C012 Eztrieve

EASYTRIEVE PLUS
Objective:To provide an insight into EASYTRIEVE PLUS and its utilization in Database Management Systems.
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Course Details
No: Name C014 Easytrieve
Introduction Easytrieve is a tool which helps in information retrieval and in Data Base Management.This material gives an insight into how Easytrieve can be used with IMS and DB2 DBMS.
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Course Details
Pre-Requisite Knowledge of IMS and DB2 DBMS. Target To be decided by the CR Audience and SWS Mode of Class Room Training Evaluation Attendance > 80 % Criteria and/or (Case study Completion or Test score > 50 %)
Lesson Plan
M# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Topic Introduction Library Section Activity Section Error Messages Easytrieve with IMS Easytrieve with DB2 Time(hrs) 1 1 2 0.5 1 2
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This material is made for EBSCO - Easytrieve to Cobol conversion project training program. As it is project specific, it will not be peer reviewed.
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Modules
Duration : 8 Hrs
Introduction Library Section Activity section Error Messages Dealing with DB2 Dealing with IMS
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Module 1- Introduction
Duration : 1 hour Introduction to Easytrieve Plus Capabilities : File Processing Operations Output
Program Structure
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Module 2-Library Section

Duration : 1 hour Data Formats Mask Record Definitions Arrays
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Module 3-Activity Section

Duration: 2 hours JOB Statement Assignment Statement Conditional Branching Case Stmt / PERFORM Stmt / STOP stmt Input / Output Stmt Controlled I/O Procedure Processing
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Module 4- Error Messages

Duration:1/2 hr Error Messages Error Codes Syntax Diagnostic Messages
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Module 5- Dealing with DB2

Duration : 1 hour EZT Plus Structure DB2 Statements Cursors-Processing SQLCA Error Handling
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Module 6- Dealing with IMS

Duration : 2 hours Introduction to IMS Database FILE Statement RECORD Statement SSA DLI Functions DLI statement RETRIEVE Statement
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Module 1- Introduction
Duration : 1 hours Introduction to Easytrieve Plus Capabilities : File Processing Operations Output
Program Structure
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EASYTRIEVE PLUS
A tool which helps information retrieval and Data Base Management system for simplified programming. Provides the user with Good reporting capabilities.
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Capabilities
1. File Processing : - Processes SAM, ISAM, VSAM or IMS/DLI Files Allows fixed, variable, undefined, or spanned record formats. Matches unlimited number of files. 2. Operations: Sorts on any number of Keys 3. Output: Very Good Reporting Features Automatically formats output with all totals calculated internally. Provides summary report.
Program Structure
Environment section - Optional Override standard EZT options and choose new one by using PARM Library Section - Optional for defining all files and Working storage Activity Section - Mandatory JOB statement and SORT statements
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Environment Section
Environment Section (Optional) Given in comments. Used to describe the program ID, Description, Date written etc. Ex: PARM DEBUG(PGM1) *PROGRAM-ID PGM1. *AUTHOR. IMR. *DATE WRITTEN. 08/20/1997. *DESCRIPTION. Sample Program
Library Section
Library Section Used to define all input/output files and Working storage fields in the program Example: FILE PERSNL FB(150 1800) NAME 17 16 A LAST-NAME NAME 8 A PAY-GROSS 94 8 A
Activity Section
Activity Section (Mandatory)
Two types of activities - JOB and SORT JOB Statement indicates the start of the program logic. SORT Statement is used to sort the sequential files. Any number of JOB and SORT statement.
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Activity Section
JOB activities read information from input files examine and manipulate information, write information to output files, and produce printed reports. SORT activities create sorted sequential output files that contain all or part of the records from another (input) file.
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Statement Area
Each line contain a single statement. Can also have multiple statements in Single line eg. Cost = A + B. PRICE = COST + Others Any non blank line starting with * will be treated as comment line.
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Continuation
Can continue lines in a statement to the next line using + or - character. Eg Field name W 8 A + VALUE ABCDEF. JOB INPUT NULL + START INITIALISE
Quiz
What will be the value of the variableVAR1 W 1 4 N VALUE THIS IS ST RING What are the activities in the Activity section?
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Quiz Answers
THIS IS ST RING JOB and SORT
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Module 2 - Library Section

