Voco

H ni 2009
Ngc Quang su tp v gii
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
PHNG PHP BO TON NGUYN T

VD1 :
Cho chui phn ng nh sau :
Fe Fe3O4 Fe2O3 Fe2(SO4)3 Fe(NO3)3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3 Fe3O4
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra . V tnh s mol ca cc nguyn t trong hp cht . a ra nhn xt
VD2 :Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol Fe ; 0,2 mol FeO , O,2 mol Fe2O3 v 0,1 mol Fe3O4 tc dng hon ton
vi dung dch H2SO4 c nng . Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v tnh khi lng mui thu c .
Bi ton ny nu cc em gii bnh thng s phi vit rt nhiu phng trnh
Nu dng phng php bo ton nguyn t :
S mol Fe c trong FeO = 0,2 ; Fe2O3 = 0,4 ; Fe3O4 = 0,3 mol , Fe ban u 0,1
Tng s mol Fe l : 0,2 + 0,4 + 0,3 + 0,1 = 1 mol
(Fe , FeO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 ) + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O
1 mol
0,5 mol (Bo ton nguyn t Fe )
Khi lng ca mui l : 0,5.400 = 200 gam
Cu 1:Cho 1,6 gam bt Fe2O3 tc dng vi axit d HCl .Khi lng mui trong dung dch sau phn ng
l ?
0,1 mol Fe2O3 c 0,2 mol
Fe FeCl3
0,2 0,2
Khi lng mui

Cu 2 :Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm Fe , FeO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 trong dung dch HNO3 long nng d thu
c 4,48 lt kh NO duy nht ktc v 96,8 gam mui Fe(NO3)3 phn ng . Tnh s mol HNO3
s : 1,4 mol
( Fe , FeO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 ) + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O
0,4
0,2
S mol mui : Fe(NO3)3 = 0,4 mol S mol N l : 3.0,4 = 1,2 mol
S mol N : 4,48/22,4 = 0,2 mol
Tng s mol N v phi : 1,2 + 0,2 = 1,4
S mol N v tri = 1,4
S mol HNO3 = 1,4 mol
Cu hi ph : Tnh m H2O to thnh , m xit ban u .
Cu 3 :Hn hp X gm mt xit ca st c khi lng 2,6 gam . Cho kh CO d i qua X nung nng , kh
i ra hp th vo dung dch nc vi trong d th thu c 10 gam kt ta . Tnh tng khi lng ca Fe
c trong X l ?
S : 1 gam .
(Fe , FexOy ) + CO Fe + CO2
2,6 gam
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
0,1
0,1 (tnh c t 10 gam kt ta )
S mol CO = CO2 = 0,2 (Bo ton C )
S mol O c trong FexOy + O trong CO = O trong CO2
n O (FexOy ) = 0,1.2 0,1.1 = 0,1 Khi lng ca O = 1.16 = 1,6
m Fe = 2,6 1,6 = 1 gam
Cu 4 :Ho tan hon ton m gam Fe trong dung dch HCl thu c x gam mui clorua . Nu ho tan hon
ton m gam Fe trong dung dch HNO 3 long d th thu c y gam mui nitrat . Khi lng 2 mui chnh
lch nhau 23 gam . Ga tr ca m l ?
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
-1-
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Fe + HCl FeCl2
a
a
Fe + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3
a
a
Khi lng FeCl2 = x = 127a
Khi lng Fe(NO3)3 = y = 242a
y x = 23 242a 127a = 115a = 23 a = 0,2
m Fe = 0,2.56 = 11,2 gam
Cu 5 :Ho tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS 2 v a mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 va thu c
dung dch X ch cha hai mui sunfat v kh duy nht NO . Ga tr ca a l ?
S : a = 0,06 mol
Dng phng php bo ton nguyn t :
FeS2 Fe2(SO4)3 (1)
0,12
0,06
Cu2S CuSO4
a
(Bo ton nguyn t Fe )

(2)
2a
(Bo ton nguyn t Cu )
Bo ton nguyn t S :
V tri :0,24 + a
v V phi :0,18 + 2a
0,24 + a = 0,18 + 2a a = 0,06 mol

Chn p n D
Cu 6 :Cho kh CO i qua ng s cha 16 gam Fe2O3 un nng sau phn ng thu c hn hp rn X

gm Fe , FeO , Fe3O4 , Fe2O3 . Ho tan hon ton X bng H2SO4 c nng thu c dung dch Y . C cn
dung dch Y thu c lng mui khan l bao nhiu
S : 40
CO + Fe2O3 (Fe , FeO , Fe3O4 , Fe2O3 ) + CO2
(Fe , FeO , Fe3O4 , Fe2O3 ) + H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O
Nh vy : Fe2O3 Fe2(SO4)3
0,1
0,1 ( Bo ton nguyn t Fe )
Khi lng Fe2(SO4)3 = 400.0,1 = 40
Cu hi thm : Nu cho bit kh SO2 thu uc l 0,3 mol , Tnh n H2SO4 ,
Cu 7 :Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm 6,4 gam Cu v 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch HNO 3 1M sau phn
ng thu c dung dch A v kh NO duy nht . Cho tip dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A thu c
kt ta B v dung dch C . Lc kt ta B ri em nung ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i th khi
lng cht rn thu c l ?
S : 16
Cu Cu(NO3)2 Cu(OH)2 CuO
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
-2-
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
0,1
0,1 ( Bo ton nguyn t Cu )
Fe Fe(NO3)3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3
0,1
Cht rn l : CuO 0,1 mol ; Fe2O3 0,05 mol
Khi lng : 80.0,1 + 0,05.160 = 16 gam
Cu 8 :Ho tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,4 mol FeO v 0,1 mol Fe2O3 vo dung dch HNO3 long d ,
thu c dung dch A v kh NO duy nht . Dung dch A cho tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d thu c
kt ta . Ly ton b kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn c khi
lng l ?
S : 48 gam
FeO Fe(NO3)3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3
0,4
0,2 (bo ton Fe )
Fe2O3 Fe(NO3)3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3
0,1
0,1
Cht rn sau khi nung l : Fe2O3 : 0,3 mol Khi lng 0,3.16 = 48 gam
Cu 9 :Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Fe v Fe2O3 trong dung dch HCl thu c 2,24 lt kh
H2 ktc v dung dch B .Cho dung dch B tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d lc ly kt ta , nung trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c cht rn c khi lng bng 24 gam . Tnh m ?
s : 21.6 gam .
Fe + HCl H
0,1
0,1
Fe FeCl2 Fe(OH)2 Fe2O3
0,1
0,05 (bo ton Fe )
Fe2O3 FeCl3 Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3
a
a
Theo phng trnh s mol Fe2O3 thu c l : 0,05 + a
Cht rn sau khi nung l : Fe2O3 : 24/160 = 0,15 mol 0,05 + a = 0,15 a = 0,1
m = 0,1.56 + 0,1.160 = 21,6
Bi tp lm thm :
BI TON CO2
Dn kh CO2 vo dung dch kim NaOH , KOH th t xy ra phn ng :
CO2 + KOH KHCO3
KHCO3 + KOH K2CO3 + H2O
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
-3-
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
Ngoi ra ta c th vit lun hai phn ng :

1----------
CO2 + KOH KHCO3
(1)
2----------
CO2 + 2KOH K2CO3
(2)
Xt t s mol : k = n KOH / n CO2

Nu k 1 Ch c phn ng (1) , mui thu c l KHCO3 (D CO2 )
Nu 1 < k < 2 C c hai phn ng , mui thu c l hai mui KHCO3 , K2CO3 (Sau phn
ng c CO2 v KOH u ht ).
Nu k 2 Ch c phn ng (2) , mui thu c l mui trung ha K2CO3 . (d KOH)
Cu 1:Cho 1,568 lt CO2 ktc li chm qua dung dch c ha tan 3,2 gam NaOH . Hy xc
nh khi lng mui sinh ra ?
n CO2 = 0,07 mol , n NaOH = 0,08 mol k = 0,08/0,07 = 1,14 > 1 v < 2 C c hai phn
ng (1) , (2) , hai mui to thnh v CO2 , NaOH u ht .
---------CO2 + NaOH NaHCO3 (1)
x
x
x
---------CO2 + 2NaOH Na2CO3 (2)
y
2y
y
Gi s mol ca kh CO2 tham gia mi phn ng l : x , y
S mol CO2 phn ng : x + y = 0,07 , s mol NaOH : x + 2y = 0,08
x = 0,06 , y = 0,01 mol
Mui thu c : NaHCO3 : 0,06 mol , Na2CO3 : 0,01 mol
Khi lng mui : 0,06.84 + 0,01.56 = 6,1 gam
Dn kh CO2 vo dung dch kim Ca(OH)2 , Ba(OH)2 th t xy ra phn ng :
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O (1)
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2 (2)
Ngoi ra ta c th vit lun hai phn ng :
1----------
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
(1)
2----------
2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO 3)2
(2)
Xt t s mol : k = n CO2 / n Ca(OH)2

Nu k 1 Ch c phn ng (1) , mui thu c l CaCO3 (D Ca(OH)2)
Nu 1 < k < 2 C c hai phn ng , mui thu c l hai mui CaCO3 , Ca(HCO3)2 (Sau
phn ng c CO2 v Ca(OH)2 u ht ).
Nu k 2 Ch c phn ng (2) , mui thu c l mui trung ha Ca(HCO3)2 . (d CO2 )
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
-4-
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Cu 2 :Cho 8 lt hn hp kh CO v CO2 trong CO2 chim 39,2 % i qua dung dch c

cha 7,4 gam Ca(OH)2 . Hy xc nh s gam kt ta thu c sau phn ng ?
Hn hp kh CO , CO2 ch c CO2 phn ng vi Ca(OH)2 Th tch kh CO2 = 8.39,2/100 =
313,6 n = 0,14 mol . nCa(OH)2 = 7,4/74 = 0,1 mol
k = 1,4 C hai phn ng .
1---------CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
(1)
x
x
x
2---------2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO 3)2
(2)
y
y/2
Gi s mol ca CO2 v Ca(OH)2 phn ng l x , y
S mol CO2 : x + y = 0,14 , s mol Ca(OH)2 : x + y/2 = 0,1 mol
x = 0,06 ; y = 0,08 mol
Khi lng kt ta l : 0,06.100 = 6 gam
Cu 3 :Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh ancol etylc vi hiu sut 81% .Ton b lng CO2
vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c 550 gam kt ta v dung dch X un k dung dch X thu
thm c 100 gam kt ta . Ga tr ca m l ?
(C6H10O5)n + n H2O n C6H12O6
3,75/n
3,75
Phn ng ln men : C6H12O6 2CO2 + 2H2O
3,75---------7,5
Dn CO2 vo dung dch nc vi trong m thu c dung dch X khi un nng X thu c kt ta chng t
rng c Ca(HCO3)2 to thnh .
Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
1- ----------------------1 mol
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + Ca(HCO3)2 + H2O
5,5
1
Bo ton nguyn t C S mol CO2 = 7,5
Khi lng tinh bt : 162.3,75.100/81 = 750
Cu 4 : Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt kh CO2 ktc vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng a
mol/l , thu c 15,76 gam kt ta .Ga tr ca a l ?
n CO2 = 0,12 mol , n BaCO3 = 0,08 mol
n CO2 > n BaCO3 Xy ra 2 phn ng :
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + Ba(HCO3)2 + H2O
0,12
0,08
Bo ton nguyn t C S mol ca C Ba(HCO3)2 l : 0,12 0,08 = 0,04 mol
S mol ca Ba(HCO3)2 = 0,02 mol
Bo ton nguyn t Ba S mol Ba(OH)2 = 0,08 + 0,02 = 0,1 mol CM Ba(OH)2 = 0,1/2,5 = 0,04 M
Cu 5 :Cho 3,36 lt kh CO2 ktc vo 200 ml dung dch cha NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 0,5M .
Khi lng kt ta thu c sau phn ng l ?
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
-5-
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
n CO2 = 0,15 mol , n OH- = 0,2 + 0,2 = 0,4 mol , n Ba2+ = 0,1 mol
CO2 + OH- HCO30,15 0,4 ------0,15
OH- d = 0,4 0,15 = 0,25 mol ,
HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O
0,15
0,25 -0,15 mol
OH d : 0,25 0,15 = 0,1 mol
Ba2+ + CO32- BaCO3
0,1
0,15 ----0,1 mol
Khi lng kt ta l : 0,1.197 = 19,7 gam
Cu 6 :Dn 5,6 lt CO2 hp th hon ton vo 500 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 nng a M
th thu c 15 gam kt ta . Ga tr ca a l ?
Gii tng t bi 4 .
Cu 7 :Dn 112 ml CO2 ktc hp th han ton vo 200 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 thu c 0,1
gam kt ta . Nng mol ca nc vi trong l ?
Gii tng t bi 4 .
Cu 8 :Dn 5,6 lt CO2 hp th hon ton vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH nng a M thu c
dung dch X c kh nng tc dng ti a 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M .
Tnh a ?
n CO2 = 0,25 mol , n KOH = 0,1 mol
Dung dch X c kh nng ha tan c KOH nn X phi c mui NaHCO3
NaHCO3 + KOH Na2CO3 + K2CO3 + H2O
0,1 -----0,1
Ta c th vit tm tt phn ng :
CO2 + NaOH Na2CO3 + NaHCO3 + H2O
0,25
0,1
Bo ton nguyn t C S mol Na2CO3 = 0,15 mol
Bo ton nguyn t Na S mol NaOH = 0,1 + 0,15.2 = 0,4
CM NaOH = 0,4/0,2 = 2 M
Cu 9. Cho ton 0,448 lt kh CO2 (ktc) hp th hon ton bi 200 ml dung

dch Ba(OH)2 thu c 1,97 gam kt ta. Hy la chn nng mol/l ca dung
dch Ba(OH)2.
A. 0,05M
B. 0,1M
C. 0,15M
D. p n khc.
Gii tng t Cu 4
Cu 10. Cho 3,36lt kh CO2 (ktc) hp th bng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M
v Ba(OH)2 1M th thu c bao bao nhiu gam kt ta.
A. 19,7 gam
B. 24,625 gam
C. 14,775 gam
D. c A,
B u ng.
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
-6-
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Gii tng t cu 5
Cu 11. Hn hp X gm 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi thuc 2 chu k lin tip
ca phn nhm chnh nhm II. Ha tan ht 16,18 gam hn hp A trong dung
dch HCl thu c kh B. Cho ton b kh B hp th vo 500 ml dung dch
Ba(OH)2 1M. Lc b kt ta , ly dung dch nc lc tc dng vi lng d dung dch
Na2SO4 th thu c 11,65 gam kt ta. Xc nh cng thc ca 2 mui.
A. BeCO3 v MgCO3
B. MgCO3 v CaCO3
C. CaCO3 v SrCO3
D.
c A, B u ng
n Ba(OH)2 = 0,5mol , n BaSO4 = 0,05 mol
Xt bi ton t : phn dn kh CO2 qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M .
Trng hp (1) ch xy ra mt phn ng
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O (1)
0,15---0,45
Sau phn ng Ba(OH)2 d
Ba(OH)2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NaOH
0,05 ------------------0,05 mol
S mol Ba(OH)2 tham gia phn ng (1) = 0,5 0,05 = 0,45
Gi cng thc trung bnh ca hai mui : MCO3
MCO3 + 2HCl MCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,2---------------------------0,2
MCO3 = 16,18/0,2 = 80,9 M = 20,19 Mg , Be tha mn
Trng hp 2 : C 2 phn ng : Vit tm tt li
Ba(OH)2 + CO2 BaCO3 + Ba(HCO3)2 + H2O (1)
0,5
0,05
Ba(HCO3)2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NaHCO3
0,05 -----------------------0,05
Bo ton s mol Ba (1) S mol BaCO3 = 0,045
Bo ton C (1) S mol CO2 = 0,45 + 0,1 = 0,55
MCO3 + 2HCl MCl2 + CO2 + H2O
0,55-------------------------0,55
MCO3 = 16,18/0,55 = 29,4 Mg , Ca tha mn
Chn D .
Cu 12 : Mt bnh cha 15 lt dd Ba(OH)2 0,01M. Sc vo dd V lt

kh CO2 (ktc) ta thu c 19,7g kt ta trng th gi tr ca V l:
A. 2,24 lt
B. 4,48 lt
C. 2,24 lt v 1,12 lt
D. 4,48 lt v 2,24 lt
n Ba(OH)2 = 0,15 mol , n BaCO3 = 0,1 mol
V CO2 l nhn t gy ra hai phn ng nn s c 2 p n ca CO2 tha mn u bi .
Trng hp (1) ch c 1 phn ng :
CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + H2O
0,15
0,1
S mol CO2 tnh theo BaCO3 : n CO2 = 0,1 mol V CO2 = 2,24 mol
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
-7-
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Trng hp 2 : C c 2 phn ng : Vit tm tt li

