Building Design

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BUILDING:
Any structure for whatever purpose and of any material and every part of them whether for
human or any other purpose, including all the structural elements like foundations, masonry,
roofs, etc., with all the services like water closet, bathroom, staircase, etc., is termed as building.
Building does not only refer to house but also implies the masonry the building is providing for
sheltering the human beings.
Building can be classified based on the occupancy and the type of construction. On the basis of
occupancy, the buildings are classified as:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Residential building
Educational building
Institutional building
Assembly building
Mercantile building
Business building
Industrial building
Storage building
Hazardous building
1.1.1. Residential building:

Residential building includes all the building in which the food and lodging
accommodation is provided for normal residential purposes with lodging room, water
closet and bath are included for small family, private dwellers, dormitories, apartments
houses(flats), hotel and hostels.
1.1.2. Educational building:
This building includes any building used for schools and colleges.
1.1.3. Institutional building:
These buildings include hospitals and sanatoria, custodial homes such as homes in firms
and orphanages and penal institutions such as jails, prisons, mental hospitals and
reformatories.
1.1.4. Assembly building:
These are buildings where group of people congregate or gather for amusements,
recreation, social, religious, patriotic, civil, travel and similar purposes, theatres, motion
pictures houses, assembly halls, auditorium, exhibition halls, museums, places of
worships, club rooms, etc., are such buildings.
1.1.5
Mercantile building:
These buildings are used for the transactions of business.
2
1.1.6
Business building:
These buildings are also used for the transactions of business.
1.1.7
Industrial building:
These are the buildings where products or materials of all kinds and properties are
fabricated, assembled or processed. Assembly plans laboratories, power plants, dry
cleaning plants, refineries, etc., are the example of such buildings.
1.1.8
Storage building:
These buildings are used primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods, ware or
merchandise. Cold storage, ware houses, freight depots, transit sheds, store houses, etc.,
are the example of such houses.
1.1.9
Hazardous building:
These are buildings which are used for storage, handling and manufacturing of highly
combustible or explosive materials.
Buildings can be classified, based on the construction as:
1. Heat Resistance Building
2. Fire Resistance Building
3. Sound Proof Building, etc.
Before constructing any type of building, each building needs a special type of planning as per
their functions. Similarly it needs a special and different treatment.
1.2 PLANNING OF BUILDING:
Apart from the fact that building must be designed and planned according to the
functional requirement. The basic principles have been enunciated or broad lined only and
may be applied to the problem on its industrial merits. These natures are not as rigid as of
nature. General plan is done with respect to some natural point around its location. It is done
according to its natural surrounding condition such as geographical feature of the area such
as hilly, rocky or plains, climate conditions such as warm or cold, direction of sun rays,
wind, etc. Before planning any type of structure of the building the area should be favorable
for that structure. More attention should be taken in soil test in order to find the bearing
capacity of the soil as the foundation is heavy for structure of multistoried building. In
addition, there are certain principles of planning which should be regarded while planning
the building. These are:
1. Aspects
2. Prospect
3
3. Furniture requirement
4. Roominess
5. Grouting
6. Circulation
7. Privacy
8. Sanitation
9. Elegance
10. Economy
11. Flexibility
12. Practical consideration
1.3 MULTISTORIED BUILDING

Reinforced concrete building consists of floor slabs, beams, girders and columns continuously
placed to form a rigid monolithic system. A continuous system leads to greater redundancy,
reduced moments and distributes the load more evenly. The floor slab may rest on a system of
interconnected beams. Thus a building frame is a three dimensional structure or space structure.
It is idealized as a system of interconnected two-dimensional vertical frames along the two
mutually perpendicular horizontal axes for analysis.
The degree of sophistication to which a structural analysis is carried out depends on the
importance of the structure. A wide range of approaches are available which can be carried out
manually or with the aid of pocket calculators to more refined techniques involving computer
solutions. In this project, manual analysis is done using methods such as moment distribution and
portal method. We separate the structural system into two load transmission mechanisms, viz.
gravity load resisting and lateral load resisting, although, in effect, these two systems are
complimentary and interactive. As an integrated system, the structure must resist and transmit all
the effects of gravity loads and lateral loads acting on it to the foundation and the ground below.
1.4 LOADS
The loads acting on the structure are due to dead loads (due to self weight), live loads (due to
occupants, water in tank, and maintenance on the roof etc.), wind loads (acting on the exposed
surface areas of the tank, staging etc.) and seismic loads (due to earthquake induced ground
excitation). Our project work has not been designed for wind loads since earthquake loads
exceed the wind loads.
DEAD LOADS
The dead loads on a frame is calculated floor wise and consists of weight of floors, girders,
partition walls, false ceilings, parapets, balconies, fixed or permanent equipment and half the
column above and below a floor. The load acting on a column is calculated from all the beams
framing into it.
LIVE LOADS
The magnitude of live loads depends upon the type of occupancy of the building. IS: 875 (Part 2)
-1987 has specified certain minimum values of live loads (or imposed loads) for specific
purposes. The live load distribution varies with time. Hence, each member is designed for the
worst combination of dead and live loads.
SEISMIC LOADS
Earthquake or seismic load on a building depends upon its geographical location, lateral stiffness
and mass and is reversible. Its effect should be considered along both axes of the building taken
on at a time. A force is defined as the product of mass and acceleration. During an earthquake,
the mass is imparted by the building whereas the acceleration is imparted by the ground
disturbance. In order to have a minimum force, the mass of the building should be as low
possible. There can be no control on the ground acceleration being an act of nature. The point of
application of this inertial force is the centre of gravity of the mass on each floor of the building.
Once there is a force, there has to be an equal and opposite reaction to balance this force. The
inertial force is resisted by the building and the resisting force acts at the centre of rigidity at
each floor of the building. The seismic forces are calculated in accordance to IS: 1893 (Part I) 2002. The wind load and earthquake loads are assumed not to act simultaneously.
1.5 DESIGN METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

The design philosophy that has been adopted in this project is the limit state method. The
philosophy of the limit state method of design represents a definite advancement over the
traditional design philosophies. Unlike working stress method, which is based on calculation on
service load conditions alone and unlike ultimate load method, which is based on calculation on
ultimate load conditions alone, Limit state method aims for a comprehensive and rational
solution to the design problem by considering safety at ultimate loads and serviceability at
working loads.
Limit state design has originated from ultimate or plastic design. The object of design based on
the limit state concept is to achieve an acceptable probability that a structure will not become
unserviceable in its life time for use for which it is intended, that is it will not reach limit state. A
structure with appropriate degrees of reliability should be able to withstand safely all loads that
are liable to act on it throughout and it should also satisfy the serviceability requirements such as
limitations on deflection and cracking. All relevant limit states must be considered in design to
ensure an adequate degree of safety and serviceability.
IS: 456-2000 and Design Aid to IS: 456-1978 (also known as SP 16) is followed in this regard to
ensure this design philosophy.
1.6 PHASES OF THE PROJECT
For the considered structural system, the design problem consisted of the following steps:
Idealization of the structure for analysis

Estimation of loads
Analysis of the idealized structural model to determine axial loads, shear and bending
moments.
Design of various structural elements.
Detailed structural drawing and schedule of reinforcing bars.
5
CHAPTER-2
BUILDING PLAN
LINE DIAGRAM OF BUILDING PLAN
Frame of the Building
ASSUMPTIONS
Dead Load
As per IS 875 (Part 1) : 1987
Live load
As per IS 875 (Part 2) : 1987

i.
Terrace: 1.5 KN/m2
ii.
Typical floors: 2.0 KN/m2
iii.
Balcony and Corridors : 3 KN/m2
iv.
Staircase : 4 KN/m2
Floor finish
1 KN/m2
Wind load
As per IS: 875. Not designed for wind load since seismic loads
exceed the wind loads.
Earthquake load
As per IS: 1893(Part 1)-2002
Depth of foundation below GL
2.1 m
Type of soil
Type II, medium as per IS: 1893 (Part 1)-2002
Allowable bearing capacity
150 KN/m2
Floor
G.F. + 3 upper floors
Walls
150mm (both external and internal walls)
Concrete
M20 conforming to IS: 456-2000
Steel
Fe 415 conforming to IS: 1786-1979
Member Size
Beam
i.
300 mm x 450 mm (Primary)
ii.
250 mm x 300 mm (Secondary)
Column : 300 mm x 450 mm
10
CHAPTER-03
GRAVITY ANALYSIS
11
FRAME ALONG PRIMARY DIRECTION OF THE BUILDING:
12
GRAVITY ANALYSIS OF FRAME YY

I. Assumptions:
Imposed Load Residential Building
1)
2)
3)
4)
For Roof
: 1.5 KN/m2
On Balcony
: 3 KN/m2
On Corridors
: 3 KN/m2
On Rooms : 2 KN/m2
3.1 LOAD CALCULATION OF DIFFERENT FLOORS:

3.1.1 Load Calculation at Roof Level:
MEMBER RY1RY2
Area S4 = 0.5 x (0.6+3.3) x 1.35
Total Self Weight of Slab = 2.632 x 4
= 2.632 m2
= 10.528 KN
Imposed Load = 2.632 x 1.5
= 3.948 KN
Equivalent UDl for Self-wt. of Slab =
= 5.399 KN/m
Equivalent UDl for Imposed Load =
= 2.025 KN/m
Area S5 = 0.5 x 1.650 x 3.3
= 2.722 m2
= 10.89 KN
= 4.084 KN
= 6.6 KN/m
= 2.475 KN/m
UDL due to Beam
= 3.375 KN/m
Total Load on the member = (5.399+2.025+6.6+2.475+3.375) = 19.874 KN/m
13
MEMBER RY2RY3
Area S3 = 0.5 x (0.4+3.1) x 1.35
= 2.362 m2
= 9.448 KN
= 3.543 KN
= 5.399 KN/m
= 2.025 KN/m
UDL due to Beam
= 3.375 KN/m
Total Load on the member = 5.399 + 2.025 + 3.375 = 10.799 KN/m

Point Load on the member due to Secondary beam = 18.72 KN
MEMBER RY3RY4
Area S1 = 0.5 x 1.650 x 3.3
= 2.722 m2
= 10.89 KN
= 4.084 KN
= 6.6 KN/m
= 2.475 KN/m
Area S2 = 0.5 x (2.7+1.35) x 0.675
= 1.367m2
= 5.468 KN
= 2.051 KN
= 2.7 KN/m
= 1.013 KN/m
UDL due to Beam
= 3.375 KN/m

Total Load on the member = (6.6+2.475+2.7+1.013+3.375) = 16.163 KN/m
14
3.1.2 Load Calculation at Typical Floor Level (1ST, 2ND & 3RD Floor):
MEMBER CY1CY2
Area S4 = 0.5 x (0.6+3.3) x 1.35
= 2.632 m2
= 10.528 KN
Imposed Load = 2.632 x 2
= 5.264 KN
= 5.399 KN/m
= 2.699 KN/m
Area S5 = 0.5 x 1.650 x 3.3
= 2.722 m2
= 10.89 KN
= 5.444 KN
= 6.6 KN/m
= 3.299 KN/m
UDL due to Beam
= 3.375 KN/m
UDL due to Wall
= 8.55 KN/m
Total Load on the member = (5.399+2.699+6.6+3.299+3.375+8.55) = 29.922 KN/m
MEMBER CY2CY3
Area S3 = 0.5 x (0.4+3.1) x 1.35
= 2.362 m2
= 9.448 KN
= 4.724 KN
= 5.399 KN/m
= 2.699 KN/m
UDL due to Beam
= 3.375 KN/m
15
UDL due to Wall
= 8.55 KN/m
Total Load on the member = 5.399 + 2.699 + 3.375 + 8.55 = 20.023 KN/m
MEMBER CY3CY4
Area S1 = 0.5 x 1.650 x 3.3
= 2.722 m2
= 10.89 KN
= 5.444 KN
= 6.6 KN/m
= 3.299 KN/m
Area S2 = 0.5 x (2.7+1.35) x 0.675
= 1.367m2
= 5.468 KN
= 2.734 KN
= 2.7 KN/m
= 1.35 KN/m
UDL due to Beam
= 3.375 KN/m
UDL due to Wall
= 8.55 KN/m

Total Load on the member = (6.6+3.299+2.7+1.35+3.375+8.55) = 25.874 KN/m
16
Table: 1 CALCULATION OF LOAD FOR ROOF LEVEL:
S1=0.5X(1.650X3.300)=2.722
Dead load
(KN)FROM
SLAB
INCLUDING
FINISH
(2KN/m2)@ 5
kn/m2
10.888
S2=0.5X(1.35+2.7)X0.675=1.367
5.468
2.7
2.051
1.013
S3=0.5X(0.4+3.1)X1.35=2.362
9.448
5.399
3.543
2.025
S4=0.5X(0.6+3.3)X1.35=2.632
10.528
5.399
3.948
2.025
S5=0.5X(1.650X3.300)=2.722
10.888
6.6
4.084
2.475
Area(m2)
Equivalent
dead load
from
Slab(KN/m)
Live load
on Slab@
1.5kKN/m
2
Equivalent
live load on
Slab(KN/m
2)
6.6
4.084
2.475
Dead load
of Beam
(KN/m)
BEAM
Total
load
(KN/m)
12.450
R3-R4
7.088
3.375
R2-R3
10.799
10.799
R1-R2
12.450
Table: 2 CALCULATION OF POINT LOAD FOR ROOF:

BEAM
R2-R3
R3-R4
POINT LOAD(KN)
18.72
9.784
17
Table: 2 CALCULATION OF DEAD LOAD FOR 3RD FLOOR:
S1=0.5X(1.650X3.300)=2.722
Dead load
(KN)FROM
SLAB
INCLUDING
FINISH
(1KN/m2)@ 5
KN/m2
10.89
S2=0.5X(1.35+2.7)X0.675=1.367
5.468
2.7
2.734
1.35
S3=0.5X(0.4+3.1)X1.35=2.362
9.448
5.399
4.724
2.699
S4=0.5X(0.6+3.3)X1.35=2.632
10.528
5.399
5.264
2.699
S5=0.5X(1.650X3.300)=2.722
10.89
6.6
5.444
3.299
Area(m2)
Equivalent
dead load
from
Slab(KN/m)
Live load
on Slab@
1.5kn/m2
Equivalent
live load on
slab(KN/m2
)
6.6
5.444
3.299
Dead load
of Beam
(KN/m)
Dead
load of
Wall
(KN/m)
BEAM
Total
Load
transferred
on Beam
(KN/m)
21.824
C3-C4
15.975
3.375
8.55
C2-C3
20.023
20.023
C1-C2
21.824
Table: 2 CALCULATION OF POINT LOAD FOR 3RD FLOOR:

BEAM
C2-C3
C3-C4
POINT LOAD(KN)
20.115
10.328
18
Table: 2 CALCULATION OF DEAD LOAD FOR 2ND FLOOR:
S1=0.5X(1.650X3.300)=2.722
Dead load
(KN)FROM
SLAB
INCLUDING
FINISH
(1KN/m2)@
KN/m2
10.89
S2=0.5X(1.35+2.7)X0.675=1.367
5.468
2.7
2.734
1.35
S3=0.5X(0.4+3.1)X1.35=2.362
9.448
5.399
4.724
2.699
S4=0.5X(0.6+3.3)X1.35=2.632
10.528
5.399
5.264
2.699
S5=0.5X(1.650X3.300)=2.722
10.89
6.6
5.444
3.299
Area(m2)
Equivalent
dead load
from
Slab(KN/m)
Live load
on Slab@
1.5kn/m2
Equivalent
live load on
slab(KN/m2
)
6.6
5.444
3.299
Dead load
of Beam
(KN/m)
Dead
load of
Wall
(KN/m)
BEAM
Total
Load
transferred
on Beam
(KN/m)
21.824
B3-B4
15.975
3.375
8.55
B2-B3
20.023
20.023
B1-B2
21.824
Table: 2 CALCULATION OF POINT LOAD FOR 2ND FLOOR:

