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5^
niTiPTIAN
3^ GRAMMAR
WITH
GLOSSARY
BY
ADOLF ERMAN.
TRANSLATED
BY
Authorized Translation.
AUTHOR'S PREFACE.
As the outgrowth of practical academic instruction,
this
book
is
Egyptian lan-
is
who
in
possible
language.
necessary to
to be at all
grammar
if it is
a fruitful study,
Coptic.
viz.
is
One who
phase of the Egyptian language which we really understand, will never properly
comprehend
it
in its older
IV
periods, nor, at the
ficial
acthor's preface.
to
work through
Steindorff's Coptic
Grammar
book
and
The
material
selection
offered
The Egyptian
and
language as we find
later
idioms
remain
to
be dealt with.
These
difficulties
ancient
religious literature
and those
with what
may be caUed
is
practically identical.
is
The material
in the chrestomathy
may
orthography.
have tried
author's preface.
it
has seemed to
me
that
first
part of
the Chrestomathy.
form
grammar thus
in order to
further behoves
is
me
much which
to Steindorff
But we have so often disamong ourselves, that we could not our "intellectual property" even if we deemed
and Sethe.
893.
Adolf Erman.
TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE.
The peculiar
lator,
difficulties
These
were due
firstly, to
that the
new
science of Egyptian
Grammar,
as
it
has
that the
The above statement may seem strange to one who knows grammar of Le Page Renouf was reedited in 1889 ("An Elementary Grammar of the Ancient Egyptian Language" by P. Le Page Renouf, Bagster & Sons, London, 2nd. ed.). But this
*
therefore entirely obsolete. Ex. gr. on p. 1 jou will find the Egyptian consonants , i", C &c. classified under a list of vowels! and the statement added, that the "vowels were very commonly
omitted",
and
this
On
p. 50
stated to be inse-
parable from the subject and separable from the verb, an assertion
in direct contradiction of the facts,
and due
to a confusion with
translator's preface.
VII
technici of
Egyptian
grammar ready
facility
at
hand
in
English.
The ready
German
expression of
compound
enti-
which a
the flexile
felicitous compound was always ready in German were sometimes the despair of the
the particle
In.
Or turn
orthographic in late
where the absolute pronoun sHs by the confusion purely and corrupt texts, between st, sn and s, for
to p. 18
i.
e.
separably.
In the same chapter one searches in vain for any paradigm of the old
Those of the 1 c. and 3 m. s. are incidentally mentioned, the latter being called an "independent personal pronoun", but the 2 m. s., 2 f. s., 3 f. s., and all the plurals are wanting. But to enumerate forms and phenomena unknown to
absolute pronouns.
this
grammar would be
work
though Mr. Le Page Renouf has stated in his "Concluding Observations" that the Egyptian language suffered many changes during its enormously long history, no hint of these changes appears in the treatment of grammatical forms and syntax. The entire treatise is therefore as reasonable as would be a grammar, which, without any distinction of time, should present the forms of Latin and its offspring Italian in heterogeneous combination from the Augustan age down to the present day. If the end of the period thus included were two thousand years removed from us, the parallel would be complete and it could be stated with impunity that the Latin article was il and that the Italian nouns were comprised in five terminationally inflected declensions. In France the new science is equally disregarded, as the recent "Manuel de la Langue egyptienne" of
Further,
Victor Loret
here translated.
may
testify.
VIII
translator's preface.
translator. It
is
English reading
is
craved
coined, viz.
German
the
translation "uninflected
and
after
it
another
di-
rectly transferred
be found;
it
is,
and meaning,
only remains
to be
results,
grammatical structure of the ancient Egyptian tolerably intelligible, and which are herewith presented for the
first
time in English,
may be
as interesting
and
in-
man
whom
CONTENTS.
GRAMMAR.
INTRODUCTION
13
2.
12
The Alphabet
Special Points in Phonetics
Syllabic Signs
1327
c.
3. 4.
Ideograms
Determinatives
Orthographj'.
a.
h.
c.
31 35 36 44
28
32
45
52
6^ 71
5.
In general
53
54
5^
59
63
d.
e.
68
69
72
Words
70
G.
PRONOUNS.
1.
Personal Pronoun.
a.
&.
c.
Personal suffixes
73
79
84 85
8083
d.
2.
Demonstrative Pronoun.
a.
h.
i.
t-
8690
91
94
NOUNS.
1.
Substantives.
a.
h.
c.
Expression of Gender
95
99
Forms
of the Substantive
98 103
Expression of Number.
a. Plural
/?.
y.
r?.
e.
118
121 124
f.
119
g.
The Genetive.
a.
yS.
Direct Genetive
122
Genetive with n
125127
128 131
132
2.
Adjectives
a.
h.
c.
Adjectives in ?
137
Appendix
{ir'i,
Imy, ns)
138
139
145
3.
Numerals.
a.
h.
140
146147
VERBS.
1.
In general.
a.
The
a.
^.
y.
b.
c.
Classes of the Verb. Usual Classes Rare Classes and Irregular Verbs
148154
155
160
161
The Causative
.
Voice
Expression of the Subject (Inflection).
. .
162
163169
170
2.
171
CONTENTS.
6.
XI
The Forms
A.
B.
Its
Formation
as Indicative
Use
D. As a Subjunctive
E. In a Final Clause
F.
/3.
174
181
182
183
187
A. Its Formation
B.
C. In Conditional Clauses
184186
188
189 190
191
upon Prepositions
Appendix
193 195
Its
Formation Use
194
196199
200
d.
e.
203
204205 206207
3.
4.
Formation
Use.
208215
a.
In the Active-Transitive
Form Form
216
217
219
222
223
Introduced hy
a.
"it is".
.
^.
b.
220
With Double
a.
/3.
iwfsdmf.
224227
icntnf sdmf.
.
y.
228 229
XII
c.
CONTENTS.
With a Verb
a.
/3.
of Motion.
230234 235236
237
(I.
6. 7.
Compounds with
"make"
or Infinitive.
238239
240245 246249
250
b.
8.
9.
253
252 264
255257
of the Verb.
10.
Formation
Substantive Nature
Its
y. Its
c.
Use
Substantivized Forms.
a.
/3.
In general
282
y.
d.
283288 288292
Verbal Adjective
293295 296299
ii.
PARTICLES.
1.
Adverbs
300
2. Prepositions.
a.
b.
c.
301
305j
Z14
306
Compound
Prepositions
3153171
CONTENTS.
3.
XIII
Conjunctions.
a.
b.
c.
In general
Enclitic Conjunctions
318
319
Non-enclitic Conjunctions
THE SENTENCE.
1.
The Simple Nominal Sentence 327 The Nominal Sentence Introduced hy iw and wn. 332 The Nominal Sentence with pw 334
of the Sentence.
of
2.
The Parts
a.
6.
The Order
Emphasis.
a.
/3,
Words
336342
343
In geneial
y.
C.
The
351355
3.
Kinds of Sentence.
a.
b.
Interrogative Sentence
356
363
372
Negative Sentence.
a.
/3.
y.
c.
364
im-,
m,
tm-.
373377 378380
381
d.
e.
Clauses.
384
386
385
391
383
f.
Without Connective
y.
8.
With the Substantivized Verb With the Passive Participle With the Adjective nt'i
i94
XIV
CONTENTS.
Pace
3*
I.
2.
From
to the Priests of
Abydos
3. 4. 0.
4*
6*
Medicinal Receipts
8*
11*
From
SECOND PART.
From the From the APPENDIX.
1.
Story of Sinuhe
Story of the Eloquent Peasant
17*
2.
28*
1.
Writing of Thutmosis'
I.
phantine.
2.
3.
37* 39*
.
40* 42*
GLOSSARY
ABBREVIATIONS.
AZ.: Zeitschrift
Br. Gr.
Br.
fiir
W.
:
Wb.
Brugsch, Die agyptische Gi aberwelt, Leipzig 1868. Brugsch, Worterbuch (Bibliography Ab).
:
Butler: Papyrus Butler (Exercises for Heading p. 28*). C. Steindorff, Coptic Grammar.
:
Copt.
Coptic.
Feminine.
LE.: Late Egyptian.
LD.: Lepsius, Denkmaler (Bibliography Ba). Leps. Ausw. Lepsius, Auswahl (Bibliography Ba). M. or Merenre': Pyi-amid of Merenre' (BibUography
:
Bf).
m, masculine. Mar. Ab.: Mariette Abydos (Bibliography Bd). Mar. Cat. d'Ab.: Mariette, Catalogue des monuments (Bibliography Bd). Mar. Mast. Mariette, Mastabas (Bibliography Bd). Math. Hdb.: Eisenlohr, Mathemat. Handbuch (Bibliography Be). m. e.: Middle Empire, n. e.: New Empire. Old Empire. Peasant Story of the Eloquent Peasant (Exercises for Reading p. 28*).
:
: . :
P. L, or
Prisse:
:
Pepy I. Pyramid of Pepy I. (Bibliography Bf). Papyrus Prisse (Bibliography Be). Pyr. Pyramid Texts (Bibliography Bf). RIH. Eouge, Inscriptions hiroglyphiques (Bibliography Ba). 3in.: Sinuhe (Exercises for Beading p. 17*).
:
NaviUe (Bibliography
(AZ. 1882,
Isq.).
Bf).
Wni
INTRODUCTION.
The Egyptian language
is
related
to the
&c.),
Seto
1.
Aramaic
and
others),
and
to the
Africa.
The language of
oldest
monuments belongs
C.
as far
and did
We
1.
distinguish the
following
chief periods of
2.
the language:
Roman
times.
Pe-
form (found
in the so-called
"pyramid
texts") are
[of the
the po-
)ular
livergences found in this period are noted in the reErman, Egypt, gramm. \
INTRODUCTION.
2.
3.
marks "B".
It
is
more
fully
treated in:
Erman
1880).
last
graphy.
lin 1855)
5.
Cf.
of course obsolete.
Coptic^
The
the
Cf.
Christian
the Coptic
letters.
grammar,
by Steindorff, which
4,
without vowels,
(cf.
Egyp-
tian language.
It is therefore necessary,
Only
one who
is
IN GENERAL.
*4.
number
13,
is
very large,
and
syllabic signs of
i5
33
-35,
and the
1.
IN GENERATi. 5
7.
the beginner;
the
other signs
through usage.
to left,
and
5.
from
in the latter
Whether an
left,
inscription
is
is
to be read
from
easily determined
figures,
by the
human
which always
in part vertically
as M
H^'
^^;
almost the
Ci "great"
and ^^-^ or
47).
|.
7.
smr
tvQ'i
and
d
/?s
"praise",
could
V
"^
arrangements like
)e
<:::>
barbarous.
At
,pf--rr
;
would
we do not always
A*
4
it
1.
IN GENERAL.
8. 9.
for
it,
he
For example,
he wrote for
P
sCJi
and
rmt_
"man"
\shc, \
J
o
i^&c,
^
r^,
"
K'X-
Jl'
is
"^-^
^<.
were unpleasing.
Similarly
^^
and
for
5^;^=_ hft.
*8.
It is
ventional
strokes.
The beginner
there employed.
9.
From the earliest times the individual signs were very much shortened and rounded off, when written
upon Egyptian paper.
rate writing
We have
accustomed ourselves
the
so-called
"hieratic"
with
the
in-
writing
of
the
monuments.
This
is
however
2.
PHONETIC
SIGNS.
a.
THE ALPHABET. 10
13.
is
not an immediate
The
two
hieratic writing
is
10.
varieties,
word
into
one ligature.
It
was
this
cursive
Demotic (cf.
2, 4) finally grew.
fall into
11*.
word having
same consonants
3.
as the first.
i.
So-called determinatives,
its
e.
a word, to indicate
meaning
in a general way.
12.
and
2.
PHONETIC SIGNS.
a.
THE ALPHABET.
arrangement of which
is
The alphabet
(the
mod-
13*.
em)
is
as follows:
2.
PHONETIC SIGNS.
THE ALPHABET.
14.
i
II
(Eagle)
(Reedleaf)
('Ajin)
j^
__fl
-^
^f
AAAftAA
UP
^==^ k
"1""
to be
(s is
B. Since the
tw
ew empire
for
and %/
for n.
14*.
(cf.
C. 15)
and
2.
PHONETIC SIGNS.
THE ALPHABET.
15.
16.
the
manner
in
in Egyptian,
an
The vowels,
dicated.
are not
in-
For the
16;
18;
15
on
cf.
27.
ii.
15**
But
in
many words
n^
early
became
i,
a pronuny,
ciation,
6- g-
often indicated
by the addition of uU
m
a,
^.
^
In
n. e.
written ra
^^ ^^^
*^"J^ ^^pt.
g Al
(cf.
(cf.
C
^^v
15
2).
70)
is
[1
etymologically corresponds to
i,
and
in
many
16*.
e. g.
it
was early
lost,
cf.
^^ irp
and Rem.)
(J
imn copt.
1
AMOyN "Amon"
(from *^mon,
(1
Cf.
15
a,
In certain endings
was used
in the
i,
orthography indicates by
2.
PHONETIC SIGNS,
ffl.
THE ALPHARET. 17
22,
*17.
\:>
ciation
but in Coptic
it
has
disappeared.
18.
Cf.
15
Rem.
1,
corresponds to Semitic
Copt,
oy;
in
is
like u).
19.
2i\^=>-
/about corresponded
to our English
/";
Qj?
to the Semitic
20.
S. Cf. C
/
12bc.
as well as
r, cf.
<=^
like
r^
represented
aaaaaa
8.
In
certain words
an
/;
8a,
2.
2j^
ru h is
Heb. n, arab.
and
h differ like
arab.
(something like
cli
M)
and
(something like
German
in ach)\ nevertheless in
many words
h
it
h.
Cf.
14.
~~*^~
^^^
'
were
likewise
originally
different
corresponds to
it
our
sh.
Cf.
13.
2.
PHONETIC SIGNS.
U.
THE ALPHABET.
23
27.
z]
k corresponds to
p,
p,
^C3^ ^ to d;
S^
is
a sound 23.
very near to
Cf.C
<^ t
10,24.
corresponds to Semitic
of the
like
f\
s=
But
/ is
a special 24
modification
sounded about
period
ints ^.
e^i^i
t3
:
o in the
at a very early
s=5
Cf.
11a,
2.
25.
'W^
same sound,
at.
like
But
in
c=^3. In the
it
period
<:=^>
becomes
t,
so that
coincides
with
in Copt.
is
Cf.
11a,
4.
{1(1
still
(I's
texts,
cf.
e. g.
Ill
(In
WiUy msis
it is
i.
e.
From
the m.
e.
down
1,
written for
in so far as this
has remained
(cf.
in certain endings
N\
i'
we then
transliterate
e.
with
y.
is
it
cannot
Concerning
its
origin
cf.
108.
10
2.
PHONETIC SIGNS,
b.
PHONETICS.
C.
SYLLABIC SINGS. 28
32.
b.
28.
wanting, are
Such
is
many
and
is
written
(1
and
for initial
29.
^^
it
i produces
In
many words
stands, some-
and
mi
km^ "create";
Ami
tvh:^
"co-
lumn" and
columns" &c.
Along with
"create",
cf.
sm^m
In
157.
many words
i was also
early lost.
(I
Similar
and
s^i "wise",
also.
s;
A
shtn
further interchange
is ss, ss
and
ss9
also hs
and p "receive",
holies".
and
31.
Remarkable
is
the writing of
[{'='
it
"father" (copt.
c.
SYLLABIC SIGNS.
32.
40 have become
2.
PHONETIC SIGNS.
C.
SYLLABIC SIGNS.
33. 34.
11
Thus
^^,
really an
ideogram for wr
''great",
appears as a
anoint" &c.
i^^^^,
really an
"wax"
etc.
cf.
list
of
hieroglyphs.
The
^^,
i,
syllabic
signs,
is 33*.
syllables
the
these signs.
To be noted are:
--
{]
TV^
l^vs
*^
sB
U
O
t^
J.
i^
y mS
#^i
tB
&i
LToTsi
r^^tS
Of these kB and
the
ceptions (like
jn^
in s&i
probably
indicate peculiar
these words.
The
syllabic signs in
;
the above
may
also be used:
12
3.
IDEOGRAMS.
35
37.
^
.
^^ Iw
If^
*35.
frv
nrv
hw
sw
g7\
li
sw
and Sw
JB^,
rm
syllabic signs:
(J
perhaps
IS^
il
or sometimes also
(l-
probably
ri.
^^^
'
^^^'
^v
'
^^^^
^^^'
^^^^
^^ ^^^
early
%,
(cf.
43), the
(cf.
133), incorrectly
also
3.
IDEOGRAMS.
originally
*36.
The
ideograms
pr house,
v^^^
M wood,
lir
nt city, O K sun,
tQi
face,
1^ m&c
soldier,
tb heart,
&c.
37^
is
Mi
"reign",
3.
IDEOGRAMS.
38
40.
13
Staff of
*i* Plant
office for
hrp "lead",
"south",
^,
"God Horus",
^
to
"shoot".
38.
sm^rvt'i
"the
uniter
(of Egypt)"
etc.
An ideogram
word but
"cities",
its
39*.
from
it, e.
g.
all
ntvt
nt'l
"urban" and
forms.
verb
Mi
Mi
"ruler"
Mif
way
"ruler" (fem.).
a special vocalization of
it.
40*.
may
properly be
same ideogram,
nevertheless the
many
same
14
3.
IDEOGRAMS.
41. 42.
Thus
e.
g.
to
pr
"go out",
"rest"'.
T
1
mia
"flute"
>i
n mic^ "truth".
hpr "beetle"
si "goose"
?:
H hpr "become".
n
55
55
si "son".
wr "dove"
91
wr
"great".
&c.
all
sorts
of ab-
conceptions were
obtained.
Many
of these
many words
that
e. g.
^^^
rvr
"great"
1^ pB "fly" &c.
Cf.
32seq.
much more
like
crete
meaning
in the case of
A
e. g.
which
In
is
employed
and dBdB
"head".
many
apparently occurs
3.
IDEOQRAJIS.
43. 44.
15
()
and
Y?
0116 of
&c.
frequently, that
S
I
I
5^.
2\
kd "build"
&c.,
ist
"troop",
hrtv "voice",
mdw
"speak"
^^and^/)>.,^and^n^,
which are regularly confused
in the inscriptions.
44.
formed from
"go",
[j
all
others:
J\
Irv
i "go",
[^ sm
s^^
is il
"come",
"rob",
j4j
rs "south",
rnj)t
-^ kmC
|
tr
"south",
"I
"year",
"time",
rnp "bloom".
16
4.
DETERMINATIVES.
45
47.
4.
DETERMINATIVES.
latest part of the Egyptian
45
g.
(l^/^w,"tobe",
"in" &c.
^^
Tvr "great",
^
still,
A.
pyramid
B.
determinatives to a
word
more general
(of.
47)
comes
*46.
after the
more
special.
A
ject
g.
the determinative
^p^heaven"
and
*47.
^^px
's:s=='
nish "crocodile".
far
more numerous
meaning of
l<zz>0
hr
"tamarisk".
Note especially:
P
goddess,
animal,
bird, insect,
man,
woman,
^
"^
^people.
revered person,
plant,
4.
DETERMINATIVES.
48. 49.
17
Q
s;
AAAAAA AAAAAA
tree,
dust,
fluid,
(late
V)
land,
water,
foreign
J\
go,
see.
r\^^^ desert,
.^^
and,
^
city.
1
what
is
done with
the mouth,
house,
^
"^
(late
n)
that
barbarian,
(late e) flesh,
fire.
bad,
.-^^ abstract.
time,
When
a determinative
is difficult
cially in manuscripts,
St "Isis"
an abbreviation \
used,
e. g.
i
m.
for
jj
^ ^
still
distinguish
closer difi'erences
in
deter-
mination. They
to render its
m, in order
meaning general,
L^9 B^r "roast" but (1^ /w/ 2^0\^ pnw "mouse" but "l^"^ Cwt "cattle"
"flesh"
"^
Brman,
_^o "^^'iAr^'onionY?).
III
Egypt, gramm.
18 50.
4.
DETERMINATIVES.
50. 51.
to a detere. g.:
meaning,
1^
%^
Ji
I
hrw "day",
-^nn^
e.
In the
n. e. these
additional
signs
and
are often
incorrectly employed.
To the m,
^
.).
feminine ending
"city',,
(^'
as if they
smt "land".
*51.
as a special kind of
e. g.
^^ dw
"mountain",
"^^
ri (?) "mouth",
si "son",
c "arm",
'^'
i):
ex-
hr
1.
"face", 2.
"upon" with
word
is ~~^
"man" with
cf.
also 58.
5.
ORTHOGRAPHY,
tt.
IN GENERAL.
52. 53.
19
determinative
is
Thus,
e. g.
the syllable kd
written
or
because of
Ih "to thirst"
kd
"circle"
(1
written:
written:
A.
"'calf";
^^"eternity"
etc.
^1
the writing
flesh
twf "he
is"
from hcf
"flesh".
5.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
a.
IN GENEEAL.
trans- 53.
manner how
may be
designated
found
manu-
scripts of the
m.
B*
20
5.
ORTHOGRAPHY,
b.
54. 55.
A.
able,
The orthography
exceedingly varidifficult
indeed;
but for us
of importance, because
it
often
consistently
distinguishes
b.
54
The majority
gram, to which
is
added an indication of
pronun-
Whether
all
the conson-
ants of the
word are
separate word.
the usage
(cf.
Caligraphy
is
7) is
of a given writing.
*55.
Usually
added.
is
it
is
To
biliteral
e.
ideograms the
final
consonant
subjoined,
g.:
^^J\ pr
r\\ms
"go out",
^^yv,
t
^h "go in",
"to bear",
'^
^1
M "white",
e,
g.
^
f
tipr
"become",
"stand",
^7\^
^-'^
5.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
5.
56. 57.
21
or also
e. g.:
/->
two consonants,
AAAAAA
--
nfr "good".
More
e.
g.
56*.
\'^ZE^
"feast",
and
still
more
^ ^
n^ J
A.
frequent,
s&i "star".
