EPA Tableur - Valorisation Matière & Recyclage

Estimating the Environmental Benefits of Source Reduction,
Reuse, and Recycling

An Environmental Benefits Calculator
Updated by Northeast Recycling Council, Inc. (NERC)

© September 2006
What Does the Calculator Do?
NERC’s Environmental Benefits Calculator (in Microsoft Excel 2003; part of Office Professional
Edition 2003) generates estimates of the environmental benefits of a study area, based on the
tonnages of materials that are source reduced, reused, recycled, landfilled, or incinerated
(includes waste-to-energy). The Calculator is based on per ton figures of the estimated energy
use and emissions from several lifecycle analysis studies. The estimates are average figures
based on "typical" facilities and operating characteristics existing in the United States. Factors
that are not included in this Calculator are landfill gas recovery and generation of electricity by
waste-to-energy. The Calculator incorporates U.S. EPA's most recent WARM Calculator, as well
as, facts and figures for the US Department of Energy, Steel Recycling Institute, Glass Packaging
Institute, and US Climate Technology Cooperation Gateway, to name a few. More facts and
figures can be found cited throughout the Calculator.
The Output Tables provided by the Calculator and the accompanying Fact Sheet are intended to
be used as references by waste prevention officials and advocates in preparing outreach
materials such as press releases, presentation slides, educational curricula, and articles.
Completed Fact Sheets on the ten Northeast states can be found on NERC's website at
www.nerc.org. By documenting some of the more important benefits of source reduction, reuse
and recycling, the Calculator can be used to educate the public, legislators and others about
these benefits, assist state and municipal employees to better understand the impacts of their
waste management programs, support market development efforts, and to increase the public’s
understanding of source reduction, reuse and recycling as a sustainable environmental strategy.
Northeast Recycling Council, Inc. (NERC) 1 About This Model

© September 2006
What Has Been Updated Since the Last Version?
NERC has updated its Environmental Benefits Calculator (EBC) so that it remains the most
comprehensive and current EBC available in the United States. EPA has made several major
revisions to its Waste Reduction Model (WARM), which is one of the major analytical tools
embedded in the EBC. NERC also reviewed and updated calculations and figures from other
sources. The following are the updates made to NERC's EBC:
• The addition of aluminum scrap metal, copper wire, and tires to the material types.
• Updated the greenhouse gas emissions and energy factors to match the latest WARM Model.
• Revised figures for energy use for an average household for one year, an average passenger
car for one year, and energy content of gasoline.
• The following charts were added: How is Waste Diverted?; Impacts of Source
Reduction/Reused and Disposal on GHG (MTCE/Year); and Impacts of Source Reduction/Reuse
and Disposal on Energy Use (Million BTU/Year).
• Added glass recycling environmental benefits.
• Revised and automated the accompanying EBC Fact Sheet.
• To make the EBC more user-friendly, the list of materials have been placed in logical groupings,
and the Environmental Benefits charts have been separated and made larger.
The biggest change to the EBC is the addition of five new environmental impact tables:
• Table 8: Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as of a Result of Recycling Items in a
Typical Curbside Set-Out Container
• Table 9: Energy Savings as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical Curbside Set-Out
Container
• Table 12: Natural Resource Savings as a Result of Steel Source Reduction and Reuse
• Table 14: Number of Tree Seedlings Grown for 10 Years as a Result of Paper Recycling
• Table 15: Landfill Space Saved as a Result of Paper Recycling.
Due to a lack of available sources for updated facts and figures, the following charts have been
deleted from NERC's EBC: Life Cycle Stage Comparisons, Air Emissions and Waterborne
Waste as a Result of Recycling, and Acid Rain Emission Savings Comparison.
Who Can Use the Calculator?

The Calculator is usable by any state, region, county, town, institution, college or business in the
United States. It is limited to use in the U.S., because many of the data inputs and conversion
factors are based on U.S.-specific data and technologies. In addition, the environmental savings
presented in the Calculator are compared to state-specific data. This is important for local
governments to keep in mind.

© September 2006
U.S.-based businesses are encouraged to use the calculator to determine the environmental
benefits of recycling their office wastes and by-products. However, since recycling is only a
portion of a business’ activity, there is another model to assist in calculating the benefits of
manufacturing and purchasing recycled content materials - The ReCon Tool may be found on the
U.S.EPA Climate and Waste Program website, at
http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ActionsWasteToolsRecon.html.

© September 2006
What Information Does the Calculator Produce?
The Calculator yields the following detailed tables with accompanying descriptive charts:
1. Materials Management Overview;
2. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse;
3. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Recycling;
4. Greenhouse Gas Savings Comparisons;
5. Energy Savings as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse;
6. Energy Savings as a Result of Recycling;
7. Energy Savings Comparisons;
8. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical
Curbside Set-Out Container;
9. Energy Savings as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical Curbside Set-Out Container;
10. Energy Savings from Computer Source Reduction and Reuse;
11. Energy Savings from Computer Recycling;
12. Natural Resource Savings as a Result of Steel Source Reduction and Reuse;
13. Natural Resource Savings as a Result of Steel & Glass Recycling;
14. Number of Tree Seedlings Grown for 10 Years as Result of Paper Recycling; and
15. Landfill Space Saved as a Result of Paper Recycling.
How Do You Use the Calculator?
Go to “Worksheet 1. Data Inputs” to enter materials management data.

Worksheet 1. Data Inputs is the place to input your area's data. This includes
tonnages for source reduction, reuse, recycling, landfilling, and
incineration/waste-to-energy. See notes to the right of the blue cells in the
Step 1 “Worksheet 1. Data Inputs” for additional tips on entering the materials
management data. (If seeking state-specific materials management data and
outside of the Northeast region, contact your state recycling agency for this
information. The ten Northeast states’ data is run through the Calculator on a
yearly basis, and the Fact Sheets summarizing the results can be found on
NERC’s website at www.nerc.org.)
Also in “Worksheet 1. Data Inputs,” enter state-specific data obtained

through the Internet. This state-specific data includes statistics such as
energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions that puts your area's
Step 2 environmental benefits into context. Sources for this data and instructions for
navigating through the sites to find your state’s data are provided in each Input
Section of the worksheet. Please note: This state-specific data is already
maintained by NERC for the ten Northeast states. If your study area is within
one of these states, contact Mary Ann Remolador [MaryAnn@nerc.org] for a
partially-completed version of the Calculator that includes this data.

© September 2006
Click on "Worksheet 2. Environmental Impacts,” using the tabs at the
Step 3 bottom of the spreadsheet. This sheet provides 15 automatically-generated
tables from your inputted data. Each table is presented on a separate page
with descriptive charts.
Produce a Fact Sheet Using a Mail Merge Word File. The accompanying
Fact Sheet summarizes your area's environmental benefits from the
Calculator into narrative form. The Fact Sheet is intended to be used as a
marketing tool for educating the public about the environmental benefits of
recycling. To create your area's data-specific Fact Sheet, follow these
instructions. Save the latest version of your Calculator analysis. Open the
Step 4
blank Fact Sheet in Word. In Word, display your Mail Merge toolbar by
selecting "View" and then "Toolbars." From your Mail Merge toolbar, click on
"Open Data Source." Select the Calculator Excel file. Select "Wksh 5. Fact
Sheet Outputs" worksheet. Again from your Mail Merge toolbar, click on
"Merge to New Document." (Please note there are other routes to completing
the mail merge through the main Word toolbar under "Tools." Read through
the resulting Fact Sheet and edit it to fit your circumstances and the data you
entered. For example, if you did not enter any source reduction or reuse
figures, delete these references.)
Explanation of the Calculator Results

There are many details involved in deriving environmental benefit estimates. The Calculator uses
statistics from many sources and involves important assumptions and caveats. Following is an
explanation of each of the 15 Output Tables.
Table 1. Materials Management Overview is a restatement of the materials management data

inputted by the Environmental Benefits Calculator user.
Table 2. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Source Reduction and

Reuse is based on the data and methodology developed by the U.S. EPA1. EPA based its
calculations on data from a number of academic, government, and private sector sources. For
details on these data sources, see EPA’s “Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A
Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks” report2.

