Cong Nghe SX Duong (Can Bang Day Chuyen)

n tt nghip
GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh
M U
c ta l mt nc c truyn thng sn xut ng t lu i. Theo thi gian

cng vi s pht trin ca ngnh ng trn th gii, ngh lm ng ca
nc ta cng pht trin mnh m c v s lng, cht lng cng nh k thut canh
tc, ch bin [12].
Hin nay, nhu cu tiu dng ng ca nc ta hng nm tng 15%, nh vy
theo d tnh n nm 2010, Vit Nam s cn khong 1,6-1,7 triu tn ng, trong
khi nhng nm gn y ngnh ma ng Vit Nam ang phi rt cht vt gi sn
xut n nh 1 triu tn ng/nm.
p ng nhu cu tiu th ng tng nhanh nh vy, B Nng nghip v
Pht trin nng thn ang chun b trnh Chnh ph ph duyt tng quan pht trin
ma ng Vit Nam n nm 2010 v tm nhn n nm 2020, trong c vn
x l cc nh my ng c quyt nh ngng hot ng, vn m rng v xy
dng mi cc nh my ng nhm tng nng lc cnh tranh trong qu trnh hi
nhp AFTA (khu vc mu dch t do ASEAN ) v WTO l nhng nhim v trng
tm. nh hng trc mt l trong mt thi gian sm nht phi t tc c ng,
chm dt nhp khu v tin ti c xut khu [12].
Nh vy d n u t xy dng thm nh my ng mi vi cng ngh hin
i l cn thit.
ng sacacaro c s dng nhm tha mn:
- Nhu cu trong i sng hng ngy ca ngi dn.
- Ngun nguyn liu cho cc ngnh cng nghip khc: sn xut bnh ko, sa,
hp, nc gii khtDo cng nghip Vit Nam ang c tc pht trin cao (trn 8
%), nht l khi gia nhp WTO, tham gia AFTA nn nhu cu s dng ng cng
tng theo.
Ngoi ra cc ph liu v ph phm trong qu trnh sn xut ng nh: b, mt
r, bn lc c s dng sn xut phn bn, thc n gia sc, ru cn, sn phm
si, bt giy, vn p
Nc ta nm trong vng kh hu nhit i, nhiu vng t ai t Bc n Nam
rt thun tin cho pht trin trng ma, nht l cc tnh ven bin min Trung v ng
Nam b. V th ngnh sn xut ng ma c tim nng rt ln. Nhng chng ta vn
phi nhp khu ng v hng nm lng ng nhp lu cng tng ng vi
nhp chnh ngch, l mt nghch l. Nguyn nhn ca tnh trng ny l do phong
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
Thit k nh my ng th hin i
n tt nghip
tro xy dng t cc nh my ng khi thc hin Chng trnh quc gia 1 triu
tn ng trong nhng nm 1990 m thiu chin lc lu di, thiu qui hoch vng
ma nguyn liu nn tnh trng thiu ma nguyn liu xy ra thng xuyn ti hu ht
cc nh my lm cc nh my hot ng khng ht cng sut thit k, phn ln cc
nh my c cng ngh sn xut lc hu nn hiu qu sn xut thp. Hin nay c nc
c 37 nh my ang hot ng nhng ch c mt s nh my nh: Lam Sn, Ngh
An Tatte&Lyle, Bourbon Ty Ninh c qui hoch vng ma nguyn liu tt nn
thng xuyn c nguyn liu hot ng ht cng sut, cc nh my cn li phi
hot ng cm chng trong tnh trng thua l trin min.
T nhng phn tch trn cho thy, nu xy dng nh my ng s dng cng
ngh hin i, c tnh ton qui hoch pht trin vng ma nguyn liu tt th nh my
s hot ng hiu qu gp phn gii quyt lng ng thiu ht, gii quyt vic lm
cho ngi dn.
V vy ti Thit k nh my sn xut ng th hin i, nng sut 2350 tn
ma/ngy l cn thit v kh thi.
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
Chng 1
LP LUN KINH T K THUT
1.1. c im t nhin ca v tr xy dng nh my
Khu cng nghip Nam ng H c Th Tng chnh ph cho php thnh lp
thng 4 nm 2004 phng ng Lng th x ng H cch trung tm th x 2 km
v pha nam, cch cng Ca Vit 12 km, nm cnh ga ng H v quc l 1A, Cch
sn bay Ph Bi Hu 81 km, Cch sn bay Quc t Nng 170 km. c bit khu
cng nghip Nam ng H gn ng xuyn v cch Khu Kinh T Thng Mi
c bit Lao Bo 51 km. Khu cng nghip gn sng Hiu l ngun cung cp nc
thun li [13].
V iu kin kh hu ca tnh Qung Tr nm trong khu vc nhit i m gi
ma v l vng chuyn tip gia hai min kh hu Bc- Nam, c s phn ho ca a
hnh nghing dn t Ty sang ng cng vi v tr a l v quy nh c th kh hu
Qung Tr [13]
1.2. Ngun cung cp nguyn liu
Vi v tr ca nh my th ngun nguyn liu c thu mua t nhiu vng trong
tnh nh cc phng trong th x, t cc huyn pha nam l Triu Phong, Hi Lng,
Cc huyn pha bc nh Gio Linh, Vnh Linh nh tuyn quc l 1A chy xuyn qua
lm cho vic vn chuyn nguyn liu rt d dng v thun li. Cch nh my v pha
ty l cc huyn Cam L, akarong, Hng Ho c ngun t ai mu m v c
Quc l 9 lm tuyn ng chnh vn chuyn.
1.3. Ngun cung cp hi - nc
Nc l nhn t khng th thiu trong qu trnh sn xut ng. Nc c s
dng nu ng, cung cp cho l hi, dng v sinh nh my, cho sinh hot
Ngun cung cp nc cho nh my ly t sng Hiu v h thng nc ca khu
cng nghip nu cn. ph hp vi mc ch s dng khc nhau phi c bin php
x l nc thch hp. Thng thng nc ly t sng phi qua 2 qu trnh x l l
qu trnh lng loi cht thi c hc (bn, rm rc ) v qu trnh lc t cc
ch tiu ha l thch hp. Ngun cung cp hi c ly t l hi ca nh my. Ngoi
ra c th tn dng nc ngng t ti s dng, l nc ngng t ca hiu bc
hi thng qua kim tra hm lng ng hp l. Trong nh my hi c s dng
cung cp cho xng in ca nh my, cc ni nu, h thng gia nhit, cc tuabin ca
thit b p
1.4. Ngun cung cp nhin liu
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
Trong nh my ng, l hi s dng nhiu nhin liu nht. Nhin liu dng
t l hi l b ma t cng on p. Tuy nhin, lc khi ng my thi k u
ma v khng c b ma th cn c lng nhin liu khc nh du FO, ci t. Ngoi
ra cn xng du cho cc thit b vn chuyn, du nht bi trn cc thit b. Nhin liu
c th mua t cc nh cung cp gn nh my.
1.5. Kh nng hp tc ha
Nh my ng trong khu cng nghip nn kh nng hp tc ha rt cao. Sn
phm ca nh my l ng th c th cung cp cho xut khu v lm nguyn liu
sn xut ng tinh luyn. Trong khu cng nhip cn c nh my sn xut phn bn
vi sinh, nh my giy, nh my cn c th s dng ph phm ca nh my nh: mt
r, bn lc, b. S hp tc gip qu trnh tiu th sn phm nhanh chng thun tin,
tit kim ph vn chuyn, nng cao hiu qu kinh t. Ngoi ra s hp tc cng gip
tng cng s dng cc c s h tng, cc cng trnh in nc.
1.6. Ngun tiu th sn phm
Ngun cung ca th trng ng trong nc ang thiu, hng nm u phi
nhp khu m nhu cu s dng ng tng 15% hng nm nn vn tiu th sn
phm khng kh khn. Sn phm ca nh my c cung cp cho nhu cu s dng
hng ngy, lm nguyn liu cho cc nh my ch bin thc phm khc nh: Nh my
ch bin bnh ko, ch bin sa, cho cc nh my ng tinh luyn... V th trng
c th cho nh my, sn phm ngoi tiu th ti th trng Qung Tr cn c th phn
phi ti cc tnh Bc Trung B nh: Qung Bnh, H Tnh, Tha Thin Hu, v cc
Tnh thnh khc nh Thnh Ph Nng, Qung Nam
1.7. iu kin giao thng vn ti
i vi nh my ng iu kin giao thng vn ti ht sc quan trng, nh
my cn vn chuyn mt lng ln nguyn liu, nhin liu n nh my ng thi
phi vn chuyn thnh phm, ph phm n ni tiu th.
H thng giao thng thun li gip gim ph vn chuyn.
Nh my nm trong khu cng nghip nm cnh quc l 1A v Quc l 9, gn ga
ng H, mng li giao thng lin huyn quanh nh my c xy dng hon
chnh, ngha l h thng giao thng rt thun li.
1.8. Ngun cung cp nhn lc
Khu cng nghip l ni tp trung nhiu lao ng c trnh . Nh my s dng
cng ngh hin i nn cn t cng nhn. Lng cng nhn cn thit c th tuyn t
nhiu ngun v phi qua o to nu cn. Cn i nh cn b k thut, qun l iu
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
hnh tuyn t ngun tt nghip ti cc trng i hc.Vic xy dng nh my

gip gii quyt vic lm cho mt lng lao ng d tha trong khu vc.
1.9. X l nc thi v cc cht thi khc
Trong nh my ng thi ra mt lng ln nc thi nh: nc thi t cc
thit b, nc v sinh cng nghip, nc thi sinh hotNc thi t nh my cha
nhiu thnh phn phc tp bao gm c cht v c v hu c, l mi trng thun li
cho vi sinh vt pht trin, rt d gy nhim mi trng v ngun nc ngm. V
vy phi x l t tiu chun trc khi thi vo h thng nc thi ca khu cng
nghip.
S H THNG X L NC THI
Khu vc
p
Khu l hi
Nc thi sinh hot
Khu kim tra sn xut

Nc thi ra thit b
Li chn
rc
B trung
ha
Tuyn ni
du m
B lc bng
ct
Nc x
l
B x l
sinh hc
Bn
Sn xut phn
vi sinh
Ngoi ra cn ngun cht thi khc l rc, phi thu gom v x l nh k.

Kh thi nh my cha nhiu bi, khi t l hi, l sy v cc thit b khc. Phi
x l bng xiclon tch bi v cc thit b x l thch hp kh thi t tiu chun kh
thi cng nghip theo tiu chun qui nh.
1.10. Nng sut nh my
Nng sut nh my 2350 tn ma/ngy. Vi a im v cc iu kin u vo
ca nh my nh: ngun nguyn liu, nc, nh phn tch trn th hon ton
c th p ng cc cc iu kin cho nh my hot ng vi nng sut ny.
Tm li: Vi cc iu kin nu trn th kh nng xy dng mt nh my
ng th ti phng ng Lng th x ng H tnh Qung Tr vi nng sut
2350 tn ma/ ngy l hon ton c th, gp phn kch thch s pht trin ca cc
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
ngnh sn xut khc trong h thng cm sn xut cng nghip ca tnh qua thc
y s pht trin kinh t ca tnh nh.
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
Chng 2
TNG QUAN
2.1. ng sacaroza
Sacaroza l thnh phn quan trng nht ca ma, l sn phm ca cng nghip
sn xut ng, l mt disacarit c cng thc C12H22O11. Trng lng phn t ca
sacaroza l 342,30.
Sacaroza c cu to t hai ng n l ,d glucoza v ,d fructoza.
Sacaroza c tnh c ch rt mnh trong vic tng hp vitamin B1 trong c th.
Dng ng qu nhiu khng c li, nht l i vi ngi lao ng nng, v nu
b sung vitamin B1 khng , khi chuyn ho gluxit sinh a lactat, d tng mt mi.
Ngoi ra nu n nhiu ng qu trong mt lc, lng ng trong mu tng t
ngt n 200 400 mg% (gii hn l 80 120 mg%), t bo tu s khng to
lng insulin lm cho vic chuyn glucoza thnh glucogen d tr gan v c,
thn s lm vic qu ti v ng theo nc gii ra ngoi [3, tr 11].
2.1.1. Tnh cht l hc ca sacaroza
Tinh th ng sacaroza thuc h n t, trong sut khng mu. T trng
1,5878, nhit nng chy 186-188oC.
Nu ta a t t n nhit nng chy, ng bin thnh dng c st trong
sut. Nu ko di thi gian un hoc em un nhit cao, ng s b mt nc
ri b thu phn bin thnh caramen.
- ho tan ca ng sacaroza trong nc tng theo chiu tng nhit .
Bng 2.1. ho tan ca sacaroza trong nc
Nhit
ho tan
Nhit
ho tan
(oC)
(g sacaroza/100g nc)
(0C)
(g sacaroza/100g nc)
0
179,20
60
287,36
10
190,50
70
302,50
20
203,90
80
362,20
30
219,50
90
415,70
40
238,10
100
487,20
50
260,10
- ho tan ca sacaroza cn ph thuc vo cc cht khng ng c trong
dung dch ng. ng sacaroza khng ho tan trong du ho, cloroform, CCl4,
CS2, benzen, tecpen, ancol, glixerin khan. Trong dung dch ancol c nc, sacaroza
ho tan mt t. ng sacaroza cn ho tan gii hn trong anilin, piridin, etyl axetat,
amyl axetat, phenol v amoniac.
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
- nht ca dung dch ng tng theo chiu tng nng v gim theo chiu
tng nhit .
- Nhit dung ring ca sacaroza tnh theo cng thc C= 4,18 x (0,2387+
0,00173t) kj/ kg . Nhit dung ring trung bnh ca sacaroza t 22-51oC l 0,3019.
- Dung dch sacaroza c quay cc bn phi. quay cc ring ca sacaroza t
ph thuc vo nng v nhit . Do rt thun tin cho vic xc nh ng
bng phng php phn cc.
Tr s quay cc ca sacaroza [ ]20 = + 66,469 + 0,00870C 0,00235C2 (C:
nng sacaroza trong 100ml nc ). Tr s quay cc trung bnh ca sacaroza [ ]20
= 66,5o.
Kim, mui ca axit yu lm gim quay cc ca sacaroza [3, tr 12].
2.1.2. Tnh cht ho hc ca sacaroza
- Tc dng vi axit: di tc dng ca axit, sacaroza b thu phn thnh glucoza
v fructoza theo phn ng:
+
C12H22O11 + H2O [H ]
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Sacaroza
Glucoza
Fructoza
+ 66,5o
+52,5o
- 93,0o
Hn hp c gc quay tri ngc vi gc quay phi ca sacaroza. Do phn
ng trn l phn ng nghch o v hn hp l ng nghch o.
- Tc dng ca kim: phn t ng sacaroza khng c nhm hydroxyl glucozit
nn khng c tnh kh. Khi tc dng vi kim hoc kim th, sacaroza to thnh
sacarat. Trong sacarat, hydro ca nhm hydroxyl c thay th bng kim loi. Nh
vy trong mi trng ny c th coi sacaroza nh mt axit yu. Phn ng to sacarat
ph thuc vo: nng ca dung dch, lng kim v lng sacaroza.
Trong dung dch m c v kim d, sacaroza s to nn nhiu sacarat.
C12H22O11 + NaOH
HOH + NaC12H21O11
Khi tc dng vi vi s thu c cc phc sacarat nh sau:
C12H22O11.CaO.H2O: monocanxi sacarat
D ho tan trong nc
C12H22O11.2CaO.2H2O: dicanxi sacarat
C12H22O11.3CaO.3H2O: tricanxi sacarat. t ho tan trong nc nn c ng dng
ly ng sacaroza ra khi r ng c ci.
trong dung dch kim long v dung dch ng lnh hu nh khng c tc
dng. Nu kim c v nhit thp, ng cng b phn gii. pH = 8-9 v un
nng mt thi gian, sacaroza b phn hy thnh hp cht c mu vng v mu nu.
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
Trong mi trng kim nhit cao, ng b phn hu to ra cc axit v cht

mu....Tc phn hu tng theo pH, nhit si (trong 1h) v pH = 8-9
sacaroza ch b phn hu 0,05%. Nu cng nhit trn nhng pH = 12 th s phn
hu tng 0,5%.
ng b phn hu %
1,5
1
0,5
8pH 9 10 11 12
Hnh 3.1: S phn hu sacaroza theo pH

S phn hu v to thnh cc sn phm c mu thng do nhng phn ng sau:
C12H22O11- H2O C12H20O10- H2O C12H18O9 - 2H
C362O
H50O25
- H2O
Sacaroza
Izosacaran
Caramelan
Caramelan
(khng mu)
(khng mu) Ehrlich sacaran
- H2O
- H2O
- 19nH2O
C36H48O24
C96H102O50
(C12H8O4 )n hoc (C3H2O)
Caramelin
Humin
(Schiff)
Cht mu caramen c coi nh l hp cht humin. l s polyme ho mc
khc nhau ca - anhidrit [3, tr 14].
3.2 C s l thuyt ca qu trnh lm sch
2.2.1. Tc dng ca pH
2.2.1.1. Ngng kt cht keo
Keo tn ti trong nc ma trng thi n nh khi keo mang in tch hoc c
lp nc bao bc bn ngoi. Keo s ngng kt li nu mt cc tnh cht trn.
ngng kt keo thng cho vo nc ma nhng cht in li thay i pH ca mi
trng, keo hp ph cht in li v trung ho v in. lc , keo mt trng thi n
nh v ngng kt.
2.2.1.2. Lm chuyn ho ng sacaroza

Khi nc ma mi trng axit s lm chuyn ho ng sacaroza to thnh
hn hp ng glucoza v fructoza gi l phn ng nghch o:
C12H22O11 + H2O
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
10
Sacaroza
glucoza fructoza
Tc chuyn ho tng theo s tng nng [H+] trong nc ma
2.2.1.3. Lm phn hu ng sacaroza
Trong mi trng kim, di tc dng ca nhit , sacaroza b phn hu. Khi
pH cng cao lng cht phn hu cng ln. Sn phm phn hu sacaroza rt phc
tp: fufurol, 5 hidroximetylfucfurol, axit lacic, axit axetic...Nhng sn phm c
th tip tc b oxi ho di tc dng ca oxi khng kh.
2.2.1.4. Lm phn hu ng kh
Trong nc ma hn hp c chng 0,3 2,4% ng kh tn ti tng i n
nh trong mi trng axit. Khi pH > 7 s pht sinh cc phn ng phn hu ng
kh, s phn hu ph thuc vo pH hay nhit .
2.2.1.5. Tch loi cc cht khng ng
Vi pH khc nhau c th tch loi cc cht khng ng khc nhau.
Khi pH = 7 10, cc mui v c ca Al2O3, P2O5, SiO2... d b tch loi. Khi pH
= 7 tch loi c 50% cht keo (pentozan). pH = 5,6 trn 98% protein c th b tch
loi, nu vt qu gi tr , hiu qu lm sch thp.
2.2.1.6. Tc dng ca nhit
Loi khng kh trong nc ma, gim s to bt. Tng nhanh cc qu trnh phn
ng ho hc. Tc dng tit trng, phng s ln men axit v s xm nhp ca vi
sinh vt vo nc ma. Gim t trng nc ma, ngng t cht keo, tng tc lng
cht kt ta.
2.2.1.7. Tc dng ca vi
Trung ho cc axit hu c v v c, to cc im ng in ngng kt mt s
cht keo, lm tr phn ng axit ca nc ma hn hp, ngn nga chuyn ho ng
sacaroza.
Kt ta hoc ng t cc cht khng ng, c bit protein, pectin, cht mu v
nhng axit to mui khng tan, phn hu mt s cht khng ng, c bit ng
chuyn ho, amit.
Tc dng c hc: Kt ta to thnh c tc dng ko theo nhng cht l lng v
nhng cht khng ng khc.
St trng nc ma: vi kim khi c 0,35% CaO phn ln vi sinh vt khng
sinh trng, tuy nhin c trng hp phi dng n 0,8% CaO.
2.2.1.8. Tc dng ca P2O5
P2O5 kt hp vi vi to thnh kt ta photphat canxi:
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
11
Ca(H2PO4)2 + Ca(OH)2 = Ca3(PO4)2 + H3PO4 + H2O

Kt ta Ca3(PO4)2 c t trng ln, c kh nng hp ph cht keo v cht mu
cng kt ta.
Chng 3
CHN V THUYT MINH DY CHUYN CNG NGH
3.1. Chn phng php sn xut
3.1.1. Chn phng php lm sch
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
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12
Trong sn xut ng, tr phng php trao i ion, cc nh my ng hin

i s dng 3 phng php lm sch nc ma hn hp, l:
- Phng php vi lm sch nc ma ch di tc dng ca nhit v vi thu
sn phm l ng th.
- Phng php sunfit ho thng dng sn xut ng trng RS c th dng
sn xut ng th pol cao.
- Phng php cacbonat ho dng sn xut RE.
ng th l ng c tinh th mu vng, pol 96%. Qua qu trnh nghin
cu l thuyt, sn xut ng th c hai phng php lm sch l:
- Phng php SO2 kim nh
- Phng php vi
Phng php SO2 kim nh c hiu qu lm sch cao hn, loi cht khng
ng tt hn, nhng thit b v thao tc phc tp hn, ho cht tiu hao nhiu. Hn
na phng php ny sn xut ng trng, pol cao nhng sn xut ng th
khng cn sn xut ng qu trng, phng php ny khng kinh t.
So snh hai phng php trn cng vi thc t nh my nn ti chn phng
php vi lm phng php sn xut.
Trong phng php vi c 3 loi:
- Phng php cho vi vo nc ma lnh
a nc ma hn hp vo thng trung ha, ri cho sa vi vo khuy trn u
sao cho PH = 7,2 - 7,5. Sau un nc ma gia vi n 102 -105oC, ri lng thu
nc lng trong, nc bn a i p lc tn thu.
- Phng php cho vi vo nc ma nng
u tin un nc ma hn hp n 105oC lm ngng t mt s keo. Cho vi
vo thng trung ha khuy trn u kt ta c hon ton, sau loi cht kt
ta thit b lng.
- Phng php cho vi phn on.
Nc ma hn hp c gia vi 2 ln: gia vi s b, gia vi ln 2, un nng 2
ln: ln 1 nhit 90-105 oC sau khi gia vi s b, ln 2 nhit 100-105 oC sau
khi gia vi ln 2. Sau tch hi ri tch kt ta
Phng php cho vi vo nc ma lnh c hiu sut lm sch thp nht trong 3
phng php v tiu tn nhiu vi nht. Cn phng php cho vi vo nc ma
nng th mu nc ma d b m v so vi phng php cho vi phn on th vn
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
13
s dng nhiu vi hn. Phng php cho vi phn on nhiu u im hn c trong

