Professional Documents
Culture Documents
com
CHUYN 1 :
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
A ng SGK 11 nng cao 102 B ng SGK 11 nng cao 123 C sai SGK 11 nng cao 123
D ng SGK 11 nng cao 124
VD: C sai : M = 60 ; C3H7OH ; CH3COOH Khc nhau v cng thc phn t
=> C
Cu 9: Kt lun no sau y l ng ?
A. Cc nguyn t trong phn t hp cht hu c lin kt vi nhau khng theo mt th t nht nh.
B. Cc cht c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm -CH2-, do tnh cht ha hc khc nhau
l nhng cht ng ng.
C. Cc cht c cng cng thc phn t nhng khc nhau v cng thc cu to c gi l cc cht ng ng
ca nhau.
D. Cc cht khc nhau c cng cng thc phn t c gi l cc cht ng phn ca nhau.
A sai v khng theo mt hng nht nh Khng phi th t
B sai Tnh cht ha hc ging nhau Khng phi khc nhau
C sai l ng phn
D ng ngc ca C SGK 11 nng cao 123 => D
Cu 10: Hin tng cc cht c cu to v tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau, chng ch hn km nhau mt hay nhiu
nhm metylen (-CH2-) c gi l hin tng
A. ng phn.
B. ng v.
C. ng ng.
D. ng khi.
SGK 11 nng cao 123
Cu 11: Hp cht cha mt lin kt trong phn t thuc loi hp cht
A. khng no.
B. mch h.
C. thm.
D. no hoc khng no.
SGK 11 nng cao 155 ; Hp cht khng no l trong lin kt C vi C c cha lin kt i hoc lin kt 3 hay cha lin
kt pi SGK 11 nng cao 124 => A
Cu 12: Hp cht hu c c phn loi nh sau:
A. Hirocacbon v hp cht hu c c nhm chc.
B. Hirocacbon v dn xut ca hirocacbon.
C. Hirocacbon no, khng no, thm v dn xut ca hirocacbon.
D. Tt c u ng.
SGK 11 nng cao 106 => D
Cu 13: Pht biu khng chnh xc l:
A. Tnh cht ca cc cht ph thuc vo thnh phn phn t v cu to ha hc.
B. Cc cht c cng khi lng phn t l ng phn ca nhau.
C. Cc cht l ng phn ca nhau th c cng cng thc phn t.
D. S xen ph trc to thnh lin kt , s xen ph bn to thnh lin kt .
Ging cu 9 => B sai
A ng da vo thnh phn phn t Cha cht no : C, H , Cl , N , O Cu to ha hc ng phn
C ng SGK 11 nng cao 123
D ng SGK 11 nng cao 124 => B
Cu 14: Nung mt hp cht hu c X vi lng d cht oxi ha CuO ngi ta thy thot ra kh CO2, hi H2O v kh
N2. Chn kt lun chnh xc nht trong cc kt lun sau :
A. X chc chn cha C, H, N v c th c hoc khng c oxi.
B. X l hp cht ca 3 nguyn t C, H, N.
C. Cht X chc chn c cha C, H, c th c N.
D. X l hp cht ca 4 nguyn t C, H, N, O.
SGK 11 nng cao 112 ; X chc chn c C, H , N v to ra CO2, H2O , N2 Bo ton nguyn t trc v sau p =>
cn li c th hoc khng c oxi Xt thng oxi ny theo nh lng cc nguyn t khc => A
Cu 15: Cho hn hp cc ankan sau : pentan (si 36oC), heptan (si 98oC), octan (si 126oC), nonan (si
151oC). C th tch ring cc cht bng cch no sau y ?
A. Kt tinh.
B. Chng ct
C. Thng hoa.
D. Chit.
SGK 11 nng cao - 103 . tch cc cht lng c nhit khc nhau nhiu ngi ta thng dng chng ct thng.
=> B
Cu 16: Cc cht trong nhm cht no di y u l dn xut ca hirocacbon ?
