Lun vn cao hc TVT 2004 2006

MC LC
CC HNH V, BNG BIU TRONG LUN VN ..............................5
THUT NG TING ANH ......................................................................7
LI GII THIU .......................................................................................8
CHNG 1: M U..............................................................................9
1.1. C s nghin cu v mc ch ca lun vn ...................................9
1.2. T chc lun vn............................................................................10
CHNG 2:TNG QUAN CC K THUT NN TRONG M HO
NH ..........................................................................................................11
2.1. Gii thiu chung v nn nh s .....................................................11
2.2. Phn loi cc k thut nn .............................................................13
2.2.1. Nn tn hao v khng tn hao ................................................13
2.2.2. M ho d on v m ho da trn php bin i................13
2.2.3. M ho bng con.....................................................................14
2.3. Tiu chun nh gi cht lng m ho nh .................................14
2.4.Cc k thut nn c tn hao............................................................15
2.4.1. K thut m ho bng con ......................................................15
2.4.2. K thut m ho da trn php bin i.................................19
2.4.2.1. K thut m ho da trn php bin i DCT.................19
2.4.2.2. K thut m ho da trn php bin i DWT ...............25
CHNG 3:C S L THUYT BIN I WAVELET...................30
3.1. C s ton hc ...............................................................................30
3.1.1. Bin i Wavelet lin tc........................................................30
3.1.2. Bin i Wavelet ri rc .........................................................32
3.2. Tnh cht ca bin i Wavelet......................................................33
3.3. Gii thiu mt s h Wavelet ........................................................37
3.3.1. Bin i Wavelet Haar ............................................................37
3.3.2. Bin i Wavelet Meyer .........................................................38

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3.3.3. Bin i Wavelet Daubechies .................................................38

3.4. Mt s ng dng ni bt ca Wavelet ...........................................39
3.4.1. Nn tn hiu.............................................................................39
3.4.2. Kh nhiu ...............................................................................40
3.4.3. M ho ngun v m ho knh ...............................................40
CHNG 4:CHUN NN NH TNH DA TRN BIN I
WAVELET JPEG2000..........................................................................41
4.1. Lch s ra i v pht trin chun JPEG2000...............................41
4.2. Cc tnh nng ca JPEG2000 ........................................................41
4.3. Cc bc thc hin nn nh theo chun JPEG2000 .....................42
4.3.1. X l trc bin i................................................................42
4.3.2. Bin i lin thnh phn .........................................................42
4.3.3. Bin i ring thnh phn (bin i Wavelet) ........................43
4.3.4.Lng t ho - Gii lng t ho............................................44
4.3.5. M ho v kt hp dng d liu sau m ho ..........................45
4.3.6. Phng php m ho SPIHT ..................................................45
4.3.7. Phng php m ho EZW .....................................................47
4.4. So snh chun JPEG2000 vi JPEG v cc chun nn nh tnh
khc .......................................................................................................49
CHNG 5:NG DNG WAVELET TRONG CC DCH V D
LIU A PHNG TIN TRONG THNG TIN DI NG ...............54
5.1. Nn nh bng Wavelet ...................................................................54
5.2.1. S khi tng qut...............................................................54
5.1.2. Bin i Wavelet.....................................................................55
5.1.3. Tnh ton nng lng tiu hao................................................56
5.2. Thut ton nn nh bng Wavelet hiu nng - EEW .....................58
5.2.1. Hiu nng ca cc k thut loi b.........................................60
5.3.2. Cc kt qu thc nghim ........................................................62
5.3.2.1. nh hng n nng lng tnh ton v cht lng nh 62
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5.3.2.2. nh hng n nng lng truyn thng v cht lng

nh.................................................................................................62
5.4. Cc tham s nn nh bng Wavelet ...............................................62
5.4.1. Thay i mc bin i Wavelet ..............................................62
5.4.2. Thay i cc mc lng t .....................................................62
5.5. Truyn nh trn mng ...................................................................62
5.5.1. Phng php la chn tham s ng......................................62
5.5.2. Kt qu thc nghim...............................................................62
KT LUN...............................................................................................63
Kt qu t c v ng dng ca lun vn.........................................63
Hng pht trin nghin cu ................................................................63
PH LC..................................................................................................65
TI LIU THAM KHO ........................................................................66

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CC HNH V, BNG BIU TRONG LUN VN