Duration: 1 hrs Library Section Data Formats Mask Record Definitions
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Library Section
The Library section of your program provides 1. A general description of the groups of data (files) on which your program is going to operate (via the FILE statement) 2. A specific description of the individual items of data (fields) within each record of the files or within working storage (via the DEFINE statement optionally)
File Declaration
The syntax of File declaration is FILE <file-name> [file type <IS/VIRTUAL> <DLI (DB-NAME)> <VS>] [ device type is <CARD> <PRINTER> <DISK/TAPE> ]
File Type Parameter

- Indexed Sequential Access Method VIRTUAL - Easytrieve Plus virtual file manager (VFM) DLI - designates an IMS/DLI database ,dbd-name is alphabetic and names the database definition within the Program Specification Block (PSB) to be processed.
IS
Field Definitions
This is the name you give to the field you are defining. It must start with a letter ; can contain letters, numbers, and special characters; and can be from 1 to 40 characters long.
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Data Formats For Fields

A N P B Alphabetic. zoned decimal. Packed decimal. Binary
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A - Alphabetic
A - Alphabetic. Use when none of the numeric data types apply to this field. Example: Name 17 6 A
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N - Zoned Decimal
N - zoned decimal. The field contains digits 0 thru 9 in external decimal form. Example: Date-Of-Hire SALARY
136 6 N 1 4 N 2
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P - Packed
Packed. Example: Pay-Gross
94 4 P 2
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B - Binary
Depending upon their field length, binary fields can contain values whose maximum is equivalent to the following number of decimal digits : Length in Bytes Digits 1 3 2 5 3 8 4 10
Field Declaration
Example :
POS FILE EMP-FILE EMP-REC 1 EMP-ID 1 EMP-NAME 5 SALARY 30 PERKS 35 Length 40 5 25 5 5 P B A N A 2 0 TYPE DEC
EMPEMP-
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Example File Declaration

FILE PERSNL FB (150 1800) NAME 17 LAST-NAME NAME PAY-GROSS 94 DEPT 98 FILE PHSSF DLI (NPDH006) HIS-PSB 1 250 A HIS-STATUS 11 2 A
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16 8 4 3
A A P2 N
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ReDefinition
While defining a grouped field definitions the name of the group should be defined first with full length and individual fields should be defined by referring to group name, starting position and length of the individual field. Eg. Date-of-hire w 6 N hire-mm date-of-hire 2 N hire-dd date-of-hire +2 2 N hire-yy date-of-hire +4 2 N
Example: WS Declaration
SALARY W CURR-DATE W CURR-MM CURR-DATE CURR-DD CURR -DATE + 2 CURR-YY CURR-DATE + 4 4 8 2 2 4 P2 N N N N
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Arrays
The OCCURS option establishes an array for the field. Example: WS-VAR1 W 3 N 0 OCCURS 40 Accessing 20th occurrence of variableWS-VAR1(20)
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Arrays (Contd.)
Indexing is data reference that results when EZT Plus derives a displacement value to correspond to a particular occurrence in a field name. Example: WS-VAR1 W 3 N 0 OCCURS 4 INDEX INDX Accessing 3rd occurrence of variableINDX = (3 - 1) * 4 WS-VAR1
Initialization
Parameter: Value Syntax: { VALUE Literal-1} Example YEAR W 4 N Value 1999
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Mask Parameter
Optional MASK parameter can specify a pattern (edit mask) for printing a numeric field on a report. Alphabetic fields cannot be edited. Syntax: MASK [letter] [BWZ] [letter-4] For example: WS-TFLAG WS-CFLAG
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W W
3 P 0 MASK ('ZZ,ZZ9') 3 P 0 MASK ('--,--9')

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Points to Note W.R.T MASK

[BWZ] BWZ (Blank When Zero) suppresses printing a numeric field when it contains all zeroes. Example: W-VAR1 W 6 N 0 VALUE 123 MASK + BWZ
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Print Edit Mask

It is an alphabetic literal created with a combination of the following characters :9 - causes any digit to print. Z - causes any digit except leading zeroes to print * - causes an asterisk to replace leading zero digits
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Print Edit Mask(Contd.)

