(YRC) - Outsourcing Va Thuc Trang Gia Cong Xuat Khau Phan Mem Cua Viet Nam

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DANH MC BNG BIU __________________________________________ i DANH MC K HIU VIT TT ___________________________________ ii LI M U ____________________________________________________ 1 PHN I: MT S VN C BN V OUTSOURCING V SOFTWARE OUTSOURCING__________________________________________________ 3 1.1. MT S VN C BN V OUTSOURCING THU NGOI _ 4 1.1.1. Khi nim v c im ______________________________________ 4 1.1.2. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin _______________________________ 6 1.1.3. Cc loi hnh outsourcing ____________________________________ 8 1.1.4. Quy trnh outsourcing _______________________________________ 9 1.1.5. Vai tr ca outsourcing _____________________________________ 11 1.1.6. Nhng hn ch ca outsourcing ______________________________ 14 1.2. MT S VN C BN V SOFTWARE OUTSOURCING GIA CNG PHN MM _____________________________________________ 16 1.2.1. Khi nim _______________________________________________ 16 1.2.2. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ______________________________ 18 1.2.3. Quy trnh thc hin gia cng phn mm ________________________ 19 1.2.4. Vai tr ca gia cng phm mm ______________________________ 20 1.2.5. Nhng hn ch ca gia cng phn mm ________________________ 21 1.2.6. Tiu chun nh gi nng lc sn xut phn mm ________________ 22 1.3. K THUT PHN TCH S.W.O.T ___________________________ 23 PHN 2: VI NT V GIA CNG PHN MM XUT KHU CA MT S NC TRN TH GII V THC TRNG TI VIT NAM _______ 26 2.1. TNH HNH GIA CNG PHN MM XUT KHU CA N V TRUNG QUC _________________________________________________ 27 2.1.1. n __________________________________________________ 31
http://svnckh.com.vn
2.1.2. Trung Quc ______________________________________________ 36 2.2. THC TRNG NGNH GIA CNG PHN MM XUT KHU VIT NAM ____________________________________________________ 41 2.2.1. Khi qut v ngnh cng nghip gia cng phn mm Vit Nam ______ 41 2.2.2. i tc chin lc ca Vit Nam trong lnh vc phn mm _________ 45 2.2.3. Nhng doanh nghip phn mm Vit Nam tiu biu_______________ 47 2.2.4. Phn tch SWOT ngnh gia cng phn mm Vit Nam ____________ 56 PHN III: MT S KIN GP PHN PHT TRIN GIA CNG PHN MM VIT NAM ______________________________________________ 72 3.1. XU HNG GIA CNG PHN MM TRN TH GII TRONG NHNG NM TI _____________________________________________ 72 3.2. QUAN IM, NH HNG V MC TIU PHT TRIN NGNH CNG NGHIP PHN MM CA CHNH PH _____________________ 75 3.2.1. Quan im pht trin ______________________________________ 75 3.2.2. nh hng pht trin ______________________________________ 75 3.2.3. Mc tiu pht trin n nm 2010 ____________________________ 76 3.3. CC GII PHP CHIN LC QUC GIA CHO NGNH CNG NGHIP PHM MM ___________________________________________ 77 3.4. MT S KIN C TH GP PHN Y MNH PHT TRIN GIA CNG PHN MM VIT NAM _________________________________ 81 KT LUN _____________________________________________________ 87 DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO
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DANH MC BNG BIU

Bng 1: Phn bit Outsourcing Offshoring Contracting.4 Bng 2: Phn loi Outsourcing ..7 Bng 3: So snh tng quan Trung Quc v n ......8 Bng 4: Doanh thu chi tit ton ngnh CNTT Vit Nam (2002 2007).40 Bng 5: S liu v cc trng o to chuyn ngnh CNTT Truyn thng ti pha Nam v pha Bc.52 Bng 6: D tnh s sinh vin CNTT tt nghip trong nhng nm ti..55 Bng 7: Xu hng outsourcing trn th gii trong nhng nm ti..66 Bng 8: Nhm quc gia c cung/cu v outsourcing..67 Biu 1: Doanh thu d kin ca ngnh gia cng phn mm Trung quc (20012010)..36 Biu 2: Doanh thu ca ngnh CNPM Vit Nam (2002 2007)40 Biu 3: S pht trin s k s phn mm ti TMA (1997 - 2007)48 Biu 4: C cu cc trng o to chuyn ngnh CNTT pha Bc..54 Biu 5: C cu cc trng o to chuyn ngnh CNTT pha Nam... 54 Biu 6: nh gi kh nng ngoi ng ca nhn vin CNTT Vit Nam...57 Biu 7: C cu doanh nghip phn mm Vit Nam theo s nhn vin58 Biu 8: S pht trin thu bao in thoi v s ngi s dng Internet (2002 2007).59 S 1: Quy trnh outsourcing.8 S 2: Phng php lun M hnh phn tch S.W.O.T22 S 3: So snh mc cnh tranh v oursourcing ca mt s quc gia
[ii] Chu ...51
DANH MC K HIU VIT TT

BPO: Business Proccess Outsourcing - Thu ngoi hot ng sn xut kinh doanh BSA: Business Software Alliance - Lin minh Phn mm Doanh nghip CMM/ CMMI: Capability Maturity Model/ Integration CNPM: Cng nghip phn mm CNTT: Cng ngh thng tin HCA: Hi Tin hc thnh ph H Ch Minh HR: Human Resource - Ngun nhn lc IAOP: International Association of Outsourcing Professionals IT: Information Technology - Cng ngh thng tin ITO: Information Technology Outsourcing - Thu ngoi dch v cng ngh thng tin JITEC: Trung tm st hch k s CNTT Nht Bn KPO: Knowlegde Proccess Outsourcing - Thu ngoi Hot ng Nghin cu Thit k NASSCOM: National Ascociation of Software Services Companies - Hip hi Doanh nghip Phn mm n QA: Quality Assurance - Bo hnh cht lng
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[iii] R&D: Research and Development - Nghin cu v Pht trin SBI: Software Business Incubator - C.ty TNHH m to Doanh nghip Phn mm SEI: Software Engineering Institute - Vin K thut Phn mm UML: Unified Modeling Language Ngn ng M hnh UMTP: UML Modeling Technology Promotion Hip hi Xc tin K thut M hnh ha VINASA: Vietnam Software Association - Hip hi Doanh nghip Phn mm Vit Nam VITEC: Trung tm st hch CNTT v H tr o to VJC: VINASA Japan Club - Cu lc b VINASA Nht Bn
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LI M U
Tnh cp thit ca ti: Trong bi cnh ton cu ha nh hin nay, Vit Nam xc nh Cng nghip phn phm l ngnh t tri thc, cng ngh cao, c gi tr gia tng ln, to ra gi tr xut khu cao, gp phn quan trng vo s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc. Nn cng nghip phn mm nc ta, tuy vy, mi ang dn pht trin vn ra th trng th gii, cha to ra c thng hiu phn mm quc gia. Vy lm th no nhanh c th tn dng tt nhng li th m chng ta ang c a ngnh cng nghip ny pht trin tr thnh mt ngnh kinh t trng im trong nn kinh t quc dn trong nhng nm ti? Xut pht t thc t , tc gi quyt nh chn ti Outsourcing v thc trng gia cng xut khu phn mm ca Vit Nam Mc tiu nghin cu Thng qua c s l thuyt chung v outsourcing v software outsourcing (gia cng phn mm), ti s i n phn tch nh gi thc trng ngnh gia cng phn mm xut khu Vit Nam, t xut mt s kin gp phn nng cao hiu qu gia cng phn mm ni ring, v y mnh pht trin ngnh cng nghip phn mm ni chung. Ni dung v phm vi nghin cu Mc tiu xuyn sut ca ti l: phn tch, nh gi thc trng ngnh gia cng phn mm xut khu ca Vit Nam, kt hp vi vic nghin cu khi qut v kinh nghim thnh cng hai quc gia in hnh trn th gii trong lnh vc ny l Trung Quc v n . T vic phn tch im mnh, im yu, cng nh nhng c hi, thch thc i vi ngnh cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam, ti s i n mt s kin c th gp phn pht trin ngnh cng nghip ny ca nc ta. Phng php nghin cu ti ch yu s dng phng php tng hp, phn tch cc s liu thu thp c t internet, cc bi bo, bi nghin cu nh gi tnh hnh, trong c s dng k thut phn tch S.W.O.T, v cc phng php lng ha qua thng k, so snh biu . Kt cu ti ti bao gm ba phn chnh: Phn I: Mt s vn c bn v outsourcing v software outsourcing
2 Phn II: Vi nt v gia cng phn mm xut khu ca mt s quc gia trn th gii v thc trng ca Vit Nam Phn III: Mt s kin gp phn pht trin gia cng phn mm Vit Nam
PHN I: MT S VN C BN V OUTSOURCING V SOFTWARE OUTSOURCING

T khi ra i cho n nay, outsourcing (thu ngoi) lun c cc nh kinh t c bit quan tm ch . Mc d ngnh cng nghip ny mi ch xut hin v thc s pht trin mnh trong khong 20 nm gn y, song gi vai tr khng nh i vi s pht trin ca ton ngnh khoa hc cng ngh - thng tin. Theo nh gi ca Tin s Thomas Friedman, tc gi ca cun Th gii phng1, oursourcing l mt trong su nhn t tin quyt hnh thnh nn th gii phng. S pht trin ca ngnh cng nghip outsourcing v vn ang l tm im ca rt nhiu bi phn tch, bnh lun trn cc phng tin truyn thng cng cng nh truyn hnh, bo, i v Internet. Hin nay, trong s cc loi hnh outsourcing th ph bin nht l software outsourcing gia cng phn mm. Vy cu hi a ra l: Outsourcing hoc software outsourcing l g? Vai tr ca n vi nn kinh t th gii ra sao? V ti sao khng bao lu sau khi ra i outsourcing tr thnh mt xu th cho ngnh cng nghip - dch v th gii v c nhiu quc gia a chung? Trong chng u tin ca ti, tc gi mong mun a n mt ci nhn tng quan v s hnh thnh pht trin, vai tr cng nh mt s hn ch ca ngnh cng nghip hn cn kh mi m i vi khng t ngi.
Thomas L. Friedman (2005), The world is flat

1.1. MT S VN C BN V OUTSOURCING THU NGOI
1.1.1. Khi nim v c im

Mc d ngnh cng nghip outsourcing ra i cch y khong 20 nm (t nhng nm 1989) nhng cho n hin nay, cc chuyn gia kinh t ca Vit Nam vn cha thng nht a ra mt nh ngha chnh thc no v outsourcing, cng nh vic tm c mt cm t ting Vit chnh thc thay th cho thut ng outsourcing tht khng d dng. Tuy nhin, hin ti khi cp n outsourcing, cc thut ng ph bin thng c dng thay th hay s dng trong sch bo l thu ngoi hoc thu lm bn ngoi2.Trong bi vit ny, tc gi xin php c gi nguyn thut ng outsourcing m bo tnh chnh xc bi bn thn outsourcing l mt khi nim rt rng bao hm nhiu mng khc nhau ca nn kinh t. Trong mt bi vit trn tp ch CIO Asia v MIS Financial Review, Stephanie Overby, mt chuyn gia nghin cu v outsourcing, a ra mt nh ngha v outsourcing nh sau: Ty theo tng cch tip cn vi vn th c mt cch nh ngha khc nhau v outsourcing, tuy nhin xt mt cch cn bn, outsourcing chnh l vic chuyn mt phn cc dch v cho bn th ba. Ni mt cch khc, outsourcing v bn cht l mt giao dch, thng qua mt cng ty mua cc dch v t mt cng ty khc trong khi vn gi quyn s hu v chu trch nhim c bn i vi cc hot ng . C hai c im cn lu trong nh ngha v outsourcing ca Stephanie Overby: Th nht, outsourcing l chuyn mt phn cc dch v bao gm dch v cng ngh thng tin (ITO), dch v thuc qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh (BPO), v dch v nghin cu thit k (KPO). Vi mc ch chnh l ct gim chi ph hot ng
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Thomas L.Friedman, Th gii phng, NXB Tr (2007)

5 cho doanh nghip, nn phn dch v c outsource thng c th, khng qu phc tp, i hi s t m vi chi ph dch v mc trung bnh hoc thp. Th hai, bn th ba c nhc n khng ch l cc doanh nghip trong nc m c doanh nghip nc ngoi c thu outsource, thng c gi l thu ngoi ni bin (inshore outsourcing) v thu ngoi ngoi bin (offshore outsourcing). Ngoi ra, theo Wikipedia tng kt cc cng vic thng c outsource bao gm: CNTT, qun l ngun nhn lc, trang thit b v c s h tng, v k ton.Nhiu cng ty cng thc hin outsourcing vic h tr khch hng v trung tm cuc gi (call center), sn xut v k thut. Cng vi outsourcing cn c hai khi nim na thng c nhc n l offshoring v contracting. Tuy nhin, vic s dng cc thut ng ny hin nay cn c nhiu nhm ln do khng ch n s khc bit c bn gia chng. S khc bit gia ba khi nim ny c so snh nh sau: Bng 1: Phn bit Outsourcing Offshoring - Contracting Outsourcing Ging Khc V mi quan h gia bn mua dch v v bn cung cp dch v V phm vi a l Bn nhn outsource l mt cng ty khc, c lp hon ton vi cng ty giao outsource Cng ty nhn outsource c th l Cng ty nhn outsource l Cng ty nhn outsource l cng
Offshoring
Contracting
L vic doanh nghip hoc mt t chc thu mt cng ty thc hin ton b hay mt phn cng vic no cho h
C th ch l hot ng chuyn giao cng vic cho chi nhnh ca chnh php nhn .
6 cng ty trong nc hoc nc ngoi Hin nay trn th gii, khi nim offshoring hay thu ngoi ngoi bin vn c nhc n nh l mt phn, thm ch l phn ch yu, ca outsourcing.D khc nhau v ch n nhng cc hnh thc hp tc trn u c Friedman nh gi l nhng nhn t c vai tr c bit quan trng cu thnh v gp phn thc y qu trnh hnh thnh th gii phng. cng ty nc ngoi ty trong nc
1.1.2. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin

Ngy nay thut ng outsourcing tr nn ph bin vi nhiu ngi trn khp th gii, song khng phi ai cng hiu r v ngun gc hnh thnh ca loi hnh cng nghip ny.Thng qua tm hiu mt s ti liu nghin cu v lch s hnh thnh ca outsourcing3, ton b qu trnh pht trin ca outsourcing cho n nay c th khi qut thnh ba chng chnh: giai on s khai hnh thnh (t nm 1989 tr v trc), giai on pht trin (nhng nm 1990), v giai on hp tc chin lc (hin nay). 1.1.2.1. Giai on s khai (nhng nm 70 80 ca th k XX) K t cuc cch mng cng nghip, cc cng ty bt u lin kt tn dng nhng th mnh ca nhau m rng th trng v tng li nhun. M hnh ph bin ca th k 20 l mt cng ty lin doanh ln c th cng s hu, qun l, v trc tip iu hnh nm gi cc ngun lc. n nhng nm 50 v 60 ca th k XX, cc cng ty buc phi a dng ha hnh thc kinh doanh m rng c s v tn dng li th theo quy m t k vng tng li nhun, thm ch m rng vic qun l thnh cc cp khc nhau. Tuy nhin, mi vic thay i vo
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Rob Handfield (2006), A Brief History of Outsourcing, North Carolina State University
7 nhng nm 70 - 80 khi rt nhiu cng ty khng th cnh tranh ni trong bi cnh ton cu ha v thm ch b sp do b my qun l qu cng knh. tng kh nng linh hot v sng to, cc cng ty bt u pht trin chin lc kinh doanh mi, trong tp trung vo cc gi tr kinh doanh ct li v thu ngoi cc phn cn li. V d nh cc nh xut bn, vo thi im ny, h bt u thu ngoi vic bin son, in n, v ch hon thnh cng on cui ca vic xut bn. 1.1.2.2. Giai on pht trin (nhng nm 90 ca th k XX) n nhng nm 1990, khi cc doanh nghip bt u tp trung vo cc bin php ct gim chi ph, h p dng outsource ngy cng nhiu hn nhng hot ng cn thit vn hnh cng ty khng lin quan trc tip n gi tr kinh doanh ct li ca mnh. Do , cc cng ty bt u k kt hng lot hp ng vi nhng nh cung cp dch v k ton, qun tr nhn s, x l d liu, truyn th, bo v v trin khai k hoch, tt c u l loi cng vic lin quan n vic vn hnh4. Thc t, outsourcing gp phn khng nh trong vic gip cc nh qun l ct gim chi ph ci thin tnh hnh ti chnh cng ty. 1.1.2.3. Giai on hp tc chin lc (giai on hin nay) Trc y, khng mt doanh nghip no thu ngoi nhng hot ng mang gi tr ct li, mang li li th cnh tranh hoc to ra s khc bit cho doanh nghip . Thng thng, nhng hot ng ny gip doanh nghip khng nh v tr v uy tn cng ty i vi khch hng. Tuy nhin, n nhng nm 1990, vic p dng outsource i vi mt s nhng hot ng ny khng cn him hoi m thay vo li tr thnh mt chin lc qun l tt. V d, c nhng doanh nghip outsource dch v chm sc khch hng bi hot ng ny c xem l mt khu v cng quan trng trong qu trnh kinh doanh.
Matter of good housekeeping, A brief history of outsourcing, North Carolina State University
8 Ngy nay, ngi ta ngy cng quan tm hn ti vic hp tc pht trin i n mt kt qu ti u nht thay v ch ch trng n quyn s hu nh trc y. Do , cc doanh nghip c xu hng la chn dch v outsourcing da trn nhng hiu qu kinh t mang li cho mt hot ng nht nh, hn l da trn vic xem hot ng c phi gi tr ct li hay khng? 1.1.1. Cc loi hnh outsourcing Ty theo tiu ch c th phn loi outsourcing thnh cc loi hnh khc nhau nh di bng sau: Bng 2: Phn loi outsourcing
9 (Ngun: www.hallosolutions.com, Hallo Solutions details of Outsourcing)
1.1.2. Quy trnh outsourcing

