You are on page 1of 20

phamdinhvy@gmail.

com
CHUYN 1 :

TTGS TIN NHAT


I CNG HA HC HU C

Cu 1: Thnh phn cc nguyn t trong hp cht hu c


A. nht thit phi c cacbon, thng c H, hay gp O, N sau n halogen, S, P...
B. gm c C, H v cc nguyn t khc.
C. bao gm tt c cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon.
D. thng c C, H hay gp O, N, sau n halogen, S, P.
SGK 11 nng cao 102 => A
Cu 2: c im chung ca cc phn t hp cht hu c l
1. thnh phn nguyn t ch yu l C v H.
2. c th cha nguyn t khc nh Cl, N, P, O.
3. lin kt ha hc ch yu l lin kt cng ho tr.
4. lin kt ho hc ch yu l lin kt ion.
5. d bay hi, kh chy.
6. phn ng ho hc xy ra nhanh.
Nhm cc ng l:
A. 4, 5, 6.
B. 1, 2, 3.
C. 1, 3, 5.
D. 2, 4, 6.
SGK 11 nng cao 102 phn c im chung => B
Cu 3: Cu to ho hc l
A. s lng lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t.
B. cc loi lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t.
C. th t lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t.
D. bn cht lin kt gia cc nguyn t trong phn t.
SGK 11 nng cao - 122 => C
Cu 4: Pht biu no sau c dng nh ngha cng thc n gin nht ca hp cht hu c ?
A. Cng thc n gin nht l cng thc biu th s nguyn t ca mi nguyn t trong phn t.
B. Cng thc n gin nht l cng thc biu th t l ti gin v s nguyn t ca cc nguyn t trong phn t.
C. Cng thc n gin nht l cng thc biu th t l phn trm s mol ca mi nguyn t
trong phn t.
D. Cng thc n gin nht l cng thc biu th t l s nguyn t C v H c trong phn t.
SGK 11 nng cao 115 => B
Cu 5: Cho cht axetilen (C2H2) v benzen (C6H6), hy chn nhn xt ng trong cc nhn xt sau :
A. Hai cht ging nhau v cng thc phn t v khc nhau v cng thc n gin nht.
B. Hai cht khc nhau v cng thc phn t v ging nhau v cng thc n gin nht.
C. Hai cht khc nhau v cng thc phn t v khc nhau v cng thc n gin nht.
D. Hai cht c cng cng thc phn t v cng cng thc n gin nht.
C2H2 => Cng thc phn t l C2H2 ; C6H6 => cng thc phn t l C6H6 => Khc nhau v cng thc phn t . C
2 u c cng cng thc n gin nht l (CH)n => B
Cu 6: c im chung ca cc cacbocation v cacbanion l:
A. km bn v c kh nng phn ng rt kem.
B. chng u rt bn vng v c kh nng phn ng cao.
C. c th d dng tch c ra khi hn hp phn ng.
D. km bn v c kh nng phn ng cao.
SGK 11 nng cao - 131 => D
Cu 7: Phn ng ha hc ca cc hp cht hu c c c im l:
A. thng xy ra rt nhanh v cho mt sn phm duy nht.
B. thng xy ra chm, khng hon ton, khng theo mt hng nht nh.
C. thng xy ra rt nhanh, khng hon ton, khng theo mt hng nht nh.
D. thng xy ra rt chm, nhng hon ton, khng theo mt hng xc nh.
SGK 11 nng cao 102 => B
Cu 8: Pht biu no sau y l sai ?
A. Lin kt ha hc ch yu trong hp cht hu c l lin kt cng ha tr.
B. Cc cht c cu to v tnh cht tng t nhau nhng v thnh phn phn t khc nhau mt hay nhiu nhm
-CH2- l ng ng ca nhau.
C. Cc cht c cng khi lng phn t l ng phn ca nhau.
D. Lin kt ba gm hai lin kt v mt lin kt .

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

A ng SGK 11 nng cao 102 B ng SGK 11 nng cao 123 C sai SGK 11 nng cao 123
D ng SGK 11 nng cao 124
VD: C sai : M = 60 ; C3H7OH ; CH3COOH Khc nhau v cng thc phn t
=> C
Cu 9: Kt lun no sau y l ng ?
A. Cc nguyn t trong phn t hp cht hu c lin kt vi nhau khng theo mt th t nht nh.
B. Cc cht c thnh phn phn t hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm -CH2-, do tnh cht ha hc khc nhau
l nhng cht ng ng.
C. Cc cht c cng cng thc phn t nhng khc nhau v cng thc cu to c gi l cc cht ng ng
ca nhau.
D. Cc cht khc nhau c cng cng thc phn t c gi l cc cht ng phn ca nhau.
A sai v khng theo mt hng nht nh Khng phi th t
B sai Tnh cht ha hc ging nhau Khng phi khc nhau
C sai l ng phn
D ng ngc ca C SGK 11 nng cao 123 => D
Cu 10: Hin tng cc cht c cu to v tnh cht ho hc tng t nhau, chng ch hn km nhau mt hay nhiu
nhm metylen (-CH2-) c gi l hin tng
A. ng phn.
B. ng v.
C. ng ng.
D. ng khi.
SGK 11 nng cao 123
Cu 11: Hp cht cha mt lin kt trong phn t thuc loi hp cht
A. khng no.
B. mch h.
C. thm.
D. no hoc khng no.
SGK 11 nng cao 155 ; Hp cht khng no l trong lin kt C vi C c cha lin kt i hoc lin kt 3 hay cha lin
kt pi SGK 11 nng cao 124 => A
Cu 12: Hp cht hu c c phn loi nh sau:
A. Hirocacbon v hp cht hu c c nhm chc.
B. Hirocacbon v dn xut ca hirocacbon.
C. Hirocacbon no, khng no, thm v dn xut ca hirocacbon.
D. Tt c u ng.
SGK 11 nng cao 106 => D
Cu 13: Pht biu khng chnh xc l:
A. Tnh cht ca cc cht ph thuc vo thnh phn phn t v cu to ha hc.
B. Cc cht c cng khi lng phn t l ng phn ca nhau.
C. Cc cht l ng phn ca nhau th c cng cng thc phn t.
D. S xen ph trc to thnh lin kt , s xen ph bn to thnh lin kt .
Ging cu 9 => B sai
A ng da vo thnh phn phn t Cha cht no : C, H , Cl , N , O Cu to ha hc ng phn
C ng SGK 11 nng cao 123
D ng SGK 11 nng cao 124 => B
Cu 14: Nung mt hp cht hu c X vi lng d cht oxi ha CuO ngi ta thy thot ra kh CO2, hi H2O v kh
N2. Chn kt lun chnh xc nht trong cc kt lun sau :
A. X chc chn cha C, H, N v c th c hoc khng c oxi.
B. X l hp cht ca 3 nguyn t C, H, N.
C. Cht X chc chn c cha C, H, c th c N.
D. X l hp cht ca 4 nguyn t C, H, N, O.
SGK 11 nng cao 112 ; X chc chn c C, H , N v to ra CO2, H2O , N2 Bo ton nguyn t trc v sau p =>
cn li c th hoc khng c oxi Xt thng oxi ny theo nh lng cc nguyn t khc => A
Cu 15: Cho hn hp cc ankan sau : pentan (si 36oC), heptan (si 98oC), octan (si 126oC), nonan (si
151oC). C th tch ring cc cht bng cch no sau y ?
A. Kt tinh.
B. Chng ct
C. Thng hoa.
D. Chit.
SGK 11 nng cao - 103 . tch cc cht lng c nhit khc nhau nhiu ngi ta thng dng chng ct thng.
=> B
Cu 16: Cc cht trong nhm cht no di y u l dn xut ca hirocacbon ?
A. CH2Cl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, NaCl, CH3Br, CH3CH2Br.
B. CH2Cl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, CH3Br, CH2=CHCOOH, CH3CH2OH.
C. CH2Br-CH2Br, CH2=CHBr, CH3Br, CH3CH3.
D. HgCl2, CH2Br-CH2Br, CH2=CHBr, CH3CH2Br.
SGK 11 nng cao 106 => B ng

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

A sai v c NaCl l cht v c Khng phi hidrocacbon


C sai v c CH3CH3 l hidrocacbon khng phi dn xut.
D sai v c HgCl2 l cht v c Khng phi hidrocacbon
Cu 17: Cho cc cht : C6H5OH (X) ; C6H5CH2OH (Y) ; HOC6H4OH (Z) ; C6H5CH2CH2OH (T).
Cc cht ng ng ca nhau l:
A. Y, T.
B. X, Z, T.
C. X, Z.
D. Y, Z.
ng ng cng tnh cht ha hc v hn km nhau mt hay nhiu nhm CH2 SGK 11 nng cao 123
A ng v Y v T u l ru thm Ru thm l c vng benzen v OH gn vi gc C ngoi vng benzen.
B sai v X v Z khng hn km nhau CH2
C sai v ging B
D sai v khng hn km nhau CH2
Cu 18: Trong nhng dy cht sau y, dy no c cc cht l ng phn ca nhau ?
A. C2H5OH, CH3OCH3.
B. CH3OCH3, CH3CHO.
C. CH3CH2CH2OH, C2H5OH.
D. C4H10, C6H6.
ng phn l cc hp cht khc nhau nhng cng cng thc phn t SGK 11 nng cao 123
=> A ng v cng CTPT : C2H6O
Cu 19: Cc cht hu c n chc Z1, Z2, Z3 c CTPT tng ng l CH2O, CH2O2, C2H4O2. Chng thuc cc dy
ng ng khc nhau. Cng thc cu to ca Z3 l
A. CH3COOCH3.
B. HOCH2CHO.
C. CH3COOH. D. CH3OCHO.
Z1 c th l CH3OH Ru hoc HCHOandehit => Z2: HCOOH Axit HO-CHO
Z3 ch c th l A : CH3COOCH3 Este
B v D cng vi ng ng HO CHO
C loi v cng ng ng Axit.
=> A
Cu 20: Nhng cht no sau y l ng phn hnh hc ca nhau ?