AAAAAA a^^^ AAAAAA
H
nfr "good",
o
cf. e. g.
and
ChC
"stand"',
n 9
M
t
AAAAAA
ChC "palace",
'
classic writings T
'
'
^^
Mt^.
57.
its
is
e, g.
W'
J
A.
^(J "to
command",
^^
dmd
"unite",
"'^^ sick",
^^^^^''
mA
This
'"^
is
"pyramid".
remnant of the oldest orthography;
in the
also a
22
*58.
5.
OETHOaEAPHY.
C.
58. 59.
except
are
left
^
I
hr "face",
ss (?) "scribe",
pr
"house", "god",
'=s. '
nb "every",
'^^nir
^
mh
nb "lord",
"fill",
iM
2i
\\\
msC "armv",
^ ^
^
ht "house",
St "Isis",
mrvt "mother".
Jmt "woman",
etc.
59.
i.
e.
without ideograms.
(1^ ^^^
tw "to be",
^ rn "name",
Jl^ ^ %, V
^^'^
(]
l\
"^^^"'
^^^ "lion",
n^^(l^
A.
is
very frequent.
v\
|
for
v\
^^
'^^
^ for
"^^
i/jf "field",
which
5.
OKTHOGRAPHY.
C.
62.
23
ideograms, the
pronunciation
is
is
added to them
in the
is
same way.
written,
rvn,
It
mostly the
ms,
final
consonant which
mr,
'^
hr,
e. g.
mn^
^^
&c.
But
in
many
is
dist-
cf.
56)
e. g.
syllabic sign
is
w'^
Y>, in
e. g.
tirv,
LJ
O ^^
si^ :
[1
62.
and
is to
'Ij
p^^O
f^n-l,
sS-i,
in
24
6.
ORTHOGRAPHY.
d.
d. ABBREVIATIONS.
63. 64.
ABBREVIATIONS.
63.
Since the Egyptian writing was naturally intended only for such as were familiar with the language, the
them
self-evident.
Almost
all
grammatical changes
left
is
therefore which
unindicated,
e. g.
"woman"
written
J)
tv).
Hi
"every
64.
woman"
is
&c.
Further with
many
consonant
used words:
S
^
^_^
for llf h
"father", n
v^ s^
Jl
^^^
^^-
"^^"''5
oQ
j]
mr
"stone",
^^^
for
hrd
"child",
5.
ORTHOOKAPHY.
d.
ABBREVIATIONS.
65
67.
25
'^
n
&c.
n T;^
,.
tr'i
"be-
\\
"^^
for
\\
\\ "^^
iwf
"flesh".
Here belong
where only
its
second
65.
consonant is added to a
of 55,
jf
triliteral
ideogram
in violation
e.
g.:
I
for
stn "king of
upper
Egypt",,
(a
"o"
I
for
I
^^^
oD
I
^^'^
'^"^^
for
l<=r>;sr "strong",
()
for shmt
In frequently used
arbitrary
"prince",
and formulae,
like:
still
more
hCfi
66.
abbreviations
occur,
^^^
for
d
|l
I
diction nr
for Cnh
wdB snb
1 0|
^^^
tvp rv^rvt
26
e.
70.
Toq"^]
68.
for
^"^^^^^
is
hCwf-RC
his
word which
minative
s
Q
is
inserted,
D
e. g.
for
^^
for
nht "strong",
| for s"^"^!!
cf.
trvi
"statue" &c.
the
table of signs).
e.
*69.
In
titles,
must of course be
restored,
e. g.
1 "^^ sB
I
y
'^
Sci 1
J}n-ntr
Hkt
oQ
/.
mi RC
"like ReC".
70.
Since the m.
/.
UNUSUAL STYLES.
71. 6.
72.
27
treated in 33
TV.
35 and of other
rv
;
syllables in i
and
e. g.
s=>
^ A^
^,
The
f_TV-pB-'irB
for
)'r^(i)
the
Hebrew nsb
"scribe" &c.
syllables
^,
seem to correspond
to
g.
^C^^
\\
for
HI
2j)
as determina-
"moun-
tain^ represents d,
mt.
\\
mrvt
"mother"
first
the syllable
But
this
wanton method
attains importance
A summary
1872).
6.
of these signs
is
impossible.
One should
28 PRONOUNS.
1.
1.
a,
PERSONAL SUFFIXES.
73.
25 had, in the m.
texts of the
ra. e.
already become
n. e.
t
-^li
and
ci^^i,
in
and
transliterated
in
cases of doubt,
'^-=^
and
and d only
Hence
2.
j| w^r but
<zr> nirt}
should be
little
restored.
Hence nk ^\
according to 133
but
3.
( 29, 30)
Words in which the order of consonants changes should be written, when in doubt, with the form
r)
;
in
first
mi andj
only i^m
4.
when
In
compound words
be separated by a hyphen:
"Ramses".
'1
v^
R(^-ms-sw
PRONOUNS.
1.
PERSONAL SUFFIXES.
suffixes,
*73.
The personal
tl
1.
tt.
PERSONAL SUFFIXES.
74.
29
(e.
g.
orthography are:
c.
Sing.
^^
(^'^)
k
t
Plur.
1.
c.77; n
(
2 m.
f.
r:z::y(>
2. c. ^-'^^'^tn
' ' '
jaa^aaa
j
I
I
.=
P
V/WWVA
/^~^ 5[/wsAAA
1/
(O)
n A/\AAAA
*
m.
f.
^^ f
(--)
.
\
I
3. c.
word
to
g.
S'^"^
mr/t "thou
glj
^^^z::^
The
(e. g.
suff.
sg.
is
74.
XODI
"my head");
e.
unindicated,
g.
is
To
"my
office",
from the
m.
e.
down
it
' g-
^^ ^
or
^^Ji
is
^^
"^^ Ji
left
according
s^l
as
"my
son".
sometimes
unindicated here
(cf.
194).
and
an exception
B.
later also.
falls
away
(e. g.
copt.
pAT
"fuy foot"
5).
30
75.
1.
tt.
PERSONAL SUFFIXES. 75
79.
pi, al^
In the m.
e.
s=
of the 2 sg.
t
;
f.
and 2
nevertheless
= and
jlJ
;
2 sg.
f.
are
d 3\
and
in Copt,
(-E), cf
50.
f.
76.
The
m.
sg. is
sg. often
"^1
the 3
f.
3 plur.
The
o^'''^
be found.*
is
still to
]
[]'
On
the other
hand the
when they
are subjoined to a
noun
in the dual or
though
it
is
e.g.
^
v::.
Cw?/'"his
two arms",
sptw'iki\
'V
^^i'C^^^
second".
suffix
TvCrftfi ""his
two|
snnrv/'i "his
A
79*.
*^-
[l
fc.
possessive suffixes
* Todth.
7, 5.
attached to infinitives
(e.
g.j
1,
b.
80. 81.
31
^[j^l""
/?r
Ithk
lit.
"at
thy drawing") they represent the object to our grammatical sense and the Egyptians themselves later
conceived them as such.
B.
Since the forms of. the copt. verb are
infinitive,
mostly
made
with the
174).
b.
Its forms,
c.
'^^
?v2
Plur.
1. c.
^^J n
III
tn
2m.t=>^tTv.i::^^tw
f.
{1m or Inl)
3m
f.
SW
3. C.
I
'
/WWVA^^
III III
W
St
SI
Neutr. 3 c.\\c^
They
are
still
employed
(cf.
as
subject,
almost
The
sg. is
pi.
is
is
fji
written in the
in the
o. e.
^.
The
2 m.
trv 81.
and the 2
m.
e.
tn.
-The
f.
of course
when the
not written.
32
1.
C.
84.
A.
1 sg.
v\
2
(1.
For the
tn.
m. they
f.
tm and
st
but
it
is
time of the m.
"it".
It is
may even
Cf.
e.
refer to
by
it.
g.
Cnnsn
(lit.
"it") about".
83.
1 sg. wll,
m.
fwt,
f.
m.
sTvt,
f.
stt.
Of
these, only
e.
^^
swt
is
be found in the m.
c.
*84.
ject,
stantive
Sing.
by means of
Inwk
AAAAA^
In
(cf.
350).
1.
They are:
c.
1 c.
Plur.
2 m.
f.
oi
ntk
ntt {latter ntt)
AAAAAA g ) ^wvaaa c.
nttn
o
'^^ -^
(later n^^w)|
Zm. a.
f.
ntf
1
c.
ntsn
nts
2.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
C.
WITH
p-,
t-.
86.
33
1 sg. is
an exceptional form,
103)
suffixes.
still
rare.
1 sg.,
(J
later
M^i.
Prom
cf.
51.
d.
"SELF".
The word
with the
suff.
means
"self,
e. g.
85.
"himself
or -without
suff.
52), later
2.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
a.
FORMS WITH MASC. J9-FEM. t-. The most common demonstrative "this",
Sing. m.
AAAAAA
is:
86.*
pn
[1
f.
AA/SAAA
Plur. m.
Ipn (pn)
f.
(i
Iptn (ptn)
are, in the
(cf.
m.
e.,
already ob-
91).
It
always
stands
the
substantive:
I
pr
AAAA/VN
j9n "this
house", J
LD
1
1 1
ht in
AAA^/W
"this castle".
In cere-
Sin. 66.
Eg^pl. granim.
Erman,
34
2.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
O.
WITH
p-,
t-.
87
90.
monious language
it
names of
m pn gs
B. In n.
*87.
e. it is
almost entirely
2. in
3.
ceremonial address
Ppy
in apposition; (^mw'i-n-sl,
hhB
n-Sl,
the prince of
Tnw"
Iptw.
(lit.
"this prince"). m.
A. In the pyramids
f.
it still
survives: sing.
pw
(also p,pi),
tw
plur.
m. ipw
f.
it is
entirely lost.
88.
trvy
(1
pwy,
f.
o^
(J (1
occur,
prv.
m.
pf,
f.
*^-=--,
1^ \\
^h^
P^f'i-
tive
(like
The
pn
plur. is replaced
by
A. The pyramids have also the plural ipf and also place
86 A) before the substantive.
is
"90.
sing.
m.
2.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
&.
FORMATIONS WITH U:
91. 92.
35
pS,
f.
o^.
t^i
is
D/>^^^
It
is
is
v"^
pi*
S/drv
"thi&_book".
also used
as a substantive (jai
pw Wslr
Q/^^
"this
Osiris")
and
^^ ^
cf.
i-
cf.
Usually
replaced by ni,
94.
A, In the pyramids
B.
pB
The
article
is
later
c.
113;
the
TTAl (C 68)
is
b.
FORMATIONS WITH
n-.
|
4-4- ^^
I
^^
91.*
But
|j^[j|j
it is
for the
aaaaaa
^ nn
sht'i
"these peasants"^
(lit.
86).
^^^^ "these
falls
away: nn (4-4-)
and
AA/\A/W
I
I
are
AA/v^A^
D v\ (older
nn; as a substantive
>
\\) nn>
it
is
used precisely
like 92.*
.
.
means
75.
"this", in
^
nw n
12.
it
Sin. 32.
Bauer
Westc.
5,
C*
36
NOUNS.
1.
SUBSTANTIVES,
a.
EXPRESSION OF GENDER.
AA/ViAA
95.
replaces
J|
I
I
the plural
of prv
(cf.
87):
is
WW n LA
more archaic
than nn.
B. In
^^'
it is lost.
^^^^
plural
way
replaces the
of/?/", e. g. w/j?
*94.
%
K^
the
i "this"
is
a substantive,
"this";
it
in
serves
90, 113),
e. g.
"V
''^'^
/'^wT
unknown.
falls
away
wi,
AAA/SA^
for
''K^
113 B.
NOUNS.
1.
a.
SUBSTANTIVES.
EXPRESSION OF GENDER.
and denotes
-t
95.
The masculine and feminine are distinguished. The feminine has the ending
1.
2.
Eb.
2,
5.
Eb. 108,
20.
Siut
I,
297.
1.
37
3.
nity";
4.
and the
5.
Abstract conceptions,
like
stnyt
"kingdom",
JmtC^) "evil".
u,
which
96.
It is nevertheless
only rarely
etc.:
[I
vx^^wpw Anubis,
^^^^^^
"pauper" (from
Q^^""^^^
ny J\
/?wr "poor"),
V^
3.
sms "follow")
cf.
(]
^
^^O^
lost.
Fioop), especially
"jar",
D%>.5 hnw
CTZ]
hnw
"interior".
is still
more
frequent.
is
always written,
97.
38
a.
6.
in abbreviations (like
for
ht
ntr
"house
of god"),
The
collective
It
is
written
. 1
From the
n. e.
its
t,
and
or a long vowel
(cf.
61).
Hence
e.
or added in the
wrong
98.
place-
The names
v\
J^^s
is
99.
We
possess-
seq.);
but
^.
sm
*sm (cim)
"herb",
O K =
(1
*reC
(oh)
"sun",
^rn =
:^ lrp=*ierp
(TNg) "wing",
(HOn) "wine",
?^^
dnh
*denli
1.
SUBSTAKT1VE8.
h.
101.
39
yC^ ^^^
^-^^ spr
/'^^
snf
=
is
*snof (CNOq)
"blood",
^%^
trvt
== *?;5^
A
ical
large
number
of substantives
l\ this
ending
is
probably ident-
with
The old
is
flri
e.
they end in m. w,
e.
,
wt (pronounce
e.
ui^ uit'^),
in the
m.
in
m.
?/,
f.
yt.
So
g.:
ningstar"
II
^ "^ ^ Im^hw
mrrvt
(1
.^(1
fl
Im^Jiy "revered"
l\l\ci
mryl "love".
loi.
On
tives in
m.
ai,
f.
yt^
an
in
most
\v
III
sC'i
"sand"
(0)0)), ""^
40
1.
SUBSTANTIVES,
\
b.
102. 103.
A^/^A^A
n \\
nhs'i
"negro"
?
f]
iJ
nJjsyt "negress".
Those
in
rv'i
like
^ i=^
A number
is
of substantives
is
this prefix
(of.
35):
All
\
i
103.
which
is
used
German
".
prefixed {nt-hsb
"Rechnungswesen")
J
in^
i.
"good
is
place"
"the good").
A remarkable form
)
the
frequently recurring
-^^ ^^
AAAAAA
-
wn m^c
L
(properly,
probably: "it
tive "truth".
is
true"),
which
is
A. The prefix
tl
"belonging to"
title
A
I
is
entirely obsolete;
it
is
v\
tt-sio
e.
1.
SUBSTANTIVES.
C.
41
c.
orthographi- 104*.
an ideogram:
"houses",
ntrrv "gods",
prw
but
still
^P
nwt
"cities" (archaic,
retained
by threefold
hCt'iw
writing
of
the determinative:
=^wiM^wi
3.
"princes" (obsolete).
III,
by means of
i,
(more rarely
), which
Mw
"mil-
ntrrv
"gods" (abbreviation of
III,
1.).
by means of
i,
minative:
of
2.).
l<rz>^|^
"princes" (abbreviation
A. There
is
^^ ^^ ^^
.
df^to" victuals",
also
U
.
hkSw "charm",
"monument"; they
(1
put
o o o after purely
phonetic writings:
v
in
^^^^ "^"
cellent"
(pi.).
Such writings
tv
(about 105"
42
like
1.
SUBSTANTIVES.
C.
EXPRESSION OF NUMBER,
a.
PLURAL. 106.
^w
cf.
C 109
seq.),
e.
which
g.
is
consistently written
in
good manuscripts,
'^^.
v'^
sww
"herbs".
Note especially:
1.
The w
is,
for the
most
dSd^w
ntrtv ''gods",
j
|
2.
in V^, the
of the plural
^^
3.
hrrv plural of
hrw
''day".
^
The
adjectives
in
fi
(cf.
it
133)
take plural
ending,
firv (cf.
^i,
133
those in
write
and
43, 61).
4.
On
the plural of
""^^^
^
cf.
97; that
ofl
(1 (1
stn
jv
in
stnyrv,
in the sing.
B. In the n.
e.
y; that of the
adjectives in
ti
ends later in
^\
(I
lA
^W-
"106.
cf.
in
rvt
{*wetj
C
1
e. g.
'^|J^^w^&wr'necks"i
58, 12.
1.
SUBSTANTIVES.
C.
EXPRESSION OF NUMBER.
CI
P.
43
(horn nhbt),
'^V'||i
^
In
'^
Cj^tvt
"swellings (?)^
c^t)
&c.
classic
orthography these
"women"
&c.
|3.
DUAL.
107*
The dual
1.
is
orthographically indicated:
repetition
of the sign,
by
the
with words
t^w'i
"the two
lands"
-ending
2.
is
mrfi{l) "the
two eyes".
In
not written.
^ '^'^\y
^^-^
Cfi
"the
legs".
The
Just as there
a determinative,
ill,
was a corresponding
or
\^,
which
is still
e. g. 5
used
or
\\
Grave in Assuan.
Eb. 108,
19.
44
Y-
W ^(]
v:^ U
(j
~^),
S^ |
it
m.
e.,
meaning of
I,
\>v
is
forgotten and
which
"109.
is
properly an
which, in the
m, in
the
The older
or
writ^'
^Ol]
V^
tvli^
I1h
ov c^ tl\
from the m.
e.
rv'l
f.
110.
The singular
we expect the
is
plural, especially
where
e. g.
^^^::^
nb "every"
(selecti.
"600
men
ed) from
^^
the brave".
e.
"from
111.
all
it,
the plural
used:
1.
e.
g.
m^^^
h^f
LU
II 122 b.
1.
45
"time",
^"Ix^nil
tSw heat",
"^^^^.^^^fkBrv
"reward" &c.
2.
e.
g. aaaaaa
mw
"water",
\\ =0==D==D=
But plurals of
singulars also
(e. g.
sort
are
early treated
as
mw
the
"water").
which, like
in the singular,
The dual
pairs.
is
or things in
121.
112.
It early
became
d.
THE ARTICLE,
to
113.
90) as
an
article.
The forms
are:
i>^,
f.
Sing. m.
Plur.
'Tk
AAAAftA
^^
e.,
^^
. .
t^'
'^"^ nB n ("the of
')
with following
singular or plural.
AAAAAA
B. Since the m.
instead of
"^
n^ with following
sq.
plural
is
written
nB
n.
cf.
C 112
46
114.
1.
116.
e.
further, re-
These
the
names of
all
2.
many
designations of localities,
cult
4.
especial frequence.
f
115.
(lit.
nCDq
(cf.
54), originates
from
Before a substantive
it
relation
73)
e. g.
in all cases,
would be used,
a^^;^(1(1j^^^
for
pSyfpr
^^ prf
"his house".
.
The feminine
is
tByf^
the
plural
is
is
the
55).
The
tongue of the m.
n
"
. .
e.;
.",
the combina(masc.)
-
tions
.
\\ 'ww^
I
rvCro
"one of.
AAAftAA
Jl
fit
o^^i
wCt
B.
"one of
(fem.) still
mean
(cf.
"any'
The
indefinite article
wC
copt.
OY
of this
wCw n
in the n.
e.
e.
very often
tr
117.
r
j
e. g.
n "at
rC nh "every day"
(lit.
"every sun"),
designation
of place in
expressions like
mht "northern".
:
spw 4
"four times".
Here
also,
118.
refers:
"^
^
/.
In
an
the
substantive
explaining
119.
it
specifies material: n
^
1^
i.
^^ Inr
a sarco-
a sarcophagus",
e.
-^ ^ Jc^%\@
Tm{7)
'
Sin. 49.
Una
5.
48
/. APPOSITION
121.
in the
Bhdrv "Thinis,
Abydos'V
i.
e.
Abydos situated
nomos
3.
of Thinis;
it
specifies
S^
[It]
^^^hkt my 22
"Beer, 22 jars",
e.
22 jars of beer^;
i.
^\^^^^
number
120.
Jisb,
e.
In
series
of
coordinated words,
Jj
i
they
are
^^"^^
U U \>i^=fi>
AAAAAA
The pyramids
cooi'dinate also
by means of the
particle
which comes
after the
words
to be connected.
121.
The expression
for "or"
D^)
m
nb,
by
"or":
sn,
hnms
friend"".
word.
1
AZ
29, 120.
14.
6
glut
I,
293.
LD
H, 122
"^
a.
9,
Sm. 132^
Westc.
11,
Leps. Ausw. 8
d.
Prisse
9.
g.
THE GENETIVE.
a.
124.
49
g.
a.
THE GENETIVE.
DIRECT GENETIVE.
is
apparently express-
122*.
mil
i-\
words
is
for the
e.
most part so
.,-n-^. ,-^-^
[l
I
may be
ihrvt Is
separated,
g.
=^
pw
divided by
is
On
ed as a compound word,
e.
g.
^ JlM^ M..^
overseer
of peasinto the Copt.
(cf.
^1
mr-shi'irv
ants".2
B. This last case persisted the Coptic forms
suffered
down
C 140);
so joined
shortening,
of the Semitic
"status constructus".
The
1.
124.
Siut
I,
288.
Sin. 244.
Erman,
E^ypt. ^ramni.
50
|3.
^"^cz^^^^
'1
^jS k.^
m hrdwf
his children".^
2.
^\
m
3.
mr
pr "house",
^^^ "overseer of
si "son":
^^\
nT)
^^
the works".
4.
Where 1
'^
s/;z
"king" and
T AAAAAA
governed words
hmt
On
69.
The
direct genetive
later indirect; in Copt, only the cases of 123 are preserved, cf. 140.
p.
n.
*125.
It is
Amon"
Amon".
num-
belonged;
its
forms,
Sin. 78.
p.
tl.
126.
51
f.
nt {*nii),
nt {*nijvt,
/WNAA/v
nw
{*niw),
f.
cf.
106).
sg.
m.
nt (in the m.
e.
once
pi.
m.
v\,
mv'i.
'^ nw.
its inflection;
it
first
e.)
aa^w\a
n became an unchange-
C. 141.
The
1.
126.
^P^ ^^
to designate a part:
"'
'"
,^;;j^
smmf
"the
first
of his harvest,"
2. to
designate material
I
hip CB ni sst
AAAAAA
C^
more nearly
define
we would
^'^
often
employ an adjective:
c^:?.
^^^^
111
5
^^^
v^
ni
mSQ
"a
man
of truth".