© September 2006
The reductions in emissions from source reduction are equal to the net emissions of disposed
materials and those source reduced. Emission estimates are derived from estimated impacts of
activities throughout the material life cycle. Source reduction net emissions include raw material
acquisition and manufacturing, processing, transportation, and forest carbon sequestration.
Incineration/waste-to-energy net emissions include transportation, carbon dioxide (CO2) and
nitrous oxide (N2O) from combustion, avoided utility emissions, and steel recovery. Landfill net
emissions include transportation, (CH4) from landfills, avoided CO2 emissions from energy
recovery, and landfill carbon sequestration. Column three is a weighted average of disposal
emissions, based on the ratio between landfilling and incineration/waste-to-energy.
Table 3. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Recycling is based on the

data and methodology developed by the U.S. EPA1. EPA based its calculations on data from a
number of academic, government, and private sector sources. For details on these data sources,
see EPA’s “Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of
Emissions and Sinks” report2.
The reductions in emissions from recycling are equal to the difference between the net emissions
of disposed materials and those recycled. Emission estimates are derived from estimated
impacts of activities throughout the material life cycle. Recycling net emissions include raw
material acquisition and manufacturing, processing, transportation, and forest carbon
sequestration. Incineration and waste-to-energy net emissions include transportation, CO2 and
N2O from combustion, avoided utility emissions, and steel recovery. Landfill net emissions
include transportation, CH4 from landfills, avoided CO2 emissions from energy recovery, and
landfill carbon sequestration. Column three in Table 2 is a weighted average of disposal
emissions, based on the input ratio between landfilling and incineration/waste-to-energy.
EPA’s data was used in NERC’s Calculator because it is fast becoming a standardized source for
greenhouse gas estimates used by states and other entities throughout the nation and because it
represented recent revisions based on a broad review of sources. However, it should be noted
that other sources are independently investigating the life-cycle environmental impacts of various
industry processes and waste management practices; most notably the Environmental Defense
Fund, International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI), EPA’s Office of Research
and Development, and Ecobilan.
Table 4. Greenhouse Gas Savings Comparisons compares the total greenhouse gas
reduction estimate from Table 2. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of
Source Reduction and Reuse and Table 3. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a
Result of Recycling to several other sources and sectors.

© September 2006
Table 5. Energy Savings as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse is based on energy
use estimates derived from EPA’s “Waste Management and Energy Savings: Benefits by the
Numbers” report3. The results in that paper have since been updated to reflect EPA’s revised
“WARM” model.
Table 6. Energy Savings as a Result of Recycling is based on energy use estimates derived
from EPA’s “Waste Management and Energy Savings: Benefits by the Numbers” report3. The
results in that paper have since been updated to reflect EPA’s revised “WARM” model.
Table 7. Energy Savings Comparisons compares the total energy savings estimate from Table
5a. Energy Savings as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse and Table 6a. Energy Savings
as a Result of Recycling to Statewide Energy Consumption, Statewide Energy Expenditures, and
Statewide Energy Generation.
Table 8. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as of a Result of Recycling Items in a

Typical Curbside Set-Out Container is very simliar to Table 3. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas
Emissions as a Result of Recycling, but for selected types of commodities (those typically found
in a set out container on curbside.) As in Table 3, this table is based on the data and
methodology developed by the U.S. EPA1. For details on these data sources, see EPA’s “Solid
Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks”
report2.
Table 9. Energy Savings as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical Curbside Set-Out

Container is very simliar to Table 6. Energy Savings as a Result of Recycling,but for selected
types of commodities (those typically found in a set out container on curbside). As in Table 6, this
table is based on the data and methodology developed by the U.S. EPA1. For details on these
data sources, see EPA’s “Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle
Assessment of Emissions and Sinks” report2.
Table 10. Energy Savings from Computer Reuse determines the energy savings in Million
BTUs from reusing whole computers (i.e., central processing unit, monitor and keyboard). The
energy savings is equated to oil and gas saved, as well as, the number of cars that could be
taken off the road for one year based on the amount of gasoline an average U.S. vehicle
consumes in a year.
Table 11. Energy Savings from Computer Recycling determines the energy savings in Million
BTUs from recycling whole computers. The energy savings is equated to oil and gas saved, as
well as, the number of cars that could be taken off the road for one year based on the amount of
gasoline an average U.S. vehicle consumes in a year.
Table 12. Natural Resource Savings as a Result of Steel Source Reduction and Reuse
presents estimates of resource savings associated with ferrous steel source reduction and reuse
(including: iron ore, coal and limestone).
© September 2006
Table 13. Selected Natural Resource Savings as a Result of Recycling presents estimates of
resource savings associated with ferrous steel recycling (including iron ore, coal and lime stone)
and paper recycling.
Table 14. Number of Tree Seedlings Grown for 10 Years as a Result of Paper Recycling
presents estimates of resource savings (in terms of tree growth and forest sequestration)
associated with paper recycling. The calculation involves taking U.S. EPA's forest carbon
sequestration value and dividing it by a tree seedling value. This is based on a theory that any
decrease in the production of virgin paper means that fewer trees need to be cut down. Hence,
depending on assumptions about other factors that effect forest practices, there may be more
carbon left standing in the woods for other trees to grow.
Table 15. Landfill Space Saved as a Result of Paper Recycling presents the amount of space
saved in a landfill as a result of recycling paper.
Citations
1
U.S. EPA. "WARM Online, Version 8." (June 2006). 26 June 06
http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/WARM.
2
U.S. EPA. (2002). “Solid Waste Management: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and
Sinks.” 2nd edition. EPA 530-R-02-006.
http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ActionsWasteToolsSWMGHGreport.html
3
Available online at:
http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/SHSU5C3J2J/$File/energy.pdf.

© September 2006
Estimating the Environmental Benefits of Source
Reduction, Reuse, and Recycling
© September 2006
Worksheet 1. Data Inputs

Area Being Analyzed in Area can be defined as any state, region, county, town, institution, college or business
Calculator: in the United States.
Area is in the State of:

Date of Calculator Analysis:
Input I. Materials Management Statistics

On this sheet, enter your area's material management data in the blue cells.
Data Source(s):
Reporting Year:
MATERIAL TYPE Tons Recycled1
Aluminum Cans
Steel Cans May include tin and bi-metal cans.2
Glass May include glass containers & other glass.2
HDPE
LDPE
PET
Corrugated Cardboard May include boxboard & Kraft paper.2
Magazines/Third-class Mail May include coated paper & junk mail.2
Newspaper
Office Paper May included high grade paper.2
Phonebooks
Textbooks
Northeast Recycling Council, Inc. (NERC)

Page 9 Wksht 1_ Data Inputs
© September 2006
Whole Computers Whole computers only (monitor, CPU, mouse and keyboard); no other electronics.4
Food Scraps
Yard Trimmings May include other yard waste & Christmas Trees.2,4
Grass
Leaves
Branches
May include steel, iron, and other ferrous metals. Items may include white goods, oil
Ferrous Scrap Metal filters and propane tanks.4
Aluminum Scrap Metal

Copper Wire May include copper scrap.
Tires
Only the tonnage recycled is reported in the Environmental Impacts. Be aware of
Construction & Demolition double-counting aggregate and clay bricks.
Carpet
Wood that has been milled to certain dimensions (i.e., "two by fours") for use in
Dimensional Lumber structures. May include any solid wood products.2,4
Defined as particle board or pressed chipboard. Also, defined as the glued and
compressed wood (chipped and finely ground) material. It is relatively fine-grained (as
Medium-density Fiberboard compared to particle board where you can visibly see the wood chips) that is also used
in furniture.4
Clay Bricks
Aggregate (crushed rock or similar) obtained from concrete recovery. Be aware of
Aggregate potential double-counting issue with C&D.4
The fly ash category is specific to Portland cement displacement (the ash is produced
by coal-fired power plants). Certain types of fly ash (class C and F) possess the same
Fly Ash characteristics as Portland cement and are able to be substituted for use in concrete
manufacture.4
Mixed Paper May include any combination of mixed paper grades (broadly defined). 2
Assumes of 29% aluminum and 71% steel. May include unknown metal types or cans
Mixed Metals and junked autos. Junked autos can also be placed in ferrous scrap metal, older cars
are made of steel, while newer ones have some aluminum components.2,4
Based on the following percent of total MSW recovery by material in 2003: 19% PET,
Mixed Plastics 21% HDPE, and 7% LDPE. May include unknown plastic resins, PVC/vinyl,
polypropylene, polystyrene, or other plastic.5

© September 2006
Based on the following percent of total MSW recovery by material in 2003: 47%
corrugated cardboard, 23% newspaper, 9% office paper, 5% glass, 6%
Mixed Recyclables magazines/third-class mail, 3% steel cans, 3% Dimensional Lumber, 1% aluminum
cans, 2% plastic, 1% phonebooks/textbooks.5 May also include recyclables from a single
stream collection.
Mixed Organics Average of food discards and yard trimmings. May include unknown organic types.2
Recyclables other than those listed above, e.g., batteries or commingled containers.
Other Recyclables Only the tonnage recycled is reported in the Environmental Impacts.
Total Tons Recycled 0 Do not input directly because the Calculator will automatically compute.
Tons Source Reduced &

MATERIAL TYPE
Reused6
Aluminum Cans
Steel Cans May include tin and bi-metal cans.2
Glass May include glass containers & other glass.2

HDPE
LDPE
PET
Corrugated Cardboard May include boxboard & Kraft paper.2
Magazines/Third-class Mail May include coated paper & junk mail.2
Newspaper
Office Paper May include high grade paper.2
Phonebooks
Textbooks
Whole Computers Whole computers only (monitor, CPU, mouse and keyboard); no other electronics.4
May include steel, iron, & other ferrous metals. Items may include white
Ferrous Scrap Metal goods.4
Aluminum Scrap Metal

Copper Wire May include copper scrap.