Quy trnh outsourcing in hnh c bn bc c bn nh sau5: Inshore outsourcing (Thu ngoi ni a) Offshore outsourcing (Thu ngoi ngoi bin) BPO - Business Proccess Outsourcing (Thu ngoi hot ng sn xut kinh doanh) KPO - Knowlegde Proccess Outsourcing (Thu ngoi hot ng nghin cu thit k) ITO - Information Technology Outsourcing (Thu ngoi dch v cng ngh thng tin) Application Development and Maintenance (Pht trin ng dng v bo tr) Call centers Customer Service (Dch v tng i v chm sc khch hng) Disaster Recovery (Khi phc d liu sau s c) Finance and Accounting (Ti chnh v k ton) HR - Human Resources (Qun tr ngun nhn lc) QA - Quality Assurance and Testing (Bo hnh v kim tra) R&D (Research and Development) Supply Chain and Logistics (Chui cung cp v kho vn) Telecom and VoIP (Dch v vin thng) Transactional Outsourcing (Thu ngoi giao dch) Theo hnh Co-outsourcing alliances (ng thu ngoi) thc hp tc Strategic partnership (Hp tc chin lc)
Theo ranh gii a l
Theo ni dung outsourcing
Rob Handfield (2006), A Brief History of Outsourcing, North Carolina State University
10 S 1: Quy trnh outsourcing
(Ngu n: Shachindra Agarwal,Understanding Software Outsourcing, Swstragtegies)
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1.1.3. Vai tr ca outsourcing

Ngay t nhng ngy u pht trin, m hnh outsourcing t ra c u th v c cc cng ty nh gi cao.Theo cc ngun ti liu khc nhau 6, M c gn 60%, cn chu u c 45% tng s doanh nghip s dng dch v ca cc cng ty chuyn nghip trong lnh vc cung cp ngun nhn lc bn ngoi. D tnh trong nhng nm ti th trng outsourcing vn s tng tng nhanh chng vi s gia tng cc cng ty c nhu cu outsource cc cng vic t cp thp n cp cao ra bn ngoi, ng thi s cng ty cung cp dch v outsourcing cng tng ln. Trn thc t cng nhiu cng ty outsource th ri ro cng nh v cc doanh nghip c kinh nghim hn v c mc tiu r rng hn. Vy ti sao li c s gia tng trn? Trong kinh doanh hin i, outsourcing cho php mt doanh nghip s dng nhng dch v truyn thng da trn nhng iu kin linh hot, vi tng ch o l: m bo s mm do nhng nng ng, chi ph thp v c kh nng pht trin. Trong phn ny tc gi s c gng h thng li mt cch y nht nhng u im cng nh vai tr ca outsourcing trong hot ng ca doanh nghip.C th k n mt s nhng im ni bt nh: Chuyn mn ha cng vic Tit kim v ti c cu chi ph Tip cn cng ngh hin i Tn dng ngun nhn lc di do v la chn i tc c nng lc tt nht Gp phn tng nng sut lao ng Gip nng cao kh nng cnh tranh doanh nghip
www.bwportal.com
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Chuyn mn ha cng vic Mi cng ty u c th mnh ring ca mnh, v th vai tr u tin ca outsourcing l gip cho doanh nghip tp trung vo chuyn mn, v nng cao hiu qu ca cc hot ng khc bng cch s dng ngun nhn lc bn ngoi. Trong cng ty c mt s hot ng tuy khng tip xc trc tip vi khch hng (back office) nhng hu ht chng rt quan trng i vi cc cng vic hng ngy ca t chc.Thng qua outsource cc hot ng back office cho mt bn chuyn mn th ba qun l, cng ty c th tp trung vo cng vic kinh doanh chnh ca mnh. Ring i vi BPO, nh tm hiu, trong trng hp ny BPO s h tr doanh nghip bng vic m nhn trch nhim qun l cc hot ng back office hng ngy. Tit kim v ti c cu chi ph Xut pht t vic outsource cc lnh vc vn khng phi l th mnh ca mnh, nn cng ty s t phi quan tm hn ti nhng lnh vc ny, khng phi lo v vic lng ph ngun nhn lc hay chi ph qun l cho b my hot ng km hiu qu.i vi doanh nghip, vic s dng nhng nhn vin hp ng c trnh cao t cc nh cung cp chuyn nghip gip h tit kim chi ph ng k so vi vic ti thit mt h thng vn hnh ring trong cng ty. Ngoi ra, bng vic chn cc cng ty nhn outsource thch hp, doanh nghip c th tit kim chi ph v thu. Khng nhng tit kim chi ph, outsource cn gip ngun lc c phn b v chi ph c ti c cu mt cch hiu qu hn, theo , s u t nhiu vo cc lnh vc trng yu v chim u th, t nng cao hiu sut kinh doanh.
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Tip cn cng ngh hin i Mt cng ty mun u t vo cc cng ngh mi i hi phi c vn ln, chp nhn ri ro. Trong khi , th trng cng ngh lun thay i tng ngy tng gi nn s rt kh cc cng ty theo kp c nhng tin b v gii php cng ngh mi nht. Trong trng hp ny, ITO l mt gii php tt cho cc doanh nghip, n gip tip cn vi mt i ng nhn vin giu kinh nghim, c trnh cng ngh cao; ng thi s mang li cho khch hng kh nng linh ng trong vic la chn. Mt bi ton kh i vi b phn IT ni b l i mt vi s thay i lin tc ca cng ngh, lng vn u t ln cho cc thit b IT ni b i khi buc cng ty phi ti s dng nhng cng ngh li thi do cha kp khu hao ht. Chnh v th, khi thc hin ITO, cng ty s gim thiu c nhng hn ch v mt cng ngh ny, do bn nhn outsource s c trch nhim gii quyt chng. Tn dng ngun nhn lc di do v la chn i tc c nng lc tt nht vi ch ph hp l nht Hu ht cc hot ng outsourcing u c chuyn ra bn ngoi bin gii, m ch yu l ti cc quc gia ang pht trin hoc c nn kinh t chuyn i, cng v th nn doanh nghip ng trc c hi tip cn vi mt th trng nhn lc di do, i ng lao ng lnh ngh v vi chi ph hp l nht; ng thi c th tit kim chi ph tuyn dng, o to v mt s chi ph khc duy tr i ng lao ng trong cng ty.Ngoi ra, doanh nghip c kh nng tn dng cc kin thc chuyn mn m vn bn thn n khng c c. V vy, theo nh mt s nghin cu th trng cho thy, cng ty s tit kim 20-40% chi ph khi outsource vic qun l ngun nhn lc.
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Gp phn tng nng sut lao ng Bng vic thu lc lng lao ng ln c k nng vi chi ph thp, cc cng ty c th tng nng sut lao ng. Ly mt v d vi BPO, hot ng ny c kh nng gii phng cng ty khi trch nhim qun l cc quy trnh ko di t ngy ny qua ngy khc. Thng thng cc nh qun l s cn ti 80% thi gian qun l chi tit v ch cn 20% thi gian xy dng cc chin lc. Tuy nhin, khi hot ng kinh doanh c outsource thnh cng, t l ny s thay i, cc nh qun l c th cn i dnh nhiu thi gian hn xy dng chin lc. Bn cnh , cng ty c iu kin tt hn phn b li cc ngun lc cho cc d n quan trng, gip tit kim thi gian khm ph cc khu vc li nhun mi, tng s d n v tp trung vo chm sc khch hng. Gip nng cao kh nng cnh tranh ca doanh nghip Lnh o doanh nghip tm n m hnh dch v outsourcing khi h phi i din vi yu cu m bo nng lc cnh tranh ca mnh. Mt cng ty mun ng vng trn th trng, cn cung cp cc dch v c cht lng cao, v chi ph hp l tng ng. Khi s dng ngun lc bn ngoi, cng ty ch quan tm n gi c v cht lng dch v nhn c, cn cc ri ro ti chnh s nhng li cho cc nh cung cp, v th, cht lng dch v m cng ty quyt nh outsource cng ngy cng tng ln v hiu qu cao hn.
1.1.4. Nhng hn ch ca outsourcing

Bn cnh nhng u im m doanh nghip c th tn dng c t outsourcing, vn c cc mt hn ch ca dch v ny m mi cng ty cn cn nhc trc khi quyt nh c outsource khng:
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15 Cng ty outsource c th ri vo b ng Cng ty phi i mt vi nguy c mt kh nng kim sot vi cc chc nng c outsource Cng ty outsource c th ri vo b ng nu bn cung cp dch v t chi cung cp do b ph sn, khng c kh nng v ti chnh, ngun nhn lc, Cc cng ty c th li phi tm mt i tc khc, v bt u li ton b qu trnh outsource khi xy ra s c ny. Cng bi bn nhn outsouce c th ph sn m khng h c nhng du hiu bo trc r rng, nn s m bo tnh n nh ca bn cung cp dch v c coi l ri ro ln nht i vi bn outsource. Cng ty phi i mt vi nguy c mt kh nng kim sot vi cc chc nng c outsource Outsourcing i hi vic qun l quy trnh phi c chuyn sang cho bn cung cp dch v, v th ri ro mt quyn kim sot i vi quy trnh, chc nng c outsource l rt ln, trong mi lo ngi ln nht l v mc v cht lng cung cp dch v. V d nh khi dch v IT c outsource th cng ty outsource kh c th kim sot c mt cch trc tip phm vi d n, cng ngh, hay chi ph. Nu cng ty outsource khng hiu bit rt r v mng IT th s rt kh quyt nh xem h c nn chp nhn mt yu cu no t pha i tc hay khng, v trong trng hp ny d xy ra ri ro. Ngoi nhng ri ro nh nu trn, th bo mt c s d liu cng l mt vn cn quan tm. Cc d liu quan trng c th c a ra lu tr trong cc thit b bn ngoi cng ty outsource, v nu nhiu t chc khch hng khc nhau cng chia s mt c s h tng cng ngh chnh ca bn nhn outsource th nguy c ri ro v bo mt li cng cao.
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1.2. MT S VN C BN V SOFTWARE OUTSOURCING GIA CNG PHN MM Trong phn trc tc gi nghin cu v a ra khi qut chung v outsourcing t gip ngi c c c mt ci nhn tng qut: Th no l outsourcing? Outsourcing c hnh thnh v pht trin qua cc giai on ra sao? V vai tr ca outsourcing l g? Trong phn tip theo sau y s l s gii thiu v mt s vn c bn lin quan n software outsourcing (hay cn gi l gia cng phn mm) - mt hnh thc outsourcing rt ph bin.
1.2.1. Khi nim

Mt s khi nim lin quan n gia cng phn mm: phm mm, sn phm v dch v phn mm v dch v gia cng phn mm. Phn mm: Lut cng ngh thng tin 2007 c nh ngha v phn mm nh sau Phn mm l chng trnh my tnh c m t bng h thng k hiu, m hoc ngn ng iu khin thit b s thc hin chc nng nht nh7 Khi nim phn mm c a ra phn bit vi khi nim phn cng, cc phn hu hnh ca h thng my tnh bao gm b x l trung tm, bn phm, mn hnh, linh kin v cc thit b lin quan, Ty theo cch thc phn loi m c th chia phn mm thnh nhiu loi khc nhau, tuy nhin, tc gi ch cp n cch phn chia da vo mc ch s dng. Theo tiu ch ny c th phn chia phn mm thnh 3 loi: phn mm h thng, phn mm ng dng, v phn mm lp trnh. Phn mm h thng (System Software) cn gi l H iu hnh (Windows, Linux,): l nhng phn mm c vit ra nhm qun l v
Lut cng ngh thng tin 2007, iu 4,khon 12

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17 iu hnh mi hat ng ca my tnh mc h thng, lm nn tng cho phn mm ng dng chy trn . Phn mm ng dng (Application Software): c thit k tn dng sc mnh ca my tnh trong vic thc hin cc nhim v c th. Phm mm lp trnh (Coding/ Programming Software): c vit vi muc ch chuyn ti ngn ng ngi dng thnh ngn ng m my tnh c th thc hin c cc yu cu c th, v ngy cng tr nn thn thin vi ngi dng hn. Sn phm phm mm: Quyt nh s 128/2000 Q TTg ca Chnh ph c nh ngha nh sau Sn phm phn mm l phn mm c sn xut v c th hin hay lu tr bt k mt dng vt th no, c th mua bn hoc chuyn giao cho i tng khc s dng. Sn phm phn mm c th chia thnh 3 loi chnh: Phn mm nhng, phn mm ng gi, phn mm chuyn dng, v sn phm thng tin s ha: Phn mm nhng (Embedded Software): c nh sn xut thit b ci sn vo thit b v c s dng cng thit b m khng cn c s ci t ca ngi s dng. Phm mm ng gi (Packaged Software): c th s dng sau khi ngi s dng hoc nh cung cp dch v ci t vo cc thit b hay h thng. Phn mm chuyn dng: c pht trin theo yu cu c th, ring bit ca khch hng. Sn phm thng tin s ha: ni dung thng tin s ha c lu trn mt vt th nht nh Dch v phn mm: bao gm cc dch v xoay quanh vic cung cp sn phm phn mm nh: t vn phn mm, tch hp v cung cp h thng, gia cng phn mm, o to phn mm, dch v phn mm ti ch (onsite service).
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18 Dch v gia cng phn mm: l dch v m bn nhn gia cng s thc hin mt phn hoc ton b cc bc trong qu trnh sn xut ra mt sn phm phn mm hon chnh cho bn t gia cng8. Hin nay, cc cng ty t gia cng ch yu vn l cc cng ty nhng nc pht trin trong h s nh ot sn phm. Nhim v ca bn nhn gia cng l lm tha mn cc yu cu ca n v thu gia cng m khng tham gia vo vic kinh doanh. Nh vy, gia cng phn mm ch l mt giai on trong qu trnh sn phm n vi ngi tiu dng, v d n v nhn gia cng tuy lm trn vn, ton phn phm mm nhng vic khc c bn vi vic Mua hay t hng phn mm. Cng chnh do s khc bit v a l ca hai bn i tc, nn khi nim v gia cng phn mm (Software outsourcing) thng c hiu l gia cng phn mm xut khu (Offshore software outsourcing).
1.2.2. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin

Gia cng phn mm l hnh thc pht trin sm nht, ra i cng vi s xut hin ca outsourcing ni chung. Qua mt s ti liu v lch s hnh thnh ca gia cng phn mm9, c th thy thi dim nm 1989 c xem nh mc khi im ca dch v ny vi s kin cng ty Eastman Kodak k hp ng vi ba cng ty tin hc ln l IBM, DEC, Businessland thit lp v vn hnh h thng tin hc trong ni b cng ty. Tuy nhin, vo u cui nhng nm 80 hoc u nhng nm 90 ca th k XX, gia cng phn mm cn t c ngi ta nhc n.Trn thc t lc dch v c s dng ch yu l body shopping, trong hng lot cc chuyn gia c gi sang Hoa K gii quyt cc d n ca khch hng. Sau , chnh s kin Y2K a dch v body shopping ln mt nc thang mi. Th trng cng ngh
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Computer and Information Technology ( 2005), The Fifth International Conference on Volume , Issue Shachindra Agarwal (2007), Understanding Software Outsourcing, The SW strategies
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19 thng tin vo u nhng nm 2000 b sp lm cho cc chuyn gia tin hc phi t Hoa K tr v nc. Cng lc ny, s xut hin ca di tn sng bng thng rng xuyn qua i Ty Dng lm cho cc vin thng gia cc quc gia r hn cht lng cao hn. Cc CIO10 (gim c thng tin) ca M nhn thy mt iu rng, c hng nghn nhng chuyn gia phn mm nc ngoi c o to ti M sn sng lm vic vi mc lng ch bng 1/10 mc lng ca M. Cc nh qun l khng th b qua c hi ny, c bit khi tnh hnh ti chnh ang gp rc ri, v h quyt nh chuyn mt phn cng vic sang n .
1.2.3. Quy trnh thc hin gia cng phn mm

Khng hon ton ging vi cc hnh thc gia cng khc, bn t gia cng trong gia cng phn mm s khng cung ng nguyn liu th bn nhn ch vic tin hnh sn xut. Trong trng hp ny, bn t gia cng s yu cu bn nhn s dng mt ngn ng lp trnh nht nh, v nhim v ca bn nhn l phi t tm hiu ngn ng , tip theo s tin hnh thc hin theo yu cu ca khch hng. Nhn chung, quy trnh thc hin gia cng phn mm ca bn nhn gia cng s gm cc bc sau11: Phn tch yu cu: Nhn c yu cu t khch hng, bn nhn gia cng s phn tch k cng, t vn thm v chc nng ca phn mm nhm mang li hiu qu cao nht. Thit k cc chc nng: Sau khi nm ton b yu cu, bn nhn s tin hnh phn tch v thit k kin trc cho phn mm (Chc nng, thao tc, i tng s dng, m hnh x l thng tin, giao din, ) theo ng yu cu bn t gia cng; v tt c s c ghi nhn li thnh ti liu k thut.
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Chief Information Officer Edward M.Brancheau (2008), The Ultimate Guide to Software Outsourcing, Enzine Articles
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20 Xy dng phn mm: Lp k hoch chi tit, c th, s dng cng ngh tin tin, theo di, qun l v iu chnh qu trnh pht trin phn mm sao cho hp l. Kim tra cht lng phn mm: Nhn vin kim tra cht lng phi kim tra tng chc nng nh nht ca phn mm, nu pht hin li phi nhanh chng thng bo cho nhn vin lp trnh kp thi khc phc. Chuyn giao: Sau khi hon tt cc bc trn, bn nhn gia cng s thc hin bn giao li sn phm cho khch hng, c th km theo hng dn khch hng v cch ci t v vn hnh. Bo tr: Thc hin hp ng gia cng xong, hai bn i tc vn thng xuyn gi mi lin h, v bn nhn gia cng s thc hin bo tr khi c yu cu. i vi bn t gia cng, c hai vn ln cn ch l: Chn c i tc mt cch cn trng v phi t mt thi hn c nh (nn xc nh trc khi tin hnh chn cc i tc). Trong cng cn xc nh nhng mc tiu trong tng giai on, iu ny gip cho bn t gia cng c th tip cn vi tin trnh thc hin d n v m bo rng n c tin hnh theo ng nh d nh.
1.2.4. Vai tr ca gia cng phm mm

L mt trong cc hnh thc ca ngnh cng nghip xut khu phn mm, gia cng phn mm c vai tr quan tng i quan trng i vi c hai bn i tc trong hp ng gia cng. i vi nc nhn gia cng, ch yu l cc nc ang pht trin v nc c nn kinh t chuyn i, gia cng phn mm gip cc nc ny c th tip cn vi cng ngh mi, lm quen dn vi th trng quc t. Ngoi ra, h khng phi lo u ra cho sn phm, lo thit k, to lp tng v sn phm, v khng yu cu vn ln. iu ny c bit ph hp vi cc doanh nghip va v nh bi thng c vn t, nhn lc mng, v thiu kin thc cnh tranh vi th trng quc t.
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21 i vi bn t gia cng: Ngy nay xu hng gia cng pht trin ngy cng mnh, ngoi l do tit kim chi ph cc cng ty t gia cng cn hng ti mc tiu c c cc gii php nhanh hn, tt hn. Cng do xu hng ny nn rt nhiu cng ty outsourcing u thc hin cc chnh sch thu ht nhn ti, v kt qu l h c th s hu nhiu chuyn gia CNTT. i ng ny s pht trin phn mm hay hon thnh sn phm theo yu cu ca khch hng vi cht lng tt, gi c hp l; ng thi m bo cung cp nhng gii php nhanh cho hng lot cc vn pht sinh.
1.2.5. Nhng hn ch ca gia cng phn mm