LD LD
IT, II,
138 d. 149 d.
2 5
Slut
I,
310.
Una
6
43.
II,
LD
II,
122
b.
Mar. Ab.
24.
52
127.
2.
ADJECTIVES,
a.
On
tive,
preferred:
:
|
1.
M ^"^^^
W."^
^, t
'^^^
,
^^
aaaaaa
jQ
^
|
Snd
2.
a.
ADJECTIVES.
128.
common
to substan-
nfr "good'
*wa/r (NOyqE),
|
[I
^^J)ln
"^nodm
^v
ndm
"sweet"
(NOyTM).
2.
^^ wr
3. ^^zz7 rib
"every"
*m& (nIM).
Cf.
C 146 sq.
Eb. 75,
13.
Una
46.
2.
ADJECTIVES,
a.
53
it
They follow
in
their substantive
i29*.
1^
^^kt
III
1^1
<$=lv
V ^^^^ ^^^^
[v^
"many
ten thousands",^
%"
^'5^^
things",^
^^^
AAAAV
YV
C 3
iCIi
\\
bhnt'i wrt'i ^
Nevertheless most texts are not exact in the writing of these endings,
self evident of course to the
also.
Most adjectives
later
become unchangeable
(of.
C 147);
first lost,
Of
^^
130.
U|l
2.
C121,
is
1.
The possessive
suffix of the
noun
repeated
"^^
"""^
rh
2^^^=^
Eb.
11,
15.
2 5
Una
Siut
14.
I,
3 6
Eb. 30,
15.
LD
ni, 24 d.
225.
LD
II,
124, 54.
54
131.
b.
ADJECTIVES IN
?.
131
133.
substantive^
e.
It
is
employed
also
as
g.
^^^
;r
(Plu-
On
its
the employment of
ending
^^
cf.
tv'i
cf.
On
the
300.
ADJECTIVES IN
?.
132.
They are
positions by
all
written
with
if
the adjec-
tive is derived
syllable,
-t
ti,
arises a final
and the
'i
As may
cf.
be seen from
93.
it
This ending
is
only written,
is
where
really
masc:
Sing. m.
f.
\\
(i),
(it)
Plur.
m..^
f.
(irv)
^
^^
^ g
(ii)
(tit)
(?w,
cf.
43.
61.)
(iwt)
0. e.
(tiwt).
In the
the
was
left
unindicated even in
Thus:
b.
ADJECTIVES IN
?.
134.
55
Iri
"existent at"
Sing.
m.()'^,
(j
Plur. m.
fl^^^"^
A.
for
fl
for
fi,
and
V\ vX
and ^^,
V\
m.
e.
for
V^,
B. In the
v\
m the
[\l\,
n. e. the plur,
masc.
is
also written
and
^|
V\
l\l\.
confusion between
and
begrins in the
n. e. also, since
97 B.
substantives
(e. g.
from nt
"city"
nt'i
"urban", and
ni'i
"two
cities"),
|l[|w^^
"urban".
ntr
note:
|^
nt'i
urban
(i.
e.
native)
god",
^^^ or
horizon."
^^^
Jlr
Iht'ii^)
56
135.
b.
ADJECTIVES IN
'i.
135.
~[F^^^"[1"^'
(J'^(y^)
(from m),
m "existent
y
'
^
"^
^''^
/ir),
V
,
ij^
IJ
tp),
(^^^(rffi^i^)
/wwvA ni (cf.
Irvii
cf.
89),
mit'i
o\\
ss.mht'i
derived),
=^
e. g.
"^
LD
ni, 24 d.
Louvre C
172.
b.
ADJECTIVES IN
?.
136. 137.
57
-H
^.
hr'isst^
secrets"/
y
mlt'if
"resembling him".^
is
All that
of.
/^ ,^ f ^
^
/
M
^ rn
i
^^^^^ -^i(lit.
Imirv h^rvsn
o
jgv
oo
I
smwt
III
mhfirvt
"northern lands'V
f=^
gssn
hr'i
"their
hri-sn
upper side
likewise
gs
"their upper-side".^
e. g.
the sand"
lira
III
(i.
Vo
mit'iwk
originat-
e. g.
^^.^^
^^
hft'i
"enemy"
I,
Mar. Ab.
Sin. 72.
II,
24.
5
lD
6,
II,
6
149
e.
Siut
7
311.
13.
<
LD
9
III,
24d.
lb.
Eb.
70, 4.
Una
Prisse
58
c.
APPENDIX
(iri,
imy,
ns).
138.
139.
((^Aqx),
ft
c.
APPENDIX
{iri,
imy, m).
138.
The following remarkable unchangeable expressions are probably descended from adjectives:
1.
(J
Iri
[1
ir'iw (?)
"belonging
to,
correiri) in
^\ J^gj^;
(1
m m
isw'i Iri
"as corresponding
^v
\\
St
Iri
^A\i\ ^f
suffix, e. g.
I
I'^y
"belonging to him
'
with
changeable
ra^AAAAAA
^^<S^
^^ ^^^
''^y
"^^ oldest
On
and
e. g.
the other
s,
which we also
language
is
still
construed as suchj
LD
III,
24
d.
Westc.
9,
11.
3.
NUMERALS,
a.
141.
59
^i
zon"
(I
V
[I
(lit.
T^"^
irv
ns
St
mr wC
"they
P overseer"
(lit.
it")
\3
3.
a.
NUMERALS.
140*.
REAL NUMERALS.
The numeral
I
figures are:
units,
T
I
thousands,
tens of thousands,
tens,
"^^^^
hundreds,
hundreds of thousands.
less:
ITT
12,635.
In
IZ &c.)
141.
wC
hmt
2
4 fdrv
5 drv^
2 sn
3
1
6 sis
lD
III,
24 d.
Peasant
16.
60
3.
XUMERALS.
a.
REAL NUMERALS.
142. 143.
7 sfh
100 ^C 1000 h^
hmn
9jos(^
10000
^&<: h/'n
10 m^
100000
Of the
157.
latter is
most part
in the plural:
2, >J>ii
wl:^
2 "two ships"
2. in specifications of
accounts,
j
^^||||
inh
"4 ell8^
A.
The pyramids
it
treat the
suhjoin to
This construc-
^
i,
v\
hriw
rnpt "the
days.
five,
e.
the 5 intercalary
B. In
LE
is
for the
most connected by
C 162
143.
The numeral
wC "one", which
is
mostly writ
b.
146,
\
61
its
noun
in gender:
SI-
rnpt
same.
On
tvCrv
cf.
116.
its
By
placing
is
rvC
before
an adjectiye or verb,
lative:
"
tvC
meaning
rendered super-
used
as
substantives:
144.
I
nw.
they
Ml"
hi
ii
"thousand of bread".
The
&c.:
may
"first" is
supplanted by
tp'i (cf.
135),
which, as an ad-
They are
all
used
manner
later, still
found.
mh
165.
= "that which
fills
up three");
cf.
also
(]
ky,
f.
146.
numerals
in the
1
pyramids
47.
(cf.
142 A)
Una
62
THE VERB.
a.
^^(jlj^^^^
^ ky gsw ^ "^55
"another salve"/
ktyf
ruBt
The
first
word
is
\^ ar
A-wj'
(the
is
more
i
frequently a circumlocution
kt-ht "another
used for
it
^ o
II
hody" and
Ill
kt-lht
"another
thing",
147.
i.
e.
others.
pirv
The substantive
plural or singular
l/vww\
tfiff)
means "every";
(lit.
"number
of their revolts").
THE VERB.
1.
a.
IN GENERAL.
USUAL CLASSES.
into various classes,
ac-J
'148.
cording to the number and character of their consonants, the so-called "radicals". These classes differ
in
manner of
1
inflection,
2
Butler IG.
Una
28.
THE VERB.
-differences were,
a.
151.
63
may
still
C 185
sq.
The de-
that
common
to Semitic
grammar.
as
^^unmr
^^
their
mh
"fill",
consonants in
forms unchanged.
Cf.
186 sq.
The verbs
e.
g. "
zl
^^rvnn AAAAAA
1
"to be",
^nlX WVV
WS>
kmm "become
black",
|\)
kbb
"become
cool",
-*^^^\ V\ in^^ "see". But as these similar rad<s>- >>^ yy^ icals fall together where they are not separated by a
full
{mn,
km
&c).
Cf.
199.
^^terdae infirmae" (Illae 151*.
i
or
""j
which neverthe(1(1;
forms:
in
most
cases they
first
\>-
e. g.
qa
Hj'
mr
"love",
fflfl
64
THE VERB.
a.
154.
re-
j^ hS "descend".
Cf.
and
<2>-(l[l;
is
written
A. With a part of these verbs the third radical was originally
a M or
m;
which
as a rule
became
or \
lit.
152.
The
triliteral
verbs
(I'll lit.)
like the II
( 149)
Cnh "live
'Cv
nhm
"rescue",
^
'
Stp "load".
153.
Cf.
C 200 sq.
geminatae" (Illae gem.), which
The verbs
'"''tertiae
Illae
ed.
inf. ( 151),
(I
ii
spdd\
h^l
'
"be revered":
ppl
>
1)
spss)\ only
isolated examples
ips'i),
in
which an
is
written out
^y
inf.
can be
IV ae
Cf.
227.
lit.
The
and
quadriliteral
and
lit.)
correspond to the II
and
III
lit.
and
p.
157.
65
lit.
and
*/?w),
III
r
lit.:
Rj^:^
^ hmhm
nhmhm (from
and V
lit.
"low, roar'
(from
^^1^
lit.
nhni).
seem
to have
(cf.
224. 226).
p.
distinguished with
e.
g.
the
frequently
"strike"
recurring verbs
dd "say" and
ndr
present
other II
many
lit.
points
III
and
by
i,
ise.
\j\
hBb
"send",
^1
lost the i.
appears
at
least
orthographically
as
T '^^
is
withT'^^;
Cf. 29.
also 157.
Egypt, jfiamni.
66
p.
158. 159.
(cf.
C 221. 222;
to 29)
208).
Note
repeat the
i,
in
certain
forms
kmB
"create"
rvSh
is
customary orthography.
;,
like
%>
The verbs
and
in
mediae
write the
it;
rv
only rarely,
part
is
hence
^.
r^
^t "die"
al-
ways written
for <rz=>
"^^
of
rrvd "grow".
The existence
verbs mediae I
may
Copt, because
to
e. g.
is
always written
"l
rs.
159.
Ilae
gem. in
i,
like
ps "divide",
as a rule
make
the form^s^^
7vss^
insdead oipH,
wU\
p.
f.
THE CAUSATIVE.
161.
67
cf.
30.
On
the other
1
hand
[ 11
\\
ps (older
fs)
"cook" has
\\
pfs and
psf.
160*.
sometimes written
TT
jj
sometimes
int,
Iw "go", sometimes
I
^w;f,
"go" sometimes
\\J\
Ui^\ sometimes
\\
H,
"give",
A,
0,
dl
and A A,
dldl{J)\
the
last
forms.
Y.
THE CAUSATIVE.
I
By means
of the prefix
there
may be formed
161*.
with intransitives
lir
with
transitives
(i. e.
Cm "swallow":
s^^m
"cause
to to
swallow"
know"
(i.
e.
cf.
231),
and
68
b.
VOICE. 162.
C.
the causative of
the last
mn
(infin.
232).
the
are treated as
quadriliterals
TV,
238).
With
verbs primae w,
falls
away;
e. g.
%P
6.
162.
verb distinguish-
intransitive
verb
was
analogously
cf.
divided
241. 242.
171. 182.
Nevertheless,
all
details
are
as
yet
c.
163.
The
is
earlier,
still
employed in the
208).
The
73.
later
suffixes
of
Cf. e. g.
C.
167.
69
Sg.
c.
^^. ^
,v/
^^^^
PI
2
c.
2 m.
f.
^v^^^
*^^^
A^)^
'V'^^^^sdmtn
^^\
g=> sdmt
g)
rvAAAAAA
m. ^^^\
f.
2^-^
sdmf
^^\
sdms
cf.
On
74. 75.
also,
(cf.
in the
pyramids
206 A),
this
was
first lost
with IV
lit.
and
lit.^
no
suffix is
employ-
165.*
is
heard".
An
also
absolute pronoun
(cf.
80) is,
by exception,
si
166.
hsbt
"it
When
the subject
is
a substantive or an absolute
167.
According to Sethe.
70
C.
shdw
srv
t^Tv'i
subject),
all
forms,
is
Note
cf.
(1^
1
Jl
^w
"it is"^;
(w-form,
amounts to"^;
m
to"^.
hprhr
($r-form,
204)
"that
amounts
The
passives
are
to express the
)
French "on"):
"it
is
said"^.
is
designation of the
On
narrative
cf.
is
A second
actor,
is
(logical)
subject,
often
and hr:
\
*
8
25.
5
3
"
LD
III 24 d.
49.
sin. 243.
Sin. 55.
Math. Hdb.
Sin. 263.
2.
USUAL INFLECTION,
a. IN
GENERAL. 170.
71
nM
hr
"some
is
chewed by the
man"^
3^
^^P
^^
t'^
^^
" ''by
arm
is
In the same
to infinitives
manner the
logical subject
is
added
^w:
L
making
[1
'wwvA
^^
^j>^
ifi
hmti "working
(lit.
2.
USUAL INFLECTION.
a.
IN GENERAL.
The
of forms,
which are
in
are
distinguished
by the vocalisation
only.
most verbs,
so that
it is difficult
for us to distinguish
them
correctly.
is
Any
forms,
Eh. 47,
19.
Ppy.
I,
97.
Br. Gr.
W.
139.
72
h.
a.
forms,
is
[]
for
(I'
/(
'
V\
is
left
orthography
of the
*171.
trv),
V\
);
new empire
again indicate
by means of [I
^7\.
t (tl,
made with
transitives
^
irv.
live".
The ending
in
written,
or tw in the m.
e.,
and
the n.
e.
always
11
tl
or
c:^ t,
a.
b. THE FOEMATJON sdmf. THE FORMS OF THE FIRST GROUP. A. ITS FORMATION.
172.
It
which,
are
no longer to
be determined.
follows
Its
b.
II
lit.
'kdy he builds"
c^> FM '^^_,
III
lit.
^^^.=^,
^^^-^^-5
the
is
mids
(
0''^^=)
n, e.
(1
^^
sg.
).
In classic orthography
only written
in the
l^M^
this
in 170 A,
denoted by
"
179) an
cf.
C 234
it.
sq.)
forms nothing
cf.
known about
(Concerning TTPXACl
247).
That
this
173.
may be
seen
e. g.
gem. which
-^^^.^^
wnnf "he
K..=^
-^^
wnf
180).
<^
Int/'
(cf.
sometimes
Itv
l\
Inf
(cf.
178),
sometimes
Ifvif
both forms:
7^^
74
b.
an d
_A^2^-=^
Irvf;
178. 180).
B.
*174.
group,
is
the
me
in the
rank of a
222.
sdmf
is
retained in
more
makes no
This
is
short paragraph:
Tvnln
mr-pr
ddlnsn nf
is
justly punish-
ed &c".)
gr-prv irn mr-pr
upon
silent.
TT
YiP
3
Jr/
n wsof n nn n
/\AA<V\A
\\ r
srn>,
wshf n
1
sht'i
princes,
Una
2.
C.
m THE
75
ddf "he
175.
expressed, in
176.
descriptions, assertions
and the
like:
it
"^
belly
(i.
^
e. it
rrvds hr hts
grows upon
its
creeps)"^.
C.
It is further
177.
d by the particle
Ick
.
<=^
Ir
.
(cf.
389):
st
.
(1
<^:>^'i>^
.
1^^
you
^
. .
^^Z3?6
gmk
ddhrk
"If
find
it
then say
&c."^.
m^^k
rdl
178.
you see");
In
^
^give", the
form
-D.
AS A SUBJUNCTIVE.
179*.
It is
new causative
>
in Copt., cf.
C 230b. E.
3
g.:
Bauer
50.
Eb. 51,
16.
Eb. 37,
18.
76
'
"
Vff^
^
^
In this
case the
II
rdl "give"
Irvt
"come"
j'^^
The
cf.
vowel
was
here
an
6,
C 234 sq.
IN A FINAL CLAUSE.
is
This
probably identical
It
stands
without introduction
to
come
to me,
I
ra^ Jj^W _ 1^
therefore send
^ \\hMnk
sw hrs that
may
E.
him
to you^.
AS AN OPTATIVE.
qA
*182.
Jj
^^zi:^
wife"^.
Ih:
It is often
(]
^^^
Ih dds nl "let
-^^^-^^^^^^
3
i^
mBSk "see"^
1
Sin. 79,
12.
Peasant
38.
Prisse 10,
9,
Sin. 172.
Eb.
75,
p.
ITS
B. Since the n.
e.
(J
V\
^^\
tml (imperative
is
of
rdl
"cause that",
for
it
:
cf.
often substituted
(lit.
me''
cause that he
The word
the optative:
Sg- m.
f.
1;^, In,
^^
v\
f,
In,"!'
like) m?,
(and the
Plur.
p.
The forms of
184*.
marked
last
consonant according to
^^
lo
and
(J [J
Rj^^v
V,-
saj'est",
^^^^ "thou
but probably
?&
comest down",
^^
(I [I
or (according to 151 A) a
as
final
consonant doubled,
is 185.
According to Sethe.
78
the Illae
inf.
and IVae
inf.
With the
it,
last
two
it is
inf.
Ir
is
irregular
A,
\ or
verb
i.
rdl
e.
{di)
"give" has
(cf.
the form
didl(i)
160).
B.
USE AS AN INDICATIVE.
of
187.
The
emphasis
;
significance
the
form
is
apparently
it is
used very
<^=><;^>0'"
n
sndt'i
'^^^^
^ ^^
gL
prr grt
will
hrrv 3
pn
be delivered
to every s.-priest"
come out
for)^
divide"-.
-H
^^
drop
in"^.
Siut
I,
296.
Siut
I,
311.
Eb.
7,
22.
79
C.
IN CONDITIONAL CLAUSES.
Ir
(cf.
It is
the particle
389)
does not
js
immediately
precede
/^-^^ f\
.
.
^^
.,
gmfnk
fitf
DEPENDENT UPON
verbs
"see", Z'^^O)
(lit.
VERBS. _
}
rh "know", 189.
likewise
'^'^v
tvd
^^
^^
ff"^
"find";
mr "wish"
"love"),
^^ ^
<cz>
snd "fear", |
"^
"command" and
v\
I
the like:
n,
wdnnnfprri
that I go to this
commanded
mountain"^.
nirrf
"My
is
a god"^.
QO^'
E.
It is
Eb.
36, 15.
LD
II,
149
e.
LD IH,
24 d.
Weste.
9, 8.
80
Y.
APPENDIX. 191193,
<:z^%'^^
'"'^
r
wssf
he urinates"^
'^
I
\^ \^
\>
hr mB^f ml "because he
sees me"^.
1^=^^^^ ml hccfm
in the region of light"^''Be
hft
^^^^
hssf when he
wretched"*.
Y.
APPENDIX.
191.
mation sdmf
is
found elsewhere,
where
it
is
not
forms employed.
282 sq.,
192.
On
cf.
sdmnf
( 197),
rel
ie
396.
193.
All that
is
stated in 172
191, as far as
t (cf.
:
may
be seen,
In the
is
171).
first
group the II
:
lit.
make
the form
'kd^twf,
dltwf;
the Illae
inf.
\i^\
Eb.
6,
15.
Sin. 117.
LD
lU, 24d.
Prisse
c.
a. its
81
in the second
"^"^
dldltrv/'.
c.
THE n-FOKM
sdmnf.
a.
ITS FORMATION.
Q7\
mrnf
"he loves".
may
it:
/*-n\
^. '^^
'
Qf^ntws "she
found".
195.
Note
consonant (that
cf.
1.
.^
^^
2.
mBnf "he
the Illae
sees
inf.
^\
according to
3.
mrnf\
-<2>-
A^AAA^
151,
(cf.
160) nearly
,
always
j.
<iz>/\
most
for the
in
the n.
e. J"
Ermaa,
82
p. ITS
USE.
196198.
p.
ITS USE.
^gg
e. g.
is
served
to
narrate events
sdmf
liveliness
f^
^^
Mt^
/i Hr'irv-sC
it
of the Bedouins."^
Thence further
also, in asseveration,
explanation
and the
like, e. g.
"Lay
this
"
^
extracted hair,
ly) will
ra
.a
.^.rUv
>CZI>
>
^^
know
197.
/www
rnin
rnntn
"behold,
ye,
clauses
(cf.
396),
(cf.
220. 283)
.
in contrast
.
"His
S^
^"'"^
^ f^ /R
(i.-
shrnf
hft'iwf "he
had overthrown
the -form
different
17.
3
his enemies"*
e^
after he
*198.
Since the m.
part, in an entirely
1
manner;
I,
adds to
Una
22.
Eb. 63,
siut
310.
LD
H, 1221
p. ITS
USE. 199.
83
^
is
.,_jv^
c::^:>
V^
^'''
^ fndrvnf
''The
mouth
silent
^vwwv
jiL^_
upon
it
(longer)".^
And
likewise in narratives
/^^-O)
"Then
*
this
peasant
^^
gmnf
srv lir
As may be seen
question
is
accompanying circumstance, but the second occurrence (he found), overagainst the preceding important event (he went),
in a stylistic
is
manner
only.
a remarkable
fact,
that T
nfrn
drv
"The
is well".^
1 J
Prisse
4.
Inscription of Sehel.
Bauer
34.
Prisse
10.
Pepy
].
i69. 170.
F*
84 d THE
iw-FOEM sdmlnf.
d.
e.
204.
THE (n-FOEM
200.
That which
is
valid also
^^.
IJ
sdmlnf
it
is
there-
is
a person
rdlln
whom
respect
is
due,
e. g.
(I
a/wwv
/jn/ "the
e.
also
employ
it else-
comItv
mon
J\\^
"go" and
203.
in "bring".
It is further, often
[I
e. g.
1^^
AAAAAA
[I
^j.^,,^
v8j
I
srvrlln s
man
1
drink",^
or in
<3>- h
V
irlnk ns then
make
e.
for
it
THE ^r-FORM
sdmhrf.