A. CH2Cl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, NaCl, CH3Br, CH3CH2Br.
B. CH2Cl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, CH3Br, CH2=CHCOOH, CH3CH2OH.
C. CH2Br-CH2Br, CH2=CHBr, CH3Br, CH3CH3.
D. HgCl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, CH2=CHBr, CH3CH2Br.
SGK 11 nng cao 106 => B ng
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
A. (I), (II).
B. (I), (III).
ng phn lp th SGK 11 nng cao 127
iu kin c ng phn hnh hc l R1 # R2 v R3 # R4
C. (II), (III).
R3
C=C
R2
R4
I sai v R3 ging R4 CH3=> Loi A , B , D V u cha I => C ng Hoc nhn thy ng k
C
Cu 21: Cho cc cht sau : CH2=CH-CCH (1) ; CH2=CHCl (2) ; CH3CH=C(CH3)2 (3) ;
CH3CH=CH-CH=CH2 (4) ; CH2=CHCH=CH2 (5) ; CH3CH=CHBr (6). Cht nao sau y co ng phn hinh hoc?
A. 2, 4, 5, 6.
B. 4, 6.
C. 2, 4, 6.
D. 1, 3, 4.
CH2=CH-CCH (1) ; CH2=CHCl (2) khng c ng phn hnh hc v R1 ging R2 H
Loi A , C , D v cha 1 v 2 => B
4 ng v nu xt ni i u tin => R1# R2 CH3 # H ; R3 # R4 CH=CH2 # H
Ni i th 2 khng c ng phn hnh hc v R3 ging R4 H
5 sai v xt ni i 1 th R1 ging R2 H , ni i 2 th R3 ging R4 H
6 ng R1 # R2 CH3 # H ; R3 # R4 H # Br
Cu 22: Hp cht hu c no sau y khng c ng phn cis-trans ?
A. 1,2-icloeten.
B. 2-metyl pent-2-en. C. but-2-en.
D. pent-2-en.
A . 1,2 icloeten ClCH=CHCl R1 #R2 v R3#R4 Cl # H => c ng phn hnh hc
B . 2 metyl pent 2 en CH3 - (CH3)C = CH-CH2 R1 ging R2 CH3 => khng c ng phn hh
=> B
C. But 2 en CH3 CH = CH CH3 => c thy R1 # R2 , R3 # R4 CH3 # H
D . pent 2 en CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH3 => c ng phn hh R1 # R2 CH3 # H R3 # R4 H # CH2
CH3
Cu 23: Hp cht (CH3)2C=CHC(CH3)2CH=CHBr c danh php IUPAC l
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
A. 1-brom-3,5-trimetylhexa-1,4-ien.
B. 3,3,5-trimetylhexa-1,4-ien-1-brom.
C. 2,4,4-trimetylhexa-2,5-ien-6-brom.
D. 1-brom-3,3,5-trimetylhexa-1,4-ien.
SGK 11 nng cao 108. nh s th t gn nhm halogen Br
2 lin kt i => ankandien SGK 11 nng cao 166 => ui ien
s ch v tr tn nhnh tn mch chnh s ch v tr ien
6
5
4
3
2
1
(CH3)2C=CHC(CH3)2CH=CHBr => CH3 (CH3)C = CH (CH3)C(CH3) CH = CH Br
6 s => 6 C => Hexa SGK 11 nc 109 => D : 1 brom 3,3,5 trimetylhexa 1,4 ien.
Nh cu thn tr : M - Em Phi Bn Phn Ha Hp - - Ngoi ng
Met et prop but pen hex hept oct non ec oct non ec ng vi thng 10-11-12 Ting Anh
Cu 24: Hp cht (CH3)2C=CH-C(CH3)3 c danh php IUPAC l:
A. 2,2,4- trimetylpent-3-en.
B. 2,4-trimetylpent-2-en.
C. 2,4,4-trimetylpent-2-en.
D. 2,4-trimetylpent-3-en.
(CH3)2C=CH-C(CH3)3 l anken v ch c 1 lin kt i . nh s th t t C gn lin kt i nht.
Quy tc c tn SGK 11 nng cao 156
s ch v tr tn nhnh tn mch chnh s ch v tr - en
1
2
3
4 5
(CH3)2C=CH-C(CH3)3 => CH3 C(CH3) = CH (CH3)C(CH3)-CH3
=> C : 2,4,4 trimetylpent 2 - en
Cu 25: Hp cht CH2=CHC(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH3 c danh php IUPAC l:
A. 1,3,3-trimetylpent-4-en-1-ol.
B. 3,3,5-trimetylpent-1-en-5-ol.
C. 4,4-imetylhex-5-en-2-ol.
D. 3,3-imetylhex-1-en-5-ol.
CH2=CHC(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH3 cha OH => nh s th t C gn OH nht
Ch quy tc nh s th t COOH > OH > Lin kt 3 > Lin kt 2 > Lin kt 1
SGK 11 nng cao 221 => Danh php : tn hidrocacbon mch chnh - s v tr - ol
Hay s ch v tr tn nhnh tn mch chnh s v tr ol
6
5
4
3
2
1
CH2=CHC(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH3 => CH2 = CH (CH3) C(CH3) CH2 CH(OH) CH3
C : 4,4 imetylhex 5 en 2 ol
Cu 26: Cho cng thc cu to sau : CH3CH(OH)CH=C(Cl)CHO. S oxi ha ca cc nguyn t cacbon tnh t phi
sang tri c gi tr ln lt l:
A. +1 ; +1 ; -1 ; 0 ; -3.
B. +1 ; -1 ; -1 ; 0 ; -3.
C. +1 ; +1 ; 0 ; -1 ; +3.
D. +1 ; -1 ; 0 ; -1 ; +3.
Cch xc nh s oxi ha C trong cht hu c.
(Cc s oxi ha ca cc cht O , H , N , halogen th vn vy)
+ Trong hp cht hu c th tch ring tng nhm Cn ra tnh
VD : CH3 CH2 CH(CH3) CH3 => CH3 | CH2 | CH | CH3 | CH3 => -3|-2|-1|-3|-3
+ Nu nhm chc khng cha C (halogen , -OH , -O-,NH2) thnh tnh s Oxihoa C gn c nhm chc.
VD: CH3 CH(Br)-CH3 => CH3 | CHBr | CH3 => -3 | 0 | -3
CH3 CH2 CH2OH => CH3 | CH2 | CH2OH => -3 | -2 | -1
CH3 O CH2 CH3 => CH3 O| O CH2 | CH3 => -2 | -1 | -3
+ Nu nhm chc c C th tnh ring.
VD : CH3 CHO => CH3 | CHO => -3 | +1
CH3 COOH => CH3 | COOH => -3 | +3
CH3CH(OH)CH=C(Cl)CHO => CH3 | CHOH | CH | CCl | CHO => -3 | 0 | -1 | +1 | +1
=> t phi qua tri +1 | +1 | -1 | 0 | -3 => A
Cu 27: Trong cng thc CxHyOzNt tng s lin kt v vng l:
A. (2x-y + t+2)/2. B. (2x-y + t+2).
C. (2x-y - t+2)/2.
D. (2x-y + z + t+2)/2.
Tng qut
CT CxHyOzNtXuNav X l halogen Tng s lk pi + vng = (2x-y+t+2 u v )/2 => A
Gi l bt hot k
Cu 28: a. Vitamin A cng thc phn t C20H30O, co cha 1 vong 6 canh va khng co cha lin kt ba. S lin kt i
trong phn t vitamin A la
A. 7.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 4.
AD bi 27 => Tng s lin kt + vng = (2.20 30 +2)/2 = 6 => s lin kt = Tng s - s vng = 5 V c 1
vng => C
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
b. Licopen, cng thc phn t C40H56 la cht mau o trong qua ca chua, chi cha lin kt i va lin kt n trong phn
t. Hiro hoa hoan toan licopen c hirocacbon C40H82. Vy licopen co
A. 1 vong; 12 ni i.
B. 1 vong; 5 ni i.
C. 4 vong; 5 ni i.
D. mach h; 13 ni i.
Hidro ha to thnh C40H82 => C40H56 khng c lin kt vng V khng th ph vng
AD bi 27 => s = (2.40 56 + 2)/2 = 13 => 13 ni i. => D
Cu 29: Metol C10H20O va menton C10H18O chung u co trong tinh du bac ha. Bit phn t metol khng co ni i,
con phn t menton co 1 ni i. Vy kt lun nao sau y la ung ?