BEAM
B2-B3
B3-B4
POINT LOAD(KN)
20.115
10.328
19
Table: 2 CALCULATION OF DEAD LOAD FOR 1ST FLOOR:
Area(m2)
S1=0.5X(1.650X3.300)=2.722
Dead load
(KN)FROM
SLAB
INCLUDING
FINISH
(1KN/m2)@ 5
KN/m2
10.89
Equivalent
dead load
from
Slab(KN/m)
Live load
on Slab@
1.5kn/m2
Equivalent
live load on
slab(KN/m2
)
6.6
5.444
3.299
Dead load
of Beam
(KN/m)
Dead
load of
Wall
(KN/m)
BEAM
Total
Load
transferred
on Beam
(KN/m)
21.824
A3-A4
S2=0.5X(1.35+2.7)X0.675=1.367
5.468
2.7
2.734
1.35
S3=0.5X(0.4+3.1)X1.35=2.362
9.448
5.399
4.724
2.699
S4=0.5X(0.6+3.3)X1.35=2.632
10.528
5.399
5.264
2.699
S5=0.5X(1.650X3.300)=2.722
10.89
6.6
5.444
15.975
3.375
8.55
A2-A3
20.023
20.023
A1-A2
3.299
21.824
Table: 2 CALCULATION OF POINT LOAD FOR 1ST FLOOR:

BEAM
A2-A3
A3-A4
POINT LOAD(KN)
20.115
10.328
20
TABLE: 9 CALCULATION OF DEAD LOAD OF GROUND FLOOR
On ground floor, the live load on slab will directly go to the ground and there will be no live load on the beam. Also only the self weight
of the beam and walls act on the beams. The weight due to slab and finish do not come.
BEAM
Dead load of beam (KN/m)
G1-G2
G2-G3
G3-G4
3.375
Load transferred on beam

(KN/m)
3.375
3.375
3.375
21
3.2 CALCULATIONS OF DISTRIBUTON FACTORS:

TABLES FOR DISTRIBUTION FACTORS:
3.2.1 DETERMINATION OF DISTRIBUTION FACTOR AT ROOF LEVEL:
JOINT
R1
R2
R3
R4
MEMBE
R
L(M)
B(M)
D(M)
I=BD3/1
2
R1-R2
R1-C1
R2-R1
3.3
3.3
3.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
R2-R3
R2-C2
3.1
3.3
0.3
0.3
0.45
0.45
0.002278
0.002278
R3-R2
R3-R4
R3-C3
R4-R3
R4-C4
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
K=I/L
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.00073
5
0.00069
0.00073
5
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
DF=K/
K
0.001381
0.001381
0.002116
0.50
0.50
0.33
0.002116
0.002116
0.35
0.33
0.002116
0.002116
0.002116
0.001381
0.001381
0.35
0.33
0.33
0.50
0.50
3.2.2 DETERMINATION OF DISTRIBUTION FACTOR AT 3RD FLOOR LEVEL:

JOINT
C1
MEMBE
R
L(M)
B(M)
D(M)
I=BD3/1
2
C1-R1
C1-C2
C1-B1
C2-C1
C2-B2
C2-R2
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
C3
C2-C3
C3-R3
C3-B3
3.1
3.3
3.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
C4
C3-C2
C3-C4
C4-R4
C4-B4
C4-C3
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
C2
DF=K/
K
K=I/L
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.00073
5
0.00069
0.00069
0.00073
5
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.002071
0.002071
0.002071
0.002806
0.002806
0.002806
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.002806
0.002806
0.002806
0.26
0.25
0.25
0.002806
0.002806
0.002071
0.002071
0.002071
0.26
0.25
0.33
0.33
0.33
22
3.2.3 DETERMINATION OF DISTRIBUTION FACTOR AT 2ND FLOOR LEVEL:

JOINT
B1
B2
B3
B4
MEMBE
R
L(M)
B(M)
D(M)
I=BD3/1
2
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
B1-C1
B1-B2
B1-A1
B2-B1
B2-C2
B2-A2
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
B2-B3
3.1
0.3
0.45 0.002278
B3-B2
B3-B4
B3-C3
B3-A3
B4-B3
B4-C4
B4-A4
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
K=I/L
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.00073
5
0.00073
5
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
DF=K/
K
0.002071
0.002071
0.002071
0.002806
0.002806
0.002806
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.002806
0.26
0.002806
0.002806
0.002806
0.002806
0.002071
0.002071
0.002071
0.26
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.33
0.33
0.33
3.2.4 DETERMINATION OF DISTRIBUTION FACTOR AT 1ST FLOOR LEVEL:

JOIN
T
MEMBE
R
A1
A1-B1
A1-G1
A1-A2
A2-B2
A2-A1
A2-A3
A2-G2
A3-B3
A3-A2
A3-A4
A3-G3
A4-A3
A4-G4
A4-B4
A2
A3
A4
L(M)
B(M)
D(M)
I=BD3/1
2
K=I/L
3.3
2.7
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.1
2.7
3.3
3.1
3.3
2.7
3.3
2.7
3.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.00069
0.000844
0.00069
0.00069
0.00069
0.000735
0.000844
0.00069
0.000735
0.00069
0.000844
0.00069
0.000844
0.00069
0.002224
0.002224
0.002224
0.002959
0.002959
0.002959
0.002959
0.002959
0.002959
0.002959
0.002959
0.002224
0.002224
0.002224
DF=K/
K
0.31
0.38
0.31
0.23
0.23
0.25
0.29
0.23
0.25
0.23
0.29
0.31
0.38
0.31
23
3.2.5 DETERMINATION OF DISTRIBUTION FACTOR AT GROUND FLOOR

LEVEL:
JOIN
T
MEMBE
R
G1
G1-A1
G1-F1
G1-G2
G2-G1
G2-A2
G2-F2
G2-G3
G3-G2
G3-G4
G3-A3
G3-F3
G4-A4
G4-F4
G4-G3
G2
G3
G4
L(M)
B(M)
D(M)
I=BD3/1
2
K=I/L
2.7
2.1
3.3
3.3
2.7
2.1
3.1
3.1
3.3
2.7
2.1
2.7
2.1
3.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.002278
0.000844
0.001085
0.00069
0.00069
0.000844
0.001085
0.000735
0.000735
0.00069
0.000844
0.001085
0.000844
0.001085
0.00069
K
0.002619
0.002619
0.002619
0.003354
0.003354
0.003354
0.003354
0.003354
0.003354
0.003354
0.003354
0.002619
0.002619
0.002619
DF=K/
K
0.32
0.41
0.26
0.21
0.25
0.32
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.25
0.32
0.32
0.41
0.26
24
3.3 CALCULATIONS OF FIXED END MOMENTS:

3.3.1 Calculation of FIXED END MOMENT at ROOF Level:
POINT LOAD(KN)
MEMBER
LENGTH(M)
FIXED END
MOMENTS (KNM)
UDL(KN/m)
1.4 m
from C2
R1-R2
3.3
19.874
R2-R3
3.1
10.799
R3-R4
3.3
16.163
2.7 m
from C4
18.72
9.784
FEML
FEMR
+18.036
-18.036
+16.529
-15.139
+18.598
-15.541
3.3.1 Calculation of FIXED END MOMENT at 3RD FLOOR Level:
POINT LOAD(KN)
MEMBER
LENGTH(M)
FIXED END
MOMENTS (KNM)
UDL(KN/m)
1.4 m
from C2
C1-C2
3.3
29.922
C2-C3
3.1
20.023
C3-C4
3.3
25.874
2.7 m
from C4
20.115
10.328
FEML
FEMR
+27.154
-27.154
+24.504
-23.009
+27.628
-24.402
3.3.2 Calculation of FIXED END MOMENT at 2ND FLOOR Level:
POINT LOAD(KN)
MEMBER
LENGTH(M)
FIXED END
MOMENTS (KNM)
UDL(KN/m)
1.4 m
from B2
B1-B2
3.3
29.922
B2-B3
3.1
20.023
B3-B4
3.3
25.874
2.7 m
from B4
20.115
10.328
FEML
FEMR
+27.154
-27.154
+24.504
-23.009
+27.628
-24.402
25
3.3.3 Calculation of FIXED END MOMENT at 1ST FLOOR Level:
POINT LOAD(KN)
MEMBER
LENGTH(M)
FIXED END
MOMENTS (KNM)
UDL(KN/m)
1.4 m
from A2
A1-A2
3.3
29.922
A2-A3
3.1
20.023
A3-A4
3.3
25.874
2.7 m
from A4
20.115
10.328
FEML
FEMR
+27.154
-27.154
+24.504
-23.009
+27.628
-24.402
3.3.4 Calculation of FIXED END MOMENT at GROUND Level:

Fixed end moments (KNm)
MEMBER
LENGTH(M)
UDL(KN/m)
G1-G2
3.3
3.375
FEML
+3.063
FEMR
-3.063
G2-G3
3.1
3.375
+2.703
-2.703
G3-G4
3.3
3.375
+3.063
-3.063
26
3.4MOMENT DISTRIBUTION TABLES:
3.4.1 Moment Distribution table for ROOF LEVEL:

DF
FEM
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
SUM
R1-R2
0.5
0.33
18.036 -18.036
-9.018
0.497
0.249
-4.509
-0.124
1.688
0.844
-0.062
-0.422
0.260
0.130
-0.211
-0.065
0.073
0.037
-0.033
-0.018
0.027
9.648 -20.305
R2-R3
0.35
0.35
16.529 -15.139
0.527
-1.211
-0.605
0.264
1.790
-1.452
-0.726
0.895
0.276
-0.023
-0.012
0.138
0.078
-0.096
-0.048
0.039
0.028
-0.015
17.837 -16.600
R3-R4
0.33
0.5
18.598 -15.541
-1.141
7.771
3.885
-0.571
-1.094
-1.657
-0.829
-0.547
-0.022
0.273
0.137
-0.011
-0.091
0.005
0.003
-0.045
-0.014
0.023
19.433 -10.300
3.4.2 Moment Distribution table for 3RD FLOOR LEVEL:

DF
FEM
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
SUM
C1-C2
0.33
0.25
27.154 -27.154
C2-C3
0.26
0.26
24.504 -23.009
C3-C4
0.25
0.33
27.628 -24.402
-8.961
0.663
0.331 -4.480
-0.109
1.270
0.635 -0.055
-0.210
0.156
0.078 -0.105
-0.026
0.029
0.015 -0.013
-0.005
0.008
18.903 -29.681
0.689 -1.201
-0.600
0.345
1.321 -1.136
-0.568
0.661
0.162 -0.024
-0.012
0.081
0.030 -0.040
-0.020
0.015
0.008 -0.004
25.514 -24.313
-1.155
8.053
4.026 -0.577
-0.862 -1.138
-0.569 -0.431
-0.023
0.142
0.071 -0.011
-0.038
0.004
0.002 -0.019
-0.004
0.006
29.076 -18.374
27
3.4.3 Moment Distribution table for 2ND FLOOR LEVEL:
DF
FEM
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
SUM
B1-B2
0.33
0.25
27.154 -27.154
B2-B3
0.26
0.26
24.504 -23.009
B3-B4
0.25
0.33
27.628 -24.402
-8.961
0.663
0.331 -4.480
-0.109
1.270
0.635 -0.055
-0.210
0.156
0.078 -0.105
-0.026
0.029
0.015 -0.013
-0.005
0.008
18.903 -29.681
0.689 -1.201
-0.600
0.345
1.321 -1.136
-0.568
0.661
0.162 -0.024
-0.012
0.081
0.030 -0.040
-0.020
0.015
0.008 -0.004
25.514 -24.313
-1.155
8.053
4.026 -0.577
-0.862 -1.138
-0.569 -0.431
-0.023
0.142
0.071 -0.011
-0.038
0.004
0.002 -0.019
-0.004
0.006
29.076 -18.374
3.4.4 Moment Distribution table for 1ST FLOOR LEVEL:
DF
FEM
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
SUM
A1-A2
0.31
0.23
27.154 -27.154
A2-A3
0.25
0.25
24.504 -23.009
A3-A4
0.23
0.31
27.628 -24.402
-8.418
0.610
0.305 -4.209
-0.094
1.101
0.550 -0.047
-0.171
0.129
0.065 -0.085
-0.020
0.022
0.011 -0.010
-0.003
0.006
19.379 -29.638
0.663 -1.155
-0.577
0.331
1.197 -1.028
-0.514
0.598
0.140 -0.024
-0.012
0.070
0.024 -0.032
-0.016
0.012
0.007 -0.003
25.415 -24.239
-1.062
7.565
3.782 -0.531
-0.748 -1.008
-0.504 -0.374
-0.022
0.116
0.058 -0.011
-0.029
0.003
0.002 -0.015
-0.003
0.005
29.102 -18.652
28
3.4.5 Moment Distribution table for GROUND FLOOR LEVEL:
DF
FEM
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
C.O.
DISTRB
SUM
G1-G2
0.26
0.21
3.063 -3.063
-0.796
0.076
0.038 -0.398
-0.010
0.092
0.046 -0.005
-0.012
0.011
0.006 -0.006
-0.001
0.001
0.001 -0.001
0.000
0.000
2.333 -3.292
G2-G3
0.22
0.22
2.703 -2.703
0.079 -0.079
-0.040
0.040
0.096 -0.096
-0.048
0.048
0.012
0.000
0.000
0.006
0.001 -0.002
-0.001
0.001
0.000
0.000
2.803 -2.787
G3-G4
0.21
0.26
3.063 -3.063
-0.076
0.796
0.398 -0.038
-0.076 -0.094
-0.047 -0.038
0.000
0.010
0.005
0.000
-0.002
0.000
0.000 -0.001
0.000
0.000
3.265 -2.427
29
3.5 FINAL END MOMENTS BY GRAVITY ANALYSIS:

3.5.1 Calculation of FINAL MOMENTS at ROOF Level:
SPA
N
R1R2
R2R3
R3R4
LENGTH(
m)
L
UDL(KN/
m)
W
MIDSPAN
SAGGING
MOMENT
CONSIDERING
SIMPLY
SUPPORTED, KNm
End hogging moments

as per moment
distribution,
FINAL MOMENTS, KNm
LEFT
RIGHT
MID MOMENT
=(WL2/8)+((ML+MR)/2))
LEFT
MID
RIGHT
KNm
3.3
19.874
-27.053
9.648
20.305
9.648
-12.077
20.305
3.1
10.799
-26.076
17.837
16.600
17.837
-8.858
16.600
3.3
16.163
-24.937
19.433
10.300
19.433
-10.070
10.300
3.5.2 Calculation of FINAL MOMENTS at 3RD FLOOR Level:
SPAN
C1-C2
C2-C3
C3-C4
LENGTH(m) UDL(KN/m)
L
W
3.3
3.1
3.3
29.922
20.023
25.874
MIDSPAN SAGGING MOMENT

CONSIDERING SIMPLY
SUPPORTED, KNm( = WL2/8)
-40.731
-38.134
-38.319
End hogging
moments as per
moment
distribution,
FINAL MOMENTS, KNm
KNm
MID MOMENT
=(WL2/8)+((ML+MR)/2))
LEFT
18.903
25.514
29.076
RIGHT
29.681
24.313
18.374
LEFT
18.903
25.514
29.076
MID
-16.439
-13.220
-14.594
RIGHT
29.681
24.313
18.374
30
3.5.3 Calculation of FINAL MOMENTS at 2ND FLOOR Level:
SPAN
B1-B2
B2-B3
B3-B4