© September 2006
Tons Source Reduced &
MATERIAL TYPE
Reused6
Tires
Only the tonnage source reduced is reported in the Environmental Impacts. Be aware of
Construction & Demolition double-counting aggregate and clay bricks.
Carpet
Wood that has been milled to certain dimensions (i.e., "two by fours") for use in
Dimensional Lumber structures. May include any solid wood products.2,4
Defined as particle board or pressed chipboard. Also defined as the glued and
compressed wood (chipped and finely ground) material. It is relatively fine-grained (as
Medium-density Fiberboard compared to particle board where you can visibly see the wood chips) that is also used
in furniture.4
Clay Bricks
Aggregate (crushed rock or similar) obtained from concrete recovery. Be aware of
Aggregate potential double-counting issue with C&D.4
The fly ash category is specific to Portland cement displacement (the ash is produced
by coal-fired power plants). Certain types of fly ash (class C and F) possess the same
Fly Ash characteristics as Portland cement and are able to be substituted for use in concrete
manufacture. 4
Mixed Paper May include any combination of mixed paper grades (broadly defined). 2
Assumes of 29% aluminum and 71% steel. May include unknown metal types or cans
Mixed Metals and junked autos. Junked autos can also be placed in ferrous scrap metal, older cars
are made of steel, while newer ones have some aluminum components. 2,4
Based on the following percent of total MSW recovery by material in 2003: 19% PET,
Mixed Plastics 21% HDPE, and 7% LDPE. May include unknown plastic resins, PVC/vinyl,
polypropylene, polystyrene, or other plastic.5
Based on the following percent of total MSW recovery by material in 2003: 47%
corrugated cardboard, 23% newspaper, 9% office paper, 5% glass, 6%
Mixed Recyclables magazines/third-class mail, 3% steel cans, 3% Dimensional Lumber, 1% aluminum
cans, 2% plastic, 1% phonebooks/textbooks.5 May also include recyclables from a
single stream collection.
Recyclables other than those listed above, e.g., batteries or commingled containers.
Other Recyclables Only the tonnage source reduced is reported in the Environmental Impacts.
Total Tons Source Reduced

0 Do not input directly because the Calculator will automatically compute.
and Reused

© September 2006
DISPOSAL TYPE Tons Disposed
Tons Sent to Landfill
Include estimates for all materials generated in the state, regardless of where disposed.
Do not include imports.
Tons Sent to Incinerators
Total Tons Disposed 0 Do not input directly because the Calculator will automatically compute.
1
Recycling is defined as when a material is used in place of virgin inputs in the manufacturing process, rather than being disposed of and managed as waste.2 When a user indicates
that they are “recycling” they are referring to the act of setting the material aside for use in the manufacturing process. This Calculator does not draw a distinction between these two
distinct activities. So, when users indicate that they are "recycling" materials like yard trimmings, food scraps, mixed organics, etc, U.S. EPA calculates the benefit of composting.
Composting is defined as the controlled biological decomposition of organic material in the presence of air to form a humus-like material. Controlled methods of composting include
mechanical mixing and aerating, ventilating the materials by dropping them through a vertical series of aerated chambers, or placing the compost in piles out in the open air and mixing
it or turning it periodically.3
2
US EPA. "Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 2nd edition. " (2002). http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-
hw/muncpl/ghg/ghg.htm.
3
US EPA. "Terms of the Environment: Composting." (2004). http://www.epa.gov/OCEPAterms/.
4
Personal communication with ICF Consulting. October 2004.
5
US EPA "Municipal Solid Waste in The United States: 2003 Facts and Figures. " (2003). http://www.epa.gov/msw/msw99.htm.
6
This Calculator uses U.S. EPA's WARM tool definition of source reduction. It is defined as an activity that reduces the need for the production of additional material; reuse or reduce
(but is not a recycling activity with industrial process emissions). Examples would be light-weighting (e.g., using 25 percent less aluminum to produce the same product) or the reuse of
a material (e.g., dismantling a building and reusing the 2x4 studs in a new structure). Other examples include book swaps and computer donations (assumes that new books and new
computers would have been needed without these actions.) Therefore, reuse and reduce are used interchangeably.4

© September 2006
Input II. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Statistics
Obtain needed data for this worksheet from the specified websites.
Data Source: World Resources Institute. "Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT)". (2006). 17 July
2006 http://cait.wri.org/.
At website, first either register or login at the top left hand corner of your screen. Click on
"CAIT - U.S." under the heading "Access CAIT Products" (seen at the center of screen.)
Click on "State/Regions to Display" under the heading "Customize" (seen at the left-hand
Instructions:
side of screen). Use the ">>" and "<<" to find your state in the box on the right-hand side;
then click on "Display My States/Regions in Tables;" and finally click on "Save Changes."
Click on "Compare Sectors" under the heading "Analysis" (seen at the left-hand side of
screen.)
Updating Frequency: Unknown.
Reporting Year:
GHG Emissions
SOURCE (Million Metric Tons CO2)7
Energy - Electric Utilities
Energy - Residential
Energy - Commercial
Energy - Industrial
Energy - Transportation
Energy - Fugitive Emissions
Industrial Processes
Agriculture
Waste
Total 0.00
7
Million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2) are units of measurement that express the heat-trapping effects of various greenhouse gas emissions in carbon dioxide
equivalent. Another unit sometimes used is metric tons of carbon equivalent (MTCE). Source: U.S. EPA (2004) User’s Guide for WARM: Calculating Greenhouse Gas Emissions with
the WAste Reduction Model. Available at: http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/ActionsWasteWARMUsersGuide.html.

© September 2006
Input III. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion
U.S. EPA. "Energy CO2 Inventories." (2006). 1 Sept 06

Data Source: http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/EmissionsStateEnergyCO2Inventor
ies.html?OpenDocument.
Instructions: Click on "State CO2 Emissions from fossil fuel combustion, 1990-2002"
Updating Frequency: Updated annually.
Reporting Year:
CO2 Emissions
SECTOR (Million Metric Tons CO2)
Commercial
Industrial
Residential
Transportation
Electric Utilities
Total 0.00

© September 2006
Input IV. Energy Statistics
Data Source for Energy

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). "EIA State Energy Page." (2006). 1 Sept 06
Consumption &
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_states.html.
Expenditures:
Updating Frequency for
Energy Consumption & Updated annually.
Expenditures:
There are several pathways to the desired data. One way is to access the PDF files via
Instructions for Sector the links under the subheading "Consumption." These links are "Total", "Residential",
Consumption: "Commercial", "Industrial", and "Transportation." Once in the document, make sure you
look at “Trillion BTU.” In each case, the number you are looking for is the total, which you
can find in the far right column of the table.
Energy Consumed
SECTOR (Trillion BTUs8)
Reporting Year
Total
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
8
The British thermal unit (BTU or Btu) is a unit of energy used in the United States. A Btu is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound avoirdupois
of water by one degree Fahrenheit at a specified temperature (as 39o F). Source: Merriam-Webster OnLine "Brtish thermal unit" (2006). 12 Sept 2006 <http://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/british+thermal+unit>.
Instructions for Source the "Total" link under the subheading "Consumption." From left to right, you will find the
Consumption: total consumption of coal, natural gas, petroleum (look for the Total number), nuclear and
hydroelectric energy. Once in the document, make sure you look at “Trillion BTU.”

