K THUT VI X L Microprocessor

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Cc thng tin cn thit

namhhai@gmail.com Phone: 0916634567 Ti liu tham kho chnh
1. Bi ging K thut Vi x l, Phm Hong Duy, Hong Xun Du 2. Ky thut vi x ly, Vn Th Minh 3. The Intel Microprocessors, Barry B. Brey

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Slides: http://www.gapiz.com/lms Cng c 1.

Emu8086 (Evaluation version)

Gii thiu v mn hc

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Bi I: Gii thiu
Mc tiu:
Hiu cc thnh phn ca mt h thng my tnh Gii thch s khc nhau gia cc m hnh my tnh Hiu cc c tnh ca CPU Hiu lch s pht trin ca cc b vi x l

HC VIN CNG NGH BCVT

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Ni dung
Cc h vi x l Cc b vi x l Lch s pht trin

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Tn chng

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H vi x l Khi nim
H thng my tnh: Ba phn chnh: B x l trung tm - Central Processing Unit (CPU) B nh Cc thit b vo ra

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Cc khi c bn ca mt h VXL

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Kin trc Von Neumann (1)

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Kin trc Von Neumann nguyn bn

Kin trc Von Neumann hin i

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Kin trc Von Neumann (2)

xut bi John Von Neumann nm 1945 Cc c im chnh
Ch c mt b nh: D liu v cc lnh nh a ch b nh c lp vi loi d liu Cc lnh c thi hnh tun t

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Kin trc Harvard (1)

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c im chnh: Cc b nh ring r cho d liu v lnh Cc bus khc nhau cho cc b nh

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Kin trc Harvard (2)

So vi kin trc Von Neumann: Nhanh hn kin trc Von Neumann Phc tp hn kin trc Von Neumann Thch hp cho c ch ng ng (pipelining) v x l song song

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Kin trc my tnh hin i

Chipset rt quan trng

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N cung cp mt lp tru

tng Cu ni gia cc tiu chun bus

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H thng bus
Mt bus gm mt s cc dy dn c s dng cung cp

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phng tin lin lc gia cc phn t khc nhau trong mt h vi x l

Bus a ch Bus d liu Bus iu khin

Cc tn hiu ng h h thng c cha trong cc bus iu

khin. Cc tn hiu ny to ra cc chu k ng h thch hp trong vic thc thi cc lnh c tin hnh bi b vi x l.

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B nh
B nh l phng tin lu tr cho cc nhm cc bit c gi l

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cc t nh (words) B nh c chia thnh cc khu vc, mi khu vc c xc nh bng mt a ch duy nht RAM: Random Access Memory ROM: Read Only Memory (Ch : RAM i khi c gi l b phn lu tr ch (primary))

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B x l trung tm- CPU (1)

Intel 8086 (1978)

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Intel Core 2 Duo (2006)

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B x l trung tm- CPU (2)

Mt chng trnh l mt tp cc lnh c sp xp theo mt

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trnh t nht nh Mt chng trnh c lu tr trong b nh cung cp cc lnh cho CPU thc hin cc hnh ng c th CPU c cc lnh t b nh v thi hnh chng Cc chu k lnh:
c lnh Gii m lnh Thi hnh lnh Lu kt qu (nu c)

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CPU- S khi bn trong

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CPU - Cc c tnh (1)

di t d liu:
Cc th h vi x l: 4, 8, 16, 32 v 64 bits

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Kh nng a ch ha:
Quyt nh dung lng b nh c th a ch ha bi mt CPU V d: Mt CPU vi mt bus a ch c rng 8 bit c th qun l

mt b nh c dung lng l 28 = 256 t nh

Tc thi hnh lnh n v: MFLOPS, MIPS

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CPU Cc c tnh (2)

MIPS = (f x N) / (M + T) (Von-Neuman) : f Tn s CPU (clock) N S lng cc ALU c lp trong mt CPU M - S lng trung bnh cc vi lnh cho mt lnh T - H s thi gian truy cp b nh

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CPU Cc c tnh (3)

X l song song
S dng nhiu hn mt CPU Thch hp cho cc my ch

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ng x l
S dng cc b ng x l cho cc hot ng c bit (php ton

du phy ng) Cc b ng x l c ni vi CPU qua bus h thng Trong CPU hin i, module cho cc php ton du phy ng l mt phn ca CPU
Cache

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CPU Cc c tnh (4)

C ch ng ng (Pipelining): Thi hnh ng thi cc lnh
Mt lnh c chia thnh cc giai on Cc lnh c th c thi hnh ng thi ti cc giai on bi cc

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phn khc nhau ca CPU Hyper-pipelining: S dng nhiu ng ng

