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H v tn

: Phm Minh Tin

MSSV: 1014220

H v tn

: Nguyn Th Th

MSSV: 1014212

M s thc tp :

T3 - 17

Th ba, ngy 06 thng 03 nm 2012

BO CO THC TP PHN TCH


PHNG PHP ACID BASE

Dung dch chun gc s dng:


-

Acid oxalic (H2C2O4)


pKa1 = 1,25

CN = (0,100000 0,000035) N

pKa2 = 4,27

Borax (Na2B4O7.10H2O CN = (0,100000 0,000015) N

Acid boric (H3BO3) c pKa = 9,24


I.

Xc nh chnh xc nng NaOH ~ 0,1N theo cht gc.

1. Nguyn tc:
-

Khi pha dung dch chun t dung dch cho trc trong phng th nghim, c th

trong qu trnh bo qun, nng ca NaOH c th gim i do tc dng vi CO2 ha tan trong
nc.
-

Ta s dng dung dch H2C2O4 chun dung dch NaOH va pha trn.

Phng trnh chun :

V hai gi tr pKa ca H2C2O4 qu gn nhau nn ta tin hnh chun lun c 2 nc.


F = 1,999

H2C2O4 + 2OH-

C2O42- + 2H2O

dung dch cha 99,9% C2O4- v 0,1% HC2O4pH = pK2 + lg

= 4,14 + 3 = 7,14

F = 2,000

dung dchcha 100% C2O42pH = 14 - (pKb+pC0) =14 - (9,86+1)= 8,57

F = 2,001

dung dch cha 100% C2O42-v 0,1% OHpOH = -lg(0,001*C0) = 4 pH = 10,00

- Khong bc nhy l 7,14 10,00 im cui ca php chun ng vi pH = 8,57. Do , ta


s dng ch th mu phenolphatalein 0,1% (pT = 9)

2. Lu :

NaOH rn l cht tinh th mu trng rt ht m, d dng phn ng vi CO2 ca khng


kh nn thnh phn khng n nh nn khng c dng lm cht gc. c dung dch
chun NaOH cn pha li dung dch NaOH t dung dch NaOH bo ha v xc nh
chnh xc nng . V nng NaOH bo ha th c nng tng i chnh xc , gip
ta pha dung dch c nng gn vi nng ta cn pha.

- Ch th chun kt thc sau im tng ng, kt thc lc c mu trung gian , nn ch


cn chun n lc c mu hng nht, sai s nh.

3. Kt qu:

Acid oxalic

V1 (ml)
10,00

NaOH

9,80

Ch th phenolphthalein 0,1% (pT = 9)


V2(ml)
V3(ml)
10,00
10,00

V(H2C2O4) = 10,00 0,02 mL


V(NaOH) = 9,85 + 0,02 =9,87 mL

9,90

9,85

Vtb(ml)
10,00
9,85

Nng ng lng ca NaOH:


C N (NaOH) =

V ( H 2C 2O 4 ) * C N ( H 2 C2 O4
V(NaOH)

)=

10, 00 * 0,100000
= 0,101317N
9,87
2

0,95;N NaOH

1,96* pipet

= C N ( NaOH) * 1, 96* buret


+

V ( NaOH) * n V( H C O ) * n
2 2 4

(H C O )
+ N 2 2 4
C N ( H 2C 2O 4 )

1,96*0, 05 1,96*0, 020 0, 000035


= 0,101317 *
+
+
= 0, 00063N
9,87 * 3 10, 00* 3 0,100000

CN (NaOH) = (0,10132 0,00063) N


chnh xc:

P
0, 00063
= 1
= 0,994(99, 4%)
C N ( NaOH )
0,10132

4. Nhn xt:

chnh xc ca php chun li NaOH l 99,4% nn ta c th s dng dung dch

NaOH ny lm cht chun tin hnh xc nh nng ca cc cht khc.


-

Cn ch khi pha dung dch NaOH xong phi bo qun cn thn, hn ch dung dch

tip xc vi khng kh, v NaOH s hp th CO2 lm sai lch nng NaOH tnh c.
- V NaOH pha c s c dng chun cho cc th nghim pha sau nn cn tin hnh
th nghim ny cn thn, chnh xc tnh c nng NaOH ng nht, trnh sai s
nhng tnh ton ca nhng th nghim sau bi v lan truyn sai s s gy ra sai lch ln rt
ng tic.
- Khi tin hnh pha long NaOH ta khng nn dng dd NaOH 3M hay 6M c sn trong phng
th nghim m nn dng NaOH bo ha 19M v dung dch NaOH long trong khng kh s
cha ion CO32-, dung dch NaOH bo ho 19M nu c ion CO32- s kt tinh mui Na2CO3 rn
lng xung di.
-

Hin tng ta quan st c l dung dch trong erlen chuyn sang mu hng nht v

khng bin mt trong 30s. Nh vy, im tng ng ca php chun gn vi im cui


ca php chun .