© September 2006
Energy Consumed
SOURCE (Trillion BTUs)
Reporting Year
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Coal
Hydroelectric
Nuclear
the links, under the subheading "Expenditures." These links are "Total", "Residential",
Instructions for Expenditures: "Commercial", "Industrial", and "Transportation". Once in the document, make sure you
look at “Million Nominal Dollars.” In each case, the number you are looking for is the total,
which you can find in the far right column of the table.
Energy Expenditures
SECTOR (Million Nominal Dollars)
Reporting Year
Total
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Data Source for Net U.S. Department of Commerce. "State and Metropolitan Area Data Book - 5th Edition."
Generation: (1997-1998). 21 Dec 05 http://www.census.gov/prod/3/98pubs/smadb-97.pdf.
Instructions for Net At the website (need Adobe Reader), look for "Table A-27. States - Electric and Gas
Generation: Utilities" on page 28. Look for your state under the "Net generation" columns.
Updating Frequency for Net
Will be released in 2006, entitled "State and Metropolitan Area Data Book - 2006."
Generation:

© September 2006
GENERATION SOURCE Net Generation
Reporting Year
Total (Billion kWh)
Coal (% of generation)
Nuclear (% of generation)
Input V. Household Information

U.S. Census Bureau. "State and County QuickFacts." (2000). 21 Dec 05

Data Source:
http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/.
Instructions: Click on your state. Scroll down to "Households, 2000."
Updating Frequency: Updated with Federal Census.
Households in Area
Reporting Year
Number of Households

© September 2006
Estimating the Environmental Benefits of Source Reduction, Reuse and Recycling
© September 2006
Worksheet 2. Environmental Impacts

Estimates of the Environmental Impacts of Recycling in 0
The following tables summarize the estimated environmental benefits of source reduction, reuse and recycling and provide comparison figures to
put these estimates in context.
Date of Calculator Analysis: December 30, 1899
Table 1. Materials Management Overview
Tons Source Tons Incinerated/ Total Tons

Tons Recycled Reduced/Reused Tons Landfilled Waste-To-Energy Disposed
Reporting Year 0 0 0 0 0
Aluminum Cans 0 0
Steel Cans 0 0
Glass 0 0
HDPE 0 0
LDPE 0 0
PET 0 0
Corrugated Cardboard 0 0
Magazines/Third-class Mail 0 0
Newspaper 0 0
Office Paper 0 0
Phonebooks 0 0
Textbooks 0 0
Whole Computers 0 0
Food Scraps 0
Yard Trimmings 0
Grass 0
Leaves 0
Branches 0
Ferrous Scrap Metal 0 0
Aluminum Scrap Metal 0 0
Copper Wire 0 0
Tires 0 0
Construction & Demolition 0 0
Carpet 0 0
Dimensional Lumber 0 0
Medium-density Fiberboard 0 0
Clay Bricks 0 0
Aggregate 0 0
Fly Ash 0 0
Mixed Paper, Broad Definition 0 0
Mixed Metals 0 0
Mixed Plastics 0 0
Mixed Recyclables 0 0
Mixed Organics 0
Other Recyclables 0 0
Total 0 0 0 0 0
Rate (% of Generation) #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Rate (% of Disposal) #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Source:
0

Page 19 Wksht 2_ Environmental Impacts
© September 2006
Chart 1. Materials Management Overview
Amount of Materials Recycled Materials Management Overview

(x1,000 Tons)
1
1 Recycled
Landfill 0.00%
0.00%
0
Incineration/ Waste-To-Energy 0.00%
0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0
Paper Glass Metal Plastic Organ- Other
ics
Amount of Materials Source Reduced & Reused (x1,000 Tons) How is Waste Diverted?
1
1
1
1
1 Recycled 0.00%
0
0
0 Source Reduced and Reused 0.00%
0
0
0
0 0 0 0 0
Paper Glass Metal Plastic Other

© September 2006
Table 2. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse
Net Greenhouse Gas

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from
Emissions Greenhouse Gas Source Reduction
Tons Source Associated with Emissions if Items and Reuse as
Reduced/Reused Source Reduction Had Been Disposed Compared to
Reporting Year 0 and Reuse (MTCE)1 (MTCE) Disposal (MTCE)
Aluminum Cans 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Steel Cans 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Glass 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
HDPE 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
LDPE 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
PET 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Corrugated Cardboard 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Magazines/Third-class Mail 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Newspaper 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Office Paper 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Phonebooks 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Textbooks 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Whole Computers 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Ferrous Scrap Metal 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Aluminum Scrap Metal 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Copper Wire 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Tires 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Construction & Demolition 0 NA NA NA
Carpet 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Dimensional Lumber 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Medium-density Fiberboard 0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Clay Bricks 0 0.0 0.0 0
Aggregate 0 NA NA NA
Fly Ash 0 NA NA NA
Mixed Paper, Broad Definition 0 NA NA NA
Mixed Metals 0 NA NA NA
Mixed Plastics 0 NA NA NA
Mixed Recyclables 0 NA NA NA
Other Recyclables 0 NA NA NA
Total as a Result of Source Reduction and 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Reuse
1
MTCE is an abbreviation for Metric Tons of Carbon Equivalent. There is movement to use CO2 Equivalents (MTCO2) instead of Carbon Equivalents (MTCE), however EPA generally
uses MTCE. To convert, multiply MTCE by 44/12 to receive MTCO2.
Sources:
0
U.S. EPA. "WARM Online, Version 8." (June 2006). 26 June 06 http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/WARM.
U.S. EPA. "Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 2nd edition." EPA 530-R-02-006. 11 Nov 2005
http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/ghg/ghg.htm.

© September 2006
Chart 2. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse
Impacts of Source Reduction/Reused and Disposal on GHG (MTCE/Year)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
GHG Emissions from Source Reduction and Reuse
0
GHG Emissions from GHG Emissions from GHG Benefit of
Source Reduction Disposal Source Reduction
and Reuse and Reuse (vs.
*A negative value for disposal may be due to the following factors: 1) avoided greenhouse gas emissions at electric utilities due to energy production at landfills (using
recovered methane) or waste incineration facilities; and/or 2) long-term storage of carbon in landfills.

© September 2006
Table 3. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Recycling
Greenhouse Gas Net Greenhouse Gas

Greenhouse Gas Emissions if Emissions from
Emissions Recyclables Had Recycling as
Tons Recycled Associated with Been Disposed Compared to
Reporting Year 0 Recycling (MTCE) (MTCE) Disposal (MTCE)
Aluminum Cans 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Steel Cans 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Glass 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
HDPE 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
LDPE 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
PET 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Corrugated Cardboard 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Magazines/Third-class Mail 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Newspaper 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Office Paper 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Phonebooks 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Textbooks 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Whole Computers 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Food Scraps 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Yard Trimmings 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Grass 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Leaves 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Branches 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Ferrous Scrap Metal 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Aluminum Scrap Metal 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Copper Wire 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Tires 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Carpet 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Dimensional Lumber 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Medium-density Fiberboard 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Clay Bricks 0 NA NA NA
Aggregate 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Fly Ash 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Paper, Broad Definition 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Metals 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Plastics 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Recyclables 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Organics 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Total as a Result of Recycling 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Total as a Result of Source Reduction, 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Reuse & Recycling
Sources:
Table 2: Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse
0
U.S. EPA. "Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 2nd edition." EPA 530-R-02-006. 11 Nov 2005 http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-

© September 2006
Chart 3. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Recycling
Impacts of Recycling and Disposal on GHG (MTCE/Year)

1
0
GHG Emissions from Recycling
0
GHG Emissions from GHG Emissions from GHG Benefit of Recycling
Recycling Disposal (vs. Disposal)

© September 2006
Table 4. Greenhouse Gas Savings Comparisons
Note that these
percentages are not
additive.
Source Reduction,
Reuse and Recycling
Emission Reductions
Annual Emissions Percent of Total as a Percent of
(MTCE) Emissions Emissions
MAJOR GHG EMISSION SOURCES
Reporting Year 0
Industry 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Utility 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Waste 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Transportation 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Other 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Total 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
MAJOR CO2 EMISSION SECTORS FROM FOSSIL FUEL COMBUSTION

Reporting Year 0
Commercial 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Industrial 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Residential 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Transportation 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Utility 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Total 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Sources:
Table 2. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse
Table 3. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Recycling
World Resources Institute. "Climate Analysis Indicators Tool (CAIT)". (2006). 17 July 2006 http://cait.wri.org/.
U.S. EPA. "Energy CO2 Inventories." (2006). 1 Sept 06 http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/EmissionsStateEnergyCO2Inventories.html?OpenDocument.

© September 2006
Table 5a. Energy Savings as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse
Note: The negative numbers denote energy savings.
Net Energy
Consumption from
Source Reduction
and Reuse as
Tons Source Energy Use if Source Energy Use if Items Compared to
Reduced/Reused Reduced and Reused Had Been Disposed Disposal
Reporting Year 0 (Million BTUs) (Million BTUs) (Million BTUs)
Glass 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
HDPE 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
LDPE 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
PET 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Tires 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Clay Bricks 0 0.00 0.00 0.00
Aggregate 0 NA NA NA
Fly Ash 0 NA NA NA
Mixed Paper, Broad Definition 0 NA NA NA
Mixed Metals 0 NA NA NA
Mixed Plastics 0 NA NA NA
Mixed Recyclables 0 NA NA NA
Total as a Result of Source Reduction & 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Reuse
Sources:
0
U.S. EPA. "Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 2nd edition." EPA 530-R-02-006. 11 Nov 2005
http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/ghg/ghg.htm.

