh nh n 2s phm ( E ) nhp pass: 300000 mn hnh s chuyn sang dng MAIN MENU. Dng cc phm ln, xung, tri, phi di chuyn con tr v la chn cc chc nng c th cn ci t hoc sa i. Khi thay i thng s c th nhp password: 200000. n phm ( E ) nh tr s ci t mi v dng phm ( C ) thot khi ch ci t mi v lu li tr s c.
2. Rle bo v khong cch P443 * Ci t Rle Rle bo v khong cch P443 c th c ci t thng qua cc phm bm trn mt Rle hay thng qua my tnh s dng phn mm MiCom S1 hoc MiCom S1 Studio Chu trnh ci t bng phm bm trn mt Rle:
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Setting and Records: Ci t tham s bo v cho Rle PSL Editor: Ci t cc u vo s BI v cc u ra BO ca Rle Monitoring: Chc nng o lng di ti Menu Test Editor
y ngha ca cc tham s nh sau: - System data: Ci t ngn ng, tn s s dng - CB control: Ci t tham s cho my ct - Canfiguaration: La chn cc chc nng bo v qu dng , khong cch, la chn cc nhm bo v. - CT and VT Ratio: t t s bin dng in v in p. - Record Control and Disturb Recorder: Chc nng ghi cho s c.
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- Measuret setup: Ci t chc nng o lng. - Opto Config: Cu hnh in p t vo BI (u vo) ca Rle. - Group 1: t tham s cho nhm bo v 1, trong menu ny th ch nhng chc nng c chn trong phn Configuaration mi c hin th v cho php nh ngha. - Group 2: t tham s cho nhm bo v 2 - Group 3: t tham s cho nhm bo v 3 - Group 4: t tham s cho nhm bo v 4 Sau khi ci t xong tham s bo v cho Rle th ta tin hnh cu hnh u vo BI v u ra BO ca Rle. tin hnh cu hnh BI, BO ca Rle ta la chn chc nng PSL_Editor trong menu chnh
y khi Rle xut xng th mt s u vo v u ra ca Rle c gn sn cc chc nng, cn phi da trn c s cc bn v thay i li cc u ra/vo cho ng vi yu cu s dng. Ta c th nh ngha li cc chc nng cho cc u vo BI ca Rle:
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* Mt s h hng thng gp: - Mt ngun nui Rle: n Healthy s tt, khi s c tn hiu bo ngun nui Rle b mt. Tin hnh kim tra Aptomat cp ngun cho Rle v cc hng kp cp ngun cho Rle - Rle khng lm vic: n out of service sng, khi Rle b treo. Cn b vn hnh c th khi ng li Rle bng cch bt tt ngun cp cho Rle. Nu Rle vn khng lm vic th phi bo ngay cho cc bn c trch nhim x l v tch Rle ra khi vn hnh. - Rle cnh bo: n Alarm sng bo Rle ang cnh bo. Tin hnh kim tra xem Rle cnh bo tn hiu j, bng cch xem tt c cc LED bn cnh v vo Rle kim tra bng bn phm trn mt Rle. - Rle b kho ( block ): Mt mn hnh s bo block service. Khi khi ng li m khng c, y l trng hp rle b hng bn trong ni b ca Rle phi tch ra sa cha hoc thay th bng Rle khc. 3. Rle bo v qu dng 7SJ62 Rle 7SJ62 do hng SIEMENS ch to kt cu chc chn trong 1 khi gn, nh thun tin trong vic lp t cng nh thao tc trong vn hnh. Rle bo v qu dng 7SJ62 l loi Rle k thut s c tch hp nhiu chc nng bn trong Rle nh: bo v qu dng, bo v in p, bo v tn s, bo v qu ti, t ng ng lp li.v.v.. * Hnh dng bn ngoi ca Rle 7SJ62 v s u ni chn nh hnh di y: Mt trc ca Rle bao gm cc n it quang ( LED ) v mn hnh tinh th lng LCD. Chng thng bo cho ngi vn hnh bit nhng thng tin nh cc i lng o lng, cc s c xy ra, cc trng thi lm vic ca Rle 7SJ62. Tt c cc thng tin trong Rle 7SJ62 u c th truy cp c thng qua cc nt bm ca Rle. Cc thng s bao gm: cc thng s ci t cho bo v v iu khin, cc bn ghi s c, thng s vn hnh v cc ga tr o lng. Cc gi tr ci t c th thay i c theo yu cu ca vn hnh.
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Hnh 1. S u dy
* V nguyn l lm vic Rle bo v qu dng 7SJ62 cng tng t nh cc Rle k thut s khc m c trnh by cc phn trc. y ti s trnh by cch thc ci t cc thng s c th ca Rle 7SJ62. V d : Ta cn ci t Rle bo v qu dng pha 10kV, Rle c dng nh mc l 5A, t s TI l 300/5A vi cc thng s ci t nh sau: I> tI> I>> = 600A; = 1,5s; = 1500A;
tI>> = 0,5s; - u tin ta cn tnh ton tham s bo v t trong Rle. T s TI l 300/5A, ta c I> = 600A y l gi tr dng in nht th nn ta c c gi tr dng in nh th t trong Rle l : I> = 600A/(300/5)= 10A.