- Trong qu trnh chun , hn ch lc erlen qu nhiu v mnh v NaOH s phn ng vi CO2


trong khng kh lm gim nng NaOH trong dung dch, s lm kt qu chun khng
c chnh xc.

II.

Xc nh nng H2SO4 bng NaOH.


1. Mc ch:

Xc nh chnh xc nng ca H2SO4.

Qu trnh phn ly ca H2SO4:


H2SO4

2OH-

SO42- +

H2O

V acid H2SO4 l acid mnh (pT<4) nn ta chun c hai nc.


F = 1,999

dung dch cha 99,9% SO42- v 0,1%HSO42-

pH = pK2 + lg
F = 2,000

= 1,9 + 3 = 4,90

dung dch cha 100% SO42

pH = 7,00
F = 2,001

dung dch cha 100%SO42- v 0,1% OH-

pH = 14 - lg(0,001C0) = 10,00

Khong bc nhy 4,90 10,00 nn ta c th s dng phenolphthalein 0,1% (pT = 9)


2. Kt qu:

H2SO4
NaOH

V1 (mL)
5,00
9,10

V(H2SO4) = (5,00 0,01) mL


V(NaOH) = 9,15 + 0,02 = 9,17 mL

Ch th phenolphthalein 0,1% (pT = 9)


V2 (mL)
V3 (mL)
5,00
5,00
9,15
9,20

Vtb (mL)
5,00
9,15

C N ( H 2SO 4 ) =

N ( H 2SO4 )

C N ( NaOH ) * V ( NaOH ) 0,10132*9,17


=
= 0,18582N
V ( H 2SO 4 )
5, 00
2

= C ( H SO )
N
2
4

t 0,95;f * sn,V
N ( NaOH )
1,96 * X

+
+
V ( NaOH ) * n V ( H SO ) * n C N ( NaOH )
2
4

4,30* 0, 05013 1,96*0, 020 0, 00063


= 0,18582*
+
+
= 0, 0029N
9,17 * 3 5, 00* 3 0,10132

CN (H2SO4) = (0,1858 0,0029) N


3. Nhnxt:
H2SO4 l acid mnh a nc, nc th nht mnh nn phn li hon ton, nc th hai phn li vi
pKa = 1,92, vy khi chun nh l chun acid n nc vi ng cong chun ch c 1
bc nhy v 1 im tng ng nh ca php chun HCl, ch khc t l th tch l 2:1;
ng thi php chun ny nu dng mi trng khc nc th c th chun ring bit 2
nc ca acid, biu din c 2 im tng ng trn ng cong chun . Nhng trong
mi trng nc th cng xem nh y cng l phn ng c trng cho chun ca acid
mnh v base mnh.
III.

Xc nh nng H3PO4 bng NaOH.


1. Nguyn tc:

- Xc nh chnh xc nng ca H3PO4


- Qu trnh phn ly ca H3PO4:
H3PO4

OH-

H2PO4- +

H2O

H2PO4-

OH-

HPO42- +

H2O

HPO42-

OH-

PO43-

H2O

- V nc 3 phn ly qu yu nn ta ch xt n s phn ly ca nc 1 v nc 2

- Khong bc nhy ca nc 1 l 4,12 5,21 v im cui c pH = 4,67, ta dng ch th


hn hp c pT = 5,1. Khong bc nhy ca nc 2 l 9,21 10,36 v im cui c pH
= 9,78, ta dng ch th hn hp c pT = 10,2.
2. Lu :
-

Chun nc 1 kt thc trc im tng ng, mu kt thc chun l mu trung


gian. chun nc th nht: Dng pipet ly 10mL dung dch H3PO4 cho vo erlen
250mL, cho vo 1 git ch th pT = 5,1; dung dch khng mu chuyn sang mu nho
nht. Ln u tin hnh chun cho nhanh tng 1mL NaOH xung, tay phi lc mnh
v u erlen sao cho dung dch trong erlen xoay xoy trn u. Chun cho ti khi dung
dch trong erlen chuyn t mu nho nht sang c mu lc th ghi nhn th tch V0.

Chun nc hai kt thc sau im tng ng, mu kt thc chun l mu trung


gian. Ln chun th hai x nhanh NaOH xung gn V0, sau cho t t cn thn tht
chm tng git NaOH xung, va lc u, va quan st k erlen, n khi cho thm 1 git
na thy dung dch chuyn vng nht sang mt mu vng v c mu tm bn, l ngng
chun , ghi nhn th tch NaOH.