204.
its
[1
1
^^
A/V
wn^irf
3
w3d mi wnn
56, 9.
tp
Sin. 243.
Eb.
3.
206.
86
is
^i
(i.
e,
who
upon
earth".^
also,
^
It
com-
putation) and
^
^^
<rz>
name
is".^
m-form
to her"/
Kzi:^<zi>Uddhrk rs "say
'^ o %^
3.
THE UNINFLECTED*
PASSIVE.
is
it
exactly 206*.
should
It is
be
classified
S)
^^
in tw;
1 1 1
ms
yt
hrdw 3 "Three
child-
The word
translate the
from
but "endungslos" has absolutely no equivalent in Eng., and as this passive can with certainty be found only with nominal subject, it may be stated with the greatest
probability, (as far as inflection involves pronominal endings) that
it
was
1
uninflected.
It
certainly
is so,
of grammar,
transl.
4.
2
Eb.
2,
Math. Hdb.
5
41.
6
Eb.
9,
20.
Eb.
16, 3.
Westc.
11, 5.
86
4.
a. ITS
in one
form only.
The
e. g,
impersonal verbs of
168 also,
are probably
The
uninflected passive
207.
especi-
ally
where the
latter
would be
cumstantial clause
ChCn
(cf.
(cf.
230).
On
t
cannot be
4.
ITS
FOEMATION.
*208.
It is
ac-
is
as follows:
Sing.
1 c.
2 m.
Ol
f.
mntl
mntl
AAAAAA
13
AAAAAA
3 m.
AAy>^A^
mn
^u^
\\\
f.
mntl
4.
a. ITS
FORMT'N. 209
211.
87
AAAAAA
Plur.
c.
AA/V\AA
I
mnwin
1
I
2c.
3
c.
'^ '^
mnt'iwm
w
mn.
pi. (cf.
C 181) the 3 m.
3
f.
has supplanted
all
few
sg.
sg. is
form with
)
-^^
,
r\\T\,
>t
C)ther
writings are
-^ziiPt
v\ and rarely
-Ic.
^-i:
B, In the n.
e. it
was pronounced
ti,
the writing
o:,
is 210.
e.
are sr=D
-t.
and c^
v\
tio;
The
rarely
m.
:
sg.^ originally
(I
more
211.
^
M
^^? jQ
^^)
^^^''
^^)
anointed",
"^Q
-^^^^ "(^^
inf.
caixed"
inf.
and IVae
becomes (1(1
88
4.
a. ITS
formt'n. 212
214.
n(l(l msil
"(he
is)
born".
In the m.
e.
the writings in
[1 (1
(1
probably already
^^^-
^^
1
I I
may
*'
v\ JL
;
I
\
the'^e
v\ and a
3 f
m.
^213.
e.:
0^
Ifv
"they come".
originally
lost.
in the pas-
runs
and
-te:
lit.
m. mene,
f.
mente ("remaining")
II gem.
m. kebe ("cool")
(III inf.
m. mosje ("born")
llll
(III
lit.
m. sodme,
f.
^sdomte ("heard")
(lY
m. hemhome,
f.
hemJiomte ("roaring").
b.
p.
217.
lit.
89
was
pronounced something
inf.,
the forms
is
|T|
l^and
215.
the more
Of
Vs>
,
form
%:v dldlrv;
o^
dlw and
otherwise
0()(l7]\5
b.
ITS USE.
a.
IN
which
still
it
make
this
form of
2J6.
as a narrative form,
draws a conclusion.
1
It,
seemingly,
s^till
oc1
sg.:
I
fu
^^ y^
shikrvl
"and
caused to descend".
it is
Only the
(cf.
ed a living pseudoparticiple;
p.
IN
The pseudoparticiple
sives, as well as that of
and pasrh
217.
90
p.
IN
218. 219.
"know"
(cf.
l90''^^~-^
^
*218.
hskrvl hrs
still
"and
was therefore
praised".^
A. The pyr.
have,
e. g. sJitpf vtrwi'',
(8
m.
du.)
and the
like.
in order to
annex where
to a substantive or
limitation,
we would,
"This
ChCktvi
tribe)".^
participle. E. g.
re
A
midst of
fl
to
my
lyAAA^AA
hugmmk drwfsm,
his
sole hot
and
body cool"
"if
sole,
it is hot)".''
STV slsy
"Look
at
him stretched
Cf.
out".^
participles.
C 181.
182.
219.
On
predicate
1
LD
II,
122 a.
3.
6
Pepy
I,
348.
Sin.
199.
Eb. 37,
Eb. 36,
7.
\
5.
5.
91
IS".
itv
a.
sdmnf.
(1
With
is",
tiie
irv
"it 220*.
there are
made two
irv sdm7if"-\s.Q
cf.
197).
With nominal
irv
heard".
^dmnf
clauses introduced by
246, 332).
is
It is therefore used,
-ed
where a fact
to be express- 221.
in
"This plant
is
used so and so
^
fl^
J)
N^
irv
grt srrvdtrv sn n
tSyfprt
woman
is
made
said,
to
grow by
means of
its fruit'',
to the king
I
and
(I
^A
hither".'^
irv
inni
Ddi
Eb. 47, 19
(cf.
115).
Westc.
8,
8.
92
222.
a^. AUXILIARY
fEKB
tVU.
ha..
Sclmf.
222
225.
It,
is
tive or of
one of
its
paragraphs:
(1
^ fU^^
me
vm.
^w Ai& w^ w&^
"My
lord sent
out &c."
p.
223.
far
^\
tvn
",
W\S-
^^ ^ ^>^
^ ^v
'^^^
'^w^w sd'w/'
&.
THE FORM
iwf sdmf.
224.
This form
[1
^
it
^ ^^
is
^^^ srfw/
(lit.
"he
is,
accustomed to hear".
(1
With
^n.
nominal subject
irv
runs as follows:
is
J|^
ntr
accustomed to hear".
"When
Iwf
225.
is
first
of
them
only.
re-
It is
LD
II,
p.
sdntif
228.
q\^
93
is
stated: U
y>
DO V^ l^S
Irv
its fruit is
book (j%>^^^_-^
^^^
'--'
/
prf .... he knows
f^
K^m
it is
"^
^^
Irvf
ckf
irvf
all
employed
(like 226.
249)
in descriptions
and des-
V^- ^
fl
^^'^^ /vwvAA
(I
?^ ^^
iTvl dll
mrv
correspond-
227.
~^ A/vwwv'v\
mnf Cfi
nhbtf
there
is
a swelling and
wrdnf sdmf.
rvnf
The form
^ V\
6.
5^^=.-
sdmf
*
is
very 228.
Eb.
51, 18.
Totb. 15 B,
Sin. 96.
94
bf.
sdnif.
en.,
-^"
AAA/VV\
(1
I
is
explained by 346.
hrf sdmf.
THE FORM
is
229.
and
like
it,
is
used in directions
fi
'^cn^
=^ hrk
^
1^
l[]
^^^
f* s? 5^55
woman
hrtw
it",^
o %> A
c^
\\
*230.
CJiCn
^^
however,
it
is
weakened
to the usual
is
v
A
also writ-
AAAAAA
dv
\
'A
,
7^
and ^ i^-^^^^.
Aa
Sin. 174.
Eb.
48, 3.
Eb. 47,
21.
Eb.
44,
3.
CO..
95
still
compound
seems
Q^w
231*.
<^=^^
A
^^^^
^^^ "=^
^'^^'^
^^^
"The prince
said".
No example
f^nn
Hi^
V^^
is
(cf.
''P^
^^
sspt ''The
house was
(-hCn
fitted out'V
Y
verb
is in
whose
in-
233*.
employed with
pronoun,
it is
attached to
CJiCn
f
up"."*
^ fm^'
Cj/^^^^^^^^H^^^''
intktvi,
M^n
ceased".^
LD
LD
11.
122
b.
Westc.
96
p.
WITH
in,
prn and
iiv.
d-
pio.
235237.
form
^^^,
in the pseudoparticiple:
"flra'^']|(l^
falls
"then she
immediately".^
/J.
WITH
(1
in,
prn
AND
'~~'
iw.
235.
The forms
derived from
^
-^
In
and
which
are
in construction
and original
V ^^ $ ^
"^"
^^
^^^^
employed
like
I
Qf,
cf.
y\
-t=::p5
am
full".^
237.
means
"it is
he
who hears"
(cf.
87
on prv)'^
tained:
"When you
him
jj
^
1
siibf
pw
then he
well".^
cf.
thi
184 sq.
35, 36.
^
Eb. 51,
18.
Math. Hdb.
Eb. 37,
1^
6.
WITH
Ir.
238.
7.
6.
COMPOUNDS WITH
Ir
it
"MAKE".
infi- 238.
The combination of
nitive
is
dependent upon
used:
1.
<2>-^'^=i ^v
=?s=
irt
Ov^
Irni
Irhrk rv^-
IV
lit.
and cans.
Ill
lit,*,
C 249).
sdm
is
239*.
as a form of narrative,
vs\ AAAA/v^
much more
frequent.
E.
g.
prt
pw
pr
is
327 sq.)
240*.
Sin. 19.
Una
30.
Math. Hdb.
41.
According to Sethe.
Gr
Erman,
Egypt, granim.
98
7.
241. 242.
in the pseudo-
and passives;
and
Jjr,
in
forms twfsdm
241.
Cf.
C253sq.
More
participle:
1.
exactly,
etc.).
/
3.
"go", hr "fall"),
3.
the
mr "be
where
4.
it
means "become".
rh "know"
(cf. 216),
object.
f
242.
The
with hr:
1.
following,
however, are
in
the
infinitive
m^
"see" &c.),
2.
verbs
of
condition,
7.
3.
rmy "weep"
seem
ciple
was
Its
made with
all
verbs
243.
sentence
328
n
sq.).
<::::>
tn
rl
"No
my
mouth'",
( 183)
where the
S^-nht iw
m c^m
as an Asiatic"^.
V
V^tI
a"^^^^^
Y>^^'^^^^^'^^^"B6hold,
come
"3 "*.
It is further
244.
^\
on
.
iBw h^rv
.,
weakness(?) recommences"^
AAAAAA
G(
iLDII, 136h.
\i.-\\t^m-^.
2
Sin. 265.
Westc.
8, 12.
Prisse
4,
2 3.
G*
100
b.
iw. 246.
^^
98)
Itl,
iJl
hdn
nl,
t^,
Tnrv (fern,
according to
hCfi rib
mBh
now
for
burned
Such a description
conjunction
the
(1
is
ls=s
Isf ( 323).
Here
also,
belongs
use
of
^^ ^
it
j\
fn-
"after" in temporal
clauses:
V\
A -^^
_23^'v\'Tr^
hi
relative clause:
^'^
J
. .
ft
fl
J ^Afl'^?
ijs^x^v
"two obelisks
.
^^
hnbntsn Sbhw
hrt
^'^--^^(f^\ ^f M^
upon
it,
h.
Wfrv "He
sailed
down
o.
246.
fi^
Westc.
Iw
3,
(cf.
220222)
Sin.
129131.
10.
LD
IH, 24
Inscription of Sehel.
fe.
101
SO the nominal
by
in
irv.
The modifiexpressed by
is
same.
If the subject is a
pronoun,
it is
a suffix: (1^^^
to
,^y\ V
but
therefore
to
corresponds
^^^^,
especially,
(j^^^^^
e.
^^-A^sdm
the use of twf
in the case of a
sdm
later
becomes
still
more extended.
They are
{iwf
preserved in Copt, as
FqCOTM
PqCCDTM
hr sdm).
It is
Cf.
expressed in a single
247.
independent remark
221):
"Say concerning
1(1
Irv
i-=c
^ '^'^-^
"^
^
248.
is
divided" ^
It
further
narrative or of one of
paragraphs
(cf.
222):
^\
Iw twtl shr
nb,
Indwtf
its
rv^sm
"My
statue
silver-
apron with
in
question,
expresses
Eb. 36
17.
Sin. 307.
102
p.
form
is
Irv (cf.
245)
"^ .^===^
N^ \\
ms^
pw
Irns hrf^
Irv
msC pn n
stn
hr mii
it,
while
this
army
of the
king
When
number
noun
Irv (cf.
245),
all
but the
first
are introduced by
1
227):
.<2>-
J^
.
.^-
<CZr>
l)
OaaaaaaIII
v,.:^^^
Ir
mBBk
hri-stt
mn
r-lbf "If
is
you
there-
fore
stiff
and who
is
p.
wn.
250.
241242, -^^=^1.^^
AA/\AAA
'^^
^
nn
mnf sdm
(the verb is
^\
rvnf hr sdm:
l^vz^ rvnfhrdrvBntrw
nb "He worshipped
all
gods "3
LD
II,
149
c.
Eb. 26,
4.
Hr-hwf
II a, 14.
p.
103
-^
AAAAAA *^^=a
^
1
187).
A
verb
251.
is
found in
-^^
AAAAAA
-^^ J\
myself down(?)"^.
to 241
A AAAAAA
/^N,
242 252*
CT
^^y
^^^
A AAAAAA
ra
^ ^
are
^^7
-^^^(1
^^
narrated,
more
frequent.
They
are therefore
employed
for the
most part,
^^
AAAAAA
j]
1
AAAAAA
O
I
AAAAAA
U
|
-^ A A \-J. and the heart of his majesty was (on that account)
I
WTlln It
tl
llUf Jib
cheered
(lit.
cool)"^.
called, gave
them
to
n
them
M
I
&c.".
I
New paragraph:
|
AAAAAA
I I
i
I 1 1 I
O
2
_^
i:
I
AAAAAA
\^?s^^
M AAAAAA
I
ml
AWWVI
LD
II,
149
c.
Sin. 252.
Westc.
6,
1.
104
8.
c::^
St
o rvninsn
it
hr rdlt
st Jir htvtsn,
wninsn
their
hr sdt
becomes so frequent,
of narrative.
that
it is
common form
8.
COMPOUNDS WITH
On
be something"
is for
(e.
AND THE
INFINITIVE.
Itv/"
253.
"he
will
fl%^Pf ^^|^^ V
i. e.
smr "he
a friend",
-,
Tvi
^,,
,,^
-^,
mk
I will
#254.
(1^ (1^
and the
^^^
"^i
^^k.
''^f ^
preserved as
EqBCCDTM
Bauer
11.
269).
Prisse
2,
5.
sin. 280.
9.
105
9.
IMPERATIVE.
in
^ mh
"fill"
^
(something like
or
ended in
{'mhorv).
In classic orthography,
determinative
i;
ni^\ QA
lit.
shBw "remember" or
entirely unindicated.
A. In the pyr. the II
sing, according to 170
A: pM.
e.
ihr
The
pyramids ends
in [J(J,
i.
l.
B. Since the n.
e.
the infinitive
still
C 305.
256.
impv. of
"make, do",
imi incorrectly in the
n. e.
(1
(J
^\
^^
older
^^\
and the
like,
is
used as imperative of
cf.
Ma,
and
minatives of giving).
^v
ml^
later .i^^
(1^
and
Mar.
Ab
3i;
106
9.
IMPERATIVE. 257.
m. AMOy,
f.
AMH,
cf.
305).
The
graphy.
A. The pyr.
(with the sign ^
-write
d);
mi
(J .a
-0
inu
rdi,
which
is
written
dt.
(I
B.
On
the employment of
cf.
V\
From
w\
"give" in clauses
expressing a wish,
182 B.
m.
e.,
imt loses
its
original
LE. contracted
^S\
^-^^^r^
),
257.
The imperative
solute
is
pronoun
(cf.
80):
trv
..^Q-J\c^^s
f[
"hasten (thou)",
\\
-'^
/wvwv rud^rv tn
"go
(ye)''^
The words
emphasis
(cf.
r-
and
Ir-^
employed with
suffixes for
^^^^'^r^"gehe",
-^^^^sij
n<zi>^/vwsA
ji;ri
i^rtn
"open
ye",
^^v
1
(I
'^'^'^^
sdmw
Irf
in
"hear ye"^.
27.
3
Sin. 282.
I,
LD
HI, 24
d.
107
10.
PARTICIPLES.
The
follows
participles,
Sg. m.
^%\
sdm
Pl.m.
^^[j[j^l
and
I.
^^v
for the
^^^^
f-
^^v
pi.
'
sdmywt(l)
^,
most
has
96),
part,
The
sing.
m.
furthermore,
the
masculine substantive
it
(cf.
especially where
g.
stands
alone as a substantive,
:getter"\
j>
e.
Tvttw "be-
V'
^^/'^
"chosen one"
The
259.
Note
1.
in detail:
II ae
The
gem.
have
sometimes
AAAAA^
separated,
"being" *^
or -^^
rvn.
Mar. Ab.
II,
25.
LD
11,
122
a.
According to
fiethe.
108
2.
The Illae
inf. in
<cz>^ mrrw
(T|
1
"loving",
A
p.
prr
"having born"
(fern.),
J\
pr "having gone
out.
i (cf.
f^^nK
%J\\^
do",
^^y^ "found"
(fern.)
but
In the case of
and
A^^
<2>-
"make,
try,
written for
irr^
<2>-(](|
for
according to 151.
3.
active
lorm
260.
aiat,
"giving".
The
adjective:
v^t^^^.^g>-(j(]^^^^
wrong done against him"'.
who were
before me"^,
or like a substantive:
Eb.
1,
13.
RiH
19 sq.
109
ftiP'^^'^^^'W^
has born a boy"^
(fern.),
who
^^v
T
(l(]'v\ if
^^''^^
^^fc-^
^^
"^^^^
Ss
mr n
iryt rf "pain
A remedy v\
^
'^^'ww
III
.Ms^<z:>
o
is
j
I
irrwt n ht oi
that which
is
made
A
(i.
substantive or a suffix
participle,
often
its
added to a
subject
261.
passive
e.
to
indicate
logical
whom
iBrvi
the
action in question
proceeds):
(1
(1
mry
[1 ]\
^^ K^.^
by him".
retained,
especially
\\
K.-^ sSf
mryf
"his
son beloved
also be
cf.
when
it is
(1
.<2>(J
(]
T ^^^
ifii
ffij-f
rf
gjif
"He
to
whom
injury
is
(lit.
f actus
malum
contra
eum a
Eb.
26, 16.
Prisse
5,
14.
'
Bauer
25.
Eb.
19, 11.
110
b.
THE INFINITIVE.
. ITS
/www
tr
^yiy
jj
"beloved
of" are
of",
ms n "born
of",
AAAAAA
n "begotten
pro-
also.
b.
THE INFINITIVE,
a.
ITS
FORMATION.
has the
*262.
The
vowel
ending
II
infinitive
verbal classes.
after the
consonant,
and no special
lit.,
^^. ^^.
V
lit.,
wn "open" OYODN
(with suffixes
OYON=)
III
lit.,
suffixes
COTM=);
IV and
"IT^
li^^t (cf.
CoAcA, with
suffixes cAccdA*).
263.
An
III
lit.
is
dsr
II
TOGO)
also of the
^^\
^.^ kmom
"become black".
II ae
Whether the
gem.
like
^
is
f'^O)
wH
"urinate",
are also
to be vocalised thus,
uncertain.
h.
THE INFINITIVE,
a. ITS
FORMATION. 264
268.
Ill
The Illae
i>,
most part an a
infinitive:
consonant in the
['
"^^
U
\\
%^
hM
"seek",
265.
^ '^
I
"^''^^
"land"
(i.
e.
die,
MOONE),
in careful
orthography, end in
i.
The
III ae
inf.
have
i
infinitives
^:
or
H 1^
nppF,
mst "bear"
trt
MICF
"make,
do", FlpF, rn
V\
lit.
A
like
few III
infinitives, 267.
^dh
^^^^
^-
C^HCl,
as well as the
o
irregular verbs
"give".
fl
/\
iit{^)
"come" und
rdit
II lit.
268.
j^ ^^
shrt
"overthrow"
(from
hr
"fall").
e^
AAAAAA
Hi
smnt
"establish" from
are found
sh^yt
W
"cause
smsi to
^^'^(1(1^
112
descend",
p. ITS
271.
lit,
III
1
are classified
/\
with the IV
up", Copt.
in the infinitive,
sCJiC
"get
COOgF
p.
(from
*soC}i'C).
ITS
SUBSTANTIVE NATURE.
was originally a substantive with and governs no ob-
269.
The
no
infinitive
him"
is
(cf. 79),
and
Mh
173.)
Of
itself,
meaning "the
which he does", as
wsrfr nds
in fnl
^"^ r^^^^^
hearing
is
is
is
small"
(i.
e.
the infinitive
always
first to
be translated as the
of
the infinitive
is
is
made from
it is
best rendered
by a substantive:
1
Eb. 91,
2.
/. ITS
USE. 272.
113
Plural
Singular
msrvt "birth"'/
love"
"^^^"^mrw^
I
"love";^
stand"
-^
;^
QiCrv
"standing
place"
Q
"
V^^
4 ger ^
likrrv
"hun-
(e. g.
those of going
infinitive is also
used like
ITS USE.
272,
ject of a sentence:
Irt
nf
St
"My
cf.
it
is
subject,
in the temple",*^
L Intr^
1
^
fj
i U=/]
2
St
Westc,
II,
10, 8.
5
LD
LD
122 b.
LD
IH, 24 d.
Siut
291.
"
Erman,
Egpypt gramm.
114
Y.
ITS USE.
273275.
(cf.
118):
^ Wj
w/r
mdw
"excellent in speak-
mg
273.
"
"command",
mr
"desire",
^i^
q7\
snd
"fear", as well as
^^^^=^^^8A
(cf.
^-^
"think" and
rh "know, be able"
C 314):
rf&i St "It
to
pay
it".^
is
Beside
also in use
The
position
;
infinitive
with the
The
infinitive with
^^^
"in",
p^mUt when
theyj
e.
g.l
V ^v
sin
1
.
^1
^^
2
^^
^ ^^^ ^^^"^
"free
from do-
mg
Peasant
75.
Peasant 48.
Prisse
2, 4.
Mar. Ab.
11,
24^
Y-
115
With
pose (as
<;:::>
r "to", it
still
in Copt, with e
C 315):
(cf. 7)
"He
sailed
up
to
overthrow
/wwv.