Hnh 2.1 S b khi qut h thng nn nh.........................................12
Hnh 2.2. S minh ho k thut m ho bng con M bng con .......16
Hnh 2.3 Minh ho qu trnh phn ly bng con cy bt phn...................17
Hnh 2.4. Phn ly hai nh mu thnh bn bng con .................................18
Hnh 2.5. S b m ho theo chun JPEG ..........................................23
Hnh 2.6. Sp xp Zigzag cc h s DCT b m ho............................23
Hnh 2.7. S khi b gii m theo chun JPEG..................................23
Hnh 2.8. Bank lc khi phc l thuyt s dng DWT 1D ......................28
Hnh 2.9. Minh ho DWT hai chiu cho nh ............................................28
Hnh 2.10(a). Minh ho DWT kiu dyadic mc 3 nn nh..................28
Hnh 2.10(b). Minh ho DWT kiu dyadic mc 3 nn nh..................29
Hnh 3.1. Minh ho li nh t dyadic vi cc gi tr ca m v n............33
Hnh 3.2. Phn tch a phn gii p dng cho biu din tn hiu .............36
Hnh 3.3. Hm ( t ) ca bin i Haar ....................................................38
Hnh 3.4: Hm ( t ) ca bin i Meyer..................................................38
Hnh 3.5. Hm ( t ) ca h bin i Daubechies n vi n=2, 3, 7, 8........39
Hnh 4.1: Trnh t m ho (a) v gii m JPEG2000 (b).........................42
Hnh 4.2: Minh ho nh vi RGB v YCrCb ...........................................43
Hnh 4.3: Phng php Lifting 1D dng tnh ton bin i Wavelet.......44
Hnh 4.4: Minh ho cy t phn (a) v s phn mc (b)..........................47
Hnh 4.5: Hai cch sp xp th t cc h s bin i...............................48
Hnh 4.6: So snh JPEG v JPEG2000....................................................50
Bng 4.1: So snh JPEG v JPEG2000 ...................................................51
Hnh 4.7: Minh ho tnh nng ROI ...........................................................52
Bng 4.2: So snh tnh nng ca JPEG2000 vi cc chun nn nh tnh
khc ...........................................................................................................53
Hnh 5.1. S khi qu trnh nn nh bng Wavelet .............................54
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Hnh 5.2. (a) Bin i Wavelet 2D mc 3 v (b) Minh ho bng nh

CASTLE ................................................................................................56
Hnh 5.3. Phn b s hc cc h s thng cao sau php bin i Wavelet
mc 2.........................................................................................................59
Hnh 5.4: D liu sau php bin i Wavelet vi hai k thut loi b HH
v H* .........................................................................................................61

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THUT NG TING ANH

CWT

Bin i Wavelet lin tc (Continuous Wavelet Transform)

DCT

Bin i Cosine ri rc (Discrete Cosine Transform)

DFT

Bin i Fourier ri rc (Discrete Fourier Transform)

DPCM

iu xung m vi sai (Differized Pulse Code Modulation)

DWT

Bin i Wavelet ri rc (Discrete Wavelet Transform)

EZW

Wavelet cy zero (Embedded Zerotree Wavelet)

HVS

H thng cm nhn hnh nh ca mt ngi

(Human Visual System)

IDWT

Bin i Wavelet ri rc ngc

JPEG

Chun nn nh ca y ban JPEG quc t

(Joint Photographic Experts Group)

JPEG2000

Chun nn nh JPEG2000

Lossless Compression

K thut nn nh khng tn hao (khng mt d liu)

Lossy Compression

K thut nn nh c tn hao (c mt d liu)

MRA

Phn tch a phn gii (Multi Resolution Analysis)

MSE

Sai s bnh phng trung bnh (Mean Square Error)

PCM

iu xung m (Pulse Code Modulation)

PSNR

T s tn hiu nh trn nhiu (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)

QMF

Lc gng cu t phng (Quardrature Mirror Filters)

RLC

M ho lot di (Run Length Coding)

ROI

K thut m ha nh theo vng (Region Of Interest) Mt

tnh nng mi ni bt ca JPEG2000

SPIHT

Phng php m ho phn cp theo vng

(Set partitioning in hierarchical trees)