0,15-----v----0,1 ----------0,05
Bo ton nguyn t Ba : S mol Ba(HCO3)2 l 0,05 mol
Bo ton nguyn t C : S mol CO2 = 0,1 + 0,05.2 = 0,2 mol
V CO2 = 4,48 lt
Chn p n C .
Cu 13 : t chy hon ton cht hu c X cn 6,72 lt kh O2 ktc , cho ton b sn phm

chy vo bnh ng Ba(OH)2 thu c 19,7 gam kt ta v khi lng dung dch gim 5,5
gam . Lc b kt ta un nng dung dch li thu c 9,85 gam kt ta na . Tm cng thc
ca X
Theo gi thit : S mol O2 = 0,3 mol ; n BaCO3 lc u = 0,1 mol ; n BaCO3 sau khi un nng dd = 0,05 mol
Cch tm khi lng nguyn t C nhanh nht cho bi ton ny :
un nng dd :
Ba(HCO3)2 BaCO3 + CO2 + H2O
0,05
0,05

0,1
0,05
Bo ton nguyn t C S mol CO2 = 0,1 + 0,05.2 = 0,2 mol
Khi lng dd gim = m BaCO3 ( m CO2 + m H2O ) = 5,5 m H2O = 5,4 n H2O = 0,3 mol ( > n
CO2 Hp cht no )
T s mol H2O v CO2 n H = 0,6 ; n C = 0,2 ,
n O trong CO2 + n O trong H2O = 0,4 + 0,3 = 0,7 n O trong X = 0,7 0,6 = 0,1 ( 0,6 l s mol O trong O )
Gi ctpt ca X l CxHyOz x : y : z = 2 : 6 : 1 C2H6O
2
Cu 14 : Hp th hon ton 3,584 lt kh CO2 ktc vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,05M thu
c kt ta X v dung dch Y . Khi khi lng ca dung dch Y so vi khi lng dung
dch Ca(OH)2 s thay i nh th no ?
n CO2 = 0,16 mol , n Ca(OH)2 = 0,1 mol
n CO2 / n Ca(OH)2 = 1,6 C 2 phn ng .
----------CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
(1)
x
x
x
----------2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO3)2
(2)
y
y/2
Gi s mol ca CO2 tham gia hai phn ng l x , y mol
x + y = 0,16 ; x + y/2 = 0,1 x = 0,04 , y = 0,12
m CO2 a vo = 0,16.44 = 7,04
Khi lng kt ta tch ra khi dung dch l : 0,04.100 = 4 gam
Khi lng dung dch tng = m CO2 m = 3,04 gam .
Cu 15 : Cho 4,48l kh CO2 (dktc) vao` 500ml hn hp NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M. thu c m gam kt
ta . Tnh m
A:19,7
B:17,72
C:9,85
D:11,82
Bi gii :
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
-8-
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Gii bng phng php ion : n CO2 = 0,2 mol , n NaOH = 0,05 mol , n Ba(OH)2 = 0,1 mol Tng s mol OH- = 0,25 mol , s
mol Ba2+ = 0,2 mol
Xt phn ng ca CO2 vi OHCO2 + OH- HCO3Ban u
0,2 0,25
Tnh theo CO2 : HCO3- = 0,2 mol , OH- d = 0,25 0,2 = 0,05
Tip tc c phn ng :
HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O
Ban u
0,2
0,05
Tnh theo HCO3- : S mol CO32- = 0,05 mol
Tip tc c phn ng : CO32- + Ba2+ BaCO3
Ban u
0,05 0,2
Tnh theo CO32- : BaCO3 = 0,05 mol m = 0,05.197 = 9,85 gam
Chn p n C.
Cu 16: Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2
0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19,70.
B. 17,73.
C. 9,85.
D. 11,82.
n NaOH = 0,5.0,1 = 0,05 mol,n Ba(OH)2 = 0,5.0,2 = 0,1 mol , n CO2 = 4,48/22,4 = 0,2 mol
NaOH Na+ + OH0,05
0,05 mol
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH0,1
0,1
0,2 mol
n OH- = 0,05 + 0,2 = 0,25 mol

CO2 + OH- HCO3Ban u 0,2
0,25
CO2 ht , n OH- d : 0,25 0,2 = 0,025 mol , n HCO3- = 0,2 mol
OH- + HCO3- CO32- + H2O
Ban u 0,05
0,2
0,05
HCO3- d : 0,2 0,05 = 0,15 mol , n CO32- : 0,05 mol
Ba2+ + CO32- BaCO3
Ban u
0,1
0,05
Ba2+ d : 0,1 0,05 = 0,05 mol , n BaCO3 = 0,05 mol Khi lng kt ta : 197.0.05 = 9,85 gam
Chn C
PHNG PHP QUY I
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
-9-
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cc em thn mn , gii nhng bi ton hn hp gm nhiu cht nu gii bng cch thng
thng , nh t n , bo ton e , bo ton khi lng th bi ton s rt phc tp . gip cc em
gii nhanh nhng bi ton ny ti s gii thiu cho cc em phng php QUY I hn hp v cc
nguyn t .
V d nh hn hp FeS , FeS2 , S , Fe nu t s mol cc cht th s c 4 n , nhng nu cc em bit
cch quy i hn hp trn v F , S th ch cn hai nguyn t Ch cn hai n
V cn nhiu v d khc , hy vng cc v d di y s gip cc em nm bt c phng php gii
ton QUY I .
Cu 1: ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s mol FeO bng s mol Fe2O3),
cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,23.
B. 0,18.
C. 0,08.
D. 0,16.
V s mol FeO , Fe2O3 bng nhau nn ta c th quy i chng thnh Fe3O4 . Vy hn hp trn ch gm Fe3O4 .
n Fe3O4 = 2,32 : 232 = 0,01 mol
Fe3O4 + 8HCl 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4H2O
0,01
0,08 mol
n HCl = 0,08 mol V HCl = 0,08/1 = 0,08 lt

Chn C .
Cu 2: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c
1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 38,72.
B. 35,50.
C. 49,09.
D. 34,36.
n NO = 1,344/22,4 = 0,06 mol , gi x , y l s mol ca Fe(NO3)3 , H2O
(Fe , FeO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 ) + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O
11,36
2y.63
x
242x
0,06
0,06.30
y
18.y
Trong : x mol Fe(NO3)3 c : 3x mol N , Trong 0,06 mol NO c 0,06 mol N S mol N v tri : 3x + 0,06 mol
Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t : n N v tri = 3x + 0,06 n HNO3 = 3x + 0,06 (v 1 mol HNO3 tng ng vi 1 mol N ) .
Mt khc trong y mol H2O c 2y mol H S H HNO3 cng l 2y ( Bo ton H ) n HNO3 = 2y mol 3x + 0,06 = 2y 3x 2y =
-0,06 (1)
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng : 11,36 + 126y = 242x + 1,8 + 18y
242x 108y = 9,56 (2)
Giai (1) , (2) x = 0,16 mol , y = 0,27 m Fe(NO3)3 = 242.0,16 = 38,72 gam
Chn A
Cch 2 :
Hn hp gm Fe , FeO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 c to thnh t hai nguyn t O , Fe .
Ga s coi hn hp trn l hn hp ca hai nguyn t O , Fe . Ta quan st s bin i s oxi ha :
Fe 3e Fe+3
x 3x
O + 2e O-2
y 2y
N+5 + 3e N+2
0,18 0,06
Theo nh lut bo ton e : 3x 2y = 0,18
Tng khi lng hn hp l : 56x + 16y = 11,36
Gii h x = 0,16 mol , y = 0,15 mol
Vit phn ng ca Fe vi HNO3
Fe + HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + H2O
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 10 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
0,16
0,16 mol
khi lng mui l : 0,16.242 = 38,72 gam
Cu 3 : Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d). Sau
khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl 2 v
m gam FeCl 3 . Gi tr ca m l :
A. 9,75
B. 8,75
C. 7,80
D. 6,50
Ta c th quy i Fe 3 O 4 = FeO + Fe 2 O 3
Lc ny hn hp cht rn ch cn FeO , Fe 2 O 3
FeO + 2HCl FeCl 2 + H2O
x
x
Fe 2 O 3 + 6HCl 2FeCl 3 + 3H 2 O
Y
2y
Gi x , y l s mol ca cht FeO , Fe 2 O 3 .
m cht rn = 72x + 160y = 9,12 gam
Khi l ng mui FeCl 2 l : 127x = 7,62
Giai h : x = 0,06 mol , y = 0,03 mol
Khi l ng mui FeCl 3 = 2.0,03.162,5 = 9,75 gam
Chn p n A .
Cu 4: Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c 500 ml
dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Ca
B. Ba
C. K
D. Na
Dng phng php quy i nguyn t : M , M2On quy i thnh M , O
Ta c : Mx + 16y = 2,9
x = 0,5.0,04 = 0,02
M + nH2O M(OH)n + n/2H2
x
x
M Mn+ + ne;
O + 2e O2-;
2H+ + 2e H2
x----------nx
y--2y
0,02 0,01
Bo ton s mol e nx = 2y + 0,02
Gii h ta c : n = 2 ; M = 137 Ba
p n B
Cu 5: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, un nng v
khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht,
ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi
tr ca m l
A. 151,5.
B. 97,5.
C. 137,1.
D. 108,9.
n NO = 0,15 mol ; kim loi d l Cu Ch to thnh mui st II
Quy i hn hp thnh 3 nguyn t Cu , Fe , O
S cho nhn e :
Cu 2e Cu2+
Fe 2e Fe2+
O + 2e O-2
x--2x
y--2y
z--2z
Bo ton mol e 2x + 2y = 2z + 0,45
Khi lng : 61,2 = 64x + 56y + 16z + 2,4 (Cu d )
V Fe3O4 n Fe : n O = y : z = 3 : 4
Giai h ta c : x = 0,375 ; y = 0,45 ; z = 0,6
Mui khan : Cu(NO3)2 = 0,375.188 = 70,5 ; Fe(NO3)2 = 0,45.180 = 81
Tng khi lng : 151,5 gam .
N+5 + 3e N+2
0,45-0,15
p n A
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 11 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Cu 6 : Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 24,8 gam hn hp cht rn X gm Cu , CuO , Cu2O
hon tan hon ton X trong H2SO4 c nng thot ra 4,48 lt kh SO2 duy nht ktc . Tnh m
Quy i Cu , CuO , Cu2O v hai nguyn t : Cu , O
Cu 2e Cu+2
O + 2e O-2
S+6 + 2e S+4
Gi x , y l s mol ca Cu , O 2x = 2y + 0,4 x y = 0,2
64x + 16y = 24,8
x = 0,35 , y = 0,15 m = 64.0,35 = 22,4
Cu 7 :Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Fe , FeCl2 , FeCl3 trong H2SO4 c nng thot ra
4,48 lt kh SO2 duy nht ktc v dung dch Y . Thm NH3 d vo Y thu c 32,1 gam kt ta .
Tnh m
Quy i hn hp Fe , FeCl2 , FeCl3 thnh Fe , Cl
S cho nhn e :
Fe 3e Fe+3
Cl- + e Cl-1
S+6 + 2e S+4
Gi x , y l s mol ca Fe , Cl
n SO2 = 0,2 mol
3x = y + 0,4
Fe Fe+3 Fe(OH)3
Kt ta l Fe(OH)3 c n = 0,3 x = 0,3 y = 0,5
Do m = 0,3.56 + 0,5.35,5 = 34,55
Cu 8 : 2002 A
Cho 18,5 gam hn hp Z gm Fe , Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 long un nng v khuy u .
Sau phn ng xy ra han ton thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht ktc , dung dch Z1 v cn li 1,46 gam kim
loi .
Tnh nng mol/lit ca dung dch HNO3
Dng phng php quy i nguyn t :
Hn hp z ch c hai nguyn t Fe , O .
V Z + HNO3 cn d kim loi Fe d , vy Z1 ch c mui st II
Fe - 2e Fe+2
x 2x
O + 2e O-2
y 2y
N+5 + 3e N+2
0,3
0,1
Theo nh lut bo ton e :
2x 2y = 0,3
Tng khi lng Z : 56x + 16y = 18,5 - 1,46
Gii h : x = 0,27 , y = 0,12
C phng trnh :
Fe + HNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + NO + H2O (1)
0,27
0,27
0,1
Bo ton nguyn t N (1) s mol HNO3 = 2.0,27 + 0,1 = 0,64
Nng mol ca HNO3 : 0,64 / 0,2 = 3,2
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 12 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Cu 9 : m gam bt Fe trong kh oxi thu c 7,36 gam cht rn X gm Fe , Fe2O3 , FeO , Fe3O4 .
ha tan hon ton hn hp X cn va ht 120 ml dung dch H2SO4 1M to thnh 0,224 lt kh H2 iu
kin tiu chun . Tnh m
Li gii :
Quy i hn hp X thnh 2 nguyn t Fe , O ; gi s mol st to thnh mui Fe II , st to thnh mui Fe III , O
l a ,b ,c
Ta c : 56a + 56b + 16c = 7,36
S cho nhn e :
Fe 2e Fe2+
Fe 3e Fe3+
O + 2e O-2
2H+1 + 2e H2
2a + 3b 2c = 0,02
Tm tt s phn ng :
Fe ( a mol ) Fe ( b mol ) + H2SO4 (0,12 mol ) FeSO4 (a mol ) + Fe2(SO4)3 (b/2 mol )
Bo ton nguyn t S : a + 3/2 b = 0,12
Gii h 3 phng trnh : a = 0,06 , b = 0,04 , c = 0,11
Tng s mol Fe : 0,06 + 0,04 = 0,1 Khi lng Fe : 0,1 . 56 = 5,6 gam
Cu 10 . Ho tan 20,8 gam hn hp bt gm FeS, FeS 2, S bng dung dch HNO3 c nng d thu c 53,76
lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, kC. v dung dch A. Cho dung dch A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d,
lc ly ton b kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c l:
A. 16 gam
B. 9 gam
C. 8,2 gam
D. 10,7 gam
Hn hp FeS , FeS2 , S c to ra t cc nguyn t : Fe , S
S mol NO2 = 53,76/22,4 = 2,4 mol
S bin i e :
Fe 3e Fe+3
x 3x
S - 6e S+6
y 6y
N+5 + 1e N+4
2,4 2,4 mol
Tng s mol e cho = tng s mol e nhn 3x + 6y = 2,4
Tng khi lng hn hp ban u : 56x + 32y = 20,8
Gii h ta c : x = 0,2 , y = 0,3 mol
Theo di s bin i cc nguyn t :
Fe Fe3+ Fe(OH)3 Fe2O3
0,2
S SO42- Na2SO4 tan
Khi lng cht rn l : khi lng Fe2O3 : 0,1.160 = 16 gam
Chn A
PHNG PHP GII TON ION

Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 13 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
Phng trnh ion :

iu kin c Phn ng gia cc ion : Mt trong 3 iu kin sau .
+ L phn ng ca Axt v Baz
+ Sn phm sau phn ng c kt ta .
+ Sn phm sau phn ng c kh
V d :
H+ + OH-
H2O
( Phn ng AXT BAZ TRUNG HO )
CO + 2H
CO2 + H2O
( Phn ng Axt Bazo TRUNG HO )
CO2 + H2O
23
HCO + H
3
HCO + OH23
2+
+
4
CO + Ba
23
CO + H2O
BaCO3 ( To kt ta )
NH + OH
NH3 + H2O
Cc dng ton nn gii theo phng php ion :
+ Nhiu axit + Kim loi
+ Nhiu baz + Nhm , Al3+ , H+
+ Nhiu mui CO32- , HCO3- + OH+ Cu + HNO3 (KNO3 , NaNO3 ) + H2SO4 .