A. (I), (II).
B. (I), (III).
ng phn lp th SGK 11 nng cao 127
iu kin c ng phn hnh hc l R1 # R2 v R3 # R4

C. (II), (III).

D. (I), (II), (III).


R1

R3
C=C

R2
R4
I sai v R3 ging R4 CH3=> Loi A , B , D V u cha I => C ng Hoc nhn thy ng k
C
Cu 21: Cho cc cht sau : CH2=CH-CCH (1) ; CH2=CHCl (2) ; CH3CH=C(CH3)2 (3) ;
CH3CH=CH-CH=CH2 (4) ; CH2=CHCH=CH2 (5) ; CH3CH=CHBr (6). Cht nao sau y co ng phn hinh hoc?
A. 2, 4, 5, 6.
B. 4, 6.
C. 2, 4, 6.
D. 1, 3, 4.
CH2=CH-CCH (1) ; CH2=CHCl (2) khng c ng phn hnh hc v R1 ging R2 H
Loi A , C , D v cha 1 v 2 => B
4 ng v nu xt ni i u tin => R1# R2 CH3 # H ; R3 # R4 CH=CH2 # H
Ni i th 2 khng c ng phn hnh hc v R3 ging R4 H
5 sai v xt ni i 1 th R1 ging R2 H , ni i 2 th R3 ging R4 H
6 ng R1 # R2 CH3 # H ; R3 # R4 H # Br
Cu 22: Hp cht hu c no sau y khng c ng phn cis-trans ?
A. 1,2-icloeten.
B. 2-metyl pent-2-en. C. but-2-en.
D. pent-2-en.
A . 1,2 icloeten ClCH=CHCl R1 #R2 v R3#R4 Cl # H => c ng phn hnh hc
B . 2 metyl pent 2 en CH3 - (CH3)C = CH-CH2 R1 ging R2 CH3 => khng c ng phn hh
=> B
C. But 2 en CH3 CH = CH CH3 => c thy R1 # R2 , R3 # R4 CH3 # H
D . pent 2 en CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH3 => c ng phn hh R1 # R2 CH3 # H R3 # R4 H # CH2
CH3
Cu 23: Hp cht (CH3)2C=CHC(CH3)2CH=CHBr c danh php IUPAC l

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

A. 1-brom-3,5-trimetylhexa-1,4-ien.
B. 3,3,5-trimetylhexa-1,4-ien-1-brom.
C. 2,4,4-trimetylhexa-2,5-ien-6-brom.
D. 1-brom-3,3,5-trimetylhexa-1,4-ien.
SGK 11 nng cao 108. nh s th t gn nhm halogen Br
2 lin kt i => ankandien SGK 11 nng cao 166 => ui ien
s ch v tr tn nhnh tn mch chnh s ch v tr ien
6
5
4
3
2
1
(CH3)2C=CHC(CH3)2CH=CHBr => CH3 (CH3)C = CH (CH3)C(CH3) CH = CH Br
6 s => 6 C => Hexa SGK 11 nc 109 => D : 1 brom 3,3,5 trimetylhexa 1,4 ien.
Nh cu thn tr : M - Em Phi Bn Phn Ha Hp - - Ngoi ng
Met et prop but pen hex hept oct non ec oct non ec ng vi thng 10-11-12 Ting Anh
Cu 24: Hp cht (CH3)2C=CH-C(CH3)3 c danh php IUPAC l:
A. 2,2,4- trimetylpent-3-en.
B. 2,4-trimetylpent-2-en.
C. 2,4,4-trimetylpent-2-en.
D. 2,4-trimetylpent-3-en.
(CH3)2C=CH-C(CH3)3 l anken v ch c 1 lin kt i . nh s th t t C gn lin kt i nht.
Quy tc c tn SGK 11 nng cao 156
s ch v tr tn nhnh tn mch chnh s ch v tr - en
1
2
3
4 5
(CH3)2C=CH-C(CH3)3 => CH3 C(CH3) = CH (CH3)C(CH3)-CH3
=> C : 2,4,4 trimetylpent 2 - en
Cu 25: Hp cht CH2=CHC(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH3 c danh php IUPAC l:
A. 1,3,3-trimetylpent-4-en-1-ol.
B. 3,3,5-trimetylpent-1-en-5-ol.
C. 4,4-imetylhex-5-en-2-ol.
D. 3,3-imetylhex-1-en-5-ol.
CH2=CHC(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH3 cha OH => nh s th t C gn OH nht
Ch quy tc nh s th t COOH > OH > Lin kt 3 > Lin kt 2 > Lin kt 1
SGK 11 nng cao 221 => Danh php : tn hidrocacbon mch chnh - s v tr - ol
Hay s ch v tr tn nhnh tn mch chnh s v tr ol
6
5
4
3
2
1
CH2=CHC(CH3)2CH2CH(OH)CH3 => CH2 = CH (CH3) C(CH3) CH2 CH(OH) CH3
C : 4,4 imetylhex 5 en 2 ol
Cu 26: Cho cng thc cu to sau : CH3CH(OH)CH=C(Cl)CHO. S oxi ha ca cc nguyn t cacbon tnh t phi
sang tri c gi tr ln lt l:
A. +1 ; +1 ; -1 ; 0 ; -3.
B. +1 ; -1 ; -1 ; 0 ; -3.
C. +1 ; +1 ; 0 ; -1 ; +3.
D. +1 ; -1 ; 0 ; -1 ; +3.
Cch xc nh s oxi ha C trong cht hu c.
(Cc s oxi ha ca cc cht O , H , N , halogen th vn vy)
+ Trong hp cht hu c th tch ring tng nhm Cn ra tnh
VD : CH3 CH2 CH(CH3) CH3 => CH3 | CH2 | CH | CH3 | CH3 => -3|-2|-1|-3|-3
+ Nu nhm chc khng cha C (halogen , -OH , -O-,NH2) thnh tnh s Oxihoa C gn c nhm chc.
VD: CH3 CH(Br)-CH3 => CH3 | CHBr | CH3 => -3 | 0 | -3
CH3 CH2 CH2OH => CH3 | CH2 | CH2OH => -3 | -2 | -1
CH3 O CH2 CH3 => CH3 O| O CH2 | CH3 => -2 | -1 | -3
+ Nu nhm chc c C th tnh ring.
VD : CH3 CHO => CH3 | CHO => -3 | +1
CH3 COOH => CH3 | COOH => -3 | +3
CH3CH(OH)CH=C(Cl)CHO => CH3 | CHOH | CH | CCl | CHO => -3 | 0 | -1 | +1 | +1
=> t phi qua tri +1 | +1 | -1 | 0 | -3 => A
Cu 27: Trong cng thc CxHyOzNt tng s lin kt v vng l:
A. (2x-y + t+2)/2. B. (2x-y + t+2).
C. (2x-y - t+2)/2.
D. (2x-y + z + t+2)/2.
Tng qut
CT CxHyOzNtXuNav X l halogen Tng s lk pi + vng = (2x-y+t+2 u v )/2 => A
Gi l bt hot k
Cu 28: a. Vitamin A cng thc phn t C20H30O, co cha 1 vong 6 canh va khng co cha lin kt ba. S lin kt i
trong phn t vitamin A la
A. 7.
B. 6.
C. 5.
D. 4.
AD bi 27 => Tng s lin kt + vng = (2.20 30 +2)/2 = 6 => s lin kt = Tng s - s vng = 5 V c 1
vng => C

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

b. Licopen, cng thc phn t C40H56 la cht mau o trong qua ca chua, chi cha lin kt i va lin kt n trong phn
t. Hiro hoa hoan toan licopen c hirocacbon C40H82. Vy licopen co
A. 1 vong; 12 ni i.
B. 1 vong; 5 ni i.
C. 4 vong; 5 ni i.
D. mach h; 13 ni i.
Hidro ha to thnh C40H82 => C40H56 khng c lin kt vng V khng th ph vng
AD bi 27 => s = (2.40 56 + 2)/2 = 13 => 13 ni i. => D
Cu 29: Metol C10H20O va menton C10H18O chung u co trong tinh du bac ha. Bit phn t metol khng co ni i,
con phn t menton co 1 ni i. Vy kt lun nao sau y la ung ?
A. Metol va menton u co cu tao vong.
B. Metol co cu tao vong, menton co cu tao mach h.
C. Metol va menton u co cu tao mach h.
D. Metol co cu tao mach h, menton co cu tao vong.
AD bi 27 => Metol C10H20O c tng s + vng = (2.10 20 +2)/2 = 1 => 1 vng V metol ko c ni i
Menton C10H18O c tng s + vng = (2.10 18 + 2) = 2 => 1 vng V menton c 1 ni i
=> C 2 u c vng => A
Cu 30: Trong hp cht CxHyOz th y lun lun chn v y 2x+2 l do:
A. a 0 (a l tng s lin kt v vng trong phn t).
B. z 0 (mi nguyn t oxi to c 2 lin kt).
C. mi nguyn t cacbon ch to c 4 lin kt.
D. cacbon v oxi u c ha tr l nhng s chn.
Tha mn cng thc kia => Ha tr C = 4 ; Ha tr O = 2 => u l s chn
Cu 31: Tng s lin kt v vng ng vi cng thc C5H9O2Cl l:
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
AD bi 27 => Tng s + vng = (5.2 9 + 2 -1) / 2 = 1 => B
Cu 32: Tng s lin kt v vng ng vi cng thc C5H12O2 l:
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
AD bi 27 => Tng s + vng = (5.2 12 +2)/2 = 0 => A
Cu 33: Cng thc tng qut ca dn xut iclo mch h c cha mt lin kt ba trong phn t l
A. CnH2n-2Cl2.
B. CnH2n-4Cl2.
C. CnH2nCl2.
D. CnH2n-6Cl2.
Cng thc c dng CnHyCl2 V iclo hay 2 Cl
Cha 1 lin kt 3 => 2 khng vng
=> AD bi 27 => Tng s + vng = 2 = (2n y +2 -2) /2 => y = 2n 4 => CnH2n-4Cl2 => B
Cu 34: Cng thc tng qut ca dn xut ibrom khng no mch h cha a lin kt l
A. CnH2n+2-2aBr2.
B. CnH2n-2aBr2.
C. CnH2n-2-2aBr2. D. CnH2n+2+2aBr2.
Tng t 33 => a = (2n y +2 -2) / 2 => y = 2n 2a => CnH2n-2aBr2 => B
Cu 35: Hp cht hu c c cng thc tng qut CnH2n+2O2 thuc loi
A. ancol hoc ete no, mch h, hai chc.
B. anehit hoc xeton no, mch h, hai chc.
C. axit hoc este no, n chc, mch h.
D. hiroxicacbonyl no, mch h.
CnH2n+2O2 => AD bi 27 : => Tng s + vng = (2n 2n 2 + 2) / 2 = 0
Khng th l axit COOH , este COO , andehit CHO , xetonCO , hidroxicacbonylOH R COOH v
u c 1 lin kt Xem SGK bit thm lin kt pi trong cc gc
A Ancol v ete khng cha lin kt 2 chc v c 2Oxi
Cu 36: Ancol no mch h c cng thc tng qut chnh xc nht l
A. R(OH)m.
B. CnH2n+2Om.
C. CnH2n+1OH. D. CnH2n+2-m(OH)m.
Tng qut cch xc nh cng thc tng qut ca mi cht.
Cch 1:CnH2n +2 - 2a m (Chc)m
Cch 2: CnH2n+ 2 2aXb X thng l Oxi ; b l s X trong cht
Cch 1 : a khng tnh s pi trong chc , Cch 2: a tnh c s pi trong chc
Ty vo tng bi s s dng Cch 1 hoc cch 2
VD : Tm CTTQ : Axit 2 chc c 1 lin kt pi trong hidrocacbon
Cch 1: a = 1 1 lk pi m =2 v c 2 chc COOH => CnH2n+2 2 2(COOH)2
Hay Cn+2H2nO4 Cn+2H2(n+2) -4O4 hay CmH2m-4O4 CTTQ c dng CnHyOz
Cch 2: a = 3 2 pi trong gc COOH V 2 chc + 1 pi tng hidrocabon
=> CnH2n+2 2.3O4 hay CnH2n-4O4 O4 v 2 chc (COOH)2 => c 4 Oxi
Trong a l s lin kt + vng c tnh nh sau a = (2.s C + 2 s H)/2

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

(p dng cho c hidrocacbon VD C3H4 th l ankin c2lk pi . Nu p dng CT cng tmc a = 2)


m l s nhm chc ( VD : 1 ,2 ,3 nhm OH)
(CHc: OH , -O-,COOH,COO)
Ancol no => a = 0 => CnH2n+2 m (OH)m => D
Cu 37: Cng thc tng qut ca anehit n chc mch h c 1 lin kt i C=C l:
A. CnH2n+1CHO.
B. CnH2nCHO.
C. CnH2n-1CHO. D. CnH2n-3CHO.
AD 36: Chc CHO andehit ; a = 1 v c 1 ; m = 1 v c 1 gc CHO n chc
=> CnH2n+2 2 -1(CHO) hay CnH2n-1CHO => C
Cu 38: Anehit mch h c cng thc tng qut CnH2n-2O thuc loi
A. anehit n chc no.
B. anehit n chc cha mt lin kt i trong gc hirocacbon.
C. anehit n chc cha hai lin kt trong gc hirocacbon.
D. anehit n chc cha ba lin kt trong gc hirocacbon.
AD 27: s = (2n (2n-2) +2)/2 = 2 V mch h khng c vng
M andehit c 1 trong gc CHO => cn li 1 trong gc hidrocacbon => B
Cu 39: Cng thc tng qut ca ancol n chc mch h c 2 ni i trong gc hirocacbon l
A. CnH2n-4O.
B. CnH2n-2O.
C. CnH2nO.
D. CnH2n+2O.
AD 36: Cch 1: ancol n chc => 1 gc OH hay m = 1 ; 2 ni i trong gc hidrocacbon => a = 2 2 lin kt pi