3 phng php vi, va cho hiu qu lm sch tt li s dng t vi nht.
Phng php ny c s dng nhiu nht. Do ti chn phng php cho vi
phn on lm sch nc ma.
i vi qu trnh sn xut, lm sch ti chn phng php cho vi phn on,
ly nc ma ti chn phng php p v nu ti chn ch nu 3 h.
3.2. Dy chuyn cng ngh v thuyt minh

3.2.1. Dy chuyn cng ngh
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
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14
Qua nhng phn tch trn ti ngh mt dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut
ng th bng phng php cho vi phn on nh sau
Ma
Cn
Cu ma
Gia nhit 2 ( t0 =100-105oC)
Bn la
Tn hi
B vn
Bng ti ma
Lng
Nc bn
Cht tr lng
Dao bm1
Trn b
Lc chn khng
Bn
Nc ma trong
Dao bm 2
Nc lc trong
Bc hi
Gia nhit 3
My nh ti
0
nhiu ni
(115-120 C)
Nc thm thu
My pMt ch
Bng ti b
Nc ma hn hp
Lc kim tra
nh lng
Non B
Non A
Ca(OH
)2
Tr tinh
Mng phn phi
Ca(OH )2
Li tm
B vn
B th
tCl
Non
Gia vi s b Tr
( pH=
6-6,4)
tinh
H3PO
4
Tr
tinh
Gia nhit 1Mng

( t0 =70-75
phnoC)
phi
Mng phn phi
Gia vi ln 2Li
( pH=
tm 7,6-8,2)
ng A
Mt A
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
ng B
Lm ngui
Li tm
Mt B
ng C
Mt C
ng h
Sy thng
quay
Sng
Sng phn loi
Ha tan
ng bao
Bo qun
n tt nghip
15
3.2.2. Thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh

3.2.2.1. Thu nhn, x l v p ma
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
16
a. Thu nhn
Ma c vn chuyn v nh my ch yu bng xe ti, qua cn xc nh
trng lng, ri ly mu xc nh ch ng. Sau ma c a v bi tp
trung cho cn trc bc v phn phi vo bn la a ma xung bng ti. Cui bn
la c b phn san bng n nh lng ma xung bng ti.
b. X l ma
Mc ch ca qu trnh ny l ct x ma v nh ti ph v cu trc v thn
v lm v cc t bo, to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh p.
Bng ti a ma san bng n my ct x 1, sau khi qua my ct x 1, ma
c a n my ct x 2 vi h thng dao nhiu li hn tip tc bm ma thnh
nhng mnh nh hn trc khi n my nh ti.
Sau khi nh ti ma c a ln cao cho ri theo lp xung mt bng ti
khc, ti y s dng nam chm in loi vn st trnh hng trc p.
Hnh 3.1: My ct x ma [4, tr12] Hnh 3.2: My p ti kiu ba [4, tr 12]
c. p ma
Nhm thu lng nc mi n mc ti a c th.
H thng my p gm 1 my p dp v 4 my p kit. u tin ma c a
vo my p dp va c tc dng ly nc ma va lm cho ma dp vn hn v thu
nh th tch lp ma cho h thng my p sau lm vic n nh, tng nng sut,
hiu sut p v gim bt cng sut tiu hao. Sau b c bng ti nghing a ln
cao vo phu np b ca my p 2 v p tip. C nh vy qua my p 3,4,5 p
kit nc ma. Nc ma hn hp ly t my p 1 v 2 c thu v b cha ri dng
bm ln li lc sng cong loi cn, b nh v chy xung thng cha nc ma
hn hp. T y nc ma c bm i nh lng v sang cng on lm sch.
Trong khi p, ta s dng phng php thm thu kp thu trit lng
ng trong ma. Dng nc c nhit t = 45- 47oC phun vo b trc khi vo my
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
Nc nng
Nc ma hn hp
n tt nghip
17
p 5. Nc ma thu c t my p 5 phun vo b trc khi vo my p 4, cn nc

ma thu c t my p 4 phun vo b trc khi vo my p 3, v nc ma thu c
t my p 3 phun vo b trc khi vo my p 2.
Hnh 3.3: S h thng my p

B ma sau khi qua my p 4 c i qua bng ti li, trong qu trnh bng ti
chuyn ng nhng b vn ri xung di cn b ln n l hi lm nhin liu t
l. S dng my p t s hng.
Hnh 3.4: My p t s hng [14 ]

3.2.2.2. Lm sch v c c nc ma
Mc ch l nhm loi ti a nhng cht khng ng ra khi nc ma, c
bit cht keo v cht hot ng b mt.
a. Gia vi s b ( pH= 6-6,4)
Mc ch l nhm trung ha nc ma hn hp, to im ng in kt t mt s
keo v axit hu c, ty mu nc ma, c ch s pht trin ca mt s t bo vi sinh
vt, gim chuyn ho ng. Qu trnh ny s dng sa vi, nng 8 -10Be, hm
lng khong 0,2% so vi ma. Ngoi ra ph thuc vo nng P2O5 o c trong
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
18
nc ma hn hp, cng on ny c tin hnh b sung thm mt lng P2O5 nht

nh di dng axit H3PO4. S dng thit b trung ho c cnh khuy.
b. Gia nhit 1 (to = 90-105oC)
Mc ch ca cng on ny l nng nhit ca nc ma ln 90-105oC, gip tng
nhanh vn tc phn ng, tng kh nng hp th Ca(OH)2 vo nc ma gy ngng kt
mt s keo (do mt nuc), hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt.
Hnh 3.5: Thit b gia nhit ng chm [6, tr 113]

c. Gia vi ln 2 (pH=7,6-8,2)
Mc ch: to im ng in tip tc kt ta cc cht khng ng trong nc
ma. Phn hu mt s cht khng ng c bit l ng chuyn ho, amit. giai
on gia vi ln 2 Ca(OH)2 d s kt hp vi P2O5 trong nc ma hn hp theo
phng trnh phn ng sau:
Ca(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 = Ca3(PO4)2 + H2O
Ca3(PO4)2 to thnh c tc dng hp ph cc cht khng ng, cht mu cng
kt ta theo. S dng thit b gia vi nh gia vi s b .
d. Gia nhit 2 ( to= 100-105oC)
Mc ch nhm tiu dit vi sinh vt, lm gim nht ca dung dch, tng
nhanh tc lng, lm ngng kt cht keo, gim t trng nc ma to iu kin
thun li cho qu trnh lng tip theo din nhanh v hiu qu. S dng thit b gia
nhit nh gia nhit 1.
e. Lng
Mc ch nhm tch bn v cn ra khi nc ma hn hp thu c nc ma
trong. Thit b c s dng l thit b lng trng lc lm vic lin tc, huyn ph
lin tc cho vo thit b, nc trong v bn lin tc ly ra
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
19
Hnh 3.6: Thit b lng lin tc

f. Lc chn khng
Mc ch nhm thu hi ng cn st li trong bn lng thit b lng. lc
nc bn dng my lc chn khng thng quay, lp lc bng vi hoc bng kim loi.
Trc khi lc nc bn c trn vi mt lng nh b vn ma tng tc lc
ngn cn nhng cht kt ta li ti thng qua lp li lc i vo nc ma lc v lm
cho lp li lc tng i xp khng rn chc, lc tt. Lng vn b ma thng
chim 25-30% so vi cht kh bn lc tng ng 2,5kg vn b kh cho mt tn
ma. Nhit qu trnh lc l 85-900C.
Hnh 3.7: My lc chn khng lin tc [14]

g. Gia nhit 3 ( t0=110-115 oC)
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
20
Mc ch lm tng nhit nc ma n gn nhit si trc khi vo thit b

bc hi nhm gim lng nhit s dng thit b bc hi, gim thi gian bc hi.
Nng nhit nc ma ln 110 115oC. S dng thit b nh gia nhit 1.
h. Bc hi (c c)
Mc ch tch bt nc trong nc ma hn hp, to iu kin cho qu trnh nu
ng. S dng thit b c c ng tun hon trung tm, h c c nhiu ni.
Hnh 3.7: Thit b c c ng chm thng ng [6, tr 114]

i. Lc kim tra.
Sau khi lc chn khng nc ma trong thu c gi l ch trong, kim tra ta
tin hnh lc kim tra ln cui trc khi i gia nhit nhm nng cao hiu qu truyn
nhit, hn ch c s ng cn trong thit b truyn nhit v nu ng.
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
21
Hnh 3.8: Thit b lc ng [14]
3.2.2.3. Nu ng- tr tinh-li tm- thnh phm

a. Nu ng
Mc ch nhm tch bt nc a dung dch ng n qu bo ha thu tinh
th ng, c thc hin trong ni nu chn khng dng ng chm.
Hnh 3.9: Thit b nu [14]

* Nu non A
Nguyn liu nu non A l mt ch, ng h B v ng ct C ha tan. Nguyn
liu c cp vo ni tng m, nhit nu khong 70-72oC. Qu trnh nu chia lm
4 giai on:
- C c u: c c dung dch n nng cn thit chun b to mm tinh
th, thi gian c c u t 30-35 pht.
- To mm tinh th: khi thy nht dung dch tng, tin hnh to mm bng
cch dng ng B ha vi mt ch to thnh hn hp ging nu A, gi l
phng php ng h B.
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
22
- Nui tinh th: sau khi to tinh th cn khng ch khng cho tinh th mi
xut hin bng cch dng nc hoc nguyn liu b sung vo ni nu n nh h
s qu bo ha. Nui tinh th n kch thc nht nh.
- C c cui: khi tinh th t n kch thc yu cu th ngng b sung nguyn
liu, c c cho n khi ra ng ri ngng cp hi. S dng nc ra tinh th, kim
tra v tho ng xung thit b tr tinh.
Thi gian nu ng A: 2- 4 h/m.
* Nu non B
Ngun nguyn liu nu B gm mt ch, mt A. Cc nguyn liu c a vo
thng cha v duy tr nhit 75-80oC ri a vo ni nu theo tng m. Nhit
nu non B khong 72-75oC. u tin ging B c ht vo ni nu ( 6-8% so vi
ng non B). Sau m van hi v tip liu. Nhit nguyn liu nu a vo phi
cao hn nhit ni nu 3-5oC. Kt thc nu B x khi nu xung mng phn phi
n thng tr tinh. Thi gian nu non B: 4- 6 h/m.
* Nu non C
Nguyn liu nu non C l mt ch v mt B. Cc nguyn liu ny c cho vo
thng cha v duy tr nhit =75-80oC, c cp vo ni tng m vi nhit
nu 72-75 oC. Lng ging cho vo khong 22-23% so vi ng non C. Cn dng
nhiu nc ra non C do nht cao. Thi gian nu non C: 8-12h/m.
b. Tr tinh
ng non c nht cao nn rt kh kt tinh, ly c ng ta phi nu
trong thi gian di d gy ra hin tng caramen ho gy tn tht ng, hiu qu
thu hi thp. Tr tinh l kt tinh ng non ngoi ni nu ng trong cc thit b
lm lnh t nhin hoc cng bc nhm h nhit ca ng non to iu kin
cho s kt tinh ng xy ra, ng thi lm cho ng non thch ng vi iu kin
ly tm.
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
23
Hnh 3.9: Thit b tr tinh [14]
c. Li tm
Mc ch ca cng on li tm l tch tinh th ng ra khi mt bng lc li
tm. S dng my li tm t ng gin on li tm ng non A, B v my li tm
lin tc li tm ng non C.
a
b
Hnh 3.11: a, Thit b ly tm gin on - b, My li tm lin tc [14].
d. Sy ng
Mc ch: ng sau khi ly tm c m 0,2-2%, cn phi sy kh v lm ngui
ng mi c th ng bao v bo qun nu khng ng b t, ng cc khng
bo qun lu c.
bo qun ng, cn thc hin h s an ton khi bo qun:
H s an ton = Phn nc (%)/(100- Pol) [CNDM- nguyn ng]
Khi h s an ton 0,25 th ng bo qun. Nu ln hn 0,25 th ng bo
qun khng tt. Thit b c s dng l my sy thng quay nm ngang.
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
24
Hnh 3.13: Cu to my sy thng quay [2, tr 160]

e. Sng lm ngui
Nh h thng sng rung o ng trnh vn cc v ngui nhanh.
f. Phn loi
ng c phn loi nh sng rung, nhng ht khng t kch thc lt sng
phi a i nu li, nhng ht t a i xung phu ng bao.
g. ng bao, bo qun
Mc ch phn phi ng vo bao vi khi lng nht nh to iu kin cho
bo qun, vn chuyn v phn phi.
ng chy qua h thng cn t ng v chy vo bao, thng trng lng mi
bao 50 kg. Sau khi ng bao a vo kho xp thnh dy to iu kin cho thng gi,
sp xp theo nguyn tc bao a vo trc ly ra trc.
* Tiu chun cht lng sn phm ng th
1. Ch tiu cm quan
Yu cu
Ch tiu
Ngoi
hnh
Mi v
Mu sc
Hng 1
Hng 2
Tinh th vng n nu, kch thc tng i ng u, ti kh, khng
vn cc
Tinh th ng hoc dung dch ng trong nc c v ngt, khng c
mi l
Tinh th mu vng nu n Tinh th mu nu hoc nu en
nu.
Khi pha vo nc ct cho dung dch
Khi pha vo nc ct cho tng i trong
dung dch tng i trong
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
2.Ch tiu ha l
STT
1
2
3
4
5
25
Tn ch tiu
pol (oZ), khng nh hn

Hm lng ng kh, % khi lng (m/m), khng ln hn.
Tro dn in, % khi lng (m/m), khng ln hn.
S gim khi lng khi sy 105oC trong 3h, % khi lng
(m/m), khng ln hn.
mu, n v ICUMSA, khng ln hn
Chng 4
Mc
Hng 1 Hng 2
98,5
96,5
0,35
0.65
0,3
0,4
0,2
0,5
1000
2500
CN BNG VT CHT
S LIU BAN U ( theo nhim v thit k)
+ Hm lng sacaroza: 12,4 %
+ Cht khng ng : 2,9 %
+ Thnh phn x
: 11,8 %
+ GP b
: 76 %
+ m b : 48,7 %
+ Nc thm thu : 25%
+ Hiu sut p
: 96,4 %
4.1. Cng on p
Tnh cho G = 2350 tn. Qui c gi sacaroza l ng
4.1.1. Tnh thnh phn ma nguyn liu
1. Khi lng ng trong ma = G % hm lng ng trong ma
12,4
= 291,4 (tn).
100
2. Khi lng cht khng ng = G % cht khng ng
=2350
= 2350
2,9
= 68,15 (tn).
100
3. Khi lng cht tan = khi lng ng + khi lng cht khng ng
=291,4+68,15 = 359,55 (tn)
4. Khi lng x = G x % x
= 2350 x
11,8
100 = 277,3 (tn)
4.1.2. Tnh b ma
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
26
1. Khi lng ng trong b

= khi lng ng trong ma [(100- Hiu sut p)/100]
= 291,4 x 100 96,4 = 10,49 (tn)
100
2. Khi lng cht tan trong b = khi lng ng trong b/GP b

=
10,49
= 13,80 (tn)
0,76
3. Khi lng b = [( khi lng x + khi lng cht tan trong b )/(100 - m
b)] x 100 =
277,3 + 13,80
= 567,45 (tn)
100 48,7 x 100
4. Hm lng b so vi ma = khi lng b /G =
567,45
x100 = 24,15 (%)
2350
5. Phn trm x trong b = khi lng x/khi lng b = 277,3 /567,45 = 48,87 %.
4.1.3. Tnh nc thm thu
Khi lung nc thm thu = G x nc thm thu = 2350x
25
= 587,5(tn)
100
4.1.4. Tnh nc ma hn hp
1. Khi lng nc ma hn hp = G + khi lng nc thm thu khi lng b
= 2350 + 587,5 567,45 = 2370,05 (tn)
2. Khi lng ng trong nc ma hn hp = khi lng ng trong ma khi
lng ng trong b
= 291,4 10,49 = 280,91 (tn)
3. Khi lng cht tan trong nc ma hn hp
= khi lng cht tan trong ma - khi lng cht tan trong b
= 359,55 13,80 = 345,75 (tn)
4. AP nc ma hn hp = khi lng ng / khi lng cht tan
=
280,91
x100 = 81,25 %
345,75
5. Bx nc ma hn hp = (khi lng cht tan trong nc ma hn hp/ khi lng

nc ma hn hp) 100 =
345,75
x100 = 14,59
2370,06
3
Vi Bx = 14,59 th khi lng ring ca nc ma hn hp bng =1,059 tn/m

[bng I.86, 3, tr 58].
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
27
6. Th tch ca nc ma hn hp = trng lng nc ma hn hp/t trng

=2370,05/ 1,059 =2238,02 m3
7. Phn trm nc ma hn hp so vi ma = Khi lng nc ma hn hp/G
=
2370,06
x100 = 100,85%
2350
Bng4.1. Tng kt cn bng vt cht cng on p

TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
i tng
Khi lng ng saccaroza

Khi lng cht tan trong ma
Khi lng ng trong b
Khi lng cht tan trong b
Khi lng b
Khi lung nc thm thu
Khi lng nc ma hn hp
Khi lng ng trong nc ma hn hp
Khi lng cht tan trong nc ma hn hp
AP ca nc ma hn hp
Bx nc ma hn hp
Th tch ca nc ma hn hp (m3)
Phn trm nc ma hn hp so vi ma
Phn trm x trong b
Khi lng
(kg)
291,4
359,55
10,49
13,80
567,44
587,5
2370,06
280,91
345,75
81,25
14,59
2238,02
100,85
48,87
4.2. Cng on lm sch

Cc s liu ban u [4, tr 19].
CaO c hiu so vi ma: 0,06%
Hm lng CaO c hiu trong vi: 75%
Lng nc bn so vi nc ma gia vi: 20 %
Hm lng ng trong bn kh: 20% so vi ma
Lng nc ra bn so vi bn lc: 200% so vi ma
Tn tht ng khng xc nh so vi ng trong ma: 1,5%
Nng mt ch sau khi bc hi: 60%
Vi Bx = 60%, khi lng ring = 1288, 73kg / m3 [8, tr 61]
4.2.1. Lng CaO c hiu
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
28
= G CaO c hiu so vi ma /100 =
2350 x 0,06
= 1,41 (tn)
100
4.2.2. Vi
1. Khi lng vi cn dng = (Khi lng CaO c hiu/hm lng CaO c hiu
trong vi) 100 =
1,41
x100 = 1,88 (tn)
75
2. Hm lng vi cn dng so vi ma = (khi lng vi/G) 100

=
1,88
x100 = 0,08%
2350
4.2.3. Sa vi
Sa vi c pha vi nng 10Be
Ti nhit 20oC, ta c: kh lng ring = 1, 074 tn/m3 [8, tr 64].
Phn trm CaO = 9,28%
1. Khi lng sa vi = khi lng CaO c hiu qu trong vi/%CaO
=
1,41
x100 = 15,19 (tn)
9,28
2. Dung tch sa vi = Khi lng sa vi/ =
15,19
= 14,15 (m3).
1,074
4.2.4. Tnh nc ma hn hp sau gia vi

1
3
1. Khi lng nc ma sau gia vi s b = khi lng nc ma hn hp + khi

1
3
lng sa vi dng gia vi =2370,05+ x15,19 = 2375,11 (tn).

2. Dung tch nc ma sau gia vi s b = dung tch nc ma hn hp +
1
dung tch
3
1
3
sa vi = 2238,02+ 14,15 =2242,74 (m3).

3. Nc ma gia vi s b so vi ma = khi lng nc ma gia vi/khi lng ma
p/(ngy) x 100 =
2375,11
x100 = 101,07 (kg).
2350
4. Khi lng nc ma gia vi ln 2 = khi lng nc ma gia vi s b + 2/3

lng sa vi = 2375,12 +
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
2
x15,19 = 2385,25 (tn).
3
n tt nghip
29
5. Dung tch nc ma gia vi ln 2 = dung tch tch nc ma gia vi s b + dung

tch sa vi gia vi ln 2 = 22142,74+
2
14,15
3
= 2252,17 (m ).
6. Khi lng cht tan trong nc ma trung ho = KL cht tan trong nc ma hn

hp + kl Cao c hiu trong vi = 345,75 + 1,41 = 347,16 (tn)
7. Bx nc ma trung ho = khi lng cht tan trong nc ma trung ho/khi lng
347,16
nc ma trung ho = 2385,25 100 = 14,55 (%)

4.2.5. Tnh nc bn
1. Khi lng nc bn = khi lng nc ma trung ha lng nc bn so vi
nc ma trung ha = 2375,11
20
= 477,05 (tn)
100
2. Dung tch = khi lng nc bn/khi lng ring

=
477,02
= 433,68 (m3) vi = 1,1T / m 3 (thc t sn xut)
1,1
2. T l nc bn so vi ma = (Khi lng ncbn/G) 100

=
477,05
100 = 20,30 %.
2350
4.2.6. Nc ma lng trong

Lng nc ma lng trong = khi lng nc ma trung ha- khi lng nc
bn = 2375,11 475,05= 1908,19(tn)
4.2.7. Tnh bn lc
Khi lng bn so vi ma (0,5 2,0%), chn 1,5 %
Khi lng bn lc = G t l bn lc so vi ma = 2350 1,5 = 35,25 (tn)
100
m bn w = 70 75 %, chn w = 70 % [4, tr166].