( To kh )
Bi tp :
Phn I : Vit cc phng trnh phn ng di dng ion trong cc trng hp sau :
1.Trn dung dch gm NaOH , Ba(OH)2 , KOH vi dung dch gm HCl , HNO3 .
NaOH Na+ + OHBa(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OHKOH K+ + OHHCl H+ + ClHNO3 H+ + NO3Phng trnh ion : H+ + OH- H2O
2.Trn dung dch gm NaOH , Ba(OH)2 , KOH vi dung dch gm HCl , H2SO4
NaOH Na+ + OHBa(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OHKOH K+ + OHHCl H+ + ClH2SO4 2H+ + SO42Phng trnh ion :
H+ + OH- H2O
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 ( v BaSO4 l cht kt ta nn c phn ng )
3.Ho tan hn hp kim loi gm Na , Ba vo dung dch gm NaCl , Na2SO4

Na + H2O NaOH + H2
Ba + H2O Ba(OH)2 + H2
NaOH Na+ + OHBa(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OHNaCl Na+ + ClNa2SO4 2Na+ + SO42Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
4.Ho tan hn hp kim loi gm Na, Ba vo dung dch gm HCl , H2SO4

HCl H+ + ClH2SO4 2H+ + SO42-
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 14 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Ba + H+ Ba2+ + H2
Na + H+ Na+ + H2
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
5.Ho tan hn hp kim loi gm Na , Ba vo dung dch cha (NH4)NO3

Na + H2O NaOH + H2
NaOH Na+ + OHBa(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OHNH4NO3 NH4+ + NO3OH- + NH4+ NH3 + H2O ( c kh bay ln NH3 )
6.Ho tan hn hp kim loi gm K , Ca vo dung dch cha (NH4)2CO3

Na + H2O NaOH + H2
Ca + H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
NaOH Na+ + OHCa(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OH(NH4)2CO3 2NH4+ + CO32OH- + NH4+ NH3 + H2O
Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 (Kt ta )
7.Ho tan hn hp K , Ca vo dung dch hn hp cha NH4HCO3

Na + H2O NaOH + H2
Ca + H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
NaOH Na+ + OHCa(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OHNH4HCO3 NH4+ + HCO32OH- + NH4+ NH3 + H2O
OH- + HCO3- CO32- + H2O
Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3 (Kt ta )
8.Ho tan K , Na, Al vo nc

KOH K+ + OHNaOH Na+ + OHAl + OH- + H2O AlO2- + 3/2 H2
9.Ho tan hn hp gm Al , Fe vo dung dch hn hp gm HCl , H2SO4 .

HCl H+ + ClH2SO4 2H+ + SO42Al + 3H+ Al3+ + 3/2 H2
Fe + 3H+ Fe2+ + H2
10.Trn NaOH , KOH vi NaHCO3 v Ca(HCO3)2

KOH K+ + OHNaOH Na+ + OHNaHCO3 Na + HCO3Ca(HCO3)2 Ca2+ + 2HCO3-
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 15 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
OH- + HCO3- CO32- + H2O

CO32- + Ca2+ CaCO3
11.Trn dung dch gm Na2CO3 , K2CO3 vi dung dch cha CaCl2 , MgCl2 , Ba(NO3)2
Na2CO3 2Na+ + CO32K2CO3 2K+ + CO32CaCl2 Ca2+ + 2ClBa(NO3)2 Ba2+ + 2NO3Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3
Ba2+ + CO32- BaCO3
Nhn xt : Bi ton s rt phc tp nu cc em khng bit a v dng ion gii chng , thng th
cc em phi vit rt nhiu phng trnh S gy kh khn khi gi n .
Nu dng phng php ion ch cn 1,2 phng trnh Rt thun tin
Phn II : Bi tp
Cu 1 :Trn 200 ml dung dch hn hp NaOH 1M , Ba(OH)2 0,5M vo 300 ml dung dch hn hp
HCl 0,5M , H2SO4 1M Tnh nng ca cc ion cn li sau phn ng v Khi lng kt ta to thnh
NaOH Na+ + OH0,2
0,2
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH0,1
0,1
0,2
HCl H+ + Cl0,15 0,15
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,3
0,6
0,3
Tng s mol H+ : 0,75 mol , tng s mol OH- 0,4 mol , SO42- : 0,3 mol , Ba2+ : 0,1 mol ( cc ion tham gia
phn ng )
Cc ion khng tham gia phn ng : Na+ : 0,2 mol , Cl- 0,15 mol
Phng trnh ion :
H+
+
OH- H2O
Ban u
0,75
0,4
Phn ng
0,4
0,4
Kt thc
0,35
0
Ban u 0,1
Phn ng
Kt thc
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4

0,3
0,1
0,1
0,1
0
0,2
Kt thc phn ng cn li cc ion : H+ d 0,35 mol , SO42- d : 0,3 mol , Na+ : 0,2 mol , Cl- 0,15 mol
Tng th tch dung dch sau phn ng : 200 + 300 = 500 ml = 0,5 (l )
p dng cng thc tnh nng [Na+ ] = 0,2/0,5 = 0,4 M , [Cl- ] = 0,15/0,5 = 0,3 , [H+ ] = 0,35/0,5 = 0,7 ,
[SO42- ] = 0,3/0,5 = 0,6
Khi lng kt ta : 233.0,1 = 23,3 gam
Cu 2 :Trn 200 ml dung dch NaHSO4 0,075M v Ba(HSO4)2 0,15M vi V lit dung dch hn hp
NaOH 1M v Ba(OH)2 1M thu c dung dch c PH = 7 . Tnh V v khi lng kt ta to thnh .
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 16 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
NaOH Na+ + OHx

x
2+
Ba(OH)2 Ba + 2OHy
y
2y
NaHSO4 Na+ + HSO40,015
0,015
Ba(HSO4)2 Ba2+ + 2HSO40,03
0,03
0,06
Tng s mol ca cc ion tham gia phn ng : OH- : x + 2y , HSO4- : 0,075 , Ba2+ : y + 0,03
Phng trnh ion :
OH- + HSO4- SO42- + H2O (1)
0,075
0,075
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
dung dch thu c c mi trng PH = 7 (1) Phn ng va ,
x + 2y = 0,075
x = 0,1V ; y = 0,1V
0,3V = 0,075 V = 0,25 lt
Thay gi tr V Ba2+ : 0,025 + 0,03 = 0,055
S mol SO42- : 0,075 mol
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
Ban u
0,055 0,075
Phn ng
0,055 0,055
0,055
Kt thc
0
0,2
Khi lng kt ta l : 233.0,055 = 12,815 gam
thi tuyn sinh C 2007 :
Cu 3 :Thm m gam K vo 300 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH) 2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c dung
dch X . Cho t t 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M thu c kt ta Y . thu uc lng kt ta Y
ln nht th gi tr ca m l
A.1,17
B.1,71
C.1,95
D.1,59
Gi x l s mol K tham gia phn ng :
NaOH Na+ + OH0,03
0,03
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH0,03
0,03
0,06
2K + H2O 2KOH + H2
x
x
KOH K+ + OH2x
x
Al2(SO4)3 2Al3+ + 3SO420,02
0,04
0,06
Tng s mol OH- : 0,09 + x ; Al3+ : 0,04 mol
Al3+
+ 3OH- Al(OH)3 (1)
0,04
0,09 + x
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 (2)
Phn ng (2) cho kt ta khng i , kt ta cc i th phn ng (1) va
3.0,04 = 0,09 + x x = 0,03 m = 39.0,03 = 1,17 gam
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 17 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Cu 4 :Trn dung dch Ba2+ ; OH- : 0,06 v Na+ 0,02 mol vi dung dch cha HCO 3- 0,04 mol ;
(CO3)2- 0,04 mol v Na+.Khi lng (g)kt ta thu c sau phn ng l ?
Dng nh lut bo ton in tch :
Dung dch (1)
Ba2+ : a mol
OH- : 0,06 mol
Na+ : 0,02 mol
2a + 0,02 = 0,06 a = 0,02 mol
Dung dch (2)
HCO3- : 0,04 mol CO3- : 0,03 mol
Na+ : b mol
0,04 + 2.0,03= b b = 0,1
Phn ng ha hc ca cc ion
OH- + HCO3- CO32- + H2O
Ban u 0,06
0,04
Phn ng
0,04 0,04
0,04
Kt thc
0,02
0
0,04
Tng s mol CO32- : 0,04 + 0,03 = 0,07 mol
Ba2+ + CO32- BaCO3
Ban u 0,02
0,04
Phn ng
0,02
0,02
0,02
Kt thc
0
0,02
0,02
Khi lng kt ta thu c l : 0,02.197 = 3,94 gam
Cu 5 :Cho m gam hn hp Mg , Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v axit

H2SO4 0,5M thu c 5,32 lt kh H2 ktc v dung dch Y . Tnh PH ca dung dch Y ( Coi dung dch
c th tch nh ban u ) .
HCl H+ + Cl0,25 0,25
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,125
0,25
Tng s mol H+ : 0,5 mol
Theo gi thit n H2 = 0,2375 mol
Phng trnh ion
Mg + 2H+ Mg2+ + H2
2Al + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3H2
H+ phn ng = 2.n H2 = 0,475 mol
H+ d : 0,5 0,475 = 0,025 mol [H+] = 0,025/0,25 = 0,1 PH = 1
s : PH = 1
Cu 6 :Cho hn hp X cha Na2O , NH4Cl , NaHCO3 v BaCl2 c s mol mi cht u bng nhau .
Cho hn hp X vo H2O d un nng dung dch thu c cha .
A.NaCl B.NaCl , NaOH C.NaCl , NaOH , BaCl2 D.NaCl , NaHCO3 , NH4Cl , BaCl2
Na2O + H2O 2NaOH
a
2a
NaOH Na+ OH2a
2a
NH4Cl NH4+ + Cla
a
NaHCO3 Na+ + HCO3a
a
BaCl2 Ba2+ + 2Cl-
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 18 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
a
a
Cc phng trnh ion :
OH- + NH4+ NH3 + H2O
a
a OH- d a mol , NH4+ ht
OH- + HCO3- CO32- + H2O
a
a c OH- , HCO3- u ht
CO32- + Ba2+ BaCO3
a
a
C CO32- , Ba2+ u ht
Vy dung dch ch cn ion Cl- , Na+ Mui NaCl
Cu 7 :Trn 100 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml dung dch gm H2SO4
0,0375M v HCl 0,0125M thu c dung dch X . Tnh PH ca dung dch X .
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH0,01
0,01
0,02
NaOH Na+ + OH0,01
0,01
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,015
0,03 0,03
HCl H+ + Cl0,005 0,005
Tng s mol OH- : 0,03 mol , H+ 0,035 mol
Mc d c phn ng : Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 nhng n khng nh hng n PH Khng xt n .
OH+
H+ H2O
Ban u 0,03
0,035
Phn ng
0,03
0,03
Kt thc 0
0,005
Tng th tch ca dung dch sau phn ng : 100 + 400 = 500 ml = 0,5 lt [H+] = 0,01 PH =2
Cu 8 :Cho dung dch cha a mol Ca(HCO3)2 vo dung dch cha a mol Ca(HSO4)2. Hin tng quan
st c l ?
A. Si bt kh
B. vn c
C. Si bt kh v vn c
D. Vn c, sau trong sut tr li.
Ca(HCO3)2 Ca2+ + 2HCO3a
a
2a
Ca(HSO4)2 Ca2+ + 2HSO4a
a
2a
HCO3- + HSO4- CO2 + SO42- + H2O
a
a
a
a
Ca2+ + SO42- CaSO4
C kt ta to thnh v si bt kh
Cu 10 :Trn V1 ml dung dch gm NaOH 0,1M , v Ba(OH)2 0,2 M vi V2 ml gm H2SO4 0,1 M v

HCl 0,2 . M thu oc dung dch X c gi tr PH = 13 . Tnh t s V1 : V2
A.4/5
B.5/4
C.3/4
D.4/3
NaOH Na+ + OH0,1V1
0,1V1
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH0,2V1
0,4V1
Tng s mol OH- : 0,5V1
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 19 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
H2SO4
2H+ + SO420,1V2
0,2V2
HCl
H+
+ Cl0,2V2
0,2V2
Tng s mol H+ : 0,4V2
Phng trnh ion : H+ + OH- H2O
V dung dch thu c c PH = 13 OH- d : 0,5V1 0,4V2
PH = 13 [OH-] = 0,1 , Tng th tch sau phn ng : V1 + V2 n OH- = 0,1V1 + 0,1V2
0,5V1 0,4V2 = 0,1V1 + 0,1V2 0,4V1 = 0,5V2
V1 : V2 = 5 : 4
Cu 12.Mt dung dch cha a mol NaHCO 3 v b mol Na2CO3. Khi thm (a+b) mol CaCl 2 hoc (a+b) mol
Ca(OH)2 vo dung dch th lng kt ta thu c trong hai trng hp c bng nhau khng ?
A. Lng kt ta trong hai trng hp c bng nhau.
B. Lng kt ta trong trng hp 2 gp i vi trng hp 1.
C. Trng hp 1 c b mol kt ta, trng hp 2 c (a+b) mol kt ta.
D. Trng ,hp 1 c a mol kt ta, trng hp 2 c (a+b) mol kt ta.
Trng hp 1 :
Na2CO3 + CaCl2 CaCO3 + 2NaCl
Ban u a
a+b
Phn ng a
a
a
Kt thc 0
a
a
Kt ta thu c l : a mol
Trng hp 2
Ca(OH)2 Ca2+ + 2OHa+b
a + b 2(a+b)
NaHCO3 Na+ + HCO3A
a
a
Na2CO3 2Na+ + CO32B
2b
b
Phng trnh ion :
OH- + HCO3- CO32- + H2O
Ban u a + b
a
Phn ng a
a
a
Kt thc
b
0
a
Tng s mol CO32- sau : a + b
Tng s mol Ca2+ : a + b
Phng trnh ion khc : Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3
Kt ta thu c l : a + b mol
Cu 13 :Thc hin hai th nghim sau :

1.Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt kh NO .
2.Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thot ra V2 lt kh
NO
So snh V1 v V2
Trng hp 1 :
n Cu = 3,84/64 = 0,06 mol
HNO3 H+ + NO30,08
0,08 0,08
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 20 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + H2O

Ban u
0,06 0,08 0,08
Phn ng
0,08
0,02
Nhn thy : 0,06/3 > 0,08>8 > 0,08/2 H+ ht Tnh theo H+
Th tch kh NO : 0,02.22,4
Trng hp 2 :
n Cu = 0,06 mol
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,04
0,08
HNO3 H+ + NO30,08
0,08 0,08
Tng s mol ca H+ : 0,16 mol
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + H2O
Ban u
0,06 0,16 0,08
Phn ng
0,16
0,04
Nhn thy : 0,06/3 = 0,16>8 > 0,08/2 Cu v H+ ht Tnh theo H+
Th tch ca NO : 0,04.22,4
Th tch V2 = 2V1
Cu 15 :Cho 0,3 mol Na vo 100 ml dung dch cha CuSO4 1M v H2SO4 2M . Hin tng quan st
c l .
A.C kh bay ln
B.C kh bay ln v c kt ta xanh
C.C kt ta
D.C kh bay ln v c kt ta mu xanh sau kt ta li tan .
CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO420,1
0,1
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,2
0,2
Khi cho Na vo dung dch Na phn ng vi H+
Na + H+ Na+ + H2
Ban u
0,3 0,2
Phn ng
0,2 0,2
0,2
Kt thc 0,1 0
D Na : 0,1 mol
Na + H2O NaOH + H2
0,1
0,1
NaOH Na+ + OH0,1
0,1
Cu2+ + 2OH- Cu(OH)2
Ban u 0,1
0,1
Phn ng
0,05
0,05
0,05 mol
Kt ta Cu(OH)2 : 0,05 mol
Cu 16 :Dung dch X c cc ion Mg2+ , Ba2+ , Ca2+ V 0,1 mol Cl- , 0,2 mol NO3- . Thm dn V lt
dung dch K2CO3 1M vo dung dch X n khi c lng kt ta ln nht . Ga tr ca V l ?
Dng nh lut bo ton in tch
Mg2+ : a mol
Ba2+ : b mol
Ca2+ : c mol
Cl- : 0,1 mol