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Lch s pht trin (1)

1970, First MP, Intel (4004):
di t d liu: 4 bit Bus d liu 4 bit, bus a ch 12 bit

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(dng chung vi bus d liu) 740 KHz (max clock rate), 16 pins, 2250 transistors

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Lch s pht trin (2)

1972, VXL 8088 , Intel :
di t d liu: 8 bit Bus d liu 8 bit, bus a ch 14 bit

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(dng chung vi bus d liu) 0.5 MHz (max clock rate), 18 pins, 3300 transistors

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Lch s pht trin (3)

1976, VXL Z80 , Zilog :
di t d liu: 8 bit Bus d liu 8 bit, bus a ch 16 bit

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(dng chung vi bus d liu) 10 MHz (max clock rate), 40 pins

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Lch s pht trin (4)

1978, VXL 8086 , Intel:
di t d liu: 16 bit Bus d liu 16 bit, bus a ch 20 bit

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(dng chung vi bus d liu) 5-10 MHz (max clock rate), 40 pins

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Lch s pht trin (5)

1982, VXL MC68020, Motorola:
di t d liu: 32 bit Bus d liu 32 bit, bus a ch 32 bit 16.67-33.33 MHz (max clock rate)

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Lch s pht trin (6)

1982, VXL 80286, Intel:
di t d liu: 16 bit Bus d liu 16 bit, bus a ch 24 bit

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(dng chung vi bus d liu 6-25 MHz (max clock rate)

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Lch s pht trin (7)

1985, VXL 80386, Intel:
di t d liu: 32 bit Bus d liu 32 bit, bus a ch 32 bit

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(dng chung vi bus d liu 16-33 MHz (max clock rate)

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Lch s pht trin (8)

1989, VXL 80486, Intel:
di t d liu: 32 bit Bus d liu 32 bit, bus a ch 32 bit

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(dng chung vi bus d liu 25-100 MHz (max clock rate) Cache L1 8K Tch hp b ng x l du phy ng (80487)

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Lch s pht trin (9)

1993, VXL Pentium, Intel:
di t d liu: 32 bit Bus d liu 32 bit, bus a ch 32 bit

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(dng chung vi bus d liu 60, 75, 90, 120 MHz (clock rate) Cache I-L1 8K, D-L1 8K MMX

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Lch s pht trin (10)

1997, VXL Pentium II,

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Intel:
di t d liu: 32 bit Bus d liu 32 bit, bus

a ch 32 bit (dng chung vi bus d liu 233 450 MHz (clock rate) Cache I-L1 8K, D-L1 16K-32K MMX

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Lch s pht trin (11)

1999, VXL Pentium III,

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Intel:
di t d liu: 32 bit Bus d liu 32 bit, bus a ch

32 bit (dng chung vi bus d liu 450 MHz 1.4 GHz (clock rate) Cache
L1: 16K+16K (I+L) L2: 256-512 K

Gii thiu SSE (Streaming

SIMD Extensions)
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Lch s pht trin (12)

2000, VXL Pentium IV, Intel:
1.5 GHz 3.8 GHz (clock rate) Cc tp lnh nng cao: SSE, SSE1, SSE2

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L1: 16K+16K (I+L) L2: 256-512 K

Cc phin bn mi nht h tr siu a tuyn v o ha

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Lch s pht trin (13)

2003, VXL Pentium M,

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Intel:
130-90nm technology Tn s: 900MHz-2.26GHz Dnh cho laptops Cache L1 32K, L2 up to 2MB Cc tp lnh: MMX, SSE,

SSE2 Intel Speedstep : Cng ngh qun l ngun cao cp

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Lch s pht trin (14)

2006, Core & Core2 l cc b

VXL da trn vi kin trc:

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Cng ngh 65 nm Cache : Ln v thng minh Instruction Sets: MMX,

SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4 Cc cng ngh tit kim ngun nui: Dynamic Power Coordination Enhanced Intel Deeper Sleep

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Lch s pht trin (15)

2008, VXL Atom ,Intel:
Cng ngh 45 nm

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Vi kin trc c ti u cho

cc thit b c nh v tiu th ngun t

Enhanced SpeedStep Technology Deep Power Down Technology with Dynamic Cache Sizing

Cng ngh o ha ca Intel

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Lch s pht trin (15)

2008, Intel Core i7-based

processor by Intel:

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Cng ngh 45 nm Kin trc 64 bit 4 li, h tr h Cache L2 8MB, thng minh Tn s: 1.6 GHz 4.7 GHz

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Tng kt
Cc h vi x l Cc b vi x l Lch s pht trin

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