STFT

Bin i Fourier thi gian ngn (Short Time Fourier

Transform)
Wavelet

Bin i bng con Wavelet

Wavelet Decomposition Cy phn gii Wavelet

Tree

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LI GII THIU
Trong nhng nm gn y, nhu cu cc dch v d liu trn mng
di ng, nht l d liu a phng tin l rt ln. Cng vi nhu cu ,
vn t ra l lm th no tm c mt k thut m ho d liu then
cht (chun), c hiu qu truyn cc d liu ny trn mng di ng.
Mc ch ca lun vn l trnh by mt k thut nn nh s dng
bin i Wavelet cho nh tnh v c bit l nh tnh trong cc dch v d
liu a phng tin trong mng di ng. So vi cc k thut nn s dng
php bin i trc y nh bin i Fourier (FT), bin i cosine ri rc
(DCT), bin i xp chng (LT),.., bin i Wavelet (DWT) c nhiu u
im khng ch trong x l nh m cn nhiu ng dng khc. Bng
chng l s ra i ca chun nn JPEG2000 (da trn DWT) c tnh nng
vt tri so vi JPEG (DCT). Tuy nhin chun JPEG, MPEG hay ngay
c JPEG2000 cng ch tp trung vo hiu qu nn (t s nn) v cht
lng nh m khng ch n nng lng tiu hao trong qu trnh x l
v truyn trn mng. Trong lun vn trnh by mt k thut nn nh
trong mng di ng s dng bin i Wavelet hiu nng khng ch em
li hiu qu nn, cht lng hnh nh m cn tit kim nng lng x l
ca h thng. iu ny ha hn c th xy dng mt b m ho nh tit
kim nng lng x l, thi gian truyn m vn ph hp vi iu kin
bng thng thp, rng buc v cht lng d liu trong cc mng thng
tin di ng.

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CHNG 1: M U
1.1. C s nghin cu v mc ch ca lun vn
c th s dng cc dch v Internet khng dy cng nh nhiu
dch v d liu khc trn nn cc ng dng di ng cn c mt k thut
then cht c th h tr truyn thng nhiu dng d liu trong thng tin
di ng t bo nh: thoi, vn bn, hnh nh v video. Tuy nhin vn
truyn thng ni dung a phng tin trong thng tin di ng gp mt s
kh khn: bng thng ca mng di ng t bo, nhiu knh, gii hn ca
pin cho cc ng dng, tnh tng thch d liu gia cc thu bao. Trong
khi vic ci thin bng thng di ng cn mt cng ngh mi ca tng
lai cn vic ci thin gii hn ca pin khng p ng c s pht trin
ca cc dch v tng lai, th phng php gim kch thc d liu bng
cc k thut nn l mt cch tip cn hiu qu gii quyt cc kh khn
trn.
Mc d cho n nay c rt nhiu k thut nn d liu a phng
tin nh: chun JPEG (da trn bin i DCT), chun JPEG2000 (da
trn bin i Wavelet) v chun MPEG, tuy nhin nhng k thut ny ch
tp trung vo hiu qu nn v c gng nh mt cht lng nh t v th
chng b qua vn tiu hao nng lng trong qu trnh nn v truyn
RF (trong thng tin ng). Lun vn ny trnh by mt k thut hiu qu
khc phc nhng kh khn trn cho loi d liu a phng tin in
hnh trong thng tin di ng l nh tnh. l k thut nn nh s dng
bin i Wavelet thch nghi v hiu nng cho d liu a phng tin
trong thng tin di ng.

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Lun vn cao hc TVT 2004 2006

1.2. T chc lun vn

Lun vn c trnh by thnh 5 chng v 1 ph lc. Chng 1,
tc gi trnh by tm tt c s nghin cu v mc ch cng nh t chc
ca lun vn.
Chng 2 trnh by khi qut cc k thut nn nh, phn loi cc
nguyn l nn v nh ngha mt s thut ng c s dng rng ri nh
MSE, PSNR v SNR. Chng ny cng trnh by c s l thuyt ca cc
nguyn l nn c tn hao in hnh nh: m ho bng con; m ho da
trn bin i cosine ri rc (DCT), bin i xp chng (LT), bin i
Wavelet ri rc (DWT).
Chng 3 trnh by c s ton hc, tnh cht ca bin i Wavelet.
Ni dung ca chng ny l l thut nn tng cho cc ng dng Wavelet.
Chng ny cng a ra mt s h Wavelet ph bin v gii thiu mt s
ng dng ni bt ca Wavelet ngoi ng dng nn nh.
Chng 4 gii thiu tng quan v chun nn JPEG2000 da trn
bin i Wavelet. Mc ch khng ch l gii thiu mt chun nn vt
tri so vi chun JPEG da trn bin i DCT m cn a ra mt la
chn gii quyt bi ton t ra trong lun vn. JPEG2000 ang tng bc
c t chc ISO cng nhn nn chc chn s tr thnh mt chun nn
ph bin trong cc ng dng di ng tng lai. Cng trong chng ny,
tc gi trnh by tm tt cc bc thc hin nn nh theo JPEG200 v so
snh n vi chun JPEG v cc chun nn nh tnh khc.
Chng 5 cng l chng quan trng nht. Da trn k thut nn
nh bng Wavelet, lun vn a ra mt thut ton bin i nh bng
Wavelet hiu nng lm gim ng k nng lng tnh ton v truyn
thng cn thit cho nh m vn m bo c cht lng bc nh (v
nh vy gim c gi thnh dch v).

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