Khi lng nc trong bn = khi lng bn lc x m bn
= 35,25 x
75
= 24,68 (tn)
100
4.2.8. Bn kh
Chn m bn l 70 %
Khi lng = [Khi lng bn lc (100 phn nc bn lc)/100]
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
30
= 35,25
100 70
= 10,58 ( tn)
100
4.2.9. Khi lng ng tn tht trong bn lc

1. Khi lng = (khi lng bn kh phn ng trong bn kh/100)
=110,58
20
= 1,88 ( tn)
100
2. Khi lng ng tn tht trong bn lc so vi trng lng ng trong ma

=[ khi lng ng tn tht trong bn lc /khi lng ng ma] x 100
=
1,88
100 = 2,12 (tn)
291,4
4.2.10. Nc ra bn lc
Khi lng = khi lng bn lc lng nc ra bn so vi bn lc
= 35,25
200
= 70,5 (tn).
100
4.2.11. Nc ma lc trong
1. Khi lng nc ma lc trong = khi lng nc bn + khi lng nc ra bn
khi lng bn lc = 477,05+ 70,5 35,25= 512,30 ( tn).
4.2.12. Tn tht ng khng xc nh
Khi lng = lng ng tn tht ng khng xc nh so vi ng trong ma
= 291,4
1,5
= 4,37 (tn)
100
4.2.13. Nc ma trong ( ch trong )

1. Khi lng = Lng nc ma lng trong + lng nc ma lc trong
= 1908,19+ 512,30= 2420,49 ( tn)
2. Khi lng ng = lng ng trong nc ma hn hp - tn tht ng khng
xc nh - lng ng tn tht trong bn = 280,91- 4,37 - 2,12 = 274,42( tn).
3. Khi lng cht kh = cht kh trong nc ma hn hp + lng CaO c hiu
khi lng bn kh = 345,75 + 1,41 10,58 = 336,58 ( tn)
4. Bx ca nc ma trong =[khi lng cht kh /lng nc ma trong] x 100
=
336,58
100 = 13,91% .
2420,49
Vi Bx = 13,91 %, khi lng ring = 1,056 kg/m3 [3,tr 58].

5. AP =[ khi lng ng/ khi lng cht kh]x 100 =
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
274,42
100 = 81,53% .
336,58
n tt nghip
31
6. Dung tch nc ma trong = Khi lng/ =
2420,49
= 2303,04 m3.
1,056
7. T l nc ma so vi ma =[ khi lng nc ma trong/G] x 100

=
2420,49
100 = 103,00% .
2350
4.2.14. Tnh mt ch
1. Coi lng ng tn tht theo hi khng ng k
Khi lng mt ch = [khi lng cht kh trong nc ma trong/Bx mt ch] 100
=
336,58
100 = 560,97 ( tn)
60
2. Dung tch mt ch = Khi lng mt ch/ = =
560,97
= 435,29 (m3).
1,288
3. T l mt ch so vi ma =[ Khi lng mt ch/G] x 100 =
560,97
x100 = 23,87%
2350
4.2.15. Lc kim tra

Chn phng php lc kim tra bng lc ng
Gi s chn lng bn bng 0,1% so vi ma, m 70%
1. Lung bn lc kim tra = 2350 x
2. Khi lng bn kh = 2,35 x
0,1
100 = 2,35 (tn).
100 70
100 = 0,705 (tn).
3. Khi lng mt ch sau lc = khi lng mt ch - lung bn lc kim tra

= 560,97 -2,35 = 558,62 (tn).
4. Khi lng ng tn tht
Gi s lng ng tn tht theo bn lc 4% so vi ma
Lng ng tn tht = khi lng bn lc x
4
0,1
=
2,35
x
100
100 = 0,094 (tn).
5. Khi lng cht tan trong mt ch sau khi lc kim tra = khi lng cht tan trong
nc ma trong - khi lng bn kh = 336,58 0,705 = 335,88 ( tn).
6. Khi lng ng trong mt ch sau khi lc kim tra = khi lng ng trong
nc ma trong - khi lng ung tn tht = 274,42 0,094= 274,33(tn).
7. Nng cht tan trong mt ch sau khi lc kim tra = ( khi lng cht tan trong
mt ch sau khi lc km tra /khi lng mt ch) 100 =
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
335,88
100 = 60 %.
558,62
n tt nghip
32
8. tinh khit mt ch sau lc kim tra = (khi lng ng trong mt ch sau khi
lc kim tra/ khi lng cht tan trong mt ch sau khi lc kim tra ) 100
=
274,33
100 = 81,68%.
335,88
4.2.16. Hiu sut lm sch

100 ( tinh khit nc ma trong tinh khit nc ma hn hp)
100
tinh khit nc ma trong (100- tinh khit nc ma hn hp)
=
STT
100 (81,68 81,25)

x100 = 2,8%.
81,68 (100 81,25)
Bng 4.2. Tng kt cn bng vt cht cng on lm sch

i tng
%
Khi lng tnh cho
2350 tn ma
Khi lng vi cn dng

Khi lng CaO c hiu trong vi
Khi lng sa vi
Dung tch sa vi (m3)
Khi lng nc ma sau gia s b
Th tch nc ma sau gia vi s b (m3)
Khi lng nc ma sau gia vi trung
ha
8
Bx nc ma gia vi ln 2
9
Th tch nc ma sau trung ho (m3)
10
Lng nc ma lng trong
11
Khi lng bn lc
12
Khi lng nc ma lc trong
13
Khi lng nc ma trong
12
Dung tch nc ma trong (m3)
13
Bx ca nc ma trong
14
AP nc ma trong
15
Khi lng mt ch
16
Hiu sut lm sch
17
Khi lng mt ch sau lc kim tra
18
tinh khit mt ch sau lc kim tra
4.3. Cng on nu ng
(tn/ngy)
1,88
1,41
15,19
14,15
2375,11
2242,74
2385,25
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
(kg/h)
14,55
2252,17
1908,19
35,25
512,30
2420,49
2303,04
13,91
81,53
560,97
2,8
558,62
81,68
n tt nghip
33
Cn c vo ch tiu cht lng sn phm, nguyn liu sn xut, dy chuyn cng

ngh v bng thng s cc nguyn liu, [9, tr 189] ti chn ch nu ng 3 h
nh sau:
Bng 4.3. Ch nu ng 3 h
TT i tng
AP(%)
Bx (%)
1
Mt ch
60
81,68
2
ng non A
81,61
92
3
ng A
98
99
4
Mt A
64
80
5
ng non B
67
95
6
ng B
90
98
7
Mt B
38
82
8
ng non C
56
99
9
ng C
84
97
10 Mt C (mt r)
30
84
11 Ging B
72
88
12 Ging C
72
88
13 H B
88
82
14 Hi dung C
84
62
Cn bng tnh cho 100 tn cht kh mt ch
4.3.1. Lng ng thnh phm
G1= [(AP mt ch AP mt r)/(AP ng A AP mt r)] 100
=
81,68 30
100 = 76 = ( tn)
98 30
4.3.2. Lng mt r
G2 =100 - G1= 100 - 76 = 24(tn)
4.3.3. Tnh ng non C
4.3.1. Lng non C cn nu
G3 = [( AP ng C-AP mt r)/(AP ng C- AP non C) G2
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
34
84 30
x 24 = 46,28 ( tn)
84 56
4.3.3.2. Lng ung C sn xut c t ng non C

G4 = G3 - G2= 46,28 24= 22,29 (tn)
4.3.4. Tnh phi liu nu C
Khi nu ging C, lng ging chim 23% so vi ng non C [6, tr 190].
4.3.4.1. Lng ging C nu ng non C
G5 = G3
23
23
= 46,28 x
= 10,65 (tn)
100
100
4.3.4.2. Nu ging C t mt ch v mt A
Dng phng php nhn cho
AP mt ch:80
Khi lng mt ch
AP ging C: 72
AP mt A: 64
Khi lng mt A
a. Khi lng mt ch nu C
G6 = [ (AP ging C- AP mt A)/(AP mt ch AP mt A)] G5
=
72 64
10,65 = 4,82 (tn)
81,68 64
b. Khi lng mt A nu C
G7 = G5- G6= 10,65 4,82 = 5,83 (tn)
4.3.4.3. Nu non C t ging C v mt B
a. Khi lng mt B nu non C
G8 = [(AP ging C- AP non C)/(AP non C-AP mt B)] G5
=
72 56
10,65 = 9,46 (tn)
56 38
b. Khi lng non C nu c

G9 = G5+ G8 = 10,65 + 9,46 = 20,11 ( tn)
c. Khi lng C cn nu thm
G10 = G3 - G9 = 46,29 20,11 = 26,18 (tn)
4.3.4.4. Nu thm non C t mt B v mt A
AP mt A:64
Khi lng mt A
AP non C:56
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
35
AP mt B:38
Khi lng mt B
a. Khi lng mt A dng nu thm non C

G11=[(AP non C-AP mt B)/(AP mt A- AP mt B)] G10
=
56 38
26,48 = 18,12 (tn)
64 38
b. Khi lng mt B dng nu thm non C

G12 = G10 - G11= 26,18 18,12 = 8,06 (tn)
Bng 4.4. Bng tng kt phi liu nu ng non C
TT
1
2
3
4
Nguyn liu
Mt ch
Mt A
Mt B
Tng
Khi lng cht kh ( tn)

4,82
23,95
17,52
46,29
AP (%)
81,68
64
38
Pol(tn)
3,93
15,33
6,66
25,92
4.3.4.5. Th li tinh khit ca ng non C

AP non C =
25,92
100 56 (%)
46,29
Ph hp vi gi thit ban u.
4.3.5. Tnh ng non B
4.3.5.1. Khi lng mt B dng nu non C
G13 = G8+G12 = 9,46 + 8,06= 17,52 (tn)
4.3.5.2. Khi lng ng non B cn nu
G14= G13 [(AP ung B- AP mt B)/(AP ung B-AP non B)]
=
90 38
17,52 = 39,61 (tn)
90 67
4.3.5.3. Khi lng ng B nu c

G15 = G14 - G13 = 39,61 17,52 = 22,09 (tn)
4.3.6. Tnh phi liu nu B
Khi nu ng B lng ging thng chim 6- 8% so vi ng non B
[6, tr 249]. y chn 8%.
4.3.6.1. Khi lng ging B nu non B
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
G16 = G14 x
36
8
8
= 39,61 x
=
(tn)
100
100 3,17
4.3.6.2. Nu ging B t mt ch v mt A
AP mt ch: 80
AP ging B: 70
AP mt A: 64
Khi lng mt ch
Khi lng mt A
a. Khi lng mt ch nu ging B

G17 = G16 [( AP ging B- AP mt A)/(AP mt ch- AP mt A)]
=
72 64
3,17 = 1,43 (tn)
81,68 64
b. Khi lng mt A nu ging B

G18 = G16 G17 = 3,17 1,43 = 1,74 (tn)
4.3.6.3. Nu ng non B t ging B v mt A
a. Khi lng mt A nu non B
G19 = G16 [(AP ging B- Ap non B)/(AP ging B-AP mt A)]
=
72 67
3,17 = 1,98 (tn)
72 64
b. Khi lng non B nu c

G20 = G16 + G19 3,17+ 1,98 = 5,15 (tn)
c. Khi lng non B cn nu thm
G21 = G14 - G20 = 39,61 5,15 = 34,46 (tn)
4.3.6.4. Nu thm non B t mt A v hi dung C
AP hi dung C:84
Khi lng hi dung

AP non B:67
AP mt A:64
Khi lng mt A
a. Khi lng hi dung C nu ng non B thm
G22=G21 [(AP non B- AP mt A)/(AP hi dung C-AP mt A)]
=
67 64
34,46 = 5,17 (tn)
84 64
b. Khi lng mt A nu ng non B thm

G23 = G21- G22 = 34,46 5,17 = 29,29 (tn)
Bng 4.5. Tng kt nu ng non B
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
TT
Nguyn liu
1
2
3
4
Ging B
Mt A
Hi dung C
Tng
37
Khi lng
cht kh (tn)
3,17
33,01
5,17
41,35
AP(%)
Pol(tn)
72
64
84
2,28
21,12
4,34
27,75
4.3.6.5. Th li tinh khit ca ng non B

AP non B % =
27,75
100 =67,11 %, ph hp vi gi thit chn.
41,35
4.3.7. Tnh ng non A

Chn h s kt tinh khi sn xut ng non A: K=52%
4.3.7.1. Khi lng ng non A cn nu
G24 = G1 x
100
1
=
76x
= 164,15(tn)
K
52
4.3.7.2. Khi lng mt A thu c khi li tm ng non A

G25 = G24 - G1 = 164,15 76 = 70,15 ( tn)
4.3.7.3. Khi lng mt A dng nu ng non A
G26 = G25 ( G7 + G11 +G18 +G19 +G23)
= 70,15 - ( 5,83 + 18,12 + 1,74 + 1,898 + 29,29 ) = 13,19

4.3.7.4. Khi lng ng h B to t ng B v mt ch
G27 =G15 [(AP ng B-AP mt ch)/(AP ng h B AP mt ch)]
=
90 80
22,09 = 29,09 (tn)
88 80
4.3.7.5. Khi lng mt ch dng ng h B

G28 = G27 - G15 = 29,09 20,09= 7 (tn)
4.3.7.6. Khi lng mt ch nu non A
G29 = 100 (G6 + G17 + G28) = 100 (4,82 + 1,43 + 7) = 86,75 (tn)
4.3.7.7. Khi lng ng hi dung C ( dng nc nng ha tan ng C)
G30 = G4 G22 = 22,29 5,17 = 17,12 (tn)
Bng 4.6. Tng kt tnh phi liu nu ng non A
TT Nguyn liu
1
2
Mt ch
Mt A
Khi lng cht kh

( tn)
86,75
13,19
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
AP(%)
Pol (tn)
81,68
64
7086
8,44
n tt nghip
3
4
ng h B
Hi dung C
38
29,08
17,12
88
84
5
Tng
146,13
4.3.7.8. tinh khit ca ng non A
AP non A =
25,59
14,38
119,27
119,27
100 = 81,61 %.
146,13
4.3.8. Khi lng cc sn phm theo nng sut nh my

Khi lng cc sn phm theo nng sut nh my tnh theo cng thc:
G=
X x 60 A
,tn [8, tr 264].
100 100 ci
Trong : X : lng cht kh sn phm tnh theo 100 tn cht kh mt ch
x : lng mt ch so vi 100 tn nguyn liu, chn
x = 22 tn
ci : nng cht kh ca sn phm, %

A : nng sut ca nh my , A= 2350 tn/ ngy
G: lng sn phm, bn thnh phm, tn

60: Bx mt ch tinh
Bng 4.7: Tng kt cng on nu ng
Tnh cho 100
TT Thnh phm, bn thnh phm AP(%) Bx(%)
tn cht kh
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
ng non A
ng A
ng non B
ng B
Ging B
ng non C
ng C
Ging C
H B nu ng non A
Hi dung C nu ng non A
Hi dung C nu ng non B
Mt r
Mt ch nu non A
Mt A nu non A
ng h B nu non A
Mt A nu non B
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
81,61
98
67
90
70
56
84
70
84
84
28
81,68
64
88
64
92
99
95
98
88
99
97
88
82
62
62
84
60
82
85
82
146,15
76
39,61
22,09
3,17
46,29
22,29
10,65
29,09
17,12
5,17
24
86,75
13,19
29,09
33,01
Tnh theo
nng sut
2350 tn /ngy
492,78
238,13
129,34
69,92
11,17
145,03
71,27
37,53
110,01
85,63
25,87
88,63
448,50
51,13
110,01
147,06
n tt nghip
17
18
19
20
39
Mt A nu non C
Mt B nu non C
Mt ch nu ging B
Mt ch nu ging C
64
38
81
68
82
82
60
60
23,95
17,52
1,43
4,82
92,88
66,29
7,39
16,98
Chng 5
CN BNG NHIT
* H c c nhiu ni
Lng nhit s dng trong nh my ch yu ly t l hi. Ngoi ra, c th tit
kim lng nhit bng cch tn dng hi th ca cc hiu bc hi.
S h c c p lc chn khng bn hiu
E1
E2
E3
R
W1
I
W2
II
W3
i vo thp ngng
W4
III
IV
Do
Mt ch
Nc ma trong
G, X
Gc, Xc
Cc k hiu:
E1: hi th bc ra t hiu I dng gia nhit ln 3,(kg/h)
E2: hi th bc ra t hiu II dng gia nhit ln 2,(kg/h)
E3: hi th bc ra t hiu III dng gia nhit ln 1,(kg/h)
R: hi th bc ra t hiu I dng cho nu ng, (kg/h)
Do: hi sng vo hiu I, (kg/h)
Wi:lng hi th bc ra t cc hiu (i=1-4), (kg/h)
Gd: lng nc ma vo h thng, (kg/h)
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
40
Gc: lng mt ch ra khi h thng, (kg/h)

Xd: Nng nc ma vo h thng, Xd = 13,61
Xc: Nng mt ch ra khi h thng, Xc= 60
5.1. Cn bng cho h bc hi (c c)
5.1.1. Lng nc bc hi ca qu trnh c c
W=G x
(1
Xd
13,61
) = 100921,66 x(1
)
Xc
60 = 78032,63(kg/h)
G: Khi lng dung dch u, G =2422,12 tn/ngy=100921,66 kg/h

x, xc: Nng dung dch u, cui x = 13,61%, xc=60%
Gi thit lng hi th bc ln cc hiu theo t l 3,2:1,7:1,2:0,5
Lng hi th bc ra tng hiu
wi =
ai w
4
i=1
ai : t l hi tng ng tng hiu

w i : lng hi th bc ra hiu th i (kg/h)
Bng 5.1: Lng hi th bc ra cc hiu

Wi(kg/h)
Hiu I
37834
Hiu II
20099,31
Hiu III
14187,75
Hiu IV
5911,56
5.1.2. Nng nc ma cc hiu

xd
Bx i=G d
[2, trang 56]
4
G d-
wk
k=1
Bng 5.2: Nng nc ma cc hiu

Hiu I
Hiu II
Hiu III
Hiu IV
Bx(%)
21,77
31,95
47,69
60
5.1.3. Xc nh p sut mi ni
Nhit si ca nc ma hiu 1 ln hn 100oC, do hi t dng cho
bc hi hiu 1 c p sut sao cho nhit ca n cao hn nhit si ca dung dch
nhng khng nn cao qu gim chi ph u t thit b chu lc.Theo kinh nghim
ca cc nh my thng chn hi t 3at
Po:p sut hi t vo hiu I, chn Po=3 (at)
P1, P2, P3: p sut hi t vo cc hiu 2,3,4 (at)
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
41
P4 :p sut hi th t hiu 4 i vo thp ngng, chn P4= 0,3 (at). Chn P4= 0,3
at ngng t hi nc v to chn khng cn thit cho bc hi hiu 4
Hiu s p sut ca c h thng bc hi P = Po - P4 =3 0, 3 =2, 7(at)
Chn t s phn phi hiu s p sut cc hiu nh sau
P 1: P 2: P 3: P 4=11/40:10,3/40:9,7/40:9/40
Khi :
11
11
= 2, 7
= 0, 7425( at )
40
40
P1 = Po P1 =3-0,7425=2,26(at)
P1 = P
Cn c vo t s phn b p sut, ta xc
10,3
10,3
P2 = P
= 2, 7
= 0, 7( at ) nh c p sut v nhit ca hi t v
40
40
hi th trong mi hiu bc hi, chn tn tht
P2 = P1 P2 =2,26-0,7=1,56(at)
trn ng ng l 1oC, tra bng I-25 s tay qu
9,7
9,7
P3 = P
= 2, 7
= 0, 655( at ) trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht tp 1,
40
40
trang 314/315.
P3 = P2 P3 =1,56-0,65=0,9(at)
Bng 5.3: p sut v nhit cc
9
9
P4 = P
= 2, 7
= 0, 6( at )
40
40
hiu
P4 = P3 P4 =0,9-0,6=0,3(at)
Hiu I
Hiu II
Hiu III
Hiu IV
Thp ngng
t(oC)
P(at)
t(oC)
P(at)
t(oC)
P(at)
t(oC)
P(at)
t(oC)
Hi t 3
132,9
2,26
123
1,56
111
0,9
96
0,3
68,7
Hi th 2,33
124
1,6
112
0,94
97
0,31
69,7
P(at)
5.1.4. Xc nh tn tht nhit trong qu trnh bc hi

5.1.4.1. Tn tht do tng nhit si ( 'i )
Cn c vo nng v nhit hi th tng hiu, tra bng IV-1[6, tr 198]
Bng 5.4: Tn tht do tng nhit cc hiu bc hi
Hiu I
Hiu II
Hiu III
Hiu IV
Bx(%)
21,77
31,95
47,69
60
i ( C)
0,38
0,71
1,56
2,7
'
Tng tn tht do tng nhit si
'
i
= 5,35 oC
5.1.4.2. Tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh ( '' )

Gi thit chiu cao ca ct cht lng trong thit b bc hi:0,8m
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
42
Bng 5.5: Tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh [6, tr 198].