NO3- : 0,2 mol
2a + 2b + 2c = 0,1 + 0,2 = 0,3 mol
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 21 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
K2CO3 2K+ + CO32V.1

1.V
Mg2+ + CO32- MgCO3
A
a
Ba2+ + CO32- BaCO3
B
b
Ca2+ + CO32- CaCO3
C
c
Tng s mol CO32- phn ng : a + b + c = 0,15 mol
V = 150 ml
Cu 17 :
Cho 4,48l kh C02 (dktc) vao` 500ml hn hp NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M. thu c m gam kt ta . Tnh m
A:19,7
B:17,72
C:9,85
D:11,82
Bi gii :
Gii bng phng php ion : n CO2 = 0,2 mol , n NaOH = 0,05 mol , n Ba(OH)2 = 0,1 mol Tng s mol OH- = 0,25
mol , s mol Ba2+ = 0,2 mol
Xt phn ng ca CO2 vi OHCO2 + OH- HCO3Ban u 0,2 0,25
Tnh theo CO2 : HCO3- = 0,2 mol , OH- d = 0,25 0,2 = 0,05
Tip tc c phn ng :
HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O
Ban u 0,2
0,05
Tnh theo HCO3- : S mol CO32- = 0,05 mol
Tip tc c phn ng : CO32- + Ba2+ BaCO3
Ban u
0,05 0,2
Tnh theo CO32- : BaCO3 = 0,05 mol m = 0,05.197 = 9,85 gam
Chn p n C.
Cu 18 : Cn trn dung dch A cha HCl 0,1M v H2SO4 0,2M vi dung dch B cha NaOH 0,3M v KOH 0,2M
theo t l mol no thu c dung dch c PH l 7
Gi th tch tch mi dung dch tng ng l A , B
Trong A c (0,1A + 0,4A) = 0,5A (mol) H+
Trong B c (0,3B + 0,2B) = 0,5B (mol) OHH+ + OH- H2O (1)
V PH = 7 nn l mi trng trung tnh (1) va
0,5A = 0,5B A/B = 5/5 = 1
Cu 19 : Cho 10,1 gam hn hp X gm Na , K vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 1,5M v H2SO4 0,5M , thu c dung
dch Y v 3,36 lt kh H2 ktc . Tnh khi lng cht rn thu c khi c cn dung dch .
S mol H+ trong dung dch l : 0,15 + 0,1 = 0,25 mol
S mol kh thu c : 3,36/22,4 = 0,15 mol
2H+ + 2e H2
0,25 0,125
Do H+ ht
Na v K ( Gi chung l R ) phn ng vi H2O thu c 0,15 0,125 = 0,025 mol :
2R + H2O 2ROH + H2
0,025 S mol OH- = 0,05 mol
Khi lng ca cht rn thu c gm : Na+ , K+ , OH- , Cl- , SO42m = m Na+K + m OH- + m SO42- + m OH- = 10,1 + 0,05.17 + 0,15.35,5 + 0,05.96 = 21,075 gam
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 22 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Cu 20: Cho t t 200 ml dung dch HCl vo 100 ml dung dch cha Na2CO3 , K2CO3 , NaHCO3 1M thu c
1,12 lt kh CO2 ktc v dung dch X . Cho nc vi trong d vo dung dch X thu c 20 gam kt ta . Tnh
nng mol HCl
Gi s mol CO32- trong dung dch l x mol
HCO3- : 0,1 mol
H+ + CO32- HCO3- + H2O (1)
x
x
nHCO3- thu c sau (1) v ban u c l : 0,1 + x , s mol H+ phn ng l x
V c kh nn H+ d nn : H+ + HCO3- CO2 + H2O (2)
0,05
+
phn ng (2) : HCO3 l 0,05 mol , H l 0,05 mol
V dung dch c phn ng vi nc vi trong d to kt ta nn HCO3- d
HCO3- + OH- CO32- + H2O (3) (s mol CO32- = S mol kt ta = 0,2 )
0,2 HCO3- = 0,2 phng trnh : 0,05 + 0,2 = x + 0,1 x = 0,15 mol
+
Vy H tham gi (1) , (2) l : 015 + 0,05 = 0,2 CM = 1
Cu 21 : Cho hn hp X gm 2 kim loi kim thuc hai chu k lin tip nhau vo 200 ml dung dch cha BaCl2
0,3M v Ba(HCO3)2 0,8M thu c 2,8 lt kh H2 v m gam kt ta . Xc nh m .
S mol H2 = 0,125 mol
Gi cng thc ca kim loi : 2R + H2O 2ROH + H2
S mol OH- = 0,25 mol
Ba2+ : 0,3.0,2 + 0,8.0,2 = 0,22 mol
HCO3- : 0,32 mol
Phn ng : OH- + HCO3- CO32- + H2O
0,25 0,25 0,25
Kt ta BaCO3 tnh theo Ba2+ : 0,22.197 = 43,34
Cu 22 : Cho 200 ml gm HNO3 0,5M v H2SO4 0,25M tc dng vi Cu d c V lit NO (ktc) c cn dung
dch sau phn ng c m gam mui khan . V v m c gi tr ln lt l :
A.2,24; 12,7
B.1,12 ; 10,8
C.1,12 ; 12,4
D.1,12 ; 12,7
HNO3 H+ + NO30,1
0,1 0,1
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,05
0,1
Tng s mol ca H+ : 0,2 , S mol ca NO3- : 0,08
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
0,2
0,1 Tnh theo H+
0,075 0,2
0,05
0,05
NO3- d : 0,05 mol
Khi lng mui : = Cu2+ + NO3- d + SO42- = 64.0,075 + 0,05.62 + 0,05.96 = 12,7
Th tch kh NO l : 0,05.22,4 = 11,2 lt
Cu 23 : Cho 20 gam hn hp mt kim loi M ha tr II v Al vo dung dch cha hai axit HCl v H2SO4 , bit s
mol H2SO4 bng 1/3 ln s mol HCl , thu c 11,2 lt kh H2 v 3,4 gam kim loi . Lc ly phn dung dch ri
em c cn . s gam mui khan thu c l bao nhiu .
S : 57,1 gam
Xt trng hp kim loi M ha tr II c phn ng vi axit
HCl H+ + Cl3x
3x 3x
H2SO4 2H+ + SO42-
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
( x l s mol ca H2SO4 )
- 23 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
x
2x
x
Tng s mol H+ l : 5x
V kim loi d nn H+ ht
2H+ + 2e H2
5x
2,5x
2,5x = 0,5 mol x = 0,2 mol
V kim loi d : 3,4 gam nn khi lng kim loi phn ng : 20 3,4 = 16,6 gam
Khi lng mui thu c = khi lng kim loi phn ng + khi lng (SO42- , Cl- )
= 16,6 + 96.0,2 + 35,5.0,6 = 57,1 gam
Cu 24: Dung dch X cha cc ion: Fe3+, SO4 2-, NH4+, Cl-. Chia dung dch X thnh hai phn bng
nhau:
- Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaOH, un nng thu c 0,672 lt kh ( ktc) v 1,07
gam kt ta;
- Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dung dch BaCl2, thu c 4,66 gam kt ta.
Tng khi lng cc mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch X l (qu trnh c cn ch c nc bay
hi)
A. 3,73 gam.
B. 7,04 gam.
C. 7,46 gam.
D. 3,52 gam.
NaOH Na+ + OHBaCl2 Ba2+ + 2Cln kh = 0,672/22,4 = 0,03 mol
OH- + NH4+ NH3 + H2O (1)
0,03
0,03
3+
Fe + 3OH Fe(OH)3 (2)
0,01
0,01
ss Kt ta l : Fe(OH)3 n kt ta : 1,07/107 = 0,01 mol
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 (3)
0,02
0,02 mol
n BaSO4 = 0,02 mol ,
T (1) , (2) , (3) n NH4+ = 0,03 mol , n Fe3+ = 0,01 mol , n SO42- = 0,02 mol
Gi s mol ca Cl- l x
p dng nh lut bo ton in tch : 0,03.1 + 0,01.3 = 0,02.2 + x x = 0,02 mol
Khi lng cht rn khan thu c = Tng khi lng ca cc ion
m mui = 0,03.18 + 0,01.56 + 0,02.96 + 0,02.35,5 = 3,73 gam
Chn A
Cu 25: Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v
H2SO4 0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng
mui khan l
A. 38,93 gam.
B. 77,86 gam.
C. 103,85 gam.
D. 25,95 gam.
Dng phng php bo ton electron + ion
n HCl = 0,5.1 = 0,5 mol
n H2SO4 = 0,28.0,5 = 0,14 mol
n H2 = 8,736/22,4 = 0,39 mol
HCl H+ + Cl0,5
0,5
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,14
0,28
Tng s mol ca H+ l : 0,5 + 0,28 = 0,78 mol
S nhn e :
2H+ + 2e H2
0,39
S mol H+ nhn l : 0,39.2 = 0,78
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 24 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
H+ phn ng va dung dch khng cn H+

Tm tt
Do 7,74 gam bt Mg , Al phn ng ht nn khi lng mui khan thu c bng :
m kim loi + m Cl- + m SO42- = 7,74 + 17,75 + 13,44 = 38,93 gam
Chn A
Cu 26 : Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch
hn hp gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l
A. 1,2
B. 1,0
C. 12,8
D. 13,0
Tng s mol H+ : nH+ = 0,1(2CM(H2SO4) + CM(HCl) )= 0,02; nNaOH = 0,1[CM(NaOH) + 2CM(Ba(OH)2)] = 0,04.
H+ + OH- H2O
Ban u
0,02 0,04
d 0,02 mol OH-. [OH-] = 0,02/(0,1+0,1) = 0,1 = 10-1. [H+] = 10-13. pH = 13
p n D
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 25 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
BI TON LIN QUAN N PH

Cc cng thc cn nh :
p H = -lg[H+]
[H+].[OH-] = 10-14
p H < 7 axit
p H > 7 Bazo ( phi tnh theo s mol OHCu 1 : Cho hng s axit ca CH3COOH l = 1,8.10-5 . PH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,4M
l .
A.0,4
B.2,59
C.5,14
D.3,64
B
Ply
CH3COOH <=> CH3COO- + H+

0,4
0,4.
0,4.
0,4.
[H+] = 0,4.1,8.10-5 = 0,72. 10-5 p H = 5,14

Cu 2 : Pha thm 40 cm3 nc vo 10 cm3 dung dch HCl c pH = 2 c mt dung dch mi
c PH bng bao nhiu .
A.2,5
B.2,7
C.5,2
D.3,5
Dung dch HCl c p H = 2 [H+] = 0,01 mol n H+ = 0,01.0,01 = 0,0001
Thm 40 cm3 vo c th tch : 50 ml [H+] = 0,0001/0,05 = 2.10-3
pH = 2,7
Cu 3 : Cho 150 ml dung dch HCl 0,2M tc dng vi 50 ml dung dch NaOH 0,56M . Dung
dch sau phn ng c PH bng bao nhiu .
A.2,0
B.4,1
C.4,9
D.1,4
HCl H+ + ClNaOH Na+ + OH0,03 0,03 0,03
0,028
0,028
+
H
+
OH H2O
0,03
0,028
H+ d = 0,002 mol [H+] = 0,002/0,2 = 0,01 p H = 2
Cu 4 : Trn 500 ml dung dch HCl 0,02M tc dng vi 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,018M
dung dch sau phn ng c PH l bao nhiu .
Gii tng t cu 3 .
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 26 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cu 5 : Cn thm bao nhiu th tch nc V2 so vi th tch ban u V1 pha long dung

dch HCl c PH = 3 thnh dung dch c PH = 4 .
A.V2 = 9V1
B.V1 = 1/3 V2
C.V1 = V2
D.V1 = 3V2
Ban u th tch V1 : PH = 3 [H+] = 0,001 mol n H+ = 0,001V1
Thm vo th tch V2 Tng th tch V1 + V2 , PH = 4 [H+] = 0,0001 n H+ =
0,0001(V1+ V2)
V s mol H+ khng i 0,001V1 = 0,0001(V1+V2)
10V1 = V1 + V2 V2 = 9V1
Cu 6 : Trn 100 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,5M vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,5M c dung
dch A . Nng mol/l ca ion trong dung dch .
A.0,65M
B.0,55M
C.0,75M
D.0,85M
n Ba(OH)2 = 0,05 mol ; n KOH = 0,05 mol
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OHKOH K+ + OH0,05 ------------------0,1
0,05----------0,05
Tng s mol OH- = 0,15 mol [OH-] = 0,15/0,2 = 0,75 M
Cu 7 : C dung dch H2SO4 vi PH = 1 . Khi rt t t 50 ml dung dch KOH 0,1M vo 50 ml
dung dch trn . Nng mol./l ca dung dch thu c l
A.0,005M B.0,003M
C.0,25M
D.0,025M
Dung dch H2SO4 c pH = 1 [H+] = 0,1 M 50 ml dung dch trn c n H+= 0,005 mol ,
n SO42- = 0,0025 mol
KOH K+ +
OH0,005 --0,0005------0,005 mol
Phn ng : H+
+
OH- H2O
Ban u
0,005
0,005
+
C H , v OH u ht . Dung dch thu c ch c mui K2SO4 : 0,0025 mol , tng th
tch V = 50 + 50 = 100 ml
CM = 0,0025/0,1 = 0,025 mol
Cu 8 :Trn V1 ml dung dch gm NaOH 0,1M , v Ba(OH)2 0,2 M vi V2 ml gm H2SO4 0,1
M v HCl 0,2 M thu oc dung dch X c gi tr PH = 13 . Tnh t s V1 : V2
A.4/5
B.5/4
C.3/4
D.4/3
NaOH Na+ + OH0,1V1 ------------0,1V1
Tng s mol OH- = 0,5V1
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,1V2------0,2V2
Tng s mol H+ = 0,4V2
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH0,2V1 ---------------0,4V1