^^^
ra r spr n mr-
common
expression <=i>
m.
e.,
so that
camp
nhm
r dd: irtrv nn mi
^=^ TV.
1 1 A ^ X J^ y U ^
Q
J^f'
m.^,
while I cried,
'How
is this
done?'".^
')*,
With
hr
it
277*.
JUjOiv^in
ing him",^
hu
^'^^^l^tS^^'^^'^^^ ^ri?r^"He
found him going out"
(''as
On
*
1
LD
II,
122a,
Bauer
33.
sin. 202.
LD
H*
II,
122a.
Bauer
34.
116
Y-
ITS USE.
'278280.
of.
The prepositions
scripts)
/wvwv
n (the
of good
manudenote
and ^v
cause:
"I lived, honored by the king
\
.=^Vi
^^
/wwvA
now
adopts:
(I
/wvAAA
Q7\
(g
iwf hr
mm
tS
sTvrl
hkt ds 100
"He
and drinks
is
especially prefer-
red with imperative and optative expressions: /"S "CH^ ^ O "^^''^^^^ dl> AftAAAA Irhrk -<2>^d^^ ' X
-y
rf
TinC rdlt
it
and
give
him
the remedy".^
280.
An
absolute infinitive
is
subjoined to a sentence
an explanation:
2
Prisse 19,
8.
Westc.
7,
3.
Eb. 40,
8.
C.
SUBSTANTIVIZED FORMS,
a.
117
ODD
^^^
itfs
'
AAAAAA Vj.
*^^=i^
(Li
dJl
^^^ made
^rws
mnrvs n
as her
(it)
monument
Amon,
'y
(var.
,.
(|
d
(it)
^C^
\\\\\^''^^=^pshrmTV^
ijb
The
logical subject
may be added
to
;
an
infinitive 281.
in this case
In^
a nominal subject
is
expressed by means of
ra
<CZI^
so
AAA/W\
^^\
i
A^
IN
AAAA/\A
r~\ h.t\N\/^ r\
^<=>J\
. .
o.
X
.
i
.
.
^"^h^\
.
rdlt
nf
hnC rdit In
.
him
.
and that
."."^
.
c.
into masculine
3
and
LD
in, 24 d.
Eb. 42,
7.
glut
I,
307.
118
|3.
to their stem.
The "substantivized"
itself (the
like).
p.
"283.
are
197).
(cf.
\
172)
used
form sdmtf
with the
II ae
inf.
Irtf,
gem.
therefore -^^^
prtf, with Ir
o ^^i.^^
,,
Jiv^^=_
"make, do"
rdltf.
^^-^^
Only
in the case
seem
tr
to be
employed here,
-^^
(lit.
^^zz:^
when you
will be"^
"the
I'risse JO,
10.
p.
286,
119
284.
after prepositions,
^v. Sw'}
"on
mI
V'^
^*
^^^^
^^ "when
she bore
New-years-day
<zi> A c^ [331
'^'^^^
this piece
rum
<iz>
o
to
l/wwvA
had given
tiiem".^
adds to
it
an explanatory limitation:
"Agreement, that they give him a loaf
AAAAAA
I
<=> A
AAAAAA
havlug givcu
it".^
however,
it
it
contains 286.
a temporal qualification:
^
8.
J^5^
^^^'^
siut
289.
c:^::^ 1
IJJEL
1/vwvvA
^W
'
I^Jl
2
Eb. 95,
I,
Siut
I,
276.
Siut
I,
274.
120
f.
289.
(i.
"When
came
287.
to
my
feet,
e. fled), I
It
in
^-^ czsiD n ^^ X X
lO
^ n MM o
rst^.
This
is
probably to he understood
made the
southern boundary",
i.
e.
"his maj.
made
the southern
boundary."
288.
As may be most
form
is
for the
In
used where
its
otherwise chosen.
they came"
Thus,
\\\\
r.
when
^^^
lit,
A
289.
m
I
i !
ItSH.
Y-
who
hears, that
which he hears
etc.)
are
theoretically as follows:
1
Sin.
15.
LD
II,
136h.
Y-
121
m. sdmrvf
f.
m. sdmrvnf
f.
sdmtf
is
sdmtnf
The
(in contrast
inf.
it
is
therefore
Irrif with
^^
mtrtf with
"make, do"
dlditf.
rdi "give'
In
lit.
and
III
lit.
first
kind.
On
cf.
394.
or after a preposition.
The forms
^\
sdmtf and
^^^
'^""'^
291*.
^
is
thee
good".*
mr
Sin. 77.
LD
II,
149 c.
122
d.
VERBAL ADJECTIVE.
292. 293.
^
ing).
^'^'^'^(j^^
A ddtnfim
it"^
"according to that
still liv-
(while he was
I
dldisn
I
is
noteworthy.
is
used
ifr^^
hssm nbf^^he
^'v^^-
J\
tvnnw
"
4
sndf ht
VERBAL ADJECTIVE.
f.
*293.
sdmttsn
almost always mean "he (she), who will hear" and are
J^
s^l
^^
tSi
3
rib srrvdt'if'i
S _^^ Xcm /wwv^ <CZ> Ul iCi "^ W pn "every son of mine who shall
increase".^
make
this
boundary
(i.
e.
useful) for
him who
will
hear
1
it".
LD
II,
LD
II, 34 d. 136h.
2 c
gin.
137,
5, 8.
lD
n, 113f.
<
Sin.
44
prisse
11.
297.
123
or
f.
l\v
or
Willi
or
^n
till
\
f.
,
it is
^^
rvnnt'isi,
the Illae
inf. in
part take
stem, rn
do" has
^^ ^
^
;
p^'i.=:^h^rvt'ift
<=> A
rdldfi.
11.
The
is
to be recognis- 296. If it is
337 sq.
is
cf.
mina absoluia,
On account
finitive
of
sin. 75.
124
therefore,
PARTICLES.
1.
ADVERBS. 298
300.
e.
"in
l'^
82) can
St
298.
word
iht
"thing" as a
general object,
especially
Note
^
i.
e.
i.
e.
to
make
offering.
is
299.
The
expressed by means
of the preposition
(cf.
306),
which by good
manuscripts,
is
written
:_,
before substantives.
PAETICLES.
1.
ADVERBS.
does not
exist.;
(cf.
300.
special
adverbial formation
verbs, thus:
1
Siut
I,
223.
glut
I,
271.
2.
PREPOSITIONS,
a. IN
125
1.
r,
in
the masculine or
feminine
AAAAAA
mnh
"excellently",'
^
2.
r CBt "very".^
or
more
rarely, in
vomits often".^
2.
PREPOSITIONS.
a.
m GENERAL.
in part simple {m "in", hnC 301. sB "in the hack",
i.
compound {m
e.
"hehind").
"upon him"
"his face").
They are
that
is
in part
employed
to say, verbs
Cf. 190
and
Eb.
66, 18.
'2 Eb.
37, 20.
Eb.
37, 17.
<
Peasant
25.
126
303.
b.
306.
i.
as adverbs also,
e.
suffix,
which, according
e.
g.
ll
referring to
("into" for
304.
brv
"place"
imf "into
it").
(i. e.
word dependent
it)
is
frequently subjoined to a
relative clause
substantive, where
we would employ a
or an adjective.
"entire"
(cf.
C 152):
<z:>
^
i.
a;^^_
t^
pn
up
to its
boundary"/
y
V
e.
1/vwvAA
e.
is
sometimes treated
i
^ QA
e.
SIMPLE PREPOSITIONS,
306.
like
AAAAAA
is
C 349); manuscripts dating from the end of the m. e. and the beginning
*'^n,
of the n.
1
e.
distinguish each as
7.
2
:
3
('^n)
and
Priase
2,
Una U.
gin. 310.
b.
127
(na-).
The
to do
to
original
meaning
it
is
then means:
something
(dative),
2. to
3.
some one,
to say something to
some one
come
to
persons),
because of a thing,
a period of time.
infinitive (cf. 278)
4. in
of".
^^^ m
**?,
is
like 307*.
^^
Im-
(cf.
350).
is
into
something, out of
something, con-
sisting o/ something,
made
manner
of,
like\
according
5. in
6.
command;
a condition;
make
(into)
some-
128
things",
b.
(j^^^.^^^'^n^^^
^
is
a citizen"
7.
(cf.
350, 4)
course, where
8.
remains untranslated;
by means of a tool.
On m
junction
it
cf.
275.
As a conAs an
( 391).
adverb
it
^v
means
of)"
it
is
^ ^s^s.
for "I").
*308 ally
^^
^'^
<=>
(*<^r,
with
suff.
^^ *erof,
Its
cf.
C 348)
origin-
2. thither to
ing)
into
as far as
3.
to speak to
some one
4. 5.
hostile toward
some one
(in contrast
with );
'''every
four
where we
Westc.
gin. 175.
6.
129
<=:> .-^-^
As a conjunction
on
its
it
means
"until"
cf.
and
"so that";
Cf. also
276.
also written
(I
<zz>
with or without
hr
(lit.
"face"),
with suffixes
is
written
^
es-
309*.
and means
existent upon
and the
like,
at the time of
and
the like;
2.
3.
in addition to
something
from some-
thing,
4. distributively,
5.
6.
7.
On
120;
cf.
on hr with the
it
277.
As a con-
junction
1
means
12, 8,
"because".
Westc.
Erman,
Egypt, gramm.
130
310.
b.
313.
is
hr,
lit.
also
under the
Cf.
C 352.
obsolete
and
still
On
its
169.
312.
^^^
means
1.
mC (perhaps
arising from
mc
in the arm")
2.
some
3.
and the
is
like; rescue
something
4.
because of a thing.
On mC
cf.
cf.
278.
o
313.
hft (on
orthography
is for
7) originally
meant
"m
according
corresponding
and
ously with.
As
an adverb
means
conjunction^ "when".
C.
COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS.
314. 315.
131
"between, 314.
ir ^v^'^
in the
(1
^^^^^ (^^ *^
Py^'- i'^'f^ii)}
midst
of".
AAAAAA
mi
y <:i=>
mr)
"like".
As
(cf. 391).
^'^
O
9
AAAAAA
JiB
(lit.
occiput), "behind".
Cm\
hnt
(lit.
head or the
like)
"upon"
it is
obsolete.
dr "when, since"
c.
COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS.
compounded with a subof a part of the body).
315.
Many
prepositions are
name
Note especially:
^iv.^
P*^^ VI ^
))
ward
for".
rCU
"opposite".
132
C.
J
skin",
cf.
1=
C
359), "before
some one"
an ad-
verb).
^^(=Qidr
m m "among
n mrrvt^ in the m.
persons".
e^ /ww\a
iju^
^-^ mhCt
^^^
of".
(cf.
C 356),
^-^
fir
JiQ,
"at
mhr
"in front
of,
X m
y^
C
357),
V
J\
^ ^^^
(cf.
ht "behind, after"; as
(cf.
an adverb,
244,385).
^^ m
"after".
<=> ^
sS,^^
hr
As an adverb "afterward",
r si, hr sB are
^
I
si.
C.
COMPOUND PEEPOSmOSS.
316. 317.
133
^
midst
^ J^
wrf^'
of".
<zi>
side".
"^
Jir
gs: "be-
^^^
in the
e.
very rare,
LE. frequent
(C 359. 338).
<=>
far as".
^
Tir
vK. r
^^
With
dMB
cf.
361.
others, there
thus in:
^^
Tvprv
junction),
wprv r "except".
^ ^^X^<cz>
\\\\\
^ <^^> nfryt r
^^
^^
"before
some
one, something"; as an
(j
tp
Im "formerly".
317.
'=^^:;5;
y
C
Wb.
"between"
1
(cf.
354).
Suppl.
s.
Brugsch,
v.
134
3.
coNjuNCTioxs. a. in gen.
h.
LM
with"), "from" (cf.
s^c
("in
order to begin
C
r
355).
mn
3.
CONJUNCTIONS.
a.
IN GENERAL.
in part enclitically joined
318.
word of the
beginning also.
On
used as conjunctions,
cf.
Apart from
there are
in
the following,
and
D
347,
I
^121,
(^
319.
^s
363.
b.
ENCLITIC CONJUNCTIONS.
4;
'
'^^^
. .
nf
.".^
..
stn is
"I
made
1
it
for
him
LD
II,
124, 35.
LD
lU,
24(1.
h.
ENCLITIC CONJUNCTIONS.
320. 321.
135
On
.:^a_^(1
is
as a restricting adjunct.
A. In the pyr. this
later language cf. 323 B.
is
is
is
of the
^
C^
srvt
and
^^
rmtt
&c.)".^
1}^ (like
men who
\\\
O:^
who
&c.
(1
<ci:>
V^
Jl
>^
it,
Ir srvt
97) nht
but
all
men
(who preserve
who
But
this contrast is
e. g.
i)^=>,^^ HJ
if
it
"^ ^^^^
^H
use
it &c.''^
As a
of "but":
however,
joins an explanation or
a continuation,
like "further"
or our weaker
"This plant
is
employed so and
ifv
so,
(1
Vi.
^ ^
its
is
f.
^^ IU%
fruit is laid
Z\
upon bread
laid
1
upon
Siut
I,
b.").
225.
2
Eb. 66,
8.
Eb. 51,
18.
136
322.
C.
Rarer conjunctions of
1.
this
twC^,
kind are
The archaic ^\
mnQ()
*s
323.
(1P^=
is()
specifies
the
wi
si&
.,
rdl
rvi
hnf
smr
"I
was judge
.,
then
his
his majesty
maj.
friend"-
(i. e.
when
was j.,
ist^ is
is
with following r/
(cf.
348, 349):
pn
"this
king Nb-kr.^
1
Una
5. 45.
2 jb. 8.
Bauer
71.
C.
137
ist
LE
it is
written
Is also,
Copt.
'^^n^ Isk
(older
^=^:=:^
Isk)
mostly
designates 324.
(like the
more frequent
1st)
"He erected
this
tomb
l^z::^
1^ ^v
% sk
stv
^,
[]^^^
also intro-
hrw
this,
sjv^
hr nn
^^No?v,
had passed by
varied meanings.
then &c."2
B. In
LA
hr
7\
is
many
^i
which
is
stated:
^^ Sh
^
2
^'^''^
k^rduhprmTv"S\LTe-
Westc.
12, 9.
ib.
9,
17.
138
la.
327. 328.
Occasionally
it
THE SENTENCE.
1.
a.
*327.
By
then a
subject
is
The sub-
used in assertions:
^^^^^^^
inwk nb
ImSt
"I
am
^=^T
AAAAAA
<.
'>
is
beautiful";*
and
is
employed
Westc.
3.
3.
Louvre C
172.
Prisse
5, 14.
* Sin.
263.
a.
139
n ihrvt
hr
St
are
used in descriptions:
'
329.
<:^>
fruits are
^^^ ^ ""^
'
'
</A:r
nb hr htwf A11
upon
its trees'',^
are swellings".^
thereby
emphasized.
1.
Thus
1^ ^\
whose
D v\
is
"^
QA
name
2.
Snwtf ^
when the
subject
is
a demonstrative or an ab-
solute pronoun:
qA ^^
{^
dpt mrvt nn
"This
is
^^^
MO
I,
^^'^\\o^
n rmtj
:
Is
nt
St
st
rmtt ni
ift).
Sin. 83.
Eb. 51,
19.
Eb. 51,
15.
Sin. 23.
LD
II,
136 h.
140
*331.
h.
llV
AND
is
is
an adjective:
c^
I
}^ ^"^ Vwi
nfr mint
"My way
is
good".*
j
rv'i^
it
a special emphasis:
is
I
face!"
nfrrv'i
thy
is
written
v\
or
h.
wn.
332.
(1
Vi^
iw
be"
(cf.
220 sq.
a preposi-j
is
water".^
e.,
the pronouns
by the forms
of this verb
(1
v\ ^^
for
Inwk &c.
1
Bauer
3.
Butler 16.
C.
'pW.
333
335.
141
More
rarely
it is
^^
n
250 sq.) as
in
^^
\^^^
for
'^v'
was good
where
330, 2),
wnm
precedes.
c.
ptv.
Sentences like
^^^'^d\\ BC pw
"-^^ '^
It is ReC",' 334.
^o^
D
^
to
^^'*^ ^"^
^^^*"''
^ ^ ^^ ^
which follows
but this
pw is now
a long
weakened
an unchangeable word
If the predicate is
it:
may be
PJi^t
inserted within
D v\
^^ ^^
truth"
^
P^
^f rvn-m^c It is a
remedy of
(cf.
103).
B. This
tS'i,
yw
is
nS'i in
TF,
NE
probably
This construction
is
Prisse
2, 6.
Mar. Ab.
II,
25.
3 ib.
LD
II,
136h.
142
2 a.
339.
Ipt tht
is
"Karnak
the horizon"
made, and
Ipt
prv "it":
^ n'^(l jl'^
Karnak'V
i.
pw
ipt
"It
is
is
the
horizon, viz.
e.
"The horizon
Karnak".
2.
336.
it is
alone indicates
how a
sen-]]
tence
337.
to be analysed.
is
The sentence
direct object;
specifi-^
subject,
3.
direct object|
indirect object
(cf.
299).
E.
g.
-^
(^
FS^
M^^.:^^
rdln stn nb
AA/W\A O O O
339.
But
E.
if
parts 2
LD
III,
24d.
C.
342.
143
\Si
S!l
1
T
AAAAAA O O O
rdm
AAAAAA
me
gold".
Q
AftAAAA
1
1
^
/T
/www
AAAAAA
(^^ _/
J.
^Cda
r<?';i
s/y sifw
w hkf
it
to his servant".
v^ Sr
rdlnf nl
O O O
rib
If
absolute pronoun:
a AAAAAA
v^ 1 <^
T
V4 T
11
'"'^^^
AAAAAA
it
to me".
CZIZI^^ AAAA/V\ AAAAAA
O
I
.C\
vgi
v\ rdinf nl
srv
"He gave
(cf.
it
to me".
341.
an expression which
may be
(for
swB ChBrvf
hrl).
of the 342.
sentence
Sin. 136.
144
6 a. IN GENERAL.
p.
f'=Ti)
1,
hold, I will take
mk
rvi r
nhm
ass,
c^k,
sht'i,
hr
wmf
"Be-
away thy
peasant, because he
devours &c."^
If it
as in
'^^:z7
(]
lord, I
have found",^
somewhat ceremonial;
[1
q7\
K\
hS and the
like.
h.
EMPHASIS,
IN GENERAL.
in placing before the sentence,
a.
343.
Emphasis consists
a word to which
it
is
by a pronoun
in the sent-
word
'king' is often
em-
p.
WITHOUT INTRODUCTION.
method of emphasis
leaves the eme.
344.
The
original
g.:;
Bauer
11.
Bauer
74.
p.
145
""^
?
it
V^
D _SS)fl
"My
praise,
j97
As^*' pt).
AAAAAA cii.
'^.^a
k^tnf irt
st
had thought
to do it to me, I
Irt st ri rf).
had done
it
to
him"-
r\
^1
-Zl
J\
2i
_Zl
AAAAAA
cl
CI^I^
vR
to
[1
^\
which
I went, I
irni hd
Itrm swrif
in the stream,
he drinks
(it) if
thou
wishest".*
346.
forms as
its verb,
is
T
bit'i
.
t!?^
f^
(^h<^n
hn n sin
lower Egypt
1
expired".^
LD
II,
122a.
Sin. 144.
gin. 101.
Sin. 233.
?risse 2, 8.
Erman,
Egypt, gramm.
Yi
146
Y-
WITH
ir,
ir-,
r-
and
in.
347.
AAAAAA LJ
V^
l\f\f\f\J\f\
rvn
commanded me,
I entirely
WITH
\r,
ir-,
r-,
AND
Ir is
in.
347.
The emphatic
particle
is
only occasionally
g.
sdm
St "All
that
is
t\<=>
/wwvA 1 III (3(3(3 nnn _zr r 360 pn> n rnpi "A temple-day, (that)
I
'^[]''^~^^^^n\>^'^^{^
1
i
nhtntr,
V360
o^ ^^^
year".^
Here
to 346.
B.
also,
an auxiliary verb
is still
is
treated according
This construction
m.
e.
but in the n.
superceded
all
the]
Westc.
9,
12.
Una
42.
prisse
2,
4.
Siut
I,
30C
Y-
WITH
ir,
b--,
r-
and
in.
348
350.
147
[1
<>/,
follows
the
word
to
be emphasized JiT^
(1
self".^
It is often
(cf.
356)
often
still
A):
^ ^.
(J
^
That
which
is
added
from irf
rf
tS
rf\
AAAAA/v
Mn
light'/
A\\
"This peasant came".^
A. This r- had
originallj'
irvin
rf
shti
pn
7,
8.
LD
III.
24 d.
Peasant 29.
Sin. 248.
'5
K*
148
C.
means of
tive
\
AAA/SAA
In (old writing
is
(1
1
^^
J
in)
the resumpself
pronoun
for the
evident:
I
A\'w\A
y
it
in
hnf rdi
irtf "His
majesty
Q'
caused that
irtf).
If the subject to be
emphasized
is
a pronoun, the
pronouns
and the
pronoun according to
ntf ssm
wi
"It
is
he who
leads me",^
AAAAAA
r\
I I
n
N\fy/\y^
'^
-<2>-|
AAAAAA
is
they
who do
it
for me".^
B. In
LE
(i.
e.
*n according to late
pronunciation). 4
c.
THE ELLIPSE.
(i. e.
351.
The frequent
tive
ellipses
members
in the
indentical words
are suppressed:
5^" AAAAAA
I I I
I
AAAAAA
I
III
yr
III
3
AAAAAA
I
Sin. 308.
LD
III,
24 d.
Siut
I,
289.
Sethe
C.
149
iml
mi m
r n linrvtn
sh^l hr msTvtn
"Establish
(Establish)
^ f ^^ ^
tms hrf r
dd m^Q, mkhS
ddrv
grg
who speak
Similar
is
it is 352.
AAAftAA
sfwf
(lit.
lb n
joices
(i.
e.
When
ject,
same subfirst
353.
the latter
>
Mar. Ab.
II,
31.
Louvre C
26.
gin. 176.