CnH2n+2 2.2 1(OH) hay

CnH2n-2O => B
Cch 2: ancol n chc => 1 gc OH => 1 Oxi ; 2 ni i => a = 2 2pi
=> CnH2n + 2 2.2O hay CnH2n 2O => B
Cu 40: Anehit mch h CnH2n 4O2 c s lng lin kt trong gc hirocacbon l:
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
AD 27: CnH2n 4O2 l andehit 2 chc V c 2Oxi Chc CHO => c 2 lin kt trong chc
Tng s = (2n (2n-4) +2)/2 = 3 => s lin kt trong gc hidrocacbon = 3 2 = 1 => B
Cu 41: Cng thc phn t tng qut ca axit hai chc mch h cha mt lin kt i trong gc hirocacbon l:
A. CnH2n-4O4.
B. CnH2n-2O4.
C. CnH2n-6O4.
D. CnH2nO4.
AD 36 : Cch 2: => a = 3 2 pi trong gc COOH 2 chc + 1 pi trong hidrocacbon
4Oxi V 2 chc COOH => CnH2n+2 2.3O4 hay CnH2n 4O4 => A
Cu 42: Axit mch h CnH2n 4O2 c s lng lin kt trong gc hirocacbon l:
A. 0.
B. 1.
C. 2.
D. 3.
AD 27: s pi = (2n (2n-4)+2)/2 = 3 => s lin kt pi trong hidrocabon = 3 1 = 2 V c 1 lin kt pi trong gc
COOH => C
Cu 43: Tng s lin kt v vng trong phn t axit benzoic l:
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
Axit benzoic C6H5COOH SGK 11 nng cao 249 Hay C7H6O2
=> s lk pi + vng = (2.7 6 +2)/2 = 5 => C
Cu 44: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C6H14
A. 6.
B. 7.
C. 4.
D. 5.
http://www.mediafire.com/?wbbd73zi6ci8fjf
Mi ngi down load file K thut xc nh ng phn - cng thc tnh nhanh s ng phn rt hay
C6H14 c 5 ng phn SGK 11 nng cao 139 Nn hc thuc bng
Cc bc vit ng phn. Dng c CT CnH2n+2 2k
Bc 1: Tnh s lin kt pi + vng Cng thc bi 27
CxHyOzNtXuNav k =(2x-y+t+2 u v )/2 X l halogen
i vi hp cht c CT tng qut : CnH2n+2 2k
k = 0 => CnH2n+2 ( n 1), Ankan Parafi mt s sch vit vy
k = 1 => CnH2n ( n 2), Anken olenfin hoc CnH2n ( n 3), xicloankan
k = 2 => CnH2n-2 ( n 2), Ankin hoc CnH2n-2 ( n 3), Akaien
k = 4 => CnH2n-6 ( n 6), Aren Benzen
.c k file down load hiu thm Mnh ch nu ra tng bi
C6H14 => k = (2.6 14 + 2)/2 = 0 => ankan => Ch c lin kt n.
Bc 2: Vit ng phn theo cc trng hp.
Mnh thng vit mch thng ri mi vit mch nhnh.
C6H14 : CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 CH2 CH3

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

CH3 CH2 CH(CH3) CH2 CH3 ; CH3 (CH3)C(CH3) CH2 CH3


CH3 CH(CH3) CH2(CH3) CH3 => 5 => D
Cu 45: S lng ng phn mch h ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10 l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 6.
D. 5.
C5H10 => k = (2.5 10 +2)/2 = 1 => Anken Ch ng phn hnh hc hoc xicloankan
Do mch h => C5H10 l anken V xicloankan mch vng
CH2 = CH - CH2 CH2 CH3 Ko c p hnh hc v R1 ging R2 => 1
CH3 CH = CH CH2 - CH3 C ng phn hnh hc => 2
CH2 = C(CH3) CH2 CH3 Ko c p hnh hc R1 ging R2 => 1
CH2 = CH CH(CH3) CH3 Ko c p hnh hc R1 ging R2 => 1
CH3 C(CH3) = CH CH3 Khng c p hnh hc R1 ging R2 => 1
=> c 6 p => C
Cu 46: S lng ng phn cu to ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10 l:
A. 7.
B. 8.
C. 9.
D. 10.
Bi 45 khng tnh ng phn hnh hc CH3 CH = CH CH2 CH3 ch 1 ng phn cu to
+ C5H10 mch vng xicloankan
ng phn cu to => Khng tnh hnh hc
C5H10 c k =1 => 1 pi Anken hoc 1 vng Xicloankan
Anken => bi 3 => c 5 p cu to
Xicloankan :

CH3

CH3

CH3
CH3
C2H5
=> 5 p xicloankan

CH3

=> 10 p cu to ca C5H10 5 anken + 5 xicloankan


Cu 47: S lng ng phn mch h ng vi cng thc phn t C5H8 l:
A. 7.
B. 8.
C. 9.
D. 10.
C5H8 c k = (2.5 8 + 2)/2 = 2 pi => Ankin hoc ankandien hoc 2 vng Ch ng phn hnh hc
Do mch h => Ch c ankin v ankandien.
Ankin : CH C CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH2 C C CH2 CH3
CH C CH(CH3) CH3 ; => 3
Ankandien : CH2 = C=CH-CH2-CH3 ko c p hnh hc c 2 lk i => 1
CH2 = CH CH = CH CH3 C p hnh hc lin kt th 2 => 2
CH2 = CH CH2 CH=CH2 khng c p hnh hc => 1
CH3 CH= C =CH CH3 ko c p hnh hc v khng c R2 v R4 =>1
Hiu R1 v R2 ; R3 v R4 ging nhau
CH2 = C = C(CH3) CH3 ko c p hnh hc => 1
CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2 ko c p hnh hc =>1
=> 10 ng phn => D
Ch mo nu lin kt i c dng CH2 = R th ko c p hnh hc lin kt i
Cu 48: S lng ng phn cha vng benzen ng vi cng thc phn t C9H12 l:
A. 7.
B. 8.
C. 9.
D. 10.
C9H12 c k = (2.9 12 +2)/2 = 4 => Aren bezen k 4 thng ny c 3 v tr o,m,p SGK 11 nng cao 187
V nh trn word kh nn mnh quy ra 6 im trn vng benzen SGK cho d hiu
C6H5 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 v tr 1 cng ging nh cc v tr cn li=> 1

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

C6H5 CH(CH2) CH3 CH(CH2) CH3 v tr 1 cng ging v tr cn li => 1


CH3 C6H4 C2H5 CH3 v tr 1 cn C2H5 ln lt v tr 2 ging 6, 3 ging 5 , 4 => 3
CH3 C6H4 (CH3) CH3 1 CH3 v tr 1 , 2CH3 cn li 2 v 3 3 ci lin tip , 2 v 4 ging 6 v 4 2 ci
cch nhau + 1 ci cch , 3 v 5 3 ci cch nhau 1 v tr => 3
=> 8 ng phn => B Phn ny hi kh hiu cht quan trng l hiu 3 ci lin tip , 2 ci lin tip + 1 ci cch , 3
ci cch nhau i vi C9H12
Cu 49: S lng ng phn cha vng benzen ng vi cng thc phn t C9H10 l:
A. 7.
B. 8.
C. 9.
D. 6.
C9H10 c k = 5 => Aren + 1 lin kt pi Ch ng phn hnh hc
C6H5 CH=CH CH3 CH = CH CH3 v tr 1 ging nh mi v tr C ng phn hnh hc => 2
C6H5 CH2 CH = CH2 CH2 CH = CH2 v tr 1 ging mi v tr
ko c p hnh hc v dng R = CH2 => 1
C6H5 C(CH3)=CH2 Ko c p hh =>1
CH2 = CH C6H4 CH3 CH2 = CH v tr 1 cn CH3 ln lt v tr 2 , 3 , 4 ko c p hh => 3
=> 7 p => A
Cu 50: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H5Br3 l:
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
C3H5Br3 c k = (2.3 5 +2 - 3)/2 = 0 => C3H5Br3 ton lin kt n Ging ankan
V 3C => khng c mch nhnh => ch cn thay i s Br => cch vit.
Br - CH2 CH(Br) CH2(Br) ; C(Br)3-CH2-CH3; CH2(Br)-C(Br)2-CH3 ; CH(Br)2-CH(Br) - CH3 ; CH(Br)2
CH2 CH2(Br) => 5 p => C
Cu 51: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H5Cl l:
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
C3H5Cl c k = (2.3 5 +2 1)/2 = 1 => anken 1 lin kt i p hnh hc hoc xicloankan 1 vng
1 lin kt i .
Cl - CH= CH CH3 c p hnh hc => 2
CH2=C(Cl)-CH3 ko c p hnh hc => 1
CH2 = CH CH2(Cl) ko c p hnh hc => 1
Mch vng: CH2 CH2
CH(CL)
=> 1
=> c 5 p => C
Cu 52: Hp cht C4H10O c s ng phn ancol v tng s ng phn l:
A. 7 v 4.
B. 4 v 7.
C. 8 v 8.
D.10 v 10.
C4H10O => k = (2.4 10 + 2)/2 = 0
p ancol no n chc : 2 n-2 n l s C; 1 < n < 6 => p ancol C4H10O l 22 = 4 => B Xem CT tnh trong file trn
p ancol no R OH => gc OH gn vo C no ;
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 OH ; CH3 CH(OH) CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(CH3) CH2 OH ;
CH3 CH2 CH(CH3) OH => 4
Dng bi CnH2n+2O c 2 loi l ancol no n chc mch h n1 v ete no n chc mch h n2
Xem trong file down load trn phn CnH2n+2O
ng phn ete O
CH3 O CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH2 O CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(CH3) O CH3 => 3
=> p C4H10O l 7 4 ancol + 3 ete
Cu 53: S lng ng phn mch h ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
C3H6O c k = (3.2 6 +2) /2 = 1 3 C => ch c mch thng
Dng bi CnH2nO c p ca
Andehit - CHO no n chc n1
Xeton CO - no n chc , mch h n 3
Ancol - OH no 1 pi , mch h n 3 Ch thng ny lin quan n k h bin ca ru
Ete O - no 1 pi , mch h n 3
Xem trong file down load
Andehit CHO ; CH3 CH2 CHO; =>1
Xeton CO : CH3 CO CH3 => 1