- - causes a minus sign to print before the first or after the last digit of a negative number. $ - causes a currency symbol to print before the first non-zero digit. X - allows any character to be printed with the edited data.
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Examples
ONE W 4 B VALUE 1 WS-TEST-MODE-FLAG W 1 A W 36 A WS-NPGDATE-AREA WS-NPGDATE WS-NPGDATE-AREA 6 N W 6 N WS-DATE1 WS-DD1 WS-DATE1 2 N WS-MM1 WS-DATE1 +2 2 N WS-YY1 WS-DATE1 +4 2 N W 4 N MASK ('ZZZZ') WS-STOREYYMM W 25 A OCCURS 5 WS-APPLIT
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Module 3-Activity Section

Duration: 2 hrs JOB Statement Assignment Statement Conditional Branching Case Stmt / PERFORM Stmt / STOP stmt Input / Output Stmt Controlled I/O Procedure Processing
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Activity Section
Activity section is an important part of Easytrieve Plus program since it covers logic, statement framing and almost similar to procedure division in COBOL. JOB START
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Job Stmt.
Identifies the files whose Records are automatically provided JOB INPUT(FILE-NAME [KEY(FIELD-NAME)] [NAME Job-name]
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Example
JOB INPUT ( MAST-FILE-KEY(MAST-EMP-ID) + TRAN-FILE KEY(TRAN-EMP-ID)) JOB INPUT NULL JOB INPUT PAYFILE JOB INPUT JDB + START INIT JOB
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Null Subparameter
NULL - code this subparameter to inhibit automatic input. Normally, a job is implicitly stopped when the automatic input file(s) is exhausted. However, if you code NULL, the program continues running until a STOP statement is executed. Example : JOB INPUT NULL
SORT Activity
SORT File-name-1 TO File-name-2 + USING (Field-name) + [BEFORE (proc name)] + [Name Sort-name]
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Report
REPORT is the first stmt of the report declaratives. Parameters: Format Determination File Directing Spacing Control Testing Aids
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Report(Cond.)
REPORT report-name + [Summary] LABELS ([ACROSS literal-1] + [DOWN literal-2] + [SIZE literal-3] + [NEWPAGE] File [PRINTER file-name]
Format Determination
Directing
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Report(Contd.)
[PAGESIZE literal-4] + [LINESIZE literal-5] + [SPREAD] + [NOSPREAD] [LIMIT literal-6] + [EVERY literal-7]
Spacing Control
Testing Aids
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Assignment Statement
The format used to copy data from one field to another, or from a literal to a field. The syntax field-1 [= EQ] field-2 [literal-1] In the above, the value of field-1 is set equal to the value of field-2 or literal-1.
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Points To Note
a. Only one equivalent may be specified i.e. either
field-2 or literal-1 e.g field-1 = field-2 or field-1 = literal-1 b. If field-1 has been DEFINEd as alphabetic, literal must also be alphabetic. If literal is shorter than field-1, padding is on the right. C. If both field-1 and field-2 are alphabetic, but not the same size, padding or truncation, as appropriate occurs on the right.
Contd .
D. If field-1 is alphabetic and field-2 is numeric, the resulting value in field-1 will be zonal decimal, with padding or truncation on the left, as necessary. E. If field-1 is numeric, field-2 or literal must be numeric.
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Conditional Branching
IF salary GT 7778 bonus = 888 ELSE bonus = 999 END-IF. DO and END-DO GOTO procedure/para name PERFORM
Case Stmt
CASE <field-1> when <value-1> perform action-1 when <value-2> perform action-2 END-CASE
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Perform Stmt
PERFORM procedure/para name PERFORM statement cause a branch to another location in the program.
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Input / Output Stmts

EASYTRIEVE PLUS supports the following input and output statements JOB - specifies the input file PRINT - initiates report output DISPLAY - produces printed output not directly supported by a report.
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Print Statement
The PRINT statement initiates report output by causing the named report to extract the current value of the fields to be output and to format them according to the specifications immediately or deferred. E.g PRINT report-name
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Print Stmt. (Cond.)