HCl H+ + Cl0,2V2------0,2V2
- 27 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
Phng trnh : H+ +
Ban u
0,4V2
OH- H2O
0,5V1
pH = 13 OH- d = 0,5V1 0,4V2

pH = 13 [H+] = 10-13 [OH-] = 10-1 n OH- = 0,1.(V1 + V2)
0,5V1 0,4V2 = 0,1V1 + 0,1V2 V1/V2 = 5/4
Bi 9 :Cho m gam hn hp Mg , Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp axit HCl 1M v
axit H2SO4 0,5M thu c 5,32 lt kh H2 ktc v dung dch Y . Tnh PH ca dung dch Y ( Coi
dung dch c th tch nh ban u )
A. 1.
B. 6.
C. 7.
D. 2.
n HCl = 0,25.1 = 0,25 mol , n H2SO4 = 0,5.0,25 = 0,125 mol , n H2 = 5,32/22,4 = 0,2375 mol
HCl H+ + Cl0,25 0,25
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,125
0,25
Tng s mol H+ = 0,25 + 0,25 = 0,5 M
Phng trnh phn ng :
Al + 6H+ Al3+ + 3H2
Mg + 2H+ Mg2+ + H2
S mol H+ phn ng l : 2.n H2 = 2.0,2375 = 0,475 mol
H+ d = 0,5 0,475 = 0,025 mol [H+] = 0,025/0,25 = 0,1 PH = 1
( Do th tch dung dch khng i )
Chn A
Bi 10 :Trn 100 ml dung dch gm Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M vi 400 ml dung dch gm
H2SO4 0,0375 M v HCl 0,0125 M thu c dung dch X . Tnh PH ca dung dch X .
A. 7.
B. 2.
C. 1.
D. 6.
n Ba(OH)2 = 0,1.0,1 = 0,01 mol , n NaOH = 0,1.0,1 = 0,01 mol , n H2SO4 = 0,4.0,0375 = 0,015 mol , n HCl =
0,0125.0,4 = 0,025 mol
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH0,01
0,02
NaOH Na+ + OH0,01
0,01
Tng s mol OH- : 0,02 + 0,01 = 0,03 mol
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,015
0,03
+
HCl H + Cl0,005 0,005
Tng s mol ca H+ : 0,035 mol
Phn ng :
H+ + OH- H2O
Ban u
0,035 0,03
Phn ng
0,03
0,03
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 28 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Kt thc
0,005 0
Sau phn ng d 0,005 mol H+ , Tng th tch l 0,5 lit [H+] = 0,005/0,05 = 0,01 PH = Lg[H+] = -lg0,01 = 2
Chn B
Cu 11 : X l dung dch H2SO4 0,02 M . Y l dung dch NaOH 0,035 M . Khi trn ln dung
dch X vi dung dch Y ta thu c dung dch Z c th tch bng tng th tch hai dung dch
mang trn v c PH = 2 . Coi H2SO4 in li hon ton hai nc . Hy tnh t l th tch gia
dung dch X v Y .
PH = 2 Dung dch sau phn ng d [H+] = 0,01 n H+ = 0,01(V1 + V2)
Gi th tch cc dung dch l : V1 ; V2
H2SO4 2H+ + SO42NaOH Na+ + OH0,02V1--0,04V1
0,035V2---------0,035V2
Phn ng : 2H+
+
OH- H2O
Ban u : 0,04V1
0,035V2
+
D H = 0,04V1 0,035V2 = 0,01V1 + 0,01V2 0,03V1 = 0,045V2 V1 = 1,5V2
Cu 12 : Thm t t 400 g dung dch H2SO4 49% vo nc v iu chnh lng nc c
ng 2 lit dung dch A . Coi H2SO4 in hon ton c hai nc .
1.Tnh nng mol ca ion H+ trong dung dch A .
2.Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1,8M thm vo 0,5 lit dung dch A thu c .
A.dung dch c PH = 1 .
B.Dung dch thu c c PH = 13 .
n H2SO4 = 400.0,49/98 = 2 mol , V = 2 lt
H2SO4 2H+ + SO422 ----------4 mol
[H+] = 4/2 = 2 M
2. dung dch thu c c pH = 1 H+ d
n NaOH = V1.1,8 mol n OH- = 1,8.V1
n H+ = 0,5.2 = 1 mol
Phn ng :
H+
+
OH H2O
Ban u
1
1,8V1
PH = 1 [H+] = 0,1 n H+ d = 0,1(0,5 + V1)
Theo phng trnh : n H+ d = 1 1,8V1
0,05 + 0,1V1 = 1 1,8V1 1,9V1 = 0,95 V1 = 0,5 lt
dung dch thu c c pH = 13 OH- d , [H+] = 10-13 [OH-] = 0,1
n OH- d = 0,1.(V1 + 0,5)
n H+ = 0,5.2 = 1 mol
n NaOH = V1.1,8 mol n OH- = 1,8.V1
Phn ng :
H+
+
OH H2O
Ban u
1
1,8V1
OH- d = 1,8V1 1 = 0,1(V1 + 0,5) 1,7V1 = 1,05 V1 =
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 29 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Cu 13 : Trn 250 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 0,08 mol/l v H2SO4 0,01 mol /l vi 250 ml
dung dch Ba(OH)2 c nng x mol /l thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c p H =
12 . Hy tnh m v x . Coi Ba(OH)2 in li hon ton c hai nc .
Cu 14 :Trn 300 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1 mol/lit v Ba(OH)2 0,025 mol/l vi 200 ml dung
dch H2SO4 nng x mol /lit Thu c m gam kt ta v 500 ml dung dch c PH = 2 . Hy
tnh m v x . Coi H2SO4 in li hon ton c hai nc .
Cu 15 : Trn ln V ml dung dch NaOH 0,01M vi V ml dung dch HCl 0,03 M c 2V ml dung dch Y. Dung
dch Y c pH l
A. 4.
B. 3.
C. 2.
D. 1.
n NaOH = V.0,01 = 0,01.V mol , n HCl = V.0,03 = 0,03.V mol
NaOH Na+ + OH0,01V
0,01V
0,01V
+
HCl H +
Cl0,03V
0,03V
H+ +
0,03V
OH- H2O
Ban u 0,01V 0,03V

OH- d : 0,03V 0,01V = 0,02 V , Tng th tch l : 2V [H+] = 0,02V/2V = 0,01
PH = - lg0,01 = 2
Chn C .
Cu 16 : Trn 100 ml
nng a (mol/l) thu
dung dch [H + ][OH - ] =
A. 0,15
B.
dung dch c p H = 1 gm HCl v HNO 3 vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH

c 200 ml dung dch c p H = 12. Gi tr ca a l (bit trong mi
10- 14)
0,30
C. 0,03
D. 0,12
n H C l = x mol , n H N O 3 = y mol
HCl H + + Cl x
x
HNO3 H + + NO 3 y
y
Tng s mol H + : x + y
V PH = 1 [H + ] = 0,1 n H + = 0,1. 0,1 = 0,01 mol x + y = 0,01 mol
N NaOH = 0,1.a
NaOH Na+ + OH0,1.a
0,1.a
C phn ng :
H+
+ OH - H 2 O (1)
Ban u 0,01 mol 0,1.a
V PH =12 OH - d ,PH =12 [H + ] = 10 - 1 2 [OH - ] = 10 - 2 n O H - = V.[OH - ] = 10 - 2 .0,2 = 0,002 mol
Theo (1) OH- d : 0,1.a 0,01 = 0,002 a = 0,12 M
Chn p n D
Cu 17 : Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp
gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l
A. 1,2
B. 1,0
C. 12,8
D. 13,0
Tng s mol H+ : nH+ = 0,1(2CM(H2SO4) + CM(HCl) )= 0,02; nNaOH = 0,1[CM(NaOH) + 2CM(Ba(OH)2)] = 0,04.
H+ + OH- H2O
Ban u 0,02 0,04
d 0,02 mol OH-. [OH-] = 0,02/(0,1+0,1) = 0,1 = 10-1. [H+] = 10-13 pH = 13
p n D
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 30 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
BI TP V HNO3 V MUI NITRAT

Cu 1: Nung nng hn hp 27,3 gam hn hp NaNO3 , Cu(NO3)2 . Hn hp kh thot ra c dn
vo 89,2 ml nc th cn d 1,12 lt kh ktc khng b hp th . Tnh khi lng ca mi mui trong
hn hp u
NaNO3 NaNO2 + O2 (1)
a
a/2
Cu(NO3)2 CuO + 2NO2 + O2 (2)

b
2b
2NO2 + O2 + H2O 2HNO3 (3)

Kh NO2 , O2 phn ng vi nhau theo t l ca phng trnh (2)
Kh thot ra l O2 = s mol O2 phn ng (1) a = 0,05 mol a = 0,1 mol
Khi lng mui = 85.0,1 + 188b = 27,3 b = 0,1 mol
Khi lng NaNO3 : 8,5 gam , Cu(NO3)2 : 18,8 gam
Cu 2 : Cho bt Cu d vo V1 lt dung dch HNO3 4M v vo V2 lt dung dch HNO3 3M v H2SO4

1M . NO l kh duy nht thot ra . Xc nh mi quan h gia V1 v V2 bit rng kh thot ra hai th
nghim l nh nhau .
Th nghim (1) :
HNO3 H+ + NO34V1
4V1
4V1
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O

4V1 Tnh theo H+
4V1
V1
Th nghim (2) :
HNO3 H+ + NO33V2
3V2
3V2
H2SO4 2H+ + SO42V2
2V2
Tng s mol ca H+ : 5V2 , S mol ca NO3- : 3V2

3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
5V2
3V2 Tnh theo H+
1,25V2
V th tch kh NO c hai trng hp l nh nhau V1 = 1,25V2
Cu 3 : Thc hin hai th nghim:

1) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt NO.
2) Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80 ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5 M thot ra V2 lt
NO.Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht, cc th tch kh o cng iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l
(cho Cu = 64)
A. V2 = V1.
B. V2 = 2V1.
C. V2 = 2,5V1.
D. V2 = 1,5V1.
Th nghim (1) :
HNO3 H+ + NO30,08
0,08 0,08
3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O

0,06
0,08
0,08 Tnh theo H+
0,02 mol
Th nghim (2) :
HNO3 H+ + NO30,08
0,08 0,08
H2SO4 2H+ + SO42-
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 31 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
0,04
0,08

3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
0,06
0,16 0,08
Tnh theo H+ v Cu
0,04
S mol k trong trng hp ny l : 0,04

V2 = 2V1
Cu 4 : Cho 200 ml gm HNO3 0,5M v H2SO4 0,25M tc dng vi Cu d c V lit NO (ktc)

c cn dung dch sau phn ng c m gam mui khan . V v m c gi tr ln lt l :
A.2,24; 12,7
B.1,12 ; 10,8
C.1,12 ; 12,4
D.1,12 ; 12,7
HNO3 H+ + NO30,1
0,1
0,1
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,05
0,1

3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
0,2
Tnh theo H+
0,1
NO3- d : 0,05 mol

Khi lng mui : = Cu2+ + NO3- d + SO42- = 64.0,075 + 0,05.62 + 0,05.96 = 12,7
Th tch kh NO l : 0,05.22,4 = 11,2 lt
Cu 5 : Cho 0,96 gam Cu vo 100ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,08M v H2SO4 0,2M sinh
ra V (lit ) mt cht kh c t khi so vi H2 l 15 v dung dch A . V c gi tr l :
A. 0,1792 lit
B. 0,3584 lit
C. 0,448 lit
D. 0,336 lit
Kh c t khi so vi H2 l 15 NO
KNO3 K+
+
NO30,008
0,008
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,02
0,02

3Cu + 8H+ + 2NO3- 3Cu2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
0,015
0,02
0,008
Tnh theo NO3- --------------------------- 0,008 mol

Th tch kh NO : 0,008.22,4 = 0,1792 lt
Cu 6 : em nung mt khi lng Cu(NO3)2 sau mt thi gian dng li , lm ngui ri em cn thy
khi lng gim 0,54 gam . Vy khi lng mui Cu(NO3)2 b nhit phn l :
A.0,5 gam
B.0,49 gam
C.9,4 gam
D.0,94 gam
Cu(NO3)2 CuO + 2NO2 + O2
a
a
2a
a
Cht rn c c Cu(NO3)2 d
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng : khi lng cht rn gim chnh l ca NO2 v O2 thot ra
0,54 = 92a + 16a a = 0,005 mol Khi lng cht Cu(NO3)2 b nhit phn : 188.0,05 = 0,94 gam
Cu 7 : Hon tan hon ton 19,2 gam Cu trong dung dch HNO3 long nng d , kh sinh ra em trn
vi O2 d thu c X , Hp th X vo nc chuyn ht NO2 thnh HNO3 . Tnh s mol O2 tham
gia phn ng .
S : 0,15 mol
Nhn thy : Cu - 2e Cu2+
0,3
0,6 mol
NO3- NO NO2 NO3- Nh vy N khng thay i s oxi ha trong c qu trnh

O2 4e 2O-2
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 32 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
0,6 mol
s mol O2 phn ng : 0,6/4 = 0,15 VO2 = 3,36 lt
Cu 8 : Cho hn hp gm 1,12 gam Fe v 1,92 gam Cu vo 400 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm

H2SO4 0,5M v NaNO3 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v kh
NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Cho V ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo dung dch X th lng kt ta thu
c l ln nht. Gi tr ti thiu ca V l
A. 360.
B. 240.
C. 400.
D. 120.
Cu 9 : Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi p hn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc ) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan
thu c khi lm bay hi dung dch X l :
A. 8,88 gam
B. 13,92 gam
C. 6,52 gam
D. 13,32 gam
3Mg + 8HNO 3 3Mg(NO 3 ) 2 + 2NO + 4H 2 O (1)
0,06
0,06 mol
0,04 mol
4Mg + 10HNO 3 4Mg(NO 3 ) 2 + NH 4 NO 3 + 3H 2 O (2)
0,03
0,03
0,0075 mol
n N O = 0,896/22,4 = 0,04 mol , n M g = 0,09 mol ,t phn ng (1) n M g (1) = 3/2n N O = 3/2.0,04
= 0,06 mol .
n M g (2) = 0,09 0,06 = 0,03 mol ,
T p (1) n M g ( N O 3 ) 2 = 0,06 mol
T p (2) n M g ( N O 3 ) 2 = 0,03 mol , n N H 4 N O 3 = 0,0075 mol
Khi l ng mui khan khi lm bay hi dung d ch l : 148.0,09 + 0,0075.80 = 13,92 g
Chn p n B
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 33 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Cu 10 : Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton
mt hn hp gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht
l NO)
A. 1,0 lt
B. 0,6 lt
C. 0,8 lt
D. 1,2 lt
Nhn xt : Lng HNO 3 ti thiu cn dung khi Fe Fe 2 + , Cu Cu 2 +
S cho nhn e :
Fe 2e Fe 2 +
Cu 2e Cu 2 +
N + 5 + 3e N + 2
0,15 0,3
0,15 0,3
3x
x
Theo nh lut bo ton mol e : 0,3 + 0,3 = 3x x = 0,2 mol
Fe , Cu + HNO 3 Fe(NO 3 ) 2 + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + NO + H 2 O
0,15
0,15
0,15
0,15
0,2
Bo ton nguyn t N : S mol HNO 3 = 0,3 + 0,3 + 0,2 = 0,8 mol
Chn C .
Cu 11 : Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO 3)2 0,2M v H2SO4
0,25M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V
lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l
A. 17,8 v 4,48.
B. 17,8 v 2,24.
C. 10,8 v 4,48.
D. 10,8 v 2,24.
n Cu(NO3)2 = 0,16 n Cu2+ = 0,16 , n NO3- = 0,32 mol
n H2SO4 = 0,2 n H+ = 0,4
V thu c hn hp kim loi nn Ch c mui Fe2+ to thnh
3Fe + 2NO3- + 8H+ 3Fe2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
(1)
0,15---------- 0,4---------------0,1
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu (2)
0,16-----0,16-----------0,16
Khi lng ng trong 0,6m gam hn hp sau phn ng l : 64.0,16 mol
Bo ton st : m = 0,15.56 p(1) + 0,16.56 p(2) + (0,6m 0,16.64 ) d m = 17,8
Mt khc V NO = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24
Chn p n B
Cu 17 : Hn hp A gm 16,8 gam Fe ; 6,4 gam Cu v 2,7 gam Al . Cho A tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 ch
thot ra kh N2 duy nht , trong dung dch thu c khng c mui NH4NO3 . Th tch dung dch HNO3 2M ti
thiu cn dng ha tan hon ton hn hp A l .
A.660 ml
B.720 ml
C.780 mlD.840 ml
10Al + 36HNO3 10Al(NO3)3 + 3N2 + 18H2O
0,1
0,36
10Fe + 36HNO3 10Fe(NO3)3 + 3N2 + 18H2O
x
3,6x
x
( x l s mol Fe phn ng vi HNO3 )
Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2
y
2y
( y l s mol Fe phn ng vi mui FeIII )
Cu + 2Fe(NO3)3 2Fe(NO3)2 + Cu(NO3)2
0,1 0,2
lng HNO3 ti thiu th : x + y = 0,3 ; 2y + 0,2 = x x = 4/15 ; y = 1/30
Tng s mol : HNO3 phn ng l : 0,36 + 3,6.4/15 = 1,32 mol
V = 1,32/2 = 0,66 lit = 660 ml
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 34 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
BI TP V NHM
L thuyt :
AlCl3 + NaOH
Al2(SO4)3 + 6KOH
Al(NO3)3 + 3KOH
2AlCl3 + 3Ca(OH)2
Al2(SO4)3 + 3Ba(OH)2
Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
2Al(OH)3 + 3K2SO4
Al(OH)3 + 3KNO3
2Al(H)3 + 3CaCl2
2Al(OH)3 + 3BaSO4
Phn ng nhit nhm : Al + FexOy Al2O3 + Fe