A. Metol va menton u co cu tao vong.
B. Metol co cu tao vong, menton co cu tao mach h.
C. Metol va menton u co cu tao mach h.
D. Metol co cu tao mach h, menton co cu tao vong.
AD bi 27 => Metol C10H20O c tng s + vng = (2.10 20 +2)/2 = 1 => 1 vng V metol ko c ni i
Menton C10H18O c tng s + vng = (2.10 18 + 2) = 2 => 1 vng V menton c 1 ni i
=> C 2 u c vng => A
Cu 30: Trong hp cht CxHyOz th y lun lun chn v y 2x+2 l do:
A. a 0 (a l tng s lin kt v vng trong phn t).
B. z 0 (mi nguyn t oxi to c 2 lin kt).
C. mi nguyn t cacbon ch to c 4 lin kt.
D. cacbon v oxi u c ha tr l nhng s chn.
Tha mn cng thc kia => Ha tr C = 4 ; Ha tr O = 2 => u l s chn
Cu 31: Tng s lin kt v vng ng vi cng thc C5H9O2Cl l:
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
AD bi 27 => Tng s + vng = (5.2 9 + 2 -1) / 2 = 1 => B
Cu 32: Tng s lin kt v vng ng vi cng thc C5H12O2 l:
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
AD bi 27 => Tng s + vng = (5.2 12 +2)/2 = 0 => A
Cu 33: Cng thc tng qut ca dn xut iclo mch h c cha mt lin kt ba trong phn t l
A. CnH2n-2Cl2.
B. CnH2n-4Cl2.
C. CnH2nCl2.
D. CnH2n-6Cl2.
Cng thc c dng CnHyCl2 V iclo hay 2 Cl
Cha 1 lin kt 3 => 2 khng vng
=> AD bi 27 => Tng s + vng = 2 = (2n y +2 -2) /2 => y = 2n 4 => CnH2n-4Cl2 => B
Cu 34: Cng thc tng qut ca dn xut ibrom khng no mch h cha a lin kt l
A. CnH2n+2-2aBr2.
B. CnH2n-2aBr2.
C. CnH2n-2-2aBr2. D. CnH2n+2+2aBr2.
Tng t 33 => a = (2n y +2 -2) / 2 => y = 2n 2a => CnH2n-2aBr2 => B
Cu 35: Hp cht hu c c cng thc tng qut CnH2n+2O2 thuc loi
A. ancol hoc ete no, mch h, hai chc.
B. anehit hoc xeton no, mch h, hai chc.
C. axit hoc este no, n chc, mch h.
D. hiroxicacbonyl no, mch h.
CnH2n+2O2 => AD bi 27 : => Tng s + vng = (2n 2n 2 + 2) / 2 = 0
Khng th l axit COOH , este COO , andehit CHO , xetonCO , hidroxicacbonylOH R COOH v
u c 1 lin kt Xem SGK bit thm lin kt pi trong cc gc
A Ancol v ete khng cha lin kt 2 chc v c 2Oxi
Cu 36: Ancol no mch h c cng thc tng qut chnh xc nht l
A. R(OH)m.
B. CnH2n+2Om.
C. CnH2n+1OH. D. CnH2n+2-m(OH)m.
Tng qut cch xc nh cng thc tng qut ca mi cht.
Cch 1:CnH2n +2 - 2a m (Chc)m
Cch 2: CnH2n+ 2 2aXb X thng l Oxi ; b l s X trong cht
Cch 1 : a khng tnh s pi trong chc , Cch 2: a tnh c s pi trong chc
Ty vo tng bi s s dng Cch 1 hoc cch 2
VD : Tm CTTQ : Axit 2 chc c 1 lin kt pi trong hidrocacbon
Cch 1: a = 1 1 lk pi m =2 v c 2 chc COOH => CnH2n+2 2 2(COOH)2
Hay Cn+2H2nO4 Cn+2H2(n+2) -4O4 hay CmH2m-4O4 CTTQ c dng CnHyOz
Cch 2: a = 3 2 pi trong gc COOH V 2 chc + 1 pi tng hidrocabon
=> CnH2n+2 2.3O4 hay CnH2n-4O4 O4 v 2 chc (COOH)2 => c 4 Oxi
Trong a l s lin kt + vng c tnh nh sau a = (2.s C + 2 s H)/2
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
CnH2n-2O => B
Cch 2: ancol n chc => 1 gc OH => 1 Oxi ; 2 ni i => a = 2 2pi
=> CnH2n + 2 2.2O hay CnH2n 2O => B
Cu 40: Anehit mch h CnH2n 4O2 c s lng lin kt trong gc hirocacbon l:
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
AD 27: CnH2n 4O2 l andehit 2 chc V c 2Oxi Chc CHO => c 2 lin kt trong chc
Tng s = (2n (2n-4) +2)/2 = 3 => s lin kt trong gc hidrocacbon = 3 2 = 1 => B
Cu 41: Cng thc phn t tng qut ca axit hai chc mch h cha mt lin kt i trong gc hirocacbon l:
A. CnH2n-4O4.
B. CnH2n-2O4.
C. CnH2n-6O4.
D. CnH2nO4.
AD 36 : Cch 2: => a = 3 2 pi trong gc COOH 2 chc + 1 pi trong hidrocacbon
4Oxi V 2 chc COOH => CnH2n+2 2.3O4 hay CnH2n 4O4 => A
Cu 42: Axit mch h CnH2n 4O2 c s lng lin kt trong gc hirocacbon l:
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
AD 27: s pi = (2n (2n-4)+2)/2 = 3 => s lin kt pi trong hidrocabon = 3 1 = 2 V c 1 lin kt pi trong gc
COOH => C
Cu 43: Tng s lin kt v vng trong phn t axit benzoic l:
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Axit benzoic C6H5COOH SGK 11 nng cao 249 Hay C7H6O2
=> s lk pi + vng = (2.7 6 +2)/2 = 5 => C
Cu 44: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C6H14
A. 6.
B. 7.
C. 4.
D. 5.
http://www.mediafire.com/?wbbd73zi6ci8fjf
Mi ngi down load file K thut xc nh ng phn - cng thc tnh nhanh s ng phn rt hay
C6H14 c 5 ng phn SGK 11 nng cao 139 Nn hc thuc bng
Cc bc vit ng phn. Dng c CT CnH2n+2 2k
Bc 1: Tnh s lin kt pi + vng Cng thc bi 27
CxHyOzNtXuNav k =(2x-y+t+2 u v )/2 X l halogen
i vi hp cht c CT tng qut : CnH2n+2 2k
k = 0 => CnH2n+2 ( n 1), Ankan Parafi mt s sch vit vy
k = 1 => CnH2n ( n 2), Anken olenfin hoc CnH2n ( n 3), xicloankan
k = 2 => CnH2n-2 ( n 2), Ankin hoc CnH2n-2 ( n 3), Akaien
k = 4 => CnH2n-6 ( n 6), Aren Benzen
.c k file down load hiu thm Mnh ch nu ra tng bi
C6H14 => k = (2.6 14 + 2)/2 = 0 => ankan => Ch c lin kt n.
Bc 2: Vit ng phn theo cc trng hp.
Mnh thng vit mch thng ri mi vit mch nhnh.
C6H14 : CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH2 CH3
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3
C2H5
=> 5 p xicloankan
CH3
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
Xt bng :
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
mC mH mN mS
:
:
:
Ly cng thc t s mol Gi a l mol CxHyNzSt
12 1 14 32
m m m m
=> nC = ax ; nH = ay ; nN = az ; nS = at => nC : nH : nN : nS = x : y : z : t = C : H : N : S
12 1 14 32
3 1 7 8
: : : = 0,25 : 1 : 0,5 : 0,25 = 1 : 4 : 2 : 1 => CTDDGN (CH4N2S)n
=> x : y : z : t =
12 1 14 32
x:y:z:t=
10
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
Cu 63: Mt hp cht hu c gm C, H, O ; trong cacbon chim 61,22% v khi lng. Cng thc phn t ca
hp cht l:
A. C3H6O2.
B. C2H2O3.
C. C5H6O2.
D. C4H10O.
Gi CTPT : CxHyOz => %C = 12x .100% / (12x + y + 16z) = 61,22% *
Cch 1 : M tng p n => C ng
Cch 2: * 7,6x = y + 16z Ly 100% chia 61,22% ng nhn cho mnh hay dng
y + 16z lun l s nguyn => 7,6x l s nguyn => x l s chia ht cho 5 => x =5 => C tha mn
=> C
Nu x = 3 => y + 16z = 22,8 Loi tng t x = 2 v x =4 nh cc p n
Cu 64: Cht hu c X c M = 123 v khi lng C, H, O v N trong phn t theo th t t l vi
72 : 5 : 32 : 14. CTPT ca X l:
A. C6H14O2N.
B. C6H6ON2.
C. C6H12ON.
D. C6H5O2N.
Cch 1 tnh M cc p n => Ch c D : C6H5O2N c M = 123 => D ng
Cch 2:
AD bi 61 : Gi CTG: (CxHyOzNt)n
T l 72 : 5 : 32 : 14 => mC = 72 ; mH = 5 ; mO = 32 ; mN = 14
x:y:z:t=
mC mH mO mN
:
:
:
= 6 : 5 : 2 : 1 => (C6H5O2N)n
12 1 16 14
ADCT :
nC =
mCO2
44
VCO2
22,4
mC = nC .12 Hay mC =
mCO2
44
12 =
VCO2
22,4
12
2- Xac nh khoi lng H thong qua cac san pham chay : Khoi lng H2O
Trong mot so trng hp dung chat hap thu H2O : CaCl2, P2O5, H2SO4 ac ... th khoi
lng bnh tang la khoi lng nc thu c
nH2O =
mH2O
18
nH = nH2O .2
* Trong trng hp d kien cho hap thu toan bo san pham chay vao dung dch ...
d th khoi lng bnh tang : m gam th khoi lng nay chnh la khoi lng CO2 va
khoi lng nc
* Trong trng hp d kien cho: hap thu toan bo san pham chay vao dung dch ...
d thu c m gam ket tua ong thi khoi lng dung dch giam n gam: Th nCO2 = n
va m - ( mH2O + mCO2 )= mgiam
Nen t ay ta co: mH2O = m - (mgiam - mCO2 )
3- Xac nh khoi lng N: Thng trong bai toan ot th Nit giai phong dang N2
11
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
phng phap xac nh thng cho san pham i qua chat hap thu nc, CO2 sau o
thu kh con lai la N2 hoac hon hp N2 va O2 d nen tuy trng hp ma tnh toan
nN2 =
VN0 2
22,4
12
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
Cu 69: t 0,15 mol mt hp cht hu c thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Mt khc t 1 th tch hi
cht cn 2,5 th tch O2. Cc th tch o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. CTPT ca hp cht l:
A. C2H6O2.
B. C2H6O.
C. C2H4O2.
D. C2H4O.
AD CT bi 66: => x = nCO2 / nX = 0,3 / 0,15 = 2 ; y = 2nH2O / nX = 0,6 / 0,15 = 4
t 1 th tch hi cht cn 2,5 th tch O2 => x + y/4 z/2 = VO2 /VX = 2,5
2 + 4/4 z/2 = 2,5 => z = 1 => C2H4O => D
Cu 70: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X (C, H, N) bng lng khng kh va (gm 1/5 th tch O2, cn
li l N2) c kh CO2 , H2O v N2. Cho ton b sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy c 39,4
gam kt ta, khi lng dung dch gim i 24,3 gam. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 34,72 lt (ktc). Bit
dX O
< 2.
CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H7N.
B. C2H8N.
C. C2H7N2.
D. C2H4N2.
AD bi 65:
Trong trng hp d kien cho: hap thu toan bo san pham chay vao dung dch ... d
thu c m gam ket tua ong thi khoi lng dung dch giam n gam: Th nCO2 = n va
m - ( mH2O + mCO2 )= mgiam
Nen t ay ta co: mH2O = m - (mgiam +mCO2)
Cho ton b sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy c 39,4 gam kt ta, khi lng dung dch
gim i 24,3 gam
=> nCO2 = nBaCO3 Kt ta = 0,2 mol P CO2 + Ba(OH)2 => BaCO3 + H2O => nC = nCO2 = 0,2
=> mH2O = m - (mgiam +mCO2) = 39,4 (24,3 + 0,2.44) = 6,3g => nH2O = 0,35 mol => nH
= 0,7
PT p CxHyNt +(x + y/4)O2 => xCO2 + y/2H2O + t/2N2
34,72 lt gm N2 trong khng kh v N2 to thnh do p .
BT nguyn t Oxi trc v sau p => 2nO2 p = 2nCO2 + nH2O =2.0,2 + 0,35 =0,75
=> nO2 p = 0,375 mol => VO2 p = 8,4 lt => VN2 trong kk = 4VO2 = 33,6 lt
V O2 chim 1/5; N chim 4/5 => VN2 to thnh sau p = 34,72 33,6 = 1,12 lt => nN2 =0,05 mol => mol N
= 0,1 mol
x : y : t = nC : nH : nN = 0,2 : 0,7 : 0,1 = 2 : 7 : 1 => (C2H7N)n => n = 1 p n 2C => A ng
Cu 71: Oxi ha hon ton 4,02 gam mt hp cht hu c X ch thu c 3,18 gam Na2CO3 v 0,672 lt kh CO2.