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

Ancol c 1pi CH2 = CH CH2 OH =>1


Tng qut : R - CH = CH OH => R CH2 CHO
Ete : CH2=CH O CH3 => 1
4 p Mi mt loi c 1 p => C
Ch khng c CH3 CH =CH OH n s b h bin to thnh andehit CH3 CH2 CHO
Khi OH gn vo C khng no lin kt i => H bin to thnh andehit
Xem Video ca nguyn tn trung v k h bin ca ru :
http://thaytro.vn/thaytro_phothong/?id_pri_book=240
Cu 54: S lng ng phn mch h ng vi cng thc phn t C4H6O2 tc dng c vi NaHCO3 l:
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
Dng cht hu c p vi NaHCO3 => CH c Axit COOH
C4H6O2 => k = (2.4 6 +2) /2 = 2 pi => c 1 pi trong hidrocacbon Ch p hnh hc
V 1 pi trong COOH
Mch h => ko c trng hp mch vng
CH2 = CH CH2 COOH ko c p hnh hc => 1
CH3 CH =CH COOH c p hnh hc => 2
CH2=C(CH2) COOH ko c p hnh hc =>1
=> 4 p tha mn => C
Cu 55: S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C4H11N l:
A. 7.
B. 8.
C. 9.
D. 10.
C4H11N => k = (2.4 -11 + 2 +1)/2 = 0 => Amin no n chc
CT tnh s p amin no n chc CnH2n+3N: 2n-1 1<n<5 => p C4H11N = 23 = 8 => B Xem file down load
Amin c p bc 1 , bc 2 , bc 3 Bc ca amin l s lin kt to thnh gia C v N
CH2(NH2) CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH(NH2) CH2 CH3 ; CH2(NH2) CH(CH3) CH3
CH3 (CH3)C(NH2) CH3; => 4 p bc 1
CH3 NH CH2 CH2 CH3 ; CH3 CH2 NH CH2 CH3 ; CH3 NH CH(CH) CH3
CH3 N(CH3) CH2 CH3
=> 8 p tha mn => B
Cu 56: Mt hp cht hu c X c khi lng phn t l 26. em t X ch thu c CO2 v H2O. CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H6.
B. C2H4.
C. C2H2.
D. CH2O.
M = 26 => Ch c C ph hp
Cu 57: Mt hp cht hu c A c M = 74. t chy A bng oxi thu c kh CO2 v H2O. C bao nhiu cng thc
phn t ph hp vi A?
A. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. A.1.
Phn ny ln xem bi ging ca Nguyn Tn trung bit thm cch tm da vo M C li gii bi ny
http://thaytro.vn/thaytro_phothong/default.aspx?id_pri_book=218
PP gii bi tp tm cng thc PT khibit khi lng phn t M
Bc 1 : t CTTQ : CxHyOzNtXuNav X l halogen ; thng l CxHyOz v cho p to ra CO2 v H2O
Thng zy bc ny ko cn X thng l Cl hoc Br
Bc 2: Lp phng trnh a s: M= 12x + y + 16z +14t + 35,5u + 23vThng l 12x + y + 16z = M *
Nu l * => Bc 1: cz < M => min gi ch ca z
Bc 2 : Xt z tm ra x v y => CTPT
iu kin ha tr vi CxHyOzNtXuNav X thng Cl , Br
0 < y 2x + 2 +t u v Thng l 0 < y 2x + 2 i vi CxHyOz
=> y lun chn
Gii bi trn
Gi CT l CxHyOz => M = 12 x + y + 16z = 74
16z < 74 => z ch c th l : 1 ; 2 ; 3; 4
Xt z = 1 12x + y = 58 => y = 58 12x
K : 0 < y 2x + 2 + t u ly t k = (2x - y + 2 t +u)/2 v k 0 do lin kt 0 => y 2x + 2 v y >
0 Do cht hu c lun c H Da vo y 2x + 2 => y lun l s chn.
y = 58 12x

Xt bng :

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

ch c x = 4 v y = 10 tha mn => C4H10O


Xt z = 2 12x + y = 42 => y = 42 12x
Ta c 0 < y 2x + 2 => 0 < 42 12x 2x + 2 2,8 x < 3,5 => x = 3 => y = 6 => C3H6O2
Xt z = 3 12x +y = 26 y = 26 12x
=> 0 < 26 12x 2x +2 1,71 x < 2,17 => x = 2 => y = 2 => C2H2O3
=> 3 cng thc tha mn => C
Cu 58: Mt hp cht hu c A c t khi so vi khng kh bng bng 2. t chy hon ton A bng kh O2 thu c
CO2 v H2O. C bao nhiu cng thc phn t ph hp vi A ?
A. 2.
B. A. 1.
C. 3.
D. 4.
D (A /kk) = MA / 29 = 2 => MA = 58
Gi CTTQ : CxHyOz => 12x + y + 16z = 58
16z < 58 => z ch c th l : 1, 2, 3
Xt z = 1 => 12x + y = 42 => y = 42 12x hay 0 < 42 12x 2x + 2 2,86 x < 3,5
=> x = 3 => y = 6 => C3H6O
Xt z = 2 => 12x + y = 26 => y = 26 12x hay 0 < 26 12x 2x + 2 1,71 x < 2,17 => x = 2
y = 2 => C2H2O2
Xt z = 3 => 12x + y = 10 => loi v x = 0
=> 2 cng thc phn t ph hp => A
Cu 59: Hp cht X c thnh phn % v khi lng : C (85,8%) v H (14,2%). Hp cht X l
A. C3H8.
B. C4H10.
C. C4H8.
D. kt qu khc.
Tm CT da vo % ca cc thnh phn SGK 11 nng cao 115 Xem qua v d SGK hiu
%C + % H = 100 % => X c CTn gin : (CxHy)n
x : y = %C / 12 : %H / 1 = 7,15 : 14,2 = 1 : 2
Mo tm ra t l nguyn 1 : 2 => Ly cc s chia cho s nh nht
=> Cng thc n gin : (CH2)n
Vi n = 4 => C Ph hp => C
Cu 60: Hp cht X c %C = 54,54% ; %H = 9,1%, cn li l oxi. Khi lng phn t ca X bng 88. CTPT ca X
l:
A. C4H10O.
B. C5H12O.
C. C4H10O2.
D. C4H8O2.
%O = 100% - %C - %H = 36,36% ; Gi CTG : (CxHyOz)n
x : y : z = %C / 12 : %H / 1 : %O / 16 = 4,545 : 9,1 : 2,2725 = 2 : 4 : 1 Chia c 2 , 2725
=> Cng thc n gin nht : (C2H4O)n
Ta c M = 88 => (12.2 + 4 + 16).n = 88 => n = 2 => CT : C4H8O2 => D
Cu 61: Phn tch hp cht hu c X thy c 3 phn khi lng cacbon li c 1 phn khi lng hiro, 7 phn khi
lng nit v 8 phn lu hunh. Trong CTPT ca X ch c 1 nguyn t S, vy CTPT ca X l
A. CH4NS.
B. C2H2N2S.
C. C2H6NS.
D. CH4N2S.
p n => X cha C, H , N , S => Gi CTG: CxHyNzSt
Chn 1 phn l 1g => mC = 3g ; mH = 1 g ; mN = 7g ; mS = 8g

mC mH mN mS
:
:
:
Ly cng thc t s mol Gi a l mol CxHyNzSt
12 1 14 32
m m m m
=> nC = ax ; nH = ay ; nN = az ; nS = at => nC : nH : nN : nS = x : y : z : t = C : H : N : S
12 1 14 32
3 1 7 8
: : : = 0,25 : 1 : 0,5 : 0,25 = 1 : 4 : 2 : 1 => CTDDGN (CH4N2S)n
=> x : y : z : t =
12 1 14 32
x:y:z:t=

V c 1 nguyn t S => n = 1 => CTPT : CH4N2S => D


Cu 62: a. Hp cht X c CTGN l CH3O. CTPT no sau y ng vi X ?
A. C3H9O3.
B. C2H6O2.
C. C2H6O.
D. CH3O.
Bi 57: i vi cht CxHyOz => y lun chn => Loi A v D ; CTGN (CH3O)n =>n = 2 => B tha mn => B
b. Cng thc thc nghim ca cht hu c c dng (CH3Cl)n th cng thc phn t ca hp cht l
A. CH3Cl.
B. C2H6Cl2.
C. C2H5Cl.
D. C3H9Cl3.
CxHyOzNtXuNav => 0 < y 2x + 2 + t u => CxHyClu => 0 < y 2x + 1
(CH3Cl)n => Xt n = 1 => y = 3 tha mn => CH3Cl ng => A
Xt n = 2 => y = 6 loi v 0 < y 5
Xt n = 3 => y = 9 loi v 0 < y 7

10

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

Cu 63: Mt hp cht hu c gm C, H, O ; trong cacbon chim 61,22% v khi lng. Cng thc phn t ca
hp cht l:
A. C3H6O2.
B. C2H2O3.
C. C5H6O2.
D. C4H10O.
Gi CTPT : CxHyOz => %C = 12x .100% / (12x + y + 16z) = 61,22% *
Cch 1 : M tng p n => C ng
Cch 2: * 7,6x = y + 16z Ly 100% chia 61,22% ng nhn cho mnh hay dng
y + 16z lun l s nguyn => 7,6x l s nguyn => x l s chia ht cho 5 => x =5 => C tha mn
=> C
Nu x = 3 => y + 16z = 22,8 Loi tng t x = 2 v x =4 nh cc p n
Cu 64: Cht hu c X c M = 123 v khi lng C, H, O v N trong phn t theo th t t l vi
72 : 5 : 32 : 14. CTPT ca X l:
A. C6H14O2N.
B. C6H6ON2.
C. C6H12ON.
D. C6H5O2N.
Cch 1 tnh M cc p n => Ch c D : C6H5O2N c M = 123 => D ng
Cch 2:
AD bi 61 : Gi CTG: (CxHyOzNt)n
T l 72 : 5 : 32 : 14 => mC = 72 ; mH = 5 ; mO = 32 ; mN = 14
x:y:z:t=

mC mH mO mN
:
:
:
= 6 : 5 : 2 : 1 => (C6H5O2N)n
12 1 16 14

M = 123 = (12.6 + 5 + 32 + 14).n => n = 1 => C6H5O2N => D


Cu 65: t chy hon ton 0,6 gam hp cht hu c X ri cho sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d
thy c 2 gam kt ta v khi lng bnh tng thm 1,24 gam. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 15. CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H6O.
B. CH2O.
C. C2H4O.
D. CH2O2.
Phng php gii : Tm khi lng tng nguyn t trong X C , H , O
Cch tm:
1- Xac nh khoi lng C: Khoi lng C c xac nh qua cac san pham chay
( Khoi lng, the tch)
Trong cac bai tap thng cho san pham chay la CO2 dang the tch hay khoi lng
Mot so trng hp dung dung dich kiem hap thu san pham chay th thng co hai
trng hp
a) Qua Ca(OH)2 , Ba(OH)2 d thu c ket tua hay khoi lng bnh tang ta co : khoi
lng bnh tang bang khoi lng CO2 va so mol ket tua bang so mol CO2
b) Khi khong cho d kien d th thng co 2 trng hp xay ra :
Trng hp 1: d kiem th n = nCO2
Trng hp 2: CO2 d th co ket tua sau o ket tua tan mot phan :Lap he cho nCO2
va nOH
nCO32- n = nOH-2nCa(OH)2 - nCO2
nHCO3- = nCO2 nCO32-

ADCT :

nC =

mCO2
44

VCO2
22,4

mC = nC .12 Hay mC =

mCO2
44

12 =

VCO2
22,4

12

2- Xac nh khoi lng H thong qua cac san pham chay : Khoi lng H2O
Trong mot so trng hp dung chat hap thu H2O : CaCl2, P2O5, H2SO4 ac ... th khoi
lng bnh tang la khoi lng nc thu c

nH2O =

mH2O
18

nH = nH2O .2

* Trong trng hp d kien cho hap thu toan bo san pham chay vao dung dch ...
d th khoi lng bnh tang : m gam th khoi lng nay chnh la khoi lng CO2 va
khoi lng nc
* Trong trng hp d kien cho: hap thu toan bo san pham chay vao dung dch ...
d thu c m gam ket tua ong thi khoi lng dung dch giam n gam: Th nCO2 = n
va m - ( mH2O + mCO2 )= mgiam
Nen t ay ta co: mH2O = m - (mgiam - mCO2 )
3- Xac nh khoi lng N: Thng trong bai toan ot th Nit giai phong dang N2