Mc d c vai tr quan trng vi c bn t v nhn gia cng, nhng gia cng phn mm hin nay vn cn nhiu im hn ch, m ch yu l bt li cho bn nhn gia cng. C th k n mt s nhng nhc im nh: Tng li nhun m vic bn sn phm phn mm cui cng mang li c th l rt ln nhng mc ph gia cng m cng ty nhn gia cng thu c rt nh b. Ngoi ra, vic nhn gia cng ng ngha vi vi vic gn nh h khng c th trng bit n, h khng c quyn s hu bn quyn vi sn phm.iu ny gy bt li vi cng ty v lu di, v khng xy dng c thng hiu, tn tui doanh nghip. Cng xut pht t vic ch vic nhn yu cu ca bn t gia cng, nn cng ty nhn gia cng s b th ng t khu sn xut n khu tiu th, khng ch ng trong vic tip cn th trng, gim nng lc cnh tranh. Tuy nhin, xt trong ngn hn, khi cng ty cn hot ng vi quy m nh th y li l mt li th, bi c th hc hi c cng ngh mi, tn dng c h thng phn phi sn c ca i tc.
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1.2.6. Tiu chun nh gi nng lc sn xut phn mm

Trong phn ny tc gi xin c cp ti m hnh nh gi nng lc sn xut phn mm CMM / CMMI bi y c coi nh l giy thng hnh" gip doanh nghip phn mm to li th trong qu trnh cnh tranh ginh hp ng t pha i tc nc ngoi.
Khi nim CMM / CMMI (Capability Maturity Model/ Integration) l chun qun l quy trnh cht lng ca cc sn phm phn mm c p dng cho tng loi hnh cng ty khc nhau. l mt b khung (framework) nhng tiu chun ra cho mt tin trnh sn xut phn mm hiu qu do Vin K thut SEI (Software Engineering Institute) lin kt vi i hc Carnegie Meelon Hoa K pht trin. SEI cng b ln u tin m hnh CMM vo nm 1993 di hnh thc SWCMM (Software CMM) v CMMI sau ny l mt phin bn ci thin t CMM, v l sn phm ca s cng tc gia SEI v chnh ph Hoa K. Ni dung m hnh CMM / CMMI C hai m hnh ny u bao gm 5 mc: khi u, lp li c, c nh ngha, c qun l v ti u. Ring i vi m hnh CMMI c 4 dng l CMMiSW (dnh cho cng ngh phn mm), CMMi-SE/SW (dnh cho cng ngh h thng v phn mm), CMMi-SE/SW/IPPD (dnh cho cng ngh h thng + cng ngh phn mm vi vic pht trin sn phm v quy trnh tch hp), CMMiSE/SW/IPPD/SS (dnh cho cng ngh h thng + cng ngh phn mm vi vic pht trin sn phm v quy trnh tch hp c s dng thu ph).
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23 u im ca vic p dng m hnh i vi nhng nh qun l th vic t chc ca mnh p dng CMM/ CMMI s mang li s kh dng v mt chi ph, thi gian biu, chc nng v cht lng sn phm phn mm. Chun ny gip ngi tip cn c th la chn mt m hnh cho quy trnh pht trin phn mm thch hp vi tng sn phm c th, gim thiu c cc li tim n ca phn mm, khc phc v hn ch nhng ri ro c th xy ra trong qu trnh xy dng h thng phn mm. Ngoi ra, m hnh cn gip i tc nh gi kh nng v tnh chuyn nghip ca nhng ngi cng tham gia d n. Chnh v th, nu mt doanh nghip gia cng phn mm c chng nhn chun m hnh ny, s c nhiu li th trong vic ginh c cc hp ng ca i tc nc ngoi.
1.3. K THUT PHN TCH S.W.O.T

K thut S.W.O.T s c s dng trong phn tip theo ca ti nh gi v thc trng hin nay ca ngnh cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam, v th trong phn ny tc gi xin c gii thiu mt s l thuyt chung nht v m hnh. M hnh phn tch S.W.O.T l mt cng c rt hu dng cho vic nm bt v ra quyt nh trong mi tnh hung i vi bt c t chc kinh doanh no. Vit tt ca 4 ch Strengths (u im), Weaknesses (Nhc im), Opportunities (c hi) v Threats (Thch thc), S.W.O.T l mt khung l thuyt cung cp mt cng c phn tch chin lc, r sot v nh gi v tr, nh hng ca mt cng ty, cc xut kinh doanh, hoc bt c tng no lin quan n quyn li ca doanh nghip Phn tch S.W.O.T l phn tch cc yu t mi trng bn ngoi m doanh nghip phi i mt (cc c hi v thch thc) cng nh cc yu t thuc mi
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24 trng ni b doanh nghip (cc u, nhc im). y l mt vic lm kh i hi nhiu thi gian, cng sc, chi ph, kh nng thu nhp, phn tch v x l thng tin sao cho hiu qu nht. Kt qu ca qu trnh phn tch S.W.O.T phi m bo c tnh c th, chnh xc, thc t v kh thi v doanh nghip s s dng kt qu thc hin nhng bc tip theo nh: hnh thnh chin lc, mc tiu chin lc chin thut v c ch kim sot chin lc c th ng thi, nhng phn tch ny s gip tm ra cc vic cn phi lm v bin yu im hin ti thnh trin vng trong tng lai. S 2: Phng php lun - M hnh phn tch
S.W.O.T (Ngun: www.goldsmiths.ac.uk) Theo m hnh phn tch trn, bn thn cc doanh nghip hoc ngi nghin cu thng phi t ra cc cu hi gii p nh: Strengths (u im):
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25 i tng nghin cu c nhng li th g? Nhng cng vic no c th lm tt nht? Nhng ngun lc c th tn dng c? u th c cc ch th khc nh gi cao l g? Weaknesses (Nhc im): Nhng im no c th ci thin c tt hn? Nhng vic no thc hin km hiu qu nht? Nhng vic cn trnh l g? V sao i th cnh tranh c th lm tt hn? Khi xem xt n im yu ca i tng nghin cu, cn phi da trn c c s bn trong v bn ngoi mt cch khch quan nht. Opportunities (c hi): C hi tt ang u? Nhng xu hng ng quan tm no bit? C hi c th xut pht t s thay i cng ngh v th trng d l quc t hay trong phm vi hp, t s thay i trong chnh sch ca nh nc c lin quan ti lnh vc hot ng ca cng ty, hay t cc s kin din ra trong khu vc, Threats (Thch thc): Nhng tr ngi ang phi i mt l g? Cc i th cnh tranh ang lm g? Nhng i hi c th v cng vic, sn phm, dch v c thay i khng? S thay i ca mi trng bn ngoi c nguy c, e da g vi cng ty hay khng?
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Tm li: Trong chng u tin ca ti, tc gi gii thiu nhng nt c bn nht v outsourcing v software outsourcing (gia cng phn mm) gip ngi c c c ci nhn tng qut v lch s hnh thnh, vai tr cng nh mt s hn ch ca chng. ng thi m hnh phn tch SWOT cng c gii thiu nh l cng c nh gi v thc trng gia cng phn mm Vit Nam trong phn tip theo ca ti.
PHN 2: VI NT V GIA CNG PHN MM XUT KHU CA MT S QUC GIA TRN TH GII V THC TRNG CA VIT NAM
Cng nghip phn mm (CNPM), trong c xut khu phn mm (bao gm gia cng phn mm xut khu, xut khu phn mm ng gi, xut khu phn mm ti ch, xut khu lao ng phn mm), l ngnh kinh t c hm lng tr tu cao v mang li li nhun ln. S pht trin ngnh cng nghip phn mm thc s s mang li c hi v cng l ng lc thc y nn kinh t ca nhng quc gia ang pht trin nh Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, trong bi cnh nc ta hin nay, khi th phn ginh cho xut khu phn mm ti ch cn thp v xut khu lao ng phn mm cha sc vn ra th gii th vic tp trung vo gia cng phn mm vn l s la chn hng u trong thi gian ti. Theo nh bn d tho CNPM giai on 2006-2010 phin bn 6 do V cng nghip cng ngh thng tin - B Bu chnh vin thng12, CNPM Vit Nam hin ang trong giai on tng tc. Vy trong nhng nm qua, gia cng phn mm trn th gii cng nh Vit Nam v ang din ra ra sao, v chng ta cn lm g t c mc tiu ra? Trong khun kh
12
www.mfo.mquiz.net/wto, Ba kch bn cho ngnh cng nghip phn mm

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27 phn 2 ca bi vit ny tc gi ch cp n n v Trung Quc l hai quc gia tiu biu nht ca ngnh gia cng phn mm th gii t c th rt ra nhng bi hc kinh nghim m nc ta c th hc hi. ng thi, thng qua vic phn tch S.W.O.T thc trng gia cng phn mm xut khu Vit Nam, chng ta s thy r c u, nhc im, c hi v thch thc ca ngnh cng nghip nc nh?
2.1. TNH HNH GIA CNG PHN MM XUT KHU CA N V TRUNG QUC
Ngnh cng ngh n xut khu cc loi hnh dch v v sn phm phn mm u tin vo gia nhng nm 70 ca th k XX, song cho n mi nhng nm 1980 th mi bt u c nhng t ph trong lnh vc CNTT, c bit l lnh vc phn mm. Vi vn kinh nghim dy dn sau gn 30 nm pht trin vi, n vn ang gi v th l quc gia ng u trong lnh vc gia cng phn mm. Cn Trung Quc, ni trc y vn c xem l trung tm sn xut cng nghip, nghin cu v pht trin (R&D), v gia cng phn mm ch mi xut hin ti t nc ny t nm 2002. Nhng ch sau ba nm (2005), Trung Quc t c nhng thnh tu ng k v c nh gi s tr thnh i th ln nht ca cng quc cng ngh n . n nay (2008) iu thc s tr thnh s tht v Trung Quc hin l nc gia cng phn mm ln th hai trn th gii. Hin nay, n v Trung Quc l hai quc gia tiu biu c nhc n nhiu nht: mt t nc pht trin gia cng phn mm sm nht v mt t nc c ngnh gia cng phn mm t tc tng trng nhanh nht d thi gian gia nhp v pht trin cha lu. C hai quc gia ny hin nay u l ni c nhiu cng ty cng ngh hng u th gii m vn phng v chi nhnh hot ng. Vy cu hi t ra l: Nhn t no thc y s pht trin ngnh cng nghip gia cng phn mm mt cch mnh m nh vy c hai quc gia ny?
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28 Sau y tc gi s a ra mt bng tng hp nh gi cc yu t ch quan v khch quan trong qu trnh pht trin nn cng nghip gia cng phn mm ca n v Trung Quc.
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29 Bng 3: So snh tng quan v Trung Quc v n Trung Quc Khi qut v nn kinh t D bo tr thnh nn kinh t ng th 3 ton cu trc nm 2010 Tc tng trng kinh t n nh, t 11.40 % (xp th 9, trong cng nghip ng gp 49,2% v dch v l 39,1%) L mt trong nhng nn kinh t tng trng nhanh nht th gii Tc tng trng kinh t n nh, t 8.50 % (xp th 22, trong cng nghip ng gp 28,4% v dch v l 55%) n
C hi pht trin th trng IT ng dn th nht trn th gii (1.330.044.605) 7/2008 Nhu cu bn ngoi cao, nhu cu ni a thp tnh n thng ng dn th 2 trn th gii (1.147.995.898) 7/2008 Nhu cu bn ngoi v ni a u cao tnh n thng
u th ni tri Nhn lc di do, mi nm c thm 4,1 triu sinh vin IT tt nghip v Nhn lc di do, mi nm c thm 2,5 triu sinh vin IT v 400 nghn k
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30 600 nghn k s cng ngh Trnh k thut cng ngh tt Ngoi ng (ting Nht, Hn) tt, ting Anh tip tc c ci thin Nng lc qun l d n ln cha cao v thiu kinh nghim qun l cng ngh C s h tng vin tt v ang tip tc ci thin Chi ph lao ng, t ai, in thp Lng nhn vin thp, v vn l li th trong tng lai s cng ngh Trnh k thut cng ngh v dch v tt Ting Anh giao tip tt Cc doanh nghip phn mm hu ht u t tiu chun CMM hoc CMMI (mc 4 hoc 5) C s vin thng tt Gi dch v h tng v vin thng thp Lng nhn vin r, tuy nhin c xu hng tng ln
Mt s hn ch Tnh trng vi phm bn quyn vn ph bin. Cc quy nh bo v c s d liu cn yu. ang tng bc ci thin vic thc thi lut s hu tr tu Gim dn li th cnh tranh v chi ph trong tng lai
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31 (Ngun: Tng hp t Global Outsourcing Report 2007, International Association of Outsourcing Professionals (IAOP), v The world factbook, Center Intelligence Agency) Trong phn tip theo, tc gi s tm lc mt s kt qu ni bt nht m hai quc gia ny t c trong nhng nm qua, ng thi s tm hiu xem nhng nhn t no mang n cho h nhng thnh cng n vy, v xu hng pht trin trong nhng nm ti l g?
2.1.1. n
2.1.1.1. Thnh qu ni bt Ngay t nhng thp nin 90 ca th k trc, cng vi ch trng t do ha v m ca kinh t, chnh ph n c nhng u t chin lc t c mc tiu a n tr thnh mt siu cng v IT ca th gii. V vi phng chm quyt tm a cng ngh phn mm n ln thnh kiu mu ca sc mnh v thnh cng, Chnh ph n thnh cng trong vic a CNTT ln lm ngnh kinh t mi nhn, tp trung nhanh, mnh vo lnh vc phn mm, v nhanh chng c c thnh cng vt tri t nhng bc i u tin. T nhng nm 1980, gia cng phn mm n bt u pht trin, c nh du bng vic cng ty a quc gia Texas Instruments bt u c bit quan tm ti n nh mt trung tm sn xut phn mm ca th gii. V t n nay, hot ng xut khu sn phm phn mm vn tip tc c duy tr. Hot ng ny bao gm h thng cc doanh nghip, phn mm thit k v cc cng c qun tr d liu. Tuy nhin, xut khu sn phm phn mm khng chim t trng cao trong xut khu phn mm bng xut khu dch v phn mm.
31
32 Nh phn tch trong lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca gia cng phn mm phn 1 ca bi vit, khi u n ch yu thin v xut khu lao ng phn mm (body shopping), m a s l sang M. Vo cui nhng nm 1980, hot ng ny em li ti 75% doanh thu xut khu, tuy nhin gim xung cn 60% vo u nhng nm 2000, cho thy xu th chm li v thin v lm vic t xa ti cc vn phng trong nc. Theo s liu do NASSCOM (Hip hi doanh nghip phn mm n )13 cung cp th t nm 2000 ti 2001, n xut khu khong 5,1 t la M tng gi tr phn mm. Nm 2005, cc cng ty gia cng phn mm ca quc gia ny chim 2/3 thu nhp trong ngnh gia cng phn mm ca c th gii, ng gp 29% vo ton b lng phn mm xut khu, v b sung vo s tng trng thu nhp c nc 46%. Ti nm 2007, cng theo nh bo co ca NASSCOM, lnh vc IT-PBO ca n t mc tng trng 28%, doanh s t 47,8 triu la M, tng gp 10 ln so vi bo co ca nm 1998. ng gp vo tng thu nhp quc dn ca ring ngnh phn mm th t ti 5,4%, cao hn nhiu so vi mc 1,2% ca nm 1998. Cn theo bo co mi nht, ch tnh ring doanh thu ca ngnh phn mm, n thu v ti 39 t la M. Nu so snh vi ngnh phn cng ca chnh t nc ny, ch vi 6 t la M, th y qu thc l mt doanh s thc s ni bt. Trong s phi k n s ng gp ca hai c s CNTT hng u ti n l Infoys v Wipro. Infosys hin ang l i tc ca hn 2000 doanh nghip trn ton th gii, c i din 21 quc gia vi li rng t hn 3 t la M. Ln mnh hn, Wipro c ti 84.000 nhn vin ti 53 quc gia v 46 trung tm pht trin cng ngh v k thut ti ton cu.
13
National Ascociation of Software Services Companies