The report-name parameter is the name of the report which contains the data being output with the PRINT statement. It is important that the data should be made available along with report format before executing the print statement.
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Display Stmt
The Display statement outputs data to the system printer or a named file. This data is spaced according to the specified parameters. DISPLAY [field-name] e.g DISPLAY error-message
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Procedure Processing
Procedures are defined using the PROC and END-PROC statements. Invoked By : PERFORM statement. PROC and END-PROC statements <proc-name>. PROC Statements Statements END-PROC
Relational Operators
Valid Relational Operators are EQ = Equal NE Not equal LT < Less than LE <= Less than or equal to GT > Greater than GE >= Greater than or equal to
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STOP Stmt
This statement terminates EASYTRIEVE PLUS activities. It can be used for premature termination of activities using automatic input. The STOP statement must be used to terminate JOB activities which have INPUT NULL. Format STOP [EXECUTE] STOP
Controlled I/O Stmts

Provides the capability to process any sequential or keyed file (ISAM or VSAM). Stmts are:GET - sequentially reads one record POINT - positions a keyed file to a particular record for subsequent sequential I/O PUT - sequentially writes one record READ - reads one keyed record WRITE - rewrites, adds one keyed record.
GET Stmt
The GET statement makes the next sequential record of the named file available for processing. Syntax: GET file-name The file name parameter is required. It can be any file name declared in the Library section.
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PUT Stmt.
The PUT statement outputs data to a sequential file whose name is specified in the statement. Syntax PUT file-name-1 [from file-name-2] PUT creates new sequential file or adds consecutive records to an existing VSAM file. Both file-name-1 and file-name-2 should be declared in Library section.
Point Stmt
The POINT statement initiates a search for a position within an indexed or relative-record file, based on a comparison between keys in the file and a search value specified in the statement. Syntax: POINT file-name [EQ/GE] [field-name, + literal]
Point stmt.(Contd.)
The POINT statement only locates the specified position of the record in the file. We still have to use GET statement to retrieve the data for processing. File-name must have a declaration in the Library section of the program.
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READ stmt
The READ statement provides random access to keyed and relative-record VSAM and ISAM files. Syntax : READ file-name KEY field-name STATUS File-name is the file need to be accessed and should be declared in the Library section of the program.
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Read Stmt (Contd.)

KEY field-name This parameter serves as a search value to identify the specific record to be retrieved. The contents of the specified field-name must match the contents of the key of the desired record. STATUS This parameter is optional. If included,
Read Stmt. (Contd.)

Execution of the READ statement sets a return code in the FILE-STATUS field of the input file to indicate the success or failure of the operation.
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Write Stmt
The WRITE statement is used in the maintenance of keyed and relative-record VSAM files. Write updates or deletes the current record of the named file, or adds new records. Syntax: WRITE file-name [delete,update,add] from file-name-1
Write Stmt(Contd.)
File-name names the file to be modified. It must have declaration in the library section [delete update add] These parameters specify the maintenance activity to be performed. They are required for deleting or adding records. It is optional
Write Stmt(Contd.)
for update activity. The default is UPDATE. File-name-1 This is optional. If included, the write statement copies the current record to the file-name.
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Exercise 1
Which file is retrieved in the following cases?
FILE FILE1 VAR1 1 10 VAR2 11 2 FILE FILE2 VAR3 1 10 VAR4 11 2 (1) JOB INPUT VAR1 A (2) JOB N SORT FILE1 TO FILE2 + USING (VAR2) (3) JOB A (4) JOB INPUT NULL N
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Exercise 2
What will be produced in the Report? REPORT ABC TITLE 01 COL 20 SSN TITLE 02 SYSDATE COL 20 NAME (Assume, SSN = 123-45-6789 and NAME = IMR)
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Module 4- Error Messages