Hiu I
Hiu II
Hiu III
Hiu IV
Bx(%)
21,77
31,95
47,69
60
''i (oC)
0,8
1,2
1,5
3,5
''
o
=7 C
5.1.4.3. Tn tht nhit do tr lc ng ng '''

Khi hi th i t hiu trc ra hiu sau qua ng dn s c tn tht nhit ,
thng chn tn tht 1 oC, vy
''
= 4 oC.
5.1.4.4. Tng tn tht
= + +
'
''
'''
o
=15,35 C
5.1.4.5. Tng hiu s nhit c ch ca h bc hi

o
t = t d - t c - = 132,9 69, 7 15,35 = 47,85 C
5.1.5. Xc nh nhit si ca dung dch ng trong cc hiu
Nhit si ca dung dch ng c tnh theo cng thc
o
tsi = thti + ' + '' ( C)
Trong
o
' '' : tn tht do tng nhit , do p sut thy tnh ( C)
: nhit hi th trong cc hiu(oC)
thti
Bng 5.6: Nhit si ca dung dch ng trong cc hiu bc hi
'
''
Hiu I
124
0,38
0,8
Hiu II
112
0,71
1,2
Hiu III
97
1,56
1,5
Hiu IV
69,7
2,7
3,5
t si (oC)
125,18
113,91
100,06
75,9
thti
5.1.6. Tng hp ch s dng nhit ca h thng bc hi

Bng 5.7: Ch s dng nhit ca h thng bc hi
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
43
TT
Hng mc
n v
Hiu I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
p sut hi t
Nhit hi t
Hm nhit hi t
n nhit hi t
p sut hi th
Nhit hi th
Hm nhit hi th
n nhit hi th
Nhit si dung dch
Nhit nc ngng t
Hiu s nhit hu ch
at
0
C
Kcal/kg
Kcal/kg
at
0
C
Kcal/kg
Kcal/kg
0
C
0
C
0
C
3
132,9
651,6
518,1
2,33
124
648,6
519,3
125,2
130,9
7,72
Hiu II
Hiu III Hiu

IV
2,26
1,56
0,9
123
111
96
638,42 649,15 644
515,124 538
548,1
1,6
0,94
0,31
112
97
69,7
644
638,2
626,8
542,8
553,82 556,8
113,9
100,1
75,9
121
109
94
9,1
10,94
20,1
5.2. Cn bng cho h un nng (gia nhit)

S dng hi th bc ra t bc hi hiu I lm hi t cho gia nhit 3
S dng hi th bc ra t bc hi hiu II lm hi t cho gia nhit 2
S dng hi th bc ra t bc hi hiu III lm hi t cho gia nhit 1
* Nhit lng cn cung cp un nng nc ma t nhit t n tc c
tnh theo cng thc :
Q = 1,1.G.C. (tc t ), Kcal/h
Trong :
G : Lng nc ma cn un nng, (kg/h )
t = tc - t : chnh lch nhit trc v sau un nng, 0C
C : Nhit dung ring ca dung dch (Kcal/kg.0C)
C = 1 0,0057B[5, tr 34 ].
* Lng hi t cn dng un nng c tnh theo cng thc :
E = Qi/ri (kg/h).
Trong Q: nhit lng cn cung cp un nng, (kcal/h).
ri l n nhit hi t hiu i, (Kcal/kg).
Ln
G
(Kg/h)
Bng 5.8: Cn bng nhit cho h un nng

Bxi
C
t
tc
ri
Kcal
Q
(%)
(oC) (oC)
h (Kcal/kg)
1
98963,33
14,59
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
Kcal
o
kg C
0,9168 25
E
(Kg/h)
75
4990126.8 553,82
9010,38
n tt nghip
2
3
99385,42
100921,66
44
14,55
13,61
0,9170
0,9224
75
105
105
115
3007502,1 542,8
1023991,4 519,3
5540,72
1971,87
5.3. Cn bng nhit cho nu ng

Dng hi th hiu I nu ng: 1240C
Do tn tht trn ng ng 10C nn nhit nu ng l 1230C, P =2,33(at)
- Nhit vo :
+ Do hi t mang vo
: Qh =D.I
(Kcal/h)
+ Do nguyn liu mang vo : Qngl = G.C.t
(Kcal/h)
- Nhit ra :
+ Do ng non mang ra : Qnon = Gn .Cn .tn
(Kcal/h)
+ Do hi th mang ra
: Qht=W.Iht
(Kcal/h)
+ Do nc ngng mang ra : Qng=D.Cng.tng
(Kcal/h)
+ Do tn tht
:Qtt = 0,1.D.I
(Kcal/h)
Phng trnh cn bng nhit :
Qh + Qngl = Qnon + Qht + Qng+ Qtt (1)
T (1) suy ra :
D=
Q ht + Qnon Qngl
0,9.I t ng C ng
(2)
Trong
D: Lng hi cn thit cho nu ng (Kg/h)
I: Hm nhit hi t (Kcal/kg)
tng : Nhit nc ngng, (0C)
Cng : Nhit dung ring ca nc ngng, (Kcal/kg.0C)
Ih : Hm nhit ca hi t, (Kcal/kg)
G,Gc:Khi lng nguyn liu nu v ng non (Kg/h)
C,Cc: Nhit dung ring nguyn liu nu v ng non (Kcal/kg.0C)
5.3.1. Cn bng nhit cho nu non A

5.3.1.1. Nguyn liu nu non A (s liu phn cn bng vt cht)
Mt ch
: 457,54 (tn /ngy) = 19064.37 (kg/h)
Mt A
: 8,625(tn /ngy) = 359,38 (kg/h)
H B
: 106,71 (tn /ngy) = 4419,58 (kg/h)
Hi dung C
: 95,71(tn /ngy) = 3987,92 (kg/h)
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
45
Tng khi lng non A nu c:Gc=467,80 (tn /ngy) = 9491,67(kg/h)

Lng nc chnh l ly 5% so vi lng ng non nu c: 984,83 (kg/h)
Tng lng nguyn liu nu non A:
G =19064.37 +359,38 + 4608,75 + 4207,08 + 984,83 = 29224,41 (kg/h)
Lng nc bc hi
WA=G -Gc =29224,41 19696,67 = 9527,74 (kg/h)
5.3.1.2. Chn ch nu non A
Chn chn khng ca bung t l: 632,62 (mmHg), tng ng vi p sut hi
th p = 0,14 (at), nhit t =52,07oC, hm nhit Iht = 618,93 (kcal/kg), n nhit hi
th rht= 566,83(kcal/kg) =2372,75 (KJ/kg) [1, tr 312].
* Nhit si ng non A
- Tn tht nhit do tng nhit si ()
p dng cng thc :
=0,003872.
. T2
a
(0C)
Trong : a: tng nhit si p sut thng.

Vi Bx = 92% a = 28 (0C )
T = 52,07 + 273 = 325,07 (oK)
325,07 2
= 0,003872. 28 .
= 4,83 (0C)
2372,75
- Tn tht p sut thy tnh :

Chn chiu cao ca ct dung dch h = 1,6m, =13,80C
Vy nhit si ca dung dch non A :
tsA = tht + + =52,07+13,8+4,83 = 70,70C
Nguyn liu a vo nu phi c nhit si ln hn nhit trong ni t 3-5 0C.
Chn nhit ca nguyn liu a vo v nhit ca nc chnh l l: 75 0C.
Nhit dung ring ca nguyn liu v non A c tnh theo cng thc :
C = 1 0,0057B (Kcal/kg.0C ) [5, tr 34 ].
Bng 5.9: Kt qu cc thng s nu non A
Nguyn liu nu non A
TT
1
2
Mt ch
Mt A
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
Bx
(%)
60
80
Khi
lng
(kg/h)
19064
359,38
t
(0C)
C
(kcal/kg.0C)
75
75
0,658
0,544
n tt nghip
46
3
H B
82
4446,25
75
0,533
4
Hi dung C
62
3987,92
75
0,647
5
Non A
92
19491,67
71
0,476
6
Nc chnh l (5% non A)
974,58
75
1
Cn bng nhit nu non A :
- Nhit vo :
+ Mt ch
: Q1 = G1.C1.tv = 940808,40 (Kcal/h)
+ Mt A
: Q2 = G2.C2.tv = 14662,70 (Kcal/h)
+ Hi dung C : Q3 = G3.C3.tv = 193513,80 (Kcal/h)
+ H B
: Q4 = G4.C4.tv = 177738,84 (Kcal/h)
+ Nc chnh l : Q5 = G5.C5.tv = 73093,50 (Kcal/h)
* Tng nhit lng do nguyn liu mang vo:
Qnlv = Q1 + Q2 +Q3 + Q4 + Q5 =1399827,20 (Kcal/h)
- Nhit ra:
+ Nhit do hi th mang ra:
Qht = WA . Iht = 9527,74 x 618,93 = 5897004,1 (Kcal/h)
+Nhit do ng non A mang ra :
Qnon = Gn.Cn.tn = 658740,44 (Kcal/h)
S dng hi t=123oC, C = 1,0417 (Kcal/kg.oC), I=647(Kcal/kg)
nhit nc ngng t = 122,06 0C, C = 1,01 (Kcal/kg.oC)
T (2) suy ra lng hi cn dng:
D=
Q ht + Qnon Qngl
0,9.I t ng C ng
5897004 ,10 + 658740 ,44 1399827 ,20 =11218,27(kg/h)

0,9 x647,78 122,06 x1,011
bo m cho s n nh ca qu trnh nu ng ta dng 60% lng nhit l

hi th , cn li s dng hi sng
- Lng hi th hiu I dng nu non A : 0,6 x 11218,27 = 6730,96 (Kg/h)
- Lng hi sng dng cho nu non A : 0,4 x 11218,27 = 4487,31 (Kg/h)
5.3.2. Cn bng nhit cho nu non B
5.3.2.1. Cc thng s nu non B
Chn chn khng ca bung bc l 632,2(mmHg), tng ng vi p sut hi
th p = 0,18(at), nhit t =57,26oC, hm nhit Iht = 621,22 (kcal/kg), n nhit hi
th rht= 2655,93 (KJ/kg).
Nhit si ng non B, tnh tng t nh non A
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
47
tsB = tht + + =57,26+5,4+11,5 =74,16 oC

Yu cu nhit nguyn liu nu v nc chnh l phi cao hn nhit si
trong ni 3-5 oC. Chn nhit nguyn liu nu v nc chnh l :79 oC
Bng 5.10: Kt qu cc thng s nu non B
Nguyn liu nu non B
TT
Bx Khi
(%) lng
(kg/h)
88 484,58
80 5437,92
62 1136,25
95 5444,17
381,09
t
(0C)
C
kcal
kg.0C
0,498
0,544
0,646
0,458
1
Qnlv
(Kcal/kg)
1
Ging B
79
19064,35
2
Mt A
79
233700,04
3
Hi dung C
79
57987,38
4
Non B
74
5
Nc chnh l (7% non B)
79
30106,11
6
Tng nhit
340857,88
5.3.2.2. Cn bng nhit nu non B :
Tng t nh tnh non A
- Nhit ra:
+ Nhit do hi th mang ra: Qht = WB . Iht = (Kcal/h)
Vi WB = Gngl + Gnc - GnonB
= 484,58 + 5437,92 + 1136,25 +381,09 5444,17 = 1995,67
Nn Qht = 1995,67 x 621,22 = 1239750,1 Kcal/h
+Nhit do ng non B mang ra : Qnon = Gn.Cn.tn = 184513,8 (Kcal/h)
S dng hi t=123oC, C = 1,0417 (Kcal/kg.oC), I=647(Kcal/kg)
Nhit nc ngng t = 122,06 0C, C = 1,01 (Kcal/kg.oC)
T (2) suy ra lng hi cn dng
DB =
Q ht + Qnon Qngl
0,9.I t ng C ng
184513,8 + 1239750 ,1 340857 ,88

= 2357,28 (kg/h)
0,9 x647,78 122,06 x1,011
bo m s n nh ca qu trnh nu ng ta dng 60% lng nhit l hi

th , cn li s dng hi sng.
- Lng hi th hiu I dng nu non B : 0,6 x 2357,28 = 1414,37 (Kg/h)
- Lng hi sng dng cho nu non B : 0,4 x 2357,28 = 942,91 (Kg/h)
5.3.3. Cn bng nhit cho nu non C
5.3.3.1. Cc thng s nu non C: Chn tng t nh nu non B
p = 0,18(at), t =57,26oC, Iht = 621,22 (kcal/kg), rht =2655,93 (KJ/kg)
Nhit si ng non C: tsC = tht + + =57,26+5,4+12,5 =75,16 oC
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
48
Yu cu nhit nguyn liu nu v nc chnh l phi cao hn nhit si

trong ni 3-5 oC. Chn nhit nguyn liu nu v nc chnh l :80 oC
Bng 5.11: Kt qu cc thng s nu non C
Nguyn liu nu non A
TT
Bx Khi
(%) lng
(kg/h)
88 1724,17
80 4475
82 2837,08
99 6709,17
670,92
t
(0C)
C
kcal
kg.0C
0,498
0,544
0,533
0,436
1
Qnlv
(Kcal/kg)
1
Ging C
80
68690,93
2
Mt A
80
194752,00
3
Mt B
80
120973,09
4
Non C
75
5
Nc chnh l (10% non C)
80
53673,36
6
Tng
438089,38
* Lng nc bc hi trong qu trnh nu:
Wc = Gngl G = G1 + G2 + G3 + G5 G4
= 1724,17 + 4475 + 2837,08 + 670,92 6709,17 = 2998 (kcal/h).
5.3.3.2. Cn bng nhit nu non C :
Tng t nh tnh non A
- Nhit vo:
+ Nhit do nguyn liu mang vo: Qngl = 438089,38 (kcal/h).
+ Nhit do hi t: Qhd = D.I, (kcal/h).
- Nhit ra:
+ Hi th: Qht = Wc . Iht = 2998 x 621,22 = 1862417,56 (kcal/h).
+ n non C: QnonC = Q4 = 6709,17 x 75 x 0,436 = 219389,86 (kcal/h).
+ Nc ngng: Qng = D.Cng.tng,(kcal/h).
T (2) suy ra lng hi cn dng
DC =
Q ht + Qnon Qngl
0,9.I t ng C ng
1862417 ,56 + 219389 ,86 438089 ,38

= 3576,41 (kg/h).
0,9 x647,78 122,06 x1,011

- Lng hi th hiu I dng nu non C : 0,6 x 3576,41 = 2145,85 (Kg/h)
- Lng hi sng dng cho nu nonC : 0,4 x 3576,41 = 1430,56 (Kg/h).
5.3.4. Cn bng nhit cho nu ging B, C
Ging B,C c nu chung trong 1 ni v s dng nhit = 70% so vi nhit
dng nu non A. Chn ch nh nu non A nn lng hi s dng = 70% lng
hi s dng nu non A. DBC = 7852,79 (kg/h).
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
49

- Lng hi th hiu I dng nu non C : 0,6 x 7852,79 = 4711,68 (Kg/h).
- Lng hi sng dng nu non C : 0,4 x 7852,79 = 3141,11 (Kg/h).
* Tng lng hi th dng nu ng:
R = RA + RB + RC + Rging
= 6730,96 + 1414,37 + 2145,85 + 4711,68 = 15002,86 (kg/h).
* Tng lng hi t dng cho nu ng:
D = DA + DB + DC + DBC
= 4487,31 + 942,91 +1430,56 + 7852,79 = 14713,57 (kg/h).
5.4. Cn bng nhit cho h bc hi (c c)
5.4.1. Tnh lng nc bc hi
Gi s c 1kg hi t lm bc hi 1 kg hi nc v khng tnh n qu trnh t
bay hi hay tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh
Theo gi thuyt trn ta c h phng trnh:
W3' = W4'
W2'
= W4' + E3
W1'
= W4' + E3 + E2
D0
= W4' + E3 + E2 + E1 +R
= 4 W4' +3E3 + 2E2 + E1 +R (*)
Trong E1 = 9010,38 (kg/h)

E2 = 5540,72 (kg/h)
E3 = 1971,87 (kg/h)
R = 15002,86 (kg/h)
W = 78032,63 (kg/h)
T (*) , thay s W4' = 9255,59 (kg/h)
E1
Do R1 I
W1'
Do=40781,42 (kg/h)
E2
R2
'
2
I
I
E3
W4'
III
IV
'
3
5.4.2. Lng hi dng cho h thng bc hi

SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
50
B qua nhit d tn tht, thit lp phng trnh cn bng nhit cho 4 hiu bc
hi nh sau:
+Hiu I: D0(ih - ing1) = G.C1(ts1- t) + W1(i1-Cn. ts1)
(1)
+Hiu II: (W1-E1-R)(i1-ing2) = (G -W1).C2(ts2-ts1)+ W2(i2-Cn. ts2)
(2)
+Hiu III: (W2- E2)(i2 - ing3) = (G- W1- W2).C3(ts3- ts2) + W3(i3-Cn.ts3) (3)
+Hiu IV: (W3-E3)(i3-ing4) = (G- W1- W2- W3).C4(ts4- ts3) + W4(i4-n.ts4) (4)
Trong : D0: Lng hi sng tiu tn hiu I
(kg/h)
G: Lng dung dch u
(kg/h)
Wi: Lng nc bc ln cc hiu
(kg/h)
R,Ei: Lng hi th ly ra cc hiu
(kg/h)
ih: Hm nhit ca hi t hiu I
(Kcal/kg)
ii: Hm nhit ca hi th ca cc hiu
(Kcal/kg)
ing: Hm nhit nc ngng t hi t trong cc hiu (Kcal/kg)
Cn: Nhit dung ring ca nc, Cn = 1,014
(Kcal/kg.0C)
Ci: Nhit dung ring ca dung dch cc hiu
(Kcal/kg.0C)
Cc thng s c tng hp trong cc bng sau:
Hm nhit ca hi th
ih
i1
i2
i3
i4
651,6
638,2
626,8 130,5
648,6
644
Nhit dung ring dd

C1
C2
C3
C4
0,923 0,881 0,8
0,72
D0
(kg/h)
40781,42
o
t( C)
115
G
(kg/h)
100921,66
ts1(oC)
125,18
Hm nhit nc ngng
ing1
ing2
ing3
121,3
109
ing4
94,5
Lng hi ph ly ra cc hiu
R (kg/h)
E1 (kg/h) E2 (kg/h) E3 (kg/h)
15002,86
9010,38
5540,72
1971,87
o
o
o
ts2( C)
ts3( C)
ts4( C)
113,91
100,06
75,9
Da trn 4 phng trnh cn bng nhit ta tnh c:

- Lng hi th bc ra hiu I:
W1 =
D0 (ih ingl ) Gd .C1 (t s1 td )

i1 Cn .t s1
= 38919,09 (kg/h).
- Nng cht tan nc ma ra khi hiu I: Bx1 =

SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
Gd xX d
Gd W1 = 22,15%.
n tt nghip
51
- Lng hi th bc ra hiu II
W2 =
(W1 E1 R)(i1 ing 2 ) (Gd W1 ).C2 (t s 2 t S 1 )

= 16036,84 (kg/h).
i2 Cn .t s 2
- Nng cht tan nc ma ra khi hiu II: Bx2 =

-
Gd xX d
= 29,88%.
Gd W1 W2
Lng hi th bc ra hiu III

W3 =
(W2 E2 )(i2 ing 3 ) (Gd W1 W2 ).C3 (t s 3 t S 2 )

= 11410,97 (kg/h).
i3 Cn .t s 3
-Nng cht tan nc ma ra khi hiu III: Bx3 =
Gd xX d
Gd W1 W2 W3 = 39,75.
-Lng hi th bc ra hiu IV
W4 =
(W3 E3 )(i3 ing 4 ) (Gd W1 W2 W3 ).C4 (t s 4 t S 3 )

i4 Cn .t s 4
= 10426,90 (kg/h).
-Nng cht tan nc ma ra khi hiu IV:

Gd xX d
Bx4 = G W W W W = 56,93%.
d
1
2
3
4
Nh vy lng hi t vo hiu I khng c c n nng cui Bx =
60%. Ta chn Do = 41500 (kg/h)
Tnh ton tng t ta c:
Hiu I: W1= 45179,63 (kg/h), Bx=21,53 %
Hiu II: W2=23039,55 (kg/h), Bx= 31,53%
Hiu III: W3= 16632,98 (kg/h), Bx= 47,44 %
Hiu IV: W4= 6858,95(kg/h),
Bx= 60%
5.4.3. Tnh sai s

Lng hi thc t tnh c - lng hi gi thuyt ban u
=
Lng hi thc t
Bng 5.12: Kt qu tnh sai s
Lng hi bc thc t
(kg/h)
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
Lng hi bc gi thit Sai s

(kg/h)
%
n tt nghip
52
Hiu I
44486,48
1,53
45179,63
Hiu II
23633,44
2,57
23039,55
Hiu III
16682,43
0,29
16632,98
Hiu IV
6951
1,34
6858,95
Cc gi tr sai s khng vt qu 5% nn xem gi thit phn phi hi ban u l
ph hp.
5.5. Nhit dng cho cc yu cu khc
5.5.1. Hi dung C v ng h B
ng B v C sau khi li tm em i h v hi dng lm phi liu nu ng non
B,C
Trc khi a vo nu phi nng nhit cc nguyn liu ln 75oC. ng B v
C sau li tm c nhit 50oC
Bng 5.13: Tng nhit dng hi dung C v h B
ng B
ng C
Khi
lng
(kg/h)
3032,50
3275,42
t
o
C
50
50
tc
o
C
75
75
C
(kcal/kg.oC)
0,441
0,447
Q
(Kcal/kg)
33433,31
36602,82
Tng nhit lng c tnh tn tht 10%, Q1 = 1,1(QB+QC) =77039,74 (kcal/h).