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33 Hn na, theo bo co 2008 ca M14, th trong danh sch 50 cng ty ng u th gii v phn mm, c ti 6 cng ty ca n (bao gm Wipro, Satyam, TCS, HCL, NIIT, v Patni), trong khi nm 2007 cng c 5 cng ty nm trong danh sch ny (bao gm Infosys, Hexaware, EXL Service, v ICICI Firstsource, v Global IBM). Chnh s thay i ny cho thy mt iu th v rng outsourcing khng cn l im n ca cc doanh nghip yu v ti chnh, thiu v cng ngh, cng khng phi l mt mi e da vi cc nhn vin ca M na. Outsourcing trong c software outsourcing, ang chng t l mt cng c mang tnh chin lc hu hiu. 2.1.1.2. i tc chnh Qua nhiu nm n lc, n vn l im gia cng phn mm hp dn nht i vi cc nc u M v Nht Bn (c bit l cc cng ty ca M). c v nh Silicon Valley ca min Bc California vo u thp nin 1990, hin nay c ti gn mt na cc doanh nghip trong top 500 doanh nghip ln nht ca M15 (do tp ch Fortune bnh chn hng nm) ang outsource cc cng vic phn mm sang n . Ly v d, ch trong nm 2006, cng ty Oracle ca M tng s lp trnh vin thu ti n ln thnh 6000 ngi (tng gp i so vi nm trc ). Bn cnh , ngy cng c nhiu cng ty Nht Bn tm n n y thc hot ng gia cng phn mm nh li th nhn cng r v lnh ngh. Ly v d nh d kin trong nm 2009, hng my tnh Fujitsu s s dng 2000 chuyn vin phn mm n (tng ng vi 2,5 ln hin ti), trong khi hin nay ang s dng 1000 k thut vin Trung Quc v 500 k thut vin khc ti ng Nam . Hay nh hng Hitachi cng s tng s nhn vin n ln 15% ngay trong nm 2008.
14 15
Brown-Wilson Group (2008), The 2008 issue of the annual list Fortune Magazine (2008), The Fortune Global 500
33
34 2.1.1.3. Nhn t thnh cng n c xp vo hng tin phong v n nay vn l th lnh trong lnh vc gia cng phn mm, vy iu g gip cho quc gia ny lm c iu ? Trong s cc nhn t lm nn thnh cng cho n , phi k n: Ngun nhn lc di do, trnh cao, v thnh tho ngoi ng Chnh sch h tr ca Nh nc S n lc, t ch ca chnh bn thn cc cng ty Uy tn quc gia vi th gii Ngun nhn lc di do, trnh cao, v thnh tho ngoi ng Trc ht, b quyt cc cng ty phn mm n thnh cng, tr thnh i th cnh tranh ca bt k tp on CNTT hng u no chnh l s hu ngi ti. C mt h thng gio dc cht lng tt, cc hc vin cng ngh quc gia c trang b trang thit b hin i nht, mng li hn 1000 trng i hc v cao ng o to chuyn ngnh CNTT nm ri rc khp t nc, ngoi ra n cn c cc c s o to t nhn uy tn, cc trung tm o to v ti o to ca cc doanh nghip ln Tt c gip n to nn mt ngun nhn lc cng ngh phn mm c cn bn tt. Ngoi ra, mt li th hn cc quc gia khc l v ngn ng, ti n , ting Anh l ngn ng chnh thc c s dng trong ging dy, v th cc k s phn mm khi ra trng c th thch nghi ngay trong mi trng lm vic quc t. Khng th khng k n mt lng ln cc k s CNTT n c o to bi bn M, chu u sau u tr v nc, ngun cht xm khng b lng ph nc ngoi. Chnh sch h tr ca Nh nc
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35 Cc chnh sch u i, m ca thng thong ca n nh: cung cp y c s h tng; min thu nhp khu, thu doanh thu trong 5 nm, ti gin cc th tc hnh chnh, cho php chuyn li nhun v nc, tt c u gp phn to nn sc ht i vi cc doanh nghip nc ngoi. Cc tn tui ln trn ton cu nh IBM, Digital, Hewlett Packard, Motorola, gip quc gia ny xy dng c 7 khu cng ngh cao nm ri rc khp n . S n lc ca cc cng ty y cng l mt nhn t khng km phn quan trng, chnh s ch ng tm kim, la chn u t v lin tc nng cao nng lc u t khai thc th trng tr thnh mt th mnh thc s ca cc cng ty n . Uy tn quc gia trn th gii n ni chung v cc doanh nghip phn mm n ni ring khng ch to dng c uy tn vi cc dng sn phm lm ra, vi ngun nhn lc c o to bi bn, m cn to c mt uy tn v hnh trong quan h kinh doanh v trn th trng, khin cho th gii cng ngh ch cn ngh n gia cng phn mm l ngh ngay n n . 2.1.1.4. Xu hng trong nhng nm ti Vi mc tiu duy tr v tr hng u v gia cng phn mm, n c k hoch trong 10 ti s xy dng thm 43 khu cng ngh phn mm trong c nc. Din tch l 500 hecta mi khu, vi quy hoch hp l, thun tin, hin i, v mng li giao thng ni lin cc thnh ph ln vi sn bay, xung quanh s c cc th trn v tinh. Ngoi ra Chnh ph s chuyn 40% khi lng gia cng n 43 khu ny, to thm khong 3,5 triu vic lm vo nm 2018.
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36 Bn cnh , trc nhu cu vn ngy cng nhiu v nhn lc phn mm ca th gii, v s tham gia ca nhiu quc gia khc vo th trng ny, nn mun gi c li th cnh tranh ca mnh, n trong tng lai s chuyn hng tr thnh i l gia cng. H s nhn cc n t hng, v phn phi li cho cc c s gia cng khc Trung Quc, Vit Nam, Mexico, hay ng u. Trong cc nm ti, n s tp trung vo cc dch v gia cng phn mm cao cp hay l dch v gia cng k ngh (engineering service outsourcing - ESO), ch khng ch x l n gin mt quy trnh kinh doanh.
2.1.2. Trung Quc

2.1.2.1. Thnh qu ni bt Khc vi n v nhiu nn kinh t ang pht trin khc, Trung Quc t lu xy dng v pht trin c mt nn cng nghip phn mm ni a mnh m ngay t nhng nm 80 ca th k XX (khi outsourcing bt u pht trin n ). Ch thc s bc vo th trng gia cng phn mm nm 2002 (sau n hn 20 nm), nhng ngay sau 3 nm quc gia ny t c nhng thnh qu ng ngc nhin, v trong 5 nm doanh thu t gia cng phn mm ca Trung Quc tng ln gp nm ln. Ch ring trong nm 2006, doanh thu trong lnh vc gia cng phn mm ca Trung Quc t gi tr 2,592 t la M, tng ng vi mc tng 43,9% so vi nm 2005. Mc tng trng doanh thu t gia cng phn mm ca Trung Quc trung bnh t 30% trong sut 5 nm (2002 2007) trong khi mc ny ca n l khong 40%. Cng theo thng k ca B Thng Mi Trung Quc, ch k ti ITO v BPO, nm 2007 Trung Quc t c mc doanh thu 2 t la M ; 14,2% (tng ng vi 167 cng ty) trong s tt c cc cng ty outsourcing c cng nhn t
36
37 tiu chun CMMI mc 3. ng thi trong s hn 30 triu cng nhn lm vic trong cc cng ty gia cng, th c ti trn 250.000 ngi tt nghip i hc hoc sau i hc. Ch sau 2 nm (2005), cc cng ty nhn thy rng cc thnh ph cng ngh ln nh Bc Kinh hoc Thng Hi khng cung cp ngun lc to dng nhng trung tm lp trnh quy m ln. Tip sau , cc trung tm ny c m rng ra thnh ph hng 2 nh i Lin hay Thnh . V vo thng 1 nm 2008, Thng Hi c ghi tn vo danh sch 100 thnh ph Outsourcing ln nht th gii (do IAOP thc hin)16. 2.1.2.2. i tc chnh Cc i tc k hp ng vi Trung Quc ch yu n t Nht Bn, v M. Theo nghin cu ca Analysys International (2006)17 th s hp ng ca Nht Bn (c quan h i tc vi Trung Quc c thp k nay) vn chim a s (ti 59,2%) cc hp ng gia cng phn mm, ngoi ra n t hng t Chu u v M cng tng nh (23% th trng) qua cc nm. 2.1.2.3. Nhn t thnh cng Ch 3 nm sau khi t chn vo th trng gia cng phn mm, Trung Quc c c s thnh cng vt tri, vn ln tr thnh th trng gia cng ln th hai ton cu. C rt nhiu nhng nhn t to gp phn to nn s thnh cng ny, v trong s phi k n.: Ngun nhn lc di do c trnh , gi r, thng tho ngoi ng C s h tng tt nhiu thnh ph Chnh ph c nhiu chnh u i, th tc thng thong
16 17
IAOP (2008), The Global Outsourcing 100, the 2008 Outsourcing World Summit, Orlando, Florida http://english.analysys.com.cn/, The Analysys International 2006
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38 Ngun nhn lc di do c trnh , gi r, thng tho ngoi ng Kt qu iu tra ca McKinsey (2005) v kh nng thnh cng ca Trung Quc cho thy, ngay t lc ra nhp th trng (2002), quc gia ny tn dng tt li th ca mnh l c mt ngun nhn lc rt di do (s dn thi im ln ti hn 1 t), v chi ph cho nhn cng thp. Vo thi im 2005, yu im ln ca ngun nhn lc Trung Quc chnh l trnh ting Anh cha cao. Trong nhng nm tip theo (t sau 2005), yu im v ngoi ng ca Trung Quc dn c khc phc, v n nay th n khng cn l ro cn vi s pht trin gia cng phn mm Trung Quc na. Trong nhng nm qua s sinh vin ngnh cng ngh, cng nh chuyn gia phn mm u tng ln ng k. S sinh vin ni ting Anh tui lao ng c bit trong lnh vc IT tng gp i t nm 2000 n 2004 (24 triu ngi).Hin nay cng ging nh n , Trung Quc c nhiu sinh vin ang theo hc ti M, v y s l mt ngun lc ng gi sau khi h tr v nc. C s h tng ng b nhiu thnh ph Bc Kinh, Thng Hi, Qung Chu v mt vi thnh ph ln khc vng duyn hi cng vi nhng thnh ph hng hai nh Ty An, i Lin v Thnh l a im hp dn vi cc nh u t nc ngoi, nh c chi ph hot ng kinh doanh thp v c h tng c ci thin. Chnh ph c nhiu chnh sch u i, th tc thng thong Cng theo kt qu iu tra ca McKinsey, th trc y ri ro v bo mt d liu ti Trung Quc l tng i cao, tuy nhin, trong nhng nm gn y quc gia ny c nhiu tin b trong vic bo h quyn s hu tr tu.
38
39 Ngoi ra, Chnh ph cng gip ti gin ha cc th tc hnh chnh, a ra cc chnh sch u i vi nh u t nc ngoi. Chng hn nh Ty An, mt thnh ph 4 triu dn, thnh lp mt khu cng ngh cao, trong doanh nghip nc ngoi c gim ti a gi thu vn phng v c min thu cho n khi no c li nhun trong hai nm lin tip. 2.1.2.4. Xu hng trong nhng nm ti Vi pht trin c s h tng, cng ngh v nhn lc, Trung Quc ang thu hp dn khong cch vi nc phng Ty, v trong vng mt thp nin ti, c kh nng vt ln trn n tr thnh quc gia ng u v gia cng phn mm. thc hin c mc tiu , Trung Quc va cng b k hoch 5 10 100 o to ngun nhn lc cho ngnh gia cng phn mm. Theo , trong nm nm, Trung Quc ti s pht trin 100 cng ty chuyn v dch v gia cng c cht lng cao thnh ph nhm thu ht khong 100 tp on a quc gia ln n t hng ti Trung Quc. Ngoi ra, cng ging nh n , duy tr li th cnh tranh cc cngo ty dch v gia cng ca Trung Quc cng s thu ht khch hng bng cch cung ng nhng sn phm, dch v tiu chun cao, tnh sng to r rng v gia tng cc li ch khc. Theo nghin cu ca Frank Mulligan18 th vi chin lc pht trin mnh m nh vy, Trung Quc s tn dng c cc c hi trong tng lai v t c con s v doanh thu l 56 t la M vo nm 2015. Tuy nhin, nghin cu ny cng cho thy doanh thu ca ngnh gia cng phn mm ca Trung Quc c xu hng tng chm trong giai on ti nm 2010, c th do th trng gia cng th khi s bo ha.
18
Frank Mulligan (2007), Outsourcing soaking up China Tech Skills

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40 Biu 1: Doanh thu d kin ca ngnh gia cng phn mm Trung Quc (2001 2010)
(Ngun: http://english.talent-software.com/?p=564) Tm li, trn y l mt vi nghin cu c bn nht v s pht trin ngnh gia cng phn mm ca hai quc gia tiu biu l n v Trung Quc. D khc nhau v tui i, v cch thc pht trin trin, nhng mt mc no , Trung Quc v n cng c nhng nt tng ng trong vic tn dng li th v a ra cch chnh sch y mnh xut khu gia cng phn mm. y s l nhng bi hc kinh nghim tt trong qu trnh a ngnh cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam tin ti mc tiu ng th ba th gii sau hai quc gia ny.
40
41
2.2. THC TRNG NGNH GIA CNG PHN MM XUT KHU VIT NAM 2.2.1. Khi qut v ngnh cng nghip gia cng phn mm Vit Nam
Trong bi cnh pht trin chung ca ngnh CNTT Vit Nam, ngnh cng nghip phn mm hin l mt lnh vc thu ht cht xm cng nh s quan tm ca cc nh kinh t, v t c nhng bc tin quan trng. Giai on 2001-2005 c xem l khi u ca ngnh cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam vi nhng thnh cng ng ch . Vit Nam c Hip hi CNTT Nht JISA xp hng 4 trong s cc quc gia trn th gii m doanh nghip Nht mun hp tc gia cng phn mm v c t chc Kearney ca M xp hng 20 trong s 25 quc gia c sc hp dn nht v cng nghip phn mm v dch v. Cc tp on hng u ca Nht Bn nh Hitachi, NEC, Fujitsu... cng t gia cng phn mm hoc u t trc tip m c s sn xut phn mm ti Vit Nam. Vi ch trng tp trung u t v pht trin ngnh gia cng phn mm xut khu, Vit Nam k vng ngnh CNTT trong nc s c mt din mo thay i mi v trn thc t gia cng phn mm c xem l lnh vc c nhng ng gp ng k i vi vic nng tm Vit Nam trn bn CNTT th gii. Ln u tin Vit Nam c tn trn bn phn mm th gii nm 2004 v c tp on t vn quc t Kearrney xp hng 20/25 quc gia c kh nng thu ht gia cng dch v tt nht. y cng chnh l tiu ch hng u khi cc cng ty nc ngoi quyt nh la chn a im gia cng da trn cc ch tiu xp hng v mi trng kinh doanh, nhn lc v ti chnh. S lng doanh nghip phn mm
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42 Trong nhng nm gn y, s lng doanh nghip gia cng phn mm ti Vit Nam tng nhanh. iu ny cho thy ngnh cng nghip ang ngy cng c nhiu iu kin thun li hn nh nng lc lp trnh vin ang c nng cao nh c c hi tham gia cc d n m phc tp ngy cng ln dn; quy trnh kim sot cht lng pht trin phn mm trong doanh nghip tng bc p ng tiu chun quc t; thng hiu quc gia trong gia cng phn mm quc t cng c ci thin ng k. Nm 2005 Vit Nam c khong 650 doanh nghip tham gia gia cng phn mm vi khong 20.000 nhn s, nng sut ca k s phn mm Vit Nam xp x 10.000 la M /ngi/nm19. Tuy nhin, con s doanh nghip phn mm ln ti 720 trong s 2000 doanh nghip ng k hot ng trong lnh vc CNTT vo nm 2007. Hin c hai trong s cc doanh nghip ny c chng nhn t tiu chun CMMI mc 5 (PSV, nm 2005; v FPT Software, nm 2004), v gn 40 doanh nghip t CMMI mc 3, 4, hoc ISO 9001 (nh GCS CMMi mc 4, nm 2006; SilkRoad CMM mc 3, nm 2006; ). Doanh thu ngnh phn mm v gia cng phn mm Trc y Vit Nam t mc tiu ti nm 2005 s t c 500 triu la M, song ti thi im ny chng ta vn cha t c iu . Theo thng k ca Hip hi my tnh TP.HCM, gi tr phn mm xut khu ti thi im cui nm 2002 t 20 triu la M, trong doanh thu t cc sn phm phn mm phc v trong nc t gn 65 triu la M. n nm 2003, doanh thu t phn mm xut khu tng 50% (30 triu la M), cao hn mc tng 38% doanh thu t th trng ni a. Th trng phn mm gia cng vn gi c mc tng trng 50% vo nm 2004, trong khi s lng
19
www.vietnamnet.com, Ngnh gia cng phn mm Vit Nam ang u

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43 phn mm s dng trong nc em li cho cc doanh nghip mc doanh thu 125 triu la M. Nm 2006 c th coi l nm rt thnh cng ca cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam khi doanh thu ca ngnh t c trong nm l 360 triu la M , bao gm 105 triu thu c t xut khu (tng ng 29.9%), cn 70.1% l thu t th trng ni a.20 Nh vy, trong 5 nm (t 2002 n 2006), cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam mi ch thu c tng doanh thu l 985 triu la M , trong bao gm 275 triu t xut khu. T l tng trng phn mm xut khu t hn 50%, trong khi doanh thu t th trng ni a tng mc trung bnh 40% mi nm. Nm 2007, theo bo co tng kt ca VINASA, l nm ngnh phn mm Vit Nam cng cc doanh nghip phn mm tip tc c s pht trin mnh m. Doanh thu cng nghip v dch v phn mm ca c nc t 498 triu la M, tng 38.3% so vi nm trc. Trong , doanh s xut khu phn mm v dch v t 180 triu21. Vi con s 500 triu la M, gp 10 ln so vi nhng nm u th k, y c th coi l mt bc tin kh di ca ngnh phn mm Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, ch l so vi vch xut pht, cn nu so vi nhng mc tiu ln, vi th gii chng ta mi ch bc c nhng bc rt ngn. Di y l biu doanh thu ca ring ngnh cng nghip phn mm trong c gia cng xut khu v bng doanh thu chi tit ca ton ngnh CNTT Vit Nam giai on 2002-2007:22
20 21
www.tapchipc.com, Cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam hng ti th 3 th gii VTV, Phn mm Vit Nam V tr no trn bn th gii 22 Xem trang tip theo
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44
Bng 4: Doanh thu chi tit ca ton ngnh CNTT Vit Nam (2002 2007) Sn phm/ Dch v phn mm Nm Th trng ni a 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 65 90 125 180 255 318 Phn cng Gia cng xut khu 20 30 45 70 105 180 Tng 85 120 170 250 360 498 550 700 760 1150 1380 x 635 820 930 1400 1740 x Tng
Biu 2: Doanh thu ca ngnh CNPM Vit Nam (2002 2007)
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45
(Ngun: Hip hi doanh nghip phn mm Vit Nam (VINASA))
2.2.2. i tc chin lc ca Vit Nam trong lnh vc phn mm