Topics Duration: 1/2 hrs Error Messages Error Codes Syntax Diagnostic Messages
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Error Types
Easytreive Plus provides a comprehensive set of diagnostic messages which fall into 2 categories Operational Errors & Pgm Syntax Errors
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Error Codes
A001 File OPEN Error A002 Invalid block Size A003 Insufficient Core storage A005 I/O error A007 Table input not in sequence A008 Too many table entries A009 report processing terminated due to sort error A012 Invalid Length of file name A013 wrong record length for a file
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Syntax Diagnostic Messages

B003 - Expected continuation not received B004 - Report Exceeds page size B007 - Invalid IF - END-if pairing B010 - Invalid Block size B011- Table input not in sequence B012 - Duplicate name for a file, field or report B027 - Not a valid name file,field or report B048 - Field name not in file B094 - Invalid record format
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Module 6- Dealing with DB2

Duration : 1 hours EZT Plus Structure DB2 Statements Cursors-Processing SQLCA Error Handling
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Structure of EZT Plus

For DB2 Environment Section
PARM statement only
Library Definition Section

Host variable declaration and cursor declaration
Activity Description section(s)

DB2 processing like opening, fetching, closing the cursor.
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DB2 Statements
Add SQL before every DB2 Statement Example: SQL UPDATE PHVICCI + SET PH_INIT_CNT_RPRNT = + :BLANKONE + WHERE CURRENT OF VICCICURSOR
Cursor-Processing
Best way to handle the DB2. Steps involved
Declare cursor Open Cursor Fetch Cursor Close Cursor
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Cursor-Processing(Contd.)
Declare the Cursor Declared in Library section asSQL DECLARE <cursor-name> CURSOR FOR <select statement(query)> Example : SQL DECLARE EMPCURSOR CURSOR + FOR SELECT EMPNO, ENAME FROM + EMP_TABLE WHERE DEPTNO = 100
Open the Cursor Coded in Activity Section asSQL OPEN <cursor-name> Example : SQL OPEN EMPCURSOR
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Fetch the Cursor Coded in Activity Section asSQL FETCH <cursor-name> INTO :<hostvariables> Example : SQL FETCH EMPCURSOR INTO + :W-NO + :W-NAME
Close the Cursor Coded in Activity Section asSQL CLOSE <cursor-name> Example : SQL CLOSE EMPCURSOR
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SQLCA
No need to include SQLCA explicitly. Any field of SQLCA can be used without declaration.
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Error Handling
SQLCODE is used to find the error if occurred. DSNTIAR routine can be used to handle the errors. It is a standard error-reporting routine IBM supplied as a part of DB2. DSNTIAR requires three arguments.
First argument is SQLCA Second argument identifies the data area where you want DSNTIAR to return formatted error messages. Third arg. Is numeric item that contains the length of the individual text lines the routine returns.
Error Handling(Contd.)
Calling DSNTIAR in Easytrieve PlusActivity Section Entry:IF SQLCODE NE +0 +100 PERFORM ERR-ROUTINE END-IF ERR-ROUTINE. PROC CALL DSNTIAR USING + (SQLCA, WS-SQL-MSG, WS-SQL-TEXT-LEN) -------Rel. Dt: 07 Jun, 1999 C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00 Slide: 96/114
Error Handling(Contd.)
Library Section Entry :WS-SQL-MSG W 1682 A WS-SQL-MSG-LEN WS-SQL-MSG 2 B 0 + VALUE +1680 WS-SQL-MSG-LINE WS-SQL-MSG +2 80 A + OCCURS 21 INDEX MSG-INDX WS-SQL-TEXT-LEN W 4 B 0 VALUE +80 DB2-RETURN-CODE W 2 B 0
Quiz
1. Which DB2 routine is used to deal with SQL errors? 2. In which section of Easytrieve Plus cursors are opened? 3. In which section of Easytrieve Plus SQLCA is included?
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Quiz - Answers
1. DSNTIAR. 2. Activity section 3. No declaration for SQLCA
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Module 6- Dealing with IMS

Duration : 2 hours Introduction to IMS Database FILE Statement RECORD Statement SSA DLI Functions DLI statement RETRIEVE Statement
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Introduction to IMS Database