150
inni hrrvsn,
pr
its?i,
rdl sdt
Im
"I
away
their people,
went
down
their
An
is
object
may
Thus,
e.
g.
"He
"^^
s^^k
for
''Ir-s?i
lO
r to
rvtj
lift
^^-=^
^'^^-^
si)
/I
ffwf
(lit.
up)".^
Another form
pressions like:
is
the ellipse of
|)
dd "say" in ex-
<^^% r^w
[]
"it is said"."*
/wvAAA
^',2
"they
say",
]'^
I
I
ntrm
lir
These stand
B.
(I
fiir
is
QA
II,
LD
136h.
Peasant
24.
lD
III,
24 d.
Eb.
9. 20.
Stele from
Kuban.
<
3fl.
358.
151
3.
a.
KINDS OF SENTENCE.
356.
INTEREOGATIVE SENTENCE.
it is
externally marked.
Fre-
rogative sentence.
If the sentence contains
it is
no special interrogative,
(Jaaaaaa
357*.
introduced by means of
in or
[Jaaaaaa
[1
v^
Jm o
tf
Ji
^
I
2^-=^
_M^
^n
upon
his
Crvitrvl
rf
m
v^
"Shall
be
robbed
land(?)?".^
n /www
[1
^'
^^-^
v^
In
irv
m^Ct piv
"Is it
truth?"
B. in iw
is
perhaps preserved in
PNE,
cf.
C 394.
As a
end of
inter-
358*.
the sentence
C
is
392).
rogative pronoun
ing, 34) "what?,
v\
ml
cf.
on the read-
who?":
nn hr m?
/y
^J^J^^-^f phnk
"Why
(on ac-
count of what) have you reached this (place) ?''^ "^^^ irtw nn mi m ? "Like what 2 (1
% 1 1 ^^
18.
2
is this
done?"''
Westc.
8,
3.
3
Peasant
sin. 35.
<
ib. 202.
152
In
cf.
a.
361.
(I
B.
LE.
C
is
already
superceded by
Ih
A(l)
"what?";
"~^^
60.
359.
'^.
as subject with
is
usually emphasized by in
A
A^AA^A
(cf.
"^ 1
"^
^^;i//,^^5;y?Whosaysit?''^
m m
"Who
B. This in
of the m.
AAAAAA PI
e.; in
irf inf sw
is
already written
aaaaaa
\^\
3^
at the end
LE
new word
jQ
w
360.
n'im
"who"
MIM
(cf,
60, 2),
what?"
e.
are
(jg[l^^ m^and^;^ijij|^sy(?).
Cf.
g.
is
(Igp^^D^
-75-(l(j
Isstpfv
"What
is it?
who
it?"^
|d^ /sy(?) pw
of the time?").
"Who
is
it?"^
O^O
is
{l)-nw "When?"''
"What
361.
^
AAAAAA
V^^=^tn.Qi.:
I
^
I'VI'^^^
(with emphasis).
(T^
'|W5f>*V/^w?"Wherei8it?"'
^^^^<=>
thou?"^
1
^ \%& q^
35.
2
Irt r
tn?
"Whither goest
2
f.
(lit.
sg.).
Sin. 35.
Math. Hdb.
Math. Hdb.
7 ib. 9, 4.
30.
"
Westc.
b.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES.
A. In the pyr.
a.
364.
153
it is
position,
TCDN.
Cf.
C 364.
(1]
Q7\, 362.
ptfi, pif-i
hut generally
-I
QA
pi'i^ is
pro-
always stands at
field?"
^
(^'^'^1'^--
Pt'i
^W
"What
is
his
f^^^^l^
P^'^
^f ^^ "What
is it?" 2
(with
emphasis).
363,
word
it is
written
trc.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES.
o.
"WITH n
AND
nn.
\)
v^ii-^
(more rarely /
appears 354*
in
good orthography:
1
.^n_
and
'^'^.
Their pronun3
Math. Hdb.
49.
Eb.
2,
3.
154
ciation
6.
NEGATIVES SENTENCES.
0..
367.
was perhaps
approximately
and nn or
similar,
A. In the pyr. both forms are written c^JU^.
B.
as
is
preserved
N-.
C 389).
365.
,^-A-^ is
as
it is
w-form
mw
"Lay
(]
n rhi
srv "I
know him
not".'
this
hole, .^n^
J\
^v
n prnf im then
will
366.
it
however,
is
belongs to the
second group,
AA^/^AA
184sq.):
-^
(will)
not di-
M-
367.
(cf.
280)
AAAAAA
i&
is
onn
^^2 ^/^^
rvdC,
nn rdit hr gs "Judgside"*
(i.
upon one
e.
without
being partisan).
1
Sin.
114.
Eb.
97,
19.
Siut
I,
311.
LD
II,
U9e.
b.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES.
a.
370.
155
"Set
it
where
it is
cool
P B
^O
see
nn rdit m^^s
srv
it".^
its
(e. g.
nn rdit pssf
st^
it").
when the
subject
is
(cf.
^^
is
^^lo
n ntf pw
msCt "It
-^^^ nn
wn
_iir^ AAA/W\
/T >^\
_/J^^
Im "There
is
no water there,
am
not there".^
^n^-^^^N.
which has no rudder".^
not" and
s^-a.^
,^a_^(1
Is
"but 370.
^
2
c^
Eb. 43,
17.
Siat
I,
272.
sin. 267.
<
Eb.
69, 6.
Sin. 13.
156
a.
p.
the
circujil.
373.
n wsh
Is
prv "It
it
l^^o
:
rvrt
but not
much".^
371.
^^^jT_^
n sp means "never"
yc^^i
-^^r^fc^ra^y
hS mUif hr smt
tn
Q\nsp
down
often emirt
f.
pBt: n sp pBt
"The
like
.^^JU^,
V\
Jl
n:
hot sp
with
378).
found in w/r
"^^^^I
v^-f^
^^ %\
in nfr n rvnn
niCtii
"If it is
done".*^
Jy
p.
1
im-,
m, tm-.
certaii
373.
Eb. 104,
pi.
8.
LD
6
II,
149 e.
Una
31
18.
^i.
im-,
157
fol-
and
tm-.
These are
are not
^s.
^^
^^
Vi^Q^
to be denied is 374.
"Treat
it
with cold
fi
|\ ^"^C30 l\ l\
Q mf
smm
that
it
may
imk
I I I
ir iht rs
"Do not do
anything for
it".^
The imperative
is
written 375.
.^^
be proud".^
m CB
A
A. In the pyr.
plural
it is
SI
^\.
3.
3
m ChC rim
they
have
also
Eb.
91, 6.
Eb. 110,
Prisse
5,
8.
Totb.
ed.
Nav. 30
2.
3.
158
B.
p.
im-,
AND
e.
emplo3's the
cir-
cumlocution ^^^^
m
7.
cr
MTfp.
376.
is
Cf.
C 305,
^iezil
is
more extended,
the
conditional
found,
among
other
uses,
in
sentence
\\
<==> cvjr^
l:^^
^ ^^
it";'
''^Tifl
^ ir
tmf
wU
St "If
form sdmhrf
(cf.
204)
hsbt "If
it
and
293):
who unlooses
it";^
it
(the boun-
The circumlocution
according to
^^imr
tm rdl,
which
is
to cause that",
is
then an
infinitive, this
com-
bination
is
"The boundary
1
erected
6.
<=z>^^ii=n:
^^^^
136 h.
^"^i
Eb.
26, 7.
Eb. 25,
LD
II,
Y-
159
>)
_-Zl
A/vvv\A /N
^^
<^ iinr
^^~~^
that no negro at
all
should overstep
it"
(lit.
"to cause
it").
is
something
(i,
e.
a remedy) in
may
not
steal".^
e.
tm rdi mBni
"that I
Y.
The
adjective
378.
is
of 371 A, originally
e. g.
meant something
like
"not having",
its
writing",^
i.
e.
a book without
^ Tk "^^^v
A.
rlj
^^^=^ itvt'imrvtf^ihe
motherless one".^
The
pyr. write it
[I
v\
old.
it
vj-O-t,
W
Copt, as
1
2ti also
seems to be
B. In such combinations
AT-.
Cf.
89.
2
LD
n, 136i.
Eb.
98, 5.
Westc.
8, 11.
Eb. 30,
7.
Peasant 64.
160
379.
It
C.
381.
used in
is
irvt'i is
attaches clauses of
all
kinds
"^
I
^5*^
twy nt i^hrv(?),
irvtt
no navigation"
(with
upon
it").
St
o -^
v\
:=^^
v\ J Jl ^
W
is
-^
\ _M^
iTVt'irv
rh bw
nt'i
hrv
"The place
known").
380.
As
is
"^^^
often
employed as a substantive
also;
where
dition
it (cf.
is
not":
is not""*
"that which
(i.
e.
everything).
c.
381.
On
a verb
dependent upon
rdl
"to
cause"
cf.
c,
17.
2 ib.
79, 5.
LD
II,
149.
C.
161
cf. cf.
179.
On
clauses dependent
189.
On
the dependence
upon conjunctions
190. 302.
own language;
by prefixing
ntt^
another method
viz.
of substantivizing
every sentence
may
be converted into
verbs or pre-
a substantive and
positions:
know
that
Karnak
is
region of light".
WAAA
A
I
""
pn "Because they
If
246
^
by
383.
% iwl
means of
rhkrvL) be substantivized
by the
means of
jibe
old absolute
pronouns of
80:
i<=>oJi^U
cause of the fact that
I
'-
Jimknow"
I,
(i. e.
"because
know"),
LD m,
24d.
siut
311.
5.
Erman,
Eg^pt. gramm.
162
d.
TEMPORAL CLAUSES.
d.
384. 385.
TEMPORAL CLAUSES.
is
it
384.
If
no conjunction
can
be recognized as such
As a rule
it
pre-
light, I
came
to Ptn".^
'^""'^
^,
sdm
those
St nt'iw
m
in
tB
"When
who are
it
Egypt heard
it,
they laid
their heads
upon the
earth".^
More
rarely
"Be not
silent,
when he
is
at (? as
we say
385,
"at work") a
wicked speech".^
hft "when,
^^''^^ J\mht
"after",
<=:>^
r 5i* "after", as
"I
followed
2
my
149 f.
Sinuhe
II,
20.
ld
II,
Prisse
5, 14.
Siut
I,
298.
LD
122 a.
e.
388.
163
On
J\ hr mht "now
common
(of.
at beginning of
325; 244).
e.
principal 386.
may be
ml,
and
but
may
troduction.
It is
always
left
it
con- 387.
sdmhrf
ci.
204) or is a
nominal sentence:
rvhmhrk mi
ddhrk
. . .
"If
(lit.
repeat
the examining)
then say
hrl^
me
am
it
form sdmf^
388.
can likewise be
left
form then
(of.
184. 188):
s ^
X
^AAAAA
Eb. 36,
15,
Math. Hdb.
35. 36.
L*
164
e.
391.
m
r 360
"If
hprt prv
now
389.
ye divide all
.,
it
(the result) is
i/seo"-^
As a
rule,
introduced by
(J'==^^^^^^
tr; in
"first
group"
^
thou findest a wise
(out of reverence).
A. In the pyr. a
(I
tr
gmk dUsw
. .
.
him
Crvik "If
-
man
awaaa In
is
used instead of
Ir.
390.
If a
number
as a rule,
is
employed only
with the
to 388:
first,
treated according
q<==^v^i
'^^
(abbreviation)
s
^
hr
.
mn ri-ibf, gmmk st hr psdf. "If you examine a man who is diseased in mach (?), and you find it upon his back
.
ddhrk
his sto. .
then
say &c.".3
391.
means of
1
I] (1
mi or ^v m,
is
far
more
rare:
3
Siut
I,
286. 300.
Prisse 5,
10 11.
Eb. 40,
5.
/. REL. CLAU8.
a.
WITH. A CON.
|3.
392/4.
165
.
II
fl
tk
s^
s
I
n
hi
o\\
lit
^ V\
*^-^=^
10 r
2, pti
what
is its
content?"^
v\
.
<=::> ^'wvAA
^^
^1
say".-
m mrrtn
Inprv
(Jdtn "If
ye love Anubis
/.
a.
EELATIVE CLAUSES,
WITHOUT A CONNECTIVE.
392.
is
rare and
is
The j)seudoparticiple
thus
used in
illll
^^
t^
msktvl imf
was born".^
are frequently joined 393.
Nominal
to a
clauses, however,
noun
227.
in this
manner;
cf.
and
p.
Math. Hdb,
49.
Sin. 159.
166
j3.
397.
with
love"
it
in gender
woman whom
I love"
is
whom
I love",
must be written
sn
As was remarked
in
289,
gem.
it
is
therefore
prrtf,
^^_
rdi "give"
rvnntf, Illae
inf.
^^^
dldttfko,.
Furthermore,
is it is
the mas-
culine ending
in
not usually
when
not every-
96).
e. g.
frequently written,
ht piv
n Cnh,
tree of life,
Corresponding to
the statement in
the
also, nearly
The masculine
connected, an at-
tributive participle
1
Merenre' 616.
(3.
167
(cf.
260).
There
are,
is,
to be sure, omitted:
thn hr
psdf
''W, is
the
ills(?),
joined,
is
almost always
rvhi w<'"this
^'^\
govern"/
ww# hkStsn
"the
villages,
they
_LS'
XC13
Vl/W\A
y
A^ft/v\A
,^
t^s
pn
irn
lyni
"this
boundary whicb
my
struction which he
(lit.)
made".^
if it is
On
399.
position, the
pronoun
6
is,
for the
6.
most
3
part, expressed:
I,
Hr-hwf
C. 4.
LD
II,
136 h.
Siut
276.
Una
108.
II, 25.
II
168
Y-
WITH
A PASS. PARTIC.
0.
tltl.
400. 401.
<^^^ \> Jl
JA
^ ^
'^^^^^\\
1
smt
'.^
7ibt.
rwtni rs
"in",
"by means of
often wanting:
my
heart tarries'.^
Y.
400.
The substitution of an
a relative clause
is
extended
is
(in violation
of
different
;
from the
is
no humble one, to
ei
whom
the like
idem).
nti.
401.
The
treated in 132
in purely
if
it
was joined:
Sin. 101.
Sin. 168.
sinuhe 309.
Ace. to Sethe.
6.
ntt. 402.
169
|]<::z>'
V\5iKz::7
'^
;^
iri-Cf
nb,
nt'i
hrf
"every officer
him".'
Hot
Jit/'
t\
"all
worms which
l'%2r
^) M ^
I
^ 1^ m
I
^
<c:=>
f^^^ mrw-k^t
f?w
/?r //r?
who
are
upon
the mountain".'^
W>
they
P^fl
^^ &w
is
nt'i
St
are""* (with
a different subject).
Avritten for
AAAAv\A
ft',
A. In the pyramids
1^v
forniw.
for
JiiVw? is
^^
inXi
it first
loses
the plural
palace"
6
(e.
msw
nt'i
in his
instead of
nt'ito),
The sentences of
402.
may
also be so joined;
with hr:
/\/WJV^
,1
1 1 1
IJ l|
"a
man who
^s. ^i^^ s
nt'i
mr
"a
man who
is ill.
Westc. 9, 3. 2 Eb. 20, 8. 3 Sin. 303. ^ Eb. 32, 21. 8 Eb. 35, 10. gin. 176.
170
403.
nt'i
0.
Tltl.
403. 404.
rela-
is
always
the case
but
it
there were
no express connection
A.AAAAA
-rr-
/-^
^--
-^
nt'i
mrf "who
is
not
sick".i
"1^ tk
6/
/TH
i\
^
Li
iCi
<ZZ>
_Z1
Sti.
III
/^
\\
Si
AAAAAA
_ZI
knbt,
nt'i
rdini ntn
sjv "this
officials deliver to
404.
nti is also
^1^
^^^^^
ml ^
his following".^
itt
(^
nbt
ss
"all
that was in
^1:1
writing"
(i.
e.
written).^
2-1' /WAAAA
C^
\\
<!II>
CT^ lO
(it),
htf "Let
him drink
in
whose
ills".''
18.
siut
I,
295.
Mar. Ab.
II,
25.
Prisse
Eb.
14, 6.
0.
171
also used
AA/^A^A
is
On
On
cf.
S 382.
^^^
w
cf.
379.
TABLE OF
The more important
hardt even where this
d, d,
is
SIGNS.
in
list
signs
of Thein-
probably incorrect.
The phonetic
Ort.
meaning as an ideogram ( 36 39); most frequent transferred meaning ( 40); it was not the intention to enumerate all the homophonous words for which each sign can be used. Com., orthographic compound; indicates the origin of the sign by the combination of two others.
sign ( 32-35);
which
the determinative always accompanies ( 52). Abb., that the determinative occurs at the abbreviation of a
word
( 68).
A.
Det. supplicate;
MEN.
sTDet.
Abb.
high,
rejoice;
/i
high,
Jj'^
Bm
7
adoration.
to praise.
rejoice.
^Det. hn
10^^ Phon.
in.
173
15 19
jj Det. dance.
85
^
1
Det, to
bow down;
89
Det. man,
1.
ps.
mum91
my
t=:3
Abb. ^w^statue.
is
Det.
mummy.
Tvr great, sr
29 TO
Prop.
the
(sir) prince.
Det. rest.
Det. hn to praise.
Det. old;
Abb.
Det.
i:^w old.
94
that
which
95
demands
strength.
Det. conceal;
Prop, kd build.
Prop.
^i/>
conceal
Phon.
70 l|
As.
(originated from
48.)
Det. king;
101
Abb.
71
t(y king.
Det.
child;
Abb.
105
y^ Det.toload,build;
Abb. ^tp to load,
/i"
carry,
k:$-t
Abb.
82
hft'i
enemy.
106
work.
Prop,
hh
great
number.
174
110
B.
WOMEN.
C.
GODS.
Trfd.
si
watch
over, si break.
(masc).
129
113
Det. revered per-
son
to
(corresponds
131
89).
119
Det. king.
128
Pro p. 5i shepherd;
B.
7
WOMEN.
14
}f ^ Det.
Det.woman (corresponds to
pregnant;
&A-i
89).
Abb.
15
pregnant.
Det. bear;
Abb. ms bear.
existent at.
12
Trfd.
frJf
C.
GODS.
31 Qo Det. Abb. St Set.
JVs-
Det.
Abb.
B/pvt'i
4
11
Thoth.
55
Det.
Abb
m^C-t
mi(^-^
goddess M.,
27
RC Re.
truth.
D.
175
D.
1
MEMBERS OP THE
tp-t
;
BODY.
Det. nose,
(cf.
^
^
Prop,
head,
breath
dMB head
3
Trfd. ip
26 and
4);
mouth;
rS{'^), r.
^."n^Prop.s/?^
lip;
destroyed; Abb. In
hair,wlr destroyed.
10 -cs:- Prop. wr-?(?) eye, mS
see;
N28/'=^Prop.si?r Confusion
rib;
Trfd.si?r
with
Trfd. Ir
Ir, m:^{f).
do;
30.
Phon.
arrive
at.
12-^^ Det.
eye, see.
33/^ Det.
35
37
\
that
which
14^^ Det.
15
weep;
Trfd.
Abb. rm weep.
Trfd. Cn beautiful;
mdw
speak.
>^
Phon.
17
Det.
Cn.
up;
Abb.
divine
jvd^-t
i^-t back.
eye;
39
Abb.
eye.
^
(
divine
Prop. s$ embrace;
Trfd. slm
Phon.
nose;
happen;
ir.
28 (/p| Prop,
htit
F5 ^
42
Variant of
47.
176
D.
46
Prop.
spirit
;
A'i,
kind of
k^.
63
nProp. di give, mc
give (imp\>.).
Phon.
(tin)
47 _/u. Prop, n
irvt'i
not,
65-0
oProp.
(impv.).
sent.
mi
give
not
having;
66 Q
;
Phon. n (nn)
Det. negation.
49 \=^
I
Trfd.rfsr splendid
69L=/]Det.
that
which
or sim.
to
demands strength;
Abb. nht strong.
row;
72
to
^^
51^ Prop, hn
Phon.
52
hn.
Q/^ Prop,
c/ii
com-
82
ti)
Det.
fist,
grasp
bat; Phon.
ai.
84 ^
]
Abb. im grasp.
Prop. ^&c finger
(cf.
DProp.<^arm,</'give;
1);
Phon.
C;
Det. that
ii:Tfrd. dbc
rect,
10,000.
which
strength
demands
Det. middle,
corc/cS
(=D69),
mtr
Abk.
(= D
62
63).
/^ Prop, w^ ell,
Trfd.
witness.
90
('==0)
Prop.
b:^h
phallus
ion
with
culine, kS steer
17.
20,
12.
From
17*
Second
From the Story of Sinuhe
(Epic
(
Part.
TW^
S^-nht).
Published
poem
12
I.
(11.
so
Sinuhe, a
man
J.),
Amen-em-he't
reasons,
I. (c.
2100 B.
unknown
seeks flight to
o.
^
IP^^,
r
3J
AA/WA/
I
A^AAA^-|
N.P
]
(I
^^
^1z!iOM,M
is
H^-P-r
on the isthmus of Suez.
a by means of" or sim. is wanting, b the peculiar ending explained by the coming together of the dual ending and the
1
suffix
sg.
Name
of a fortification
hk^
is
Bb
18*
From
CSI
^?.?,?Q^ ilSl.^?P
1"^
^^AAAAAA
cy
^ r^^^
r\^''v/1
(At the
Km-wr
I fell
down
for thirst.)
D
330,2 286
'
'
1 1 1 1 1 1
AAAAAA
/VWAAA /VWAAA
^kl-Pfl.l,^,
AA/W\A
P^
HI
AAAAftA
VS\
l^f^
> A/VV\AA AA/VWA AA/VAAA
J] '^^^a
^:.^
a poetic for I concealed myself".
strued as
if it
e conguard**.
self".
to a collective the
d
e
like
self together", or
gather one's
p^
like a
From
19=^
.^
1
C^
A^^AAA
-H
AA/\AAA
A
r^^^
AAAAAA \\
I
rv^^^
AA/^AA^
f^^^^^
/-^
1^
^
o
i:=^
27.