LENGTH(m) UDL(KN/m)
CONSIDERING SIMPLY
L
W
3.3
3.1
3.3
29.922
20.023
25.874
End hogging
moments as per
moment
distribution,
FINAL MOMENTS, KNm
MID MOMENT
=(WL2/8)+((ML+MR)/2))
KNm
LEFT
RIGHT LEFT
MID
RIGHT
-40.731
18.903
29.681 18.903 -16.439 29.681
-38.134
25.514
24.313 25.514 -13.220 24.313
-38.319
29.076
18.374 29.076 -14.594 18.374
3.5.4 Calculation of FINAL MOMENTS at 1ST FLOOR Level:
SPAN
A1-A2
A2-A3
A3-A4

LENGTH(m) UDL(KN/m)
CONSIDERING SIMPLY
L
W
3.3
3.1
3.3
29.922
20.023
25.874
-40.731
-38.134
-38.319
End hogging
moments as per
moment
distribution,
FINAL MOMENTS, KNm
KNm
MID MOMENT
=(WL2/8)+((ML+MR)/2))
LEFT
19.379
25.415
29.102
RIGHT
29.638
24.239
18.652
LEFT
19.379
25.415
29.102
MID
RIGHT
-16.223 29.638
-13.307 24.239
-14.442 18.652
31
3.5.5 Calculation of FINAL MOMENTS at GROUND FLOOR Level:
SPAN
G1-G2
G2-G3
G3-G4

LENGTH(m) UDL(KN/m)
CONSIDERING SIMPLY
L
W
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.375
3.375
3.375
-4.594
-4.054
-4.594
End hogging
moments as per
moment
distribution,
KNm
LEFT
2.333
2.803
3.265
RIGHT
3.292
2.787
2.427
FINAL MOMENTS, KNm

MID MOMENT
=(WL2/8)+((ML+MR)/2))
LEFT
MID
RIGHT
2.333
-1.782
3.292
2.803
-1.259
2.787
3.265
-1.748
2.427
32
3.6 BEAM SHEAR FORCES:
BEAM
R1-R2
R2-R3
R3-R4
C1-C2
C2-C3
C3-C4
B1-B2
B2-B3
B3-B4
A1-A2
A2-A3
A3-A4
G1-G2
G2-G3
G3-G4
LENGTH
L (m)
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.3
UDL
(KN/m)
19.874
10.799
16.163
29.922
20.023
25.874
29.922
20.023
25.874
29.922
20.023
25.874
3.375
3.375
3.375
POINT
LOAD(KN)
18.72
9.784
20.115
10.328
20.115
10.328
20.115
10.328
S.F(KN)
LEFT
32.79
27.00
34.67
49.30
42.00
51.14
49.30
42.00
51.14
49.30
42.00
51.14
5.57
5.23
5.57
RIGHT
32.79
25.16
28.45
49.30
40.20
44.56
49.30
40.20
44.56
49.30
40.20
44.56
5.57
5.23
5.57
M1(KNm) M2(KNm)
9.648
17.837
19.433
18.903
25.514
29.076
18.903
25.514
29.076
19.379
25.415
29.102
2.245
3.677
3.447
20.305
16.600
10.300
29.681
24.313
18.374
29.681
24.313
18.374
29.638
24.239
18.652
3.516
3.662
2.355
V=(M1M2)/L
3.230
0.400
2.760
3.260
0.390
3.240
3.260
0.390
3.240
3.100
0.380
3.160
0.380
0.004
0.330
CORRECTED SHEAR
FORCE(KN)
LEFT
36.020
26.600
31.910
52.560
41.610
47.900
52.560
41.610
47.900
52.400
41.620
47.980
5.900
5.234
5.900
MID
3.17
0.85
-7.64
3.29
-9.29
-5.17
3.29
-9.29
-5.17
2.98
-9.53
-5.15
0.34
0
0.34
RIGHT
29.560
25.560
38.750
46.040
40.590
47.800
46.040
40.590
47.800
46.200
40.580
47.720
5.200
5.226
5.200
33
CHAPTER-4
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
34
4.1 Seismic Load diagram
35
4.1 INTRODUCTION
During an earthquake, ground motions occur in a random fashion, both horizontally and
vertically, in all directions radiating from the epicenter. The ground accelerations cause the
structure to vibrate and induce inertial forces on them. Hence, structures in such locations need
to be suitably designed and detailed to ensure stability, strength and serviceability with
acceptable levels of safety under seismic effects. Earthquake can cause damage not only on
account of shaking which results from them but also due to other chain effects like landslides,
floods, fire etc. it is therefore important to take necessary precautions in the design of structures
so that they are safe against such secondary effects also.
The project work being the design of a residential building in Guwahati, which lies in Zone V,
necessitates rigorous seismic analysis for proper subsequent designing and detailing. In this
regard, the various clauses of IS: 1893(Part 1) 2002 and IS: 13920 1993 are followed.
4.2 SEISMIC WEIGHT OF THE BUILDING:

4.2.1 Load calculation by lump mass model (W):
At roof level (W5):
1.
2.
3.
4.
Self weight of slab = (2.7/2+3.6/2)*(3.3+3.1+3.3)*5

= 152.775 KN
Self weight of primary beam = (1.375*4+1.8*4+9.7)*3.375
= 75.6 KN
Self weight of secondary beam = (2.7+1.35+1.8)*1.875
= 10.97 KN
Self weight of wall
= ((3.3-0.3)/2*(2.7/2*3+3.6/2*2) + (3.3-0.25)/2*2.7/2*1+3.6/2*1+ (3.3-0.45)/2*9.7)*3
= 87.58 KN
5. Self wt. of parapet wall = (2.7/2+3.6/2)*2*3
= 18.9 KN
6. Self weight of column = (3.3*0.5*4)*3.375
=22.275 KN
7. Imposed load
= 0.00 KN
W5 = 367.9875 KN
At 3rd floor level (W4):

1.
2.
3.
4.

= 152.775 KN
= 75.6 KN
= 10.97 KN
Self weight of wall
= ((3.3-0.3)*0.5*(2.7*0.5*3+3.6*0.5*2)+(3.3-0.25)*0.5*(2.7*0.5*1+3.6*0.5*1)+(3.30.45)*0.5*9.7+((2.7-0.3)*0.5*(2.7*0.5*3+3.6*0.5*2)+(2.70.25)*0.5*(2.7*0.5*1+3.6*0.5*1)+(2.7-0.45)*0.5*9.7))*3
= 162.16 KN
5. Self weight of column = (3.3*0.5*4)*3.375*2
=44.55 KN
6. Imposed load = (2.7/2+3.6/2)*(3.3+3.1+3.3)*(0.25*2)
=15.28 KN
W4= 474.11KN
36
At 2nd floor level (W3):

1.
2.
3.
4.

= 152.775 KN
Self weight of primary beam = ((1.375*4+1.8*4+9.7)*3.375
= 75.6 KN
= 10.97 KN
Self weight of wall
= ((3.3-0.3)*0.5*(2.7*0.5*3+3.6*0.5*2)+(3.3-0.25)*0.5*(2.7*0.5*1+3.6*0.5*1)+(3.30.45)*0.5*9.7+((2.7-0.3)*0.5*(2.7*0.5*3+3.6*0.5*2)+(2.70.25)*0.5*(2.7*0.5*1+3.6*0.5*1)+(2.7-0.45)*0.5*9.7))*3
= 162.16 KN
5. Self weight of column = (3.3*0.5*4)*3.375*2
=44.55 KN
6. Imposed load = (2.7/2+3.6/2)*(3.3+3.1+3.3)*(0.25*2)
=15.28 KN
W4= 474.11KN
At 1st floor level (W2):

1.
2.
3.
4.

= 152.775 KN
= 75.6 KN
= 10.97 KN
Self weight of wall
= ((3.3-0.3)*0.5*(2.7*0.5*3+3.6*0.5*2)+(3.3-0.25)*0.5*(2.7*0.5*1+3.6*0.5*1)+(3.30.45)*0.5*9.7+((2.7-0.3)*0.5*(2.7*0.5*3+3.6*0.5*2)+(2.70.25)*0.5*(2.7*0.5*1+3.6*0.5*1)+(2.7-0.45)*0.5*9.7))*3
= 162.16 KN
5. Self weight of column = ((3.3*0.5*4)+(2.7*0.5*4))*3.375
=40.50 KN
6. Imposed load = (2.7/2+3.6/2)*(3.3+3.1+3.3)*(0.25*2)
=15.28 KN
W4= 457.28KN
At plinth level (W1):

1) Self weight of primary beam = (1.375*4+1.8*4+9.7)*3.375
2) Self weight of columns = (2.1*0.5*4)*3.375
= 75.60KN
= 14.18 KN
W5 = 89.78 KN
Hence, Total weight W= W5+W4+W3+W2 + W1 = 1389.15 KN
37
4.3 Calculation of Base Shear (VB):

VB = Ah.W
Ah = Z.I.Sa/ 2Rg
Z = 0.36
I = 1.0
R = 5.0
(as per cl.7.5.3- IS: 1893-2002)

(as per cl.6.4.2- IS: 1893-2002)
(as per Table 2- IS: 1893-2002)
(as per Table 6- IS: 1893-2002)
(as per Table 7- IS: 1893-2002, for SMRF with ductile detailing)
Now, Height h = 3.3 + 3.3 + 3.3 + 2.7+2.1 = 14.2 m

Ta = 0.075 14.20.75 = 0.56
(as per cl. 7.6.1 IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002)
Hence, for medium soil, Sa/g = 2.5
(as per cl.6.4.5 IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002)
Ah = 0.36 1 2.5 / (2 5)
= 0.09
VB = 0.09 1389.15
= 125.02 KN
4.3.1 Distribution of base shear at each floor (Qi):

Qi = (Wihi2/ Wihi2) VB
Wihi2/Wihi
roof
3rd
floor
2nd
floor
1st
floor
PL
Wihi2
Wi
hi
hi2
367.98
8
14.7 216.09
79518.53
474.10
8
11.4 129.96
61615.08
474.10
8
8.1
65.61
31106.23
457.27
8
4.8
23.04
10535.69
89.775
2.1
4.41
395.9077
Wihi2=183171.4
Q=(Wihi2/Wihi2)V
B
0.434120816
54.28
0.336379306
42.06
0.169820301
21.23
0.057518171
0.002161406
7.19
0.27
=125.02 = VB
38
SEISMIC ANALYSIS
4.4 ANALYSIS BY CANTILEVER METHOD:
4.4.1 Calculation of distance of centroidal axis:
3.3
A
3.1
A
3.3
A
Fig. 4.1
X =
=
= 4.85 m
Fig. 4.2
39
Now, P1 =K x 4.85
P2 = Kx1.55
P3 = Kx1.55
P4 = Kx4.85
P1 = P4
P3 = P2
Equation 1
P2 = 0.319 P1
P3 = 0.319 P1
Plinth level:
Taking moment of all the forces @ the point

-50.69x13.65-39.28x10.35-19.83x7.05-6.72x3.75-0.25x1.05+P1x9.7+P2x6.4-P3x3.3 = 0
Using eqn. 1,
P1 = 118.21KN,
P2 = 37.71 KN,
P3 = 37.71 KN,
P4 = 118.21 KN
For ground floor:

-50.69x11.25-39.28x7.95-19.83x4.65-6.72x1.35+P1x9.7+P2x6.4-P3x3.3 = 0
Using eqn. 1,
P1 = 92.03KN,
P2 = 29.36 KN,
P3 = 29.36 KN,
P4 = 92.03 KN
For 1st floor:

-50.69x8.25-39.28x4.95-19.83x1.65+ P1x9.7+P2x6.4-P3x3.3 = 0
Using eqn. 1
P1 = 60.37 KN,
P2 = 19.25 KN,
P3 = 19.25 KN,
P4 = 60.37 KN
40
For 2nd floor:

-50.69x4.95-39.28x1.65+ P1x9.7+P2x6.4-P3x3.3 = 0
Using eqn 1
P1 = 29.54 KN,
P2 = 9.42 KN,
P3 = 9.42 KN,
P4 = 29.54 KN
P3 = 2.49KN,
P4 = 7.82 KN
For 3rd floor:

-50.69x1.65+ P1x9.7+P2x6.4-P3x3.3 = 0
Using eqn 1
P1 = 7.82 KN,
P2 = 2.49 KN,
4.4.2 CALCULATION OF BEAM SHEAR, BEAM MOMENT, COLUMN SHEAR

AND COLUMN MOMENT
4.4.2.1 Considering the joints J21 J22 J23 J24
Fig. 4.3
Calculation of shear forces in beams
J21- J22 = 7.82
J22 J23 = 10.31
J23 J24 = 7.82
Calculation of beam moments
M (J21-J22) = 7.82x3.3/2 = 12.903 KNm
M (J22- J23) = 10.31x3.1/2 = 15.98 KNm
M (J23-J24) = 7.82x3.3/2 = 12.903 KNm
41
Fig. 4.4
Calculation of column moments and column shear:
Joint J21:
M (J21- J17) + M(J21- J22) = 0
M (J21- J17) = - 12.903 KNm
Column shear = 12.903/(3.3/2) = 7.82 KN
Joint J22:
M (J22- J21) + M (J22- J23) + M (J22- J18) = 0
-2.903+15.98 = M (J22- J18)
M (J22- J18) = 28.883 KNm
Column shear = 28.883/ (3.3/2) = 17.50 KN
Joint J23:
M (J23- J19) = 28.883 KNm
Column shear = 28.883/ (3.3/2) = 17.50 KN
Joint J24:
M (J24- J20) = 12.903 KNm
Column shear = 12.903/ (3.3/2) = 7.82 KN
42
Fig. 4.5

Calculation of shear forces in beams:
Fig. 4.6
J17 J18 = 21.72 KN

J18 J19 = 28.65 KN
J19 J20 = 21.72 KN
Calculation of beam moments:
M (J17-J18) = 21.72x3.3/2 = 35.838 KNm
M (J18- J19) = 28.65x3.1/2 = 44.41 KNm
M (J19-J20) = 21.72x3.3/2 = 35.838 KNm
43
Fig. 4.7
Joint J17:
M (J17- J21) + M (J17- J18) + M (J17- J13) = 0
M (J17- J13) + (35.838- 12.903) = 0 KNm
M (J17- J13) = 22.935 KNm
Column shear = 22.935/(3.3/2) = 13.9 KN
Joint J18:
M (J18- J22) + M (J18- J19) + M (J18- J17) + M (J18-J14) = 0
M (J18-J14) = 51.36 KNm
Column shear = 51.36/ (3.3/2) = 31.12 KN
Joint J19:
M (J19- J23) + M (J19- J18) + M (J19- J20) + M (J19- J15) = 0
M (J19- J15) = 51.36 KN
Column shear = 51.36/ (3.3/2) = 31.12 KN
Joint J20:
M (J20- J24) + M (J20- J19) + M (J20- J16) = 0
M (J20- J16) = 22.935 KNm
Column shear = 22.935/(3.3/2) = 13.9 KN
44
Fig. 4.8
Fig. 4.9
J13 J14 = 30.83 KN

J14 J15 = 40.66 KN
J15 J16 = 30.83 KN
45

M (J13 J14) = 30.83x3.3/2 = 50.86 KNm
M (J14 J15) = 40.66x3.1/2 = 63.023 KNm
M (J15 J16) = 30.83x3.3/2 = 50.86 KNm
Fig. 4.10
Joint J13:
M (J13- J17) + M (J13- J14) + M (J13- J9) = 0
M (J13- J9) = 27.925 KNm
Column shear = 27.925/(3.3/2) = 16.93 KN
Joint J14:
M (J14- J18) + M (J14- J15) + M (J14- J13) + M (J14 - J10) = 0
M (J14 - J10) = 62.523 KNm
Column shear = 62.523/(3.3/2) = 37.89 KN
Joint J15:
M (J15- J19) + M (J15- J16) + M (J15- J14) + M (J15 - J11) = 0
M (J15 - J11) = 62.523 KNm
Column shear = 62.523/(3.3/2) = 37.89 KN
46
Joint J16:
M (J16- J20) + M (J16- J15) + M (J16- J12) = 0
M (J16- J12) = 27.925 KNm
Column shear = 27.925/(3.3/2) = 16.93 KN
Fig. 4.11