Hierarchical Database Most, if not all, IMS data bases use VSAM data sets, either KSDS or RRDS. Root (parent) and Child hierarchy. Root segment is the entry point to Database Maximum level is 15 from root to lowest child
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Introduction to IMS Database

I M V I t e m L o c 1L o c 2L 1 o c 3L o c 4L S e n D d a t a b o r 1 I t e m o c 1L 2 I t e m o c 1 3 a s e
o c 2L
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FILE Statement
Identifies the Database Defines the PCB to be processed Syntax :FILE filename DLI (dbd-name [literal-1] Example: FILE HISDB DLI (NPDH006) HIS-PCB 1 250 A HIS-STATUS 11 2 A
RECORD Statement
Identifies the database segment segments which are to be available for processing. One RECORD statement must be coded for each segment of the database to be processed. Must be coded in the same order as in PSB which defines the database. All segment of the database need not be defined, but the parent of each RECORD must be coded.
RECORD Statement(Contd.)
Syntax :RECORD segment-1 literal-1 [segment-2] Literal-1 - positive integer (length of segment) Segment-2 -Parent of segment-1 Example : RECORD ECHILD 262 EROOT ESTAFNO 1 7 A ESURNME 8 20 A
Record Definitions
Record definition should start with word RECORD followed by record name. Record allocates a work work space which contains the segment data during execution RECORD EROOT STAFF-NO 1 7 SURNAME 8 20 INITIALS 48 4 DEPT 138 6
N A A A
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Record Formats
F = Fixed unblocked V = Variable unblocked U = undefined FB= Fixed blocked VB= Variable Blocked VSS = variable blocked spanned.
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SSA
Segment Search Argument Unqualified SSAs Qualified SSAs Unqualified SSASSA-UNQUAL W 8 A VALUE EROOT Qualified SSAs SSA-QUAL W 27 A + VALUE EROOT (ESTAFNO > 10000)
DLI Functions
Four character field Specifies the operation to be performed GU, GN, GNP, GHU, GHN, GHNP, ISRT, REPL, DLET G indicates GET H indicates HOLD- is used in either updating or Deleting the segment.
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DLI statement
Provides controlled I/O of an IMS database. Anywhere in the JOB Complete control over the creation and maintenance of a database. Syntax :DLI file-name record-name dli-function [SSANO field-name] SSA ssa-name
file-name identifies the database to be processed
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DLI statement(Contd.)
Example DLI HISDB EROOT GU SSA (SSA-QUAL) In library sectionSSA-QUAL W 27 A VALUE EROOT (ES TAFNO = ) SSA-ROOT-KEY SSA-QUAL +19 7 A SSA-END SSA-QUAL +27 1 A VALUE )
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RETRIEVE Statement
Immediately following the JOB statement Describe automatic database input. Only one RETRIEVE Statement in JOB activity Syntax:RETRIEVE file-name SELECT (record-name [SSA ssa-name] + [ LIMIT literal] + [ WHILE (condition) ])
RETRIEVE Statement
Example : JOB INPUT JDB RETRIEVE JDB SELECT JROOT + WHILE ( A-DATABASE = NPDH006 + AND A-SEGMENT = EROOT)
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Handling Status code

Two character field spaces - Successful retrieval GE- Segment not found GB- End of Database GA- Current position goes up one or more level GP - Issuing GNP without establishing parentage.
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EASYTRIEVE PLUS

Rel. Dt: 07 Jun, 1999

C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

Rel. Dt: 07 Jun, 1999

C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

Rel. Dt: 07 Jun, 1999

C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

Rel. Dt: 07 Jun, 1999

Rel. Dt: 07 Jun, 1999

C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

Module 2-Library Section

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C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

Module 3-Activity Section

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Module 4- Error Messages

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C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

Module 5- Dealing with DB2

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C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

Module 6- Dealing with IMS

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C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

Rel. Dt: 07 Jun, 1999

C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

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C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

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C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

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C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

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C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

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C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

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C014 Easytrieve Version 1.00

Module 2 - Library Section

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File Type Parameter

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Data Formats For Fields

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Example File Declaration

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