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MSSV: 1014220
H v tn
: Nguyn Th Th
MSSV: 1014212
M s thc tp :
T3 - 17
CN = (0,100000 0,000035) N
pKa2 = 4,27
1. Nguyn tc:
-
Khi pha dung dch chun t dung dch cho trc trong phng th nghim, c th
trong qu trnh bo qun, nng ca NaOH c th gim i do tc dng vi CO2 ha tan trong
nc.
-
Ta s dng dung dch H2C2O4 chun dung dch NaOH va pha trn.
H2C2O4 + 2OH-
C2O42- + 2H2O
= 4,14 + 3 = 7,14
F = 2,000
F = 2,001
2. Lu :
3. Kt qu:
Acid oxalic
V1 (ml)
10,00
NaOH
9,80
9,90
9,85
Vtb(ml)
10,00
9,85
V ( H 2C 2O 4 ) * C N ( H 2 C2 O4
V(NaOH)
)=
10, 00 * 0,100000
= 0,101317N
9,87
2
0,95;N NaOH
1,96* pipet
V ( NaOH) * n V( H C O ) * n
2 2 4
(H C O )
+ N 2 2 4
C N ( H 2C 2O 4 )
P
0, 00063
= 1
= 0,994(99, 4%)
C N ( NaOH )
0,10132
4. Nhn xt:
Cn ch khi pha dung dch NaOH xong phi bo qun cn thn, hn ch dung dch
tip xc vi khng kh, v NaOH s hp th CO2 lm sai lch nng NaOH tnh c.
- V NaOH pha c s c dng chun cho cc th nghim pha sau nn cn tin hnh
th nghim ny cn thn, chnh xc tnh c nng NaOH ng nht, trnh sai s
nhng tnh ton ca nhng th nghim sau bi v lan truyn sai s s gy ra sai lch ln rt
ng tic.
- Khi tin hnh pha long NaOH ta khng nn dng dd NaOH 3M hay 6M c sn trong phng
th nghim m nn dng NaOH bo ha 19M v dung dch NaOH long trong khng kh s
cha ion CO32-, dung dch NaOH bo ho 19M nu c ion CO32- s kt tinh mui Na2CO3 rn
lng xung di.
-
Hin tng ta quan st c l dung dch trong erlen chuyn sang mu hng nht v
II.
2OH-
SO42- +
H2O
pH = pK2 + lg
F = 2,000
= 1,9 + 3 = 4,90
pH = 7,00
F = 2,001
pH = 14 - lg(0,001C0) = 10,00
H2SO4
NaOH
V1 (mL)
5,00
9,10
Vtb (mL)
5,00
9,15
C N ( H 2SO 4 ) =
N ( H 2SO4 )
= C ( H SO )
N
2
4
t 0,95;f * sn,V
N ( NaOH )
1,96 * X
+
+
V ( NaOH ) * n V ( H SO ) * n C N ( NaOH )
2
4
OH-
H2PO4- +
H2O
H2PO4-
OH-
HPO42- +
H2O
HPO42-
OH-
PO43-
H2O
- V nc 3 phn ly qu yu nn ta ch xt n s phn ly ca nc 1 v nc 2
3. Kt qu:
Nc 1: ch th hn hp c pT = 5,1
H3PO4
Nc 1
Nc 2
NaOH
Nc 2: ch th hn hp c pT = 10,2
V1 (mL)
V2 (mL)
V3 (mL)
10,00
10,00
10,00
7,80
7,85
7,83
15,80
15,83
15,75
Nc 1:
V(H3PO4) = (10,00 0,02) mL
V(NaOH) = 7,83 + 0,01 = 7,84 mL
3
Nng mol ca H PO :
Vtb (mL)
10,00
7,83
15,78
C M ( H 3PO 4 ) =
0,95;C H3 PO 4
1,96 *
pipet
= CM ( H3PO 4 ) * t 0,95;f *s n,V1 +
V( NaOH ) * n
VH3 PO4 * n
2
N ( NaOH )
+
C N ( NaOH )
Nc 2:
Nng mol ca H PO :
C M ( H 3PO 4 ) =
0,95;C H3 PO 4
1,96 *
pipet
= CM ( H3PO 4 ) * t 0,95;f *s n,V2 +
V( NaOH ) * n VH PO * n
3 4
2
N ( NaOH )
+
C N ( NaOH )
- Khi chun acid H3PO4 bng NaOH, ta dng cht ch th hn hp pT=5,1 cho nc 1
v pT = 10,2 cho nc 2, nh vo s chuyn mu r rt (t ngt t nho sang xanh
lc cho trng hp pT = 5,1, khng i n lc mu lc tht m mi kt thc chun
Nc 2:
2. Kt qu:
Nc 1: ch th hn hp c pT = 5,1
H3PO4 + H2SO4
Nc 1
NaOH
Nc 2
V(hn hp) = (10,00 0,02) mL
VNaOH-I = 11,35 + 0,02 = 11,37 mL
Nc 2: ch th hn hp c pT = 10,2
V1 (mL)
V2 (mL)
V3 (mL)
10,00
10,00
10,00
11,40
11,30
11,35
15,90
15,93
16,00
Vtb (mL)
10,00
11,35
15,94
CM ( H 2SO4 ) =
t:
0,95;W1
3
3
3
3
+
V
NaOH
(
)
V
*
3
C N ( NaOH )
hh
2
0,95;C H2 SO4 = CM
H 2SO 4
= 0, 278
Nng H3PO4 :
C M (H3 PO4 ) =
t:
0,95;W 2
Vhh
buret
1,96 * pipet N ( NaOH )
+
V ( NaOH ) Vhh * 3 C N ( NaOH )
2
V.