© September 2006
Chart 5a. Energy Savings as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse
Impacts of Source Reduction/Reuse and Disposal on Energy Use

(Million BTU/Year)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Net Energy from Source Reduction and Reuse
0
*A negative value for disposal is due to avoided energy use for electricity generation resulting from energy production at landfills (using recovered methane) and/or waste
incineration facilities.

© September 2006
Table 5b. Energy Savings as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse Continued...
Net Energy
Consumption from
Source Reduction
and Reuse as Energy Savings in
Compared to Reduction of Per "Average"
Disposal "Average" Passenger Reduction of Car Household
(Million BTUs) Oil Saved Gas Saved Cars on the Emissions (CO2 (No. of
Reporting Year 0 (Barrels) (Gallons) Road/Year Tons/Year) Houses/Year)
Aluminum Cans #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Steel Cans #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Glass #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
HDPE #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
LDPE #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
PET #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Corrugated Cardboard #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Magazines/Third-class Mail #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Newspaper #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Office Paper #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Phonebooks #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Textbooks #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Whole Computers #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Ferrous Scrap Metal #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Aluminum Scrap Metal #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Copper Wire #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Tires #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Construction & Demolition NA NA NA NA NA NA
Carpet #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Dimensional Lumber #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Medium-density Fiberboard #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Clay Bricks 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0
Aggregate NA NA NA NA NA NA
Fly Ash NA NA NA NA NA NA
Mixed Paper, Broad Definition NA NA NA NA NA NA
Mixed Metals NA NA NA NA NA NA
Mixed Plastics NA NA NA NA NA NA
Mixed Recyclables NA NA NA NA NA NA
Other Recyclables NA NA NA NA NA NA
Total as a Result of Source Reduction & #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Reuse
Sources:
U.S. Department of Energy. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. "2005 Buildings Energy Databook: 1.2.4 Residential Delivered and Primary Energy Consumption Intensities, by Year."
(2006). 18 Jan 06 http://btscoredatabook.eren.doe.gov/docs/1.2.4.pdf.
Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). "Table VM-1: Annual Vehicle Distance Traveled in Miles and Related Data- 2004". (2006) 1 Sept 06 http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs04/pdf/vm1.pdf.
Energy Information Adminstration (EIA). "Annual Energy Review 2005: Table A3: Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2005." (2006). 1 Sept 06
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13_3.pdf.
U.S. EPA and ICF Consulting Group. "Waste Management and Energy Savings: Benefits by the Numbers." (2005). 18 Jan 06
http://yosemite.epa.gov/OAR/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%20Savings.pdf. Another source: Energy Information Adminstration (EIA). "Annual Energy Review 2005:
Table A2: Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2005." (2006). 1 Sept 06 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13_2.pdf.
U.S. Climate Technology Cooperation Gateway. "Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator." 18 Jan 06 http://www.usctcgateway.net/tool/.

© September 2006
Table 6a. Energy Savings as a Result of Recycling
Net Energy
Consumption from
Energy Use if Recycling as
Energy Use if All Recyclables Had Compared to
Tons Recycled Recycled Been Disposed Disposal (Million
Reporting Year 0 (Million BTUs) (Million BTUs) BTUs)
Glass 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
HDPE 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
LDPE 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
PET 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Food Scraps 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Yard Trimmings 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Grass 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Leaves 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Branches 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Tires 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Clay Bricks 0 NA NA NA
Aggregate 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Fly Ash 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Paper, Broad Definition 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Metals 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Plastics 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Recyclables 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Organics 0 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Total as a Result of Recycling 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Sources:
0

© September 2006
Chart 6a. Energy Savings as a Result of Recycling
Impacts of Recycling and Disposal on Energy Use

(Million BTU/Year)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Net Energy from Recycling
0

© September 2006
Table 6b. Energy Savings as a Result of Recycling Continued..
Net Energy
Consumption from
Recycling as Energy Savings in
Compared to Reduction of Per "Average"
Disposal "Average" Passenger Reduction of Car Household
(Million BTUs) Oil Saved Gas Saved Cars on the Emissions (CO2 (No. of
Reporting Year 0 (Barrels) (Gallons) Road/Year Tons/Year) Houses/Year)
Aluminum Cans #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Steel Cans #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Glass #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
HDPE #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
LDPE #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
PET #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Corrugated Cardboard #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Magazines/Third-class Mail #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Newspaper #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Office Paper #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Phonebooks #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Textbooks #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Whole Computers #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Food Scraps #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Yard Trimmings #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Grass #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Leaves #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Branches #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Ferrous Scrap Metal #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Aluminum Scrap Metal #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Copper Wire #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Tires #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Construction & Demolition NA NA NA NA NA NA
Carpet #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Dimensional Lumber #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Medium-density Fiberboard #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Clay Bricks NA NA NA NA NA NA
Aggregate #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Fly Ash #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Paper, Broad Definition #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Metals #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Plastics #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Recyclables #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Organics #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Other Recyclables NA NA NA NA NA NA
Total as a Result of Recycling #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Totals as a Result of Source Reduction, #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Reuse & Recycling
Sources:
Table 5b. Energy Savings as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse Continued…
U.S. EPA. "Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 2nd edition." EPA 530-R-02-006. 11 Nov 2005 http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/ghg/ghg.htm.
U.S. Department of Energy. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. "2005 Buildings Energy Databook: 1.2.4 Residential Delivered and Primary Energy Consumption Intensities, by Year." (2006). 18 Jan 06
http://btscoredatabook.eren.doe.gov/docs/1.2.4.pdf.
http://yosemite.epa.gov/OAR/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%20Savings.pdf. Another source: Energy Information Adminstration (EIA). "Annual Energy Review 2005: Table A2: Approximate Heat
Content of Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2005." (2006). 1 Sept 06 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13_2.pdf.

© September 2006
Table 7. Energy Savings Comparisons
Note generation
information is only
CONSUMPTION COMPARISONS EXPENDITURE COMPARISONS GENERATION COMPARISONS available for coal and
nuclear at this time.
Source Reduction, Value of Source

Reuse and Recycling Reduction, Reuse Source Reduction,
Energy Savings as a Statewide and Recycling Statewide Energy Reuse and Recycling
Statewide Percentage of Each Expenditures Energy Savings Generation by Energy Savings as a
Consumption Sector & Source (Million Nominal (Million Nominal Source Percent of Each
(Million BTUs) Consumption Dollars) Dollars) (Million BTUs) Generation Source Note that these
ENERGY SECTOR Note that these
Reporting Year 0 0 percentages are not
Residential 0 #DIV/0! $0 #DIV/0! additive.
Commercial 0 #DIV/0! $0 #DIV/0!
Industrial 0 #DIV/0! $0 #DIV/0!
Transportation 0 #DIV/0! $0 #DIV/0!
Total Consumption 0 #DIV/0! $0 #DIV/0!
ENERGY SOURCE
Reporting Year 0 0
Petroleum 0 #DIV/0!
Natural Gas 0 #DIV/0!
Coal 0 #DIV/0! 0 #DIV/0!
Hydroelectric 0 #DIV/0!
Nuclear 0 #DIV/0! 0 #DIV/0!
Total 0 #DIV/0! 0 #DIV/0!
OTHER COMPARISONS
Million BTUs Per Household #DIV/0!
Sources:
Table 5a. Energy Savings as a Result of Source Reduction and Reuse
Table 6a. Energy Savings as a Result of Recycling
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). "EIA State Energy Page." (2006). 1 Sept 06 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/states/_states.html.
U.S. Department of Commerce. "State and Metropolitan Area Data Book - 5th Edition." (1997-1998). 21 Dec 05 http://www.census.gov/prod/3/98pubs/smadb-97.pdf.
U.S. Census Bureau. "State and County QuickFacts." (2000). 21 Dec 05 http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/.