Fig. 4.12
J9 J10 = 31.66 KN
J10 J11 = 41.77 KN
J11 J12 = 31.66 KN
M (J9 J10) = 31.66 x3.3/2 = 52.239 KNm
M (J10 J11) = 41.77 x3.1/2 = 64.744 KNm
M (J11 J12) = 31.66 x3.3/2 = 52.239 KNm
47
Fig. 4.13
Joint J9:
M (J9- J13) + M (J9- J10) + M (J9- J5) = 0
M (J9- J5) = 24.314 KNm
Column shear = 24.314/ (2.7/2) = 18.01 KN
Joint J10:
M (J10- J14) + M (J10- J11) + M (J10- J9) + M (J10 J6) = 0
M (J10 J6) = 54.46 KNm
Column shear = 54.46/ (2.7/2) = 40.34 KN
Joint J11:
M (J11- J15) + M (J11- J10) + M (J11- J12) + M (J11 J7) = 0
M (J11 J7) = 54.46 KNm
Column shear = 54.46/ (2.7/2) = 40.34 KN
Joint J12:
M (J12- J16) + M (J12- J11) + M (J12- J8) = 0
M (J12- J8) = 24.314 KNm
Column shear = 24.314/ (2.7/2) = 18.01 KN
48
Fig. 4.14

Fig. 4.15
J5 J6 = 26.18 KN
J6 J7 = 34.53 KN
J7 J8 = 26.18 KN

M (J5 J6) = 26.18 x3.3/2 = 43.197 KNm
M (J6 J7) = 34.53 x3.1/2 = 53.52 KNm
M (J7 J8) = 26.18 x3.3/2 = 43.197 KNm
49
Fig. 4.16
Joint J5:
M (J5- J9) + M (J5- J6) + M (J5- J1) = 0
M (J5- J1) = 18.883 KNm
Column shear = 18.883/ (2.1/2) = 17.98 KN
Joint J6:
M (J6- J10) + M (J6- J5) + M (J6- J7) + M (J6 J2) = 0
M (J6 J2) = 42.257 KNm
Column shear = 42.257/ (2.1/2) = 40.24 KN
Joint J7:
M (J7- J12) + M (J7- J6) + M (J7- J8) + M (J7 J3) = 0
M (J7 J3) = 42.257 KNm
Column shear = 42.257/ (2.1/2) = 40.24 KN
Joint J8:
M (J8 J12) + M (J8- J7) + M (J8- J4) = 0
M (J8- J4) = 18.883 KNm
Column shear = 18.883/ (2.1/2) = 17.98 KN
50
Fig. 4.17
51
CHAPTER 5
DESIGN OF SLAB
52
5.1
Desig
n consideration:
Let, Span / effective depth

= 26x1.51
Where 1.51 is the modification factor as per cl. 23.2.1(c), IS 456:2000 (obtained for 25% tension
reinforcement)
3600/d = 26x1.51
d = 91.69 m
Nominal cover = 20 mm (mild exposure)
Diameter of the bar = 8 mm
Total depth = 91.69+20+8/2
= 115.69 < 120
Thus it is satisfactory.
Effective depth provided
d = 120- 20- 8/2 = 96 mm
lx = 3300 mm
ly = 3600 mm
Therefore, ly/lx = 3600/3300 = 1.09 < 2
So the slab is a two way slab
Determination of moments of slabs(Laterally restrained slabs):
According to IS 456: 2000, clause D-1.1 , the maximum B.M. per width in the slab are
given by,
Mx = xwlx2
My = ywly2
Where, lx and ly
= length of shorter and longer span respectively
x and y
= co-efficient
Mx and My
= moments on strips of unit width spanning lx and ly respectively
= total design load per unit area

53
5.2 Load diagram for Slab
54
5.3 Design Loads for Slab:

For roof slab:
W1 = 1.5x (0.120x25+1.5+1)
= 8.25KN/m2
For floor slab,
W2 = 1.5x (0.120x25+2+1)
= 9KN/m2
For ly/lx = 1.09 and two adjacent edges discontinuous
Short span co-efficient (x)
Negative moment at continuous edges = - 0.0524
Positive moment at the midspan = + 0.0395
Long span co-efficient (y)
Negative moment at the support = - 0.047
Positive moment at the midspan = + 0.035
5.4 Design moments for Slab:

Short span
Long span
Near support
Mroof = 0.0524x8.25x3.32
= -4.71KNm
midspan
Mroof =
0.0395x8.25x3.32
=+3.55KNm
Near support
Mroof =
--0.047x8.25 x3.32
= -4.22KNm
midspan
Mroof =
+0.035x8.25 x3.32
= +3.14KNm
Mfloor=
-0.0524x9x3.32
=-5.136KNm
Mfloor=
0.0395x9x3.32
= +3.87KNm
Mfloor=
-0.047x9x3.32
= -4.61KNm
Mfloor=
0.035x9x3.32
= 3.43KNm
55
Now,
R = Mu/bd2 = (Mx106)/(1000x962)
Ast = bd x fck / 2fy [1 - 1-4.598xR/fck]
Spacing = 1000 x Ab / Ast
For 8mm dia,
Ab = /4 x 82 = 50 mm2
5.5 Design of Slab:

Short span
Support
Midspan
Support
Midspan
0.511
0.39
0.46
0.341
106.14
125.73
92.53
Ast
ROOF
140.12
Spacing
451.08
397.66
540.39
356.83
Provide 8 @
280c/c
0.56
Provide 8 @
280c/c
0.42
Provide 8 @
280c/c
0.50
Provide 8 @
280c/c
0.37
Ast
154.04
114.52
137.01
100.57
Spacing
324.59
436.62
364.93
497.15
Provide 8 @
280c/c
Provide 8 @
280c/c
Provide 8 @
280c/c
Provide 8 @
280c/c
Reinforcement
provided
R
FLOOR
Long span
Reinforcement
provided
5.6 Check for spacing:

cl. 26.3.3 (b)
Spacing should be less than
a.
3xd =
3x96 = 288 mm
56
b.
300
mm
Therefore, spacing < 288 mm i.e. 280mm < 288mm
5.7 Check for thickness of slab:

Maximum B.M. = 5.136KNm
dreqd = (5.136x106)/(0.138x20x1000) = 43.14mm
Dreqd = 43.14+20+4 = 67.14 mm < 120 mm
Hence safe..
5.8 Cross section of the Slab
57
CHAPTER- 6
DESIGN MOMENTS AND

SHEAR FORCES
(For Beam)
58
6.1 DESIGN TABLES FOR BENDING MOMENTS
59
A. Load combination for B.M. of beams at ROOF level

MEMBER
Load combination
DL+LL
EL
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
1.2(DL+LL-EL)
Design moment
R1-R2
END
MID
9.648 -12.077
-12.903 0.000
14.472 -18.116
-3.906 -14.492
27.061 -14.492
27.943
-12.903 -19.505
END
20.305
12.903
30.458
39.850
8.882
36.744
R2-R3
END
MID
17.837 -8.858
-15.980 0.000
26.756 -13.287
2.228 -10.630
40.580 -10.630
34.038
-15.98 -2.696
END
16.600
15.980
24.900
39.096
0.744
31.134
-7.218
R3-R4
END
MID
19.433 -10.070
-12.903 0.000
29.150 -15.105
7.836 -12.084
38.803 -12.084
33.108
-12.903 -14.534
END
10.300
12.903
15.450
27.844
-3.124
27.409
-3.558
B. Load combination for B.M. of beams at 3RD FLOOR level

MEMBER
Load combination
DL+LL
EL
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
1.2(DL+LL-EL)
Design moment
C1-C2
END
MID
18.903 -16.439
-35.838 0.000
28.355 -24.659
-20.322 -19.727
65.689 -19.727
65.689
-35.838 -24.659
END
29.681
35.838
44.522
78.623
-7.388
78.623
-7.388
C2-C3
END
MID
END
25.514 -13.220 24.313
-44.400 0.000 44.400
38.271 -19.830 36.470
-22.663 -15.864 82.456
83.897 -15.864 -24.104
83.897
82.456
-44.4
-19.83 -24.104
END
29.076
-35.838
43.614
-8.114
77.897
77.897
-35.838
C3-C4
MID
-14.594
0.000
-21.891
-17.513
-17.513
-21.891
END
18.374
35.838
27.561
65.054
-20.957
65.054
-20.957
60
C. Load combination for B.M. of beams at 2ND FLOOR level

MEMBER
Load combination
DL+LL
EL
END
18.903
-50.869
B1-B2
MID
-16.439
0.000
END
29.681
50.869
END
25.514
-63.023
B2-B3
MID
-13.220
0.000
END
24.313
63.023
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
28.355
-38.359
-24.659
-19.727
44.522
96.660
38.271
-45.011
1.2(DL+LL-EL)
83.726
83.726
-50.869
-19.727
-25.426
96.66
-25.426
106.244
106.244
-63.023
Design moment
-24.659
END
29.076
-50.869
B3-B4
MID
-14.594
0.000
END
18.374
50.869
-19.830 36.470
-15.864 104.803
43.614
-26.152
-21.891
-17.513
27.561
83.092
-15.864
95.934
95.934
-50.869
-17.513
-38.994
83.092
-38.994
-19.83
-46.452
104.803
-46.452
-21.891
D. Load combination for B.M. of beams at 1ST FLOOR level

MEMBER
Load combination
DL+LL
EL
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
1.2(DL+LL-EL)
Design moment
END
19.379
-52.239
29.069
-39.432
85.942
85.942
-52.239
A1-A2
MID
-16.223
0.000
-24.335
-19.468
-19.468
-24.335
END
29.638
52.239
44.457
98.252
-27.121
98.252
-27.121
END
25.415
-64.743
38.123
-47.194
108.190
108.19
-64.743
A2-A3
MID
-13.307
0.000
-19.961
-15.968
-15.968
-19.961
END
24.239
64.743
36.359
106.778
-48.605
106.778
-48.605
END
29.102
-52.239
43.653
-27.764
97.609
97.609
-52.239
A3-A4
MID
-14.442
0.000
-21.663
-17.330
-17.330
-21.663
END
18.652
52.239
27.978
85.069
-40.304
85.069
-40.304
61
E. Load combination for B.M. of beams at GROUND FLOOR level
MEMBER
Load combination
DL+LL
EL
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
1.2(DL+LL-EL)
Design moment
END
2.245
-43.197
3.368
-49.142
54.530
G1-G2
MID
-1.714
0.000
-2.571
-2.057
-2.057
54.53
-49.142
-2.571
END
3.516
43.197
5.274
56.056
-47.617
END
3.677
-53.522
5.516
-59.814
68.639
56.056
68.639
-47.617
-59.814
G2-G3
MID
-0.385
0.000
-0.578
-0.462
-0.462
-0.578
END
3.662
53.522
5.493
68.621
-59.832
END
3.447
-43.197
5.171
-47.700
55.973
68.621
55.973
-59.832
-47.7
G3-G4
MID
-1.693
0.000
-2.540
-2.032
-2.032
END
2.355
43.197
3.533
54.662
-49.010
54.662
-2.54
-49.01
62
6.2 DESIGN TABLES FOR SHEAR FORCES
63
A. Load Combination for Shear Forces of beams at ROOF level:

R1-R2
R2-R3
R3-R4
Load
combination
END
MID
END
END
MID
END
END
MID
END
DL+LL
EL
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
36.02
7.82
54.03
52.608
3.17
7.82
4.755
13.188
29.56
7.82
44.34
44.856
26.6
10.31
39.9
44.292
0.85
10.31
1.275
13.392
25.56
10.31
38.34
43.044
31.91
7.82
47.865
47.676
7.64
7.82
11.46
18.552
38.75
7.82
58.125
55.884
Design shear
52.608
13.188
44.856
44.292
13.392
43.044
47.676
18.552
55.884
B. Load Combination for Shear Forces of beams at 3RD FLOOR level:

R1-R2
R2-R3
R3-R4
Load
combination
END
MID
END
END
MID
END
END
MID
END
DL+LL
EL
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
52.56
21.27
78.84
88.596
3.29
21.27
4.935
29.472
46.04
21.27
69.06
80.772
41.61
28.65
62.415
84.312
-9.29
28.65
-13.935
23.232
40.59
28.65
60.885
83.088
47.9
21.27
71.85
83.004
5.17
21.27
7.755
31.728
47.8
21.27
71.7
82.884
Design shear
88.596
29.472
80.772
84.312
23.232
83.088
83.004
31.728
82.884
C. Load Combination for Shear Forces of beams at 2ND FLOOR level:

R1-R2
Load
combination
END
DL+LL
EL
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
52.56
30.83
78.84
100.068
Design shear
100.068
MID
R2-R3
END
R3-R4
END
MID
END
END
MID
END
3.29
46.04
30.83
30.83
4.935
69.06
40.944 92.244
41.61
40.66
62.415
98.724
-9.29
40.66
-13.935
37.644
40.59
40.66
60.885
97.5
47.9
30.83
71.85
94.476
5.17
30.83
7.755
43.2
47.8
30.83
71.7
94.356
40.944 92.244
98.724
37.644
97.5
94.476
43.2
94.356
64
D. Load Combination for Shear Forces of beams at 1ST FLOOR level:

R1-R2
Load
combination
END
DL+LL
EL
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
52.4
31.66
78.6
100.872
Design shear
100.872
MID
R2-R3
END
R3-R4
END
MID
END
END
MID
END
2.98
46.2
31.66
31.66
4.47
69.3
41.568 93.432
41.62
41.77
62.43
100.068
-9.53
41.77
-14.295
38.688
40.58
41.77
60.87
98.82
47.98
31.66
71.97
95.568
5.15
31.66
7.725
44.172
47.72
31.66
71.58
95.256
41.568 93.432
100.068
38.688
98.82
95.568
44.172
95.256
E. Load Combination for Shear Forces of beams at GROUND FLOOR level:

R1-R2
R2-R3
Load
combination
END
MID
END
DL+LL
EL
1.5(DL+LL)
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
5.9
26.18
8.85
38.496
0.34
26.18
0.51
31.824
5.2
26.18
7.8
37.656
Design shear
38.496
31.824
37.656
END
MID
R3-R4
END
END
MID
END
5.234
0
5.226
34.53
34.53
34.53
7.851
0
7.839
47.7168 41.436 47.7072
5.9
26.18
8.85
38.496
0.34
26.18
0.51
31.824
5.2
26.18
7.8
37.656
47.7168 41.436 47.7072
38.496
31.824
37.656
65
CHAPTER- 7
DESIGN MOMENTS AND

AXIAL LOADS
(FOR COLUMNS AND
FOOTINGS)
66
7.1 CONSIDERATIONS
For getting worst condition of bending moment in columns, let us consider that, in each floor of
frame F, slab F1-F2 is assumed to be fully loaded and slab F2-F3 (each floor) is loaded only by the dead
load. Similarly, in frame 2, slab G2-F2 (each floor) is assumed to be fully loaded and slab F2-E2 (each
floor) is considered to be loaded only by the dead load.
7.2 FIXED END MOMENTS FOR COLUMN 1 (FRAME YY)
Fig. 7.1
FEM (R1R2) = +18.063 KNm
FEM (C1C2) = +27.154KNm
67
FEM (B1B2) = +27.154KNm