3. Kt qu:
Nc 1: ch th hn hp c pT = 5,1

H3PO4
Nc 1
Nc 2

NaOH

Nc 2: ch th hn hp c pT = 10,2
V1 (mL)
V2 (mL)
V3 (mL)
10,00
10,00
10,00
7,80
7,85
7,83
15,80
15,83
15,75

Nc 1:
V(H3PO4) = (10,00 0,02) mL
V(NaOH) = 7,83 + 0,01 = 7,84 mL
3

Nng mol ca H PO :

Vtb (mL)
10,00
7,83
15,78

C M ( H 3PO 4 ) =

C N ( NaOH ) * V ( NaOH ) 0,10132 * 7,84


=
= 0, 07943M
V ( H 3PO 4 )
10, 00
2

0,95;C H3 PO 4

1,96 *
pipet
= CM ( H3PO 4 ) * t 0,95;f *s n,V1 +

V( NaOH ) * n

VH3 PO4 * n
2

N ( NaOH )
+

C N ( NaOH )

4,30 * 0, 025 1,96 * 0, 02 0, 00063


= 0, 07943*
+
+
= 0, 00082M
7,84* 3 10, 00 * 3 0,10132

CN (H3PO4) = (0,07943 0,00082) M

Nc 2:

V(H3PO4) = (10,00 0,02) mL


V(NaOH) = 15,78 + 0,02 = 15,80 mL
3

Nng mol ca H PO :

C M ( H 3PO 4 ) =

C N ( NaOH ) * V ( NaOH ) 0,10132 * 15,80


=
= 0, 08004M
2* V ( H 3PO 4 )
2 * 10, 00
2

0,95;C H3 PO 4

1,96 *
pipet
= CM ( H3PO 4 ) * t 0,95;f *s n,V2 +
V( NaOH ) * n VH PO * n

3 4
2

N ( NaOH )
+

C N ( NaOH )

4,30 * 0, 04 1,96 *0, 02 0, 00063


= 0, 08004 *
+
+
= 0, 00073M
15,80 * 3 10, 00 * 3 0,10132

CM (H3PO4) = (0,08004 0,00073) M


4. Nhnxt:

- Khi chun acid H3PO4 bng NaOH, ta dng cht ch th hn hp pT=5,1 cho nc 1
v pT = 10,2 cho nc 2, nh vo s chuyn mu r rt (t ngt t nho sang xanh
lc cho trng hp pT = 5,1, khng i n lc mu lc tht m mi kt thc chun

v nh vy chc chn pH cui vt qua im tng ng, khi va mi quan


st thy s chuyn mu (mu t ngt chuyn sang 1 mu khc hn mu th
dng chun ). Vi ch th hn hp pT = 10,2, khi mu vng chuyn sang mu nh
tm th ta kt thc chun .

- Ta dng ch th hn hp m khng dng ch th n l v vic quan st mu trung gian


s rt kh bi vic chun H3PO4 ring tng nc ch t chnh xc 99% m
khong bc nhy li hp.
IV.

Xc nh nng hn hp H2SO4 + H3PO4 bng NaOH.


1. Mc ch:

- Xc nh chnh xc nng hn hp cho H2SO4 + H3PO4 ( trn 3mL H2SO4 v 7mL


H3PO4 )
- i vi acid mnh l H2SO4 ta chun lun c hai nc:
H2SO4 + 2OH- SO42- + 2H2O
- H3PO4 l acid tng i yu nn ta c th chun tng nc:
Nc 1:

H3PO4 + OH- H2PO4- + H2O

Nc 2:

H2PO4- + OH- HPO42- + H2O

2. Kt qu:
Nc 1: ch th hn hp c pT = 5,1

H3PO4 + H2SO4
Nc 1
NaOH
Nc 2
V(hn hp) = (10,00 0,02) mL
VNaOH-I = 11,35 + 0,02 = 11,37 mL

Nc 2: ch th hn hp c pT = 10,2
V1 (mL)
V2 (mL)
V3 (mL)
10,00
10,00
10,00
11,40
11,30
11,35
15,90
15,93
16,00

Vtb (mL)
10,00
11,35
15,94

VNaOH-II = 15,94 + 0,02 = 15,96 mL

Nng acid H2SO4 :

CM ( H 2SO4 ) =

C M ( NaOH ) * ( 2VI VII ) 0,10132 *( 2 * 11,37 15, 96)


=
= 0, 03435M
2Vhh
2*10, 00

t:

W = 2*11,37 15,96 = 6,78 mL


2

0,95;W1

2 * t 0,95;2 * s 3,VI t 0,95;2 * s 3,VII


2 * 4,30 * 0,05 4,30 * 0,05
=
+
=
+

3
3
3
3

0,95;W1 1,96* pipet N ( NaOH )

+
V
NaOH
(
)
V
*
3
C N ( NaOH )

hh
2

0,95;C H2 SO4 = CM
H 2SO 4

= 0, 278

0, 278 1,96*0, 02 0, 00063


= 0, 03435*
+
+
= 0, 0014M
6, 78 10, 00* 3 0,10132

CN (H2SO4) = (0,0344 0,0014) M

Nng H3PO4 :

C M (H3 PO4 ) =

t:

( VII VI ) *CM ( NaOH ) = ( 15,94 11,35 ) *0,10132 = 0, 04651M


10, 00

WII = 15,94 11,35 = 4,59 mL

0,95;W 2

Vhh

t 0,95;2 * s3,VI t 0,95;2 * s3,VII


4,30 * 0,05 4,30 * 0,05
=
+
=
+
= 0,176
3
3
3
3

0,95;C H3 PO4 = CM ( H3PO4 )

buret
1,96 * pipet N ( NaOH )