© September 2006
Chart 7. Energy Savings Comparisons
Comparison: Source Reduction, Reuse, and Recycling Energy Savings vs. Selected Consumption Sources (Million BTUs)
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
Energy Saved by Source Statewide Hydroelectric Statewide Coal Consumption
Reduction, Reuse & Recyc- Consumption
ling
Comparison: Source Reduction, Reuse, and Recycling Energy Savings vs. Selected Energy Generation (Million BTUs)
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
Energy Saved by Source Statewide Coal Power Genera- Statewide Nuclear Power
Reduction, Reuse & Recyc- tion Generation

© September 2006
Table 8. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical Curbside Set-Out Container
Note: This data is based on an average mix of recyclables in a set-out container or blue bin. This could be placed at curbside or dropped off at a Recycling Center or Transfer Station.
Greenhouse Gas Net Greenhouse Gas

Greenhouse Gas Emissions if Emissions from
Emissions Recyclables Had Recycling as
Tons Recycled Associated with Been Disposed Compared to
Reporting Year 0 Recycling (MTCE) (MTCE) Disposal (MTCE)
Aluminum Cans 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Steel Cans 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Glass 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
HDPE 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
LDPE 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
PET 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Corrugated Cardboard 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Magazines/Third-class Mail 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Newspaper 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Office Paper 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Phonebooks 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Textbooks 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Paper, Broad Definition 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Plastics 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Recyclables 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Total 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Sources:
0
U.S. EPA. "Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 2nd edition." EPA 530-R-02-006. 11 Nov 2005 http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/ghg/ghg.htm.

© September 2006
Chart 8. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical Curbside Set-Out Container
Impacts of Recycling and Disposal of a Typical Curbside

Set-Out Container on GHG (MTCE/Year)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
GHG Emissions from Recycling
0
GHG Emissions from GHG Emissions from GHG Benefit of Recycling
Recycling Disposal (vs. Disposal)

© September 2006
Table 9. Energy Savings as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical Curbside Set-Out Container
Note: This data is based on an average mix of recyclables in a set-out container or blue bin. This could be placed at curbside or dropped off at a Recycling Center or Transfer Station.
Net Energy
Consumption from
Energy Use if Recycling as Reduction of
Energy Use if All Recyclables Had Compared to "Average"
Tons Recycled Recycled Been Disposed Disposal Oil Saved Gas Saved Passenger Cars on Reduction of Car Emissions
Reporting Year 0 (Million BTUs) (Million BTUs) (Million BTUs) (Barrels) (Gallons) the Road/Year (CO2 Tons/Year)
Aluminum Cans 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Steel Cans 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Glass 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
HDPE 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
LDPE 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
PET 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Corrugated Cardboard 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Magazines/Third-class Mail 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Newspaper 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Office Paper 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Phonebooks 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Textbooks 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Paper, Broad Definition 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Plastics 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Mixed Recyclables 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Total 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Sources:
0

© September 2006
Chart 9. Energy Savings as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical Curbside Set-Out Container
Impacts of Recycling and Disposal of a Typical Curbside Set-Out Container on Energy Use (Million BTU/Year)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Net Energy from Recycling
0

© September 2006
Table 10: Energy Savings from Computer Source Reduction and Reuse
To calculate oil saved in gallons: multiply oil saved in barrels by 42.
Net Energy
Consumption from
Source Reduction
Energy Use if Source and Resue as Reduction of
Tons Source Reduced and Reused Energy Use if Items Compared to "Average"
Reduced/Reused (Million Had Been Disposed Disposal Oil Saved Gas Saved Passenger Cars on Reduction of Car Emissions
Reporting Year 0 BTUs) (Million BTUs) (Million BTUs) (Barrels) (Gallons) the Road/Year (CO2 Tons/Year)
Reused Whole Computers 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Sources:
0
Table 11: Energy Savings from Computer Recycling

To calculate oil saved in gallons: multiply oil saved in barrels by 42.
Net Energy
Consumption from
Energy Use if Recycling as Reduction of
Energy Use if All Recyclables Had Compared to "Average"
Tons Recycled Recycled Been Disposed Disposal Oil Saved Gas Saved Passenger Cars on Reduction of Car Emissions
Reporting Year 0 (Million BTUs) (Million BTUs) (Million BTUs) (Barrels) (Gallons) the Road/Year (CO2 Tons/Year)
Recycled Whole Computers 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Sources:
0

© September 2006
Table 12. Natural Resource Savings as a Result of Steel Source Reduction and Reuse
Iron Ore Saved Total Resources

Limestone Saved Through Source Coal Saved Through Saved Through
Tons Source Through Source Reduction and Source Reduction Source Reduction
Reduced/Reused Reduction and Reuse Reuse and Reuse and Reuse
Reporting Year 0 (Tons) (Tons) (Tons) (Tons)
Ferrous Steel 0 0 0 0 0
Sources:
0
Steel Recycling Institute. "Fact Sheet: What are other benefits of steel recycling?" 18 Jan 2006 http://www.recycle-steel.org/PDFs/brochures/buyrec.pdf.
Personal communication with Steel Recycling Institute. January 2006.
Table 13. Natural Resource Savings as a Result of Steel & Glass Recycling
Sand Saved
Limestone Saved Iron Ore Saved Coal Saved Through Through Soda Ash Saved Feldspar Saved Total Resources Saved
Tons Recycled Through Recycling Through Recycling Recycling Recycling Through Recycling Through Recycling Through Recycling
Reporting Year 0 (Tons) (Tons) (Tons) (Tons) (Tons) (Tons) (Tons)
Ferrous Steel 0 0 0 0 0
Glass 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sources:
0
Glass Packaging Institute. "Glass Recycling and the Environment" (2005). 14 Aug 2006 http://www.gpi.org/recycling/environment/.
Table 14: Number of Tree Seedlings Grown for 10 Years as a Result of Paper Recycling
Number of Trees
Tons Recycled Seedlings Grown for
Reporting Year 0 10 Years
Newspaper & Phone Books 0 0
Office Paper, Textbooks, Magazines, 0 0
Cardboard
Total 0 0
Sources:
0
U.S. Climate Technology Cooperation Gateway. "Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator." 31 Jul 06 http://www.usctcgateway.net/tool/.
U.S. EPA. "Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 2nd edition." EPA 530-R-02-006. 11 Nov
2005 http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/ghg/ghg.htm.
Table 15. Landfill Space Saved as a Result of Paper Recycling
Tons Recycled Landfill Space Saved

Reporting Year 0 (Cubic Yards)
Paper 0 0
Sources:
0
Paper Industry Association Council (PIAC). "Paper & the Environment" (2006).22 Mar 2006 www.paperrecycles.org/paper_environment/index.html.

© September 2006
Estimating the Environmental Benefits of Source Reduction, Reuse and Recycling
© September 2006
Worksheet 3. Conversion Factors

Table 1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from MSW Management Options
Note: When users indicate that they are "recycling" materials like yard trimmings, food scraps, mixed organics, etc, U.S. EPA
calculates the benefit of composting these materials.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions from MSW Management Options (MTCE/Ton)
Net Source
Reduction/ Net Net
Reuse Net Recycling Composting Combustion Net Landfilling
Material Emissions Emissions Emissions Emissions Emissions
Aluminum Cans (2.24) (3.70) NA 0.02 0.01 aluminum can emission
factors used as proxy
Steel Cans (0.87) (0.49) NA (0.42) 0.01 for aluminum scrap
metal
Copper Wire (2.00) (1.34) NA 0.01 0.01
Aluminum Scrap Metal (2.24) (3.70) NA 0.02 0.01
Ferrous Scrap Metal (0.87) (0.49) NA (0.42) 0.01
Glass (0.16) (0.08) NA 0.01 0.01 steel can emission
HDPE (0.49) (0.38) NA 0.25 0.01 for ferrous scrap metal
LDPE (0.62) (0.46) NA 0.25 0.01
PET (0.57) (0.42) NA 0.30 0.01
Corrugated Cardboard (1.52) (0.85) NA (0.18) 0.11
Magazines/Third-class Mail (2.36) (0.84) NA (0.13) (0.08)
Newspaper (1.33) (0.76) NA (0.20) (0.24)
Office Paper (2.18) (0.78) NA (0.17) 0.53
Phonebooks (1.72) (0.72) NA (0.20) (0.24)
Textbooks (2.50) (0.85) NA (0.17) 0.53
Dimensional Lumber (0.55) (0.67) NA (0.21) (0.13)
Medium-density Fiberboard (0.60) (0.67) NA (0.21) (0.13)
Food Scraps NA NA (0.05) (0.05) 0.20
Yard Trimmings NA NA (0.05) (0.06) (0.06)
Grass NA NA (0.05) (0.06) (0.00)
Leaves NA NA (0.05) (0.06) (0.05)
Branches NA NA (0.05) (0.06) (0.13)
Mixed Paper, Broad Definition NA (0.96) NA (0.18) 0.09
Mixed Paper, Resid. NA (0.96) NA (0.18) 0.07
Mixed Paper, Office NA (0.93) NA (0.16) 0.13
Mixed Metals NA (1.43) NA (0.29) 0.01
Mixed Plastics NA (0.41) NA 0.27 0.01
Mixed Recyclables NA (0.79) NA (0.17) 0.04
Mixed Organics NA NA (0.05) (0.05) 0.06
Carpet (1.09) (1.96) NA 0.11 0.01
Whole Computers (15.13) (0.62) NA (0.05) 0.01
Clay Bricks (0.08) NA NA NA 0.01
Aggregate NA (0.00) NA NA 0.01
Fly Ash NA (0.24) NA NA 0.01
Tires (1.09) (0.50) NA 0.05 0.01
Sources: U.S. EPA. "WARM Online, Version 8." (June 2006). 26 June 06 http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/WARM.
U.S. EPA. "Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 2nd edition."
EPA 530-R-02-006. 11 Nov 2005 http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/ghg/ghg.htm.