Sau phn ng nhit nhm :
Ga thit cho phn ng xy ra hon ton Th cht rn chc chn c Al2O3 , Fe v c th Al hoc
FexOy d .
Ga thit khng ni n hon ton , hoc bt tnh hiu xut th cc em nn nh n trng hp cht
rn sau phn ng c c 4 cht Al , FexOy , Al2O3 , Fe .
Phng trnh ion :
Al3+ + OH- Al(OH)3
(1)
Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO2- + H2O (2)
Khi cho kim vo dung dch mui Al3+ , cc em nh phi xt n c hai phn ng (1) , (2) , ty iu
kin bi ton cho .
Nu bi ton cho kt ta thu c m gam cc em ng nhm ln l ch c phn ng (1)
M n c hai trng hp : TH1 c (1) ; TH2 c c (1) v (2) [trng hp ny s mol kt ta thu c =
(1) (2) ]
Al + OH- + H2O AlO2- + 3/2 H2
AlO2- + H+ + H2O Al(OH)3
V d 1 : Cho t t 100 ml dung dch NaOH 7M vo 200 ml dung dch Al(NO3)3 1M Tnh khi lng
ca cc ion thu c sau phn ng .
n Al = 0,5 ; n Al(NO3)3 = 0,2
3NaOH + Al(NO3)3 NaNO3 + Al(OH)3
Ban u 0,7
0,2
Phn ng
0,6
0,2
0,2
Kt thc
0,1
0
0,2
C tip phn ng :
Ban u 0,1
Phn ng
Kt thc
NaOH + Al(OH)3 NaAlO2 + H2O

0,2
0,1
0,1
0,1
Vy kt ta Al(OH)3 thu c l 0,1 mol Khi lng 7,8 gam
Luyn tp :
Cu 1 : Thm m gam K vo 300 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c dung
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 35 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
dch X . Cho t t 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M thu c kt ta Y . thu uc lng kt ta Y
ln nht th gi tr ca m l .
A.1,17
B.1,71
C.1,95
D.1,59
Dng phng php ion :
Gi x l s mol K cn a vo :
n Ba(OH)2 = 0,3.0,1 = 0,03 mol ; n NaOH = 0,3.0,1 = 0,03 mol , n Al2(SO4)3 = 0,02 mol
K + H2O KOH + H2
x
x
Cc phng trnh in ly :
KOH K+ + OHx
x
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH0,03
0,06 mol
NaOH Na+ + OH0,03
0,03 mol
Tng s mol OH- d : x + 0,06 + 0,03 = x + 0,09 mol
Al2(SO4)3 2Al3+ + 3SO420,02
0,04
0,06
Cc phng trnh ion :
Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4 (1)
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3 (2)
0,04 x + 0,09
c kt ta ln nht th phn ng (2) phi xy ra va 0,04/1 = ( x + 0,09 )/3

x = 0,03 mol Khi lng ca K l : 0,03.39 = 1,17 gam
Chn p s B
Cu 2 :Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M . Lung kt ta
thu c l 15,6 gam . Tnh gi tr ln nht ca V ?
AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl (1)
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2O (2)
n AlC3 = 0,3
Kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam ( n = 0,2 mol ) , c hai trng hp xy ra :
TH1 : AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl (1)
n NaOH = 0,2.3 = 0,6 mol V = 0,6/0,1 = 6 lt
TH2 : C c hai phn ng :
0,3
0,9
0,3
x
x
x
S mol kt ta thu c : 0,3 x = 0,2 x = 0,1 mol
Tng s mol NaOH phn ng : 0,9 + 0,1 = 1 mol V NaOH dng = 1/0,1 = 10 lt
Vy gi tr ln nht ca V l 10 lt
Nhn xt : gi tr V ln nht khi xy ra hai phn ng .
Cu 3 :Th tch dung dch NaOH 2M l bao nhiu khi cho tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch X ( HCl
1M AlCl3 0,5M ) th thu uc kt ta ln nht ?
s : 250 ml
n HCl = 0,2 mol ; n AlCl3 = 0,1 mol
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O (1)
0,2
0,2
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 36 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

0,1
0,3
Phn ng (1) : Xy ra trc
lng kt ta ln nht th (2) va Tng s mol NaOH phn ng : 0,5 mol V = 0,25 lt
Cu 4 :Cho V lt dung dch hn hp 2 mui MgCl2 1M v AlCl3 1M tc dng vi 1 lt NaOH 0,5M

th thu c kt ta ln nht . Tnh V.
S : V = 100 m l
MgCl2 +2NaOH Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl (1)
V.1
2V.1
V.1
3V.1
kt ta ln nht th (1) , (2) va Tng s mol NaOH phn ng : 5V = 0,5
V = 0,1 lt
Cu 5 : Cho V lt dung dch hn hp 2 mui MgCl2 1M v AlCl3 1M tc dng vi 1.2 lt NaOH 0,5M
thu c 9.7 gam kt ta . Tnh V ln nht .
S : 100 ml .
MgCl2 +2NaOH Mg(OH)2 + 2NaCl (1)
V.1
2V.1
V.1
3V.1
V.1
V.1
V.1
thu c mt lng kt ta 9,7 c hai kh nng xy ra : TH1 C (1) , (2) hoc TH2 c (1) , (2) , (3)
NaOH ln nht TH2 : Tng s mol NaOH phn ng : 6V = 0,6 V =0,1 lt = 100 ml
Cu 6: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 0,2M vo dung dch cha 0,15 mol AlCl3 thu c 9,36 gam kt ta . Tnh
V.
Kt ta thu c l 8,36 gam ( n = 0,12 mol ) , c hai trng hp xy ra :
TH1 : AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl (1)
n NaOH = 0,12.3 = 0,36 mol V = 0,36/0,2 = 1,8 lt
0,15 0,45
0,15
x
x
x
S mol kt ta thu c : 0,15 x = 0,12 x = 0,03 mol
Tng s mol NaOH phn ng : 0,45 + 0,03 = 0,48 mol V NaOH dng = 0,48/0,2 = 2,4 lt
S : 1,8 lt v 2,4 lt
Vi bi ton nh th ny : Khi hi n NaOH th c 2 p an , nu hi n AlCl3 th c 1 p n
Cu 7 : Cho 1 lt dung dch HCl vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol NaAlO2 lc ,nung kt ta n khi lng khng
i c 7,65 gam cht rn . Tnh nng ca dung dch HCl
n cht rn (Al2O3) = 0,075 mol
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 37 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
C th c hai phn ng :
HCl + NaAlO2 + H2O Al(OH)3 + NaCl .
0,2
0,2
0,2
3HCl + Al(OH)3 AlCl3 + H2O
3x
x
V kt ta thu c c 0,075 mol Nn chc chn phi c hai phn ng .
Al(OH)3 Al2O3 + H2O
0,2 x
0,2 - x
0,2 x = 0,075 x = 0,125 mol
Tng s mol HCl phn ng : 0,2 + 0,575 = 0,775 mol
CM = 0,775 mol
Cu 8 : Hn hp X gm Na v Al. Cho m gam X vo lng d nc th thot ra 1 lt kh .Nu cng cho m gam
X vo dung dch NaOH d th c 1,75 lt kh .Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca
cc cht trong hn hp X (bit cc kh o iu kin tiu chun ).
TN1 nhiu em ngh Al khng tham gia phn ng nhng thc t n c phn ng vi NaOH va to c
Na + H2O NaOH + 1/2H2
x
x
1/2x
Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + 3H2
X
3/2x
VH2 = 1 lt , khng bit Al c phn ng ht hay khng
TN2 : Chc chn Al ht v NaOH d
Na + H2O NaOH + 1/2H2
Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + 3/2H2
Th tch kh thu c : 1,75V
TN1 Al d
Gi x , y l s mol Na , Al phn ng : TN1 : V = 22,4(x/2 + 3x/2 ) ; TN2 : 1,75V = 22,4(x/2 + 3y/2)
Biu thc quan h gia x , y : y = 2x
Tnh % Na = 23.x/(23x + 27y) = 29,87 %
Cu 9 : Chia m gam hn hp A gm Ba , Al thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
-Phn 1: Tan trong nc d thu c 1,344 lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch B.
-Phn 2: Tan trong dung dch Ba(OH)2 d c 10,416 lt kh H2(ktc)
a/ Tnh khi lng kim loi Al trong hn hp ban u .
b/ Cho 50ml dung dch HCl vo B .Sau phn ng thu c 7,8 gam kt ta .Tnh nng mol ca dung dch
HCl .
Bi ny ging bi trn : Al phn (1) d
Phn I :
x
x
x
2Al + Ba(OH)2 + 2H2O Ba(AlO2)2 + 3/2 H2
x
3/2x
Tng s mol H2 = x + 3/2x = 2,5x = 0,06
Phn II :
x
x
x
2Al + Ba(OH)2 + 2H2O Ba(AlO2)2 + 3/2 H2
y
3/2y
x + 3/2y = 0,465
x = 0,024 ; y = 0,294
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 38 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
Khi lng Al : 0,294.27 = 7,938 gam
Cu 10:Thm 240 ml dung dch NaOH vo cc ng 100 ml dung dch AlCl3 nng CM mol ,
khuy u ti phn ng hon ton thy trong cc c 0,08 mol kt ta . Thm vo cc 100 ml dung
dch NaOH 1M khuy u thy phn ng xy ra hon ton thu oc 0,06 mol kt ta . Tnh nng
CM
A.2M
B.1,5M
C.1M
D.1,5M
Trng hp u : V kt ta lc u l 0,08 mol , sau thm 0,1 mol NaOH th cn kt ta l 0,06 mol
Chng t rng . Ch c phn ng :
AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 + 3NaCl
0,08
0,24 mol 0,08 mol
V AlCl3 d a mol
a
3a
a
Lc ny Al(OH)3 c to thnh l : 0,08 + a
Al(OH)3 + NaOH NaAlO2 + H2O
Ban u
0,08 + a
Phn ng
x
x
Kt thc
0,08 + a x
0,08 + a x = 0,06 x a = 0,02
x + 3a = 0,1
x = 0,04 ; a = 0,02 mol Ton b s mol AlCl3 = a + 0,08 = 0,02 + 0,08 = 0,1
CM = 0,1/0,1 = 1M
Cu 11: Trong 1 cc ng 200 ml dd AlCl3 2M. Rt vo cc V ml dd NaOH nng

a mol/l, ta thu c mt kt ta, em sy kh v nung n khi lng khng
i th c 5,1g cht rn
a) Nu V = 200 ml th a c gi tr no sau y:
A. 2M
B. 1,5M hay 3M
C. 1M hay 1,5M
D. 1,5M hay 7,5M
b) Nu a = 2 mol/l th gi tr ca V l:
A. 150 ml
B. 650 ml
C. 150 ml hay 650 ml
D. 150 ml hay 750 ml
Bi ny cc em t gii :
Phi chia lm hai trng hp :

TH1 : C 1 phn ng
(1)

Bi ton nhit nhm :

Cu 12: Khi cho 41,4 gam hn hp X gm Fe2O3, Cr2O3 v Al2O3 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c
(d), sau phn ng thu c cht rn c khi lng 16 gam. kh hon ton 41,4 gam X bng phn
ng nhit nhm, phi dng 10,8 gam Al. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Cr2O3 trong hn
hp X l (Cho: hiu sut ca cc phn ng l 100%; O = 16; Al = 27; Cr = 52; Fe = 56)
A. 50,67%.
B. 20,33%.
C. 66,67%.
D. 36,71%.
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 39 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Cho X phn ng vi NaOH

Cr2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaCrO2+ H2O
Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O
V Fe2O3 khng phn ung nn m cht rn cn li = m Fe2O3 = 16 gam n Fe2O3 = 16/160 = 0,1 mol .
Tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm X .
Cr2O3 + 2Al Al2O3 + 2Cr (1)
Fe2O3 + 2Al Al2O3 + 2Fe (2)
0,1 mol
Theo gi thit s mol Al cn phn ng l 10,8/27 = 0,4 mol .
Theo (2) n Al = 2 n Fe3O4 = 2.0,1 = 0,2 mol
n Al (1) = 0,4 0,2 = 0,2 mol n Cr2O3 = n Al(1) / 2 = 0,1 mol m Cr2O3 = 152.0,1 = 15,2 gam %Cr2O3 =
15,2.100/41,4 = 36,71%
Chn p n D .
Cu 13: Nung nng m gam hn hp Al v Fe2O3 (trong mi trng khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1 tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long (d), sinh ra 3,08 lt kh H2 ( ktc);
- Phn 2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sinh ra 0,84 lt kh H2 ( ktc).
Gi tr ca m l
A. 22,75
B. 21,40.
C. 29,40.
D. 29,43.
Phn ng nhit nhm :
2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe (1)
Phn II tc dng vi NaOH :
Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + 3/2H2
x
3/2 x
S mol kh H2 thu c phn II : 3/2x = 0,84/ 22,4 = 0,0375 mol x = 0,025 mol
Phn (1) tc dng vi H2SO4 :
2Al + 3H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0.025
0,0375
Fe + H2SO4 long FeSO4 + H2

y
y = 0,1
2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + 2Fe (1)

0,1 0,05
0,1
Khi lng ca Al : (0,1 +0,025).27 = 3,375 , khi lng ca Fe2O3 : 0,05.160 = 8 tng Khi lng = 11,375
m = 11,375.2 = 22,75
chn A
Cu 14: Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,1 mol H2SO4 n khi
phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c lng kt ta
trn l
A. 0,45.
B. 0,35.
C. 0,25.
D. 0,05.
NaOH Na+ + OHx
Al2(SO4)3 2Al3+ + 3SO420,1
0,2
H2SO4 2H+ + SO420,1
0,2
n NaOH = x , n Al2(SO4)3 = 0,1 , n H2SO4 = 0,1 , n kt ta = 7,8/78 = 0,1 mol

Khi phn ng : H+ tc dng vi OH- trc ,
H+ + OH- H2O
0,2
0,2
Khi phn ng vi Al3+ c hai kh nng :
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 40 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Ch c phn ng : Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3

0,3
0,1
Tng OH- = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5 mol V = 0,5/2 = 0,25 lt

C c hai phn ng :
Al3+ + 3OH- Al(OH)3 (1)
0,2
0,6
0,2
Al(OH)3 + OH- AlO2- + H2O (2)

a
Lng kt ta thu c sau phn ng (1) l 0,2 mol nhng n s b phn ng mt phn a mol phn ng (2) , do sau
khi kt thc (2) c 0,1 mol kt ta a = 0,2 0,1 = 0,1 mol
Tng s mol OH- l : 0,2 + 0,6 + 0,1 = 0,9 mol V NaOH = 0,9/2 = 0,45 lt
Chn A
Cu 15: Ho tan hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp gm Al v Al4C3 vo dung dch KOH (d), thu c a mol
hn hp kh v dung dch X. Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch X, lng kt ta thu c l 46,8 gam. Gi
tr ca a l
A. 0,55.
B. 0,60.
C. 0,40.
D. 0,45.
Al4C3 + 12H2O 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4
x
4x
3x
Al(OH)3 + KOH KAlO2 + H2O
4x
4x
Al + KOH + H2O KAlO2 + 3/2 H2
y
y
3/2y
Tng th tch kh l : 3x + 3/2y
Dung dch gm : KAlO2 : 4x + y mol v KOH d
CO2 + KAlO2 + H2O Al(OH)3 + KHCO3
4x + y
4x + y
n kt ta = 0,6 mol 4x + y = 0,6 mol
x + y = 0,3
x = 0,1 ; y = 0,2 mol Tng s mol ca kh : 3.0,1 + 3/2.0,2 = 0,6 mol
Chn p n B
Cu 16: Cho hn hp gm Na v Al c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2 vo nc (d). Sau khi cc phn

ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 ( ktc) v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 10,8.
B. 5,4.
C. 7,8.
D. 43,2.
Na + H2O NaOH + H2
x
x
x/2
Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + 3/2 H2 (2)
Ban u
2x
x
NaOH ht , cht rn khng tan l Al d 2x x = x mol , n H2(2) = 3/2 x (mol)
Gi s mol ca Na , Al l x , 2x (v n Na : n Al = 1 : 2 )
n H2 = 8,96/22,4 = 0,4 mol Theo (1) , (2) Tng s mol H2 : x + 3/2 x = 2x
2x = 0,4 x = 0,2 mol
Vy Al d : 0,2.27 = 5,4 gam .
Chn B
Cu 17: t nng mt hn hp gm Al v 16 gam Fe2O3 (trong iu kin khng c khng kh) n

khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng va vi V ml dung dch
NaOH 1M sinh ra 3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 200.
B. 100.
C. 300.
D. 150.
n Fe3O4 = 16/160 = 0,1 mol , n H2 = 3,36/22,4 = 0,15 mol
2Al + Fe2O3 Al2O3 + Fe (1)
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 41 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
0,2
0,1
0,1
Phn ng xy ra hon ton nn cht rn X thu c sau (1) l : Al2O3 , Fe v Al
V X c phn ng vi NaOH to ra H2 nn khng th Fe2O3 d (Phn ng xy ra hon ton khng c ngha l c
hai cht tham gia phn ng u ht m c th c mt cht d , khng khi no c c hai cht d )
S mol Al = 2 n Fe2O3 = 0,2 mol , n Al2O3 = n Fe2O3 = 0,1 mol
Al2O3 + 2NaOH 2NaAlO2 + H2O
(1)
0,1
0,2
Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + 3/2 H2
(2)
0,1 0,1 mol
0,15 mol
T (2) n NaOH (2) = 2/3n H2 = 0,1 mol
T (1) n NaOH = 2n NaOH = 0,3 mol
Tng s mol NaOH = 0,2 + 0,1 = 0,3 mol
V NaOH = 0,3/1 = 300 ml
Chon C
Cu 18 : in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m
kg Al catot v 67,2 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt (
ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 54,0
B. 75,6
C. 67,5
D. 108,0
Ti catot(-) :Al3+ + 3e Al
Ti anot (+) : O-2 2e O2

Kh oxi sinh ra anot t chy dn C : C + O2 CO2
CO2 + C 2CO
Co 4e C+4 v Co 2e C+2
Phng trnh in phn :

2Al2O3 + 3C 4Al + 3CO2 (1)
0,8---0,6
Al2O3 + C 2Al + 3CO (2)
1,2<---1,8
2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2 (3)
0,8<---0,6
2,24 lt kh X + Ca(OH)2 2 gam CaCO3 S mol CO2 trong l 0,02 mol
S mol CO2 c trong 67,2 lt l 0,6
Xt 67,2 lt kh X : CO : x mol ; CO2 : 0,6 mol , O2 : y mol
Ta c : x + 0,6 + y = 3 mol ; M = (28.x + 44.0,6 + 32.y )/3 = 16.2
Gii h ta c : x = 1,8 ; y = 0,6
Thay vo cc phng trnh Tng s mol Al = 0,8 + 1,2 + 0,8 = 2,8 mol
m Al = 75,6 gam .
p n B
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 42 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
CC BI TP ST
C cc phn ng m cc em cn phi nh :
Fe + Fe3+ Fe2+
Cu + Fe3+ Cu2+ + Fe2+
Fe2+ + Ag+ Fe3+ + Ag
Fe(NO3)2 nung Fe2O3 + NO2 + O2
Fe(OH)2 nung trong khng kh Fe2O3 + H2O ( Khng c khng kh th ra FeO )
FeCO3 nung trong khng kh + O2 Fe2O3 + CO2
Nu hn hp cho FeO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 ta c th quy i v hn hp FeO , Fe2O3 hoc ch cn

Fe3O4 nu s mol ca chng bng nhau .
Cu 1 :Cho 16,8 gam bt st vo 800 ml dung dch HNO3 0,5 M thu c kh NO duy nht .
Tnh :
Th tch kh thu c
Tnh khi lng kim loi cn d .
Khi lng mui thu c
S : V = 2.24 lt , m kim loi d = 8.4 g , m Fe(NO3)2 = 27 g
Bi gi :
n Fe = 0,3 mol , n HNO3 = 0,4 mol
Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
B
P
Kt
0,3
0,1
0,2
2 Fe(NO3)3 + Fe d 3Fe(NO3)2
B
P
Kt
0,4
0,4
0
0,1
0,1
0
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,05
0,15
0,1
0,1
0,15
0,15
Khi lng kim loi d : 0,15.56 = 8,4 gam , khi lng mui : 0,15.180 = 27 gam , th tch kh :
0,1.22,4 = 0,224 lt
Cu 2 :Cho 16,8 gam bt st vo V lt dung dch HNO3 0,5 M thu c 8,4 gam kim loi d . Tnh
th tch kh thu c .
S : V = 2.24 l
Bi gii :
n Fe phn ng = (16,8 8,4)/56 = 0,15 mol
V kim loi d nn ch to thnh mui st II
x
4x
x
x
x
x
Tng s mol Fe phn ng : 3/2x = 0,15 x = 0,1 mol
Th tch kh thu c : 2,24 lt
Cu 3 :Cho 16,8 gam bt Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M , thu c kh NO duy nht , lng
mui thu c cho vo dung dch NaOH d thu c kt ta . Nung nng kt ta m khng c khng
kh thu c m gam cht rn . Tnh m ?
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 43 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
S : m FeO = 10.8 gam
n Fe = 0,3 mol , n HNO3 = 0,4 mol

B
P
Kt
0,3
0,1
0,2
0,4
0,4
0
2 Fe(NO3)3 + Fe d 3Fe(NO3)2
B
P
Kt
0,1
0,1
0
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,05
0,15
0,1
0,1
0,15
0,15
Fe(NO3)2 Fe(OH)2 FeO

0,15
0,15
Khi lng FeO thu c : 0,15.72 = 10,8 gam
Cu 4 :Cho m gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M thu c V lt kh NO duy nht v 14 gam
kim loi . Tnh m ? V ?
S : m = 22.4 gam , V = 2,24 lt
Hc sinh t gii .
Cu 6 :Cho 5,6 gam bt Fe tc dng vi 500 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,5 M . Tnh :
khi lng mui thu c
khi lng kim loi thu c
S : m mui = 21.1 gam , m Ag = 27 gam
Bi gii :
Cc em ch n phn ng : Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
0,1
0,25 AgNO3 d : 0,05 mol , Fe(NO3)2 to thnh : 0,1 mol
Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
0,1
0,05
Fe(NO3)2 d : 0,05 mol , Fe(NO3)3 to thnh 0,05 mol
Tng s mol Ag hai phn ng : 0,25 mol m Ag = 0,25.108 = 27 gam
Khi lng mui : 0,05.180 + 0,05.242 = 21,1 gam
Cu 7 : Cho m gam bt Fe tc dng vi 250 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M thu c dung dch A , cho
ton vo dung dch A mt lng KOH d thu c kt ta , nung kt ta trong chn khng thu c
7,6 gam cht rn .Tnh m ?
Gi : Bi ton ny cc em xt hai kh nng :
(1) : St d
(2) : st ht C phn ng :
Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag
Cu 8 : 2002 A
Cho 18,5 gam hn hp Z gm Fe , Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 long un nng v
khuy u . Sau phn ng xy ra han ton thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht ktc , dung dch Z1 v
cn li 1,46 gam kim loi .
Tnh nng mol/lit ca dung dch HNO3
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 44 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
Dng phng php quy i nguyn t :
Hn hp z ch c hai nguyn t Fe , O .
V Z + HNO3 cn d kim loi Fe d , vy Z1 ch c mui st II
Fe - 2e Fe+2
x 2x
O + 2e O-2
y 2y
N+5 + 3e N+2
0,3
0,1
Theo nh lut bo ton e :
2x 2y = 0,3
Tng khi lng Z : 56x + 16y = 18,5 - 1,46
Gii h : x = 0,27 , y = 0,12
C phng trnh :
Fe + HNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + NO + H2O (1)
a
a
0,1
T a + a/2 = 0,27 a = 0,18 mol
Bo ton nguyn t N (1) s mol HNO3 = 3a + 0,1 = 0,64
Nng mol ca HNO3 : 0,64 / 0,2 = 3,2
Cu 9 : Kh 4,8 gam mt oxit ca kim loi trong dy in ha nhit cao cn 2,016 lt kh H2

ktc . Kim loi thu c em ha tan trong dung dch HCl thu c 1,344 lt kh H2 ktc . Hy xc
nh cng thc ha hc ca oxit dng .
Ch : Bi ny cc em hay b nhm v khng ha tr thay i hai phng trnh
Oxt cha bit ca kim loi no Gi MxOy
MxOy + yH2 xM + yH2O
a
ay
ax
ay = 0,09 mol
2M + 2nHCl 2MCln + nH2
ax
nax
nax / 2= 0,06 mol
M : 56ax + 16ay = 4,8
ax = 0,06
x : y = ax : ay = 0,06 : 0,09 = 3 : 2
n = 0,12 : 0,06 = 2
Ch c Fe tha mn v n c hai ha tr
Cu 10 : Mt dung dch c ha tan 1,58 gam KMnO4 tc dng vi dung dch hn hp c ha tan 9,12
gam FeSO4 v 9,8 gam H2SO4 . Hy tnh s gam cc cht c trong dung dch sau phn ng .
n KMnO4 = 0,01 ; n FeSO4 = 0,06 ; n H2SO4 = 0,1 mol
Phn ng : 10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8H2O
B
P
Kt
0,1
0,1
0
0,06
0,02
0,04
0,1
0,08
0,02
0,05
0,05
0,02
0,02
0,01
0,01
Dung dch sau phn ng gm cc cht : dng kt thc phn ng

Cu 11:Hn hp X gm Cu v Fe c t l khi lng tng ng l 7:3 . Ly m gam X cho phn ng
xy ra hon ton vi dung dch cha 44,1 gam HNO 3 sau phn ng cn li 0,75m gam cht rn v c
0,56 lt kh Y gm NO v NO2 ktc . Ga tr ca m l ?
Ban u : Cu : 0,7m
Sau phn ng : Fe : 0,05m
V st d nn ch c mui Fe II .
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
Fe : 0,3m .
Cu : 0,7m
- 45 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Fe + HNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + NO + NO2 + H2O

V NO v NO2 cng c 1 nguyn t N nn tng s mol N trong hai kh l 0,56/22,4 = 0,25
S mol HNO3 = 0,7 mol N trong HNO3 l 0,7
Gi s mol Fe phn ng l x
Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t N
0,7 = 2x + 0,25 x = 0,225 mol .
Khi lng Fe phn ng : 0,225.56 = 12,6
V st phn ng : 0,3m 0,05 m = 0,25m = 12,6 m = 50,4 gam

A. 17,8 v 4,48.
B. 17,8 v 2,24.
C. 10,8 v 4,48.
D. 10,8 v 2,24.
n Cu(NO3)2 = 0,16 n Cu2+ = 0,16 , n NO3- = 0,32 mol
n H2SO4 = 0,2 n H+ = 0,4
3Fe + 2NO3- + 8H+ 3Fe2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
(1)
0,15---------- 0,4---------------0,1
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
(2)
0,16-----0,16-----------0,16
Bo ton st : m = 0,15.56 p(1) + 0,16.56 p(2) + (0,6m 0,16.64 ) d m = 17,8
Mt khc V NO = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24
Chn p n B
Cu 4: ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s mol FeO bng s
mol Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,23.
B. 0,18.
C. 0,08.
D. 0,16.
V s mol FeO , Fe2O3 bng nhau nn ta c th quy i chng thnh Fe3O4 . Vy hn hp trn ch gm Fe3O4 .
n Fe3O4 = 2,32 : 232 = 0,01 mol
Fe3O4 + 8HCl 2FeCl3 + FeCl2 + 4H2O
0,01
0,08 mol
n HCl = 0,08 mol V HCl = 0,08/1 = 0,08 lt

Chn C .
Cu 13: Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long
(d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 38,72.
B. 35,50.
C. 49,09.
D. 34,36.
Quy i hn hp : Fe , FeO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 thnh Fe ,O
S cho nhn e :
Fe 3e Fe3+
O + 2e O-2
N+5 + 3e N+2
x---3x
y--2y
1,8---0,6
Bo ton mol e : 3x = 2y + 0,18
56x + 16y = 11,36
x = 0,16 ; y = 0,15 mol
Fe Fe(NO3)3
0,16 -------0,16
Khi lng mui l : 0,16.242 = 38,72
Chn A
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 46 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Cu 14: Cho hn hp bt gm 2,7 gam Al v 5,6 gam Fe vo 550 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M. Sau khi cc
phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l (bit th t trong dy th in ho:
Fe3+/Fe2+ ng trc Ag+/Ag)
A. 59,4.
B. 64,8.
C. 32,4.
D. 54,0.
n Al = 2,7/27 = 0,1 mol , n Fe = 5,6/56 = 0,1 mol , n AgNO3 = 0,55.1 = 0,55 mol
Khi cho hn hp kim loi gm Al , Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 th Al s phn ng trc nu Al ht s n Fe
phn ng , nu AgNO3 d sau phn ng vi Fe th c phn ng Ag+ + Fe2+ Ag + Fe3+
Al + 3AgNO3 Al(NO3)3 + 3Ag (1)
Ban u
0,1
0,55
Phn ng
0,1
0,3
0,3
Kt thc
0
0,25
0,3
Al ht Tnh theo Al , n AgNO3 = 3.n Al AgNO3 d : 0,55 3.0,1 = 0,25 mol
Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag (2)
Ban u
0,1
0,25
Phn ng
0,1
0,2
0,1
0,2
Kt thc
0
0,15
0,1
0,2
Sau phn ng AgNO3 d : 0,15 mol tip tc c phn ng

Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag (3)
Ban u
0,1
0,15
Phn ng
0,1
0,1
0,1
Kt thc
0
0,05
0,1
T (1) , (2) , (3) tng s mol Ag = 0,3 + 0,2 + 0,1 = 0,6 m Ag = 0,6.108 = 64,8 gam
Chn B .
Cu 15 : Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl
(d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c
7,62 gam FeCl 2 v m gam FeCl 3 . Gi tr ca m l :
A. 9,75
B. 8,75
C. 7,80
D. 6,50
Ta c th tch Fe 3 O 4 = FeO + Fe 2 O 3
Lc ny hn hp cht rn ch cn FeO , Fe 2 O 3
FeO + 2HCl FeCl 2 + H 2 O
x
x
Fe 2 O 3 + 6HCl 2FeCl 3 + 3H 2 O
Y
2y
Gi x , y l s mol ca cht FeO , Fe 2 O 3 .
m cht rn = 72x + 160y = 9,12 gam
Khi l ng mui FeCl 2 l : 127x = 7,62
Giai h : x = 0,06 mol , y = 0,03 mol
Khi l ng mui FeCl 3 = 2.0,03.162,5 = 9,75 gam
Chn p n A .
Cu 16 : Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton
mt hn hp gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht
l NO)
A. 1,0 lt
B. 0,6 lt
C. 0,8 lt
D. 1,2 lt
Nhn xt : Lng HNO 3 ti thiu cn dng khi: Fe Fe 2 + , Cu Cu 2 +
S cho nhn e :
Fe 2e Fe 2 +
Cu 2e Cu 2 +
N + 5 + 3e N + 2
0,15 0,3
0,15 0,3
3x
x
Theo nh lut bo ton mol e : 0,3 + 0,3 = 3x x = 0,2 mol
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 47 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Fe , Cu + HNO 3 Fe(NO 3 ) 2 + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 + NO + H 2 O

0,15
0,15
0,15
0,15
0,2
Bo ton nguyn t N : S mol HNO 3 = 0,3 + 0,3 + 0,2 = 0,8 mol
Chn C .
Cu 17: Cho 6,72 gam Fe vo 400 ml dung dch HNO 3 1M, n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu
c kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a m gam Cu.
Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,92.
B. 3,20.
C. 0,64.
D. 3,84.
Ban u 0,12 0,4 mol
HNO3 ht , sau phn ng c : Fe(NO3)3 0,1 mol ; Fe d : 0,02 mol
Lng Cu ti a uc ho tan ht l khi n tham gia c hai phn ng :
Ban u 0,02 0,1
Sau phn ng Fe(NO3)3 d : 0,1 0,04 = 0,06 mol
Cu + 2Fe(NO3)3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2Fe(NO3)2
Ban u
0,06
S mol Cu ti a c ho tan l : 0,03 mol m Cu = 0,03.64 = 1,92 gam
Chn p n A