Dng hi sng gia nhit :P = 3at, I=651,6 (kcal/h),
Cng =1,011(Kcal/kg.oC),tng =132oC
Lng hi cn : D1 =
Q1
77039,74
=
= 148,68 (kg/h)
651,6 1,011x132
I Cng xt ng
5.5.2. Dng gia nhit cc nguyn liu nu ng

Gi s nng nhit t 25oC ln 75oC
Bng 5.14: Nhit lng dng gia nhit cc nguyn liu nu ng
TT
Khi lng
(kg/h)
1
Mt ch
20279,58
2
Mt A
10272,29
3
Mt B
2837,08
4
Ging B,C
2208,75
5
Nc chnh 2026,59
l
Tng (Q2)
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
C
(Kcal/kg.oC)
0,658
0,544
0,533
0,498
1
t2-t1
o
C
50
50
50
50
50
Q
(Kcal/h)
667198,18
279406,29
75608,18
54997,88
101329,5
1178540,03
n tt nghip
53
Q2
1178540 ,03
Lng hi t cn: D2 = I C .t =
= 2274,52 (kg/h)
651,6 1,011.132
ng ng
5.5.3. Nhit un nng nc dng ra thit b lc chn khng thng quay
Khi lng nc ra Gr = 3916,67 (kg/h)
Q3=1,1.3916,67.1.(80-25) = 236958,54 (kcal/h).
Q3
236958,54
D3 = I C .t =
= 457,32 (kg/h).
651,6 1,011.132
ng ng
5.5.4. Nhit un nc thm thu
Khi lng nc thm thu Gtt = 587,5 (tn/ngy) = 24479,17 (kg/h).
Q4=1,1.24479,17.1.(47-25)= 592395,91 (kcal/h).
Q4
592395,91
D4 = I C .t =
= 1143,29 (kg/h).
651,6 1,011.132
ng ng
5.5.5. Lng hi dng ra thit b
Ly 0,5% so vi lng ma: D5 = 0,005 x 2350 x
1000
= 489,58 (kg/h)
24
5.5.6. Nhit dng sy ng thnh phm

ng thnh phm sau khi li tm c m 0,5% v nhit 60oC. em sy
nhit 70oC thu ng c m 0,1% [6, tr 287].
Lng nc bc hi: W =
G1 ( W1 W2 )
19491,67 (0,5 0,1)
=
= 78,04 kg/h.
100 W2
100 0,1
Vi G1 = 19491,67 khi lng ng A em sy

Trng thi khng kh trc khi vo calorife
t o = 25,5 o C , 0 = 85%, x 0 = 0,018(kg / kgkkk ), I o = 16,8( Kcal / kg )
Trng thi khng kh sau khi ra khi my sy

t 2 = 70 o C , 2 = 10,5%, x 2 = 0,02(kg / kgkkk), I 2 = 30( Kcal / kg )
Khng kh kh cn : L =
W
78,04
= 39020 (kg/h).
=
x1 x2
0,02 0,018
* Cn bng nhit qu trnh sy

Nhit vo: - Do khng kh mang vo : L.I0 (Kcal/h)
- Do ng mang vo: G1.C1.t1 (Kcal/h)
- Nhit un nng caloriphe Qc (Kcal/h)
Nhit ra: - Do khng kh mang ra: L.I2 (Kcal/h)
- Do ng mang ra : G2.C2.t2 (Kcal/h)
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
54
- Do tn tht : 0,1Qc (Kcal/h)

Vi: G2 khi lng ng A sau khi sy: G2 = G1 W1 = 19413,63
T phng trnh cn bng nhit, c:
Qc =
L( I 2 I 0 ) + G2 C 2 t 2 G1 C1 t1
= 658600,11(kcal / h)
0,9
Qc
658600 ,11
D6 = I C .t =
= 1271,07 (kg/h)
651,6 1,011.132
ng ng
5.5.7. Tng lng hi dng cho cc yu cu khc
D = D1 + D2 + D3 + D4 + D5 + D6 = 5784,46 (kg/h).
Bng 5.15: Tng hp lng hi dng trong nh my
TT
1
2
3
4
Mc ch s dng
Hi t dng cho nu ng
Hi t dng cho bc hi
Hi t dng cho yu cu khc
Tng
Khi lng (kg/h)

14713,57
41500
5784,46
62101,7
% so vi ma
9,75
39,9
5,537
55,2
Lng hi tn tht khng xc nh ly 5% so vi lng hi tnh ton.

Lng hi thc t nh my s dng: Dtt = 1,05 62101,7 = 65206,78 (kg/h).
T l hi s dng so vi ma =
Dtt 24 100
= 57,96%
2700 1000
Chng 6
TNH V CHN THIT B
6.1. H thng p
Nng sut nh my 2350 tn ma/ngy = 97,917 (tn/h).
Chn h my p gm 5 b trc, mi b trc gm 3 trc p: trc nh, trc trc,
trc sau, kch thc cc trc D xL =1090x2100 (mm), [theo s liu c cung cp
bi nh my c kh thit b ng].
6.1.1. Tc trc p
Tc trc p c suy ra t cng thc :
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
C=k
C '..L.D 2 N
f
55
(tn/h) [ 6, tr 63].
Trong :
C : Nng sut p ca nh my : 97,917(tn/h)
f : % x trong ma : 11,8 % [
C' : H s x l s b ca my bm, C' = 1,2

D : ng knh ca trc p , D = 1,09 (m)
L : Chiu di ca trc p, L = 2,1 (m)
N :S trc p, N = 15
: tc quay ca trc p (v/ph)
k : H s c xc nh bi cng thc : k = 60...d.F [6, tr 63].
Vi F : % x trong b, F = 48,87 % [ CBVC bng 5.1, tr 27 ].
: H s, chn = 0,025
d : Trng lng ring ca b, d = 0,23 (tn/m3 ) (thc t sn xut)
k = 60 x 3,14 x 0,025 x 0,23 x 48,87% = 0,53
my p lm vic n nh, nng sut my p ln hn tnh ton 1, 2 ln.
Vy:
1,2 97,917 11,8%

1,2.c. f
=
k .C ' .L.D 2 N 0,53 1,2 2,1 0,9 2 15 = 2,259 (v/ph).
Tc my p tha mn iu kin :
18D =18 1, 09 =19, 62 [5, tr 61].
Trong thc t sn xut c th s dng tc trc p tng dn hoc gim dn.
ch to my p n gin, ta chn tc cc my p ging nhau = 2,3
(v/ph).
6.1.2. Kim tra li h my p:
Theo thc t v kt qu thc nghim, nu h my p c trc cng bc th vi
nng sut 1 tn ma/gi, din tch trc p cn: 0,6 0,9(m2), chn 0,9 m2 . Nh vy,
vi nng sut l 2350 tn/ngy th din tch trc p l :
S=
2350 0,9
= 88,13 (m2)
24
88,13
S trc p l : n = S =
= 12,26
.D.L 3,14 1,09 2,1
Vy chn h thng p 15 trc nh trn l hp l.
6.2. Bng ti ma
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
56
20
Dao bm 2
1,33
0,6
Dao bm 1
My nh ti
Hnh 6.1: H thng bng ti ma

Tm bng c ghp t cc tm thp nh, c 2 si xch chy dc theo chiu
di tm bng. Chiu rng bng ti bng chiu di trc p 2100 mm. Bng ti chuyn
ng nh ng c thng qua bnh rng khp vi xch. H thng bng ti gm 2 bng
ti chnh:
+ Bng ti nm ngang, vn chuyn ma t bn la n sau dao bm 2. on ny
nm ngang, c t di lng t, cch mt t 0,6 m c chiu di c tnh theo
cng thc sau:
L1 = 5 x C1/3 = 5 x 87,51/3 = 22,19 m.
+ Bng ti nghing, vn chuyn ma t sau dao bm 2 n my nh ti. Ma sau
khi qua dao bm 2 c xung bng ti nghing 20o vn chuyn ln my nh
ti. u cao ca bng ti ny cch mt t h = 2m. Nh vy chiu di bng ti
nghing: L2 =
h
2
=
= 5,88 (m). Chn L2 = 6 (m).
sin sin 20
Tng chiu di bng ti = L1 + L2= 22,19 + 6 = 28,19 (m).

1
2
Tc bng ti: v = 1/2vtrc p = D

=
[6, tr38]
1
x 3,14 x 1,09 x 3,2 = 5,48 (m/ph).
2
6.3. My bm ma
Dng 2 dao bm t bng ti ngang
6.3.1. My bm 1:
S li dao: n1 =
L
1 [5, tr 40].
d1
Trong : L : Chiu rng ca bng ti ma, L = 2100 (mm)

d1: Khong cch cc li dao, chn d = 45 (mm), [5, tr 40].
Vy n1 =
2,1
1 = 46
0, 045
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
57
Mi a dao gm 2 li dao gn i xng, vy phi dng 23 a dao

Quay cng chiu vi bng ti.
Tc quay 400 - 600(v/ph), chn 500(v/ph), [5, trang 40].
Cng sut ng c truyn ng: N1 = 9,832
Trong : 9,832 : Cng sut in cho 1 tn x/h
: Lng x ma bm trong 1 gi, = 277,3 (tn/ngy)
=11,554 (tn/h) [Cn bng vt cht, tr 25].

N1 = 9,832 x = 9,832 x 11,554 = 113,60 (kw).
6.3.2. My bm 2
S li dao : n2 =
L
1
d2
Chn d2 = 20 (mm), L = 2100(mm).

Vy n2 =
2,1
1 = 104 .
0, 02
S a dao l: 52 (a).
- Tc quay :500 (v/ph)
- ng c truyn ng : N2 = 14,72 x
Trong : 14,72 : Cng sut in cho 1 tn x/h, [5, trang 42].
: Lng x ma bm trong 1 gi, = 11,554 (tn/h) [Cn bng vt
cht].
N2 = 14,72 x = 14,72 x 11,554 = 170,07
6.4. My nh ti
Chn my nh ti kiu ba.
ng knh Rto : D =
3600 .Q.(i 1)
, [2, tr 230].
K .L.n 2
Q : Nng sut ca h my p, Q = 97,917 (tn/h).

i : Mc ti t 10 15, chn i = 12 [4, tr 230]
K : H s thc nghim t 4 6,2 . Chn K = 5
n: Vn tc quay ca Rto t 500-800 (v/ph) . Chn n = 800 (v/ph)
L : Chiu di Rto, L=2100 (mm)
Vy D =
3600 (12 1) 97,917

= 0,76m
5 2,1 800 2
Cng sut tiu hao ca my :

SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
58
N = (0,1+0,15) .i.Q, [2, tr 230].

N = 0,25 x12 x 97,917 = 293,75 (kW)
6.5. Cn nh lng
Khi lng nc ma hn hp qua cn :
G = 2370,05 (tn/ngy) = 98,75 (tn/h)
Th tch nc ma hn hp qua cn :
V = 2251,18 (m3/ngy) =93,80 (m3/h)
Chn cn t ng loi 3 tn nc ma /m cn
S m cn trong 1 gi :
98,75
G
= 32,92 , Ly 33 m
=
3
3
Th tch mt m qua cn : V' =V/s m =
93,25
V
=
= 2,83 m3
33
33
Th tch thng cn : Vt = V'/. Vi l h s cha y, chn =0,85.

Vt = 2,83/0,85 = 3,3m3.
Chn cn c dng hnh tr, y hnh nn ct vi cc kch thc nh hnh sau
1,5
V2 l th tch hnh nn ct
V2 =
.h2
3,14 1
( D 2 + d 2 + D.d ) =
(1,5 2 + 0,4 2 + 1,5 0,4) = 1,30,8m 3
12
12
Chn: ng knh hnh tr: 1,5 m

ng knh hnh chp: 0,4 m
2
chiu cao h = 1m
Th tch phn hnh tr: V1 = Vt V2 = 3,3 0,8 = 2,5 m3
Chiu cao phn tr h1:
V1 = . h1 .D2/4 h1 = 4.V1/ .D2 = 1,4(m).
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
59
Chiu cao tng ca thit b H = 1,4+ 0,3+1 = 2,7 (m).

Vy kch thc thng cn l : D x H=1500 x 2700 (mm).
6.6. Thit b gia vi
Chn thit b gia vi loi hnh tr, lm vic lin tc c cnh khuy.
Th tch nc ma hn hp sau gia vi s b:
V = 2375,11 /1,05549=2250,25(m3/ngy) =93,76(m3/h)
Th tch nc ma hn hp sau gia vi trung ha
V1=2252,17 (m3/ngy) = 93,84 (m3/h)
Tnh cho thit b c yu cu th tch ln nht V =93,84 (m3/h)
Th tch thng: Vt =
V.
(m3 )
60. .n.
Trong : V: th tch nc ma , (m3/h)

: Thi gian nc ma lu trong thng, = 10 pht.
:H s cha y, = 0,85
n : S lng thng, n = 1
Thay s: Vt = 18,51 (m3).
ng knh thng chn D = 2,5(m).
Chiu cao thng: H =
4 18,51
4.Vt
= 3,75 (m).
2 =
3,14 2,5 2
.D
Vy DxH=2500x3750(mm)
Chn 2 thit b nh nhau dng cho gia vi ln 1 v gia vi ln 2.
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
D
n tt nghip
60
Hnh 6.3: Thit b gia vi

6.7. Thit b gia nhit
Chn thit b gia nhit kiu ng chm
Hnh 6.4: Thit b gia nhit

B mt truyn nhit c tnh theo cng thc:
Q
F=
(m2). [3, trang 300]
K. t tb
Trong : Q : Nhit lng dng gia nhit.(kcal/h)
ttb : Hiu s nhit trung bnh, 0C
TB =
t d - t c
t
2,3 lg d
t c
Vi : t = T - t
tc = T - tc
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
[3, tr 300].
T: Nhit hi t, 0C
t: Nhit nc ma trc khi gia nhit, 0C
tc: Nhit nc ma sau khi gia nhit, 0C
n tt nghip
61
K :H s truyn nhit, (Kcal/h.m2.0C) K = 5T V + 0,54 [5, trang 35]

V: vn tc nc ma trong ng, chn V=1,5m/s
Bng 6.1: B mt truyn nhit ca thit b gia nhit
Q
Kcal/h
Gia nhit 1
Gia nhit 2
Gia nhit 3
4990719,49
3007502,1
1023991,4
T
o
C
t
o
C
tc
o
C
94,9
25
t tb
o
Kcal
h.m2.0C
F
m2
75
39,84
588,84
212,72
110,1 72
105
16,43
683,15
294,78
121,1 100
115
12,40
751,41
168,51
Tnh cho thit b c din tch truyn nhit ln nht F = 294,78 (m2).
Xp ng truyn nhit theo kiu hnh lc gic u. Kch thc thit b c tnh
nh sau:
2
ng knh thit b tnh theo cng thc: Dt r = 1 ,n0c 5t
K
( m ) [8,
[ 3 ,trt r294].
ang 294]
nc: s ng tiu chun

t: bc ng, t=(1,3-1,6)dn, chn t =1,5 dn
K: h s xp ng, chn K = 0,8 [8, tr 295]
ng knh ng dn= 45 mm
Chn chiu di ng truyn nhit l = 4 m.
S ng truyn nhit: n =
F
294,78
=
= 521,56
d nl 3,14 0,045 4
S ng qui chun n =547(ng) [4, tr 48]

Bc ng t =1,5.0,045=0,07 (m)
Dtr = 1,05
547 0,07 2
= 1,85(m).
0,8
B dy thit b chn 10 (mm)

ng knh ngoi thit b Dn = Dtr+0,02 =1,85+0,02 =1,87(m)
Chn khong cch t b mt v ng n b mt thit b : 0,25(m)
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
62
Chiu cao thit b H = 4+0,25.2 = 4,5(m).

S dng 4 thit b c ging nhau, trong d phng thm 1 thit b
6.8. Thit b lng
Nng sut cng on lng: V=75,34(m3/h).
Chn thit b lng Door, gm 5 ngn, 4 ngn chnh v 1 ngn phn phi, bn
trong c cnh khuy gt bn.
Cu trc v kch thc c bn ca thit b nh sau:
H1
H2
Hnh 6.5. Thit b lng lin tc

+ B mt lng thit b tnh theo cng thc: F =
V
, (m2) [10, tr 173]
Trong : V: dch vo lng, V= 2251,18 (m3/ngy) = 93,8 (m3/h).

: Tc lng, m = 0,50,6(m/h). Chn m = 0,6 (m/h)
Vy: F =
93,8
= 156,33(m 2 ).
0,6
+ Din tch lng ca mi ngn: f =
156,33
= 31,27 ( m 2 ).
5
+ ng knh thit b:
Ta c: f= D 2 vi D - ng knh thit b
4
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
D=
63
4f
4 31,27
= 6,31 (m).[1, tr 294]
3,14
+ Th tch thit b lng: Vt = V. (m3)

.n
Trong : V : th tch nc ma i lng, V = 93,8 (m3/h)

: Thi gian nc ma lu trong thit b, = 2 (h).
: H s cha y ca thit b, = 0,85
n: S thit b, chn n = 1.
Vt =
93,8 2
= 220 ,71 ( m 2 ).
0,85 1
+Tnh cc kch thc ch yu ca thng lng :

Chn gc nghing ca y thit b = 150
ng knh y chp ct d = 1600 (mm)
Chiu cao ca chp nn ct:
h2 = (
D d
6,31 1,6
) tag = (
) = 2,36 m
2 2
2
2
h
+Th tch phn nn ct : V = 2 (D 2 + d 2 + D.d) = 32,35(m 3 )
2
12
+Th tch phn hnh tr :V1 = Vt -V2 = 220,71 32,35 = 188,36 (m3)
4.V
1 = 4 188,36 = 6,03(m)
h
=
Suy ra chiu cao phn hnh tr l: 1
.D 2 3,14 6,312
Vy chiu cao ton b thit b l :H = h1 + h2 = 6,03 + 2,36 = 8,39 (m)

Kt qu tnh v chn thit b lng nh sau:
ng knh D = 5,63 (m).
ng knh ng trung tm d tt = 0,1D = 0,1 x 6,31= 0,631 (m).
Chiu cao H=8,39 (m).
nghing y 15o.
Chn vn tc cnh khuy 6 (v/ph) [6, tr 170].
6.9. Thit b lc chn khng thng quay
+ Khi lng nc bn em lc: G = 477,05(tn/ngy) = 19,88 (tn/h), [Cn
bng vt cht, tr 29]..
+Th tch nc bn em lc: V = 433,68 (m3/ngy) =18,07 (m3/h). [Cn bng vt
cht, tr 29].
V
+ Din tch lc: F =
,(m2)
60 C
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
64
Trong : V: Th tch nc bn
C: Tc lc, C = 30 [lt/m2.pht]= 30.10-3[m3/m2.pht].
: h s s dng din tch lc, = (0,250,3).
Chn = 0,3.
F=
18,07
2
=
60 30.10 3 x0,3 33,46 (m ).
2
Da vo qui chun F = 25; 30; 35; 40; 45; 50; 55 (m ). Chn F1 = 35 (m2), [5, tr57].
F=
F 33,46
=
= 0,96 1 thit b. Chn D = 3 m.
F1
35
Chiu di thng quay: L =
F1
= 3,55 (m)
D
Chn thit b lc chn khng vi c tnh k thut nh sau:

+ Kch thc thng lc: D x L = 3 x 3,55 (m)
+ S lng thit b: 1 (ci).
6.10. Thit b lc ng (Lc kim tra)
+ Th tch mt ch lc ng: V = 435,24 (m3/ngy) = 18,14(m3/h), [CBVC, tr31]
+ Tc lc i vi mt ch: C = 10 (lit/m2.pht) =10-2 (m3/m2.pht)
+ H s s dng din tch lc: = 0,3
+ Din tch lc cn: F =
V
18,14
=
= 100,76 (m2).
60.C. 60 10 -2 0,3
Chn my lc Stellar c c tnh sau: [6, tr 186].