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T ta c c gi tr cn ci t trong Rle l: I> = 2In ( vi In l dng nh mc ca Rle ). Tng t ta tnh c: I>> = 5In. Ta thc hin vic ci t cc thng s ca bo v bng tay nh sau: Trc tin khai bo t s ca TI l: 300/5A. Bm phm MENU, dng phm la chn SETTINGS, sau bm phm sau:
MAIN MENU 04/05 Annunciatio 1 Measurement 2 Control 3 Settings 4 Test/Diagnose 5 SETTINGS 03/11 Device Config 01 Masking (I/O) 02 P.System Datal 03 Group A 4
hoc
xc nhn gi tr t Rle s yu cu xc nhn mt khu c mc nh l: 000000. Gi tr t hin ti s xut hin trong hp thoi vi con tr nhp nhy. Tip theo ta khai bo gi tr t ca bo v: bo v qu dng cp 2 I> = 2In; tI = 1,5s.
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sau n phm
vo
Trong mn hnh SETTINGS la chn Group A, thay i gi tr ci t ca bo v ta truy cp ti chc nng ca bo v. La chn ri s dng cc phm = 5In; tI>> = 0,5s. Ngoi ra ci t c cc u vo/ra ca Rle 7SJ62, i vi cc loi Rle Version 4.x tr ln ta cn phi ci t thng qua my tnh. Vic ci t cc u vo/ra ca Rle c thc hin trong mc Settings/Masking I/O. i vi Rle 7SJ62 trong Masking I/O c lit k tt c cc s kin c th gn cho u vo/ra ca Rle. Ti Matrix ca phn mm ta ch vic nh du ti u vo/ra cn ci t theo cc s kin c sn ca Rle ph hp vi s thit k nguyn l. hoc thay i tr s tnh ton theo trn. Lm tng t vi bo v qu dng cp 1 I>>
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Hnh 3. Bng matrix I/O * Cc bc tin hnh th nghim Rle 7SJ62 a) Bc 1 :Kim tra bng mt bn ngoi Dng mt kim tra xem Rle c b h hng, mo, dp trong qu trnh vn chuyn , lp t hay khng. Kim tra cc thng s nh mc ghi trn nhn Rle xem c ph hp vi h thng khng, xc nh chnh xc cc thng s sau: + in p nh mc ngun nui : 110 250 VDC/VAC + Dng in nh mc th cp: c th l 1A hoc 5A + in p th cp nh mc. + in p lm vic ca cc u vo tng t ca Rle. + Tn s lm vic: thng thng l 50Hz. - Kim tra tip a an ton: Kim tra xem cc im ni t ca Rle ( thng cc im ny c b tr bn cnh v mt sau ca Rle ) c ni chc chn vo thanh tip a ca v t v ni vo h thng tip a chung ca trm hay cha.
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- Kim tra s ni dy ca Rle: Kim tra Rle c u ni chnh xc vo h thng. kim tra ta c th so snh s ni dy ni b ca Rle vi s nguyn l theo thit k xem c ph hp hay khng. - Kim tra cch in: kim tra cch in cu tng b phn trong Rle so vi t theo ch dn ca nh ch to. Cc phn t cn kim tra l: mch dng, ngun nui, cc rle u ra, cc u vo Rle, cc cng giao tip ca Rle. - Kim tra ngun nui: kim tra ngun cp cho Rle c u ni ng cc tnh v c in p ph hp vi in p nh mc ca Rle. b) Bc 2: Cp ngun cho Rle - Kim tra trng thi vn hnh ca Rle thng qua cc n LED tn hiu v mn hnh LCD. Chng phi lm vic bnh thng c th n LED xanh sng, n LED tt v cc n bo cc chc nng khc khng sng. Mn hnh trng thi hin th cc cc thng s o lng. c) Bc 3: u ni t hp b n Rle. Trong qu trnh u ni trc tin phi kim tra cc mch nguyn l lin quan n Rle nh cc mch u vo u vo ( Input ) v u ra ( Output ) Rle. Kim tra mch dng, mch p cp cho Rle, vic kim tra ny c th lm c thng qua vic o in tr 1 chiu bng ng h vn nng. Cui cng ta phi t cc chc nng bo v cn kim tra cho 1 u ra khng s dng ca Rle lm tip im dng hp b. Cc bc tin hnh th nghim rle: Xc nh ngng tc ng: ta t thi gian tc ng = 0, pht dng in tng t t n tr s dng tc ng t. Ghi li tr s It ca Rle. Xc nh thi gian tc ng: t li thi gian tc ng v nh ban u ta pht dng = ( 1,3 n 1,5 ) ln It, n khi hp b dng th ghi li thi gian Rle tc ng. Ghi li tr s tc ng It v thi gian tc ng ca mi loi bo v vo bin bn. Sau mi ln Rle tc ng kim tra cc bn ghi s c , s kin bn trong Rle
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