Th trng chnh ca gia cng xut khu phn mm Vit Nam l Bc M, Nht Bn v Chu u. Tuy nhin, i tc quan trong nht hin nay ca cc doanh nghip phn mm Vit Nam ch yu vn ch l Nht Bn. Nh phn tch trong phn trn thc trng ngnh gia cng phn mm ca Trung Quc v n , Nht Bn l i tc quan trng ca c hai quc gia ny. Tuy nhin, theo nh ch tch ca VJC23 (Cu lc b hp tc CNTT VINASA24 Nht Bn) nm 2007 Vit nam vt qua c Trung Quc v n tr thnh la chn hng u ca cc doanh nghip Nht Bn trong vic tm kim i tc gia cng phn mm. Li th ca Vit Nam l s tng ng v vn ha, khong cch a l,
23 24
VINASA Japan Club VietnamSoftware Association, Hip hi doanh nghip phn mm Vit Nam
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46 n nh v chnh tr, quan h mt thit gia hai chnh ph vi nhiu chnh sch h tr hp tc, ngun nhn lc c trnh v nhn cng r. Hin nay, Vit Nam c ti gn 50 doanh nghip CNTT ang hp tc kinh doanh vi cc doanh nghip Nht Bn, trong s c nhiu doanh nghip t 100% doanh thu t vic xut khu gia cng phn mm sang th trng Nht Bn. vi tc tng trng doanh thu 170% 200%25 nh Cng ty phn mm FPT, CMC, Sao Mai, Tn Th K v vn vn. Nht Bn, nhn lc ngnh cng ngh v phn mm ang c khong 400.000 ngi nhng hin nay c chiu hng chng li trong khi con s ny Vit Nam lai c xu hng gia tng. nh du thm mt bc tin trong quan h hp tc phn mm gia Vit Nam v Nht Bn, nm 2007, Hip hi UMTP26 (Hip hi xc tin k thut m hnh ha) ca Nht Bn t chc hi tho ngn ng UML27 v ngn ng m hnh ha ny tr thnh tiu chun cho gia cng phn mm ca hai nc. UML l mt cng c thit k v pht trin mt phn mm t lc ly yu cu n kim tra cht lng ca phn mm , ng thi gip cho nh pht trin thy c tng th gii php cn pht trin. Ngoi ra, cng cn phi nhn mnh thm rng nhng cng ty phn mm c nhn vin t chng ch UML s c nhiu li th hn v thng tin v c nhn c chng ch UML c lu vo c s d liu ton cu ca UMTP. Hn na, t thng 12 nm 2005 Trung tm st hch k s CNTT Nht Bn (JITEC) v Trung tm st hch CNTT v h tr o to (VITEC) ca Vit Nam k kt tha thun chng nhn ln nhau gia hai chun k nng k s CNTT l FE (chun k nng k s CNTT C bn) v SW (chun k nng k s Thit k v Pht trin phn mm).
25 26
www.dantri.com.vn, Vit Nam s tr thnh i tc s 1 ca Nht Bn UML Modeling Technology Promotion 27 Unified Modeling Language
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47 Tuy nhin, hp tc vi cc doanh nghip Nht Bn i hi phi c mt s lng ln k s CNTT thng tho ting Nht, am hiu vn ha v cch lm vic ca Nht v iu ny chng ta vn cn thiu. Theo c tnh ca VINASA, nu mt k s phn mm mang li doanh thu trung bnh trong mt nm l 19.200 la M (1.600 la M/thng x 12 thng) v Vit Nam mun ginh c 10% th trng gia cng phn mm ca Nht Bn trong vng 6 nm na th c quc gia cn c lng k s phn mm l 18.229 ngi.28 Trong nhng nm ti, Nht Bn vn tip tc c xem l i tc chin lc ca cc doanh nghip phn mm Vit Nam. Trn thc t, M hin l quc gia c t trng thu gia cng phn mm nc ngoi ln nht th gii - gn 40% v d bo t ti 65% trong tng lai. Hng nghin cu Gartner cho bit 79% doanh nghip ln ca M thu gia cng v s cn li d kin cng s sm gia nhp tro lu ny. Cn Cng ty IDC th d bo chi tiu ca M cho lnh vc ny s tng t 9 t la M nm 2002 ln 17,2 t la M trong nm 2005 (tng trung bnh 25% mi nm). Tuy nhin, tip cn thm nhp vo th trng gia cng phn mm ln ny ca M l mt thch thc vi Vit Nam v n c l chnh l ro cn ln nht. Trong tng lai, gia cng phn mm Vit Nam cng ang hng vn ra ti cc i tc Chu u.
2.2.3. Nhng doanh nghip phn mm Vit Nam tiu biu

Hin nay, doanh thu ca ngnh cng nghip phn mm, c bit l gia cng phn mm, ch yu l t khi doanh nghip nc ngoi hoc c vn u t ca Vit kiu nh TMA, PSV, GlobalCyberSoft, SilkRoad, GlassEgg, PSD, Tn Thin Nin K, GHP... Trong nhm doanh nghip trong nc th ni bt nht l FPT Software, tuy nhin nhng cng ty nh vy cn cha nhiu. Bn cnh , nhng
28
www.vnexpress.net, Vit Nam s ginh 10% th trng gia cng phn mm Nht Bn
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48 doanh nghip dn u trong lnh vc pht trin sn phm cho th trng ni a nh Lc Vit, HPT, VietSoftware, AZ Solutions, CMS, Hi Ha... nhng nm gn y cng ang n lc khai thc ngun lc gia cng phn mm xut khu. Trong phn ny, tc gi xin c gii thiu hai in hnh tiu biu trong lnh vc gia cng phn mm l Cng ty c phn phn mm FPT v cng ty phn mm xut khu TMA . 2.2.3.1. Cng ty c phn phn mm FPT FPT Software Gii thiu s lc v tnh hnh pht trin ca FPT Software Cng ty C phn Phn mm FPT (tn giao dch: FPT Software Joint Stock Company , gi tt l FPT Software hay FSOFT) l cng ty c phn thuc Tp on FPT. FPT Software hin l cng ty phn mm ln nht Vit Nam vi gn 2500 nhn vin.29 Nm 1999, FPT Software bc u xc nh c cu t chc, ln cc chng trnh chun b nhn lc bc vo hot ng trong lnh vc sn xut phn mm hng v th trng xut khu. Trong nm ny, FSOFT thc hin thnh cng d n u tin vi khch hng Winsoft, Canada. Nm 2000 l nm th trng xut khu phn mm b nh hng bi v dotcom, tuy vy, FSOFT vt qua c th thch v t c kt qu quan trng - k hp ng xy dng OSDC (Offshore Software Development Center) u tin vi Harvey Nash (Anh). Nm 2001 c nh du bng cc hp ng OSDC vi M v c bit l OSDC vi NTT-IT - khch hng Nht bn u tin ca FSOFT. y cng l nm FSOFT bt u d n CMM-4, vi mc tiu t chng ch CMM mc 4 trong vng mt nm.
29
www.fptsoftwarecareer.com
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49 Thng 3/2002, FSOFT chnh thc t CMM mc 4, tr thnh cng ty u tin khu vc ng Nam t chng ch ny. Nm 2002 cng l nm FSOFT cng c li s t chc, bng vic thnh lp cc Trung tm sn xut v cc Phng chc nng. Cui 2002, ln u tin doanh s FSOFT vt ngng 1 triu la M. Nm 2003, FPT Software bt tay hp tc vi IBM ca M; v mt s i tc ca Nht nh Hitachi Software, Nissen, Sanyo, TIS. chun b cho th trng Nht, mt chng trnh ln c trin khai bao gm thnh lp Trung tm ng Du o to ting Nht CNTT, tuyn sinh vin cc Khoa ting Nht v h tr hc bng cho h hc Aptech, tuyn sinh vin tt nghip cc trng CNTT v o to tp trung ting Nht 6 thng. Nm 2003 cng l nm d n CMM-5 khi ng. Nm 2004, Chnh thc tr thnh Cng ty C phn Phn mm FPT; v vo thng 3, FSOFT t CMM mc 5. m rng quan h i tc vi Nht, FSOFT d m mt vn phng i din ti Tokyo. y cng l nm gt hi nhiu thnh cng vi doanh s xut khu nm 2004 tng trng hn 200% so vi nm 2003. Nm 2005 l nm nh du bc pht trin ca cng ty v mi mt, gip FSOFT khng nh v tr cng ty trn th trng phn mm: thng 8/2005 thnh lp Chi nhnh Nng, thng 11 thnh lp Cng ty FSOFT JAPAN ti Tokyo, thng 12 khai trng Trung tm Tuyn dng v o to ti H ni. Cui nm 2005, FSOFT tng trng 114% doanh s, tr thnh cng ty phn mm u tin ca Vit Nam c 1000 nhn vin. Nm 2006, FPT Software tr thnh i tc vng ca Microsoft, l i tc chnh ca Hitachi Software, thit lp quan h hp tc vi NTT Data, Hp Japan, Panasonic, JIP, Argo21, IBM Singapore, IBM Benelux. n thng 9/2006, FSOFT c 1500 nhn vin, trong khong 1200 k s lp trnh. Thng 03/2007, Cng ty FPT Software Chu -Thi Bnh Dng tr s ti Singapore c thnh lp.
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50 Thng 06/2008, FSOFT cng b vic thnh lp Cng ty TNHH Phn mm FPT Chu u (FPT Software Europe) ti Paris, Php. FPT Software Europe c thnh lp vi mc tiu tip cn xu hng gia cng phn mm din ra chu u mt trong nhng th trng ln v cng ngh thng tin trn th gii, ng thi nhm phc v tt hn cc khch hng hin ti ca FPT Software ti khu vc ny. Thng 06/2008, ti th Washington, FSOFT k tha thun hp tc vi Vietnam Partners trc s chng kin ca Th tng Nguyn Tn Dng, cc quan chc chnh ph Vit Nam v Hoa K. Theo tho thun ny, Vietnam Partners s tr thnh i tc chin lc ca FSOFT, h tr marketing v tm kim khch hng ti M trong lnh vc gia cng phn mm; tp trung vo lnh lc ti chnh, ngn hng, bo him ti khu vc pha ng (East Coast) ca M. Thng 07/2008, FSOFT cng b thnh lp Cng ty TNHH Phn mm FPT Malaysia (FMAS) ti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, l mt chi nhnh th hai thuc FPT Software Chu Thi Bnh Dng (FPT Software Asia Pacific - FAPAC). Tm li, FSOFT c mt h thng khch hng rng ln trn ton th gii M, Chu u, Nht Bn v cc nc Chu Thi Bnh Dng (Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Australia). Trong chin lc gia nhp hng ng nhng nh cung cp dch v phn mm hng u th gii, Cng ty tp trung pht trin ngun nhn lc cht lng cao gi tr ct li ng gp vo tng trng ca cng ty. Vi 80% nhn vin FSOFT thun thc v ting Anh v hn 200 ngi s dng ting Nht, FPT Sofware khng ngng tm kim v to c hi cho nhng ti nng tr. Mc tiu ca FSOFT trong giai on ti Trong c giai on 5 nm 2004-2008, mc tiu ca FSOFT l tng trng hng nm 70-100% doanh thu (trn 50 triu la M mi nm). v 50-100% nhn lc (trn 5000 nghn ngi).
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51 i vi FPT Software Europe, cng ty d nh cung cp cc sn phm th mnh thuc mng cng ngh New technologies (J2EE, .NET, Oracle), cng ngh nhng, dch v nghin cu v pht trin (R&D); hng ti cc khch hng ln nh: Renault, BNP Paribas, Neopost, Hitachi Europe. Mc tiu ca cng ty l t doanh thu 7 triu la M trong nm 2008, tp trung vo th trng truyn thng ca FSOFT l Anh Php B, n nh cc hot ng v i ng. Trong nm 2009, cng ty c k hoch m rng mng li kinh doanh sang cc nc Bc u nh Thy in, an Mch, H Lan; v m thm chi nhnh th 2 ti Chu u vo nm 2010. i vi FPT Software Malaysia, trong nm 2008, cng ty t mc tiu t doanh thu 1,8 triu la M , nm 2009 t 2,5 triu la M v t 5 triu la M vo nm 2010. Ngoi ra, knh pht trin th trng vi Vietnam Partners d kin s em li cho FSOFT doanh thu 1 triu la M nm 2008, 3 triu la M nm 2009 v 5 triu la M nm 2010. y l mt bc tin quan trng trong chin lc pht trin th trng M ca FPT Software. Vietnam Partners v FSOFT d nh s tho lun vic thnh lp cng ty lin doanh c tr s ti New York (M) vo nm 2008 v Vietnam Partners h tr FSOFT nim yt trn sn chng khon NASDAQ.
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2.2.3.2. Cng ty xut khu phn mm TMA Gii thiu s lc v tnh hnh pht trin ca TMA Bn cnh cng ty FSOFT, TMA cng l mt in hnh trong lnh vc gia cng phn mm ca Vit Nam, vi t cch l doanh nghip t nhn 100% vn Vit Nam p dng phng php qun l ca nc ngoi. c thnh lp t thng 10/1997, vi 6 k s ban u, n nay TMA t trn 800 k s (tc pht trin trung bnh 60% mt nm) v tr thnh cng ty phn mm c quy m ln nht Tp.H Ch Minh. Vi mc tiu tr thnh thng hiu Vit trong ngnh gia cng phn mm quc t, cc k s tr ca TMA n lc hc hi v t tin khng nh c nng lc ca k s VN trong lnh vc cng ngh cao lin tc trng thu quc t nhiu hp ng ln, gp phn xy dng TMA thnh mt thng hiu mnh, thu ht c nhiu khch hng l nhng cng ty CNTT hng u th gii. Danh sch khch hng ca TMA tri rng t Bc M, Nht Bn, Chu u, c, Singapore, Hong Kong ... Thnh cng ca TMA gp phn a tn Vit Nam vo bn th gii v cng nghip phn mm. Nhn vo biu s pht trin s k s phn mm ca TMA (1997 2007) di y c th thy s gia tng mt cch ng k ngay sau nm u tin thnh lp, sau l s tng ln u n qua cc nm. Thi gian u gp rt nhiu kh khn, nhng vi n lc ca tp th k s tr v ly vic to lp uy tn lm mc tiu hng u, cng ty thnh cng trong cc d n u tin v mang li nim tin cho khch hng. T khch hng tin tng giao thm nhiu hp ng mi cho TMA vi gi tr ngy cng tng.
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(Ngun: www.tmasolutions.com) Trong giai on 1997-2000, cng vi s tng trng mnh m ca CNTT th gii, tng trng nhn s ca TMA lun t 100% mi nm. Giai on 2001-2002 tuy ngnh CNTT th gii gp khng hong, TMA vn duy tr mc tng trng gn 20%. T 2003 n nay d t quy m hng trm k s, TMA vn duy tr nay tc tng trng 30 50% / nm. Ngoi ra, qua hn 10 nm pht trin, th trng ca TMA cng vn ang tip tc c m rng. 1997: khch hng Bc M 2000: ln u tin thu ht c khch hng t c, Singapore, n 2001: khch hng Nht Bn u tin 2005: thnh lp chi nhnh ti Canada
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54 2006: thnh lp chi nhnh ti Nht Bn 2007: l nm k nim 10 nm thnh lp vi rt nhiu s kin Thm nhp th trng Chu u vi cc khch hng t c, Php, an Mch. Thnh lp chi nhnh ti M. Tr thnh i tc ca Microsoft (MS Gold Certified Partner) v Tibco (Tibco Partner) TMA l mt trong s t cc cng ty phn mm ca Vit Nam t c rt nhiu chng ch quc t nh: ISO 9001 : 2000, TL 9000, CMMi, Microsoft Gold Certificate. Bn cnh , TMA cn t c mt s cc gii thng nh: Huy Chng Vng v Cp vng 2005, 2006, 2007; Bng khen ca UBND TP H Ch Minh, B Bu Chnh Vin Thng v Hi Tin Hc thnh ph HCM 2002 2005; L cng ty duy nht ng Nam lt vo danh sch cc cng ty tiu biu v gia cng phn mm (Aberdeen, 2002). Trong s nhng nguyn nhn dn n s thnh cng ca TMA, phi k n chnh sch thu ht v o to i ng k s chuyn nghip v nng ng, nm c cc cng ngh tin tin trong lnh vc phn mm v vin thng, c kh nng vn hnh v pht trin cc h thng phc tp. i ng nhn vin ny khng nh v pht huy c nng lc cc k s tr VN trong cc d n cng ngh cao phc tp (TMA chuyn v cung cp dch v R&D trong lnh vc vin thng). Khi c lm vic chung vi k s cc nc, k s VN lun t khng nh mnh v th hin l khng thua km k s nc no. K hoch pht trin trong nhng nm ti
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55 Tim nng nhn lc v thnh tch hi nhp ca VN v ang thu ht cc cng ty cng ngh cao hng u th gii tm n VN. TMA l mt trong s rt t cc cng ty phn mm VN c quy m v kh nng lm i tc vi cc cng ty a quc gia ny. y l c hi to ln TMA pht trin mnh ln mt quy m mi nhng cng l thch thc ln i vi kh nng nm bt c hi ca cng ty. nh hng kinh doanh ca TMA trong thi gian ti: M rng th trng: Chu u, Chu , cv mng li chi nhnh trn ton cu. a dng ha cc lnh vc kinh doanh tr thnh mt tp on a ngnh trong lnh vc cng ngh cao TMA ang c nhng u t ln v nhn lc v c s vt cht xy dng nn tng vng chc cho giai on pht trin mi tr thnh Thng hiu Vit trong ngnh gia cng phn mm quc t, t 5,000 nhn vin trong vng 7 nm ti. Tm li: Thng qua vic nghin cu v hai cng ty phn mm in hnh ca Vit Nam, phn no s gip cho nhng ngi quan tm c mt ci nhn chi tit hn v s pht trin ca lnh vc gia cng phn mm cn tng i non tr nc ta. Nhng kh khn, thch thc m FSOFT hay TMA gp phi trn bc ng pht trin cng nh nh hng m rng trong tng lai ca h s l mt bi hc kinh nghim cho cc doanh nghip phn mm khc trong nc khi tham gia vo th trng gia cng quc t.
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2.2.4. Phn tch SWOT ngnh gia cng phn mm Vit Nam
S 3: So snh mc cnh tranh ca mt s quc gia Chu
(Ngun: www.english.talent-software.com/?p=564) 2.2.4.1. Th mnh tr thnh mt nc xut khu phn mm, m trc ht l thnh cng trong lnh vc gia cng phn mm, Vit Nam phi p ng c 5 yu t c bn l: con ngi, cng ngh, kinh nghim chuyn mn, vn v th trng. T s trn (s 3) c th thy, trong tt c cc yu t , th hin nay so vi Trung Quc v n , Vit Nam c hai im rt thu ht nh u t l chi ph cho i ng nhn vin lm trong lnh vc phn mm rt cnh tranh; ng thi mc chuyn vic ca h tuy c bt u cao ln nhng vn cn tng i thp so vi cc nc khc. Nhn lc ca Vit Nam tr, chu kh, sng to, vi trnh nng lc k thut ngy
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57 mt c nng cao chnh l th mnh ca chng ta tip cn c nhng d n gia cng phn mm ln cho cc tp on ln nc ngoi. Hin nay, vi khong 34% dn s tui 15-34, Vit Nam m bo cung ng mt lc lng lao ng tr. Trc tin, khi nhc n ngun nhn lc trong lnh vc phn mm, cn phi nhc n v cc c s o to v CNTT ca Vit Nam hin nay. Di y l cc bng thng k v s lng cc trng c o to v CNTT, cng nh biu th hin c cu cc trng ca tng khu vc pha Bc v pha Nam: Bng 5: S liu v cc trng c o to CNTT Truyn thng ti pha Nam v pha Bc Cc tnh pha Bc Trng i hc Cng lp Trng i hc Bn cng-Dn lpT thc Hc vin-Trung tm Trng Cao ng Cng lp Trng Cao ng Bn cng-Dn lp-T thc Tng s cc trng c ngnh lin quan CNTT ton khu vc Tng s cc trng ton khu vc 130 167 190 139 180 200 87 105 115 105 114 122 04 42 07 06 53 11 06 54 12 49 11 50 12 46 15 Cc tnh pha Nam 2008 35 26
2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 26 08 26 09 28 15 28 17 33 19
(Ngun: Bo co Ton cnh ngun nhn lc CNTT Vit Nam 2007, Hi tin hc thnh ph H Ch Minh (HCA))
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(Ngun: Bo co Ton cnh ngun nhn lc CNTT Vit Nam 2007, Hi tin hc thnh ph H Ch Minh (HCA))
( Ngun: Bo co Ton cnh ngun nhn lc CNTT Vit Nam 2007, Hi tin hc thnh ph H Ch Minh (HCA) )
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59 Nh c th thy t bng s liu (bng 5), cng nh hai biu (Biu s 4 v 5) trn, th s lng cc trng c chuyn ngnh o to CNTT cc tnh min Nam v min Bc l tng ng nhau, v u c xu hng tng ln trong ba nm gn y. Trong , phn ln cc c s o to l cao ng cng lp, tip theo l i hc cng lp. y c th coi l mt im mnh ca ngnh CNTT ni chung v ca lnh vc phn mm ni ring, bi s lng cc trng tng ln nh vy, cng ng ngha vi ngun nhn lc c o to bi bn tng ln, b sung ng k vo ngun nhn lc hin c ca ngnh. Ngoi ra, mt th mnh na ca ngun nhn lc phn mm Vit Nam l kh nng lm vic theo nhm, cng nh kh nng thch ng cng ngh c cc doanh nghip nh gi l tng i cao. Nh cp trn, mt yu t quan trng gp phn lm cho ngnh gia cng phn mm Vit Nam tr nn hp dn vi cc i tc nc ngoi chnh l chi ph hot ng v gi thu nhn cng Vit Nam rt thp. Nu so snh th chi ph cho mt nhn vin phn mm ca nc ta trn thc t ch bng 1/3 so vi n , v bng 1/2 so vi Trung Quc30. Trung bnh mt k s phn mm Vit Nam hin nay kim c khong 3.500 13.000 la M mt nm, trong khi n , thu nhp ca mt k s phn mm t 7000 30.000 la M , v thung lng Silicon (M) l 79.000 125.000 la M 31. c bit, vn ha thch n nh khin t l chuyn vic Vit Nam kh thp, ch 5% 7% g l mt iu kin thun li, bi cng lc , t l ny mt s cng ty ca n dao ng trong khong t 20-40%, cn nhng cng ty ln l 15%.32 Yu t vn ha cng l mt trong nhng li th khc ca Vit Nam khi tip cn vi th trng gia cng th gii, c bit l cc nc trong khu vc. c nh gi cao hn so vi Trung Quc v n , Vit Nam tr thnh i tc quan trng
30 31
www.3c.com.vn, Gia cng phn mm Vit Nam, ng n 1 t USD www.vnpost.dgpt.gov.vn, Phn mm Vit Nam: m hn trn bn quc t 32 www.vietnamnet.vn, Cng nghip gia cng phn mm n vi nhng thch thc ln
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60 ca Nht Bn cng l nh c s gn gi v khong cch a l, cng nh s tng ng v vn ha vi quc gia ny. 2.2.4.2. im yu Vi nhng th mnh nh nu trn, tuy nhin theo nh gi th ngnh gia cng phn mm ca Vit Nam vn cha pht trin xng vi tim nng do cn nhiu hn ch. Ngun nhn lc cha p ng v s lng cng nh cht lng Vn cn nhiu vn cn bn ti i vi bi ton ngun nhn lc ca chng ta hin nay, m trc ht l s hn ch v c s lng v c cht lng nhn vin phn mm, cha p ng so vi nhu cu th trng, trong khi yu cu ca khch hng ngy cng cao v a dng. Theo nh bng thng k di y th s lng sinh vin c tuyn vo khoa CNTT cc cp i hc v cao ng trong nhng nm gn y u tng ln: Bng 6: D tnh s sinh vin CNTT tt nghip trong nhng nm ti (n v: ngi) 2006 Tng s tuyn sinh c nc S sinh vin tt nghip c tnh 60% S sinh vin tt nghip c tnh 70% Nm ra trng d kin 2007 2008
30.335 39.299 50.505 18.201 23.579 30.303 21.235 27.509 35.354 2010 2011 2012
(Ngun: Bo co Ton cnh ngun nhn lc CNTT Vit Nam 2007, Hi tin hc thnh ph H Ch Minh (HCA)) Hin nay, Vit Nam hin c khong 26.000 chuyn vin phn mm, v nu c tnh c ti 60 70% s sinh vin CNTT ra trng lm trong lnh vc phn
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61 mm th chng ta vn cha t c con s 50.000 chuyn gia phn mm chuyn nghip. Nhn cng r l mt trong nhng th mnh ca Vit Nam, nhng thc t cho thy, vi nhn cng r, cc doanh nghip Vit Nam ch c th tham gia vo nhng cng on n gin trong quy trnh sn xut. Theo nh FSOFT cho bit, d c nh gi cao nhng hin nay i tc Nht Bn ch c th cc cng ty ca Vit Nam tham gia vo 15% trong quy trnh. V theo kho st, c ti 63,4% doanh nghip phn mm cho rng, thiu nhn lc trnh cao l kh khn ln nht i vi h33. Cho n nay, ngoi i hc t thc FPT, cha h c trng i hc no khc o to nhn lc dnh ring cho cng nghip phn mm, v c ti hn 75% cc c nhn CNTT khng k nng lm vic trong mi trng cng nghip nu khng c o to thm cc k nng. Chnh v vy, nhiu doanh nghip gia cng phn mm, khi tip nhn cc sinh vin CNTT tt nghip, vn phi t chc cc kha o to k nng cho nhng sinh vin ny. Mt trong nhng ro cn ln v l im yu ca ngun nhn lc Vit Nam so vi n hay Trung Quc l yu t ngn ng. Gia cng phn mm cho th trng M, Chu u i hi lp trnh vin phi kh ting Anh; gia v pht trin mi quan h vi i tc ln nht l Nht Bn th phi bit ting Nht. Tuy nhin, cng theo bng kho st ca HCA nh trnh by trn, th trnh ngoi ng ca i ng CNTT Vit Nam c nh gi cha cao. C th c th xem biu di y:
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www.vietnamnet.net, 2010: Mc tiu 1,2 tUSD doanh thu phn mm