+ Chiu cao thit b: 2450 (mm).
+ ng knh thit b: 1400 (mm)..
+ S ng lc: n = 20
+ Chiu di ng lc: l = 1800 (mm)
+ ng knh ng lc: d = 1300 (mm).
- Din tch ca mi my: S = n 3,14 d L = 13,56 m2
- S lng my lc cn dng: N =
F 100,56
= 7,43 . Chn 8 my.
=
13,56
S
6.11. Thit b bc hi
Chn thit b bc hi dng ng chm c ng tun hon trung tm
Kch thc c bn ca thit b nh sau:
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
65
Hnh 6.6: Thit b c c

Lng nhit cung cp cho cc hiu c tnh theo cng thc
Q =Wi.ri [6, tr 191]
Wi :Lng hi th bc ra hiu th i (Kg/h)
ri :n nhit ha hi hiu th i (Kcal/kg)
B mt truyn nhit cc hiu c tnh theo cng thc:
F=
Q
(m2)
K . tb
[2, tr 301]
Trong : Q : Nhit cung cp cho bung t (Kcal/h)

K : H s truyn nhit, (kcal/h.m2.0C) [6, tr 203].
4 3 2 .t
4 3 2 .t
otran
K =
w( 2/moC .= )
K ca( l h /[52,.m
C . g 2 0) 3 ]
c
1 ,1 6 2 .c
c : nng dung dch, Bx
t :nhit si dung dch, oC
Bng 6.2: Kt qu tnh K
Hiu
I
II
III
IV
ts (oC)
123,28
113,01
98,96
75,9
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
Bx
K
2 0
(kcal/h.m
1915,50 . C)
23,91
32,86
1277,61
43,85
838,38
60
469,86
Bng 6.3: Kt qu tnh F
n tt nghip
66
t
W
r
Q (kcal/h)
F (m2)
(Kg/h)
(Kcal/kg)
(0C)
I
39550,600 519,3
20538626,86 6,92 1483,22
II
16833,99
542,8
9137488,52 8,09 848,82
III
11581,44
553,82
6414030,34 11,14 668,14
IV
9509,32
556,8
5294790,92 19
593,14
2
Tnh theo hiu c b mt truyn nhit ln nht F = 1483,22 (m ).
Kch thc ng truyn nhit L x dt x dn =3000 x 48 x 52 (mm).
dt, dn :ng knh trong, ngoi ca ng truyn nhit.
Hiu
F
1483,22
=
= 3280,3 3281 ng.
d tr .L 3,14 0,048 3
ng tun hon trung tm:

Din tch chn bng 20% tng din tch cc ng truyn nhit [2, trang 75].
S=
2
20% 3281 3,14 0,048 2
20%.n. .d t
= 1,19(m 2 ) .
=
4
4
ng knh trong ng tun hon trung tm:

D=
1,19 x 4
3,14 = 1,23
th
ng knh ngoi ca ng tun hon trung tm d = 1,23 + 0,02=1,25 (m)

ng knh bung t [6, tr 74].
0 , 4 2 sin F d n
D =
bd
L
2
+ d.dn + 2(m
. ) [5 , tran g 7 4 ]
th
Trong
= 1,3 -1,5 ,ly = 1,5
sin = sin 60 o =
3
2
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
:h s s dng li ng = 0,7-0,9,
bd
D =
0,4 x1,5 2 x
67
= 0,9
3
x1483,22 x 0,052
2
+ (1,79 + 2 x1,5 x0,052) 2 = 4,92(m).
0,9 x3
b
ng knh bung bc: D =1,1D = 5,41(m).

Chiu cao bung bc H = (1,5-2)L. Chn H = 1,5L = 1,5 x 3 = 4,5 (m).
y, c cao H = 0,8(m)
ht
ht
B phn thot hi D xH = 2x2,4(m)

th
th
hi ng :D xH = 1x2,36 (m)
Chiu cao thit b H =3+4,5+0,8+2,4 =10,7 (m).
S dng 4 thit b
6.12. Thit b nu ng
6.12.1. H s truyn nhit
Theo kt qu thc nghim ca cc nh my:
Ni nu A: KA = 500 (Kcal/(m2.h.0C)
Ni nu B: KB = 200 (Kcal/(m2.h.0C)
Ni nu C: KC = 90 (Kcal/(m2.h.0C)
6.12.2. Lng nhit cung cp cho cc ni nu:
Ta c Q = Dh.ih + Rht.iht (Kcal/h).
Trong : Dh: Lng hi t cung cp cho qu trnh nu ng, (Kcal/h).
ih: Hm nhit hi t, (Kcal/kg)
Rht: Lng hi th cung cp cho qu trnh nu ng, (Kcal/kg)
iht: Hm nhit hi th, (Kcal/kg).
Bng 6.4: Kt qu tnh nhit cung cp cho cc ni nu
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
Ni nu D(kg/h) ih(kcal/kg)
A
4470,39 651.6
B
1370,90 651.6
C
1235,98 651.6
6.12.3. Tnh b mt truyn nhit
F=
68
R(kg/h)
6705,58
2056,36
1853,97
iht(kcal/kg)
648,08
648,08
648,08
Q(kcal/h)
7258657,511
2225963,46
1483907,6
Q
(m2)
K.t
Trong : Q: Nhit cung cp cho ni nu. (Kcal/h) .

K: H s truyn nhit, (Kcal/(m2.h.0C)
t: Hiu s nhit hi t v nhit si dch ng (0C).
Bng 6.5: Kt qu tnh b mt truyn nhit

th
ts
K
F
t
(0C)
(0C)
(kcal/h.m2.0C) (0C)
(m2)
277,5
A
123
500
70,7
52,30
227,9
B
123
200
7
74,17
48,83
344,7
C
123
90
2
75,17
47,83
Chn ni nu dng gin on c ng trung tm, tun hon t nhin.
1 Hi t i
ngoi ng truyn nhit, cn nguyn liu nu tun trong ng
6.12.4. Cc thng s ni nu ng
1. Non A
Ni nu
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
69
Kch thc c bn ca ni nu non A nh sau:
Hnh 6.7: Thit b nu ng

Kch thc ng truyn nhit ni nu A: L.dtr.dn =1500 x 90 x 95 (mm)
dtr, dn :ng knh trong, ngoi ca ng truyn nhit
Chn F non A = 315 [9, tr 80].
F
315
=
= 744
d tr .L 3,14 x0,09 x1,5
Din tch ng tun hon trung tm chn bng 20% tng din tch cc ng
truyn nhit [2, tr 75]
Sth =
20%.n. .d tr 20% x744 x3,14 x0,09 2

=
= 0,95
4
4
ng knh trong ng tun hon trung tm

SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
70
Sth .4
0,95 x 4
=
= 1,1(m).
3,14
d th =
ng knh bung t
2
0, 42 sin F d n
+ d + .d
2. n (m) [5, trang 74]
th
L
D bd =
Trong
= 1, 3 -1,5 ,ly = 1, 5
sin = sin 60 o =
3
2
:h s s dng li ng = 0,7-0,9,
= 0,9
Thay s vo, ta c D = 6,97 (m)

ng knh bung bc: Dbb = 1,1Db = 7,67 (m)
Chiu cao bung bc: Hbb = (1,5 2)L. Chn Hb = 2L=3(m)
Chiu cao y ni: hy= 0,8 (m) [2, trang 388]
Phn nghing gia bung t v bung bc: hng1= 0,4 (m).
Phn nghing gia bung bc v b phn thot hi th hng2 = 0,7 (m)
L thot ng non c ng knh a= 0,6 (m)
B phn thot hi th DhtxLht = 2x2 (m)
Tng chiu cao ni: H = 0,8+1,5+0,4+3+0,7+2= 8,4 (m)
* Th tch thit b cha c: Vt = Vbb + Vb + Vy
.D 2bb
H bb (m3)
Trong :Vbb: th tch bung bc, (m ): Vbb =
4
3
Vb: Th tch bung t cha ng non, (m3)

Vb =
.(d tr ) 2 .L.n .(d th ) 2 .L

+
, (m3)
4
4
Vy: Th tch phn y cha ng non, (m3)
Vy =
. h y
( Db2 + a 2 + a.D b ) , (m3)
12
Vi: Dbb = 7,67 (m), Hbb = 3 (m)
Db = 6,97 (m), L = 1,5 (m)
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
71
a = 0,6 (m), dtr = 0,09 (m)

hy = 0,8(m)
Thay s c: Vbb = 138,5 (m3), Vb = 8,52 (m3), Vy = 11,12 (m3)
Th tch ca ni nu ng non A l:
Vt = Vbb + Vb + Vy = 158,14 (m3)
H s cha khi nu ng non l: = 0,8
Nh vy th tch ng non cho php nu l: V = 126,51 (m3)
2. Ni nu non B,C, ging cng ging nh ni nu A
6.12.5. Tnh s ni nu ng:
Gi V0 : Th tch ng non nu, (m3/ngy).
:Thi gian nu 1 ni, (h)
V : Dung tch ca ni nu c, (m3)
V
Tnh s ni nu theo cng thc sau: n = o
24 V
Bng 6.6: Kt qu tnh ca thit b nu
G
V0
3
(tn/ngy) (tn/m ) (m3)
V
(m3)
Non A
492,789
1,496
329,328
Non B
129,34
1,518
Non C
145,03
Ni nu
Ging
48,70
[1, trang 163]
Chn
(h)
n
(ni)
126,51
0,325
85,1958
126,51
0,1404
1,554
93,337
126,51
0,246
1,469
33,1616
126,51
0,055
V lng ging B,C t nn c th nu chung vi ni nu non B

Nh vy chn 3 ni nu ging nhau
6.13. Thit b tr tinh
Qu trnh kt tinh c thc hin trong cc thit b thng h, nm ngang.
i vi ng non A, B v ging, lm ngui t nhin, c cnh khuy.
i vi ng non C, s dng thit b kt tinh loi a khuyt: lm lnh cng
bc bng b mt truyn nhit kiu cc a khuyt qua
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
72
D
h
Hnh 6.8: Thit b tr tinh

Dung tch thit b: V1 = (1,11,15)V (m3). Chn V1 = 1,15V
V: Dung tch c ch ca ni nu, (m3).
S thit b tr tinh c tnh: m =
Vo . .n
24.V
Trong :V0 : Th tch ng non nu c, (m3)

: Thi gian tr tinh, (h)
n: S ni nu ng
V: Dung tch c ch ca ni nu (m3/m)
Bng 6.7: Kt qu tnh ton thit b tr tinh
Thit b
Tr tinh
A
Tr tinh
B
Tr tinh
Vo
(m3/ngy) (h)
330,56
V1
V (m )
(m3)
n
(ci)
126,51
145,48
m
0,22
Chn
m
(ci)
1
5
1
0,13
1
78,94
126,51 145,48
90,16
18 126,51 145,48
1
0,53
1
CChn thit b hnh ch nht, y bn tr, bn trong c cnh khuy.
Vbt : Th tch phn bn tr (m3)
D: ng knh bn tr, chn D = 3 (m)
L : Chiu di thit b, chn L = 7 (m)
.D 2.L 3,14 32 7
V =
=
= 24,73 (m3).
bt
8
8
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
73
Chiu cao phn bn tr H h = Vbt/D.L = 24,73/3x7 = 1,18 (m).

Vcn: Th tch phn ch nht
Vcn = D.L.h = V1 Vbt = 55,96 24,73= 31,23 (m3).
V
31,23
= 1,30(m)
h= 2 =
D.L
24
Suy ra H = h + 1,18 = 2,48 (m).
Vy kch thc thit b tr tinh nm ngang cho non A,B,C:
L x D x H = 7000 x 3000 x 2480 (mm)
Chn 4 thit b trong c 1 thit b d phng
6.14. Thit b ly tm
* Li tm A, B
S dng thit b li tm gin on bn t ng
Vi cc s liu k thut sau:
- D x H = 1350 x 650(mm)
- Tc quay : 600 1200 vng/pht
- Cng sut ng c: 55 (kw)
- Nng sut i vi ng non A,B: 14 tn/h; non C:8 tn/h
*S my li tm
G T 1000
m=
60 24 q n E
(ci)
Trong : G: Khi lng ng non (tn/ngy)

T: chu k ly tm, T=3 [nu mt,286]
q: nng sut ca my ly tm (kg/m)
n: h s s dng thi gian, chn n= 0,9
E: h s s dng nng sut ca my, chn E= 0,8
Hng mc
G(tn/ ngy) q(kg/ m)
T(pht) m
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
Chn
n tt nghip
Li tm A
Li tm B
74
491,46
130,43
500
500
3
7
2,84
1,76
3
2
*Li tm C:
Chn thit b li tm l vic lin tc nh nh my ng Qung Ngi c c tnh
k thut nh sau:
-
Kch thc thng quay: D = 1300
S vng quay: 400-2500 (vng/pht)
Cng sut ng c in: 55 (kw)
Nng sut 3,5 tn/h
Gc=146,27 tn/ngy
Kch thc chung ca my: D x H = 1300 x 1000
- S my li tm C:
Mc=
G
146,27
=
= 1,74 chn 2 my
24 N 24 3,5
6.15. My sy ng
Chn h thng my sy thng quay. Thng sy t nm nghing so vi mt
phng ngang gc 30. Tc nhn sy l khng kh nng do Caloriphe cp nhit. Thit b
lm vic ngc chiu: ng v tc nhn sy di chuyn ngc chiu nhau. tng
cng qu trnh xo trn v qu trnh trao i nhit m, ta b tr trong thng sy cc
cnh khuy n.
s
Cnh khuy n bn trong thng sy
Khi lng nc bc hi W = 39,62 (kg/h). [cn bng nhit]
* Th tch thng: Vt =
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
w
A
= Vt = 4,95 (m3)
n tt nghip
75
Trong : W: Lng m bay hi

A: Cng m bay hi, A = 8 (kg/m3.h) [9, tr 207]
* Chiu di thng quay: Lt =
4 Vt
(m) .
Dt2
Theo kinh nghim th quan h gia chiu di v ng knh ca thng Lt/Dt

bng 3,5-7 [5, tr 207].
Chn ng knh ca thng Dt = 1,2 nn Lt =
Ta c :
4 x 4,95
= 4,38(m).
3,14 x1,22
Lt 4,38
L
=
= 3,65 (tho mn iu kin t = 3,5 7 ).
Dt
1,2
Dt
* S vng quay ca thng: n =
m.k.L
(vng/pht) [2, tr122]
.D t .tg
Trong : L: Chiu di ca cnh o trn trong thng, L = 4,38 (m).

k, m: H s ph thuc vo cu to cnh v chiu chuyn ng ca
kh. Chn k = 0,5; m = 0,5 [2, tr 122].
: Gc nghing ca thng quay, =30 [2, tr122]
: Thi gian ng lu trong thng quay, (pht)
1 20 (W - W )
1
2
=
(pht) [2, tr 123]
A [2 00 - (W - W )]
1
2
Vi: : Khi lng ring ti Bx = 99 %, = 1547,19 (kg/m3) [ 1, tr 63]
W1,W2: m u v m cui ca vt liu %
W1 = 0,5%; W2 = 0,1% [cn bng vt cht]
: H s cha y, = 15% [5, tr 122]
A: Cng bay hi m, A = 8 (Kg/m3.h).
Vy =
=> n =
120 15% 1547,19 (0,5 - 0,1)

= 6,98 (pht)
8 [200 (0,5 + 0,1)]
m.k .Lt
0,5 x0,5 x 4,38
=
= 2,5 (vng/pht).
.Dt .tg 6,98 x1,2 xtg 30
Vy ta c D x H = 1,2 x 4,38 (m).

Bng 6.8: Kt qu tnh v chn thit b chnh
TT Thit b
1 VTrc
SVTH:
n Vipt(3Mmy)
i
Kch thc (mm)

SL
D = 1090,
Thit
k nhL=2100
my ng th15hin i
n tt nghip
76
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Cn nh lng
Thit b gia vi s b
Thit b gia vi trung ha
Thit b lng
Thit b lc chn khng thng quay
Thit b lc ng
My li tm A,B,C
Thit b gia nhit
D = 1500, H= 2700
D = 2500, H= 3730
D = 2500, H= 3750
D = 6310, H=8390
D = 3000, L= 3550
D = 1400, H=2450
D = 1350, H = 650
D = 1680, H = 4500
1
1
1
1
1
8
3-2-2
5
10
Thit b bc hi
D = 5410, H = 10700
11
Thit b nu ng
D = 7670, H = 8400
12
Thit b tr tinh
D = 3000, H = 2480
13
My sy ng
D=1200, H = 4380
Chng 7
TNH XY DNG
7.1. Tnh nhn lc lao ng
7.1.1. Ch lm vic ca nh my
Do iu kin kh hu nc ta ch thun li cho vic trng ma v thu hoch
theo ma. Do , cc nh my ng u sn xut theo ma v, mi v khong 6
n 7 thng, t thng 11 nm ny n thng 5,6 nm sau.
Trong thi gian hot ng ca nh my, cng nhn lm vic vi ch
3ca/ngy, sau mi v sn xut, nh my c k hoch tu b, sa cha ln.
7.1.2. Thi gian hot ng sn xut ca nh my
Nh my ngh 5 thng trong c 1 thng sa cha, vy thi gian m ca ca
nh my l 8 thng: 365 120 = 245 (ngy m ca).
Thi gian sa cha + thi gian ngng do s c + ngng do k thut l 45 ngy.
- Thi gian nh my sn xut ra sn phm: 245 45 = 200 (ngy/v).
S ngy lm vic theo lch: 245(ngy).
S ngy lm vic thc s: 245(ngy l+ch nht)= 245-(8 + 32) = 205 (ngy).
H s iu tit nhn lc (K) c tnh nh sau:
K = s ngy lm vic theo lch/s ngy lm vic thc s = 245/205 = 1,195
7.1.3. S cng nhn trc tip sn xut trong phn xng
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
77
7.1.3.1. S cng nhn lm vic theo ca trong ngy

Bng7.1: S cng nhn lm vic trong mt ca v mt ngy
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Nhim v
Mi ca
(ngi)
2
2
4
5
5
2
1
2
6
4
1
1
8
4
2
2
4
55
S ca
Mi ngy
(ngi)
6
6
12
15
15
6
3
6
18
12
3
3
24
12
6
6
12
165
Cn ma v xc nh ch ng
3
Cu ma
3
Phc v sn ma, khu vc p
3
Khu vc p
3
Trung ha, bc hi, gia nhit
3
Lc chn khng
3
Lng trong
3
Lc ng
3
Nu ng v tr tinh
3
Li tm A, B, C
3
Bm mt, h B, hi dung C
3
Sy ng, lm ngui
3
ng bao, bo qun
3
Ha nghim
3
Trm bm
3
Xng in
3
L hi
3
Tng
7.1.3.2. Cng nhn hp ng
Do sn xut theo ma v, tit kim chi ph tr lng cho cng nhn nhng
thng nh my khng hot ng, hoc t xut cn nhn lc tm thi cho sn xut,
cho nn ngoi cng nhn sn xut ca nh my cn tuyn thm mt s cng nhn hp
ng, ch tr lng khi nh my c hot ng sn xut.
- S lng cng nhn hp ng bng 20% so vi cng nhn trc tip sn xut:
CH =165 x 20% = 33 (ngi).
- Cng nhn chnh thc sn xut ca nh my: CCT = 165 - 33 = 132 (ngi).
- S cng nhn bin ch : CBC = K .CCT = 1,195 x 132 = 158 (ngi).
- S cng nhn trc tip sn xut: C = CBC + CH = 158 + 33 = 191 (ngi).
- Cng nhn c in bng 10% tng s cng nhn: CC = 0,1.191 = 20( ngi).
- S cng nhn li xe : 20 (ngi). tit kim chi ph nh my t trang b 20
chic xe, cn li s thu khi n v sn xut.
Vy tng s cng nhn khu sn xut l:
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
78
CT1 = C + CLX + CC = 191 + 20 + 20 = 231 (ngi).

7.1.3.3. Cc lao ng khc
Bng 7.2: Cc lao ng khc
TT
1
2
3
Nhim v
Cng tc thu mua
Qun l kho
Bo v nh my
Tng cng (CT2)
Mi ca (ngi)
4
2
4
10
S ca
3
2
3
Mi ngy (ngi)
12
6
12
30
7.1.3.4. Cn b gin tip qun l: lm 1 ca.

Ly bng 10 % tng s cng nhn
CCB = 10 %(CT1 + CT2) = 10 % (231 + 30 ) = 27 (ngi).
Tng s cn b cng nhn vin ca nh my:
CT = CT1 + CT2 + CCB = 231+ 27 + 30 = 288(ngi).
S cng nhn ca ng nht = s cng nhn sn xut 1 ca + cng nhn c in/3
+li xe/3 +nhn vin hnh chnh = 55 + 20/3 + 20/3 + 27 = 96 (ngi).
7.2. c im khu t
Yu cu: Ngoi nhng yu cu v nhin, nguyn, vt liu, ng giao thng,
ngun lao ng ..Vic la chn a im t nh my phi tun theo yu cu sau
7.2.1. a hnh
Mt bng phi bng phng, dc khng qu 1%, khu t khng trng trnh
s ng v gy ngp nc trong ma ma, l. C kch thc v hnh dng thch
hp xy dng nh my v vic m rng trong tng lai.
7.2.2. a cht
Khu t cn phi tt, khng cn n bin php gia c t. Yu cu t c chu
lc nn 2,5 KG/cm2 tr ln, nn xy dng nh my vng t i c mc nc
ngm thp, trnh khu vc c khong sn pha di.
7.2.3. V sinh cng nghip
Khu xy dng nh my phi cui hng gi ch o khng nh hng n
khu dn c, khong cch t nh my n khu dn c thch hp s hot ng ca
nh my t nh hng n sinh hot ca ngi dn.
Cn trng cy xanh to bng mt, gim bi, iu ho khng kh, m bo sc
khe ca cn b cng nhn vin lao ng trong nh my.
Cc yu cu ny hon ton c p ng do nh my c xy dng trong khu
cng nghip ti mt huyn trung du.
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
79
7.3. Cc cng trnh xy dng ca nh my

7.3.1. Phn xng chnh
Trong sn xut ng, dy chuyn cng ngh c nhiu thit b ti trng ln,
phc tp. thun tin cho vic xy dng v qun l iu hnh, c th phn thnh
cc cng on .
+ X l v p ma.
+ Lm sch .
+ Nu v ng gi thnh phm.
Thit k cch b tr nhng cng on h tr nh: in, hi nc, kho thnh
phm,.... ngoi nh sn xut chnh.
Nh sn xut chnh cao 2 tng, c kt cu bng thp, tng gch dy 25 cm
Kt cu mi: kt cu thp, ca thng gi t nhin. Mi lp bng tn cch nhit
Nn nh : c tc dng cc thit b, chu tc dng lc c hc, chu s n mn
ho hc, d dng v sinh cng nghip.
Cu trc nn gm cc lp sau:
- Lp va xi mng
- Lp b tng
- t nn cht.
- t t nhin.
Kch thc xng sn xut chnh 66 x 30 x 18 (m)
7.3.2. Phn xy dng ngoi phn xng
7.3.2.1. Khu l hi
Khu l hi nm pha sau khu sn xut chnh (sau khu p), c kch thc :
L x W x H = 30 x 18 x 18 (m)
7.3.2.2. Nh lm mm nc: L x W x H = 15 x 10 x 4 (m)
7.3.2.3. Xng in: L x W x H = 15 x 10 x 10 (m)
7.3.2.4. Trm bin p: L x W x H = 6 x 6 x 4 (m)
7.3.2.5. Xng c kh : L x W x H = 26 x 18 x 18 (m)
7.3.2.6. Kho cha ng thnh phm
Lng ng sn xut c trong ngy ( ct A) G1 = 243,62 ( tn/ngy).
m ng trc v sau khi sy W1 = 0,5%,W2 = 0,1%.
Vy ta c lng ng ct sn xut c trong ngy (sau khi sy) G2 l:
G2 = G1 x
100 W1
100 0,5
= 243,62 x
= 242,64 (tn/ngy).
100 - W2
100 0,1
Kho c kh nng cha sn phm trong 7 ngy.