FEM (A1A2) = +27.154KNm
FEM (G1G2) = +3.063KNm
7.2 DESIGN MOMENTS FOR COLUMN 1
MEMBER
R1-C1
C1-B1
B1-A1
A1-G1
G1-F1
DL+LL
-9.030
-8.960
-8.960
-10.32
-1.250
EL
12.903
22.935
27.934
24.305
18.892
1.5(DL+LL)
-13.545
-13.440
-13.440
-15.480
-1.875
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
4.648
16.770
22.769
16.782
21.170
1.2(DL+LL-EL)
-26.320
-38.274
-44.273
-41.550
-24.170
-26.320
-38.274
-44.273
-41.550
-24.170
Load combination
Design moment
7.3 CALCULATION OF COLUMN AXIAL
AT ROOF LEVEL
Load on Column R1C1
= Half of Load carried by Beam (RY1RY2+ RY1Rz1+ Rx1RY1) + Self weight of Column
R1 C1
= 0.5 x (19.874x3.3+13.801x2.7+15.451x3.6) + 3.375 x 3.3
= 90.372 KN
AT 3RD FLOOR LEVEL
Load on Column C1B1
= Half of Load carried by Beam (CY1CY2+ CY1CZ1+CX1CY1) + Self weight of Column
C1B1+
= 0.5x (20.027x2.7+21.827x3.6+29.922x3.3) + 3.375x3.3+90.372
= 217.206 KN
68
AT 2ND FLOOR LEVEL

Load on Column B1A1
= Half of Load carried by Beam (BY1BY2+ BY1BZ1+BX1BY1) + Self weight of Column
B1A1+217.206
= 0.5x (20.027x2.7+21.827x3.6+29.922x3.3) + 3.375x3.3+217.206
= 348.258 KN
AT 1ST FLOOR LEVEL
Load on Column A1G1
= Half of Load carried by Beam (AY1AY2+ AY1AZ1+AX1AY1) + Self weight of Column
A1G1+348.258
= 0.5x (20.027x2.7+21.827x3.6+29.922x3.3) + 3.375x2.7+348.258
= 468.848 KN
AT GROUND FLOOR LEVEL
Load on Column G1F1
= Half of Load carried by Beam (GY1GY2+ GY1GZ1+GX1GY1) + Self weight of Column G1F1
= 0.5x (3.375x3.3+3.375x2.7+3.375x3.6) +3.375x2.1+468.848
= 492.136 KN
7.4 DESIGN AXIAL FORCES FOR COLUMN 1
MEMBER
R1-C1
C1-B1
B1-A1
A1-G1
G1-F1
DL+LL
90.372
217.206
348.258
468.848
492.136
EL
7.820
29.540
60.370
92.030
118.21
1.5(DL+LL)
135.558
325.809
522.387
703.272
738.204
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
117.830
296.095
490.354
673.054
732.415
1.2(DL+LL-EL)
99.062
225.199
345.466
452.182
448.711
135.558
325.809
522.387
703.272
738.204
Load combination
DESIGN AXIAL
FORCE
69
Fig. 7.2
70
Fig. 7.3
FEM (R1R2) = -18.063 KNm
FEM (R2R3) = +16.529 KNm
FEM (C1C2) = -27.154KNm
FEM (C2C3) = +24.504KNm
FEM (B1B2) = -27.154 KNm
FEM (B2B3) = +24.504 KNm
71
FEM (A1A2) = -27.154 KNm

FEM (A2A3) = +24.504 KNm
FEM (G1G2) = -3.063KNm
FEM (G2G3) = +2.703 KNm
MEMBER
R2-C2
C2-B2
B2-A2
A2-G2
G2-F2
DL+LL
0.660
0.660
0.660
0.768
0.115
EL
28.883
51.355
62.537
54.445
42.274
1.5(DL+LL)
0.990
0.990
0.990
1.152
0.173
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
35.452
62.418
75.836
66.256
50.867
1.2(DL+LL-EL)
-33.868
-60.834
-74.252
-64.412
-50.591
35.452
62.418
75.836
66.256
50.867
Load combination
Design moment

AT ROOF LEVEL
Load on Column R2C2
= Half of Load carried by Beam (RY1RY2+ RY2Rz2+ Rx2Ry2 +RY2RY3) + Self weight of
Column R2C2+ Load due to Secondary Beam (PR1)
= 0.5 x (19.874 x 3.3+10.799 x 3.1 + 18.227 x 2.7+ 16.301 x 3.6) + 10.225+3.375 x3.3
= 124.872 KN
AT 3RD FLOOR LEVEL
Load on Column C2B2
= Half of Load carried by Beam (CY1CY2+ CY2CZ2+CX2CY2+CY2CY3) + Self weight of
Column C2B2+ Load due to Secondary Beam (PC1)+124.872
= 0.5x (20.023x3.1+29.922x3.3+28.129x2.7+17.477x3.6)+11.031+3.375x3.3+124.872
= 296.88 KN
72
AT 2ND FLOOR LEVEL

Load on Column B2A2
= Half of Load carried by Beam (BY1BY2+ BY2BZ2+BX2BY2+BY2BY3) + Self weight of
Column B2A2+ Load due to Secondary Beam (PB1)+296.88
= 0.5x (20.023x3.1+29.922x3.3+28.129x2.7+17.477x3.6) +11.031+3.375x3.3+296.88
= 473.101 KN
AT 1ST FLOOR LEVEL
Load on Column A2G2
= Half of Load carried by Beam (AY1AY2+ AY2AZ2+AX2AY2+AY2AY3) + Self weight of
Column A2G2+ Load due to Secondary Beam (PA1)+473.101
= 0.5x (20.023x3.1+29.922x3.3+28.129x2.7+17.477x3.6) +11.031+3.375x2.7+473.101
= 638.872 KN
Load on Column G2F2
= Half of Load carried by Beam (GY1GY2+ GY2GZ2+GX2GY2+GY2GY3) + Self weight of
Column G2F2 +638.872
= 0.5x (3.375x3.1+3.375x3.3+3.375x2.7+3.375x3.6) + 3.375x2.1+638.872
= 667.513 KN
MEMBER
R2-C2
C2-B2
B2-A2
A2-G2
G2-F2
DL+LL
124.872
296.88
473.101
638.872
667.513
EL
1.5(DL+LL)
2.490
187.308
9.420
445.320
19.250
709.652
29.360
958.308
37.710
1001.270
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
152.834
367.560
590.821
801.878
846.268
1.2(DL+LL-EL)
146.858
344.952
544.621
731.414
755.764
DESIGN AXIAL FORCE
187.308
445.320
709.652
958.308
1001.270
Load combination
73
Fig. 7.4
74
Fig. 7.5
FEM (R2R3) = -15.139 KNm

FEM (R3R4) = +18.598 KNm
FEM (C3C4) = +27.628 KNm
75
FEM (C2C3) = -23.009 KNm

FEM (B3B4) = +27.628 KNm
FEM (B2B3) = -23.009 KNm
FEM (A3A4) = +27.628 KNm
FEM (A2A3) = -23.009 KNm
FEM (G3G4) = +3.063KNm
FEM (G2G3) = -2.703 KNm

MEMBER
R3-C3
C3-B3
B3-A3
A3-G3
G3-F3
DL+LL
-1.150
-1.150
-1.150
-1.34
-0.115
EL
28.883
51.355
62.537
54.445
42.274
1.5(DL+LL)
-1.725
-1.725
-1.725
-2.010
-0.173
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
33.280
60.246
73.664
63.726
50.591
1.2(DL+LL-EL)
-36.040
-63.006
-76.424
-66.942
-50.867
-36.040
-63.006
-76.424
-66.942
-50.867
Load combination
Design moment

AT ROOF LEVEL
Load on Column R3C3
= Half of Load carried by Beam (RY2RY3+ RY3Rz3+ Rx3Ry3 +RY3RY4) + Self weight of
Column R3C3+ Load due to Secondary Beam(PR1)+ Load due to Secondary Beam(PR2)
= 0.5 x (16.163 x 3.3 + 10.799 x3.1 + 16.301 x 3.6 +12.451 x 2.7) + 8.465 + 8.005 +
3.375 x 3.3
= 117.166 KN
76
AT 3RD FLOOR LEVEL

Load on Column C3B3
= Half of Load carried by Beam (CY2CY3+ CY3CZ3+CX3CY3+CY3CY4) + Self weight of
Column C3B3+ Load due to Secondary Beam(PC1)+ Load due to Secondary
Beam(PC2)+117.166
= 0.5(25.874x3.3+20.023x3.1+13.277x2.7+17.477x3.6)+9.084+8.45+3.375x3.3+117.166
= 268.938 KN
AT 2ND FLOOR LEVEL
Load on Column B3A3
= Half of Load carried by Beam (BY2BY3+ BY3BZ3+BX3BY3+BY3BY4) + Self weight of
Column B3A3+ Load due to Secondary Beam(PB1)+ Load due to Secondary
Beam(PB2)+268.938
= 0.5(25.874x3.3+20.023x3.1+13.277x2.7+17.477x3.6)+9.084+8.45+3.375x3.3+268.938
= 420.711 KN
AT 1ST FLOOR LEVEL
Load on Column A3G3
= Half of Load carried by Beam (AY2AY3+ AY3AZ3+AX3AY3+AY3AY4) + Self weight of
Column A3G3+ Load due to Secondary Beam(PA1)+ Load due to Secondary
Beam(PA2)+420.711
= 0.5(25.874x3.3+20.023x3.1+13.277x2.7+17.477x3.6)+9.084+8.45+3.375x2.7+420.711
= 570.458 KN
Load on Column G3F3
= Half of Load carried by Beam (GY2GY3+ GY3GZ3+GX3GY3+GY3GY4) + Self weight of
Column G3F3+570.458
= 0.5(3.375x3.3+3.375x3.1+3.375x2.7+3.375x3.6) +2.1x3.375+570.458
= 598.976 KN
77

MEMBER
R3-C3
C3-B3
B3-A3
A3-G3
G3-F3
117.166
268.938
420.711
570.458
598.976
-2.490
-9.420
-19.250
-29.360
-37.71
1.5(DL+LL)
175.749
403.407
631.067
855.687
898.464
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
137.611
311.422
481.753
649.318
673.519
1.2(DL+LL-EL)
143.587
334.030
527.953
719.782
764.023
175.749
403.407
631.067
855.687
898.464
Load combination
DL+LL
EL
DESIGN AXIAL FORCE
Fig. 7.6
78
Fig. 7.7
FEM (R3R4) = -15.541 KNm
FEM (C3C4) = -24.402 KNm
FEM (B3B4) = -24.402 KNm
FEM (A3A4) = -24.402 KNm
FEM (G3G4) = -3.063 KNm
79

MEMBER
R4-C4
C4-B4
B4-A4
A4-G4
G4-F4
DL+LL
8.050
8.050
8.050
8.78
1.250
EL
12.903
22.935
27.934
24.305
18.892
1.5(DL+LL)
12.075
12.075
12.075
13.170
1.875
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
25.144
37.182
43.181
39.702
24.170
1.2(DL+LL-EL)
-5.824
-17.862
-23.861
-18.630
-21.170
25.144
37.182
43.181
39.702
24.170
Load combination
Design moment
AT ROOF LEVEL
Load on Column R4C4
= Half of Load carried by Beam (RY1RY2+ RY1Rz1+ Rx1Ry1) + Self weight of Column
R1C1+ Load due to Secondary Beam (PR2)
= 0.5 x (16.163 x 3.3 +15.451 x3.6 + 10.09 x 2.7) +3.375 x 3.3 + 5.249 + 1.779
= 86.268 KN
AT 3RD FLOOR LEVEL
Load on Column C4B4
= Half of Load carried by Beam (CY1CY2+ CY1CZ1+CX1CY1) + Self weight of Column
C4B4+ Load due to Secondary Beam (PC2)+86.268
= 0.5 x (15.978x2.7+21.827x3.6+25.874x3.3) +5.366+1.878+3.375x3.3+86.268
= 208.2 KN
AT 2ND FLOOR LEVEL
Load on Column B4A4
= Half of Load carried by Beam (BY1BY2+ BY1BZ1+BX1BY1) + Self weight of Column
B4A4+ Load due to Secondary Beam (PB2)+208.2
80
= 0.5 x (15.978x2.7+21.827x3.6+25.874x3.3) +5.366+1.878+3.375x3.3+208.2

= 334.345 KN
AT 1ST FLOOR LEVEL
Load on Column A4G4
= Half of Load carried by Beam (AY1AY2+ AY1AZ1+AX1AY1) + Self weight of Column
A4G4+ Load due to Secondary Beam (PA2)+334.345
= 0.5 x (15.978x2.7+21.827x3.6+25.874x3.3) +5.366+1.878+3.375x2.7+334.345
= 450.04 KN
Load on Column G4F4
= Half of Load carried by Beam (GY1GY2+ GY1GZ1+GX1GY1) + Self weight of Column
G4F4++450.04
= 0.5 x (3.375x3.6+3.375x2.7+3.375x3.3) +2.1x3.375+450.04
= 473.328 KN

MEMBER
R4-C4
C4-B4
B4-A4
A4-G4
G4-F4
DL+LL
86.268
208.2
334.345
450.04
473.328
EL
-7.820
-29.540
-60.370
-92.030
-118.21
1.5(DL+LL)
129.402
312.300
501.518
675.060
709.992
1.2(DL+LL+EL)
94.138
214.392
328.770
429.612
426.142
1.2(DL+LL-EL)
112.906
285.288
473.658
650.484
709.846
129.402
312.300
501.518
675.060
709.992
Load combination
DESIGN AXIAL
FORCE
81
Fig. 7.8
82
CHAPTER- 8
DESIGN OF BEAM
83
8.1 DESIGN FOR BENDING MOMENT
84
8.1.1 Design of Beam at Roof level