+
V ( NaOH ) Vhh * 3 C N ( NaOH )
2

0,176 1,96 * 0,02 0,00063


= 0,04651.
+
+
= 0,0018M
4,59 10,00 * 3 0,10132

CM (H3PO4) = (0,0465 0,0018) M


3. Nhnxt:
- Do nc th nht ca H3PO4 yu hn nc th hai ca H2SO4 nn chnh xc ca mi
php chun mi nc trong th nghim ny u b l thuc vo H3PO4 vi
chnh xc 99%.
- Ln u tin hnh chun cho nhanh tng git NaOH, tay phi lc mnh v u
erlen sao cho dung dch trong erlen xoay xoy trn u. Chun cho ti khi dung dch
trong erlen chuyn t mu nho nht sang c mu lc th ghi nhn th tch V0
NaOH. Ln chun th hai x nhanh NaOH xung gn V0, sau cho t t cn thn
tht chm tng git NaOH xung, va lc u, va quan st k erlen, n khi cho
thm 1 git na thy dung dch chuyn t mu nho nht sang mt mu v c
mu lc rt nht, bn l ngng chun , ghi nhn th tch NaOH
- Chun nc 1 by gi c c s tham gia ca H+ t H2SO4 nn vic chun din ra
din ra chm, t l th tch khng phi 1 : 2 na, v vic xc nh mu trung gian
(xm nh xanh) trnh sai s qu ln gp kh khn.

V.

Xc nh hm lng N (%) trong NH4Cl bng phng php chun thay th.
1. Mc ch:

- Ion NH4+ to ra khi ha tan NH4Cl l 1 n acid rt yu nn khng th chun trc


tip NH4+ bng NaOH. Do , ta phi chuyn ion NH4+ sang dng acid lin hp ca
urotropin.

- Lc , tnh acid tng ln v c th tin hnh chun vi NaOH.


- Phng trnh chun :

- Khong bc nhy ca qu trnh chun tnh gn ng l 7,13 11 hoc 8,13


10,0. Do , ta chn ch th phenolphthalein 0,1% (pT = 9) l ph hp nht.
2. Kt qu:

V1 (mL)
16,60

Ch th phenolphthalein 0,1% (pT = 9)


V2 (mL)
V3 (mL)
Vtb (mL)
16,70
16,50
16,50

V (NH4Cl) = (10,00 0,02) mL


V (NaOH) = (16,50 + 0,05) = 16,55 mL
NaOH/N

Tnh T

NaOH/N

= NnaOH * 14,0067 / 1000 = 0,10132*14,0067/1000 = 0,001419.

Tnh %N:

%N =

TNaOH/ N * VNaOH * Vbinhmuc


0, 001419 * 16,55 * 100,0
*100 =
*100= 23, 48412%
Vpipet *a
10, 00*1

t
*s 1,96* pipet 0,95;N NaOH
0,95;% N = %N * 0,95;f 3,V +
+

V
V
C N ( NaOH )
*
3
*
3
NaOH
NH
Cl

4,30 *0, 05101 1,96 *0, 02 0, 00063


23, 48412*
+
+
= 0, 00010
=
16, 55* 3 10, 00 * 3 0,10132

%N = (23,48412 0,00010)%.

3. Nhnxt:
-

C bc chun li HCHO trc bng dung dch NaOH vi ch th l phenolphtalein,


nhng y ch tin hnh chun mt ln, nn phi tin hnh cn thn cho va lng
NaOH lm dung dch chuyn sang mu hng nht bn, khng d NaOH nhiu v s
nh hng n kt qu lc chun sau.

Php chun ny ch t c chnh xc 96,4% v ngoi sai s h thng, c th do 1


s trng hp nh sau:
Lng HCHO cho vo cha chuyn ha hon ton ion NH4+
Lng NaOH cho vo trung ha HCOOH qu nhiu, nn lng d NaOH ,
tham gia trc tip vo qu trnh chun , lm qu trnh chun b mc sai s .

VI.

Xc nh nng HCl theo cht gc Borax.


1. Mc ch:

- Dng cht chun gc tinh th borax Na2B4O7.10H2O xc nh li nng dung


dch HCl.
- Phng trnh chun : B4O72- + 2H+ + 5H2O 4H3BO3 .
- Ta thy thc cht ca phn ng chun l phn ng trung ha n baz yu H2BO3bng n acid mnh HCl. Acid boric H3BO3 c pKa= 9,24 nn n baz yu H2BO3- c
pKb=4,76 nn ta c th chun dung dch HCl.