I
I
W
f
p"j^| AAAAAA
1
O
78
f\rAfiAf\
(II.
94.)
'\m
c cancel r in irtnsn according to 151.
AAAAA/V
a perhaps to be corrected he cooked for me", b read whwt. d a half year"? a year and
e
a half"?
/"
125 B.
20*
From
D ^^=i=.
ro\
X
31
AAA/W\
1^
ilii
A/w^A^
I
\J
I
^^-^J
^1
^K\^
I
:=>
III
1^^^
(C^
1
I
O O O
Awv\^
.^1-
t I
t I
11
'5^
(He also made
me
prince of a tribe.)
f^^^r^^
-2x
jf\
-fv
.M:^#
n=^-=>-i
I
III
ID
la.
[J
^ ^? lYI^fl
\\
# tk
-n-
IfV^
I
tlie
entire expression. 6
125B
the land,
The determinatives
From
21=*
.<T:r>. AAAA.NA
^W\
'::^l
fl
C^
AAAAAA ifLL
^^K
I
III
AAAAAA
@
I
I I
111^ <zz
1"^^^I1M?!4
III.
(11.
109
145.)
Zi.
^-^
-'"~
Jj
iljL
/VSAAAA
JL
'
^^^
A/NAAAA
n^^ B
AAAAAA
AAAAA^ _
C>
AA/\AAA
"fV
^^
AA/\AAA AAAAA/\
^
(I
my
weapons.)
210
s:
^]^--]^^^
b
^J:
sell. Jq^r,
c the land of
351.
22*
From
/W^AAA
I
olio
I !
78
242,3
-0.
^
.
Q
V
(J
AA/\AAA
J^
D^
I I
I
3X
OO
R5
e A^/v\AA
n /^
Ann
iO
A^^^AA
AA/'AA^
^
a
(I
I
a like a relative, 397.
b
m lit probably as an adverb thered a verb is probablj' wanting: [they he shoots him therefore from behind.
From
23"
y^^
)
^ Vfii
[]
&
Q
^\
AAAAAA AAAAAA
AA/VNAA
ifLL AA/VV>A
WV^
\^
AAAAAA
\\
0"^ f~"l
AA^NAAA
^AAAAA r
i
I I
-^
1
JJ
I
r
AAA/v^A
1'
n
zd
r*
I t I I I I
-^ /^
AA^SAAA A^\^>A
2^^=^
iC:^
A/VWAA
/^>
AAAAAA AAAAAA
a
"^
^o
JF.
(Z. 241
257,)
As an
old
man
TT^i
tsn
I.
home and
goes to Egypt.
i^
AAAAAA Cli.
_C
Ml
168
Mm%.
Ji
fl QaaaJ.
AAAAAA
AAAAAA
[13
2lM
7\
a^
b emphasis, 344.
24*
305
From
/J AAAAAA
TV
(9
r\
AAAAAA
4 lira
/^v
>Ti^^
(I
in
crzD
1
u
I
D
Ci
J]
1^
2ti
IJ^fJ,
261
,^^
I
f^miT]
III
MkJ^^i^-1
a Tvho had followed me, while they led me", b he presents c Impersonal; one expects r l^. d indicates the action of the people who lead him forth, e Nominal sentence, f old writing according to 109. f the order of words is free according to 341.
them,
From
25*
^!^^ ^-rk^^-^PflT'^l
I
Zl-'W QkM<
269.)
The king
presents Sinuhe to the queen,
-a
V. (Z. 263
AAAAAA
ra
J\
\
X
6
IHf'^l,^, ^
^^ o
c^O
I
Jl^
<-^
I
"I
I
AA/WW
o
AA/WW
AAAAAA
AAAAAA
D
I I
I
f^^"^
I I
AAAAAA
;p
I
I
b
(I
a Perhaps relative sentence: as an Cim whom the S. made". sign of unknown meaning. c i. e. altogether". for they had hrought them with them, e m their hands"?
hieratic
312. 76.
cf.
Bb*
26*
YI. {Z. 279
From
310.)
A
At the
is
t-=^^
"1
\
^ AAAAAA
f?^^t&-"&^P-^l>,
h
9
- -*
I
I I
A/VWVv
I I
I
"
^
,
sic
Jl
w
I I
286
X
I
fl
AAAAAA
A A/WV\A
o
W
\^
\
W
.C\
\\
mrrA
CTT]
[Z-ZJ
j^
t\N\N\f\
^
^liin
Ollll^ AAAAAA^
l^^^_^ffi..
X
c^
r-^
111
%^]
mm
315. h passive, c read
e
a for
<=>
Cxc'i,
d 329
as
accomP.
read t and
f read mrrf?
they".)
From
27*
^'-%^r"i^ I'm
^51
1-35-1 o
_~3
ji
1
111
-^
A/^WAA AAAAAA
Tl^jr
(and there was built for
e
me my own
house)
IS
-Pk
A^AftAA AAAAAA
-<T1
ii_a^t^cr=i
ra
tko
is,
now
resigned
I
the
desert",
i.
e.
upon which
had
tptl;
in contrast
with
read nt.
e passive,
f read hw8.
28*
(it
Prom
best)
^^r
J]
AAAA/Vv
.F^^
'^^^
AAAAAA
A (^
/n
I I
>A
ra
if^^
(Butler 2
13.)
An
inferior official
journeys
toward
Herakleopolis,
and
rob
him
of
his ass.
l^-\
I
o\\
^
f
^^ead
50 B.
read <--^->
29*
J\
AAAAA/"
't3.
i.
AAA/V\A
VS
D
AAAAAA
^i MC
I I I
I I
AAAAAA
AAAAAA
^
0V>, ,,
JJ. (Butler 13
<
^jos^^
The
official
[It']
19.)
I
L^ J
2^^=>_
ii
A.VWVA
q?
^\f]\
man
e
is
,%5
^X32_
.^
^ n
^li
<:
m
'"i
J
AAAAAA AAAA^W
>
AAAAAA
a a hieratic sign of unknown meaning. 5 the name of the wanting, c i. e. one of the peasantry, d temporal clause.
him
....
i.
or sim.
f here he hegins
elliptical
direct
discourse.
The following
is
probably an
for
oath:
may
every
me I" g The
situation
must
be: a narrow road; on one side water, on the other, upper side
field,
e.
30*
w
D
AV\A/^A
3 ^
AAA^A^
c_J.
I
JJ
r\N\/-Af\
i-LL
Ida
"7:\
>^.
A^A^A^
I
III
\\
The peasant
is
^
D
.r^
AAAAAA
njkT
D
1.^
w
AAAA^^
I
A/V/VAAA
/^
.^
AAAAAA
(T^
y^\
\\i
Y\
A^^AA^
Ci
^^
r
.1
D
AAAA/^A
<II> L _!>*V^
J AAAAAA
is
wanting,
a passive, b the middle of the road, c have a care" or sim. d [Take care] my fruit is on (<=>) the road".
Storj' of the
Eloquent Peasant.
31*
^. Q
I
M+i
a n
(I
AAAAAA
35
/I
"ft
\oJ
ra
AAAAAA
^^'^T[
^^
I
I I
M
<__^->
Till
I
'
AA/^A^^
^5=^
JIT.
I
'=^
I 1
1
AAAftAA
'-
i^^v)
IW-^ZK
w
r'=^
L AA^^AA
^q
h
X
^.xn2_
> _iir^
AAAAAA
X
AA/\AAA
JL
AAAA/'
J
^^1
a [The lower part of the road is] under water, b Wil] you not let us pass by then!" e meaning something like: since
is
its
[upper] edge.
d read
mhM
32*
IH1
^
AAAAAA
TTT
/vvvvv>
W Ci
OW
n ^^'
[TZ]
AAAAAA
D
AAAAAA
'^'
.^^
.^^5>^/
Jl
AAAAVV
lO V>
/'
^V
S1fc,t
AAAAAA
AAA/VNA AAAAAA
AAAAAA
^^q-^'
sio
353
AAAAAA ra
C
354
I
1<^
^^=11)
tl
*
JF.
(ib.
Z. 24
32.)
official in vain.
AAAAAA AAAAAA
A\
a relative belonging to Jin. h probably a proverb: instead of the poor man one makes mention of his lord, c meaning: though you should address me, you think first of my lord. d the tamarisk was not dry rf is probably corrupt, e read the
;
n-form.
e peculiar infinitive.
33*
^^
D
c:.l\\
s
jr
n
3\\
/^AAAA^
^1
<
.-
flf
^fl
AAAAAA Q^
A AAA/V\A
/I
2^
A/V\AAA
f^ (^
I I I
J]
.<E>-
ra
Ik
o
\
@
I
Mil
;=:>Jrilll
AAAAAA
v^A^
lo
f
relates to
F.
(ib.
Z. 3242).
V^ y^' AAAAA>
[3III
to",
god
make
noise,
c perhaps an invocation,
182, the
meaning of the
sentence
is
not clear,
O or O.
Qq
against
the injustice.
Erman,
Egfypt gpramm.
"
34*
kZ^^!
Ol
A.
h'
>j^i^
ra^^_y^<=>^^^
A\
AAAAAA
W)
AA^^^A
^
I I
\V\AA
^
SAj
AAAAAA
FJ.
(ib.
Z. 4251.)
The
AA/^/yA^
AAAA^^
/\A/v/\AA
/CilW
AA/NAAA
[J
I
1
P^^^,^
away the peasant would not
probably a peasant suhject to
/WW\A AAAAAA
I
I
5*L=_
o As the prince
detain him.
6
desires to sail
it is
they mean:
him,
who
35*
AAAAAA
III
,^,(i:t:
j^\
^
I
I I
AAAAAA
O
^
a
/-X
.-^-^
^
I I 1 I
^p
I
<2>-
AA/^AA^
^
AAAAAA '5ffY^^^i2i
AAAA/>
ra
ra
P--J
X
w
FIT.
(ib. Z.
A/WAAA
5271.)
The
first
^^
Ezm
ill
AA/^AA^
CJ.
r-"^^ \
a Sense probably, he must pay this as a fine; or, he should be punished because of the natron etc. (with which the asses were loaded)? b His reply is not given.
36*
(Thou
1 ^^^==
CLL
AA/^^^^
.X
in
I
"
J)
9
AAAAA\ 6
A/VVV\A
i:
AAA^w
wvV
77 -^ -"
icl
_Z1
WxS
J]
'0\
m.
g
^ sic
kA/WvAA
ra
o read
nif.
6 treat
me
name
is
to
aU
laws, c imperative,
is
d imperative,
imperative,
I
f '^
wanting, g sense
probably, prove,
how much
have to bear.
Storj' of the
Eloquent Peasant.
it
37*
to the King,
YIII.
(ib. Z.
71
77.)
W
sic
.7^'
-<2=-
^- -M
A
AAAftAA
^^^^--1
ioV\
/'
I I I
fl
V.
Supplement.
A
writing of Thutmosis
I.
(Stone in the Cairo Museum. Published Aeg. Ztsch. 29, 117 from a copy of Heinrich Brugscb.)
I.
Announcement
of the coronation.
0^
o
78
mn^i.-m^i
new
ruler
AAAAAA
O
^^^^
-J1
AA^/^A^ AA^w^
/T O UL
>\
II.
AAAAAA
The
titulary of the
w
I I
I
Jx
U^
c:^
a passive,
b sense optative.
writing of Thutmosis
I.
o
I I
Jfffp^^-^
1
III.
What name
-
is
cf=]^
Ji
mnm
mi^i
J 11
e
MPhih^fip
IV. What name
is
^AW^filw in
/O
^^ n
AAAAAA
f
d
h MP
f\
AAAAAA
F. Concluding formula,
f
Ii
AAAAAA
a read Q.
remain",
lit.
d formula of
that which
is
communicated,
Titularies.
39*
onni
^^^'i'^O
\rT,k
Examples of the Royal Titularies.
(Written
in abbreviations throughout; for explanation compare titulary fully written out in the preceding letter.)
I.
the
Wsrtsn
I.
11
f5SS^
Q ^
Iaaaaaa
(ib.
IL Thutmosis HI.
349)
o
"^^^l
V
n
0|
I
=
III
-3
>d2
1% ^
TTmrr
40*
Examples of QTave-formulae.
lU. Ramses
11. (ib. 420).
4
III
III
ffl
Examples of Grave-formulae.
(Filled with abbreviations throughout,
I.
The
sacrificial
formula.
llLi
z2i
:::ii
^Jrj.f.l^k -^f^l
in
jr.
The same
another form.
(Gravestone in Florence).
a unintelligible formula,
b optative,
c relative clause.
Examples of Grave-formulae.
291
41*
1}
291
'
AAAAAA
^U
M
I
f)
^l^f^^
/
I
^fliri'^Pjl
in Turin).
A D
/WWV\
AAAAAA
-CaS- O AAAAAA
AAAAAA
JJ
'Vir:-
3=a
7ZZ.
visitors to the
grave (LD
II, 122).
391
fl
A^AAAA
V.
The same,
in different
form (RIH
16).
_Cr^'^~~-*
AAAA^V*
AAAAAA
c^> \
AAAAAA JS
_Hr^
"^
^ C^ Dill
a 259, 2, passive defectively written, b 259, 2 active, plural. Impv. d. the pronouncing of this formula procures the deceased nourishment.
c
Cc*
GLOSSARY.
PREFATORY NOTES.
The correct orthography occupies
the first place; abbr. designates
63
68;
to be found under the first part of the compound. The endings are separated by -, and are not taken into considera-
To a considerable extent
determined;
to
the
The meaning of
The
I.
where it The
cited
grammar.
name of a a woman.
place, n.
n.
denotes the
f.
n. pr.
that of
^Q
\
( 48, for
^)
goose (abbr.
hour.
cease, or sim.
n.
1.
i6-
Ele-
fj
f^^^ phantine.
n.
1.
9b-dw
u^
T
1
Abydos,
roast.
43*
Sd
angry?
perish,
to
outrage?
be
(abbr,) to load.
0!
Ibdw
count.
Ay^
/ij?
160) come,
2^^^
^n.l.
branch,
tfd
I]
chest.
307
orsim.
(Ill ae gem.)
im-i
grow
old.
w
\\
-\\-W
(arch.ij-
-135)
existent in.
iSr-t
^^
c^
\
frait,
III
orsim.
n) call.
tmBm
^'^
"^
^^^1;^^;
(29.
(cc.
157) tent.
1
ilV
someone,
( 168. 220.
f.)
to be.
ImBh
fl
(abbr.
'')
venerableness.
iw
iwt-i
come
t^
to anyone.
t^
( 378. 379)
he
100)
honored
(cc.
hr:
who
twt-t
'
has not.
by anyone).
^^^^(380) nothing.
182 B.) give,
(
set, cause.
64A) meat.
^mn
ih
\\
(abbr.
||)
V" heart.
Amon.
44*
that which pertains to
imn-y
tmn'fi
If^^Nl n. pr.
ft
m. ( 100).
any one,
existent in the west;
is
his duty.
inf.
.<2>- (Illae.
;
151)
;
I'W
hnti tmnt'iw "he who
at
e.
the
'0
dead)".
1
( 137)
III
/CiO
Imn-tt
the west.
deaf,
irt-t
1
oo
V Oi
1
iC^i
Imr-w
in
AAAAAA
or
ih
milk.
Sim. sim.
314. 350. 357.
"^^
(abbr.)
ox
cf. Ari.
ih-w
IX
Jl ^^mentalin-
in-t
AA/V\AA
I
kind of
fish.
firmity or sim.
ih
in
Jj
( 160)
bring on
thither,
ih-t
I I I
or near; bring
lead away.
^64^
thing.
I
inwk
inb
(abbr.) wall.
ihil)
shine,
be ex-
celleut or sim.
that which
ih-tO)
brilliant,
is
ex-
inr
nnni
stone.
cellent or sim.
ins-t
1
AAAAAA
J> Sim.
n. pr.
ihf
HAAAAAA
^^.1=
inundatI
WAAA
AAAAAA
intf
'^
m.
ed land, or sim.
et
f.
319.
Ir
yr'i
IT
~]T' J\ hasten.
'1
Tamarisk.
46*
100)
pr.m.
issl
(I
1 I
%()
itf
J1 king or sim.
cf. it.
(I
n. pr.
ctn-w
tstw
DY\^^(CC.H)
toward,
or
c^ 323.
excellent or aim;
H
refractory
ckr
\
It
^^ barley. o
o o
be excellent.
sim.
itl Ifi -jj-'rn
take
away;
M7i
It
spend (time).
( 31) father;
Itn
O sun.
(Dual
-fl'tkw
)
rj
a
"Sn-
strike
or
_M^
sim.
arm.
Ar-C,
tely;
hr-Cw'i
immediaass.
Q.
member.
chamber,
small
Ar) to please?
c^ \
Bedouin
C-t
or
on house
sim.
^^
uninjured, or sim
CS-hpr-
^t^
ca
-fl
/I 1
V\2i
*^^
sim.
'^*>
Thutmosis'
I.
CCb
n.pr.f.
Ci.fei._^
up I
J^comb?
braid?
*46
GLOSSARY.
Cw-t
Y
"Kv
animals.
Crr-1/t
<=^[ll
lace or sim.
pa-
CwB
CU
) rob, plunder.
Ql^
to contend.
CwB
f[
Ch9
Q^^
[Kx
.
a combat.
_MAAAAAA
Si
J]
ber.
Cwn
Cwn- lb
Ch^-w
ChC
arrow, or
sim. stand.
deceitfulness, or sim.
J
a
Cb9
Cff
JA^
Y
sacrifici-
J\ ChCn
Tk
230
ff.
al tablet.
ChC-w
fly,
Q
1
time, or sim.
(pi.)
or sim.
:^=i
Cm-mw'inn-Si
AAA/VNA
ChC-w
1
I
quan-
tity,number.
A^^AAA
HI
p)
AA/\AAA
or Sim.
n. pr. ( 70).
m.
ChC ChC
Chn-wtl
p)
^^1
nru
a
kind of ship.
Cnh
T
-?-(
'"'''
T'^
palace.
live (cc.
m on anything).
5^ d'^'II
AAAAAA
_Z1
snb
sound,
X
healthy" (as adjunct to
royal name).
109
)
AA/WV Ol U
royal chamber.
Cnh
Cnttw
oath.
I
numerous,
many.
V-^
ear.
A
myrrh,
enter.
CZD
Ck-w
I I 1
Plur.:
food.
Cr
goat, or sim.
CHiOeSART.
47*
w
I
\
80.
(sic,
contrary to
S51) districtjOrsim,
wB
<^^
Pf]^4^
<C
_
(abbr.
wC
abbr.
|)
( 116)
one
(as
subst.).
f] ^
^
I
I I
(abbr.
=5=
)
I
wC
( 143)
way, road.
one
(as adj.).
w^-wt-
wCb
I I I
pure, clean.
Er
wCb
abbr .)n.,.
wCf
to increase;
caus.
(^
to bend,
\>=/l or sim.
)
household
sw^h
U'^h-'i
to visit, or aim.
servant, cook.
fl
chamber
1
i,
nrz2
in the palace.
*^^" ^^ ^^^ late, or sim.
wp-tvt
message.
wp-w^wtX/^:^
J^=^
(abbr.
%^^
_zr
^:^) name
god of the dead.
of a
w^s-t
wf^
flm
wBd
w^dic
o
^""^'
praise,
III
applause, or sim.
to praise, or sim.
green.
Jl L__J
or sim.
'
wn
green cosmetic.
^^
AftAA/V\
(Ilae gem.) to be
48*
QLOSSABT.
41-^
-^^^
AAAAAA
(for
-f
hour.
wsr
p.-^"
mXt-BC
wsrtsn
(abbr.)
name
II.
of
Bamses
n.
ton) e^t.
^^'
pr.m.
di
AAAAAA
lontc-f
"jlc
<0
i<:
wsh
broad.
twiw-f
-^^
lay
wC
dSSU. \>
bite, or sim.
priesthood, or sim.
also of itching.
t^nn-nfr^l"^^
AAA'VSA
name
wih
of Osiris.
W^J X
sim.
^^^^^
to
answer.
magnate.
weakness, indolence, or
,
in titles
also
!^) great.
(niae
inf.)
X
throw, (also of emission
of a cry).
wrh
anoint.
^_fC=3a
tvrS
wdn
spend
day.
to rest, or
the
Jl
/wvAAAvli
or Sim.
inf.)
>o
lord
wd
(57 Illae
command.
(abbr. I) cHj _ _ _ be well, be fortunate;
sim.
wdB
8wd^
lb
hr to rejoice the
100)
Bedouin
w8-ir IrO)
jj
tribe.
Osiris.
communicating
thing.
some-
wsm
wsr
F^
1
I
silver- gold
wdB
wdC-t
go.
alloy.
ai
forsaken
one??
GLOSSARY.
49*
J
h^-t
J (^^^ or
W
VC\
branch,
|
htn
^j^
cf. 6/ ^^^ jj^
hw
hole.
J^
l|
I I
place ( 103).
( 28) date.
bnrt
hBh
btiTi
date wine.
(abbr.
in
JiA,
bhs
dr bsh
315.
J
bi-t
70|
I
<
honey. Egypt.
1%
bk
calf.
bk(bikl)'^^
"-
servant;
"the
i.
cm
servant
ID
bt-ti
there"
bd-t
e.
"I."
king of lower
'^
l^"^^"^^ iO o o o
I
spelt (kind
of wheat).
pt
D
t
^
heaven,
)
p D
pr
^^
(
I
house,
P^
PU)
;J^
%
U
t]
"^
87.
P'>'-H
CTID ?
house"
imi
i.
"silver
e.
treasury.
inf.)
Py
M>
flea.
^
pry
^^^A
go
out,
(Illae
depart (from
pn
D
AAftAAA
Erman,
^^
prominent??
Eg:ypt.
gramm.
Dd
50*
pr't
GLOSSART.
^^>o
'^\J/'\\\
winter (one of
D
phr-t
<=
I
pr4
vrt-Snw ^
(abbr.) fruits.
L&>
I
(abbr.
O) remedy.