R1-R2
R2-R3
R3-R4
END
MID
END
END
MID
END
END
MID
END
39.85
40.58
39.096
38.803
27.844
27.061
DESIGN MOMENT
-12.903 -18.116
-15.98 -13.287
-12.903
-15.105
-3.124
0.531
0
0.783
0.797
0
0.768
0.762
0
0.547
Mu/bd2
-0.253
-0.356
0
-0.314
-0.261
0
-0.253
-0.297
-0.061
Pt
0.158
0.233
0.233
0.233
0.233
0.158
Ast
195.288
0 287.988 287.988
0 287.988 287.988
0 195.288
Pt
0.085
0.114
0.099
0.085
0.085
0.085
0.085
Ast
105.06 140.904
0 122.364 105.06
0
105.06
105.06 105.06
NO OF BARS AT TOP
2 nos 16 bars (402 )throughout the length
NO OF BARS AT
BOTTOM
2 nos 16 bars (402) throughout the length
8.1.2 Design of Beam at 3rd FLOOR level
DESIGN MOMENT
Mu/bd2
Pt
Ast
Pt
Ast
no of bars at top
no of bars at top
no of bars at bottom
END
65.689
-35.838
1.303
-0.711
0.392
482.16
0.218
268.14
C1-C2
MID
C2-C3
C3-C4
END
END
MID
END
END
MID
END
78.623 83.897
82.456 77.897
65.054
-24.659
-7.388
-44.4 -19.83 -24.104 -35.838 -21.891 -20.957
0.000
1.559
1.664
0.000
1.635
1.545
0.000
1.290
-0.489
-0.147 -0.880 -0.393
-0.478 -0.711 -0.434 -0.416
0.494
0.53
0.512
0.477
0.392
0 607.62
651.9
0
629.76 586.71
0 482.16
0.143
0.085
0.264
0.114
0.143
0.218
0.128
0.128
175.89 104.55 324.72 140.22
175.89 268.14 157.44 157.44
2 nos 20 bars (628 mm2) throughout the length
1 nos 20 bar (314)
85
8.1.2 Design of Beam at 2ND FLOOR level
DESIGN MOMENT
Mu/bd2
Pt
Ast
Pt
Ast
no of bars at top
no of bars at top
B1-B2
B2-B3
B3-B4
END
MID
END
END
MID
END
END
MID
END
96.66 106.244
104.803 95.934
83.092
83.726
-50.869 -24.659 -25.426 -63.023 -19.83 -46.452 -50.869 -21.891 -38.994
1.660
0.000
1.917
2.107 0.000
2.078
1.902
0.000
1.648
-1.009
-0.489
-0.504
-1.250 -0.393
-0.921 -1.009 -0.434 -0.773
0.53
0.621
0.685
0.67
0.602
0.53
651.9
0
763.83 842.55
0
824.1 740.46
0
651.9
0.327
0.143
0.143
0.376 0.114
0.28
0.295
0.128
0.233
402.21
175.89
175.89 462.48 140.22
344.4 362.85 157.44 286.59
1 nos 20 bar (314) curtailing
8.1.2 Design of Beam at 1ST FLOOR level
DESIGN MOMENT
Mu/bd2
Pt
Ast
Pt
Ast
no of bars at top
no of bars at top
END
85.942
-52.239
1.704
-1.036
0.53
651.9
0.311
382.53
A1-A2
MID
-24.335
0.000
-0.483
0
0.143
175.89
A2-A3
MID
END
END
END
END
98.252
108.19
106.778
97.609
-27.121 -64.743 -19.961 -48.605 -52.239
1.948
2.145
0.000
2.117
1.936
-0.538
-1.284
-0.396
-0.964
-1.036
0.621
0.701
0.685
0.621
763.83
862.23
0
842.55
763.83
0.158
0.392
0.114
0.295
0.311
194.34
482.16
140.22
362.85
382.53
1 nos 20 bar (314) curtailing
A3-A4
MID
-21.663
0.000
-0.430
0
0.128
157.44
END
85.069
-40.304
1.687
-0.799
0.53
651.9
0.233
286.59
86
8.1.3 Design of Beam at Ground FLOOR level
DESIGN MOMENT
Mu/bd2
Pt
Ast
Pt
Ast
no of bars at top
G1-G2
G2-G3
G3-G4
END
MID
END
END
MID
END
END
MID
END
54.53
56.056 68.639
68.621 55.973
54.662
-49.142 -2.571
-47.617 -59.814 -0.578 -59.832
-47.7
-2.54
-49.01
1.081
0.000
1.112
1.361 0.000
1.361
1.110 0.000
1.084
-0.974 -0.051
-0.944
-1.186 -0.011
-1.186
-0.946 -0.050
-0.972
0.327
0.343
0.426
0.426
0.343
0.327
404.172
0 423.948 526.536
0 526.536 423.948
0 404.172
0.295
0.085
0.28
0.359 0.085
0.359
0.28 0.085
0.295
362.85 104.55
344.4 441.57 104.55 441.57
344.4 104.55 362.85
87
8.2 DESIGN FOR SHEAR FORCE
88
8.2.1
Minimum shear reinforcement, Asv/bSv = 0.4/.87fy
(as per cl.26.5.1.6 of IS 456:2000)
Maximum spacing smaller of, (i) 300mm
(as per cl.26.5.1.5 of IS 456:2000)
(ii) 0.75d = 346.5 mm
(as per cl.26.5.1.5 of IS 456:2000)
(iii) Sv = 0.87x250x56/(250x0.4) = 121.8 (6)

Or, Sv = 0.87x250x100/(250x0.4) = 217.5 (8)
8.2.2 Design of Beam at Roof level

END
Design shear
v=Vu/bd
Ast
pt
c
Spacing
R1-R2
MID
END
END
44.292
R2-R3
MID
13.392
END
43.044
END
52.608
13.188
44.856
47.676
0.390
804
0.7
0.55
0.098
804
0.7
0.55
0.332
0.328
0.099
0.319
0.353
804
804
804
804
804
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
0.55
c>v , minimum shear reinforcement is required
2 legged 6 bars @ 120 mm c/c
R3-R4
MID
END
18.552
55.884
0.137
804
0.7
0.55
0.414
804
0.7
0.55
89
8.2.3 Design of Beam at 3rd Floor level

END
Design shear
v=Vu/bd
Ast
pt
c
C1-C2
MID
END
END
23.232
END
83.088
END
88.596
29.472
80.772
0.656
1030
0.763
0.676
0.218
1030
0.763
0.676
0.598
0.625
0.172
0.615
0.615
1030
1344
1344
1344
1030
0.763
0.996
0.996
0.996
0.763
0.676
0.62
0.62
0.62
0.676
Sv provided
84.312
C2-C3
MID
83.004
C3-C4
MID
END
31.728
82.884
0.235
1030
0.763
0.676
0.614
1030
0.763
0.676
END
8.2.4 Design of Beam at 2nd Floor level

END
B1-B2
MID
END
END
Design shear
100.068
40.944
92.244
98.724
v=Vu/bd
Ast
pt
c
0.741
1570
1.163
0.653
0.303
1570
1.163
0.653
0.683
1570
1.163
0.653
0.731
1570
1.163
0.653
Vus/d=(v-c)b
Sv
maximum Sv
Sv provided
0.265
80
0.091
200
0.235
90
B2-B3
MID
END
END
B3-B4
MID
37.644
97.5
94.476
43.2
94.356
0.279
1570
1.163
0.653
0.722
1570
1.163
0.653
0.700
1570
1.163
0.653
0.320
1570
1.163
0.653
0.699
1570
1.163
0.653
0.208
100
0.140
150
0.138
150
80
2 legged 8 bars at 80mm c/c
90
8.2.5 Design of Beam at 1st Floor level

END
A1-A2
MID
END
END
A2-A3
MID
END
END
A3-A4
MID
END
Design shear
100.872
41.568
93.432
100.068
38.688
98.82
95.568
44.172
95.256
v=Vu/bd
Ast
pt
c
Vus/d=(vc)b
Sv
maximum Sv
Sv provided
0.747
1570
1.163
0.653
0.308
1570
1.163
0.653
0.692
1570
1.163
0.653
0.741
1570
1.163
0.653
0.287
1570
1.163
0.653
0.732
1570
1.163
0.653
0.708
1570
1.163
0.653
0.327
1570
1.163
0.653
0.706
1570
1.163
0.653
0.117
180
0.265
80
0.237
90
0.165
130
0.283
70
0.158
130
70
2 legged 8 bars at 70 mm c/c
8.2.6 Design of Beam at Ground Floor level

END
G1-G2
MID
END
Design shear
38.496
31.824
37.656
v=Vu/bd
Ast
pt
c
0.285
1256
0.930
0.606
0.236
1256
0.930
0.606
spacing
END
G2-G3
MID
END
G3-G4
MID
END
END
47.7168
41.436
47.7072
38.496
31.824
37.656
0.279
0.353
0.307
0.353
0.285
1256
1256
1256
1256
1256
0.930
0.930
0.930
0.930
0.930
0.606
0.606
0.606
0.606
0.606
0.236
1256
0.930
0.606
0.279
1256
0.930
0.606
91
8.3 DETAILING OF BEAM
92
Fig 8.1
Beam development length
Fig 8.2
Shear Reinforcement in Beams
93
Fig 8.3
Curtailment of Main reinforcement
Fig 8.4
94
Fig 8.5
Detailing of Beam in second floor
95
CHAPTER-9
DESIGN OF COLUMN
96
9.1 COLUMN 1
9.1.1 Considerations:
Here,
b = 300 mm
D = 450 mm
d = 40+20/2 = 50 mm
... d//D= 50/450 = 0.111
Design
Column moment(Mu)
Design
axial
force (Pu)
Pu/(fckbD)
Mu/(fckbD2)
P/fck
P
provided
Ast
R1-C1
26.320
135.558
0.022
0.050
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
C1-B1
38.274
325.809
0.032
0.120
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
B1-A1
44.273
522.387
0.036
0.193
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
A1-G1
41.550
703.272
0.034
0.260
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
R1-C1
4 nos 20 bars (1256) at each corner
C1-B1
B1-A1
A1-G1
9.1.2 Lateral ties (As per Cl.26.5.3.2(c) of IS: 456-2000)

Diameter (mm)
Pitch (mm)
should not be less than
should not be more than
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
R1-C1
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
C1-B1
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
B1-A1
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
A1-G1
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
Column
Lateral
provided
ties
97
9.2 COLUMN 2:
Here,
b = 300 mm
D = 450 mm
d = 40+20/2 = 50 mm
... d//D= 50/450 = 0.111
Column
Design
moment(Mu)
Design
axial
force (Pu)
R2-C2
35.452
187.308
0.03
0.07
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
C2-B2
62.418
445.320
0.05
0.16
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
B2-A2
75.836
709.652
0.06
0.26
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
A2-G2
66.256
958.308
0.05
0.35
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
Mu/(fckbD2)
Pu/(fckbD)
P/fck
P
provided
Ast
R2-C2
C2-B2
B2-A2
A2-G2
Column
Diameter (mm)
Pitch (mm)
Lateral ties
provided
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
R2-C2
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
C2-B2
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
B2-A2
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
A2-G2
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
98
9.3 COLUMN 3:
Here,
b = 300 mm
D = 450 mm
d = 40+20/2 = 50 mm
... d//D= 50/450 = 0.111
Column
Design
moment(Mu)
Design
axial
force (Pu)
R3-C3
36.040
175.749
0.03
0.06
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
C3-B3
63.006
403.407
0.05
0.15
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
B3-A3
76.424
631.067
0.06
0.23
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
A3-G3
50.867
855.687
0.04
0.32
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
Mu/(fckbD2)
Pu/(fckbD)
P/fck
P
provided
Ast
R3-C3
4 nos. 20 bars (1256) at each corner
C3-B3
B3-A3
A3-G3
Column
Diameter (mm)
Pitch (mm)
Lateral ties
provided
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
R2-C2
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
C2-B2
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
B2-A2
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
A2-G2
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
99
9.4 COLUMN 4:
Here,
b = 300 mm
D = 450 mm
d = 40+20/2 = 50 mm
... d//D= 50/450 = 0.111
Column
design
moment(Mu)
design
axial
force (Pu)
Pu/(fckbD)
P/fck
P
provided
Ast
Mu/(fckbD2)
R4-C4
25.144
129.402
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
C4-B4
37.182
312.300
0.03
0.11
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
B4-A4
43.181
501.518
0.04
0.18
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
A4-G4
39.702
675.060
0.03
0.25
0.01
0.2
0.8
1080
R4-C4
C4-B4
B4-A4
4 nos.20 bars (1256) at each corner
A4-G4
Column
Diameter (mm)
Pitch (mm)
Lateral ties
provided
(i)
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
R2-C2
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
C2-B2
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
B2-A2
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
A2-G2
300
320
300
6 bar 2L 300mm
100
DETAILING OF COLUMN
101
Fig. 9.1
102
CHAPTER 10
FOOTING DESIGN
103
10.1 FOOTING DESIGN FOR THE COLUMN R1-F1

Axial load on the column to the footing = 738.204 KN
Moment at the base of the column = 24.17 KNm
SBC of the soil = 150 KN/m2
10.1.1 GEOTECHNICAL CONSIDERATION
Now,
P = 492 KN
M = 16.11 KNm
Axial Load on the column = 492
Add 10% for self weight = 49.2
Total load on footing
Area required
= 541.2 KN
= 3.608 m2
Add 10% for moment= .3608m2

Total area required
= 3.9 m2
L/B = 450/300 = 1.5

L = 1.5 B
1.5 B2 = 3.9 m2
B = 1.59 m
L = 2.4 m
Provide footing size 2.9 m x 1.9 m
Pmax = P/A + M/Z
= 541.2/(2.9x 1.9)+ (16.11 x 6)/(1.9 x 2.92)
= 98.3 KN/m2 <150 KN/m2
(hence safe)
P min = P/A - M/Z

= 541.66/(2.9x 1.9) - (16.11 x 6)/(1.9 x 2.92) = 80.21KN/m2
104
10.1.2 STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATION

1. CHECK FOR BENDING
a) Longer direction
Fig. 10.1
x = 7.64 KN/m2
y = 90.66 KN/m2
BM at the face of the column, M
= 90.66x1.225 x1.9x1.225 x .5 + .5 x7.64 x1.225 x1.9 x 2/3 x 1.225
M = 133.24 KNm
Mu = 1.5133.24=200 KNm
Now, effective width of the footing = b +1/8(B-b)
105
= 450 + 1/8(2900-450)
= 756. 25 mm
dreqd = (200x 106)/(.138 x 20 x 756.25)
= 309.5 mm
Using 50 mm clear cover and 16 bars
Overall depth = 309.5 + 50 +16/2
= 367.5 mm
We provide overall depth = 700 mm
davailable = 700 50- 16/2
= 642 mm
Now
Mu/be = 310/.756=410 and d= 64.2 cm
From chart 15 of SP 16
Pt = 0.3
As = (.3 x 756 x 642)/ 100
= 1457 mm2
From table 96 of SP 16
Provide 16 bars at 100 mm c/c (2011 mm2)
So actual steel provided = (2011 x 100)/ (756 x 642)
= 0.414
106
b) For shorter direction
Fig. 10.2
X=7.61
Y=90.61
BM at the face of the column = 90.69x 0.8 x 0.8 x 2.9 x .5 + 0.5x 7.61 x 0.8 x 2.9 x 2/3 x 0.8
=88.89 KNm
Mu = 133.33 KNm
= 300 + 1/8(1900-300)
= 500 mm
dreqd = (133.83 x 106)/(.138 x 20 x 500) = 310.83
107
Overall depth = 310.83 + 50 +16+16/2

= 384.83 mm
Provided depth = 700 mm
davailable = 700 -50 -16 -16/2 = 626 mm
Now,
Mu/be = 133.3/.500 = 266 and d= 62.6 cm
Pt = 0.18
As = (.18 x 500 x 626)/ 100
= 563.4 mm2
We provide 16 bars at 300 mm c/c (670 mm2)
= 0.21
108
2. CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR

Critical section for one way shear occurs at a distance of d from the face of the column
d= 642 mm
Fig. 10.3
de = (550 x 583)/ 1225

= 261.75 mm
109
Overall depth = 261.75 +150

= 411.75 mm
Available depth = 411.75 50 16/2 = 353.75 mm
Actual amount of steel = 2011x 2.9 = 5831.9 mm2
Area of trapezoid = 923704mm2
Percentage of steel at critical section
=
=
= .63 %
For Pt= 0.63 %,
c = .522 N/mm2
X = 2.02
Y = 88.28
V = [.5 x (88.07+90.3)] x .583 x 1.9
Fig. 10.4
= 98.90 KN
Vu = 148.36 KN
v = (Vu/bd)
= (148.36 x 103)/ [.5 x (1584+2714) x 353.75]
0.19 < c
Hence safe
110
3. CHECK FOR TWO WAY SHEAR

Critical section for punching shear occurs at a distance of d/2 from the face of the column
d/2 = 642/2 = 321 mm
b= 2 x 321 + 300
= 942 mm
Now
Fig. 10.5
de = (550 x 904)/ 1225= 405.44 mm

111
Overall depth = 405.44 + 150

= 555.8 mm
Available depth = 555.8 50 -16/2
= 497.87 mm
Punching shear stress = (541.2 x 103)/(4x 942 x 497.87)
= 0.28 N/mm2
Permissible punching shear stress = 0.25 (fck)
= 0.25 x 20
= 1.12 N/mm2
Hence safe
4. CHECK FOR BEARING
As per clause 34.4 of IS 456
Safe bearing capacity = 0.45 fck (A1 / A2)
A1 = (b +4D) 2
A2 = (450 x 300)
Now A1/ A2 = 8.44 and (A1 / A2) = 2.97>2
So take (A1 / A2) = 2
Actual bearing stress = (column load/column area)
= (492 x 103)/ (450 x 300)
= 3.64 N/mm2
Safe bearing stress = 0.45 fck (A1 / A2)
= 0.45 x 20 x 2
= 18 N/mm2
Hence safe
112
5. CHECK FOR DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

For 16 bars and M20 concrete from table 66 of SP 16
Development length = 752 mm
a) Available length in longer direction = 1225 mm.
b) Available length in shorter direction = 800 mm.
Fig. 10.6
113

Moment at the base of the column = 51 KNm
Now,
Pu = 667.5 KN
Mu = 42.5 KNm
Axial Load on the column = 667.5
Area required
= 734.25 KN
= 4.89 m2
Add 10% for moment= .489 m2