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(Ngun: Bo co Ton cnh ngun nhn lc CNTT Vit Nam 2007, Hi tin hc thnh ph H Ch Minh (HCA)) Nh vy c th thy, trong i ng ngun nhn lc CNTT ni chung v phn mm ni ring, gn nh khng c nhn vin c trnh ngoi ng rt tt. Trong khi , nhn lc c kh nng ngoi ng tt ch chim t l c 10%, l mt con s rt nh so vi t l cha t ln ti 38% (gp gn 4 ln). y l im yu cn tp trung khc phc ngay trong tng lai gn, nu mun duy tr v m rng quan h i tc vi cc doanh nghip phn mm nc ngoi. Cc doanh nghip phn mm a s c quy m va v nh Mt trong nhng hn ch na cn cp ti l quy m ca cc doanh nghip phn mm ca nc ta hin nay. Cc doanh nghip ny ch yu ang hot ng vi quy m va v nh, s lng lp trnh vin cn tng i t. Ngoi FPT vi gn 2.000 lp trnh vin th a s doanh nghip ch mi c vi chc k s.
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(Ngun: Tng hp thng k ca B thng tin v truyn thng) Nhn vo nhng con s trn, c th thy chng ta mi ch p ng c s lng rt nh so vi nhu cu ca th trng. y cng l mt nguyn nhn c th cn tr vic hi nhp ca doanh nghip Vit Nam vi th gii bi nu nhn s mnh s gy dng c nim tin vi i tc v cng d dng to dng mi quan h hp tc lu di. Cng lc , c th lm mt php so snh, ch tnh ring nhn vin ca hng Infosys n l 70.000 ngi, thm ch nhn vin gia cng ch cho hng IBM cng ti y cng ln ti con s 40.000 ngi34. Tuy so snh c th khng cn xng, nhng y cng l mt im ng lu c th a ngnh phn mm ca nc ta vn ra th trng th gii.
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www.hca.org.vn, Gia cng phn mm, t k vng n thc t

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64 2.2.4.3. C hi Ngnh cng nghip gia cng phn mm ca Vit Nam ra i sau n n 20 nm pht trin, tuy nhin, chng ta vi vai tr ngi i sau li n nhn nhiu c hi pht trin: C hi chim lnh th trng nc ngoi sau khi gia nhp WTO; ngnh CNTT ton cu vn ang tip tc pht trin mnh m, trong khi cc nc pht trin li ang thiu cc chuyn gia CNTT; nhu cu a phong ph v a dng; h tng vin thng tt hn vi chi ph vin thng r hn; cc chnh sch u i, h tr pht trin ca Nh nc; s tr gip ca cng ng Vit Kiu nc ngoi; cng vi l tnh hnh an ninh chnh tr n nh trong nc; ... C s h tng vin thng ng bt vi chi ph thp hn Hin nay, so snh vi cc nc trong khu vc, c s h tng vin thng ca chng ta c ci thin nhiu. y cng l c hi gip cho cc doanh nghip phn mm Vit Nam hp tc thnh cng vi i tc nc ngoi. S lng thu bao v ngi s dng in thoi, Internet u tng ln rt nhanh trong nhng nm gn y vi tc tng trng trung bnh hng nm khong t 40-50%.
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(Ngun: Tng hp t s liu ca Hi tin hc T.p H Ch Minh (HCA)) Vi mc tng v s thu bao in thoi v ngi s dng Internet nhanh nh vy, hin nay tnh n thi im thng 5/2008 Vit Nam tr thnh quc gia c s ngi dng Internet xp th 16 trn ton th gii, v c s thu bao in thoi ang hot ng xp th 21 (ng sau mt s nc Chu trong c Trung Quc, n , Nht Bn, Hn Quc, Indonesia)35. Ngoi ra, vic kt ni Internet quc t tng nhanh c v s hng v bng thng, hin nay chng ta c 3 cng kt ni quc t vi 10 quc gia. Bng thng kt ni quc t lin tc m rng t 1Gbps (2003) ln trn 8.7 Gbps (2007). H tng bng thng rng c trin khai v pht trin mnh, dch v ADSL c mt khp 64 tnh thnh trn c nc. Cht lng truy cp cng tng ln, trong khi gi cc vin thng gim mnh (c bit l cc in thoi) xung bng hoc thp hn cc nc trong khu vc.
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http://indexmundi.com, Viet Nam Facts

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Cc chnh sch u i pht trin ngnh phn mm ca Chnh ph theo kp vi s pht trin ca th gii, Nh nc a ra nhiu chnh sch nhm h tr hn na cho s pht trin ca cng nghip phn mm nh: quyt nh s 128/2000 Q-TTg v mt s chnh sch v bin php khuyn khch u t, pht trin cng nghip phn mm; ch th s 58-CT/TW v y mnh ng dng v pht trin CNTT phc v s nghip cng nghip ha, hin i ha; quyt nh 58; quyt nh s 246/2005 Q-TTg v chin lc pht trin CNTT v truyn thng Vit Nam n nm 2010 v nh hng n nm 2020; Bn cnh vic to ra cc khung chnh sch thun li, Chnh ph cn c chng trnh xc tin thng mi, trong c h tr kinh ph t chc cho mt s doanh nghip phn mm tiu biu ra nc ngoi ra tham d trin lm CNTT tm hiu th trng. Trong thng 3 nm 2008, 14 doanh nghip phn mm Vit Nam cng vi VINASA, c s h tr kinh ph ca Nh nc v cc i tc Chu u nh chnh ph an Mch, t chc SIPPO36, c c hi sang tham d Trin lm cng ngh thng nin ln nht Chu u din ra ti Hannover, c - CeBit 2008. y l dp cc doanh nghip Vit Nam tm hiu v tng bc tip cn vi th trng giu tim nng ny. Hn na cc chuyn cng du quc t lin tip ca lnh o Nh nc cng gp phn vo vic tip th hnh nh quc gia trong mt cc i tc nc ngoi, t xy dng Vit Nam thnh mt im n thu ht u t. Cng vi cc bin php khuyn khch u t v pht trin ngun nhn lc, Nh nc cng rt quan tm ti vic thnh lp cc khu phn mm tp trung trong nc:
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Swiss Import Promotion Programme, Chng trnh h tr nhp khu ca Thy S

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67 u tin phi k ti Cng vin phn mm Si Gn (Saigon Software Park) c thnh lp vo thng 6/2000 vi tng vn u t 14,9 t ng. Nh c s h tng hin i, trung tm thu ht u t ca hn 30 doanh nghip trong v ngoi nc vi s lng k s CNTT lm vic ti y ln ti 585 ngi. Cc cng ty xut khu v pht trin phn mm ti y c th k n l: Crown Systems (Singapore), Data Design (Nht Bn), Ngoi ra min Nam cn c Cng vin phn mm Quang Trung (Quang Trung Software Park) c thnh lp vo nm 2001 theo Quyt nh v vic thnh lp v pht trin cng nghip phn mm trong giai on 2000 - 2005 ca Chnh ph. y l khu phn mm tp trung ln nht Vit Nam, thu ht hn 74 doanh nghip CNTT vi tng vn ng k u t l 30,4 triu la M vi hn 6.300 nhn vin, trong bao gm 42 doanh nghip phn mm 100% vn nc ngoi nh: Digi-Texx (c) vi 250 nhn vin, Global Cybersoft Inc (M) vi 400 nhn vin, Ngoi ra Cng vin phn mm Quang Trung cng nhn c s h tr t Cisco, Sun Microsoft System v NIIT n trong cc d n pht trin ngun nhn lc. Trong thng 3/2008, Cng ty TNHH m to doanh nghip phn mm SBI (Software Business Incubator) c thnh lp vi s tham gia ca 2 thnh vin l cng ty pht trin Cng vin phn mm Quang Trung v hi Tin Hc TP.HCM. Mc tiu ca SBI l phi li nhun, thc hin tip nhn h tr k thut m to doanh nghip t cc chuyn gia chu u v s ti tr ca chng trnh h tr pht trin kinh t t nhn Vit Nam. SIB s h tr lin kt v kt ni doanh nghip, qung b doanh nghip qua cc hot ng truyn thng v trin lm, gii thiu doanh nghip tip cn ngun ti chnh Cc doanh nghip s c thu vn phng v s dng cc tin ch vn m vi chi ph thp. c bit, nhng doanh nghip mi khi nghip c min ph gi thu vn phng ti a 6 thng. Ngoi ra, SBI cn t chc cc kho o to v hun luyn st thc t nhu cu doanh ngip, t vn
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68 gii quyt cc vng mc trong qu trnh hot ng; nh gi pht hin nhng lch hng trong kinh doanh gip doanh nghip kp thi iu chnh; cung cp cc dch v dng chung (phng hp, phng o to, l tn) Cn ti min Bc c Khu cng ngh cao Ha Lc (Hoa Lac Hi-tech Park) c thnh lp vo thng 1/2007 vi tng din tch l 1650 hcta ti tnh H Ty do FPT Ha Lc pht trin. Mt s cc khu cng ngh tp trung khc nh: Trung tm phn mm Cn Th (Cantho Software Center), Trung tm phn mm Hi Phng (Haiphong Software Center), Cng vin phn mm Nng (Danang Software Park), Trung tm phn mm Hu (Hue Software Center). Tm li, vi tt c nhng chnh sch cng nh h tr k trn ca chnh ph s to iu kin cho bn thn cc doanh nghip phn mm trong nc c c hi ci thin ni lc doanh nghip, ng thi cng l iu kin hp dn cc nh u t nc ngoi vo Vit Nam, hp tc pht trin ngnh phn mm nc ta.
S tr gip t Kiu bo C th nhn thy t bi hc kinh nghim ca Trung Quc v n , cng ng Hoa Kiu v n Kiu ng gp mt vai tr ht sc quan trng i vi s pht trin cng nghip phn mm cc quc gia ny. Trong khi , Vit Nam cng c mt cng ng ng o Vit kiu ang sng v lm vic ti nc ngoi, v rt nhiu ngi trong s h l cc chuyn gia cao cp trong lnh vc pht trin phn mm ca cc tp on a quc gia. Nu khai thc c lc lng ny th y s l mt ngun lc rt ln cho vic gia cng xut khu phn mm Vit Nam. Vit Nam c th ku gi cc Vit kiu ti nhng nc pht trin, v d nh ti thung lng
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69 Silicon, h tr v u t pht trin trong nc, l cu ni gia cng nghip phn mm trong nc vi quc t. C hi t th trng th gii v cc i tc nc ngoi Hin nay ngnh CNTT trn th gii vn ang rt pht trin, m ra nhiu c hi cho ngnh gia cng phn mm Vit Nam. Cng lc , ngnh gia cng phn mm Vit Nam thc s ang giai on lc quan v d bo cung vn ang nh hn cu cho n nm 202037. Theo thng k ca V Cng nghip CNTT, mt s th trng phn mm ln nh M d xut siu phn mm nhng hng nm nhp khu vn chim 30% tng chi tiu phn mm ton th gii v thu gia cng t xp x 20 t la M . Trong khi , Nht chim 20% v 17 nc Ty u chim 23% lng tiu th ton cu v xu hng chuyn dch gia cng sang cc nc ang pht trin nh n , Trung Quc, ng u v gn y l ASEAN cng tng rt nhanh38. Nu Vit Nam ginh c 10% trong 3 t la M Nht outsource hng nm th c th hon thnh ch tiu doanh thu phn mm xut khu ra. Ngoi ra, thch thc i vi ngun nhn lc n , tr thnh mt c hi cho Vit Nam. Nhn lc n b sung khng kp hon chnh v c s lng v cht lng: quc gia ny o to 2 triu sinh vin CNTT mi nm, v ch 5% trong s c th thu c do ph hp vi yu cu ca ngnh. Trong s nhng ngi cn li, 15% n 20% ngi c th o to c v c th tr thnh nhn vin mi, 80% thm ch khng th o to c. Ngoi ra tin lng cao cng v ang lm gim tnh cnh tranh ca cc cng ty gia cng phn mm. NASSCOM cho bit trong mt bo co gn y, th ngnh cng nghip gia cng phn nc ny mm chc chn i mt vi s thiu ht ca 262.000 lao ng c tay ngh ti khong
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Tng gim c FCG Vietnam Ng Hng Phng, Gia cng phn mm, t k vng n thc t www.vietbao.vn, Tng quan xut nhp khu 2007
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70 nm 2012. S thiu ht ny ang dn dn hin r, v y chnh l c hi m Vit Nam cn nm bt b sung vo ch trng ca n vi th mnh ca mnh. Bn cnh nhng c hi gin tip m ra t th trng th gii, th vic cc i tc ln nh Intel, IBM, Microsoft... trc tip u t vo VN, s gip gip Vit Nam o to ngun nhn lc c trnh quc t p ng cho nhu cu tng lai. 2.2.4.4. Thch thc Thch thc ln nht v d nhn thy nht vi ngnh cng nghip gia cng phn mm ca Vit Nam l chng ta phi cnh tranh gay gt vi th trng quc t, c bit l n , v Trung Quc, cng mt s nc khc trong khu vc nh Hn Quc hay Philippine. Ring i vi Trung Quc, quc gia lng ging ca Vit Nam, hin ang c nhng bc tin mnh m v nhanh chng trong vic xy dng cng nghip phn mm theo hng gia cng xut khu. Trung Quc c th cnh tranh vi Vit Nam c v cht lng lao ng ln gi c v chi ph thp. Hn na, bn thn cng nghip phn mm l mt ngnh c tc pht trin rt nhanh, vng i cng ngh ngn, cn chi ph u t ln cho vic o to cp nht cng ngh, marketing tm kim m rng th trng. Vic m vn phng i din mt s quc gia i tc nh M, Nht Bn, hay Chu u l rt t . Trong khi ngnh cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam li cn rt non tr, tng i yu v ngun lc, v thiu v kinh nghim. l nhng thch thc v mo him khng nh cho cc doanh nghip phn mm Vit Nam mun vn ra th trng quc t. Mt thch thc khng th khng cp ti l t l vi phm bn quyn s hu tr tu v phn mm Vit Nam l rt cao, cho d hin ti Chnh ph ang trin khai mnh cc bin php gim t l vi phm, tng cng quyn li ca cc ch th s hu. Chnh tnh trng xm phm quyn s hu tr tu gy nn tm l bc xc trong gii sng to, doanh nghip v ngi tiu dng. c bit, vn nn ny cn tc ng khng nh ti mi trng sng to v u t, khin cho cc i tc
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71 nc ngoi e ngi khi u t vo Vit Nam. thch nghi vi mi trng kinh doanh c s rng buc ca c ch bo h s hu tr tu cng khng phi l chuyn d lm i vi cc doanh nghip nhng li l yu cu cn thit khi Vit Nam l thnh vin ca WTO. Nm trong xu hng gim ton cu v t l vi phm bn quyn phn mm ti hu ht cc quc gia, t l vi phm ti Vit Nam gim 3%, t mc 88% trong nm 2006 xung mc 85% trong nm 2007 (thng tin c BSA39 cng b chiu ngy 28/5/2008 ti H Ni), tuy nhin chng ta vn nm trong top nhng nc c t l vi phm bn quyn cao nht th gii (xp th 10 trn th gii). Kt lun: Bng vic s dng k thut phn tch S.W.O.T, tc gi c gng ch ra nhng nt c bn nht v th mnh, cng nh hn ch ca ngnh gia cng phn mm Vit Nam, ng thi phn tch c nhng c hi v c thch thc no ang ch chng ta pha trc. Kt qu ca vic phn tch ny s c tip tc s dng phn sau ca bi vit, trong s nu ra mt s kin c th nhm gp phn y mnh s pht trin ca ngnh gia cng phn mm nc ta trong nhng nm ti. V xa hn na, l gia cng phn mm pht trin s l bn p a ngnh phn mm ni ring v ngnh CNTT Vit Nam ni chung vn ra th trng ton cu.
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Business Software Alliance, Lin minh Phn mm Doanh nghip