Gi thit 1m3 kho cha c 10 bao 50 kg. Th tch s dng ca kho vi h s
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
= 0,8 , suy ra : Vkho =
80
7.242,64.103
= 4246,2(m3 ) .
10.50.0,8
Kho c kh nng cht cao 4 (m), do din tch kho cn xy dng :

Skho =
4246,2
= 1061,55 (m2).
4
Chn chiu di L = 40(m), chiu rng: W =
1061,55
= 26,54(m 2 ) .
40
Chn kch thc kho : L x W x H = 40 x 28 x 12 (m)

7.3.2.7. Nh kim tra ch ng: L x W x H = 6 x 4 x 4 (m)
7.3.2.8. Nh cn ma
Lp knh 4 mt quan st, vi 2 bn cn, kch thc: L x W = 10 x 6 x 6 (m).
7.3.2.9. Bi ma
Bi ma ly sc d tr cho 2 ngy. Chiu cao ng ma cht c : 5m
Chn h s cha y : = 0,8. Vi gi thit 1 (m3) ma ti nng 1 tn.
Din tch bi ma: S =
2350.2
=1175 (m2).
5.0,8
Chn kch thc bi ma: L x W = 40 x 29 (m)

7.3.2.10. Khu x l ma: L x W x H =16 x 6 x 6 (m)
7.3.2.11. Kho cha vi:
S lng vi dng trong ngy: 1,88 tn/ngy.[Cn bng vt cht]
D tr trong cho 30 ngy, nn s lng vi cha trong kho: 56,4 tn
Gi thit 1 (m3 ) cha c 8 bao 50 kg, vi h s cha y l = 0,8.
56,4.103
= 176,25 (m3).
Vy th tch kho s dng: V =
8.50.0,8
Kho c kh nng cht cao 4 (m). Vy din tch kho: S =
176,25
= 44 (m2)
4
Chn chiu di kho L = 11(m). Chiu rng W = 4 (m).

Chn kch thc kho : L x W x H =11 x 4 x 6 (m).
7.3.2.12. Nh x l vi: L x W x H = 10 x 6 x 5 (m)
7.3.2.13. B lng
Lng nc cn lng hng ngy bng lng nc nh my cn cung cp: 744%
so vi ma [5, tr 296]
Lng nc cn lng hng ngy: 744%.2350 = 17484 (tn/ngy).
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
81
Ly thi gian lu trong b l 4 h, h s cha y l = 0,8. chn chiu cao ca

b l 8 (m) . Vi =1000 (kg/m3).
Suy ra din tch b lng l: S =
17484 .4.1000
= 455,31 (m2)
24.1000.0,8.8
Chiu di b L = 30 (m), chiu rng W = 455,31/30 = 15,18 (m)

Chn 2 b lng vi kch thc mi b l: L x W x H = 15 x 8 x 8 (m)
7.3.2.14. B lc
Lng nc lc trong ngy = 177 % so vi ma [5, tr 295]
Lng nc lc = 177 %.2350 = 4159,50 (tn/ngy).
Chn chiu cao b : 4m. H s cha y = 0,5, chn hai b. Ta c din tch
mi b lc:
S=
4159,50.1000
= 43,33 (m2).
2.24.1000.0,5.4
Chn kch thc b: L x W x H = 11 x 4 x 4m.

7.3.2.15. B mt r
C kh nng cha mt r trong 20 ngy, chn h s cha y = 0,8.
Lng mt r trong ngy: 82,17 tn/ngy. [Cn bng vt cht]
Vi Bx = 84 %, khi lng ring ca mt r: d = 1,441 tn/m3 [1, tr 62]
Th tch b cha: V =
82,17.20
= 1425,57 (m3).
1,441.0,8
S dng 2 b hnh tr nh nhau, ng knh b D = 10(m), chiu cao

H=
4.1425,57
4.V
= 9(m)
2 =
2.3,14.10 2
2. .D
Kch thc mi b: D x H = 10 x 9 (m)

7.3.2.16. Nh cha dng c cu ha: L x W x H = 6 x 4 x 4 (m)
7.3.2.17. i nc: D x H = 5 x 6 (m)
7.3.2.18. Trm bm nc: L x W x H = 10 x 6 x 4 (m)
7.3.2.19. Kho vt t: L x W x H = 12 x 10 x 6 (m)
7.3.2.20. Nh hnh chnh
c tnh trn c s s ngi lm vic hnh chnh ni iu hnh nh my :
- Ban gim c : 4 ngi x 24 (m2/ ngi ) = 96 (m2)
- 7 phng lm vic : 27 ngi x 5 (m2/ngi ) =135 (m2)
- Phng hp : 48 (m2)
- Phng truyn thng : 48 (m2)
- Phng on th : 36 (m2)
- Phng lu tr : 24 (m2)
- Phng y t : 24 (m2)
- Phng sch, bo ch : 36 (m2)
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
82
Vy tng cng : 447 (m2)

Chn thit k nh 1 tng, kch thc: L x W x H = 40 x 12 x 4 (m).
7.3.2.21. Hi trng
Tnh cho ton b cng nhn vin nh my.
Ta c tng s cn b cng nhn vin ca nh my l 329 ngi. Tiu chun mi
ngi l 3 m2 (tnh cho c li i v sn khu ca hi trng).
Shi trng = 288 x 3 = 864 (m2).
Thit k nh 1 tng: L x W x H = 50 x 20 x 6 (m)
7.3.2.22. Nh bo v: Kch thc phng: L x W x H: 6 x 4 x 4 (m)
7.3.2.23. Nh t
Tng s xe l 20 chic v 2 xe con phc v b phn iu hnh nh my. Theo
tiu chun xe t vn ti cn 18 - 27 (m2/chic). Chn 18 (m2) , h s cha y 0,9.
Vy Snh xe =
20 x18
= 400 (m2).
0,9
Chn kch thc: L x W x H = 25 x 16 x 10 (m)

7.3.2.24. Nh xe CBCNV
Tnh cho 2/3 s ngi lm vic ca ng nht = 96 x 2/3 = 64 ngi. Din tch
cho 2 xe my l 1 (m2). Chn h s cha y l = 0,8.
Vy din tch nh xe: Sxemy =
64 x1
= 40 (m2) .
2 x 0,8
Chn kch thc: L x W x H = 10 x 4 x 3 (m)

7.3.2.25. Nh n
Tnh cho lng cng nhn trong ca ng nht (110 ngi) tiu chun 2,25
(m2/ngi) .
Din tch cn xy dng : 96 x 2,25 = 216 (m2).
Chn kch thc nh n : L x W x H = 20 x 11 x 4 (m).
7.3.2.26. Nh tm
Tnh cho 2/3 s cng nhn ng nht trong ca, vi tiu chun 6 ngi/phng.
Phng c kch thc : 1,2 x 1,2 x 2 (m)
S lng nh tm l :
2 / 3.96
= 10,667 (nh), ly 11 (nh)
6
Din tch nh tm l: 11.1,2 .1,2 = 15,84 (m2) .Chn L x W x H = 4 x 4 x 3 (m).

7.3.2.27. Nh v sinh
Ly tiu chun 15 ngi/nh, tnh cho s cng nhn ng nht trong 1 ca
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
83
S lng nh v sinh 96/15 = 6,4 ly 7 (nh).

Chn kch thc mi nh 1,4 x1,2 x 3 (m).
Din tch 7 x 1,4 x 1,2 = 11,76 (m2).
Kch thc khu nh v sinh L x W x H = 4 x 3 x 3
7.3.2.28. Bi cha x: L x W = 10 x 8 (m).
7.3.2.29. Nh cha b ma : L x W x H = 18 x 12 x 6 (m).
7.3.2.30. Khu x l nc thi
Trong nh my tng lng nc thi chim 75,5 % so vi ma [5, tr 296]
= 75,5 %.2350 = 1774,25 ( tn/ngy), khi lng ring 1 tn /m3
Thi gian lu ca nc thi 12 (h). Chn h s cha y = 0,8
Vthi = 12 x 1774,25/0,8 x 24 = 1108,9 (m3 ), chn 1110 (m3).
Chn L = 25 (m), H = 4 (m), tnh c W = 15 (m) din tch S2 = 277,5 (m2)
L x W x H = 25 x 15 x 4 (m).
Bng 7.3: Tng kt cng trnh xy dng c bn
TT
Hng mc
1
Nh xng chnh
2
Khu l hi
3
Nh lm mm nc
4
Xng in
5
Trm bin p
6
Xng c kh
7
Kho cha ng thnh phm
8
Nh kim tra ch ng
9
Nh cn ma
10 Bi ma
11 Khu x l ma
12 Kho cha vi
13 Nh x l vi
14 B lng
15 B lc
16 B mt r
17 Nh cha dng c cu ha
18 i nc
19 Trm bm nc
20 Kho vt t
21 Nh hnh chnh
22 Hi trng
23 Nh bo v
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
Din tch Kch thc

Ghi ch
(m2)
(L.W.H), (m)
2160
72 x 30 x 18
540
30 x 18 x 18
150
15 x 10 x 4
150
15 x10 x 10
36
6x6x4
468
26 x 18 x 18
1120
40 x 28 x 12
24
6x4x4
120
10 x 6 x 6
2 nh
1160
40 x 29
90
15 x 6 x 6
44
11 x 4 x 6
60
10 x 6 x 5
480
20 x 12 x 8
2 b
88
11 x 4 x 4
2 b
158,39x 2 D =10, H =9
2 b
24
6x4x4
19,63
D = 5, H =6
60
10 x 6 x 4
120
12 x 10 x 6
480
40 x 12 x 4
1 tng
1000
50 x 20 x 6
1 tng
24 x 2
6x4x4
n tt nghip
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Nh xe t
Nh xe gn my
Nh n
Nh tm
Nh v sinh
Bi cha x
Nh cha b ma
Khu x l nc thi
Tng cng
7.4. Tnh khu t xy dng nh my
7.4.1. Din tch khu t
Fkd =
84
400
40
220
16
12
80
216
277,5
10020
25 x 16 x 6
10 x 4 x 3
20 x 11 x 4
4x4x3
4x3x3
10 x 8
18 x 12 x 6
25 x 15 x 4
Fxd
[ 10, tr 44]
K xd
Trong : Fxd : Tng din tch cc cng trnh (m2)

Kxd : H s xy dng ( %)
Nh my thc phm th h s Kxd = 3550%. Chn Kxd = 35 %. [10, tr 44]
Fkd =
10020
= 28628,57 (m2).
0,35
Din tch m rng ca khu t: Fmr = 30% Fxd = 10020 x 30% = 3006 (m2).
Tng din tch khu t = Fkd + Fmr = 31634,57 (m2).
Chn khu t c kch thc ch nht c din tch 32000 (m2).
Vi L x W = 250 x 128 (m)
7.4.2. Tnh h s s dng ca nh my
K sd =
Fsd
(%) [ 8, trang 44]
Fkd
Fsd : din tch s dng khu t Fsd = Fxd + Fhl + Fcx + Fgt + FB
Fxd : 10020 (m2)
Fhl : Din tch hnh lang; Fhl = 0,05 Fkd = 0,05 x 32000 = 1600 (m2)
FCx : Din tch trng cy xanh : 0,05 Fkd = 1600 (m2)
Fgt = 0,23Fkd = 0,1 x 32000 = 3200 (m2)
FB : Din tch bi l thin, x l nc thi, bi cha b bn, bi cha x vi, x
l, bi ci cho l hi, bi du FO, ....
FB = 0,2 Fkd = 0,2 x 32000 = 6400 (m2).
Fsd = 22820 (m2).
K sd =
22820
100 = 71%
32000
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
85
Chng 8
TNH HI - NC
8.1. Tnh hi
Theo tnh ton phn cn bng nhit, lng hi t dng l: D = 41350,01 kg/h
= 41,35 tn/h
B ma dng t l hi v cung cp hi cho tua-bin, sau khi tuabin s dng
hi cao p, s thi ra hi thi c p lc v nhit thp, phi hp vi hi gim p
ca l hi, cung cp cho cc b phn s dng nhit ca nh my.
Lng hi tiu hao cc i ca tuabin: 22 tn/h
Pmax = 24 KG/cm2, Pmin = 18 KG/cm2
m bo cung cp hi cho nhng lc cao im lng hi cn thit phi sn
sinh: DSS =1,2 .D = 1,2 . 41,35 = 49,62 tn/h
Chn l hi c c tnh k thut nh sau:
- Sn lng hi nh mc: Dm = 25 tn/h
- p sut hi ra khi l : P = 24 KG/cm2 = 24 at
- Nhit hi qu nhit : 390 5 0C
- Nhit nc cp : 105 0C
- S lng l hi : 1 ci.
8.1.1. Cn bng cht t cho l hi
Hiu sut d kin ca l hi iu kin bnh thng, khi nhit hm b 2340
(Kcal/kg) l 90 %.
- Lng b trong ngy : mb = 567,45 tn/ngy = 23,64 tn/h [CBVC]
- m b : 50 % .
- Nhit lng ring ca hi P = 24 at v t0 = 390 0C l: 3221,83 kJ/kg
= 770,47 (Kcal/kg) [1, tr 318].
- Nhit lng ring ca nc cp vo l l: 105,1(Kcal/kg) [1, trang 312]
Vy lng nhit b cn cung cp cho l hi l: 770,47 105,1 = 665,37
(Kcal/kg).
- T l hi b : =
2340
90% =3,17 kg hi/kg b.
665,37
- Lng hi sn xut trong 1 gi : D' = 1,1 .Dss = 1,1 .49,62 = 54,58 tn/h .
- Lng b tiu th : 54,58/3,17 = 17,22 tn/h.
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
86
- Lng b tha : 23,64 -17,22 = 6,42 tn/h.

8.1.2. Tnh nhin liu ph tr lc khng b hay khi ng l
Dng du FO, theo quy chun l dng 1,5 kg du FO cho 1 tn ng thnh
phm. Nng sut theo ng thnh phm 238,13 tn / ngy [CBVC]
Lng du dng l:GD = 1,5 238,13 = 357,20 kg /ngy = 14,88 kg/h
8.2. Tnh nc
Ty theo yu cu cng ngh i vi cc b phn, thit b khc nhau, lng nc,
cht lng cng khc nhau. Thng thng nc trong nh my ng c cc dng
sau :
8.2.1. Nc lng trong
Bng 8.1: Cc b phn s dng nc lng trong v lng nc
TT B phn
1
Thp ngng t ca c c v nu ng
% so vi ma
Khi lng
( tn /ngy)
1000
23500
Thp ngng t ca lc chn khng
50
1175
Dp x v kh bi l hi
94
Nc cho v sinh cng nghip
50
1175
Nc cu ha
117,5
Nc v sinh c nhn
25
587,5
Nc i lc trong
177
4159,5
Nc cho nhng nhu cu khc
10
235
1321
31043,5
Tng
8.2.2. Nc lc trong
Nc lng trch mt phn i lc sch cc tp cht, nhng b phn s dng nc
lc trong nh sau:
Bng 8.2: Cc b phn s dng nc lc trong v lng nc
Khi lng
TT HNG MC
% so vi ma
(Tn/ ngy)
1
Nc lm ngui trc p
517
22
2
Nc lm ngui tuabin
339,5
17
3
Nc lm ngui bm
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
48
1128
n tt nghip
87
Nc lm ngui tr tinh
188
Nc cho phng th nghim
47
Nc i kh cng cp cho l hi
45
1057,5
Nc pha vo nc ngng c nc nng
20
470
Nhng nhu cu khc
15
352,5
Tng
177
4099,5
8.2.3. Nc ngng t
y l nc do hi t ca cc thit b trao i nhit ngng t li, thng l
nc nng rt sch, nht l nc ngng ca ni c c u tin cng nh nc
ngng ca cc thit b dng hi trc tip t l hi. Nc ngng t ca cc thit b
trao i nhit, dng hi th ca hiu c c, c th cha mt lng nh ng, ....
Lng nc ngng tng cng trong nh my ng ma chim 145% so vi
ma. Trong 75% l nc ngng t t hi sng (hi thi tuabin, hi gim p ) v
70% t hi th ca h thng c c [6, tr 295]
Theo nng sut nh my, lng nc ngng t tng cng l :
G = (2350 x 145)/100 = 3407,5 (tn/ngy).
Lng nc lc pha thm vo nc ngng t, 20% so vi ma [6, tr 295]
G1 = 20 %. 2350 = 470 (tn/ngy)
Lng nc nng tng cng: GT = G + G1 = 3407,5 +470 = 3877,5 (tn/ngy).
Bng 8.3: S dung nc ngng t trong nh my
TT
S dng
% so vi ma
Khi lng ( tn/ngy)
1
Cung cp cho l hi
705
30
2
Nc thm thu
658
28
3
Nc ra cn lc
20
470
Nc ha vi
94
Nc ha mt long
4,5
105,75
Nc ra ni nu ng
10
235
Nc ha tan ng ct B,C
94
Nc chnh l nu ng
117,5
10
Nc v sinh c nhn
20
470
11
Nc cho nhu cu khc
38,5
904,75
Tng
164
3854
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
88
8.2.4. Nc thp ngng t

y l hn hp nc lm lnh thp ngng v nc ngng t ca hi th cng
on nu ng v c c. Lng nc ny c i lm ngui t nhin ri mt phn
c s dng li.
Lng nc lng trong dng lm lnh thp ngng h c c, nu ng
Gll = 23500 + 1175 = 24675 (tn /ngy).
thp ngng t, lng hi th ngng t thnh nc chim 28 % so ma
[5, tr 296].
Vy lng nc ngng t t hi th: 28 %. 2350 = 658 (tn /ngy).
Lng nc ra khi thit b ngng t l : 24675 + 658 = 25333 (tn / ngy).
Lng nc ngng t s dng li, khong 600 % so vi ma [5, tr 296].
Gsdl = 600 % . 2350 = 14100 (tn/ngy).
Vy lng nc tn hao trong qu trnh lm ngui t nhin l:
Gll Gsdl = 24675 -14100 =10575 (tn/ngy).
8.2.5. Nc thi ca nh my
Nc thi ca nh my ng bao gm :
Bng 8.4: Nc thi ca nh my ng
Nc lm ngui my p, bm, tuabin
87
Khi lng
(tn/ngy)
2044,5
Nc v sinh cng nghip
50
1175
Nc v sinh c nhn
45
1057,5
Nc ca phng ha nghim
47
Nc thp ngng t ra ( 1 phn )
478
11233
Nc dp x
94
Nc lm ngui tr tinh
18
Nc cu ha
117,5
Nc cho nhu cu khc
63,5
1492,25
Tng
742,5
1278,75
TT
Ngun thi
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
% so vi ma
n tt nghip
89
Chng 9
KIM TRA SN XUT
9.1. Kim tra sn xut
Quy trnh sn xut ca nh my ng ma kh phc tp v lin quan cht ch
vi nhau. Vic kim tra cc ch tiu k thut ca tng cng on, tng b phn l ht
sc quan trng. Cn theo di cc ch tiu mt cch thng xuyn, lin tc trong mt
ca sn xut, kp thi iu chnh tin sn xut.
Qu trnh kim tra sn xut do b phn ha nghim thc hin.
Bng 9.1: Qu trnh kim tra sn xut
TT
Hng mc phn tch
Ch tiu qui nh S ln phn tch
Lng ma p thc t
2350 (tn / ngy)
2 ln/ca
Nc thm thu
28 %, t0 = 47 0C
4 ln/ca
Kim tra thnh phn ct, bn trong ma
1%
2 ln/ca
2,5%
1 ln/ca
Kim tra phn trm tp cht trong