CTGN ca X l:
A. CO2Na.
B. CO2Na2.
C. C3O2Na.
D. C2O2Na.
Cch 1: Ly 4,02 chia cho M tng p n S mol p nht th chn 1 p 3 ko p => 1 p ng
Mo ny nhm loi i cc p n sai
A.CO2Na c M = 67 => chia p 0,06 mol => A d ng
B.CO2Na2 c M = 90 => Chia l => Loi
Tng t C . D u chia l => 1 p 3 l => 1 ng => A ng.
p n => X cha C,O,Na => Gi CTGN: (CxOyNaz)n
AD BT nguyn t C => nC = nNa2CO2 + nCO2 = 0,03 + 0,03 = 0,06 mol
nNa= 2nNa2CO3 = 0,06 mol
mO = mX mC mNa = 4,02 0,06.12 0,06.23 = 1,92 => nO = 0,12mol
x : y : z = nC : nO2 : nNa = 0,06 : 0,12 : 0,06 = 1 : 2 : 1 => CTGN: CO2Na => A
Cu 72: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon trong 0,5 lt hn hp ca n vi CO2 bng 2,5 lt O2 thu c 3,4 lt kh.
Hn hp ny sau khi ngng t ht hi nc cn 1,8 lt, tip tc cho hn hp kh cn li qua dung dch kim d th cn
li 0,5 lt kh. Cc th tch c o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. CTPT ca hirocacbon l:
A. C4H10.
B. C3H8.
C. C4H8.
D. C3H6.
Hn hp 3,4 lt kh gm O2 d C th c ; CO2To thnh + d v H2O
1,8 lt l CO2 v O2 d v H2O b ngng t => VH2O = 3,4 1,8 = 1,6 lt
0,5 lt kh l O2d v CO2 b kim d hp th => VCO2 sau p = 1,8 0,5 = 1,3 lt
=> V O2 p = 2 lt Ch c hidrocabon CxHy p vi O2
Gi a , b ln lt l VCxHy v CO2 trc p
a + b = 0,5 lt
(1)
(x +y/4) = VO2 p /VCxHy = 2 / a a (x + y/4) = 2
(2) CT bi 66
VCO2 sau p = x. VCxHy + VCO2 trc p = xa + b = 1,3 lt
=>ax = 1,3 - b
(3) BTNT C
y = 2VH2O / VCxHy = 3,2 / a ay = 3,2
(4) BTNT H
13
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
14
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
15
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
0,5 M. trung ho axit cn d sau khi tc dng vi NH3 cn dng 7,7 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Bit MA= 60. Cng
thc phn t ca A l:
A. CH4ON2.
B. C2H7N.
C. C3H9N.
D. CH4ON.
T li gii cc phn trn => By gi mnh s vit tt rt ngn thi gian nh li gii Cm n
Mnh quy c x : y = nC : nH Lun lun vy
Cch 1 : Mo => cho MA = 60 => Ch c p n A c M = 60 => A
Cch 2:
x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 1 : 4 S liu l => dng my tnh => t l = 0,25 hay 1 : 4
=> Ch c A v D c t l C : H l 1 : 4 => Da vo MA = 60
V bi cho s liu nCO2 v nH2O l => mnh gii tt ; bn no thch gii theo t lun c th theo gii bi 75 Bi
tng t p vi H2SO4 v trung ha bng NaOH => tm c nN = nNH3 => mO = mX mC mH mN => ri t t
l v da vo MA = 60 => p n
Cu 83*: t chy hon ton 0,01 mol cht hu c X cn va 0,616 lt O2. Sau th nghim thu c hn hp sn
phm Y gm : CO2, N2 v hi H2O. Lm lnh ngng t hi H2O ch cn 0,56 lt hn hp kh Z (c t khi hi vi
H2 l 20,4). Bit th tch cc kh u o ktc. Cng thc phn t X l:
A. C2H5ON.
B. C2H5O2N.
C. C2H7O2N.
D. A hoc C.
p n => X ch cha 1N => nN2 to ra = nX / 2 BT nguyn t N = 0,005 mol
VCO2 = 0,56 VN2 = 0,56 0,005.22,4 = 0,448 mol V lm lnh H2O => 0,56 lt gm CO2 v N2
Hoc c th tm VCO2 v VN2 thng qua d kin 0,56 lt hn hp kh Z c t khi H2 l 20,4
Bng vic t x , y ln lt l s mol CO2 v N2 => x + y = 0,56 / 22,4 = 0,025
V MZ = 20,4.2 = (mCO2 + mN2) / (x + y) 40,8 = (44x + 28y) / 0,025 => Gii h => nh mo.