11

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

phng phap xac nh thng cho san pham i qua chat hap thu nc, CO2 sau o
thu kh con lai la N2 hoac hon hp N2 va O2 d nen tuy trng hp ma tnh toan

nN2 =

VN0 2
22,4

nN = 2. nN2 mN = nN.14 = nN2 .28

4- Xac nh nguyen to O: Thng c xac nh qua phan tch nh lng hay da


vao bao toan khoi lng
mO = m (mC + mH + mN + ...) Neu mO = 0 th hp chat khong co O, khac 0 th hp
chat co cha O
Gii bi trn :
Sn phm chy vo Ca(OH)2 d => nCO2 = nkt ta CaCO3 = 0,02 mol P CO2 + Ca(OH)2 =>CaCO3 + H2O
=> mC = nCO2 . 12 = 0,24g
* Trong trng hp d kien cho hap thu toan bo san pham chay vao dung dch ...
d th khoi lng bnh tang : m gam th khoi lng nay chnh la khoi lng CO2 va
khoi lng nc
=> mCO2 + mH2O = 1,24 g => mH2O = 1,24 mCO2 = 1,24 0,02.44 = 0,36 g => mH = nH2O . 2 = 0,04 g
=> mO = mX mC mH = 0,6 0,24 0,04 = 0,32 g
=> x : y : z = mC / 12 : mH / 1 : mO / 16 = 0,02 : 0,04 : 0,02 = 1 : 2 : 1 => CTG : (CH2O)n
Ta c M = 15.2 = 30 T khi vi H2 = 15 => n = 1 => CH2O => B
Cu 66: Khi t 1 lt kh X cn 6 lt O2 thu c 4 lt CO2 v 5 lt hi H2O (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit
, p sut). CTPT ca X l:
A. C4H10O.
B. C4H8O2.
C. C4H10O2.
D. C3H8O.
p n => X l CxHyOz T l th tch = t l s mol v cng iu kin nhit , p sut Nh CT
n kh = P.V / T.0,082 Vi P l p sut tnh theo atm , V l th tch tnh theo lt , T l K = C + 273
PT :
CxHyOz + (x + y /4 z /2) O2 => x CO2 + y/2H2O
Theo PT
1 mol
(x + y/4 z/2) mol
x mol
y/2 mol
Theo bi
1 mol
6 mol
4mol
5mol
=> x = 4 ; y = 10 T l hay nhn cho Th vo x + y/4 z/2 = 6 4 + 10/4 z/2 = 6 => z = 1
=> CT : C4H10O
Rt ra CT : => x = nCO2 / nX ; y = 2nH2O / nX Lun ng Ci ny n gin l bo ton nguyn t C v H
hoc x = VCO2 / VX ; y = 2VH2O / VX
x + y /4 z/2 = VO2 / VX = nO2 / nX
Cu 67: t chy hon ton 3 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 4,4 gam CO2 v 1,8 gam H2O. Bit t khi ca X so
vi He (MHe = 4) l 7,5. CTPT ca X l:
A. CH2O2.
B. C2H6.
C. C2H4O.
D. CH2O.
AD bi 65: mC = nCO2 . 12 = 1,2 g ; mH = nH2O . 2 =0,2 g
mO = 3 1,2 0,2 = 1,6g
x : y : z = 1,2 / 12 : 0,2 /1 : 1,6 /16 = 0,1 : 0,2 : 0,1 = 1 : 2 : 1 => CTG : (CH2O)n
V MX = 7,5.4 = 30 => n = 1 => X l CH2O => D
Cu 68: t chy 1 lt hi hirocacbon vi mt th tch khng kh (lng d). Hn hp kh thu c sau khi hi H2O
ngng t c th tch l 18,5 lt, cho qua dung dch KOH d cn 16,5 lt, cho hn hp kh i qua ng ng photpho d
th cn li 16 lt. Xc nh CTPT ca hp cht trn bit cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut v O2
chim 1/5 khng kh, cn li l N2.
A. C2H6.
B. C2H4.
C. C3H8.
D. C2H2.
Hidrocabon => CxHy hoc t p n
PT : CxHy + (x + y/4)O2 => xCO2 + y/2H2O AD CT 66
Phn tch 18,5 lt ch cha CO2 v khng kh V H2O b ngng t
16,5 lt ch cha khng kh V CO2 b hp th bi kim => V CO2 = 18,5 16,5 = 2 lt
=> x = VCO2 / VX = 2
16 lt l N2 V O2 b hp th bi P d P P + O2 => P2O5 => VO2 d = 16,5 16 = 0,5 lt
16 lt N2 => V khng kh = 16.5 / 4 = 20 lt V N2 chim 4 /5 do oxi chim 1/5
=> V O2 ban u = 4 lt => VO2 p = VO2 ban u VO2 d = 4 0,5 = 3,5 lt
=> x + y/ 4 = VO2 p / VX = 3,5 = 2 + y/4 => y = 6 => C2H6 => A

12

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

Cu 69: t 0,15 mol mt hp cht hu c thu c 6,72 lt CO2 (ktc) v 5,4 gam H2O. Mt khc t 1 th tch hi
cht cn 2,5 th tch O2. Cc th tch o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. CTPT ca hp cht l:
A. C2H6O2.
B. C2H6O.
C. C2H4O2.
D. C2H4O.
AD CT bi 66: => x = nCO2 / nX = 0,3 / 0,15 = 2 ; y = 2nH2O / nX = 0,6 / 0,15 = 4
t 1 th tch hi cht cn 2,5 th tch O2 => x + y/4 z/2 = VO2 /VX = 2,5
2 + 4/4 z/2 = 2,5 => z = 1 => C2H4O => D
Cu 70: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X (C, H, N) bng lng khng kh va (gm 1/5 th tch O2, cn
li l N2) c kh CO2 , H2O v N2. Cho ton b sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy c 39,4
gam kt ta, khi lng dung dch gim i 24,3 gam. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 34,72 lt (ktc). Bit

dX O

< 2.

CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H7N.
B. C2H8N.
C. C2H7N2.
D. C2H4N2.
AD bi 65:
Trong trng hp d kien cho: hap thu toan bo san pham chay vao dung dch ... d
thu c m gam ket tua ong thi khoi lng dung dch giam n gam: Th nCO2 = n va
m - ( mH2O + mCO2 )= mgiam
Nen t ay ta co: mH2O = m - (mgiam +mCO2)
Cho ton b sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thy c 39,4 gam kt ta, khi lng dung dch
gim i 24,3 gam
=> nCO2 = nBaCO3 Kt ta = 0,2 mol P CO2 + Ba(OH)2 => BaCO3 + H2O => nC = nCO2 = 0,2
=> mH2O = m - (mgiam +mCO2) = 39,4 (24,3 + 0,2.44) = 6,3g => nH2O = 0,35 mol => nH
= 0,7
PT p CxHyNt +(x + y/4)O2 => xCO2 + y/2H2O + t/2N2
34,72 lt gm N2 trong khng kh v N2 to thnh do p .
BT nguyn t Oxi trc v sau p => 2nO2 p = 2nCO2 + nH2O =2.0,2 + 0,35 =0,75
=> nO2 p = 0,375 mol => VO2 p = 8,4 lt => VN2 trong kk = 4VO2 = 33,6 lt
V O2 chim 1/5; N chim 4/5 => VN2 to thnh sau p = 34,72 33,6 = 1,12 lt => nN2 =0,05 mol => mol N
= 0,1 mol
x : y : t = nC : nH : nN = 0,2 : 0,7 : 0,1 = 2 : 7 : 1 => (C2H7N)n => n = 1 p n 2C => A ng
Cu 71: Oxi ha hon ton 4,02 gam mt hp cht hu c X ch thu c 3,18 gam Na2CO3 v 0,672 lt kh CO2.
CTGN ca X l:
A. CO2Na.
B. CO2Na2.
C. C3O2Na.
D. C2O2Na.
Cch 1: Ly 4,02 chia cho M tng p n S mol p nht th chn 1 p 3 ko p => 1 p ng
Mo ny nhm loi i cc p n sai
A.CO2Na c M = 67 => chia p 0,06 mol => A d ng
B.CO2Na2 c M = 90 => Chia l => Loi
Tng t C . D u chia l => 1 p 3 l => 1 ng => A ng.
p n => X cha C,O,Na => Gi CTGN: (CxOyNaz)n
AD BT nguyn t C => nC = nNa2CO2 + nCO2 = 0,03 + 0,03 = 0,06 mol
nNa= 2nNa2CO3 = 0,06 mol
mO = mX mC mNa = 4,02 0,06.12 0,06.23 = 1,92 => nO = 0,12mol
x : y : z = nC : nO2 : nNa = 0,06 : 0,12 : 0,06 = 1 : 2 : 1 => CTGN: CO2Na => A
Cu 72: t chy hon ton mt hirocacbon trong 0,5 lt hn hp ca n vi CO2 bng 2,5 lt O2 thu c 3,4 lt kh.
Hn hp ny sau khi ngng t ht hi nc cn 1,8 lt, tip tc cho hn hp kh cn li qua dung dch kim d th cn
li 0,5 lt kh. Cc th tch c o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. CTPT ca hirocacbon l:
A. C4H10.
B. C3H8.
C. C4H8.
D. C3H6.
Hn hp 3,4 lt kh gm O2 d C th c ; CO2To thnh + d v H2O
1,8 lt l CO2 v O2 d v H2O b ngng t => VH2O = 3,4 1,8 = 1,6 lt
0,5 lt kh l O2d v CO2 b kim d hp th => VCO2 sau p = 1,8 0,5 = 1,3 lt
=> V O2 p = 2 lt Ch c hidrocabon CxHy p vi O2
Gi a , b ln lt l VCxHy v CO2 trc p
a + b = 0,5 lt
(1)
(x +y/4) = VO2 p /VCxHy = 2 / a a (x + y/4) = 2
(2) CT bi 66
VCO2 sau p = x. VCxHy + VCO2 trc p = xa + b = 1,3 lt
=>ax = 1,3 - b
(3) BTNT C
y = 2VH2O / VCxHy = 3,2 / a ay = 3,2
(4) BTNT H

13

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

Ly 3 , 4 th vo 2 => b = 0,1 th vo 1 => a = 0,4 => th vo 3 v 4 => x = 3 ; y = 8 => C3H8 => B