Page 40 Wksht 3_ Conversion Factors
© September 2006
Table 2. Energy Emissions/Savings from Various MSW Management Options
Note: When users indicate that they are "recycling" materials like yard trimmings, food scraps, mixed organics, etc, U.S. EPA
calculates the benefit of composting these materials.
Energy Emissions/Savings from MSW Management Options (Assuming Initial
Production Using the Current Mix of Virgin and Recycled Inputs) aluminum can emission
(Million BTU/Ton) for aluminum scrap
metal
Net Source Net
Net
Reduction/
Net Recycling Composting Combustion Net Landfilling
Material Reuse Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy
Aluminum Cans (126.18) (206.42) NA 0.42 0.53
Steel Cans (30.79) (19.97) NA (17.24) 0.53
steel can emission
Copper Wire (122.31) (82.59) NA 0.39 0.53 factors used as proxy
Aluminum Scrap Metal (126.18) (206.42) NA 0.42 0.53 for ferrous scrap metal
Ferrous Scrap Metal (30.79) (19.97) NA (17.24) 0.53
Glass (7.53) (2.13) NA 0.38 0.53
HDPE (63.68) (50.90) NA (6.37) 0.53
LDPE (73.92) (56.01) NA (6.37) 0.53
PET (70.67) (52.83) NA (3.16) 0.53
Corrugated Cardboard (21.91) (15.42) NA (2.21) 0.23
Magazines/Thirdclass Mail (33.21) (0.69) NA (1.58) 0.41
Newspaper (36.45) (16.49) NA (2.54) 0.42
Office Paper (36.58) (10.08) NA (2.13) 0.01
Phonebooks (39.87) (11.42) NA (2.54) 0.42
Textbooks (35.30) (0.53) NA (2.13) 0.01
Dimensional Lumber (3.53) 0.59 NA (2.66) 0.37
Mediumdensity Fiberboard (11.51) 0.86 NA (2.66) 0.37
Food Scraps NA NA 0.58 (0.55) 0.33
Yard Trimmings NA NA 0.58 (0.70) 0.41
Grass NA NA 0.58 (0.70) 0.46
Leaves NA NA 0.58 (0.70) 0.41
Branches NA NA 0.58 (0.70) 0.37
Mixed Paper, Broad Definition NA (22.94) NA (2.22) 0.24 broad mixed = 24% Onp, 48% OCC, 20% OP & 8% coated paper
Mixed Paper, Residential NA (22.94) NA (2.21) 0.26 residential mixed = 23% ONP, 53% OCC,14% OP & 10% coated paper
Mixed Paper, Office NA (13.95) NA (2.02) 0.25 mixed office = 21% ONP, 5% OCC, 38% OP & 36% coated paper.
Mixed Metals NA (74.81) NA 0.38 0.53
Mixed Plastics NA (52.42) NA (5.09) 0.53
Mixed Recyclables NA (16.91) NA (2.67) 0.30
Mixed Organics NA NA 0.58 (0.58) 0.37
Carpet (91.06) (105.58) NA (4.78) 0.53
Whole Computers (956.74) (43.44) NA (4.69) 0.53
Clay Bricks (5.13) NA NA NA 0.53
Aggregate NA (0.11) NA NA 0.53
Fly Ash NA (4.77) NA NA 0.53
Tires (88.17) (51.96) NA (26.71) 0.53
Sources: U.S. EPA. "WARM Online, Version 8." (June 2006). 26 June 06 http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/WARM.
U.S. EPA. "Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 2nd edition." EPA 530-R-02-
006. 11 Nov 2005 http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/ghg/ghg.htm.
Used in the calculation of "Energy average delivered

Savings in Per Household Equivalent energy consumption
(# of houses/year)" in Table 7 on per U.S household in
the Environmental Impacts 2003
worksheet.

© September 2006
Table 3. Miscellaneous Energy Conversion Factors Used in the calculation of "Energy average delivered
Savings in Per Household Equivalent energy consumption
(# of houses/year)" in Table 7 on per U.S household in
Conversion Type Value Unit Sources the Environmental Impacts 2003
worksheet.
Household
U.S. Department of Energy. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. "2005 Buildings Energy Databook: 1.2.4
Energy use for an "average" Million Residential Delivered and Primary Energy Consumption Intensities, by Year." (2006). 18 Jan 06
household for one year 103.8 BTU/Year http://btscoredatabook.eren.doe.gov/docs/1.2.4.pdf.
Vehicle
Energy use for an "average" Million Calculated using fuel use for an "average" passenger car for one year in gallons and energy content of gasoline in million
passenger car for one year 69 BTU/Year BTU/gallon.
Fuel use for an "average" Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). "Table VM-1: Annual Vehicle Distance Traveled in Miles and Related Data- 2004".
passenger car for one year 557 Gallons/Year (2006) 1 Sept 06 http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policy/ohim/hs04/pdf/vm1.pdf.
Million Energy Information Adminstration (EIA). "Annual Energy Review 2005: Table A3: Approximate Heat Content of Petroleum
Energy content of gasoline 5.218 BTU/Barrel Consumption, Selected Years, 1949-2005." (2006). 1 Sept 06 http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13_3.pdf.
Energy content of gasoline 42 Gallons/ Barrel Basic conversion
Million
Energy content of gasoline 0.124 BTU/Gallon Calculated by dividing the energy content of gasoline in million BTU/barrel by the energy content of gasoline in gallons/barrel.
http://yosemite.epa.gov/OAR/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%20Savings.pdf. Another
source: Energy Information Adminstration (EIA). "Annual Energy Review 2005: Table A2: Approximate Heat Content of
Million Petroleum Production, Imports, and Exports, Selected Years, 1949-2005." (2006). 1 Sept 06
Energy content of oil 5.8 BTU/Barrel http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13_2.pdf.
Energy content of oil 42 Gallons/Barrel http://yosemite.epa.gov/OAR/globalwarming.nsf/UniqueKeyLookup/TMAL6GDR3K/$File/Energy%20Savings.pdf.
U.S. Climate Technology Cooperation Gateway. "Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator." 18 Jan 06
Reduction of Car Emissions 5.09 CO2 Tons/Year http://www.usctcgateway.net/tool/.
Table 4. Natural Resource Conversion Factors
Ferrous Steel Conversion Factors Glass Conversion Factors
Pounds of Pounds of
Material Saved Material Saved
Material per Ton of Steel Material per Ton of
Recycled or Glass
Reused Recycled
Limestone 120 Limestone 380
Iron Ore 2,500 Sand 1300

Coal 1,400 Soda Ash 410
Feldspar 160
Sources:
Glass Packaging Institute. "Glass Recycling and the Environment" (2005). 14 Aug 2006 http://www.gpi.org/recycling/environment/.

© September 2006
Table 5. Number of Tree Seedlings Grown for 10 Years as a Result of Paper Recycling
Notes: These figures are determined by taking US EPA's forest carbon sequestration value (0.55 MTCE/ton for mechanically and 0.83 MTCE/ton for chemically pulped papers and divide it by a
tree seedling value (0.011 MTCE per tree seedling grown for 10 years).
Forest
Sequestration
Equal to
Number of
Trees
Seedlings
Grown for 10
Years
Newspaper & Phone Books 52
Office Paper, Textbooks,

Magazines, & Cardboard 78
Sources: U.S. Climate Technology Cooperation Gateway. "Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator." 31 Jul 06
http://www.usctcgateway.net/tool/.
U.S. EPA. "WARM Online, Version 8." (June 2006). 26 June 06
http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/globalwarming.nsf/WARM.
U.S. EPA. "Solid Waste Management and Greenhouse Gases: A Life-Cycle Assessment of Emissions and Sinks. 2nd edition."
EPA 530-R-02-006. 11 Nov 2005 http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/ghg/ghg.htm.
Personal communication with ICF Consulting. July 2006.
Table 6. Landfill Space Saved as a Result of Paper Recycling
Cubic Yards of
Landfill Space
Item Saved per Ton
of Paper
Recycled
Landfill Space 3.3
Sources:
Paper Industry Association Council (PIAC). "Paper & the Environment" (2006).22 Mar 2006 www.paperrecycles.org/paper_environment/index.html.
Table 7. Unit Conversion Factors
Conversion Type Value Unit Sources

Billion kWh multiplied by 1000
divided by 0.00293 gives Million
Billion kWh to Million BTU BTU.
1 metric ton 2204.60 Pounds Personal communication with ICF Consulting. August 2003.