Total area required
= 5.4 m2
L/B = 450/300 = 1.5

L = 1.5 B
1.5 B2 = 5.4 m2
B = 1.9 m
L = 2.89 m
Pmax = P/A + M/Z
= 734.25/(2.9x 1.9)+ (42.5 x 6)/(1.9 x 2.92)
= 149.2 KN/m2
P min = P/A - M/Z
= 734.25/(2.9x 1.9) - (42.5 x 6)/(1.9 x 2.92) = 117.3 KN/m2
114

a) Longer direction
Fig. 10.7
x = 13.5 KN/m2
y = 135.7 KN/m2
= 135.7x1.225 x1.9x1.225 x .5 + .5 x13.5 x1.225 x1.9 x 2/3 x 1.225
M = 206.34 KNm
Mu = 310 KNm
= 450 + 1/8(2900-450)
= 756. 25 mm
115
dreqd = (310 x 106)/(.138 x 20 x 756.25) = 385.4 mm

Overall depth = 385.4 + 50 +16/2
= 441.4 mm
= 642 mm
Now
Mu/be = 310/.756 and d= 64.2 cm
Pt = 0.3
As = (.3 x 756.25 x 642)/ 100
= 1457 mm2
So actual steel provided = (2011 x 100)/ (756.5 x 642)
= 0.41
116
Fig. 10.8
X = 13.43
Y = 135.76
BM at the face of the column = .5x (149.2 + 117.3) x 0.8 x 2.9 x 2.9 x .5
= 280.05 KNm
Mu = 420 KNm
= 300 + 1/8(1900-300)
= 500 mm
dreqd = (420 x 106)/(.138 x 20 x 500)
= 551.67
Overall depth = 551.67 + 50 +16+16/2
= 625.67 mm
117

davailable = 700 -50 -16 -16/2 = 626 mm
Now
Mu/be = 420/.500 = 840 and d= 62.6 cm
Pt = 0.3
As = (.3 x 500 x 626)/ 100
= 939 mm2
= 0.35
118

d= 642 mm
Fig. 10.9
de = (550 x 583)/ 1225

= 261.75 mm
Overall depth = 261.75 +150= 411.75 mm
119

Actual amount of steel = 2011 x 2.9 = 5831.9 mm2
Area of trapezoid = .5 x (1584+2900) x412
= 923704 mm2
=
=
= .63 %
For Pt 0.63 %,
c = .552 N/mm2
X = 6.413
Y = 142.8
V= [.5 x(142.8+149.2)] x .583 x 1.9
= 161.72 KN
Vu = 242.58 KN
v = (Vu/bd)
= (242.58 x 103)/ [.5x (1584+2714) x 353.75]
0.32 < c
Hence safe
120

d/2 = 642/2 = 321 mm
b= 2 x 321 + 300
= 942 mm
Fig. 10.10
Now
de = (550 x 904)/ 1225

= 405.44 mm
121

= 555.8 mm
= 497.87 mm
Punching shear stress = (734.25 x 103)/(4x 942 x 497)
= 0.39 N/mm2
= 0.25 x 20
= 1.12 N/mm2
Hence safe

A1 = (b +4D)2
A2 = (450 x 300)
Now A1/ A2 = 8.44 and (A1 / A2 ) = 2.97>2
So take (A1 / A2 ) = 2
= (667.5 x 103)/(450 x 300)
= 4.94 N/mm2
= 0.45 x 20 x 2
= 18 N/mm2
Hence safe
122

c) Available length in longer direction = 1225 mm.
d) Available length in shorter direction = 800 mm.
DETAILING OF FOOTING:
Fig. 10.11
123

Now,
P = 599 KN
M = 34 KNm
Axial Load on the column = 599
Area required
= 658.9 KN
= 4.4 m2
Add 10% for moment= 0.44m2

Total area required
= 4.84 m2
L/B = 450/300 = 1.5

L = 1.5 B
1.5 B2 = 4.84 m2
B = 1.79 m
L = 2.69 m
Pmax = P/A + M/Z
= 658.9/(2.9x 1.9)+ (34 x 6)/(1.9 x 2.92)
= 132.34 KN/m2 <150 KN/m2
(hence safe)
P min = P/A - M/Z

= 658.9/(2.9x 1.9) - (34 x 6)/(1.9 x 2.92) = 107 KN/m2
124

a) Longer direction
Fig. 10.12
x = 14.63 KN/m2
= (107+14.63) x1.225 x1.9x1.225 x .5 + .5 x(132.34-107-14.63) x1.225 x1.9 x 2/3 x
1.225
M = 184 KNm
Mu = 1.5184=276 KNm
125

= 450 + 1/8(2900-450)
= 756 mm
dreqd = (276x 106)/(.138 x 20 x 756)
= 363.69 mm
Overall depth = 363.69 + 50 +16/2
= 421.7 mm
= 742 mm
Now
Mu/be = 276/.756=365 and d= 74.2 cm
Pt = 0.28
As = (.28 x 756 x 742)/ 100
= 1570.68 mm2
126
Fig. 10.13
BM at the face of the column =0.5(107+132.34) x 0.8x2.9x2.9x0.5
= 402.6 KNm
Mu = 603.8 KNm
= 300 + 1/8(1900-300)
= 500 mm
dreqd = (603.8 x 106)/(.138 x 20 x 500)
= 661.46 mm
Overall depth = 661.46 + 50 +16+16/2
= 735.46 mm
127
davailable = 800 -50 -16 -16/2 = 726 mm

Now
Mu/be = 603.8/.500 = 1207 and d= 72.6 cm
Pt = 0.78
As = (0.78 x 500 x 726)/ 100
= 2831.4 mm2
d= 742 mm
128
Fig. 10.14
129
de = (650 x 483)/ 1225

= 256.3 mm
= 406.3 mm
Available depth = 406.3 50 16/2 = 348.3
mm
Actual amount of steel = 1675x 2.9 = 4857.9
mm2
=
=
= .97 %
For Pt= 0.97 %,
c = .62 N/mm2
Fig. 10.15
V= [.5 x (107+21.2+132.34)] x .483 x 1.9

= 119.50 KN
Vu = 179.3 KN
v = (Vu/bd)
= (179.3 x 103)/ [.5x (1934+2762) x 348.3]
0.21 < c
Hence safe
130

d/2 = 742/2 = 371 mm
b= 2 x 0.371+0.300
= 1.042 m
Now
Fig. 10.16
de = (650 x 0.854)/ 1.225= 453.1 mm

131

= 603.1 mm
= 545.1 mm
Punching shear stress = (658 x 103)/(4x 1042 x 545.1)
= 0.29 N/mm2
= 0.25 x 20
= 1.12 N/mm2
Hence safe

A1 = (b +4D)2
A2 = (450 x 300)
Now A1/ A2 = 8.44 and (A1 / A2 ) = 2.97>2
So take (A1 / A2 ) = 2
= (599 x 103)/ (450 x 300)
= 4.4 N/mm2
= 0.45 x 20 x 2
= 18 N/mm2
Hence safe
132

e) Available length in longer direction = 1225 mm.
f) Available length in shorter direction = 800 mm.
Fig. 10.17
133

Now,
P = 473.328 KN
M = 16.11 KNm
Axial Load on the column = 473.328
Area required
= 520.66 KN
= 3.47 m2
Add 10% for moment= .347m2

Total area required
= 3.8 m2
L/B = 450/300 = 1.5

L = 1.5 B
1.5 B2 = 3.8 m2
B = 1.59 m
L = 2.4 m
Pmax = P/A + M/Z
= 520.66/(2.9x 1.9)+ (16.11 x 6)/(1.9 x 2.92)
= 100.5 KN/m2 <150 KN/m2
(hence safe)
P min = P/A - M/Z

= 520.66/ (2.9x 1.9) - (16.11 x 6)/(1.9 x 2.92) = 88.4 KN/m2
134

a) Longer direction
Fig. 10.18
x = 7 KN/m2
y = 107 KN/m2
= (88.4+7) x1.225 x1.9x1.225 x .5 + .5 x(100.5-88.4-7) x1.225 x1.9 x 2/3 x 1.225
M = 140.84 KNm
Mu = 1.5140.84=211.3 KNm
= 450 + 1/8(2900-450)
= 756. 25 mm
135
dreqd = (211.3 x 106)/(.138 x 20 x 756.25)

= 318.2 mm
Overall depth = 318.2 + 50 +16/2
= 376.2 mm
= 642 mm
Now
Mu/be = 211.3/.756=280 and d= 64.2 cm
Pt = 0.2
As = (.2 x 756 x 642)/ 100
= 970.704 mm2
= 0.23
136
Fig. 10.19
BM at the face of the column = .5x (88.4+100.5) x 0.8 x 2.9 x 2.9 x .5
= 317.7 KNm
Mu = 476.6 KNm
= 300 + 1/8(1900-300)
= 500 mm
dreqd = (476.6 x 106)/(.138 x 20 x 500)
= 587.6
Overall depth = 587.6 + 50 +16+16/2
= 661.6 mm
137
davailable = 700 -50 -16 -16/2 = 626 mm

Now
Mu/be = 626/.500 = 1252 and d= 62.6 cm
Pt = 0.95
As = (.95 x 500 x 626)/ 100
= 2973.5 mm2
= 1.07

d= 642 mm
138
Fig. 10.20
de = (550 x 583)/ 1225

= 261.75 mm
= 411.75 mm
139

Actual amount of steel = 1117x 2.9 = 3239.3 mm2
Area of trapezoid = .5 x(1584+2900)x412
= 923704 mm2
=
=
= .35 %
For Pt= 0.35 %,
c = .415 N/mm2
X = 2.43
Y = 98.07
V= [.5 x(98.07+100.5)] x .583 x 1.9
= 109.97 KN
Vu = 165 KN
v = (Vu/bd)
= (165 x 103)/ [.5x (1584+2714) x 353.75]
0.21 < c
Hence safe
140

d/2 = 642/2 = 321 mm
b= 2 x 321 + 300
= 942 mm
Fig. 10.21
Now
de = (550 x 904)/ 1225

= 405.44 mm
141

= 555.8 mm
= 497.87 mm
Punching shear stress = (520.66 x 103)/(4x 942 x 497)
= 0.27 N/mm2
= 0.25 x 20
= 1.12 N/mm2
Hence safe

Safe bearing capacity = 0.45 fck (A1 / A2 )
A1 = (b +4D)2
A2 = (450 x 300)
Now A1/ A2 = 8.44 and (A1 / A2 ) = 2.97>2
So take (A1 / A2 ) = 2
= (473.328 x 103)/ (450 x 300)
= 3.50 N/mm2
= 0.45 x 20 x 2
= 18 N/mm2
Hence safe
142

g) Available length in longer direction = 1225 mm.
h) Available length in shorter direction = 800 mm.
Fig. 10.22
143
CHAPTER- 11
DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
144
DESIGN OF STAIRCASE
Fig. 11.1
Fig. 11.2
145
11.1 AVAILABLE DATA:

Storey height
= 3.3m
Height of each flight = 3.3/2 = 1.65m = 1650 mm

Let us provide a riser, R= 160mm
And tread, T = 250mm
Therefore number of risers in each flight = 1650/160 = 10.33 11
Number of tread in each flight = 11-1 = 10
Space provided for going = 10250 = 2500mm = 2.5m
Space provided for landing slab = 1500mm = 1.50m
Horizontal space available = 3300mm
CHECK FOR THUMB RULE:
i)
ii)
iii)
2R + T = 2160 + 250 = 570mm< 600mm

R + T = 160 + 250 = 420 mm, which is in between 400mm and 450mm
RT = 160250 = 40000 mm2, which is in between 40000mm and 50000mm
Thus riser and tread satisfies all the thumb rules.

Corrected rise = 1650/11 = 150mm
Hence for design purpose rise and tread are taken as 150mm and 250mm respectively.
11.2 DESIGN OF WAIST SLAB:
=
= 1.17
Let us provide thickness of waist slab = 200 mm

Let us use M20 grade of concrete and Fe 415 steel.
Therefore, fy = 415 N/mm2 and fck = 20 N/mm2
11.3 DESIGN OF EACH FLIGHT:
Let us design the landing slab, flight and passage as a single slab which would be supported at
each end by means of landing beam.
146
So, effective span of slab = 5.50m

Using 10 bars and 15mm effective cover
Effective depth = (220-15-10/2) = 200mm
LOADING ON EACH FLIGHT:
Considering 1m width of the waist slab,
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
Steps
0.50.15125 = 1.875 KN/m2
Waist slab
0.21.1725
= 5.850 KN/m2
Floor finish (assumed)
= 1.000 KN/m2
SIL (as per IS 875 1987, Part 2) = 3.000 KN/m2
Total load,
w = 11.725 KN/m2
Considering partial fixity,

Maximum bending moment, Mmax = 0.1wl2 = 0.111.7255.52
= 35.468 KNm
Factored bending moment, Mu = 1.5 Mmax = 53.202 KNm
Effective depth required, deff,req =
=
= 138.838 mm
Therefore, overall depth required, D= 138.838+25+5 = 168.838 mm < 200mm
Hence,safe.
Let us provide overall depth, D= 190mm
So, effective depth provided, deff = 190 25- 5= 160mm
REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED:
Mu/bd2= (53.202 x 106/ 1000 x 1602) = 2.078
Pt = 100Ast / bd
Ast = (.670 x 1000 x 160) / (100) = 1072 mm2.
Spacing for 10 mm dia bars, S = 70 mm (from table 96 of SP16)
147
Let us provide 10 bars @ 70 mm c/c (1122 mm2)

Distribution steel = 0.00122001000 = 240 mm2
Spacing required for 8 bar = 501000/240 = 208.33 mm
Let us use 8 bars @ 300 mm c/c (240 mm2 )
11.4 DESIGN OF LANDING BEAM:

Load calculation:
i)
ii)
iii)
Load from stairs: 0.5wL = 0.511.7255.5

= 32.244 KN/m
Load from wall: 0.15203.3/2
= 4.95 KN/m
Self weight(200 x 350): =250.20(0.35-0.20) = 0.75 KN/m
Total load
w = 37.944 KN/m
Maxm BM, Mmax = 37.9442.552/10 = 24.67 KNm

Mu = 1.524.67 = 37.005 KNm
Effective depth required, deff = (37.005x106/(0.13820200))
= 258.917 mm
Davailable = 350 25 16/2 = 317 mm
Let us adopt landing beam = 200300
Effective depth = 300 25 16/2 = 267 mm
Hence, Area of steel required, Ast = 37.005106/0.696415267
= 479.835mm2
Provide 4 nos. 16 bars (800 mm2).
11.5 CHECK FOR SHEAR
Maximum SF, Vmax = 0.537.9442.55= 48.378

Vu = 1.548.378 = 72.56 KN
Nominal shear stress, v = 72.561000/200267 = 1.35 N/mm2
148
Pt = 603.2100/200267 = 1.12
c = 0.644 N/mm2
c max = 2.8 N/mm2
c < c max, the section need not redesign
v > c, hence additional shear reinforcement is required.
Vus = (1.35 0.644)200267 = 37700.4 N
Assuming 2 legged 6 stirrup, spacing reqd.
S = 0.872502 (/462) 267/37700.4 = 87.06 mm < 0.75 d (= 200.25)
Hence, spacing 80 mm c/c
Fig. 11.3
149
CHAPTER 12
DESIGN OF CHAJJA
150
12.1 ASSUMPTIONS
Let us provide a Chajja projection beyond external wall = 600 m and
use 6 mm dia. bars as reinforcement.
12.2 Effective depth calculations

As per Cl 23.2.1 of IS 456:2000, for cantilever slab
1
=7
deff
=> deff =
1
7
d eff =
600
7
=> deff = 85.714 mm