Cu 73: t chy hon ton 1,605 gam hp cht hu c A thu c 4,62 gam CO2 ; 1,215 gam H2O v 168 ml N2
(ktc). T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh khng vt qu 4. Cng thc phn t ca A l:
A. C5H5N.
B. C6H9N.
C. C7H9N.
D. C6H7N.
Cch 1: Ly 1,605 chia cho M ca tng cht: S mol p nht th ly
A.C5H5N c M = 79 => Chia qu xu => Loi
B.C6H9N c M = 95 => Chia qu xu => Loi
C.C7H9N c M = 107 => Chia qu p => Tha mn
D.C6H7N c M = 93 => Chia qu xu => Loi
Cch ny c th gii nhanh nu cha bit hng gii tc gi t khi cho s liu l
p n => Cht hu c A gm C , H , N => Gi CTGN : (CxHyNt)n
nC = nCO2 = 0,105 mol ; nH = 2nH2O = 0,135 mol ; nN = 2nN2 = 0,015 mol ADCT bi 65
x : y : t = nC : nH : nN = 0,105 : 0,135 : 0,015 = 7 : 9 :1 => CTGN : (C7H9N)n
Do MA < 116 V t khi so vi kk < 4 => n = 1 => CTPT A: C7H9N
Cu 74: Oxi ha hon ton 6,15 gam hp cht hu c X thu c 2,25 gam H2O ; 6,72 lt CO2 v 0,56 lt N2 (kc).
Phn trm khi lng ca C, H, N v O trong X ln lt l:
A. 58,5% ; 4,1% ; 11,4% ; 26%.
B. 48,9% ; 15,8% ; 35,3% ; 0%.
C. 49,5% ; 9,8% ; 15,5% ; 25,2%.
D. 59,1 % ; 17,4% ; 23,5% ; 0%.
mC = nCO2 . 12 = 3,6 g => %C = 3,6.100% / 6,15 = 58,5% => A Mi A c %C tha mn => A
mH = 2nH2O .1 ; mN = 2nN2.14 ; mOxi = mX mC mH mN => %
Cu 75: Phn tch 0,31gam hp cht hu c X ch cha C, H, N to thnh 0,44 gam CO2. Mt khc, nu phn tch
0,31 gam X ton b N trong X chuyn thnh NH3 ri dn NH3 va to thnh vo 100 ml dung dch H2SO4 0,4M th
phn axit d c trung ha bi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 1,4M. Bit 1 lt hi cht X (ktc) nng 1,38 gam. CTPT ca
X l:
A. CH5N.
B. C2H5N2.
C. C2H5N.
D. CH6N.
Cch 1: ly 0,31 chia cho M tng p n
VD : CH5N c M = 31 => ra s qu p => Tha mn => A
C2H5N2 c M = 57 => Chia qu xu => Loi ; Tng t C2H5N c M = 43 ; CH6N c M = 32
Cch 2: 1 lt hi X (ktc) nng 1,38g => nX = 1 / 22,4 => MX = 1,38 / (1/22,4) = 31 => A tha mn
A
NH3 p va vi 0,005 mool H2SO4 V 0,035 molH2SO4 b trung ha bi 0,07 mol NaOH
H+ +OH - =>H2O => nNH3 = 2nH2SO4 = 0,01 mol = nN 2NH3 + H2SO4 => (NH4)2SO4
nC = nCO2 = 0,01 mol => mH = mX mC mN = 0,31 0,01.12 0,01.14 = 0,05 g => nH = 0,05
x : y : z = nC : nH : nN = 0,01 : 0,05 : 0,01 = 1 : 5 : 1 => CTG : (CH5N)n
p n => n = 1 tha mn A . CH5N
Cu 76: t chy 200 ml hi mt hp cht hu c X cha C, H, O trong 900 ml O2, th tch hn hp kh thu c l
1,3 lt. Sau khi ngng t hi nc ch cn 700 ml. Tip theo cho qua dung dch KOH d ch cn 100 ml kh bay ra.
Cc th tch kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. CTPT ca Y l:
A. C3H6O.
B. C3H8O2.
C. C3H8O.
D. C3H6O2.
1,3 lt hn hp thu c l O2 C th d + CO2To thnh + H2O To thnh
Ngng t hi nc con 700 ml => VH2O = 1,3 0,7 = 0,6 lt => y = 2VH2O / VX = 6 AD bi 66
Cho qua KOH cn 100ml kh O2 d CO2 b hp th => VCO2 = 0,7 0,1 = 0,6 lt
x = VCO2 / VX = 3
V O2 p = 0,9 0,1 = 0,8 => x + y/4 z/2 = VO2 / VX = 4 3 + 6/4 z/2 = 4 z = 1
CT PT : C3H6O => A
Cu 77: Phn tch 1,5 gam cht hu c X thu c 1,76 gam CO2 ; 0,9 gam H2O v 112 ml N2 o 0oC v 2 atm. Nu
ha hi cng 1,5 gam cht X 127o C v 1,64 atm ngi ta thu c 0,4 lt kh cht X. CTPT ca X l:
A. C2H5ON.
B. C6H5ON2.
C. C2H5O2N.
D. C2H6O2N.
nC = nCO2 = 0,04 mol ; nH = 2nH2O = 0,1 mol ;
nN = 2nN2 = 2. P.V / T.0,082 =2. (2.0,112 / 273.0,082) = 0,02 mol P l p sut atm V l th tch lt T l K =
C + 273
mO = mX mC mH mN = 1,5 0,04.12 0,1.1 0,02.14 = 0,64 g => nO = 0,04 mol
x : y : z : t = nC : nH : nO : nN = 0,04 : 0,1 : 0,04 : 0,02 = 2 : 5 : 2 : 12
CTGN : (C2H5O2N)n => p n ch c C tha mn vi n =1 => C
Hoc da vo d kin : hi cng 1,5 gam cht X 127o C v 1,64 atm ngi ta thu c 0,4 lt kh cht X

14

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

nX = P.V/T.0,082 = (1,64.0,4 / (127+273).0,082) = 0,02 mol


=> MX = 1,5/0,02 = 75 = (12.2 + 4 + 16.2+14).n => n = 1 => C
Cu 78: t chay hoan toan mt th tich hi hp cht hu c A cn 10 th tich oxi (o cung iu kin nhit v p
sut), san phm thu c chi gm CO2 va H2O vi mCO2 : mH2O = 44 : 9. Bit MA < 150. A co cng thc phn t la:
A. C4H6O.
B. C8H8O.
C. C8H8.
D. C2H2.
Cch 1 : Mo bi 1 th tch hi hp cht hu c A cn 10 th tch Oxi => x + y/4 z/2 = VO2 / VX = 10
Th tng p n:
A.C4H6O => x =4 ; y = 6 ; z = 1 => x + y/4 z/2 = 5 #10 Loi
B.C8H8O => x = 8 ; y = 8 ; z =1 => x + y/4 z/2 = 9,5#10 Loi
C.C8H8 => x = 8 ; y = 8 ; z = 0 => x + y/4 z/2 = 10 => Tha mn => C
Tng t D loi
Cch 2:
1 th tch hi hp cht hu c A cn 10 th tch Oxi => x + y/4 z/2 = 10
mCO2 : mH2O = 44 : 9 =>Chn : mCO2 = 44g =>nCO2 = 1 => mH2O = 9g => nH2O = 0,5
x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 1 : 1 => Loi p n A
Th tng p n nh cch 1 .
Cu 79: Cho 400 ml mt hn hp gm nit v mt hirocacbon vo 900 ml oxi (d) ri t. Th tch hn hp thu
c sau khi t l 1,4 lt. Sau khi cho nc ngng t cn 800 ml hn hp, ngi ta cho li qua dung dch KOH thy
cn 400 ml kh. Cc th tch kh u o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Cng thc phn t ca cht hu c l:
A. C3H8.
B. C2H4.
C. C2H2.
D. C2H6.
Tng t bi 76 => VH2O b ngng t = 1,4 0,8 = 0,6 lt ;
V CO2 b hp th = 0,8 0,4 = 0,4 lt
Mo: p n => CTPT : CxHy V ch cha C v H => x :y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O hay VCO2 : 2VH2O = 0,4 :
1,2 = 1 : 3 => CTGN : (CH3)n => vi n = 2 => C2H6 => D Ch D tha mn t l 1 : 3
Mo khc. Ta c VH2O = 0,6 lt ; VCO2 = 0,4 lt v Vhidrocacbon < 0,4 lt
Vhidrocabon = 0,2 lt Bi s chung ca VH2O v VCO2 Hoc l s VH2O v VCO2 chia ht
x = VCO2 / VX = 0,4 / 0,2 = 2 ; y = 2VH2O / VX = 2.0,6 / 0,2 = 6 => C2H6
Cu 80: t chy 0,282 gam hp cht hu c X, cho sn phm i qua cc bnh ng CaCl2 khan v KOH d. Thy
bnh ng CaCl2 tng thm 0,194 gam cn bnh ng KOH tng thm 0,8 gam. Mt khc nu t chy 0,186 gam cht
X th thu c 22,4 ml kh N2 ( ktc). Bit rng hp cht X ch cha mt nguyn t nit. Cng thc phn t ca hp
cht X l:
A. C6H6N2.
B. C6H7N.
C. C6H9N.
D. C5H7N.
X cha 1 N => Loi A Nu bn ko bit cch lm c th loi p n ri chn ba => tng kh nng ng
Xem li bi 65 => Bnh ng CaCl2 tng = mH2O = 0,194 => nH = 2nH2O = 0,02155
Bnh ng KOH tng = mCO2 = 0,8g => nC = nCO2 = 0,0182
Mo => x : y = nC : nH = 0,0182 : 0,0216 ~ 6 : 7 => B tha mn V s x : y =6 : 7
Bi ny s liu ko ng lm
0,186 g => 22,4 ml kh N2 => 0,282 => 33,96 ml Nhn cho
a ==> b
c ==> d Chng c t l => a.d = b.c
=> nN => tm ra t l 6 : 7 : 1 => B ng :V c 1 N
Cu 81: t chy hon ton hp cht hu c cha C, H, Cl sinh ra 0,22 gam CO2, 0,09 gam H2O. Mt khc khi xc
nh clo trong hp cht bng dung dch AgNO3 ngi ta thu c 1,435 gam AgCl. T khi hi ca hp cht so vi
hiro bng 42,5. Cng thc phn t ca hp cht l:
A. CH3Cl.
B. C2H5Cl.
C. CH2Cl2.
D. C2H4Cl2.
Cch 1: Mo : bi t khi hi ca hp cht so vi hidro bng 42,5 => MX = 42,5 . 2 = 85
Ch c p n C c M = 85 => C
Cch 2:
Gi CTH : (CxHyClz)n
nC = nCO2 = 0,005 mol ; nH = 2nHO = 0,01 mol => x : y = nC : nH = 0,005 : 0,01 = 1 : 2 => Loi p n A , B
C thm chn ba 50 : 50
Ta c nCl = nAgCl = 0,01 mol BT nguyn t Cl => x : y : z = 0,005 : 0,01 : 0,01 = 1 : 2 : 2 => CTGN :
(CH2Cl2)n => n = 1 Da vo M = 85 cch ny ch lm t lun => C ng
Cu 82: t chy hon ton 0,4524 gam hp cht A sinh ra 0,3318 gam CO2 v 0,2714 gam H2O. un nng 0,3682
gam cht A vi vi ti xt chuyn tt c nit trong A thnh amoniac, ri dn kh NH3 vo 20 ml dung dch H2SO4