Xc nh hm lng N (%) trong NH4Cl bng phng php chun thay th.
1. Mc ch:
V1 (mL)
16,60
Tnh T
NaOH/N
Tnh %N:
%N =
t
*s 1,96* pipet 0,95;N NaOH
0,95;% N = %N * 0,95;f 3,V +
+
V
V
C N ( NaOH )
*
3
*
3
NaOH
NH
Cl
%N = (23,48412 0,00010)%.
3. Nhnxt:
-
VI.
2. Kt qu:
Borax
HCl
V1 (mL)
10,00
10,20
Ch th hn hp c pT = 5,4
V2(mL)
V3(mL)
10,00
10,00
10,25
10,20
Vtb(mL)
10,00
10,22
C N ( HCl ) =
t
* s 1,96 * pipet N borax
N ( HCl ) = C N ( HCl ) 0,95;f 3,V +
V * 3 V * 3 + C
HCl
borax
N borax
chnh xc:
N ( HCL )
C N ( HCl )
= 1
0,00072
= 0,993(99,3%)
0,09766
3. Nhnxt:
Cng ging nh NaOH, dung dch HCl pha c s c dng chun cho cc th
nghim pha sau nn cn tin hnh th nghim ny cn thn, chnh xc tnh c nng
HCl ng nht, trnh sai s nhng tnh ton ca nhng th nghim sau bi v lan
truyn sai s s gy ra sai lch ln rt ng tic kt qu.
Khi dng ch th pT 5.1 th th tch chun c cng nh ch th pT 5.4
Cht gc c xc nh y l dung dch borax, c c im l thnh phn t b thay
i bi mi trng v khi lng phn t ln( gip cho sai s nh) nhng c nhc
im l tan trong nc thp. Cng c th dng cht gc l Na2CO3 nhng c nhc
im l d b thay i thnh phn do mi trng CO2 v hi H2O.
Do y l php chun ly HCl lm cht chun nn ta phi lm tht cn thn
trnh gy sai s cho cc php chun v sau. Ngoi ra, vi khong bc nhy pH nh trn
ta c 3 ch th chn l metyl da cam vi pT= 4,0, ch th hn hp pT= 5,1, v ch
th Tashiro pT=5,4, trong 3 ch th ny ta khng nn chn metyl da cam v n s gy ra sai
s tha ln.
VII.
Na2CO3
Nc 1
Nc 2
HCl
Vtb (mL)
10,00
11,43
20,63
Nc 1:
Nng mol ca Na CO :
C M ( Na 2CO 3 ) =
N ( Na 2 CO3 )
V
C N ( HCl )
V
HCl
*
3
*
3
(
)
Na 2 CO3
Nc 2 :
Nng mol ca Na CO :
C M ( Na 2CO 3 ) =
M ( Na 2CO 3 )
C N ( HCl ) * V ( HCl )
2 * V ( Na 2CO 3 )
0,09766 * 20,67
= 0,10093M
2 *10,00
V
C N ( HCl )
V
HCl
*
3
*
3
(
)
Na 2 CO3
VIII.