ma
Kim tra phn trm x trong ma
10,5 %
1 tun/ln
Kim m b ma
50 %
2 h/ln
Kim tra Pol b
4 %
3 ln/ca
o Bx, Pol, pH nc ma hn hp
3 ln/ca
o P2O5 nc ma hn hp
4 h/ln
10
o pH nc ma trung ha
1 h/ln
11
o Bx, pH nc ma lc
4 h/ ln
12
% Sacharose trong ch trong
3 ln/ca
13
o Bx, AP ch trong
3 ln/ca
14
o Pol b bn
3 ln/ca
15
o m b bn
4h/ ln
16
o Be sa vi
17
o Bx, Apmt ch
3 ln/ca
18
o Bx, Ap hi dung
3 ln/ca
19
o Bx, Ap non A
3 ln/ca
20
o Bx, Ap non B
3 ln/ca
21
o Bx, Ap non C
3 ln/ca
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
810 (Be)
2h/ln
n tt nghip
90
22
o Bx, Ap ging
3 ln/ca
23
o Bx, Ap mt A
3 ln/ca
24
o Bx, Ap mt B
3 ln/ca
25
o Bx, Ap mt C
3 ln/ca
26
27
Hm lng ng ca nc ngng
t
cng ton phn ca nc l
28
Pol, m, RS, % sacarose ng A
2 ln/m
29
Pol, m, RS, % sacarose ng B
2 ln/m
30
Pol, m, RS, % sacarose ng C
2 ln/m
31
tro ng A
1 ln/m
32
tro ng B
1 ln/m
33
tro ng C
1 ln/m
34
Thnh phn CaO trong vi
u k
35
Hiu sut kt tinh ng non
7 ngy/ln
36
Hiu sut p
7 ngy/ln
37
Tc p, p lc p
7 ngy/ln
15 pht/ ln
2 h/ln
9.2. Xc nh mt s ch tiu
9.2.1. Xc nh bng cm quan i vi nguyn liu ma:
Phng php phn on theo c trng ngoi hnh cy ma:
- Nhn k lng ma, nu ma chn th dng ma bt phn ri, b mt nhn nhi,
i mu ( tu thuc vo ging ma ) v ht lng cui lng.
+ Ging CO715: Lng c mu xanh, khi chn chuyn sang mu bc.
+ Ging F134 : Lng mu tm, khi chn chuyn tm vng xanh.
+ Ging F146,F156:Lng mu vng, khi chn chuyn sang en thm.
+ Ging POJ: Lng xanh nht, khi chn chuyn sang vng bng.
- Cc dng ma trn ngn nht li.
- L ma kh vng, l xanh khong 6-7 l ( bnh thng khong 8 10 l), l
tng i thng v cng.
9.2.2. Phng php xc nh kh trong thc t sn xut .
Phng php dng chit quang k o Bx c ng dng nhiu trong thc t
sn xut v cho kt qu nhanh v sai s trong gi tr cho php.
- Vi Bx k kiu thng ng c o nh sau:
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
91
Ly mu phn tch, sau khi lc ht cht l lng, trn u, cho mt t trng ra

dng c, ng ong, chit quang k ri cho dung dch cn o vo ng ong. Thi nh
ht bt trn b mt dung dch v nh nhng th dng c o vo. Kt qu o c c
trn Bx k. Kt qu o ng vi nhit l gi tr Bx biu kin.
Bx thc=Bx biu kin Bx
Bx: Gi tr ci chnh nhit t0 = 200C
du (+), nu nhit dung dch > 200C; du (-) nu nhit :t0 <200C.
- Vi chit quang k cm tay: Tin hnh o tng t:
Sau khi v sinh mt lng knh bng vi mm, bng. Nh mt git dung dch
lc vo lng knh. Nhn v c Bx sau tra bng v hiu chnh Bx thc.
9.2.3. Phng php xc nh bng Polarimeter:
Da vo tnh cht chit quang (lm quay mt nh sng phn cc) ca dung dch
ng, o thnh phn ng tng s trong mu.
- ng sachacarose v glucose lm quay cc nh sng sang phi.
- ng fructose lm quay cc nh sng sang bn tri.
S quay cc lin quan n nhit , ngun sng v dy ca lp dung dch.
Ly mu dung dch vovo bnh tam gic o Pol. Dng 0,30,5(g) ch Acetat tinh
th cho vo dung dch, lng trong v lc qua giy lc. Cho dung dch vo ng trong
250ml xem chuyn quang.
Trc khi cho ng quan st vo my, ta iu chnh ng quan st n vch s 0,
thy hai bn nh ng nht mt mu. Sau cho ng quan st vo, c s Pol trn
vch thc. S c l pol quan st, cn hiu chnh theo nhit theo cng thc: Pol
thc
Pol do x 26
100 xd 20
Vi d20: T trng dung dch (Da vo s quan st Bx tra bng)

Bit c Bx, Pol hiu chnh ta tnh c tinh khit dung dch.
AP =
Pol
x100%
Bx
9.2.4. Phng php xc nh ng Sachacarose

Mu sau khi phn tch AP dng phn tch phn trm Sacharose. Lc u
mu, dung dch vo bnh tam gic c trng sch bng dung dch o. Cho
khong 150ml dung dch Acetat ch vo lm trong, lc dung dch ri ly 50 ml
dung dch lc cho vo bnh nh mc100ml, dng ng ong ly 10 ml dung dch HCl
24,86% vo bnh nh mc 100ml c sm 50ml dung dch lc. Dng nc ra
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
92
thnh bnh cho acid xung ht. Cm nhit k vo dung dch, a bnh i un nng
cch thu. Khi nhit trung bnh t t0 = 600C, th bt u lc u trong thi gian 3
pht ( gi nhit 600C), sau gi yn 7 pht. Mu i lm lnh n nhit
phng, cho nc ct vo v iu chnh n vch 100ml, lc u dung dch. Dng ng
quan st o Pol chuyn ho : P. Mu lc c cn li ly 50ml cho vo bnh nh
mc 100ml, cho thm 10ml dung dch NaCl 232,5 (g/l) v cho thm nc ct n
vch 100ml, lc u, cho vo bnh quan st 200ml o trc tip P.
Kt qu c c ca P v P u phi nhn 2 v tnh:
S=
P - (-P') x100
132,56- 0,0794(13
- g)- 0,53(t 20)
Vi g: S gam cht rn ho tan trong 100 ml dung dch, g= Bxquan st/2

t: nhit dung dch khi o,[0C ].
xc nh phn trm Sacharose chnh xc, ta phi hiu chnh theo Bx v Pol
quan st. tinh khit dung dch c tnh:GP= (% Shiu chnh./Bxhiu chnh) x 100 (%).
9.2.5. Phng php xc nh ng theo thnh phn ng kh
Mu va o Bx trn, ta ly 25ml cho vo bnh nh mc 100ml, iu chnh
nc ct n vch nh mc, lc u v cho vo buret 50ml chun . Dng hai
ng ht khc nhau ly mu dung dch Felling A v Felling B. Mi loi 50 ml, cho
vo bnh tam gic 250 ml.
- Trc tin, t buret ta cho vo bnh tam gic mt lng dung dch 20ml.
- t bnh ln bp in, un si 20 pht, tnh t khi dung dch bt u si.
- ng 3 pht cho vo 3 git dung dch xanh Mtylen.
- Tip tc nh git dung dch t buret n khi xut hin mu gch.
- c s dung dch dng. Thi gian nh git khng qu 1 pht v thi gian
ton b tnh t lc dung dch bt u si n khi nh xong khng qu 3 pht.
* Ch : - Khi nh git phi cho dung dch si u.
- Khi nh Xanh Mtylen vo bnh tam gic c mu hoc hi lp
tc bin mu xanh, nh thm dung dch ng vo th mu xanh bin thnh mu tm,
tc l gn n trung im. Tip tc nh 1, 2,... git dung dch vo mu tm bin thnh
mu hoc gch l trung im.
- Cng thc tnh ton: % RS =
ExF
V
Vi: E: L h s, tra c bng da vo Bx quan st v phn trm pha long.

F : ng lng ca Felling (F=1).
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
n tt nghip
93
V: S ml dung dch tiu hao t buret.

9.2.6. Xc nh mu ICS:
Cn 50g ng trn cn phn tch vo cc thu tinh 100ml, ho tan vi nc ct
ri cho vo bnh nh lng 100ml. Trng ra sch cc v chuyn vo bnh. iu
chnh nc ct ng vch, lc u, lc ht chn khng. Dung dch ban u dng
trng cc. Dung dch lc tip theo cho vo Cuvet1/2 o mu.
Chnh bc sng 420ml. c s hin trn my.
Dng Refactometer cho vo 3 git dung dch lc trn. o Bx v nhit .
Tnh kt qu: ICS =
D
x 1000
L xc
Trong : D: chit quang o trn my.

L: ng knh. Cuvet1/2
c=
11
Bx. d 20/20 20/20

,d
[ t trng suy ra t Bx]
100
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94
Chng 10
AN TON LAO NG V V SINH X NGHIP
10.1. An ton lao ng
An ton lao ng l quy ch php lut, do vy nh my phi ch trng v thc
hin ng quy nh, gim n mc thp nht nhng thit hi v con ngi v ti
sn nh my. An ton lao ng gm:
- An ton v ngi.
- An ton v my mc, thit b.
- An ton v nguyn vt liu sn phm, v cc cng trnh phc v sn xut.
10.1.1. Nguyn nhn gy ra tai nn lao ng trong qu trnh sn xut v bin
php khc phc
- Do tnh hnh my mc, thit b, cht lng cc ng ng dn...., trong qu
trnh ch to c khuyt tt, khng bo m v cht lng vi yu cu k thut, do
qu trnh thit k, lp t khng hp l dn n s c bt ng trong sn xut lm nh
hng sn xut, thit hi n vn hnh, ti sn x nghip.
- Do thiu hoc khng c hoc hng cc b phn ro, che chn, bo him. V vy
trong nh my, mi thit b u c kh nng gy tai nn lao ng. V vy phi cch ly
vng nguy him vi ngi lao ng.
- Do iu kin lm vic khng c ci thin, v tr lm vic khng hp l, thiu
nhng iu kin n nh trong qu trnh lm vic.
- Do trnh k thut ca ngi lao ng. thc v t chc chp hnh k lut
lao ng. Gy sai st trong vn hnh.
- Thiu thn phng tin v dng c bo h lao ng cn thit.
- Do vn v t chc lao ng.
- Do s lin h thiu cht ch gia cc cng v, cc b phn lin quan trong nh
my.
Do cn phi c nhng bin php c th trong mi cng v, mi khu vc v
trong mi lnh vc lin quan.
Trong xy dng, ch to cng nh vn hnh, s dng bo qun cc cng trnh
thit b, phi thc hin ng yu cu k thut, ng vi nhng qui nh, quy trnh.
iu kin lm vic trong nh my ng l lin tc, thit b my mc ln, b tr
phc tp, v th phit trang b ro, che chn, cc b phn bo him hp l. Cn quan
tm hn nhng vng nguy him. Thng xuyn theo di thay th nhng b phn ny
theo quy nh s dng.
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95
iu kin lm vic ca ngi lao ng lun lun c ci thin. Phi trang b

y nhng dng c bo h lao ng.
Phi b tr cng vic cho ngi lao ng mt cch hp l ph hp vi trnh
k thut, iu kin sc kho ca tng ngi. Cc khu trng yu hn trong nh my
u phi b tr cn b k thut hay cng nhn bc cao bo m an ton lao ng
v t hiu qu sn xut cao. Mi nm u c t chc thi nng bc cng nhn, cn
b k thut trong nh my nm vng v nng cao trnh ca mnh.
Ngoi ra d dng cho vic thao tc vn hnh thit b, m bo an ton lao
ng. Mi cng on v my mc u c treo bng ch dn r rng chi tit. Nn
thng xuyn tng kt rt kinh nghim hn ch nhng s c, kim im nhng
hnh vi khng ng trong sn xut.
10.1.2. Nhng an ton c th trong nh my
Nh sn xut chnh c dng hnh hp khi, mi qu trnh sn xut u thu gn
trong nh, cc thit b v h thng phc tp. Do vy vn thng gi v chiu sng
cn c ch trng.
Thng gi : Tn dng ti a s lu thng khng kh trong nh my, bng cch
xy dng cc ca s v ca chp, ca tri trn mi. Bo m s chnh lch nhit
trong phn xng v mi trng khng qu 350C. ti cc b phn sinh nhit nh:
gia nhit,bc hi, nu ng, li tm, l hi c b tr qut gi tng cng s phn
tn nhit. Cc b phn sinh nhit u c lp cch nhit v phi t cui hng gi.
Chiu sng: Tn dng nh sng t nhin qua cc ca s, ca mi tit kim
nng lng in chiu sng, to cm gic d chu cho cng nhn sn xut. Tuy nhin,
m bo y nh sng cho vn hnh v lm vic cn c n chiu sng. ri
a s cc v tr l E= 50(Lux). Cc hnh lang li i cng phi c chiu sng ng
mc.
An ton v in: Lng in v thit b dng in trong nh my rt ln nn cn
phi bo m an ton v in. Cc ng dy dn in u c cch in an ton
v b tr dc tng hay i ngm theo mng di mt t. Trang b an ton v in
y , cc mt in, hp in u che chn cn thn, ghi ch r rng, phi c dy
trung tnh ni t. Phi c phng tin bo v c nhn v bin php cp cu ngi b
nn. Phng chng s pht sinh tnh in trong vn hnh. Khng nn s dng in phi
sn xut lm nh hng n sn xut.
An ton v hi, thit b trao i nhit: Cc thit b sn xut hi, nhit nh: l,
tuabin, thit b un nng, bnh nn..., cn phi c v bo v chn chc, cn c khong
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
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cch an ton khi lm vic, cn kim tra k thut an ton trc khi s dng v inh k
kim tra mc an ton ca thit b, ng ng dn hi phi t cao 34,5 (m), st
tng hoc dc theo ct, phi c lp bo n ng nht d phn bit v dng ng
quy nh ca nh my.
Phng chng chy n: Chy n l hin tng rt d xy ra trong nh my do cc
s c sau:
+ Chp mch in, nhin liu d bt la, cc thit b ng cn, b n mn lu
ngy b n, cc phn ng ho hc xy ra trong qu trnh sn xut.
hn ch chy n cn c bin php sau:
+ B tr sn xut c khong cch hp trnh ly lan.
+ Cc b phn gy chy n nh : L vi, l lu hunh t cui hng gi.
+ Nhng thit b dng in phi c v an ton.
+ B tr cc cu thang phng ha, cc bnh cu ha, cc khu cu ha cnh
ng giao thng d vn ng khi cu ha.
- Giao thng trong nh my: thun tin v rt ngn on ng trong phn
xng, nh my cn thit k cc li i li c chiu rng hp l, cc cu thang rng v
chu lc d dng i li. Ngoi ra b tr cc ca ra vo hp l khi c s c d dng
thot him.
An ton lao ng trong phng th nghim: Cn b cng nhn vin phng ha, th
nghim phi tun th y ni quy, quy nh ca phng ha nghim. Khi thao tc
cn cn thn, trnh c hi cho ngi. Cc ha cht ng ni quy nh, gn gng
khng lm v dng c th nghim, khng lm ri ho cht, cc chai l ng ha
cht phi y nt v ghi nhn.
10.2. V sinh x nghip
m bo v sinh trong sn xut cn c cc bin php sau:
+ Cc b phn sinh ra cht c nh l t lu hunh, l hi..., cn t cui
hng gi.
+ Khu t xy dng cn t cui hng gi v cch xa khu dn c, bo m
lm sch mi trng.
Khu p thng m t nn t khu ring. Cc khu li tm, sy ng, hi dung,
hi ng thng ri vi v bi bm l iu khng trnh khi, gy nh hng n
cng vic v sc khe ca cng nhn. Do vy sau mi ca sn xut phi v sinh sch
s tng khu lm vic.
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97
+ ng thnh phm d ht m, nn khi bo qun phi ch n ch bo

qun. Nh kho phi kh ro sch s, khng c cc vt liu khc.
Nh my cn c khu v sinh ring bit nhng ni quy nh, m bo v
sinh v gim s i li khng cn thit.
+ Cc ng dn nc bn, nc thi u phi c np y, khng lm nh
hng n ni lm vic.
+ Cng nhn vo lm vic trong phn xng phi v sinh sch s, phi c o
qun bo h y .
+ Phi c ch bi dng thch ng cho cn b cng nhn vin.
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KT LUN
Qua hn 3 thng nhn ti: Thit k nh my sn xut ng th hin i nng
sut 2350 tn ma/ngyn nay n ca em hon thnh ng thi gian qui nh.
Vi tnh hnh kinh t v qui m sn xut nc ta hin nay th vic thit k nh my
sn xut ng th bng phng php vi l hon ton hp l v cn thit. Vic la chn
cng ngh sn xut theo phng php gia vi phn on c nhiu u im nn phng php
ny c p dng rng ri trong thc t hin nay.
Trong thi gian qua em c gng tham kho ti liu, sch v, bn b, thc t, c
bit vi s hng dn tn tnh ca c gio Trng Th Minh Hnh n nay n ca em
hon thnh.Tuy nhin vi kin thc ca bn thn bn thn cn nhiu hn ch, ti liu cha
tht y v vy n ny khng trnh khi nhng sai st. Rt mong s ch dn gip
nhit tnh ca thy c gio trong khoa, trong trng cng nh kin ng gp chn thnh
ca cc bn tp n ny hon chnh hn.
Nng, ngy 20 thng 5 nm 2009
Sinh vin thc hin
Vn Vit Mi
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
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99
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Vn i, Nguyn Trng Khung, Trn Quang Tho, V Th Ngc Ti, Trn
Xoa (1992), C s qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc, tp 1, Nh xut bn
i hc v Trung hc chuyn nghip, H Ni.
2. Vn i, Nguyn Trng Khung, Trn Quang Tho, V Th Ngc Ti, Trn
Xoa (1992), C s qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ha hc, tp 2, Nh xut bn
i hc v Trung hc chuyn nghip, H Ni.
3. Trng Th Minh Hnh (2008), Bi ging Cng ngh sn xut ng bnh ko,
Bch khoa Nng.
4. Nguyn Ng (2008), Cng ngh ng ma, i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
5. Nguyn Ng (1998), C s thit k nh my ng, Trng i hc Bch khoa
H Ni, H Ni.
6. Nguyn Ng, L Bch Tuyt, Phan Vn Hip, Phm Vnh Vin, Trn Mnh
Hng (1984), Cng ngh sn xut ng ma, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K
thut, H Ni.
7. Trn Th Truyn (2006), C s thit k nh my, Trng i hc Bch Khoa
SVTH: Vn Vit Mi
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100
nng.
8. Trn Xoa, Nguyn Trng Khung, H L Vin (2005), S tay qu trnh v thit
b cng ngh ho cht - Tp1, NXB Khoa hc v k thut H Ni.
9. Trn Xoa, Nguyn Trng Khung, Trn Xun Ton (2005), S tay qu trnh v
thit b cng ngh ho cht - Tp2, NXB Khoa hc v k thut H Ni.
10. Nguyn Xun Yn (1996), Lm sch nc ma bng phmg php sunfit ho,
Nh xut bn Nng Nghip.
11. Nguyn Xun Yn (1996), Nu mt, Nh Xut bn Nng nghip.
12. www.tayninh.gov.vn
20/ 03/2009
13. www.quangtri.gov.vn
24/03/2009
14. www.congnghieptandat.com/vn/product.php?cid=6 25/ 04/2009
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n tt nghip

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

c ta l mt nc c truyn thng sn xut ng t lu i. Theo thi gian

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

hnh tuyn t ngun tt nghip ti cc trng i hc.Vic xy dng nh my

Khu kim tra sn xut

Ngoi ra cn ngun cht thi khc l rc, phi thu gom v x l nh k.

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

Trong mi trng kim nhit cao, ng b phn hu to ra cc axit v cht

Hnh 3.1: S phn hu sacaroza theo pH

2.2.1.2. Lm chuyn ho ng sacaroza

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

Ca(H2PO4)2 + Ca(OH)2 = Ca3(PO4)2 + H3PO4 + H2O

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

Trong sn xut ng, tr phng php trao i ion, cc nh my ng hin

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

s dng nhiu vi hn. Phng php cho vi phn on nhiu u im hn c trong

3.2. Dy chuyn cng ngh v thuyt minh

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

Gia nhit 1Mng

Mng phn phi

Sng phn loi

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

3.2.2. Thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

Hnh 3.1: My ct x ma [4, tr12] Hnh 3.2: My p ti kiu ba [4, tr 12]

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

p 5. Nc ma thu c t my p 5 phun vo b trc khi vo my p 4, cn nc

Hnh 3.3: S h thng my p

Hnh 3.4: My p t s hng [14 ]

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

nc ma hn hp, cng on ny c tin hnh b sung thm mt lng P2O5 nht

Hnh 3.5: Thit b gia nhit ng chm [6, tr 113]

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

Hnh 3.6: Thit b lng lin tc

Hnh 3.7: My lc chn khng lin tc [14]

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

Mc ch lm tng nhit nc ma n gn nhit si trc khi vo thit b

Hnh 3.7: Thit b c c ng chm thng ng [6, tr 114]

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

Hnh 3.8: Thit b lc ng [14]

3.2.2.3. Nu ng- tr tinh-li tm- thnh phm

Hnh 3.9: Thit b nu [14]

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

Hnh 3.9: Thit b tr tinh [14]

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

Hnh 3.13: Cu to my sy thng quay [2, tr 160]

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

pol (oZ), khng nh hn

GVHD:Trng Th Minh Hnh

1. Khi lng ng trong b

2. Khi lng cht tan trong b = khi lng ng trong b/GP b

4. Hm lng b so vi ma = khi lng b /G =

5. Bx nc ma hn hp = (khi lng cht tan trong nc ma hn hp/ khi lng

Vi Bx = 14,59 th khi lng ring ca nc ma hn hp bng =1,059 tn/m