15

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

0,5 M. trung ho axit cn d sau khi tc dng vi NH3 cn dng 7,7 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Bit MA= 60. Cng
thc phn t ca A l:
A. CH4ON2.
B. C2H7N.
C. C3H9N.
D. CH4ON.
T li gii cc phn trn => By gi mnh s vit tt rt ngn thi gian nh li gii Cm n
Mnh quy c x : y = nC : nH Lun lun vy
Cch 1 : Mo => cho MA = 60 => Ch c p n A c M = 60 => A
Cch 2:
x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 1 : 4 S liu l => dng my tnh => t l = 0,25 hay 1 : 4
=> Ch c A v D c t l C : H l 1 : 4 => Da vo MA = 60
V bi cho s liu nCO2 v nH2O l => mnh gii tt ; bn no thch gii theo t lun c th theo gii bi 75 Bi
tng t p vi H2SO4 v trung ha bng NaOH => tm c nN = nNH3 => mO = mX mC mH mN => ri t t
l v da vo MA = 60 => p n
Cu 83*: t chy hon ton 0,01 mol cht hu c X cn va 0,616 lt O2. Sau th nghim thu c hn hp sn
phm Y gm : CO2, N2 v hi H2O. Lm lnh ngng t hi H2O ch cn 0,56 lt hn hp kh Z (c t khi hi vi
H2 l 20,4). Bit th tch cc kh u o ktc. Cng thc phn t X l:
A. C2H5ON.
B. C2H5O2N.
C. C2H7O2N.
D. A hoc C.
p n => X ch cha 1N => nN2 to ra = nX / 2 BT nguyn t N = 0,005 mol
VCO2 = 0,56 VN2 = 0,56 0,005.22,4 = 0,448 mol V lm lnh H2O => 0,56 lt gm CO2 v N2
Hoc c th tm VCO2 v VN2 thng qua d kin 0,56 lt hn hp kh Z c t khi H2 l 20,4
Bng vic t x , y ln lt l s mol CO2 v N2 => x + y = 0,56 / 22,4 = 0,025
V MZ = 20,4.2 = (mCO2 + mN2) / (x + y) 40,8 = (44x + 28y) / 0,025 => Gii h => nh mo.
nCO2 = 0,02 mol => x = nCO2 / nX = 2 Hoc da vo cc p n => x = 2
Mt khc ta c : x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nX = 2,75 - Ta c x = 2
y / 4 z/2 = 0,75 : p n => z =1 hoc z = 2 V c 1 Oxi hoc 2 Oxi
Vi z = 1 => y = 5 ; z = 2 => y = 7 => A v C u ng => D
Hoc ta c y/4 z/2 = 0,75 y 2z = 3 y = 2z + 3 hay 0 < 2z + 3 2x + 2 + t
Xem li bi 57 CT : CxHyOzNt t mo => x = 2 v t = 1
=> 0 < 2z + 3 7 => 0<z 2 => xt z = 1 => y = 5 ; z = 2 => y =7 => D
Cu 84: X la mt ancol no, mach h. t chay 0,05 mol X cn 4 gam oxi. X co cng thc l:
A. C3H5(OH)3.
B. C3H6(OH)2.
C. C2H4(OH)2.
D. C4H8(OH)2.
Mo Xem video ca Nguyn Tn Trung bit thm mo link ny : http://thaytro.vn/thaytro_phothong/?
id_pri_book=357
i vi dng bi ton ancol no c s C bng s nhm OH CTTQ: CnH2n+2 - n(OH)n ca ru m khi cho nX
v nO2
Nu ta ly nO2 / nX = n + 0,5 ; => Nu chia nO2 / nX = 2,5 => C2H4(OH)2 ; = 3,5 => C3H5(OH)3
Ta c nO2 / nX = 2,5 => X c cng thc C2H4(OH)2
Cng thc rt ra t p : khi s C bng nhm OH => s C bng s O
CT TQ: CnH2n+2On V ancol nol
PT : CnH2n+2On + (2n+1)/2O2 => nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
nO2 / nCnH2n+2On = (2n+1)/2 = n + 0,5
Khng c th dng mo c : Ta c x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nX
Thay tng p n.
=> C : C2H6O2 c x = 2 ; y = 6 ; z = 2 => x + y/4 z/2 = 2,5 Tha mn => C ng
Cu 85: Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 16,80 lt kh CO2 ; 2,80 lt N2 (cc th tch o ktc)
v 20,25 gam H2O. CTPT ca X l:
A. C4H9N.
B. C3H7N.
C. C2H7N.
D. C3H9N.
Amin n chc X CnH2n+3N Xem SGK 12 bi amin =>Thnh phn c C, H , N
Hoc da vo p n cc p n u c C , H , N => CTGN : (CxHyOz)n
x : y : z = nC : nH : nN = nCO2 : 2nH2O : 2nN2 = 0,75 : 2,25 : 0,25 = 3 : 9 : 1 => D tha mn t l
Hoc ch cn tm t l x : y bng my tnh ly nCO2 : 2nH2O = 1 : 3 => D tha mn
Cu 86: t chy hon ton m gam mt amin X bng lng khng kh va thu c 17,6 gam CO2,
12,6 gam H2O v 69,44 lt N2 (ktc). Gi thit khng kh ch gm N2 v O2 trong oxi chim 20% th tch
khng kh. X c cng thc l:
A. C2H5NH2.
B. C3H7NH2.
C. CH3NH2.
D. C4H9NH2

16

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

nhanh cc p n t l C : H u khc nhau


Bm vo => x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 0,4 : 1,4 = 2 : 7 => A tha mn . A.C2H7N
Gii t lun : Ta lun c 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O Bo ton nguyn t Oxi trc v sau p
nO2 p = (2nCO2 + nH2O)/2 = (2.0,4 + 0,7)/2 = 0,75 mol => VO2 p = 16,8 lt => VN2 trong khng kh =
4VO2 = 67,2 lt Lun ng t l VO2 / VN2 = 1 / 4 V O2 chim 20%, N chim 80%
VN2 to thnh = 69,44 67,2 = 2,24 lt => nN => x : y : t = 2 : 7 : 1 =>A tha mn
Cu 87: Trong mt binh kin cha hi este no n chc h A va mt lng O2 gp i lng O2 cn thit t chay
ht A nhit 140oC va ap sut 0,8 atm. t chay hoan toan A ri a v nhit ban u, ap sut trong binh luc
nay la 0,95 atm. A co cng thc phn t la:
A. C2H4O2.
B. C3H6O2.
C. C4H8O2.
D. C5H10O2.
Este no n chc => CT : CnH2nO2 Hoc da vo p n
PT :
CnH2nO2 + (3n-2)/2O2 => nCO2 + nH2O ; Mo chn 1 mol CnH2nO2
Ban u
1mol
3n 2 mol V ly gp i lng p
P:
1 mol => (3n-2)/2 mol => n mol nmol
Sau p:
(3n-2)/2 mol
n mol n mol
Hay mol hn hp ban u = nCnH2nO2 + nO2 ban u = 1 + 3n 2 = 3n 1 = P1.V/T.0,082
Mol hn hp sau p = nO2d + nCO2 + nH2O = (3n-2)/2 + n + n = 3,5n 1 = P2 .V/T0,082
V trc v sau p ng bng nhau v cng trong 1 bnh kn , T nhit ging nhau v a v nhit ban u
(3n 1) / (3,5n 1) = P1 / P2 = 0,8 / 0,95 n = 3 => C3H6O2 => B
Dng bi c p sut ban u v sau p
CT : n hn hp trc / n hn hp sau p = P1.V1.T2 / P2.V2.T1 Ly tng qut ko cng iu kin
Cu 88: t chy hon ton 0,12 mol cht hu c X mch h cn dng 10,08 lt kh O 2 (ktc). Dn ton b sn phm
chy (gm CO2, H2O v N2) qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 d, thy khi lng bnh tng 23,4 gam v c 70,92
gam kt ta. Kh thot ra khi bnh c th tch 1,344 lt (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C2H5O2N.
B. C3H5O2N.
C. C3H7O2N.
D. C2H7O2N.
Cch gii ging bi 65.
* Trong trng hp d kien cho hap thu toan bo san pham chay vao dung dch ...
d th khoi lng bnh tang : m gam th khoi lng nay chnh la khoi lng CO2 va
khoi lng nc
=> m tng = mCO2 + mH2O = 23,4 g V nCO2 = nBaCO3kt ta = 0,36 mol CO2 + Ba(OH)2 => BaCO3 +
H2O hay nC = nCO2 = 0,36 mol hoc x = nCO2 / nX = 0,36 / 0,12 = 3
=> mH2O = 23,4 0,36.44= 7,56 => nH = 2nH2O = 0,84 mol => y = nH / nX = 7
Mo : x : y = nC : nH = 0,36 : 0,84 = 3 : 7 => C tha mn t l C : H => C
Gii bnh thng : kh thot ra l N2 => nN = 2nN2 = 2 . 1,344/22,4 = 0,12 => t = nN / nX = 1
Ta c x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nX = 3,75 vi x = 3 ; y = 7 => z = 2 => C3H7O2N => C
Cu 89: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol cht X cn 6,16 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 13,44 lt (ktc) hn hp CO2, N2 v
hi nc. Sau khi ngng t ht hi nc, cn li 5,6 lt kh (ktc) c t khi so vi hiro l 20,4. Cng thc phn t
ca X l:
A. C2H7O2N.
B. C3H7O2N.
C. C3H9O2N.
D. C4H9N.
Ging y ht bi 83. T lm nh bi ny thm nhiu d kin hn
T d kin 13,44 lt ngng t => 5,6 lt => VH2O => y = 2nH2O / nX = 7 => A v B ng
Gii 5,6 lt kh ktc c t khi => tm ra nCO2 = 0,2 => x = 2 => ch c A ng
Gii t lun c th da vo x + y/4 z/2 = nO2/nX v t = 2nN2 / nX
Cu 90: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol mt ancol mch h ba ln cha mt lin kt ba trong gc hirocacbon thu c
0,6 mol CO2. Cng thc phn t ca ancol l:
A. C6H14O3.
B. C6H12O3.
C. C6H10O3.
D. C6H8O3.
Xem li cch xc nh CTPT bi 36 cch 2. CnH2n+2 2aOz Vi a l tng s lin kt pi + vng
Ancol c 3 chc => 3 nhm OH => c 3 Oxi ; 1 lin kt 3 => c 2 lin kt pi
CnH2n+2 2.2O3 hay CnH2n-2O3
n = nCO2 / nX = 6 => C6H10O3 => C
Cu 91: t chy hon ton 1,18 gam cht Y (CxHyN) bng mt lng khng kh va . Dn ton b hn hp kh
sau phn ng vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 6 gam kt ta v c 9,632 lt kh (ktc) duy nht thot ra
khi bnh. Bit khng kh cha 20% oxi v 80% nit v th tch. Cng thc phn t ca Y l:
A. C2H7N.
B. C3H9N.
C. C4H11N.
D. C4H9N.
Mo ly 1,18 chia cho M tng p n Tm s mol p nht

17

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

A.C2H7N c M = 45 => Chia l => Loi


B.C3H9N c M = 59 => chia p => Tha mn
C.C4H11N v D.C4H9N u chia l => B ng.
Gii t lun + mo.
nC = nCO2 = nCaCO3 (kt ta) = 0,06 mol CO2 + Ca(OH)2 => CaCO3 + H2O
Cu ny phi bin lun hoc thay p n cht.
Gi a l s mol ca CxHyN
Ta c x = nCO2 / nCxHyN = 0,06 / a => a = 0,06/x => MCxHyN = 1,18/(0,06/x) = 12x + y + 14
59x / 3 = 12x + y + 14 23x/3 = y + 14 (I) => x = 3 C th s chia ht cho 3
V y + 14 nguyn => 23x/3 nguyn => Theo p n x = 3 Ko c x = 6 , 9 ,12 .
B Khng c th thay p n vo . A.C2H7N => x = 2 v y=7 => Thay vo thy khc.
B. x = 3 v y = 9 tha mn .
Hoc c th bin lun
0 < y = 23x / 3 14 2x + 2 + t CxHyNt Xem li bi 57