NaHCO3 + Na2CO3
Nc 1
HCl
Nc 2
Nc 2 dng ch th pT=4,0
V2 (mL)
V3 (mL)
10,00
10,00
5,50
5,45
13,40
13,50
V1 (mL)
10,00
5,40
13,45
Nc 1:
Nng ng lng ca Na CO :
Vtb (mL)
10,00
5,45
13,45
C N ( Na 2 CO3 ) =
C N ( HCl ) * V ( HCl )
Vhh
t 0,95;2 * s3,V
I
V( HCl ) * 3
N ( Na 2 CO3 ) = C N ( Na 2 CO3 )
0,09766 * 5,46
= 0,05332N
10,00
2
2
1,96 *
N ( HCl )
pipet
+
+
V ( Na 2CO 3 ) * 3 C N ( HCl )
Tng 2 nc :
C N ( NaHCO3 ) =
= 0,02490N
Va
t 0,95;2 * s3;VII
=
VII * n
t0,95;2 * s3;VI
+ 2 *
VI * n
N ( NaHCO 3 ) = C N ( NaHCO3 )
4,30 * 0,05000
=
13, 47 * 3
4,30 * 0,0500
+ 2 *
5, 46 * 3
N ( HCl )
1,96 * pipet
Va
+
+
Va V ( NaHCO3 ) * 3 CN ( HCl )
2
=0, 4639
TR LI CU HI
Cu 1: So snh chnh xc ca cc kt qu phn tch sau y v sp xp th t theo
chnh xc:
CNaOH
(0,10063
0,00037) N
(A)
CHCl
Tr li:
(0,12965
0,00060) N
(B)
(0,6198
0,0030) g
(C)
chnh xc ca cc gi tr nh sau:
CNaOH
0, 00037
= 99, 6%
0,10063
CHCl
0, 00060
= 99,54%
0,12965
0, 0030
= 99, 52%
0, 6198
H+ + OH- = H2O
VI = Va + Vb
Khi dung chi thi co pT= 10,2 co phng trinh chun :
H+ + OH- = H2O
CHCl=
CH3PO4=
t W= VII 2VI
2
0.95(NaHCO3) = m(NaHCO3)1.96 NHCl + W + Vbimhmuc + Vpipet
Acid oxalic
NaOH
V1 (mL)
10,00
10,20
Vtb(mL)
10,00
10,23
N ( NaOH ) = C N ( NaOH )
V ( H 2C 2O 4 ) * C N (H 2C 2O 4
V(NaOH)
2
)=
10, 00 * 0,100000
= 0, 097656N
10, 25
2
z 0,95 *s3,V
z 0,95 * pipet
V ( NaOH ) * 3 V( H C O ) * 3
2 2 4
(H C O )
+ N 2 2 4
C N ( H 2 C 2 O4 )
1014220
H3PO4 + H2SO4
Nc 1
NaOH
Nc 2
V1 (mL)
10,00
10,50
14,10
V2 (mL)
10,00
10,55
14,10
V3 (mL)
10,00
10,55
14,15
Vtb (mL)
10,00
10,53
14,12
hn hp
= ( 10,00 0,02 ) mL
NaOH-I
NaOH-II
t:
W1 0,95
t
*s
*s
= 2*
+
= 0,1603
3
3
1, 96* pipet N ( NaOH )
0,95;N H 2SO4 = CM ( H 2SO4 ) W10,95 +
V ( NaOH ) V * 3 + C ( NaOH )
N
hh
C M (H3 PO4 ) =
t:
10, 00
W1 0,95
t
*s
*s
= 2*
+
= 0,1603
3
3
1,96* pipet N ( NaOH )
0,95;N H3PO 4 = CM ( H3 PO4 ) W10,95 +
V ( NaOH ) V * 3 + C ( NaOH )
N
hh
H v tn: Nguyn Th Th
Mssv:
1014212
H3PO4 + H2SO4
Nc 1
NaOH
Nc 2
V2 (mL)
10,00
10,35
14,10
V3 (mL)
10,00
10,40
14,20
Vtb (mL)
10,00
10,38
14,13
hn hp
= ( 10,00 0,02 ) mL
NaOH-I
NaOH-II
t:
W1 0,95
t
*s
*s
= 2*
+
= 0,1603
3
3
+
V ( NaOH ) Vhh * 3 C N ( NaOH )
2
t:
10, 00
W1 0,95
t
*s
*s
= 2*
+
= 0,1603
3
3
1,96* pipet N ( NaOH )
0,95;N H3PO 4 = CM ( H 3PO 4 ) W10,95 +
V ( NaOH ) V * 3 + C ( NaOH )
N
hh