2. Kt qu:

Borax
HCl

V1 (mL)
10,00
10,20

Vborax = ( 10,00 0,02) mL


V HCl = 10,22 + 0,02 = 10,24 mL

Nng ng lng ca HCl:

Ch th hn hp c pT = 5,4
V2(mL)
V3(mL)
10,00
10,00
10,25
10,20

Vtb(mL)
10,00
10,22

C N ( HCl ) =

C N borax * Vborax 0,100000*10,00


=
= 0, 097656N
V ( HCl )
10, 24

t
* s 1,96 * pipet N borax
N ( HCl ) = C N ( HCl ) 0,95;f 3,V +

V * 3 V * 3 + C
HCl
borax
N borax

4, 30*0, 02892 1,96 *0, 02 0, 000015


= 0, 097656 *
+
+
= 0, 00072N
10, 24* 3 10, 00* 3 0,100000

CN (HCl) = (0,09766 0,00072) N

chnh xc:

N ( HCL )
C N ( HCl )

= 1

0,00072
= 0,993(99,3%)
0,09766

3. Nhnxt:
Cng ging nh NaOH, dung dch HCl pha c s c dng chun cho cc th
nghim pha sau nn cn tin hnh th nghim ny cn thn, chnh xc tnh c nng
HCl ng nht, trnh sai s nhng tnh ton ca nhng th nghim sau bi v lan
truyn sai s s gy ra sai lch ln rt ng tic kt qu.
Khi dng ch th pT 5.1 th th tch chun c cng nh ch th pT 5.4
Cht gc c xc nh y l dung dch borax, c c im l thnh phn t b thay
i bi mi trng v khi lng phn t ln( gip cho sai s nh) nhng c nhc
im l tan trong nc thp. Cng c th dng cht gc l Na2CO3 nhng c nhc
im l d b thay i thnh phn do mi trng CO2 v hi H2O.
Do y l php chun ly HCl lm cht chun nn ta phi lm tht cn thn
trnh gy sai s cho cc php chun v sau. Ngoi ra, vi khong bc nhy pH nh trn
ta c 3 ch th chn l metyl da cam vi pT= 4,0, ch th hn hp pT= 5,1, v ch
th Tashiro pT=5,4, trong 3 ch th ny ta khng nn chn metyl da cam v n s gy ra sai
s tha ln.
VII.

Xc nh nng Na2CO3 bng HCl.


1. Mc ch:

- Xc nh chnh xc nng Na2CO3 bng dung dch HCl va xc nh.


- Phng trnh chun :
CO32- + 2H+ CO2 + H2O
- Khong bc nhy pH ca php chun u tin s l 8,61 8,04 nn ta s chn ch
th pT = 8,3, khong bc nhy pH ca nc th hai s l 4,66 2,52 nn ta chn ch
th metyl da cam (pT=5,1).
2. Kt qu:
Nc 1: ch th hn hp c pT = 8,3
Nc 2: ch th methyl da cam
V1 (mL)
V2 (mL)
V3 (mL)
10,00
10,00
10,00
11,40
11,50
11,40
20,60
20,70
20,60

Na2CO3
Nc 1
Nc 2

HCl

Vtb (mL)
10,00
11,43
20,63

Nc 1:

V (Na2CO3 ) = ( 10,00 0,02 ) mL


V HCl

= 11,43 + 0,02 = 11,45 mL


2

Nng mol ca Na CO :

C M ( Na 2CO 3 ) =

N ( Na 2 CO3 )

C N ( HCl ) *V ( HCl ) 0, 09766*11,45


=
= 0,11182M
V ( Na 2CO 3 )
10, 00
2

t 0,95;2 * s 3,VI 1,96 * pipet N ( HCl )


+
= CM ( Na 2CO 3 ) *
+

V
C N ( HCl )
V
HCl
*
3
*
3
(
)

Na 2 CO3

4,30*0, 02892 1,96*0, 02 0, 00072


= 0,11182*
+
+
= 0, 0012M
0,
09766
10,
24*
3
10,
00*
3

CN (Na2CO3) = (0,1118 0,0012) M

Nc 2 :

V (Na2CO3) = ( 10,00 0,02 ) mL


V HCl

= 20,63 + 0,04 = 20,67 mL

Nng mol ca Na CO :

C M ( Na 2CO 3 ) =

M ( Na 2CO 3 )

C N ( HCl ) * V ( HCl )
2 * V ( Na 2CO 3 )

0,09766 * 20,67
= 0,10093M
2 *10,00

t 0,95;2 * s 3,VI 1,96 * pipet N ( HCl )


+
= CM ( Na 2CO 3 ) *
+

V
C N ( HCl )
V
HCl
*
3
*
3
(
)

Na 2 CO3

4, 30*0, 05731 1,96*0, 02 0, 00072


= 0,10093*
+
+
= 0, 0010M
0,
09766
20,
67
*
3
10,
00*
3

CM (Na2CO3) = (0,1009 0,0010) M


3. Nhn xt:
Trong khi tin hnh chun , ln lu cc im sau:
nc 1 cn lc it va chun nhanh la do F=1,04 trong hn hp chun luc
nay co 96% NaHCO3 va 4%H2CO3. Nu lc manh se lam mt i lng H2CO3
di dang CO2, lam cho pH ~ 8,32 trong khi o chi thi co pT = 8,3 nm ngoai
khoang bc nhay. Khi o dung dich tr lai mau tim ch khng mau vang
na.
nc 2, cn lc mnh ui bi kh CO2 khng tan trong dung dch i, trnh
lm nh hng n pH ca dung dch.