© September 2006
Estimating the Environmental Benefits of Source
Reduction, Reuse and Recycling
© September 2006
Worksheet 4. Calculations Worksheet

Note: This sheet contains miscellaneous figures used in calculations and graphs
elsewhere in NERC's Calculator.
Materials Management Type Amount (Tons) These data are used

Management Overvi
Recycled 0 the Environmental Im
Landfill 0 Worksheet.
Incineration/ Waste-To-Energy 0
Total 0
Percentages of Disposal Options Used throughout the Ca
Percent of disposed incinerated/ waste-to-energy #DIV/0!

Percent of disposed landfilled #DIV/0!
These numbers are us

Amount 'Amount of Materials R
Recycled chart in the Environm
Worksheet.
Recycled Materials (x1,000 Tons)
Paper 0
Glass 0
Metal 0
Plastic 0
Organics 0
Other 0
Total 0
Amount Source These numbers are use

'Amount of Materials S
Reduced & Reduced & Reused' bar
Reused (x1,000 the Environmental Imp
Reused Materials Tons)
Paper 0
Glass 0
Metal 0
Plastic 0
Other 0
Total 0
How is Waste Diverted? Amount (Tons) These data are used i

Diverted?' pie chart in
Recycled 0 Impacts Worksheet.

Page 44 Wksht 4_ Calculations
© September 2006
These data are used i
Diverted?' pie chart in
Impacts Worksheet.
Source Reduced and Reused 0
Total 0
Impacts of Source Reduction/Reuse and Disposal on GHG MTCE These data are used in
for 'Impacts of Source
GHG Emissions from Source Reduction and Reuse 0 Reduction/Reuse and D
GHG Emissions from Disposal #DIV/0!
GHG Benefit of Source Reduction and Reuse (vs. Disposal) #DIV/0!
These data are used in
'Impacts of Recycling a
Impacts of Recycling and Disposal on GHG MTCE GHG' in the Environme
Worksheet.
GHG Emissions from Recycling 0
GHG Benefit of Recycling (vs. Disposal) #DIV/0!
Impacts of Source Reduction/Reuse and Disposal on Energy and Disposal on Energ
Use Million BTUs Environmental Impact
Net Energy from Source Reduction and Reuse 0

Net Energy from Disposal #DIV/0!
Energy Savings Due to Source Reduction and Reuse #DIV/0!
'Impacts of Recycling an
Impacts of Recycling and Disposal on Energy Use Million BTUs Energy Use' in the Envir
Net Energy from Recycling 0 Worksheet.

Energy Savings Due to Recycling #DIV/0!
'Energy Savings Comp
Comparison: Source Reduction, Reuse, and Recycling Environmental Impacts
Energy Savings vs. Selected Consumption Sources Million BTUs
Energy Saved by Source Reduction, Reuse & Recycling #DIV/0!
Statewide Hydroelectric Consumption 0
Statewide Coal Consumption 0
'Energy Savings Comp
Comparison: Source Reduction, Reuse, and Recycling Environmental Impact
Energy Savings vs. Selected Generation Million BTUs
Energy Saved by Source Reduction, Reuse & Recycling #DIV/0!
Statewide Coal Power Generation 0
Statewide Nuclear Power Generation 0
These data are used in th
Recycling and Disposal a
Container on GHGl' in th
Worksheet.

© September 2006
These data are used in th
Recycling and Disposal a
Impacts of Recycling and Disposal of a Typical Curbside Set- Container on GHGl' in th
Out Container on GHG MTCE Worksheet.
GHG Emissions from Recycling 0

GHG Benefit of Recycling (vs. Disposal) #DIV/0!
These data are used in t
Recycling and Disposal
Impacts of Recycling and Disposal of a Typical Curbside Set- Container on Energy Us
Out Container on Energy Use Million BTUs Worksheet.
Net Energy from Recycling 0
Energy Savings Due to Recycling #DIV/0!

© September 2006
These data are used in the 'Materials
Management Overview' pie chart in
the Environmental Impacts
Worksheet.
Used throughout the Calculator.
These numbers are used for the

'Amount of Materials Recycled' bar
chart in the Environmental Impacts
Worksheet.
These numbers are used for the

'Amount of Materials Source
Reduced & Reused' bar chart in
the Environmental Impacts
These data are used in the 'How is Waste

Diverted?' pie chart in the Environmental
Impacts Worksheet.

© September 2006
These data are used in the 'How is Waste
Diverted?' pie chart in the Environmental
Impacts Worksheet.
These data are used in the bar chart

Reduction/Reuse and Disposal on
These data are used in the bar chart for

'Impacts of Recycling and Disposal on
GHG' in the Environmental Impacts
Worksheet.
These data are used in the bar chart

for 'Impacts of Source Reduction/Reuse
and Disposal on Energy Use' in the
Environmental Impacts Worksheet.

'Impacts of Recycling and Disposal on
Energy Use' in the Environmental Impacts
Worksheet.

'Energy Savings Comparisons' in the

'Energy Savings Comparisons' in the
These data are used in the bar chart for 'Impacts of

Recycling and Disposal a Typical Curbside Set-Out
Container on GHGl' in the Environmental Impacts
Worksheet.

© September 2006
These data are used in the bar chart for 'Impacts of
Container on GHGl' in the Environmental Impacts
Worksheet.
These data are used in the bar chart for Impacts of

Container on Energy Use' in the Environmental Impacts
Worksheet.

© September 2006
Net Energy
Percent of Consumption
Net GHG Emissions Industrial Carbon Net GHG from Source
from Source Emissions from Emissions from Reduction,
Area Tons Reduction, Reuse and Fossil Fuel Percent of GHG Recycling - Reuse and
Name Year Recycled Recycling Combustion State Emissions CURBSIDE ONLY Recycling
0 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Net Energy
Energy Savings Consumption
Percent in Per "Average" from Tons
of Energy Household Recycling - Recycled
Used by Gas Saved (No. of CURBSIDE (Steel & Limeston Iron Ore Coal Sand Soda Ash Feldspar Paper
Industry (Gallons) Houses/Year) ONLY Glass) e Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Number of Landfill
Tree Total Space
Seedlings Paper Saved by
Grown Tons Recycling
0 0 0

EPA Tableur - Valorisation Matière & Recyclage

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Estimating the Environmental Benefits of Source Reduction,

Reuse, and Recycling

Updated by Northeast Recycling Council, Inc. (NERC)

What Does the Calculator Do?

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Who Can Use the Calculator?

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How Do You Use the Calculator?

Go to “Worksheet 1. Data Inputs” to enter materials management data.

Also in “Worksheet 1. Data Inputs,” enter state-specific data obtained

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Explanation of the Calculator Results

Table 1. Materials Management Overview is a restatement of the materials management data

Table 2. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Source Reduction and

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Table 3. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as a Result of Recycling is based on the

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Table 8. Reductions in Greenhouse Gas Emissions as of a Result of Recycling Items in a

Table 9. Energy Savings as of a Result of Recycling Items in a Typical Curbside Set-Out

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Worksheet 1. Data Inputs

Area is in the State of:

Input I. Materials Management Statistics

Glass May include glass containers & other glass.2

Magazines/Third-class Mail May include coated paper & junk mail.2

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Aluminum Scrap Metal

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Tons Source Reduced &

Glass May include glass containers & other glass.2

Magazines/Third-class Mail May include coated paper & junk mail.2

Aluminum Scrap Metal

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Total Tons Source Reduced

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U.S. EPA. "Energy CO2 Inventories." (2006). 1 Sept 06

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Data Source for Energy

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Input V. Household Information

U.S. Census Bureau. "State and County QuickFacts." (2000). 21 Dec 05

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Worksheet 2. Environmental Impacts

Date of Calculator Analysis: December 30, 1899

Table 1. Materials Management Overview

Tons Source Tons Incinerated/ Total Tons

Rate (% of Generation) #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

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Amount of Materials Recycled Materials Management Overview

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Net Greenhouse Gas

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Impacts of Source Reduction/Reused and Disposal on GHG (MTCE/Year)

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Greenhouse Gas Net Greenhouse Gas

Total as a Result of Source Reduction, 0 0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

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Impacts of Recycling and Disposal on GHG (MTCE/Year)

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