Bai 17 CHIN TRANH TH GII TH HAI (1939 1945).

I.NGUYN NHN DN CHIN TRANH 1. Cc nc pht xt y mnh xm lc (1931 1937). - Trong nhng nm 1930 ca TK XX cc nc pht xt c, Italia, Nht Bn y mnh xm lc nhiu khu vc trn th gii. - Lin x ch trng lin kt vi cc nc Anh, Php chng ch ngha pht xt. - Gii cm quyn Anh. Php, M khng lin kt vi Lin x, ngc li thc hin chnh sch nhng b pht xt, hng y chin tranh v Lin X. => Cc nc pht xt li dng tnh hnh gy chin tranh xm lc. 2. T hi ngh Muy-nich n chin tranh th gii. - Sau khi st nhp o vo c, Ht-le gay ra v Xuy-t thn tnh Tip Khc. - Ngy 29.9.1938 Hi ngh Muy-nch c triu tp, Anh, Php k hip nh trao cho c vng Xuy-t (Tip Khc) i ly vic c cam kt khng tn cng chu u. - Ngy 23-8-1939 thun li trong vic xm lc chu u c k vi Lin x hip c X c khng xm lc nhau. II. CHIN TRANH TG II BNG N V LAN RNG CHU U (T 9.1939 N 6.1941) 1. Pht xt c tn cng Ba Lan v xm chim chu u (9.1939 9.1940). - Sng ngy 1.9.1939 c tn cng Ba Lan, hai ngy sau Anh, Php tuyn chin vi c, chin tranh th gii bng n - Thng 4.1940 c chuyn hng tn cng t pha ng sang pha Ty v chim hu ht cc nc chu u. - Thng 7.1940 c thc hin k hoch tn cng Anh nhng do u th khng qun v hi qun ca Anh mnh nn c khng thc hin c. 2. Phe pht xt bnh trng ng v Nam u (9.1940 6.1941) - Thng 9.1940 c, Italia v Nht Bn k hip c tam cng nhm gip nhau v cng khai phn chia th gii. - T 10.1940 c chuyn tn cng sang hng ng v hon thnh xm lc cc nc ng v Nam u. - c chun b xong mi iu kin tn cng Lin X. III. CHIN TRANH LAN RNG KHP TH GII (T 6.1941 n 11.1942) 1. Pht xt c tn cng Lin x. Chin s Bc Phi. - Sng 22.6.1941 vi k hoch chp nhong vch ra t trc, c bt ng tn cng Lin X. - Thng 12.1941 Hng qun LX di s ch o ca tng Giu-cp y li qun c khi Mt-xc-va, lm tht bi k hoch chp nhong ca c. - Khng chim c Mt-xc-va, c chuyn hng tn cng xung pha Nam, mc tiu l Xta-lin-grt. Sau 2 thng chin u c vn khng chim c thnh ph ny. - Bc Phi 9.1940 qun Italia tn cng Ai Cp nhng khng ginh c thng li. - 10.1942 lin qun Anh M ginh thng li En A-la-men ginh li u th Bc Phi v bt u phn cng. 2. Chin tranh Thi Bnh Dng bng n. - Thng 9.1940 Nht nhy vo ng Dng v quyt nh chin tranh vi M. - 7.12.1941 khng tuyn chin qun Nht bt ng tn cng cn c hi qun M Trn Chu cng m u cuc chin tranh Chu - Thi Bnh Dng. - Sau thng li Trn Chu cng Nht Bn chim ton b ng Nam , mt phn ng v Thi Bnh Dng. 3. Khi ng minh chng pht xt hnh thnh. - Nguyn nhn. + Hnh ng xm lc ca ch ngha pht xt. + Lin X tham gia chin tranh lm thay i tnh cht cuc chin. + Anh M thay i thi i vi Lin X. - Ngy 1.1.1942 ti Oa-sinh-tn 26 quc gia k tuyn b chung Tuyn ngonn Lin hop quc cam kt cng nhau chng PX. IV. QUN NG MINH CHUYN SANG PHN CNG. CHIN TRANH TH GII KT THC (11.1942 8.1945) 1. Qun ng minh phn cng (11.1942 6.1944). - Mt trn X - c: + Trn phn cng Xta-lin-grt (11.1942-2.1943) l bc ngot ca cuc chin tranh, phe ng minh bt u phn cng trn ton mt trn. + Sau cuc phn cng Cuc-xc (5.7 23.8.1942) Hng qun lin tc tn cng n 6.1944 gii phng phn ln lnh th LX. - Mt trn Bc Phi: + T thng 3 n 5.1943 Lin qun Anh M tn cng qut sch qun c Italia khi chu Phi. + Thng 7.1943 qun ng minh chim o Xixilia, bt giam Mt-x-li-ni, pht xt Italia sp . - Thi Bnh Dng: + T 8.1942 n 1.1943 M nh bi qun Nht o Gu-a-an-ca-nan, chim mt s o TBD. 2. Pht xt c b tiu dit. Nht Bn u hng. Chin tranh kt thc. - Chu u:

+ u nm 1944 Hng qun Lin X tng phn cng trn cc mt trn qut sch qun xm lc khi lnh th, gii phng cc nc ng u v tin st bin gii c. + H 1944 Anh M m mt trn pha Ty, gii phng nc Php v mt s nc Ty u. + Thng 1.1945 Hng qun Lin X bt u tn cng c pha ng. + Thng 2.1945 Anh M tn cng c pha Ty n thng 4.1945 qun Anh M v Lin X gp nhau Toc gu. + Ngy 30.4.1945 Hng qun Lin x chim ta nh Quc hi c, ngy 9.5.1945 c k vn bn u hng ng minh, chin tranh kt thc Chu u. - Chu Thi Bnh Dng. + u 1944 lin qun Anh M chim Min in, Phi-lip-pin tn cng Nht Bn. + Ngy 6.8.1945 M nm bom nguyn t xung Hi-r-si-ma lm 8 vn ngi cht. + Ngy 8.8.1945 Hng qun Lin x tn cng tiu dit i qun Quan ng ca Nht Trung Quc. + Ngy 9.8.1945 M tip tc nm bom nguyn t xung Na-ga-xa-ki lm 2 vn ngi cht. + Ngy 15.8.1945 Nht Bn u hng ng minh khng iu kin. Chin tranh th gii II kt thc. V. KT CC CA CHIN TRANH TH GII TH HAI. - Chin tranh kt thc vi s sp hon ton ca ch ngha pht xt c, Italia v Nht Bn.. - Thng li ny thuc v cc dn tc trn th gii kin cng u tranh chng pht xt, trong Anh, M, Lin x ng vai tr tr ct trong vn tiu dit CNPX. - Chin tranh li hu qu nng n cho nhn loi, chin tranh kt thc m ra thi k mi trong lch s th gii ST