Let us provide overall thickness of chajja = 100
... Effective depth provided, deff = 100 -15 -6/2 = 82 mm
12.3 Load calculations for chajja at roof

Self Weight of Chajja = 0.1 x 25
= 2.5 KN/m2
Finish =0.2 x 2.5
= 0.5 KN/m2
Live load
= 1.5 KN /m2
Total Load, W = 4.5 KN/m2
12.4 Bending moment and shear force calculations:

Considering 1 m width of strip of cantilever slab, we have
Maximum
BM
Wl 2
2
4.5 0.60 2
2
= 0.81 KNm
... Factored moment, Mu = 1.5 x 0.81 = 1.215 KNm
151
Also, Max. S.F.
= wl
= 4.5 x 0.60
= 2.7 KN
... Factored shear force, Vu = 1.5 x 2.7 = 4.05 KN
12.5 Check for effective depth:

We know,
Effective depth required, d =
Mu
0.138 f ck b
1.215x10 6
0.138 x 20 x1000
= 20.98 mm < 82 mm (d provided), hence safe

Now, Mu = 0.87 f y Ast d (1
Ast f y
bdf ck
=> 1.215 x10 6 = 0.87 x 415 xAst x82 (1
Ast 415
)
1000 x82 x 20
=> Ast = 41.50 mm2 or 3911.09 mm2

Neglecting the very high value obtained from the above equation, let us accept
Ast = 41.50 mm2
As per Cl. 26.5.2.1 of IS 456: 2000,
Minimum reinforcement required =
0.12
x100 x1000 = 120mm 2
100
From Table 96 of Design Aid SP-16,

Let us provide 6 mm dia. bars @ 200 mm C/C. (A st, provided = 141mm2)
152
12.6 Check for shear:

Induced shear stress, v
Now
Pt, provided =
Vu
bd
4.05 x1000
= 0.049N/mm2
1000 x82
100 xAst
bd
= 0.17%
From Table 61 of Design Aid SP-16, the value of c corresponding to Pt = 0.20 (minimum) is,
c = 0.33 N/mm2
Since v < c hence the design is safe in shear.
12.7 Distribution reinforcement:

Minimum distribution steel =
=
0.12 xDxb
100
0.12 x100 x1000

100
= 120 mm2
From Table 96 of Design Aid SP-16;
Let us provide 6 mm dia. Bars @ 200 mm C/C. (Ast, provided = 141mm2)
12.8 Load calculations for chajja at floor

Self Weight of Chajja = 0.1 x 25
Finish =0.2 x 2.5
Live load
Total Load, W
= 2.5 KN/m2
= 0.5 KN/m2
= 2.0KN /m2
= 5.0 KN/m2
153
12.9 Bending moment and shear force calculations:

Considering 1 m width of strip of cantilever slab, we have
Maximum
Wl 2
2
5 0.602
2
BM
= 0.9 KNm
... Factored moment, Mu = 1.5 x 0.9 = 1.35 KNm
Also, Max. S.F.
= wl
= 5 x 0.60
= 3KN
... Factored shear force, Vu = 1.5 x 3= 4.5 KN
12.10 Check for effective depth:

We know,
Effective depth required, d =
Mu
0.138 f ck b
1.35 x106
0.138 x20 x1000
= 22.12 mm < 82 mm (d provided), hence safe

Now, Mu = 0.87 f y Ast d (1
Ast f y
bdf ck
=> 1.35 x106 = 0.87 x 415 xAst x82(1
Ast 415
)
1000 x82 x 20
=> Ast = 46.14mm2 or 3906.61 mm2

Neglecting the very high value obtained from the above equation, let us accept
Ast = 46.14mm2
154
As per Cl. 26.5.2.1 of IS 456: 2000,

Minimum reinforcement required =
0.12
x100 x1000 = 120 mm 2
100
From Table 96 of Design Aid SP-16,

Let us provide 6 mm dia. bars @ 200 mm C/C. (A st, provided = 141mm2)
12.11 Check for shear:

Induced shear stress, v
Now
Pt, provided =
Vu
bd
4.5 x1000
= 0.055N/mm2
1000 x82
100 xAst
bd
= 0.17%
From Table 61 of Design Aid SP-16, the value of c corresponding to Pt = 0.20 (minimum) is,
c = 0.33 N/mm2
Since v < c hence the design is safe in shear.
12.12 Distribution reinforcement:

Minimum distribution steel =
=
0.12 xDxb
100
0.12 x100 x1000
100
= 120 mm2
From Table 96 of Design Aid SP-16;
Let us provide 6 mm dia. Bars @ 200 mm C/C. (Ast, provided= 141mm2)
155
CHAPTER-11
DESIGN OF LINTEL
156
13.1 Introduction:
It becomes necessary to provide openings in walls for doors, windows, cupboards, etc. Such
opening must be bridged over so as to support the load of the wall above them. This is accompanied by
providing a lintel.
13.2 Design of Lintel:
Assumptions:
Let lintel beam size = 125 mm x 250 mm
Main beam size = 300mm x 450 mm
Wall thickness = 150 mm
Projection of Chajja = 600 mm
A. Load calculations for external lintel (for roof)
1. Wall load = (3.2 2.1 0.45 0.25) x 0.15 x 20
= 1.2KN/m
2. Load from Chajja =
4.5 x 0.6
= 2.70 KN/m
3. Self weight of lintel
0.125 x 0.25x 25
= 0.781KN/m
Total, w = 4.681KN/ m
Bending moment and shear force calculations:
Max.B.M =
wl 2
8
4.681x3.6 2
8
= 7.58KNm
... Factored moment, Mu = 1.5 x 7.58= 11.37KNm
Also, Max. S.F. =
wl
2
4.681* 3.6
2
= 8.43KN
... Factored shear force, Vu = 1.5 x 8.43= 12.64KN
157
Check for effective depth:

Here effective depth provided, d available = 250 25
12
mm
2
= 219 mm
(Providing 25 mm clear cover and using 12 mm dia. bars)
We know,
Effective depth required, d required =
Mu
0.138 f ck b
11.37 x106
=
0.138x20 x125
= 181.54 mm
..
. d available > dreqd
... Safe
Calculation of required reinforcement:

M u 11.37 x106
=
= 1.90 N / mm 2
2
2
bd
125 x 219
Therefore, from Table 2 of Design Aid SP-16, we provide

pt= 0.602%
...
100xAst
= 0.602
bd
=>
100xAst
= 0.602
125x 219
=> Ast = 164.79 mm2

... No. of bars required = 2 (as per table 95 of SP 16)
Let us provide 2-12 mm dia. (226 mm2) bars as tensile reinforcement and 2-12 mm dia. Bars as
nominal reinforcement at top layers.
Check for shear:
Induced shear stress, v =
Vu
bd
158
12.64 x1000
125x 219
= 0.46N/mm2
Now,
Pt, provided =
100x 226
= 0.82
125x 219
From Table 61 of Design Aid SP-16, the value of c corresponding to Pt = 0.82 is
c = 0.57 N/mm2
Since c > v , hence shear reinforcement is not reqd. but nominal shear reinforcement has to be provided
in accordance with Cl. 26.5.1.6 of IS: 456-2000
Using 6 mm dia. bars we have
Asv =
2 xx 6 2
= 56.55mm 2
4
We have,
Asv
0 .4
=
bS v 0.87 f y
Sv = 408.35 mm
As per Cl. 26.5.1.5 of 456-2000 spacing should in no case exceed 300 mm
Let us provide 6 mm 2 legged vertical stirrups @ 300 mm c/c.
B. Load calculations for external lintel (for floor)

1. Wall load = (3.2 2.1 0.45 0.25) x 0.15 x 20
= 1.2KN/m
2. Load from chajja =
5.0 x 0.6
= 3 KN/m
0.125 x 0.25x 25
= 0.781KN/m

Max.B.M =
wl 2
8
159
4.981x3.6 2
8
=8.07KNm
... Factored moment, Mu = 1.5 x8.07= 12.1KNm
wl
2
Also, Max. S.F. =
4.981* 3.6
2
=8.97KN
... Factored shear force, Vu = 1.5 x8.97= 13.45KN
12
mm
2
= 219 mm
We know,
Mu
0.138 f ck b
12.1x106
0.138x 20 x125
= 187.27mm
..
... Safe

Mu
12.1x106
=
= 2.02 N / mm 2
2
2
bd
125 x 219

pt= 0.647%
...
100xAst
= 0.647
bd
160
=>
100xAst
= 0.647
125x 219
=> Ast = 177.12 mm2

Check for shear:
Vu
bd
=
13.45x1000
125x 219
= 0.49 N/mm2
Now,
Pt, provided =
100x 226
= 0.82
125x 219
c = 0.57 N/mm2
Asv =
2 xx 6 2
= 56.55mm 2
4
We have,
Asv
0.4
=
bS v 0.87 f y
Sv = 408.35 mm
161
C. Load calculations for internal lintel:

1. Wall load = (3.2 2.1 0.45 0.25) x 0.15 x 20
= 1.2 KN/m
0.125 x 0.25x 25
= 0.781KN/m
wl 2
Max.B.M =
8
=
1.981x3.6 2
8
= 3.21KNm
... Factored moment, Mu = 1.5 x 3.21= 4.81 KNm
Also, Max. S.F. =
wl
2
1.981x3.6
2
= 3.56KN
... Factored shear force, Vu = 1.5 x 3.56= 5.35 KN
12
mm
2
= 219 mm
We know,
=
..
Mu
0.138 fck b
4.81x106
= 118.07 mm
0.138x20 x125
... Safe
162

Mu
4.81x10 6
=
= 0.80 N / mm 2
2
2
bd
125 x 219

pt= 0.233%
...
100 xAst
= 0.233
bd
=>
100 xAst
= 0.242
125 x 219
=> Ast = 63.78 mm2

Check for shear:
Vu
bd
=
5.35 x1000
125 x 219
= 0.19N/mm2
Now,
Pt, provided =
100x 226
= 0.82
125x 219
c = 0.57 N/mm2
Asv =
2 xx 6 2
= 56.55mm 2
4
163
Again we have,
Asv
0.4
=
bS v 0.87 f y
Sv = 408.35 mm
164
CHAPTER-14
CONCLUSION
165
This project aims at the structural design of a multi-storied residential building in

Guwahati City. The first phase of the project was to plan a building according to the existing
Guwahati Metropolitan Development Authority (GMDA) bye laws. The planning of the building
has been done to arrange the location of various rooms and their sizes so that it fulfills the
functional requirements of the intended purpose.
After the planning stage, estimation of the various loads, viz. gravity and seismic loads
are carried out. During this stage, analysis has been done by approximate methods such has
moment distribution and portal methods to yields the various bending moments, shear forces and
axial loads acting at the various section at different levels. The results of the computations are
then subjected to load combination that can be accepted as the design values, i.e. that values for
which the various components of the structure has to be designed.
The design phase consisted of designing of the various components that constitutes the
structure such as beams, columns, slabs, staircase, Chajja/sunshade, lintels and footing. The final
output is in the form of reinforcement detailing of the various constituents parts as they are
essential for the execution of the actual construction work. Ductile detailing has been
incorporated as per IS 13920: 1993.
166
ANNEX A
LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS AND CLAUSES
IS: 875 (Part II) 1987:Code of practice for Design loads (other than earthquake) for Building
and Structures
Clause.3.1.2
IS: 1983 (Part II) 2002: Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Part I General
provision and buildings
Clause.6.4.2
Clause.7.3.1
Clause.7.3.2
Clause.7.4.2
Clause.7.5.3
Clause.7.6.1
Table 2
Table 6
Table 7
Fig. 2
IS 456- 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice
Clause 23.2.1
Clause 26.2.1
Clause 26.3.2
Clause 26.4.1
Clause 26.5.1.1
Clause 26.5.1.5
Clause 26.5.1.6
Clause 26.5.2.1
Clause 26.5.2.1
Clause 26.5.3.1(a)
167
Clause 26.5.3.2 (C)
Clause D.1.1
Clause D.1.8
Clause D.1.9
Clause D.2.1
Table 26
DESIGN AID TO IS: 456-1978 (SP-16)
Chart 11
Chart 12
Chart 13
Chart 14
Chart 15
Chart 44
Table 2
Table 37
Table 61
Table 62
Table 96
IS: 13920-1993- Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic

Forces.
Clause 3.4
Clause 5.1
Clause 5.2
Clause 5.3
Clause 6.2.1
Clause 6.2.2
Clause 6
Clause 6.2.12.3
Clause 6.2.4
168
ANNEX B
LIST OF REFERRED BOOKS AND REPORTS

1. Jain , Ashok K. (2006) Reinforced Concrete- Limit State Design, 6th Edition ,
NemChand & Bros, Roorkee.
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Building Design

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Building Design

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CHAPTER-1

1.1.1. Residential building:

1.3 MULTISTORIED BUILDING

1.5 DESIGN METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

Idealization of the structure for analysis

LINE DIAGRAM OF BUILDING PLAN

Frame of the Building

As per IS 875 (Part 1) : 1987

As per IS 875 (Part 2) : 1987

Terrace: 1.5 KN/m2

Typical floors: 2.0 KN/m2

Balcony and Corridors : 3 KN/m2

As per IS: 1893(Part 1)-2002

Depth of foundation below GL

Type II, medium as per IS: 1893 (Part 1)-2002

Allowable bearing capacity

G.F. + 3 upper floors

150mm (both external and internal walls)

M20 conforming to IS: 456-2000

Fe 415 conforming to IS: 1786-1979

300 mm x 450 mm (Primary)

250 mm x 300 mm (Secondary)

Column : 300 mm x 450 mm

FRAME ALONG PRIMARY DIRECTION OF THE BUILDING:

GRAVITY ANALYSIS OF FRAME YY

3.1 LOAD CALCULATION OF DIFFERENT FLOORS:

Imposed Load = 2.632 x 1.5

Equivalent UDl for Self-wt. of Slab =

Equivalent UDl for Imposed Load =

Area S5 = 0.5 x 1.650 x 3.3

Total Self Weight of Slab = 2.722 x 4

Imposed Load = 2.722 x 1.5

Equivalent UDl for Self-wt. of Slab =

Equivalent UDl for Imposed Load =

UDL due to Beam

Total Load on the member = (5.399+2.025+6.6+2.475+3.375) = 19.874 KN/m

Imposed Load = 2.362 x 1.5

Equivalent UDl for Self-wt. of Slab =

Equivalent UDl for Imposed Load =

UDL due to Beam

Total Load on the member = 5.399 + 2.025 + 3.375 = 10.799 KN/m

Imposed Load = 2.722 x 1.5

Equivalent UDl for Self-wt. of Slab =

Equivalent UDl for Imposed Load =

Area S2 = 0.5 x (2.7+1.35) x 0.675

Total Self Weight of Slab = 2.722 x 4

Imposed Load = 2.722 x 1.5

Equivalent UDl for Self-wt. of Slab =

Equivalent UDl for Imposed Load =

UDL due to Beam

Point Load on the member due to Secondary beam = 18.72 KN

Imposed Load = 2.632 x 2

Equivalent UDl for Self-wt. of Slab =

Equivalent UDl for Imposed Load =

Area S5 = 0.5 x 1.650 x 3.3

Total Self Weight of Slab = 2.722 x 4

Imposed Load = 2.722 x 2

Equivalent UDl for Self-wt. of Slab =

Equivalent UDl for Imposed Load =

UDL due to Beam

UDL due to Wall

Total Load on the member = (5.399+2.699+6.6+3.299+3.375+8.55) = 29.922 KN/m

Imposed Load = 2.362 x 2

Self weight of slab = (2.7/2+3.6/2)(3.3+3.1+3.3)5

Self weight of slab = (2.7/2+3.6/2)(3.3+3.1+3.3)5

Self weight of slab = (2.7/2+3.6/2)(3.3+3.1+3.3)5

Self weight of slab = (2.7/2+3.6/2)(3.3+3.1+3.3)5