nCO2 = 0,02 mol => x = nCO2 / nX = 2 Hoc da vo cc p n => x = 2
Mt khc ta c : x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nX = 2,75 - Ta c x = 2
y / 4 z/2 = 0,75 : p n => z =1 hoc z = 2 V c 1 Oxi hoc 2 Oxi
Vi z = 1 => y = 5 ; z = 2 => y = 7 => A v C u ng => D
Hoc ta c y/4 z/2 = 0,75 y 2z = 3 y = 2z + 3 hay 0 < 2z + 3 2x + 2 + t
Xem li bi 57 CT : CxHyOzNt t mo => x = 2 v t = 1
=> 0 < 2z + 3 7 => 0<z 2 => xt z = 1 => y = 5 ; z = 2 => y =7 => D
Cu 84: X la mt ancol no, mach h. t chay 0,05 mol X cn 4 gam oxi. X co cng thc l:
A. C3H5(OH)3.
B. C3H6(OH)2.
C. C2H4(OH)2.
D. C4H8(OH)2.
Mo Xem video ca Nguyn Tn Trung bit thm mo link ny : http://thaytro.vn/thaytro_phothong/?
id_pri_book=357
i vi dng bi ton ancol no c s C bng s nhm OH CTTQ: CnH2n+2 - n(OH)n ca ru m khi cho nX
v nO2
Nu ta ly nO2 / nX = n + 0,5 ; => Nu chia nO2 / nX = 2,5 => C2H4(OH)2 ; = 3,5 => C3H5(OH)3
Ta c nO2 / nX = 2,5 => X c cng thc C2H4(OH)2
Cng thc rt ra t p : khi s C bng nhm OH => s C bng s O
CT TQ: CnH2n+2On V ancol nol
PT : CnH2n+2On + (2n+1)/2O2 => nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
nO2 / nCnH2n+2On = (2n+1)/2 = n + 0,5
Khng c th dng mo c : Ta c x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nX
Thay tng p n.
=> C : C2H6O2 c x = 2 ; y = 6 ; z = 2 => x + y/4 z/2 = 2,5 Tha mn => C ng
Cu 85: Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 16,80 lt kh CO2 ; 2,80 lt N2 (cc th tch o ktc)
v 20,25 gam H2O. CTPT ca X l:
A. C4H9N.
B. C3H7N.
C. C2H7N.
D. C3H9N.
Amin n chc X CnH2n+3N Xem SGK 12 bi amin =>Thnh phn c C, H , N
Hoc da vo p n cc p n u c C , H , N => CTGN : (CxHyOz)n
x : y : z = nC : nH : nN = nCO2 : 2nH2O : 2nN2 = 0,75 : 2,25 : 0,25 = 3 : 9 : 1 => D tha mn t l
Hoc ch cn tm t l x : y bng my tnh ly nCO2 : 2nH2O = 1 : 3 => D tha mn
Cu 86: t chy hon ton m gam mt amin X bng lng khng kh va thu c 17,6 gam CO2,
12,6 gam H2O v 69,44 lt N2 (ktc). Gi thit khng kh ch gm N2 v O2 trong oxi chim 20% th tch
khng kh. X c cng thc l:
A. C2H5NH2.
B. C3H7NH2.
C. CH3NH2.
D. C4H9NH2
16
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
17
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
18
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
19
phamdinhvy@gmail.com
2B
12D
22B
32A
42C
52B
62BA
72B
82A
92B
3C
13B
23D
33B
43C
53C
63C
73C
83D
93B
4B
14A
24C
34B
44D
54C
64D
74A
84C
94C
I CNG HA HC HU C
5B
15B
25C
35A
45C
55B
65B
75A
85D
95C
6D
16B
26A
36D
46D
56C
66A
76A
86A
96B
7B
17A
27A
37C
47D
57C
67D
77C
87B
97C
8C
18A
28CD
38B
48B
58C
68A
78C
88C
98A
9D
19D
29A
39B
49A
59C
69D
79D
89A
99B
20
10C
20C
30D
40B
50C
60D
70A
80B
90C
100D