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PHN III: MT S KIN GP PHN PHT TRIN GIA CNG PHN MM VIT NAM
3.1. XU HNG GIA CNG PHN MM TRN TH GII TRONG NHNG NM TI
Xu hng quc t hin ang xem trng gi tr cng vic v mi quan h hn l ngun nhn lc gi r. Nu ch c gi thp th s nhn c rt t ngh c gi tr cao. Hin nay, cc doanh nghip chu u giao gia cng thng khng coi chi ph l yu t chnh m t trng tm vo ngun cung ng cc dch v c gi tr nh h chuyn gia v tip cn th trng a phng. Bng 7: Xu hng outsourcing trn th gii trong nhng nm ti STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Quc gia Trung Quc n M Brazil Nga Ucraina Rumani Blart Phillippin Canada STT 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Quc gia Ailen Malaysia cmni Chil Nam Phi Thi Lan Vit Nam Mnavia Mxic Ba Lan STT 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Quc gia Bungari Ixraen Pakixtan Cadctan Anbani Hungari Cng ho Sc Latvia Singapore Cotsta Rica
(Ngun: http://www.outsourcingprofessional.org) Trn y l bng xu hng outsourcing s din ra trong 10 nm ti do t chc IAOP a ra vo nm 2007, trong so snh v th cnh tranh ca mi nc trn th trng quc t da trn nhng yu t nh tc tng dn s, tc tng trng GDP, cung lao ng, mc thnh tho cng ngh thng tin. Theo ch s
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73 ny, Trung Quc vn ln ng u trong khi n s tt mt bc v ng sau Trung Quc. M s gp mt trong danh sch v tr th 3 nh a ra nhng dch v c gi tr cao nhng c nh gi rt cnh tranh. Cc quc gia nh Israel v Singapore s km cnh tranh hn v khng th gim c chi ph ang tng ln; trong khi cc nc khc nh Costa Rica s c gng gi vng nng lc cnh tranh bi v t nc ny khng th duy tr tc tng dn s v lc lng lao ng c tay ngh cn thit c c s hp dn nh c. Trc y nn kinh t ton cu nh hnh xu hng chuyn vic lm sang n tn dng li th nhn cng gi r, tuy nhin xu hng outsourcing trong tng lai tr nn phc tp hn nhiu so vi vic ch i tm kim nhng ni c chi ph thp nht. Yu t quyt nh trn th trng outsourcing CNTT l cht lng v tc ch khng hn l gi c. Mt ln sng outsourcing mi cho php cc cng ty c c CNTT nhanh nhy v ng tin cy t trin khai cc dch v mi ph hp v gim gi nhng dch v khng cn na; ng thi, tn dng c i ng lao ng c tay ngh cao v i mi lin tc cc nc ang pht trin v cc nn kinh t mi ni. Bng 8: Nhm quc gia c cung/cu v outsourcing Cc quc gia c nhu cu M Nht Bn Anh Australia Chu u Nhm quc gia cung cp th hai Australia New Zealand Brazil Pakistan Chile Nam Phi ng u v Baltic Singapore Ai Cp Malaysia Nhm quc gia cung cp th nht Canada Ailen Trung Quc M xi c n Nga Nhm quc gia ang pht trin Carib Senegal Trung/ng u Ty Ban Nha Ghana Sri Lanka Indonesia Thailan Israel Vit Nam Mauritius
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74 (Ngun: http://www.outsourcingprofessional.org) Mt trong nhng xu hng chnh ca outsourcing trong 10 nm ti l s pht trin ca cc cng ty outsourcing a quc gia, v ti gia cng ca nhng nc hin ang dn u. Cc tp on a quc gia ny ch yu hng n nhng nc ang pht trin, v d ngy nay rt ph bin vi vic Nht t vn phng tuyn sau ti Trung Quc, Php chn Marocco hay M chn Mexico... Ring vi quc gia hin ang dn u v outsourcing cng nh gia cng phn mm, n , th li chn gii php i tt n u, t vic trc tip gia cng cho cc doanh nghip nc ngoi, h s chuyn mt phn hoc ton b hp ng cho cc quc gia khc, hay chnh l vic n s ti gia cng nhng nc c chi ph thp hn. Ngoi ra tn dng c li th chi ph r cc nc ang pht trin, v vn c hng li t vic ti gia cng, h s cng s m vn phng tuyn sau ti nhng nc ny v gia cng vic lm n trc khch hng, nhng doanh nghip trc tip thu n gia cng, mt bc. Mt s nh phn tch so snh chin lc ny vi vic Nht Bn thm nhp th trng t M nhng nm 1970 hay vic ngi Nht hc cch sn xut t M m khng cn a cng nhn ca mnh n M hc. Hin nay, cc cng ty n ang hc cch a gia cng ra ngoi m khng cn s c mt ca ngi n.Vi i ng nhn vin nhiu kinh nghim, cc tp on ln ny c th n bt c ni u trn th gii. y l mt xu hng mang li li ch trong ngn hn cho cc nc ang pht trin khc trn th gii, trong c Vit Nam, khi ngy c nhiu c hi c nhn cc hp ti gia cng t n , hoc cc hp ng gia cng t cc tp on a quc gia khc trn th gii. Va l c hi tranh th hc hi, nng cao kinh nghim, trnh ngun nhn lc, cc doanh nghip gia cng va c c hi tm kim, m rng quan h i tc trc tip vi cc i tc khc.
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3.2. QUAN IM, NH HNG V MC TIU PHT TRIN NGNH CNG NGHIP PHN MM CA CHNH PH 3.2.1. Quan im pht trin
Cng nghip phn mm l ngnh kinh t tri thc, cng ngh cao, c gi tr gia tng ln, to ra gi tr xut khu cao, gp phn quan trng vo s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho. Nh nc c bit khuyn khch v to mi iu kin thun li thu ht u t v pht trin ngnh cng nghip ny tr thnh mt ngnh kinh t trng im trong nn kinh t quc dn. Pht trin ngun nhn lc v c s lng v cht lng l iu kin then cht cho s thnh cng ca cng nghip phn mm. Nh nc tng cng u t v khuyn khch x hi ho cng tc o to, pht trin ngun nhn lc cng ngh thng tin, ng thi y mnh hot ng nghin cu v pht trin cng nghip phn mm, kt hp cht ch gia o to, nghin cu khoa hc, pht trin cng ngh v sn xut. Cn ch trng dch v cng ngh thng tin, trc mt l gia cng phn mm v dch v cho nc ngoi, song song vi vic tng cng m rng th trng trong nc, tp trung pht trin mt s phn mm trng im, em li hiu qu kinh t x hi cao, thay th cc sn phm phn mm nhp khu, p ng nhu cu ng dng cng ngh thng tin ca Vit Nam.
3.2.2. nh hng pht trin

Quan im pht trin ca cc Quyt nh s 51/2007/Q-TTg ngy 12/04/2007 ph duyt chng trnh pht trin Cng nghip phn mm n nm 2010 v Quyt nh s 56/2007/Q -TTg ngy 3/5/2007 ph duyt chng trnh pht trin cng nghip ni dung s n nm 2010 c th hin qua cc ni dung sau:
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76 Pht trin ngun nhn lc ng o v chuyn nghip: y l iu kin then cht cho thnh cng ca ngnh cng nghip phm mm. Chnh v vy cn y mnh x hi ha cng tc o to, pht trin ngun nhn lc v CNTT, huy ng ti a mi ngun lc cho cng tc quan trng ny. Cn tp trung cho cc sn phm dch v phn mm, cn ch trng c bit ti hot ng outsourcing cho cc quc gia nh Nht Bn, chu u. Nh nc huy ng mi ngun lc u t thch ng cho s pht trin cng nghip phn mm. Trong cn nhn mnh pht trin mnh m th trng ni a lm ch da, bn p cho cc doanh nghip trong nc thc hnh, rn luyn, tch ly kinh nghim khi tin ra th trng quc t. u t trc tip nc ngoi v ca Vit Kiu, y c coi l ngun FDI ng mt vai tr ht sc quan trng cho s pht trin ca cng nghip phn mm, v cn phi tp trung c nhng chnh sch thu ht ngun vn ny. Gim t l vi phm bn quyn, cn phi c cc bin php mnh v kin quyt gim t l vi phm bn quyn phn mm th trng trong nc. T nhng nh hng pht trin c th cho ngnh cng nghip phn mm ca Chnh ph nh nu trong hai quyt nh trn, Hip hi doanh nghip phn mm a ra mt tm nhn chung cho ngnh phn mm nh sau: Hng a Vit Nam tr thnh a ch hng u v outsourcing quc t v l trung tm o to, cung cp nhn lc phn mm ca th gii.
3.2.3. Mc tiu pht trin n nm 2010