>lll
V _MI1I|
/>
"hair
Mil
p7ir-t(l)
I
g
I 1
troop, or
sim.
fruit"
fruit.
as
name
of
ps
<"'"*
n 3
f(?)
ph
ph-U
T
d|
^'4
( 159) to
cook
ctpfst.
bite.
""^"'-^
psJi
pk-t
l.^T
D
finest
j
I
linen.
-^^
(abb'^- *3^)
ptn
(\/\ri n.
1.
dual: strength.
pth-Mp
divide
is satisfied" n. pr.
Ph^
m.
/
/'
^^
glad".
n. pr.
belong, large,
/fi n.
m. ; pr1.
fnd
loosen; go fur-
fb
fd
sents, or sim.
m
307.
Negation
375.
GLOSSARY.
51*
183 behold.
mt-tw
mi mSw
^
self,
new.
\P^\ one
like
( 135.
^ 137).
.^1
recur.
(I^
renew
ml-tt
^^|^(137)thatwhich
is
like (something);
mi
mBC
^'^
^^
offer
in
^e
gem.)
mttt "likewise".
see.
mc-w
up something.
o
AAAAAA
daily (food).
III
etc. of.
mnt.
true.
312.
m^Ct
for
P|48(abbr.^^)
truth, justice.
m^C-t
(abbr.)
goddess of
'1
trnvt
mother,
Yl truth.
miChrw
(abbr.
die.
"true of
m m
>'*m^
315.
voice"
i.
e.
declared
mn mn
i'^^*^
(i^^^
remain.
abbr.)
dead.
mi/t
'f\
bum, or
sim.
^^%6
obj,:
'
'
suffer
(cc.
v
ml
^l^inhhr.
with something.)
/~^
0)314
mn-t
diseased
AAA/v\A
^tt^ place.
Dd*
52*
'
GLOSSARY.
mni
{mini)
''
'
AAAAAA
qi
(
(cc.
62)
mr-tO)
'
marry, or sim.
anyone).
mni
(mini)
a^^
/wvAAA
land
mr
kind
of
mnl4
(mlnfi)
/w^A^^
^^^l\^^ ^11
?
abbr.^ (Ulae
love,
inf.)
to
musical instrument.
desire;
mr^
ntr
ntn-w
i^^^
104 A)
plur.
(mlnWi)DOD monuments.
mnmn-t
^r^^^^lher*!'
mrc
mrw'itnsi
''^^(If
Egypt.
mnh
sim.;
excellent,
or
ex-
caus.
make
cellent.
<CZ>
-21
AA/\AAA
CU.
mntw
1.1
c^
1^
jju
god
war.
n. pr.
m.
01
mry-t
mrh-t
"^^[JH^dyke.
mr
K^ii^)
overseer.
grease, oil.
mr mr mr
canal.
Vft
people, sim.
"'^^^^
or
mh
fill,
sill
?
be sad.
be
full.
be
sick,
x=>^
mh-tt
northern, north
( 137).
OW
(Illae
--^
mr
^^fe^
mourning,
suffering.
ms
inf.)
bear, give
mr
birth to.
GLOSSABY.
53*
ms-io
mtn
AAAAAA
i
(T"^
way, road.
J
ren.
I
o
ms-yt
ipijlj
1^
mtn
I
kind
of
)|
^^ ~^ J\
instrument).
mtr
bring
give
testi-
mony
(cc,
obj.
about
anyone).
m tB
msdm-t
II
eye
cosmetic.
to
challenge?? to insult??
msdd
Ulllaegem.)
il
mdw
md-t
{mdw-tl)l}
speak.
to hate.
speech,
mk
mt
a
( 13
B) pro-
c^
affair.
tect.
matter,
mdni-t
^
^^
'^
'(?)
III
^^^^
(]
j^
n.
1.
n
n'i
/wwv\
AAAAAA
306.
nCC
of.
nd.
^
n-tCi)
-^
^
AAAAAA
nCffwl
abbr. powder, or
r^
'-' Ill
O
H
Sim.
1
AAAAAA
city.
ny-t
Ij
kernel, grain,
or Sim.
n-fi
134 urban.
nB
1K
94.
lord, master.
64*
nh-kBwT}^ BC
GLOSSARY.
^ O ^
^ ^ ^^^^^^
\
I
i
I I
III
unknown
everj', all.
name
king.
w7m
-Dtakeaway,
-S'^
or sim.
of an
nb nb
nb-p
^^^
nhh
gold.
f^^^^^^iii
V j eternity.
nh-tvt
FS^
t
[J (J
goldsmith.
^
X
)
I I I
com-
Hi' plaint ?
(/vwvvN n
nfr
"^^^
(t abbr. 199).
nhb-t
titulary. alary.
nmi
cry out,
(
^^\
(1
to
low.
nht
be strong,
(^>=/l abbr.)
stifif.
AAAAAA
_ [=^^
^
.Oil
I
(cf.
sC)
name
of
nht
nht
^-^fc/^M5ihero.
the Bedouins.
W=^
i:2i
abbr.
victory.
might,
***^^
I ^v I f^
AAA/WA
/OS
^orphan.
nht
ns
strength,
nsr-t
AAA/\AA
"^^^^ n, pr. m.
nn
AAA/WA'
nr
<c=:>
^
O
'^
( 139) possess.
manhood, or
[^ flame (as
sim.
nh
nh-w
AAAAAA
(iJ
name
lack, mis-
"^^111 something.
pent, the
symbol of the
royal rank).
ra
or sim. nh-t
fortune,
ngS-w
n.
^^ ^ ^^
1.
a U sycomore.
nti
nt-t
AAA/v^A
401
flf,
55*
ICpH
nt-pr-hd
103)
nd
triturate
1
e.
costly
furnishing, or sim.
the palette).
sweet.
ntf
o
c^
AAAAA^
84.
ndm
ndm
ndnd
nts
aaaaaap^ sprinkle?
be well.
AAAAA^ AAAAAA
I
ntk
84.
to counsel, or
AAAAAA
r\
ntr
1(10 god.
^t|lj^
littleness,
sire
nds
be small.
"#-
<=>
<:Z>
308.
rC-msof
particle
em-
sw
rw-t
jlP^n.pr.m. Bamses.
exterior,
phasis
ri'(?)
.
( 348. 349).
mouth, opening.
ri"
or sim.
rwt'i
writ part
In
n Ktnt
affairs??
of the palace.
language??
In
rS n
wBt
rC
<=>'^(|j^
rwd
(irreg.)
sun, sungod.
(most
grow; caus
proper
names
made
srivd
and
srd:
make
grow, restore.
66*
GLOSSARY.
rpC.n
^
sim.
bility).
(^
(title
abbr.)
\
^p-t ['^
year.
([o,
[,
[g)
hereditary
prince,
or
of the no-
rh
know, be learned.
^
121.
cans,
de-
r-pw
r-pn-t
I
0\\%
AA/^A^^S
I
^li nounce.
rh
^^^~>
scholar, wise
>r man.
unknown
local
name.
south,
o
cf. tp-rs.
r-pr
I
I
4>
Oj
rs-wt
(niaeinf.)
Sill
southern grain, ^
i. e.
barley.
temple.
v\
lov.
weep.
f/c
,o
^
^
a
time of anything,
epoch.
<? legs, feet.
rmt
'^^^jD
64.
97)
-<i
people.
rit
/SAAft/\AC_l!
^
aJ
cf. di.
\a/VAAAA XA/VAAAAy
\l^
h ra
h^
HJ
^\ j\
descend, (also
1
^
1-5^
to
band.
hb
'vN""^^^
pi.
rn
plow?
h^'W
rU^X
rU^^.
time
hp
^^ law,
'
or place of a thing.
hnw
^ O V\ earthen vessel.
/T
I
^b
La J
send, send
AAAAAA
as messenger.
hrw
^^
(Oabbr.)day.
57*
h
h-t
\
I
hb
Jffi
A
-idJ
feast cf.Ar-A6.
lit
ntr temple.
particle
(?)
Ai
1i/^'fex^d()
/]
'
mourn for?
^5s
iJP N
*o clothe.
increase, addition.
I I
garment.
embrace.
h^k
AC
"
^
a
I
take
booty.
as
^_
Q
body.
nut
serpent.
hC
(?)
Am
hm-t
^t\ N,
rudder.
hC-t
^
o^
I
beginning;
woman,
wife.
hCt
and hr hCt
315.
hCfi
hCp
hCti
^
fl
hm^-t
!
salt.
of the nobility).
n AAAAAA
obstruct,
/\ AAAAAA
or
^
o\\
sim.
(cir-
AAAAAA Nile.
hn
heart.
=^ !^
strike.
majesty or sim.
'-n\^'i
hivr-w
pauper.
(m
hn
AAAAAA
slave, servant.
hnC
^
Q
hnw
\^ O^'^'^^^
things,
58*
Ci
yC.
GLOSSARY.
A/W\AA
hnn-stn
J.
I
^J
AA/\AAA
J-1
'^
n.l.
[hr-w^wt]
hs
cf.
iv^-wt.
(III
ae
inf.)
(Heracleopolis). !0
to pi-aise.
hns
narrow.
to
offer,
hst
n
I
hnk
AAAAW C
present.
^iii
Qj\
approbair
^1
hntSsw
"=5=1^^
bed?
hsst
praise,
AAAAA^ L^
^^
lizard.
or sim.
1
praised.
hr
hr-t
^
I
309.
^
i^
w
g
existent
hs
_/j
approach, or
sim.
above
upper
part.
hsb
,
O)
w
.
abbr.
cf.
reckoning,
kr-w
tp-hsb.
hr-dSd^'^^
hri-dBdS "^
315
j
hsmn
AAAAAA
vii/
I I I
^ chief
vilo Q
Vvy/
III
overlord.
abbr.
natron.
)
superior
m-t
316.
name
goddess.
of a
hr-yt
^
n-i
I
hk-t
terror,
I
^11!
abbr.
\
a>
beer.
ruler, prince.
hr
hr-nb
title
Horus,
king.
title
of tbe
hkS
of the king.
M)
OLOSSABT.
59*
hJcn^
A AAAAAA
o"^ ^praise.
/T
yW
htm
cans, destroy, or sim.
o
Mp-t
htp
be
satisfied,
n
hdbl
oflfering.
o
o
ntr
D,
feiJVi
arrive at??
(cc.
hr)
'(
I 1 I
Vo
D
htp
the
hd
hd
abbr.
offering;
(for
offering
lessen, or sim.
gods).
h
h-t
m and
hw8
,p^
pi^v
)
(for
An
cf. iht.
build.
thousand.
hpr
^
be;
(^
abbr.) become,
h^w
hSm T %
droop, or sim
let (the
himself;
create.
shpr
arms)
hprt
h^r-t
wi-
(^
Or?
1
^^
that
1
which
happens.
hCte
S e
ons.
dow.
(S I
abbr.) shine.
I
7. 313.
c^
pi.
111
ness; coronation;
bright-
hfn
^^
( 7)
enemy,
weap-
hm
not to know.
Au;-(?)C^'^
the bad.
hm
Ignorant one.
60*
GLOSSARY.
km
limC
'M
C^=^
c>,
be hot.
-
hnt-i
flee?
,a
[\
existent in front,
cf.
hntt tmntiw
J\
hms
fl
Imnti.
attack?
hnt
bend,
hnty-t
harem.
bow, or sim.
hmt
think, intend or
journeyup-stream, jour-
nn
vK ^A
apparent-
hnd
d^ ^ ^
(on anything).
Step
ly a pleonastic addition
hr
hr-t
311.
hn n mdivt
mdwt.
hnt'i
for
simple
that belonging to something, msio
hit
^W
figure, statue.
hn
hn-w AT>
AAAAA^
(cc.
m) meet,
n hrt
upon, or sim.
hr
hr
of the king.
J^ ^^
..
to fall.
325.
hn-Cl
-
interior
Qt
i.
of
hr
hr-'i
^
/I\
310.
the arms,
e.
embrace?
having something.
hnmw
hnms
Q^ j|
AAAAAA VJ
<:zr>
god Chnum.
hr-t-hrio
/i\
e
I
<=>
ra <=:
is
o
(lit.
_Cr^
that which
I
daily ;
friend, or sim.
hnt
hrw
61*
hrp
lb
be
first;
hrp
possessed of a good
dis-
understanding and
position, or sim.
sacrifice.
;
^^
pulse;
(cc.
obg.)
to re-
offer,
(cc.
n)
punish
anyone, or sim.
(for
hr-hb
X
ksm
holy
holies in the temple,
of
kind of priest.
ht
tree,
wood.
hrd
hf
hh
hs
Ill if
I
aP^
abbr.^ children.
315
afterward, future.
to
neck.
hd
inf.)
journey
^^ (niae
down
stream, journey
be wretched.
toward north.
and
fl
[st-ir]
[j-<S5-
cf.
Ws-tr.
8-t
i
Ir'i
seat, place
m st
si
'5 back;
sB % 315
son.
correct,
s-t-C
i
kind of
s-t-wrt
Imiiw st-C
priest.
sB-nht
AXn.pr.
ra^y^
daughter.
m.
l|^^^=f_^1 name
in.
of
J
s-t-Hr
fl
the
throne.
^v
*^^^*
*^^
goose
(cf.
Bpd).
62*
si
(cc.
m)
s6i
^ ^\
r train
to teach; cc.
as. (trans.)
sbS-w
^^'^^
'^
i==3
teach-
ing. (substantive?)
sbB-yt
teach-
mg.
door.
designation of anything
bad.
to
shB
y\ cry out.
S^k
together, or sim.
StJ?
draw
sbh
m
^
II
( 62)
recognize.
inspection,
su
2, sign
that the
is
sip-n
ll(J"\\i
]iz^
preceding
word
to
or aim.
be repeated in reading;
sp
]
swnl
swrt
80.
pw
for
the intro-
duction of a courteous
n.
1.
proposal ("here
is
.
an
opportunity to
to drink.
.").
spr
s6
-TT-
1^
lead.
rive at.
spr
I I
^ (cc. n) request
ill
anyone.
J^
lice ? ?
8f
yesterday.
GLOSSARY.
63*
bro-
sfisf^?)^
sm-t
^'^^^
<)
be mild, or
foreign
sn
^11 sim.
desert,
1^
(I
P'
ther;
^^^^-^
ion. companion
c^
land.
lit.
swi-fi
i
land";
"uniting of
local
snwh
AAAAAA
1^
sim.
cf.
to
unknown
warm, cook, or
designation.
p7'|(|la6br.)b,
i.
smB-id'i
^^
of
uniter,
e.
lord
snbt
healthy,
r\
Cnh.
upper
and
lower
AAAAAA
Pi
M
r
Egypt.
sniB
to slaught^.
J
AAAAAA
(1
n. pr.
m.
.sy
snbw
snf
|1
^n.pr.m.
rt^^^^
smi
AAAAAA
cream, or sim.
-i^^^oj^
blood.
fill
sntr
AAAAAA <
smwn
-*^\
/\
pro.
>|
in-
bably an expression of
deprecation
(like,
sntr
cense.
"Per-
snd
^^q7\
to fear.
"perhaps").
smr
)
snd
a rank
abbr,
?
at court
I
AAAA/V\
cans, ssn
breathe.
prince,
or sim. (desig-
nation of an officer of
n
AAAAAA
_/Ji
to trespass.
rank).
sn-nw
10
the
( 145).
second
shw
HWi
unite.
64*
aLOSBABT.
sh-Vi
W
\
peasant.
8t-lW
(cc. obj.)
Bedouins.
remember anything.
memory.
St^
tO
swelling.
shm
shr
y W=/l mighty,
or sim.
y^mA iA
J
bring
overlay
with.
stwh
to treat
v^
A
cf.
open.
(medically) or sim.
stp
nd.
{!>
abbr.)
select.
scribe.
stn
lead.
I
AAAAAAVJ.
AAAAAA
Ci
abbr.
king of upper
8sm-w
leader.
Egypt, king.
8tny-t
luOo
c-"=^^
1
kingdom.
clothe,
is-t
n^
sical
musd
~*^ f^ijp
^
instrument of the
(sistrumi).
or sim.
hear.
women
skm
sdm sdm
^^^.
metic
apply
to.
cos-
1^
1
82.
sdr
St
,abbr. be at night;
"*^ ^
shoot.
to sleep.
65*
s
c^^p"^ swine.
Sms.o
^\a'^{^\')
servant.
KV
or sim.
food,
ms-Er
follower
of Horus,
i.
=^
Mil'
sC
Ill
dig, or
e.
people
^W=^
sand.
sim.
of mythic time.
X r^.
m)
free
(nae gem.)
ho
-^^^
(cc.
from.
sw
p^d,..
cnn"^^^^M^i
Sn-w
^
A/SA/SAA
^\\
)
)
abbr.
hair.
humSnw-tS
I
IC\,
I
rank)?
hair"
that which
I
I
In nil name of
"groundfruit
M\
is
I
i^v-i
S gn^nv X
courtiers.
ss
con.
splendid, or sim. as
designation
of
food
r-vr
nC
of
I'-^-O
designation
like,
locality
Sfto-t
the
"margin" or sim.
itch, or sim.
Sndyt
9
AAAAAA
e^y^'Tf'
I
Sm
^^
(IHae
go,
inf.)
go anyone, go away.
to
i^
sr
*^^^-) *P^o-
Smw
\\
AAAAAA
summer
-^^
be small.
(one
of
Ss^
U
I
I
fine linen.
I I
Erman,
Egrypt. gianim.
66*
GLOSSARY.
rrri
I^\M:'- tl
D
form,
figure
cleverness, or sini.
of a god, or sim.
I
r^^-
receive; ssp
\\
D
Jcsiv
n. pv.
f.
crouch, or sim.
A
A
abbr.
\
.11
create.
Ofl
315.
kn
X
AAAAAA
be strong.
%,
boat, or sim.
kl
bad, or sim.
A
\\
kd
J^ AAAAAft
AA^/V\A
circle; personality.
kbb
Cans, skd to
sail.
C^^
(lit.
perhaps "bath"?
cooling, or sim).
kdm
sP^^n.
^
u
I
1.
(nnR
east?)
k-y
im.,
f.,
/c^
j^
spirit
kind
of
^q.
^^^1 pi. another,
fei
ai human
"Ht?T> steer.
kt-iht
I 1
others.
1
I
k^ij-t
U
Vtx
'
dun<:.
or sim.
(CO. obj.)
black
cf.
km
think (of something).
jiL
skm.
GLOSSARY.
67*
km-t
ks-to
^^z::^U^rh
incli-
o
^
Egypt.
g
g^-U
(3
S
g*'
Q -'^K,.
designation
s
nb-sgr
be
silent,
of something injurious,
Kaus. sgr to
silence.
name
of Osiris.
logB,
mo
Z5
(1
%^
find,
J
321.
name
of
a plant.
s X^
grg
furnish
establish
pr
household.
abbr.
come upon.
ffrg
ill
"
ffs
side,
half,
r gs
catch sight
of.
315.
gmv
"-^
AAAAAA
^
anoint.
t
V H
uy
of a bird
^
tiv
80.
cf.
bread.
earth, land.
(ttch)
stwh.
statue.
s:
twt
DmxADx s)
boundary.
tp
upon
316.
.314;
tp
Be*
68*
tp
tp rs southern pro-
tn
86.
vince,
or sim.
tp hsb
correct
computation,
the-first, first
tn
AA^AA^
I I
80
correctness.
tp-'i
^
D
/^\
tniv n.
1.
r^^^
c^
\\ \ll/ month.
tnt
tp'iwCtv'i
A
1
i^
I
old age. or
AA/SAAA
Jl sim.
ancestors.
tr
tp-t
CI
q9
of
oil.
head.
time.
tp-tt
kind ^?^)ki
I
th close up,
<^^ to
AAAAAA
trespass.
/~\
tm
tm
tkn
(cc.
"^^"-^^v"^^^ or
^11
"
sim.
tti
[1
7^
proach
n. pr.
m)
aji-
^\
Negation
377.
376,
tm
m.
rcll
t ^
take.
ts
ZI
^^^"^^^
I
raise, lift
up.
J dress hair,
or sim.
highest
official,
i
vertebra of the
spinal column.
fg^^
\\
i=>=3-f\
/
proverbs.
-?
(vizier, or sim.).
tsw
officer,
r or sim.
man, male
child.
tsm
i:^ hound.
difV
1T^
constrain, compel, or sim.
d^b
figs.
JO
GLOSSARY.
69*
dl
A
rdi,
(a
D,
fl)
(also
dbB-i
dldi
160):
give;
payment,
aim.
income,
or
back
let?,"
stop up.
rdtt
in
order that.
didt
dpt
Do
^"^^
^/
\A taste.
l^iiid
dpt
didlw
n. pr.
D
m.
w^
of
ship.
dm
make mention,
to name.
dtvS
i<
O morning.
dm I
r\A
praise;
c-'=^
1/
(J
fl
touch,
dwS-t
i<
meet with, or
part
of
sim.
Chnwfi dwJt
the palace.
dion
dml
dr
(cc.
\\
city.
^^
A/^\AAA
spread
out.
hr)
expell
from,
do
horn.
'
vanquish, or sim.
dkr
^=^>
A d?=
see.
fruit.
dbS
restore, pay.
dgS
dt
o^
eternity.
1
dBls-io
''^"^
(l-t
a^wj
1
coll.
peasantj
v.
ry,
orsim.
X
sail across.
o
a
fruit.
name of
III
70*
ds-
^^
85.
self.
kind of
d\o
,/K J yy
.
vessel.
dsr
J
wind.
^|]
(Wabbr.)
or
sim.
magnificent,
dhS
dfB
cf. rfZ/i.
name
of the
food.
'"'-=*.
speak, say.
Caus.
drw
boundary, end, or sim.
dr
its
(Id
r-=^ \ to talk.
ddw
(I
(^ r drf
end)
i.
as far as
^ n.
ddb
1.
(Busiris).
e. all,
whole.
dr
dlmti-
314
cf.
hSh.
pr.
^^
as
1_
_Q
occurring
to
"as-
ms
parallel
semble".
instrument.
or sim.
in
village, or
the
day
(only
sim
dates).
UNKNOWN READING.
kind of
cry.
n^.
.kind of under
L
official.
UNIVERSITY OF
TORONTO LIBRARY
\^i^^^