0 < 23x / 3 14 2x + 3 1,83 < y 3 => y = 2 v y = 3


Th y = 2 vo ra x l loi x , y lun nguyn
y = 3 => x = 9 tha mn => B
Hoc da vo 9,632 lt l kh N2 to thnh + kh N2 trong khng kh => n hn hp = 0,43
Ta c x + y/4 = nO2/nCxHyN => nO2 = (x+y/4) . nCxHyN = (x + y/4).a
nN2 trong khng kh = 4nO2 = (4x + y)a Cng thc
BT nguyn t N trc v sau p : nCxHyN = 2nN2 nN2 = a / 2
=> (x+y/4)a + a/2 = 0,43 (II) Ci ny ch hiu bi ny khng cn
Bin lun PT I v II mnh cng ko r lm ch m x = 3 hi
Cu 92: Phn tch 1,47 gam cht hu c Y (C, H, O) bng CuO th thu c 2,156 gam CO 2 v lng CuO gim
1,568 gam. CTGN ca Y l:
A. CH3O. (31)
B. CH2O. (30)
C. C2H3O. (43) D. C2H3O2. (59)
Cch 1: Ly 1,47 chia cho cc p n => B chia p => B ng Cch ny mnh dng ton ng v thng loi c
2 nghim chia l , 3 nghim => thm 1 d kin na chc chn hn
Nu B => CH2O => nCH2O = nCO2 BT nguyn t C = 0,049 mol Tha mn => B ng
D kin ny cng c ci mo trn
Cch 2: Phn tch : CxHyOz => CO2 + H2O Bng CuO SGK 11 nng cao 112
BT khi lng trc v sau p : mCxHyOz + mCuO P = mCO2 + mH2O + mCuO d
mCxHyOz + (mCuO p mCuO d = mCO2 + mH2O
mCxHyOz + mCuO m gim = mCO2 + mH2O
1,47 + 1,568 = 2,156 + mH2O => mH2O = 0,882 g => nH2O = 0,049
=> x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 0,049 : 0,098 = 1 : 2 => Ch c B tha mn t l C : H = 1 : 2
=> B
Cu 93: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c n chc X thu c sn phm chy ch gm CO 2 v H2O vi t l
khi lng tng ng l 44 : 27. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A. C2H6.
B. C2H6O.
C. C2H6O2.
D. C2H4O.
mCO2 : mH2O = 44 : 27 => Chn mCO2 = 44g => mH2O = 27 g Chn ng ci t l
=> nCO2 = 1 ; nH2O = 1,5 => x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 1 : 3 => B v C ng
thiu d kin . Nu ch cht hu c n chc c th Ancol n chc => 1OH => 1Oxi
Hoc axit n chc 1COOH => 2Oxi
Sa cu ny thnh: t chy hon ton mt ancol n chc X.
Cu 94: Mt hp cht hu c Y khi t chy thu c CO 2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau v lng oxi cn dng bng
4 ln s mol ca Y. Cng thc phn t ca Y l:
A. C2H6O.
B. C4H8O.
C. C3H6O.
D. C3H6O2.
Cch 1 mo : Ta c x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nY = 4 bi i vi : CxHyOz p t chy
Th Cc p n vo => Ch c C tha mn : x = 3 ; y = 6 ; z = 1 => C
Cch 2:Thu c nCO2 = nH2O C 1 pi hoc 1 vng
x : y = nC : nH = nCO2 : 2nH2O = 1 : 2 => CTPT : CnH2nOz
Hoc ta c a = 1 Do khi t chy to ra nCO2 = nH2O => Cht c 1 lin kt pi hoc 1 vng
=> CnH2n+2-2.1Oz hay CnH2nOz Cch xc nh CTPT cch 2 Bi 36
Ta c x + y/4 z/2 = nO2/nY n + 2n/4 z/2 = 4 3n z = 8 3n = 8 +z

18

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

n > 8/3 => p n => n =3 hoc n =4


Xt n = 3 => z = 1 => C tha mn : C3H6O
Xt n = 4 => z = 3 => Khng c p n tha mn => C ng
Cu 95: t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt axit cacboxylic no 2 ln thu c 1,2 mol CO2. Cng thc phn t ca axit
l:
A. C6H14O4.
B. C6H12O4.
C. C6H10O4.
D. C6H8O4.
Axit no 2 ln => C 2 gc COOH => c 2 lin kt pi Mi gc COOH l 1 pi => a =2
Xem li cch tm CTPT bi 36 cch 2: CnH2n + 2 2.2O4 hay CnH2n-2O4 V 2 gc COOH => c 4O
Cch 1: => Ch c p n C tha mn CT trn => C
Cch 2: n = nCO2 / nAxit = 6 => Th vo CT trn => C ng
Cu 96: t chy hon ton 5,8 gam mt hp cht hu c n chc X cn 8,96 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c CO2 v H2O
c s mol bng nhau. CTGN ca X l:
A. C2H4O.
B. C3H6O.
C. C4H8O.
D. C5H10O.
Cch 1: ly 5,8 chia M cho tng p n => B chia p cn A,C,D l. => B ng.
Cch 2: p n => X ch cha 1 Oxi + nCO2 = nH2O => X c CT : CnH2nO Xem bi 94
Ta c x + y/4 z/2 = nO2 / nX nX = nO2 / (x +y/4 z/2) = 0,4 / (n +2n/4 1/2) = 0,8 /(3n -1)
=> MX = 14n +16CnH2nO = 5,8 / (0,8/3n-1) 14n + 16 = 21,75n 7,25 n = 3 => C3H6O => B
Cu 97: t chay hoan toan 0,2 mol hirocacbon X. Hp thu toan b san phm chay vao nc vi trong c 20 gam
kt tua. Loc bo kt tua ri un nong phn nc loc lai co 10 gam kt tua na. Vy X khng th la:
A. C2H6.
B. C2H4.
C. CH4.
D. C2H2.
Vit PT tm ra mo bi ton dng Cho CO2 vo Ca(OH)2 nc vi trong ; Ba(OH)2 => Tao ra m1 g kt ta v
dung dch . Sau nung dung dch to ra m2 g kt ta.
nCO2 = n Kt ta 1 + 2n kt ta 2.
Theo bi trn Kt ta l CaCO3 CO2 + Ca(OH)2 => CaCO3 + H2O
nCO2 = 0,2 + 2. 0,1 = 0,4 => x = nCO2 / nX = 2 => A , B , D u ng v c 2C . p n C sai v c 1 C .
Chng minh CT trn :
PT : CO2 + Ca(OH)2 => CaCO3 + H2O
(1)
2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 => Ca(HCO3)2 Dung dich
(2)
Ca(HCO3)2 => CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O Nung
(3)
n li cht dng bi 1 <nOH- / nCO2 <2 s to ra 2 p Axit 2 ; trung ha 1
V nu l t l CT : nCO32- = nOH- - nCO2 ; nHCO3- = nCO2 nCO32CO32- c th l trong mui trung ha nh Na2CO3 ; CaCO3 ; BaCO3 ; K2CO3 .
HCO3- c th l trong mui axit nh NaHCO3 ; Ca(HCO3)2 ; Ba(HCO3)2 ; KHCO3
T PT (3) => nCaCO3 = nCa(HCO3)2 to thnh t PT (2)
T PT (2) => nCO2 p to thnh dung dch = 2nCa(HCO3)2 BT nguyn t C
nCO2 = 2nCaCO3 To thnh do nung
PT (1) th nCO2 = nCaCO3 => nCO2 p = nCaCO3 PT1 + 2nCaCO3 Nung
Cu 98: Hn hp X gm mt s hirocacbon l ng ng k tip. Tng khi lng phn t ca cc hirocacbon
trong A l 252, trong khi lng phn t ca hirocacbon nng nht bng 2 ln khi lng phn t ca
hirocacbon nh nht. Cng thc phn t ca hirocacbon nh nht v s lng hirocacbon trong X l:
A. C3H6 v 4.
B. C2H4 v 5.
C. C3H8 v 4.
D. C2H6 v 5.
Hidrocacbon => CxHy ;M Hidrocacbon nng nht bng 2 ln nh nht => Dy ng ng : CnH2n
Ch : Ch c gc CnH2n mi gp i trong nhau hidrocabon Ankan : CnH2n+2 hay ankin CnH2n 2 ko c
V nu gp i nhau => MCnH2n+2 = 2.MCmH2m+2 14n +2 = 28m +4 => 14n = 28n +2 Ko th gp i nhau
c tng t CnH2n 2 => Thy ng vi CnH2n => Loi C v D
p n => n = 2 hoc n =3 S C ca hidrocacbon nh nht
Xt n = 2 Nh nht => n = 4 ln nht => C2H4 ; C3H6 ; C4H8 V ng ng k tip
=> tng M = 126 => Loi Khc 252 => Loi B => A ng B,C,D loi ri
Gii c th
Xt n = 3 => n = 6 ln nht => C3H6 ; C4H8 ; C5H10 ; C6H12 => Tng M = 252 => Tha mn
V c 4 hidrocabon C3H6;C4H8 ; C5H10;C6H12 => A
Cu 99: t chy hon ton 5,80 gam cht X thu c 2,65 gam Na 2CO3 ; 2,26 gam H2O v 12,10 gam CO2. Cng
thc phn t ca X l:
A. C6H5O2Na.
B. C6H5ONa.
C. C7H7O2Na.
D. C7H7ONa.
Cch 1: Vn dng mo ly 5,8 chia cho M cc p n => B p => B ng.

19

phamdinhvy@gmail.com

TTGS TIN NHAT

Cch 2: p n => X cha C,H,O,Na v c 1Na => Gi CT: CxHyOzNa


Sa bi 2,25 g H2O s liu p ng
BT nguyn t C : nC = nNa2CO3 + nCO2 = 0,025 + 0,275 = 0,3 mol
BT nguyn t H : nH = 2nH2O = 2.0,125 = 0,25 mol => x :y= nC : nH = 0,3 : 0,25 = 6 : 5 => C v D loi
Nu ko bit lm tip chn 50:50 => Tng kh nng ng
BT nguyn t Na : nNa = 2nNa2CO3 = 0,05 mol
mO = mX mC mH mNa = 5,8 0,3.12 0,25.1 0,05.23 = 0,8 g => nO = 0,05
x : y : z = nC : nH : nO = 6 : 5 : 1 => B ng A l 6 : 5 : 2
Cu 100: t chy hon ton 1,88 gam hp cht hu c Z (cha C, H, O) cn 1,904 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c CO2 v
H2O vi t l mol tng ng l 4 : 3. Cng thc phn t ca Z l:
A. C4H6O2.
B. C8H12O4.
C. C4H6O3.
D. C8H12O5.
Cch 1: Vn ly 1,88 chia cho M cc p n => D tha mn
Cch 2: T l mol CO2 : nH2O = 4 : 3 => Chn nCO2 = 4x => nH2O = 3x Mnh thng lm zy quy v PT 1 n
BT khi lng : mZ + mO2 = mCO2 + mH2O 1,88 + 0,085.32 = 4x.44 + 3x.18 x = 0,02
nC = CO2 = 4x = 0,08 ; nH = 2nH2O = 2.3x = 0,12;
BT NT Oxi : nO(Z) + 2nO2 = 2nCO2 + nH2O nO + 2.0,085 = 2.0,08 + 0,06 nO = 0,05
x :y : z = nC : nH : nO = 0,08 : 0,12 : 0,05 = 8 : 12 : 5 => D tha mn.
CHUYN 1 :
1A
11A
21B
31B
41A
51B
61D
71A
81C
91B

2B
12D
22B
32A
42C
52B
62BA
72B
82A
92B

3C
13B
23D
33B
43C
53C
63C
73C
83D
93B

4B
14A
24C
34B
44D
54C
64D
74A
84C
94C

I CNG HA HC HU C

5B
15B
25C
35A
45C
55B
65B
75A
85D
95C

6D
16B
26A
36D
46D
56C
66A
76A
86A
96B

7B
17A
27A
37C
47D
57C
67D
77C
87B
97C

8C
18A
28CD
38B
48B
58C
68A
78C
88C
98A

9D
19D
29A
39B
49A
59C
69D
79D
89A
99B

p n khng phi ng 100% u nh c th 1 s p n sai


Bn c cho kin v cu . Mnh v mt s ngi s xem li.
Cm n bn gip .

20

10C
20C
30D
40B
50C
60D
70A
80B
90C
100D

You might also like