VIII.

Xc nh nng hn hp NaHCO3 + Na2CO3 bng HCl.


1. Nguyn tc:

- Chun 1 th tch chnh xc ca dung dch hn hp ny bng dung dch HCl n nc I


xc nh ring Na2CO3
- Ly 1 th tch tng t khc ca dung dch hn hp ny em chun bng dung dch
chun HCl n nc II xc nh tng NaHCO3+ Na2CO3
- Nc I: Ch chun CO32- (ht VI mL)
CO32- + H+ = HCO3- Nc I+ II: chun CO32- lun n nc 2 v HCO3- n nc 2 (ht VII mL)
CO32- + 2H+ = H2CO3
HCO3- + H+ = H2CO3
- H2CO3 l 1 acid yu c pKa1 = 6,35 v pKa2 = 10,30. V 2 gi tr pKa khc nhau cha
ti 4 n v nn php chun nc I ch chnh xc n chnh xc 95%. Khong
bc nhy kh hp, ng vi pH nm gia 8,30 v 8,35 cho nn cht ch th thch hp
cho chun nc 1 l ch th hn hp pT= 8,3
- i vi nc 2, cui phn ng to ra H2CO3. Nu khng un ui H2CO3 th khong
bc nhy pH tnh gn ng l 4,35 3,0, nn ch th thch hp nht chun nc 2
l ch th hn hp c pT= 4,0
2. Tin hnh:
Nc 1 dng ch th pT=8,3

NaHCO3 + Na2CO3
Nc 1
HCl
Nc 2

Nc 2 dng ch th pT=4,0
V2 (mL)
V3 (mL)
10,00
10,00
5,50
5,45
13,40
13,50

V1 (mL)
10,00
5,40
13,45

Nc 1:

Nng ng lng ca Na CO :

Vtb (mL)
10,00
5,45
13,45

C N ( Na 2 CO3 ) =

C N ( HCl ) * V ( HCl )
Vhh

t 0,95;2 * s3,V
I

V( HCl ) * 3

N ( Na 2 CO3 ) = C N ( Na 2 CO3 )

0,09766 * 5,46
= 0,05332N
10,00
2

2
1,96 *
N ( HCl )
pipet
+
+

V ( Na 2CO 3 ) * 3 C N ( HCl )

4,30 * 0,05000 1,96 * 0,02 0,00072


= 0,05332.
+
+
= 0,0013N
5,45 * 3 10,00 * 3 0,09766

CN (Na2CO3) = (0,0533 0,0013) N

Tng 2 nc :

Vhn hp = (10,00 0,02) mL


V HCl = 13,45 + 0,02 = 13,47 mL
3

Nng ng lng ca NaHCO :

C N ( NaHCO3 ) =

C N ( HCl ) * ( VII 2VI )


Vhh

0,09766 * ( 13, 47 2 * 5,46 )


10,00

= 0,02490N

t : Va =VNaHCO3 = V2 2 V1 = 13,47 2 * 5,46= 2,55 mL

Va

t 0,95;2 * s3;VII
=
VII * n

t0,95;2 * s3;VI

+ 2 *
VI * n

N ( NaHCO 3 ) = C N ( NaHCO3 )

4,30 * 0,05000
=

13, 47 * 3

4,30 * 0,0500
+ 2 *

5, 46 * 3

N ( HCl )
1,96 * pipet
Va
+

+
Va V ( NaHCO3 ) * 3 CN ( HCl )
2

0, 4639 1,96 * 0,02 0,00072


= 0,02490 *
+
+
= 0,0045N
2,55 10,00 * 3 0,09766

=0, 4639

CN (NaHCO3) = (0,0249 0,0045) N


3. Nhnxt:
gim thiu sai s nn chun nhanh v khng lc mnh v dung dch ca ta ng th, mt
khc hn ch CO2 ha tan, d quan st mu dung dch thay i iu chnh vic chun
trnh mc sai s.
NHN XT CHUNG:
Trong qu trnh vic chn ch th phi thch hp m bo vic nhn ra im tng
ng phi r rng. La chn ch th phi c mu tng phn vi mu ca dung dch.
Lng ch th cho vo ty theo kh nng quan st mu ngi chun , tuy nhin khng
nn cho qu nhiu, s nh hng n qu trnh chun v cc cht ch th cng l acid
yu.
Vi nhng chun c cc cht d bay hi hay phn ng vi cc cht trong khng kh
th khng nn lc nhiu, mnh m nn thao tc nhanh, chnh xc hn ch nh hng
n kt qu chun .
i vi cc cht ch th hn hp, c khong i mu hp, mu sc thay i tng phn
c th nhn bit r rng, gn vi im tng ng hn nn thng c dng thay
cht ch th n.
Theo l thuyt phng php chun u c chnh xc >99%, tuy nhin v mt thc
nghim thi chnh xc kh t c, v nhiu nguyn nhn:
o

Do nng ca dung dch chun khng chnh xc nh l thuyt, do b nh


hng ca khng kh trong qu trnh bo qun.

o Do tay ngh ca ngi lm th nghim cha cao.


o Do sai s ca dng c.
Do cho thiu hay d ch th to nn sai s thiu hay sai s d.