n nm 2010, ngnh cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam t c cc mc tiu c bn sau:
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77 Tc tng trng trung bnh t khong 35 - 40%/nm. Tng doanh thu t phn mm v dch v phn mm t trn 800 triu la M /nm, trong gi tr xut khu t t nht 40%; Tng s nhn lc pht trin phn mm v dch v phn mm t khong 55.000 n 60.000 ngi, vi gi tr sn phm trung bnh t 15.000 la M /ngi/nm; Xy dng c trn 10 doanh nghip phn mm c quy m nhn lc trn 1.000 ngi v 200 doanh nghip phn mm c quy m nhn lc trn 100 ngi; Thuc nhm cc nc dn u v thu ht u t trc tip nc ngoi trong lnh vc phn mm v lt vo danh sch 15 quc gia cung cp dch v gia cng phn mm hp dn nht trn th gii; Gim t l vi phm quyn s hu tr tu trong lnh vc phn mm xung bng mc trung bnh trong khu vc.
3.3. CC GII PHP CHIN LC QUC GIA CHO NGNH CNG NGHIP PHM MM
c th hon thnh c nhng mc tiu chin lc ra, m trc ht l trong giai on trc mt vo nm 2010, mt s gii php chin lc mang tm quc gia c a ra nh: 1. Hon thin mi trng php l, nng cao nng lc qun l nh nc v h tr pht trin cng nghip phn mm 2. y mnh pht trin ngun nhn lc cho cng nghip phn mm, trong tp trung: Tng cng s lng, nng cao cht lng o to cng ngh thng tin trong h thng cc trng i hc, cao ng
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78 y nhanh tin thc hin Chng trnh pht trin ngun nhn lc v cng ngh thng tin n nm 2010 c ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 331/Q-TTg ngy 06 thng 4 nm 2004 ca Th tng Chnh ph; M rng quy m o to v tng nhanh ch tiu tuyn sinh khi cc ngnh cng ngh thng tin cho cc trng i hc, cao ng v trung hc chuyn nghip. Nng cao cht lng o to cng ngh thng tin, tng cng cc mn hc v phn tch, thit k, kin trc h thng, pht trin ng dng, k nng qun l trong cc khoa cng ngh thng tin ca cc trng i hc, cao ng. Gn kt cht ch gia o to v sn xut cng nghip. Ci tin, cp nht, hin i ho chng trnh o to cng ngh thng tin theo chun quc t; tng cng chuyn giao cc chng trnh o to cng ngh thng tin t cc nc tin tin; nng cao trnh cho i ng ging vin; u t cc trang thit b, h thng mng li m bo cc iu kin thc hnh cho sinh vin; Khuyn khch cc t chc, c nhn, doanh nghip trong v ngoi nc u t xy dng cc c s o to v cng ngh thng tin; y mnh vic thnh lp cc trng i hc cng ngh thng tin t thc cht lng cao; thu ht v to iu kin thun li cc trng i hc quc t m c s o to cng ngh thng tin ti Vit Nam; Trin khai chng trnh o to k s/c nhn cng ngh thng tin bng ting nc ngoi theo m hnh 1+4 (mt nm o to ngoi ng v 4 nm o to chuyn mn bng ngoi ng ); Tng cng cc kho o to vn bng th 2 v cng ngh thng tin cho sinh vin, cn b tt nghip cc ngnh khc;
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79 Tng ch tiu hc vin cng ngh thng tin c tham d chng trnh o to nc ngoi bng ngn sch nh nc theo n 322 ca B Gio dc v o to. y mnh cc chng trnh o to phi chnh quy v ngn hn v cng ngh thng tin Khuyn khch m rng quy m v tng cng cht lng o to ca cc c s o to cng ngh thng tin ngoi cng lp. Xy dng v chun ho cc chng trnh, gio trnh, vn bng, chng ch o to cng ngh thng tin phi chnh quy; t chc thm nh, nh gi, cng nhn tng ng cc chng ch, vn bng do cc t chc o to cng ngh thng tin quc t cp; Xy dng chng trnh, gio trnh v t chc cc kho o to ngn hn nng cao, chuyn su v cc k nng, cng ngh cho i ng nhn lc phn mm; Trin khai chng trnh 4+1, trong cc sinh vin tt nghip cc ngnh ngoi ng, khoa hc, k thut, kinh t c o to thm 1 nm v cng ngh thng tin tr thnh chuyn gia cng ngh thng tin; Tng cng hp tc quc t, trin khai cc chng trnh, d n o to pht trin ngun nhn lc phn mm nh hng th trng trng im; u tin, h tr v to iu kin cho cc doanh nghip cng ngh thng tin trong vic u t cho pht trin ngun nhn lc phn mm; khuyn khch trin khai m hnh o to, nghin cu gn kt vi sn xut trong cc doanh nghip cng ngh thng tin;
79
80 y mnh cc chng trnh xut khu lao ng cng ngh thng tin, tng cng hp tc quc t trao i chuyn gia, chuyn giao cng ngh, trin khai cc chng trnh o to gn vi cng vic vi cc i tc nc ngoi. 3. Tng cng cc ngun vn u t cho cng nghip phn mm 4. Pht trin th trng cng ngh thng tin trong nc v nc ngoi 5. H tr v nng cao nng lc cnh tranh cho cc doanh nghip phn mm 6. y mnh ng dng v pht trin phn mm m ngun m 7. Tng cng h tng vin thng - Internet cho cng nghip phn mm 8. Ngoi ra cn y mnh thc hin mt s nhng n, d n trng im nh: D n y mnh pht trin ngun nhn lc, tng cng s lng, nng cao cht lng o to cng ngh thng tin do B Gio dc v o to phi hp vi B Bu chnh, Vin thng trin khai thc hin; D n xy dng thng hiu, hnh nh cho cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam, tng cng xc tin thng mi, pht trin th trng gia cng, xut khu phn mm do B Bu chnh, Vin thng phi hp vi B Thng mi v Hip hi doanh nghip phn mm VINASA trin khai thc hin; D n pht trin mt s sn phm v dch v phn mm trng im ca Vit Nam do B Bu chnh, Vin thng phi hp vi y ban nhn dn cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng v Hip hi doanh nghip phn mm VINASA trin khai thc hin; n thnh lp Qu pht trin cng nghip phn mm do B Bu chnh, Vin thng phi hp vi Hip hi doanh nghip phn mm VINASA xy dng v trnh Th tng Chnh ph xem xt, quyt nh;
80
81 D n nng cao nng lc cho cc doanh nghip phn mm, h tr p dng cc quy trnh sn xut, m bo cht lng theo chun quc t do B Bu chnh, Vin thng phi hp vi y ban nhn dn cc tnh, thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng thc hin; D n u t xy dng Vin Cng nghip phn mm do B Bu chnh, Vin thng ch tr; D n xy dng v vn hnh cng thng tin cng nghip phn mm do B Bu chnh, Vin thng phi hp vi Hip hi doanh nghip phn mm VINASA trin khai thc hin.
3.4. MT S KIN C TH GP PHN Y MNH PHT TRIN GIA CNG PHN MM VIT NAM
Mc d c c mt s kt qu kh quan v gia cng phn mm trong nhng nm qua nhng nhn chung, Vit Nam vn cha chng t c ht kh nng ca mnh trong vic xy dng v pht trin ngnh cng nghip phn mm. S ph duyt chnh thc ca Chnh ph i vi chng trnh Pht trin cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam n nm 2010 vo gia thng 4/2007 nh nu trn chnh l th hin s k vng ca nc ta vo vic pht trin, cng nh ng gp ca ngnh cng nghip ny vo nn kinh t. t c nhng mc tiu ra, vic quan trng nht l phi bm st nhng gii php chin lc ra nhng cn phi ht sc linh hot trong vic thc hin. Di y l mt vi xut c th gp phn y mnh pht trin xut khu gia cng phn mm ca nc ta: Thu ht u t trc tip nc ngoi (FDI) vo ngnh cng ngh Nh trnh by cc phn trn, s u t ca cc cng ty nc ngoi, c bit l ca cc tp on a quc gia, nh hng rt ln nu khng ni l quyt nh
81
82 cho s thnh cng ca vic xut khu phn mm ti nhiu cng quc xut khu phn mm trn th gii. Hin Vit Nam ang c nhiu c hi thu ht cc cng ty nc ngoi u t m cc trung tm pht trin gia cng phn mm xut khu. S n nh v an ninh v chnh tr l nhng iu kin thun li cn thit, tuy nhin Vit Nam cn c cc chnh sch ng b v cc bin php mnh hn na mi c th tn dng c c hi ny. y mnh pht trin v nng cao cht lng ngun nhn lc phn mm Trn thc t cc doanh nghip phn mm Vit Nam khng gp qu nhiu kh khn trong vic tm kim th trng, bi nhn chung, kh nng khai ph th trng bn ngoi c khch hng ca cc doanh nghip ny ngy cng c m rng. Tuy nhin, vn ct li vn l yu t ni lc cnh tranh, v thm nhp c cc th trng ln, n nh; m ni lc chnh l ngun nhn lc phn mm trong doanh nghip. C th c th ha nhng chin lc m Chnh ph a ra pht trin ngun nhn lc phn mm bng nhng vic nh: V mt o to chnh quy trong cc trng i hc, cao ng ca B Gio dc cn c k hoch a ting Anh vo ging dy v hc tp trong cc khoa CNTT cng sm cng tt, trc mt c th thc hin th im mt s trng, sau c th nhn rng dn ra. Cn lin tc cp nht, i mi chng trnh, tng s mn cng nh thi lng hc chuyn mn, loi b cc mn hc lc hu; lin kt thu gio vin t cc vin nghin cu, t cc cng ty phn mm v c cc chuyn gia nc ngoi vo ging dy; trang b thm c s vt cht phc v cho thc hnh (my tnh, mng li, ng truyn internet) v.v. Ngoi ra cng cn cho php thnh lp mt s trng i hc chuyn v CNTT c cht lng cao trc thuc b ngnh chuyn mn qun l; m rng c ch cho php cc trng i hc nc ngoi m trng i hc CNTT ti Vit Nam;
82
83 i vi loi hnh o to phi chnh quy v CNTT do cc doanh nghip hoc cc trung tm o to ngh lin kt vi cc cng ty nc ngoi o to Nh nc cn c chnh sch khuyn khch v h tr. C th m thm cc trung tm o to theo m hnh trung tm o to k s CNTT theo chun Nht Bn. Lp qu o to v pht trin nhn lc PM trong 50% l ngn sch nh nc v 50% do cc doanh nghip ng gp nhm cung cp cc kho o to nng cao v quy trnh cng ngh phn mm cho cc cn b lm phn mm ca cc doanh nghip... Ngoi ra, cn khuyn khch t chc cc chng trnh o to chuyn bit do cc d n hp tc gia Vit Nam v nc ngoi t chc, mc tiu nhm to ra c mt i ng thnh tho cc chun phn mm quc t, hiu bit cc hng dn v bn quyn, xy dng v m rng mng li kinh doanh, S hp tc trc tip vi cc i tc nc ngoi s gip cho doanh nghip lm quen vi nhng m hnh kinh doanh, phong cch lm vic, kinh nghim v tip th, giao tip, v t chc, cng nh nhng mong mun cc i tc nc ngoi c th thc hin tt cc hp ng trong tng lai. Hc hi n v Trung Quc trong vic tng cng o to nhn lc c nh hng th trng trng im. Vit Nam cng cn y mnh hot ng a cc cn b phn mm ra hc tp v lm vic nc ngoi, pht trin o to chuyn mn song song vi o to ngoi ng theo tng th trng trng im (trong c ting Anh, v ting Nht l hai ngoi ng quan trng). Kinh nghim nhiu nc cho thy chnh lc lng ny s l nhng nhn t rt quan trng cho vic sn xut v xut khu phn mm. ng thi vic a cc lao ng phn mm ra lm vic nc ngoi theo t chc cng c th em li mt ngun thu khng nh. Chng ta cn c cc chnh sch khuyn khch v h tr xut khu lao ng phn mm, cn c s hp tc cp chnh ph vi cc quc gia c nhu cu nhp khu lao ng phn mm nhm n gin ho cc th tc xin cp vi-za cho lao ng phn mm. Chng http://svnckh.com.vn 83
84 ta cng cn c cc chnh sch thu ht cc chuyn gia phn mm Vit kiu v lm vic v m doanh nghip hot ng ti Vit Nam. Mt iu ng lu v pht trin ngun nhn lc l cn phi bit mt cch r rng gia nhn lc thc hin cng vic gia cng phn mm, v nhn lc v tr lnh o, kinh doanh pht trin gia cng phn mm. Bn cnh vic nng cao cht lng v trnh k thut ca i ng gia cng phn mm, ng thi cng cn nng cao kh nng qun l, tm kim tip cn th trng ca i ng lnh o. Cc nh qun l cn phi am hiu khng nhng v kinh t, k nng kinh doanh, m cn phi am hiu lut php v phn mm, cng nh nm bt c xu hng pht trin phn mm trong tng lai. Hon thin mi trng php l cho ngnh CNPM Ngoi vic xy dng hnh lang php l cho vic trao i thng mi to iu kin cho vic xut khu phn mm, Vit Nam cn phi c bit ch trng n vic thc thi lut bn quyn cho cc sn phm phn mm. Vic thc thi nghim chnh cc lut v bn quyn mt mt s thc y nn cng nghip phn mm trong nc pht trin, mt khc s to mt mi trng kinh doanh lnh mnh cho cc doanh nghip nc ngoi u t vo cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam. Cc cng ty nc ngoi s khng cn e ngi khi thu cc cng ty Vit Nam lm gia cng phn mm. Pht trin c s h tng vin thng Internet Cc cng ty phn mm, c bit l cc cng ty lm gia cng v sn xut phn mm xut khu, c nhng yu cu rt cao v dch v Vin thng v Internet. ng truyn Internet phi c bng thng v tin cy cao nhm cho nhiu chuyn gia phn mm t nhiu quc gia c th ng thi lm vic online trn cng mt sn phm. Vic ti cc file d liu ln t Internet cng l mt trong nhng yu
84
85 cu thng xuyn. Do vy cn tip tc u t nng cao bng thng v cht lng dch v cho h tng Vin thng internet, c bt cn c cc u tin v c s h tng thng tin cho cc doanh nghip phn mm. Song song vi vic pht trin c s h tng v mt lng nh vy, vn cn phi nhn mnh thm v vic nng cao tnh bo mt c s d liu trong qu trnh truyn ti, iu ny s to lng tin cho cc i tc ca Vit Nam. H tr tm kim, nghin cu v pht trin th trng Vit Nam cn phi c mt chin lc marketing mang tm c quc gia cho nn cng nghip phn mm. i b phn cc doanh nghip phn mm l cc doanh nghip va v nh. Cng vic tm hiu th trng mt nc khc, tip th v qung b cho sn phm phn mm nc ngoi l qu sc i vi s doanh nghip ny. Nh nc cn u t v t chc cc chng trnh nhm h tr cc doanh nghip trong lnh vc rt kh khn ny. C th lp mt qu nghin cu v h tr qung b, tip th pht trin th trng cho cc doanh nghip trong nh nc u t ban u 50%, cn 50% s trch t doanh thu ca cc doanh nghip phn mm. Cn thit phi t chc cc hi tho, hi ngh tuyn truyn trong v ngoi nc v cc chnh sch khuyn khch, cc k hoch v cc thnh tu ca cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam xy dng mt hnh nh v CNPM Vit Nam trn th trng quc t. Cn lp cc u ban hp tc lin chnh ph v cng ngh thng tin v sn xut phn mm vi cc th trng chin lc nh Bc M, EU v Nht Bn nhn c nhng hp ng phn phi li cho doanh nghip. Vic pht huy vai tr ca cc hip hi phn mm v cc hi tin hc cng l mt im rt quan trng. Cc hip hi c nhim v lin kt cc doanh nghip thnh
85
86 vin nhm nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca c khi, t chc gii thiu vi th gii v cng nghip phn mm Vit Nam thng qua hi tho, hi ngh v cc mi lin h vi cc hip hi tng ng cc quc gia khc.
86
87
KT LUN
Vit Nam c nh gi l mt quc gia c tim nng pht trin cng nghip phn mm nhm p ng nhu cu th trng trong nc cng nh gia cng xut khu. Hot ng gia cng xut khu phn mm ca Vit Nam c nhiu yu t thun li nh c s h tr mnh m ca ng v Nh nc, nm trong khu vc rt nng ng v CNTT, li c s n nh cao v an ninh chnh tr, gi nhn cng v chi ph rt thp v c nhiu chuyn gia phn mm Vit kiu ang lm vic trong cc cng ty phn mm ln nc ngoi mong mun quay v Vit nam lm vic hoc u t sn xut. Tuy nhin Vit Nam cng c nhiu im yu nh hng n kh nng gia cng xut khu phn mm. l kh nng thu ht u t nc ngoi yu, cht lng ngun nhn lc phn mm thp, nng lc cnh tranh ca cc doanh nghip km, c s h tng vin thng internet cn hn ch, cha c kh nng tip th qung b m rng th trng quc t v nn vi phm bn quyn rt cao. Vit Nam cn c nguy c b canh tranh rt gay gt t cc nc trong khu vc v c bit l t Trung Quc. Hin Vit Nam ang c kh nhiu c hi c th y mnh vic pht trin cng nghip phn mm ni chung v hot ng gia cng xut khu phn mm ni ring. Tuy nhin c th chp c thi c ny Vit Nam cn phi c s n lc phn u ng b ca c Chnh ph, cc c quan qun l nh nc lin quan, cc doanh nghip v cc hip hi.
87
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DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

A. Ti liu ting Vit: 1. Bo u t (2006), 2010: Mc tiu 1,2 t USD doanh thu phn mm, Bo in t Vietnamnet chuyn mc CNTT, link: http://vietnamnet.vn/cntt/2006/02/540596/ 2. Diu Anh (2005), Vit Nam s ginh 10% th trng gia cng phn mm Nht Bn, Trang Tin nhanh Vit Nam, link: http://www.vnexpress.net/GL/Vi-tinh/2004/06/3B9D33C1/ 3. Huy (2008), Phn mm Vit Nam: m hn trn bn quc t, Din n Pht trin BCVT v CNTT, link: http://www.vnpost.dgpt.gov.vn/bao_2006/so34_35/chuyende/t7b1.htm 4. Hi tin hc thnh ph H Ch Minh (2008), Bo co Ton cnh ngun nhn lc CNTT Vit Nam 2007, Ti liu lu hnh ni b khng xut bn 5. ICTnews (2008), Nht s l i tc s 1 ca ngnh phn mm VN, Bo in t ca Bo Khuyn hc v Dn tr, link: dantri.com.vn/cong-nghe/hat-se-la-doi-tac-so-1-cua-nganh-phan-memV/2008/7/239212.vip - 77k 6. Lut Cng ngh thng tin ca Quc hi nc cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam S 67/2006/QH11 ngy 29 thng 6 nm 2006 7. Phanmemvietnam (2007), Gia cng phn mm ca Vit Nam: ng n1 t USD,link: http://www.3c.com.vn/Story/vn/nghiencuuvaphattrien/phanmem/2007/6/167 63.html 8. Quyt nh s 51/2007/Q-TTg ngy 12/04/2007 ph duyt chng trnh pht trin Cng nghip phn mm n nm 2010
9. Quyt nh s 56/2007/Q -TTg ngy 3/5/2007 ph duyt chng trnh pht trin cng nghip ni dung s n nm 2010 10.Thanh Huyn (2007), Cng nghip phn mm VN: hng ti th 3 th gii, Bo in t VTC News, link: http://www.vtc.vn/congnghe/tinhoc/171162/index.htm 11.Thanh T (2005), Cng nghip gia cng phn mm n vi nhng thch thc ln, Bo in t Vietnamnet, link: http://www.vietnamnet.vn/cntt/thegioiso/2004/06/210130/ 12.Thi bo Vi tnh Si Gn (2007), Ngnh gia cng phn mm VN ang u?, link: http://vietnamnet.vn/cntt/2006/09/613265/ 13.Thomas L.Friedman (2007), Th gii phng, NXB Tr, Tp. HCM 14.Tuyt n (2007), Gia cng phn mm: t k vng n thc t, Thi Bo Kinh T Si Gn 15.Vnmedia (2007), Ba kch bn cho ngnh cng nghip phn mm, MFO News, link: http://mfo.mquiz.net/wto/?function=NEF&file=1420 16.VTV (2008), Phn mm Vit Nam V tr no trn bn th gii?, Trang thng tin chnh thc ca i Truyn hnh Vit Nam, link:
http://cuocsongso.vtv.vn/TrongTamNgam/2008/7/19/170219/ 17.Website chnh thc ca B Thng tin v Truyn thng, http://mic.gov.vn/ 18.Website chnh thc ca Cng ty Xut khu phn mm TMA, www.tmasolutions.com 19.Website trong lnh vc tuyn dng v nhn s ca Cng ty c phn phn mm FPT, http://www.fptsoftwarecareer.com
B. Ti liu ting Anh: 20.Hallo Solutions details of Outsourcing (2008), link:
www.hallosolutions.com 21.Brown-Wilson Group (2008), The 2008 issue of the annual list 22.Center Intelligence Agency (2008), The world factbook 23.Computer and Information Technology (2005), The Fifth International Conference on Volume , Issue 24.Edward M.Brancheau (2008), The Ultimate Guide to Software Outsourcing, Enzine Articles 25.Fortune Magazine (2008), The Fortune Global 500 26.Frank Mulligan (2007), Outsourcing soaking up China Tech skills, link: http://english.analysys.com.cn/ 27.IAOP (2007), Global Outsourcing Report 2007 28.IAOP (2008), The Global Outsourcing 100, the 2008 Outsourcing World Summit, Orlando, Florida 29.IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software (2006), The Analysis International 2006: 30.Rob Handfield (2006), A chief History of Outsourcing, North Carolina State University 31.Shachindra Agarwal (2007), Understanding Software Outsourcing,
Swstragtegies, The SwStrategies 32.Temeko Richardson (2007), Outsourcing Trends - 5 Ways to Breakthrough the Latest Barriers, Enzine Articles 33.Thomas L.Friedman (2005), The world is flat, Straus & Giroux Hardcover 34.Viet Nam Facts, link: http://indexmundi.com
35.Website: www.goldsmiths.ac.uk 36.Website:http://www.outsourcingprofessional.org

(YRC) - Outsourcing Va Thuc Trang Gia Cong Xuat Khau Phan Mem Cua Viet Nam

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MC LC

DANH MC BNG BIU

[ii] Chu ...51

DANH MC K HIU VIT TT

PHN I: MT S VN C BN V OUTSOURCING V SOFTWARE OUTSOURCING

Thomas L. Friedman (2005), The world is flat

1.1. MT S VN C BN V OUTSOURCING THU NGOI

1.1.1. Khi nim v c im

Thomas L.Friedman, Th gii phng, NXB Tr (2007)

1.1.2. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin

9 (Ngun: www.hallosolutions.com, Hallo Solutions details of Outsourcing)

1.1.2. Quy trnh outsourcing

Theo ranh gii a l

Theo ni dung outsourcing

10 S 1: Quy trnh outsourcing

(Ngu n: Shachindra Agarwal,Understanding Software Outsourcing, Swstragtegies)

1.1.3. Vai tr ca outsourcing

1.1.4. Nhng hn ch ca outsourcing

1.2.1. Khi nim

Lut cng ngh thng tin 2007, iu 4,khon 12

1.2.2. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin

1.2.3. Quy trnh thc hin gia cng phn mm

1.2.4. Vai tr ca gia cng phm mm

1.2.5. Nhng hn ch ca gia cng phn mm

1.2.6. Tiu chun nh gi nng lc sn xut phn mm

1.3. K THUT PHN TCH S.W.O.T

www.mfo.mquiz.net/wto, Ba kch bn cho ngnh cng nghip phn mm

National Ascociation of Software Services Companies

2.1.2. Trung Quc

Frank Mulligan (2007), Outsourcing soaking up China Tech Skills

www.vietnamnet.com, Ngnh gia cng phn mm Vit Nam ang u

Biu 2: Doanh thu ca ngnh CNPM Vit Nam (2002 2007)

(Ngun: Hip hi doanh nghip phn mm Vit Nam (VINASA))

2.2.2. i tc chin lc ca Vit Nam trong lnh vc phn mm

2.2.3. Nhng doanh nghip phn mm Vit Nam tiu biu

2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 26 08 26 09 28 15 28 17 33 19

www.vietnamnet.net, 2010: Mc tiu 1,2 tUSD doanh thu phn mm

www.hca.org.vn, Gia cng phn mm, t k vng n thc t

http://indexmundi.com, Viet Nam Facts

Swiss Import Promotion Programme, Chng trnh h tr nhp khu ca Thy S

Business Software Alliance, Lin minh Phn mm Doanh nghip

3.2.2. nh hng pht trin

3.2.3. Mc tiu pht trin n nm 2010

DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

B. Ti liu ting Anh: 20.Hallo Solutions details of Outsourcing (2008), link:

35.Website: www.goldsmiths.ac.uk 36.Website:http://www.outsourcingprofessional.org

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