TR LI CU HI
Cu 1: So snh chnh xc ca cc kt qu phn tch sau y v sp xp th t theo
chnh xc:
CNaOH

(0,10063

0,00037) N

(A)

CHCl

Tr li:

(0,12965

0,00060) N

(B)

(0,6198

0,0030) g

(C)

chnh xc ca cc gi tr nh sau:

CNaOH

0, 00037
= 99, 6%
0,10063

CHCl

0, 00060
= 99,54%
0,12965

0, 0030
= 99, 52%
0, 6198

Vy chnh xc ca cc kt qu sp xp nh sau: C < B < A


Cu 2: Nu nguyn tc xc nh hn hp HCl + H3PO4
Tr li:

Phng trinh chun i vi chi thi pT= 5.1 phan ng chun

H+ + OH- = H2O

Tiu tn Va mL dung dich NaOH

H3PO4 + OH- = H2PO4- + H2O

Tiu tn Vb dung dich NaOH

VI = Va + Vb
Khi dung chi thi co pT= 10,2 co phng trinh chun :
H+ + OH- = H2O

tiu tn Va mL dung dich NaOH

H3PO4 + OH- = HPO4- + 2H2O


VII = Va + 2Vb
Khi o:

CHCl=

Va * N NaOH ( 2*VI VII ) * N NaOH


=
2*Vhh
2*Vhh

Tiu tn 2Vb dung dich NaOH

CH3PO4=

Vb * N NaOH ( VII VI ) * N NaOH


=
Vhh
Vhh

Cu 3:Thit lp cng thc 0.95,m-Na2CO3 va 0.95, m-NaHCO3


Tr li:
N V V
V
0.95(Na2CO3) = m(Na2CO3).1.96 HCl + I + binhmuc + pipet

N HCl VI VBinhmuc Vpipet


2

t W= VII 2VI
2



0.95(NaHCO3) = m(NaHCO3)1.96 NHCl + W + Vbimhmuc + Vpipet

N HCl W VBinhmuc V pipet

II. Kim tra mu dung dch

Ta tin hnh pha li dung dch chun NaOH v c kt qu nh sau:

Acid oxalic
NaOH

V1 (mL)
10,00
10,20

Ch th phenolphthalein 0,1% (pT = 9)


V2(mL)
V3(mL)
10,00
10,00
10,20
10,30

Vtb(mL)
10,00
10,23

V (H2C2O4) = (10,00 0,02) mL


V(NaOH)

= 10,23 + 0,02 = 10,25 mL

Nng ng lng ca NaOH:


C N (NaOH) =

N ( NaOH ) = C N ( NaOH )

V ( H 2C 2O 4 ) * C N (H 2C 2O 4
V(NaOH)
2

)=

10, 00 * 0,100000
= 0, 097656N
10, 25
2

z 0,95 *s3,V
z 0,95 * pipet

V ( NaOH ) * 3 V( H C O ) * 3
2 2 4

(H C O )
+ N 2 2 4
C N ( H 2 C 2 O4 )

1,96*0, 05774 1,96*0, 02 0, 000035


= 0, 097561*
+
+
= 0, 00066N
10, 25* 3 10, 00* 3 0,100000

CN (NaOH) = (0,09756 0,00066) N

H v tn: Phm Minh Tin


Mssv:

1014220

M s dung dch kim tra : 24

H3PO4 + H2SO4
Nc 1
NaOH
Nc 2

V1 (mL)
10,00
10,50
14,10

V2 (mL)
10,00
10,55
14,10

V3 (mL)
10,00
10,55
14,15

Vtb (mL)
10,00
10,53
14,12

hn hp

= ( 10,00 0,02 ) mL
NaOH-I

= 10,53 + 0,02 = 10,55 mL

NaOH-II

= 14,12 + 0,02 = 14,14 mL

Nng H2SO4 sau khi nh mc thnh 100mL:


CM ( H 2SO4 ) =

C M ( NaOH ) * ( 2VI VII ) 0, 09756*( 2 * 10,55 14,14)


=
= 0, 033951M
2Vhh
2 * 10, 00
I

t:

W = 2* 10,55 14,14 = 6,96 mL

W1 0,95

t
*s
*s

= 2 * 0,95;f 3;V I + 0,95;f 3;V II


n
n

4,30* 0, 02887 4,30 * 0, 02887

= 2*
+
= 0,1603
3
3


1, 96* pipet N ( NaOH )
0,95;N H 2SO4 = CM ( H 2SO4 ) W10,95 +
V ( NaOH ) V * 3 + C ( NaOH )
N

hh

0,1603 1,96*0, 02 0, 00066


= 0, 03395*
+
+
= 0, 00082M
6,96 10, 00* 3 0, 09756

CN (H2SO4) = (0,03395 0,00082) M

Nng H3PO4 sau

khi nh mc thnh 100mL:

C M (H3 PO4 ) =

t:

( VII VI ) *CM ( NaOH ) = ( 14,14 10,55 ) *0, 09756 = 0, 03502M


Vhh

10, 00

WII = 14,14 10,55 = 3,59 mL


2

W1 0,95

t
*s
*s

= 2 * 0,95;f 3;V I + 0,95;f 3;V II


n
n

4,30* 0, 02887 4,30 * 0, 02887

= 2*
+
= 0,1603
3
3


1,96* pipet N ( NaOH )
0,95;N H3PO 4 = CM ( H3 PO4 ) W10,95 +
V ( NaOH ) V * 3 + C ( NaOH )
N

hh

0,1603 1,96*0, 02 0, 00066


= 0, 03502.
+
+
= 0, 0016M
3,59 10, 00* 3 0, 09756

CM (H3PO4) = (0,0350 0,0016) M


Nhnxt:

- Chun nc 1 by gi c c s tham gia ca H+ t H2SO4nn vic chun din ra din ra


chm, t l th tch khng phi 1 : 2 na, v vic xc nh mu trung gian (xm nh xanh)
trnh sai s qu ln gp kh khn.

- Phn th nghim ny da vo th nghim trn lc chun H3PO4 vi cng cht ch


th v cng cch tin hnh, do lc chun H3PO4 th sai lch nng ca dung dch
khi chun bng 2 phng php vi 2 ch th khc nhau cng khng ng k nn p
dng kt hp chun xc nh nng trong hn hp 2 acid, ng thi do pKa2
ca H2SO4 xp x pKa1 ca H3PO4 nn c th chun cng lc nc 2 ca H2SO4 v

nc 1 ca H3PO4 vi cng cht ch th, tuy nhin s b mc sai s ln hn khi chun


2 acid ring l; cn nc 2 ca H3PO4 th chun bng ch th khc. Nhng m
khng phi hn hp 2 cht no cng c th bng phng php chun xc nh
nng c.

H v tn: Nguyn Th Th
Mssv:

1014212

M s dung dch kim tra : 25


V1 (mL)
10,00
10,40
14,10

H3PO4 + H2SO4
Nc 1
NaOH
Nc 2

V2 (mL)
10,00
10,35
14,10

V3 (mL)
10,00
10,40
14,20

Vtb (mL)
10,00
10,38
14,13

hn hp

= ( 10,00 0,02 ) mL
NaOH-I

= 10,38 + 0,02 = 10,40 mL

NaOH-II

= 14,13 + 0,02 = 14,15 mL

Nng H2SO4 sau khi nh mc thnh 100mL :


CM ( H 2SO4 ) =

C M ( NaOH ) * ( 2VI VII ) 0, 09756*( 2 * 10,40 14,15)


=
= 0, 03244M
2Vhh
2 * 10, 00

t:

W = 2* 10,40 14,15 = 6,65 mL

W1 0,95

t
*s
*s

= 2 * 0,95;f 3;V I + 0,95;f 3;V II


n
n

4,30* 0, 02887 4,30 * 0, 02887

= 2*
+
= 0,1603
3
3

W10,95 1, 96* pipet N ( NaOH )

+
V ( NaOH ) Vhh * 3 C N ( NaOH )
2

0,95;N H 2SO4 = CM ( H 2SO 4 )

0,1603 1,96*0, 02 0, 00066


= 0, 03244.
+
+
= 0, 00079M
6, 65 10, 00* 3 0, 09756

CM (H2SO4) = (0,03244 0,00079) M


Nng H3PO4 sau khi nh mc thnh 100mL:
C M (H3 PO4 ) =

t:

( VII VI ) *CM ( NaOH ) = ( 14,15 10, 40 ) *0, 09756 = 0, 03658M


Vhh

10, 00

WII = 14,15 10,40 = 3,75 mL


2

W1 0,95

t
*s
*s

= 2 * 0,95;f 3;V I + 0,95;f 3;V II


n
n

4,30* 0, 02887 4,30 * 0, 02887

= 2*
+
= 0,1603
3
3


1,96* pipet N ( NaOH )
0,95;N H3PO 4 = CM ( H 3PO 4 ) W10,95 +
V ( NaOH ) V * 3 + C ( NaOH )
N

hh

0,1603 1,96*0, 02 0, 00066


= 0, 03658.
+
+
= 0, 0015M
3, 75 10, 00* 3 0, 09756

CM (H3PO4) = (0,0366 0,0015) M

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