A. 17,8 v 4,48.
B. 17,8 v 2,24.
C. 10,8 v 4,48.
D. 10,8 v 2,24.
n Cu(NO3)2 = 0,16 n Cu2+ = 0,16 , n NO3- = 0,32 mol
n H2SO4 = 0,2 n H+ = 0,4
3Fe + 2NO3- + 8H+ 3Fe2+ + 2NO + 4H2O
(1)
0,15---------- 0,4---------------0,1
Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu
(2)
0,16-----0,16--------------0,16
Bo ton st : m = 0,15.56 p(1) + 0,16.56 p(2) + (0,6m 0,16.64 ) d m = 17,8
Mt khc V NO = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24
Chn p n B
Cu 19: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl 2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng l
1 : 2) vo mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3 (d) vo dung
dch X, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 68,2
B. 28,7
C. 10,8
D. 57,4
Gi s mol ca FeCl2 l x 127x + 58,5.2.x= 24,4 x = 0,1.
FeCl2 + 2AgNO3 2AgCl + Fe(NO3)2
0,1-------0,2--------0,2-------0,1 mol
NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3
0,2-------0,2------0,2
Fe(NO3)2 + AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + Ag (*)
0,1-------------------------------------0,1
m = (0,02 + 0,02)143,5 + 108.0,1 = 68,2 (g);
p n A
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 48 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
Dng ton in phn

Cc em thn mn , hu ht cc em u yu gii cc bi ton v in phn , gip cc
em khng cn e ngi dng ton ny na , thy Ngc Quang c gng su tp y
cc dng gm cc CU HI L THUYT & DNG BI TP IN PHN . c
bit cc bi tp c gii cn thn , chi tit , d hiu .
Chc cc em hc tt !
L thuyt :
- Qa trnh in phn din ra ca tt : Qa trnh kh cc ion dng kim loi v H2O
in phn nng chy : Th t kh tng dn t tri qua phi theo chiu tng dn tnh oxi ha
ca ion kim loi
in phn dung dch : Cc ion kim loi t : Li+ Al3+ khng b in phn (nc s b phn ).
- Qa trnh in phn anot (c dng ) : Th t gim dn nh sau : I- > Br- > I- > H2O (F- khng
b in phn )
Mt vi v d v in phn :
VD1 : in phn dd NaCl :
NaCl Na+ + Cl-
Catot (-)
Na+ khng b in phn
2H2O + e H2 + 2OH-
Anot (+)
2Cl- - 2e Cl2
Phng trnh : 2Cl- + 2H2O Cl2 + H2 + 2OH2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2

Tng t vi cc phng trnh in phn cc cht : NaCl , CaCl , MgCl2 , BaCl2 , AlCl3
Khng th iu ch kim loi t : Na Al bng phng php in phn dung dch .
VD2 : in phn dung dch : Cu(NO3)2 :
Cu(NO3)2 Cu2+ + 2NO3Catot(-)
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
Anot (+)
- 49 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
NO3- khng b in phn .

Cu + 2e Cu
2H2O - 4e 4H+ + O2
2+
Phng trnh : Cu + H2O Cu + 2H+ + O2
Cu(NO3)2 + H2O Cu + 2HNO3 + O2
2+
Tng t vi trng hp in phn cc mui ca kim loi yu t Zn Hg vi cc gc axit NO3- ,

SO42- .
FeSO4 + H2O Fe + H2SO4 + O2
VD3 : in phn dung dch Na2CO3 :

Na2CO3 2Na+ + CO32-
Catot (-)
Na+ khng b in phn
H2O + 2e H2 + OH-
Anot (+)
CO32- khng b in phn
H2O e H+ + O2
Phng trnh : 2H2O H2 + OH- + H+ + O2

H2O H2 + O2
Tng t in phn cc dung dich NaNO3 , Ca(NO3)2 , K2SO4 (Mui ca kim loi t Na + Al3+
vi cc gc axit c cha Oxi ) cng in phn to ra O2 + H2
Cng thc Faraday : S mol e trao i mi in cc :

n = It/96500
I l cng dng in , t l thi gian tnh bng s
Hoc : n = It/96500.ne
n e : ha tr ca kim loi
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 50 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
BI TON IN PHN
Cu 1:in phn 100ml dung dch cha AgNO3 0.1M v Cu(NO3)2 0.1M vi cng dng
in I l 1.93A.Tnh thi gian in phn (vi hiu xut l 100%).
1) kt ta ht Ag (t1)
2) kt ta ht Ag v Cu (t2)
a)t1 = 500s, t2 = 1000s
b) t1 = 1000s, t2 = 1500s
c)t1 = 500s, t2 = 1200s
d) t1 = 500s, t2 = 1500s
n AgNO3 = 0,01 mol ; n Cu(NO3)2 = 0,01 mol
in phn ht AgNO3 :
n 1= It/96500.1 0,01 = 1,93.t1 / 96500 t1 = 500 s
in phn ht 0,01 mol Cu(NO3)2 :
n 2 = It2/96500.2 0,01 = 1,93.t2/96500.2 t2 = 1000 s
Tng thi gian in phn ht c hn hp trn l : t = t1 + t2 = 500 + 1000 = 1500 s
Chn p n d .
Cu 2:in phn 100ml dung dch CuSO4 0.2M vi cng I = 9.65 A.Tnh khi lng Cu
bm bn catot khi thi gian in phn t1 = 200s v t2 = 500s(vi hiu sut l 100%).
a) 0.32g ; 0.64g
b) 0.64g ; 1.28g
c) 0.64g ; 1.32g
d) 0.32g ; 1.28g
n CuSO4 = 0,2.0,1 = 0,02 mol
Trc tin ta cn tnh thi gian in phn ht 0,02 mol CuSO4 l :
n = It/96500.2 0,02 = 9,65.t / 96500.2 t = 400 s
Phng trnh in phn :
CuSO4 + H2O Cu + H2SO4 + O2
Khi in phn trong thi gian t1 = 200 s :
n = It/96500.2 = 9,65.200/96500.2 = 0,01 mol Khi lng Cu = 0,01.64 = 0,64 gam
Khi in phn trong 500 s : V in phn ht 0,02 mol CuSO4 ht 400s , nn 100s cn li s in phn H2O
theo phng trnh : H2O H2 + O2
Khi lng kim loi Cu thu c : 0,02.64 = 1,28 gam
Chn p n b .
Cu 3:in phn 100ml dung dch CuSO4 0.1M cho n khi va bt u si bt bn catot th
ngng in phn. Tnh pH dung dch ngay khi y vi hiu sut l 100%.Th tch dung dch
c xem nh khng i. Ly lg2 = 0.30.
a) pH = 0.1 b) pH = 0.7 c) pH = 2.0 d) pH = 1.3
n khi va bt u si bt kh bn catot th Cu2+ va ht .
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 51 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
in phn dung dch : CuSO4 :

CuSO4
Catot(-)
Cu2+ + SO42Anot (+)
SO42- khng b in phn .

Cu + 2e Cu
2H2O - 4e 4H+ + O2
0,02 0,01
0,02 -0,02
S mol e cho anot = s mol e cho catot n H+ = 0,01 mol
[H+] = 0,02/0,1 = 0,2 pH = -lg0,2 = 0,7 Chn p n B
2+
Cu 4:in phn 100ml dung dch cha NaCl vi in cc tr ,c mng ngn, cng dng
in I l 1.93A. Tnh thi gian in phn c dung dch pH = 12, th tch dung dch c
xim nh khng thay i,hiu sut in phn l 100%.
a) 100s
b) 50s
c) 150s
d) 200s
V dung dch c PH = 12 Mi trng kim .
p H = 12 [H+] = 10-12 [OH-] = 0,01 S mol OH- = 0,001 mol
NaCl Na+ + Cl-
Catot (-)
Na+ khng b in phn
2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH-
Anot (+)
Cl- + 2e Cl2
0,001<----------0,001
S mol e trao i l : n = 0,001 mol

p dng cng thc Faraday : n = It/96500 0,001 = 1,93.t / 96500
t = 50 s
Cu 5:in phn 100 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2M v AgNO3 0.1M vi cng dng in I =
3.86A.Tnh thi gian in phn c mt khi lng kim loi bm bn catot l 1.72g.Cho
Cu =64. Ag = 108.
a) 250s
b) 1000s
c) 500s
d) 750s
S gam kim loi Ag ti a c to thnh : 0,01.108 = 1,08 gam
S gam Cu ti a to thnh : 0,02.64 = 1,28 gam
V 1,08 < 1,72 < 1,08 + 1,28 in phn ht AgNO3 , V cn d mt phn CuSO4
Khi lng Cu c to thnh : 1,72 1,08 = 0,64 gam n Cu = 0,01 mol
p dng cng thc Faraday :
Cho Ag : 0,01 = 3,86.t1 / 96500.1 t1 = 250s
Cho Cu : 0,01 = 3,86.t2 / 96500.2 t2 = 500 s
Tng thi gian : 250 + 500 = 750 s
Chn d .
Cu 6:in phn 100ml dung dch CuCl2 0.08M. Cho dung dch thu c sau khi in phn
tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d th thu c 0.861g kt ta. Tnh khi lng Cu bm bn
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 52 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
catot v th tch thu c bn anot. Cho Cu = 64.

a) 0.16g Cu ; 0.056 l Cl2
b) 0.64g Cu ; 0.112 l Cl2
c) 0.32g Cu ; 0.112 l Cl2
d) 0.64g Cu ; 0.224 l Cl2
n CuCl2 = 0,008 mol
CuCl2 Cu +
0,005 ----0,005
Cl2 (1)
0,005 mol
Dung dch sau phn ng c phn ng vi AgNO3 to ra kt ta CuCl2 d

CuCl2 + 2AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2AgCl
0,003 ---------------------------------------0,006
CuCl2 tham gia phn ng (1) = 0,008 0,003 = 0,005 mol

Khi lng Cu = 0,005.64 = 0,32 gam , th tch kh Cl2 thu c : 0,005.22,4 = 0,112 lt
Chn p n C .
Cu 7:in phn 100ml dung dch CuSO4 0.1M vi cng I = 9,65A.Tnh th tch kh thu
c bn catot v bn anot lc t1 = 200s v t2 = 300s.
a) catot: 0 ; 112ml
v
anot: 112 ; 168ml
c) catot: 0 ; 112ml
v
anot: 56 ; 112ml
b) catot: 112 ; 168ml
v
anot: 56 ; 84ml
d) catot: 56 ; 112ml v
anot: 28 ; 56ml
Cu2+ + SO42-
CuSO4
Catot(-)
Anot (+)
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Thi gian in phn ht : 0,01 mol CuSO4 :
0,01 = 9,65.t / 96500.2 t = 200 s

2H2O - 4e 4H+ + O2
Xt thi im t1 = 200 s n CuSO4 in phn ht = 0,01 mol

Phng trnh in phn CuSO4 :
CuSO4 + H2O Cu + H2SO4 + O2
0,01
0,01
0,005 mol
Th tch kh thu c anot : 0,005.22,4 = 0,112 l = 112 ml
Khng c kh thot ra catot .
Xt thi im t2 = 300s , in phn CuSO4 ht 200s , cn in phn H2O ht 100s
CuSO4
Catot(-)
Cu2+ + SO42Anot (+)

Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 53 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
2H2O - 4e 4H+ + O2
0,01--- 0,02
0,03 ------ 0,0075
H2O + 2e H2 + OH0,01 0,005
Trong 300 s s mol e trao i ti hai in cc l :

n = It/96500 = 300.9,65/96500 = 0,03 mol
Trong khi ti catot Cu2+ nhn 0,01.2 = 0,02 mol e H2O s nhn 0,03 0,02 = 0,01 mol e cn li
Kh thot ra ti catot : H2 , V = 0,005.22,4 = 0,112 lt
Kh thot ra ti anot O2 : V = 0,0075.22,4 = 0,168 lt
Chn p n A .
Cu 8:in phn 100ml dung dch AgNO3 0.2M. Tnh cng I bit rng phi in phn
trong thi gian 1000s th bt u si bt bn catot v tnh pH ca dung dch ngay khi y. Th
tch dung dch c xem nh khng thay i trong qu trnh in phn. Ly lg2 = 0.30.
a) I = 1.93A,pH = 0,7
b) I = 2.86A,pH
= 2.0
c) I = 1.93A,pH = 1.3
d) I = 2.86A,pH
= 1.7
AgNO3
Ag+ + NO3-
Catot(-)
Anot (+)

Ag+ + 1e Ag
2H2O - 4e 4H+ + O2
0,02- 0,02----------------------------- 0,02-- 0,02
Khi bt u si bt kh bn catot c ngha l Ag+ va ht
n Ag+ = n AgNO3 = 0,2.0,1 = 0,02 mol ,
Theo cng thc faraday : n = It/965000 0,02 = I.1000/96500 I = 1,93 A
Theo s in phn : n H+ = 0,02 mol [H+] = 0,02/0,1 = 0,2 pH = -lg0,2 = 0,7
Chn p n A .
Cu 9:in phn 200ml dung dch CuSO4 0.1M v MgSO4 cho n khi bt u si bt bn
catot th ngng in phn. Tinh khi lng kim loi bm bn catot v th tch(ktc) thot ra
bn anot.Cho Cu = 64, Mg = 24.
a) 1.28g; 2.24 lt
b) 0.64; 1.12lt
c) 1.28g; 1.12 lt
d) 0.64; 2.24 lt
n CuSO4 = 0,02 mol
V ion Mg2+ khng b in phn nn khi catot bt u si bt kh c ngha l Cu2+ va b
in phn ht .
CuSO4
Catot(-)
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
Cu2+ + SO42Anot (+)
- 54 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
2+
Cu + 2e Cu
0,02--- 0,04 -- 0,02

2H2O - 4e 4H+ + O2
0,04 ---------- 0,01
Khi lng kim loi thu c catot l : 0,02.64 = 1,28 gam , th tch kh thot ra anot :
0,01.22,4 = 2,24 lt .
Chn p n A
Cu 10 : Khi in phn 1 dm3 dd NaCl (d = 1,2). Trong qu trnh in
phn ch thu c 1 cht kh in cc. Sau qu trnh in phn kt
thc, ly dd cn li trong bnh in phn c cn cho ht hi nc thu c
125g cn kh. em cn kh nhit phn khi lng gim i 8g
Hiu sut qu trnh in phn l:
A. 46,8
%
B. 50%
C. 56,8
%
D. 20,3% E. Kt qu khc
NaCl Na+ + Cl-
Catot (-)
Na+ khng b in phn
2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH-
Anot (+)
Cl- - 2e Cl2
V sau khi in phn ch thu c 1 kh duy nht Cl2 phn ng ht theo phng trnh sau :
Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O
0,5------------------------0,5 mol
NaClO NaCl + O2
Khi lng cht rn gim = khi lng O2 n O2 = 8/32 = 0,25 mol

Dung dch sau phn ng gm NaCl , NaClO . C cn ri Nung cht rn c phn ng :
NaClO NaCl + O2
0,5 ----------------0,25
2NaCl +2 H2O 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2
1------------------------------0,5
125 gam cn kh gm NaCl , NaClO
Khi lng NaClO = 0,5.74,5 = 37,25 gam
Khi lng NaCl c trong hn hp trc khi nung : 125 37,25 = 87,75 gam
Khi lng ca NaCl to thnh t (1) : 0,5.58,5 = 29,25 gam
Khi lng NaCl d sau p in phn = 87,75 29,25 = 58,5 gam
Tng khi lng NaCl ban u = phn ng + d = 58,5 + 58,5 = 117 H = 50%
Cu 11 : in phn 100 ml hn hp dung dch gm FeCl3 1M , FeCl2 2M , CuCl2 1M v HCl

2M vi in cc tr c mng ngn xp cng dng in l 5A trong 2 gi 40 pht 50 giy
catot thu c
A.5,6 g Fe
B.2,8 g Fe
C.6,4 g Cu
D.4,6 g Cu
Theo : n Fe3+ = 0,1 mol ; n Fe2+ = 0,2 mol ; n Cu2+ = 0,1 mol ; n HCl = 0,2 mol
Sp xp tnh oxi ha ca cc ion theo chiu tng dn : Fe2+ < H+ < Cu2+ < Fe3+
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 55 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Th t b in phn :
Fe3+ + 1e Fe2+ (1)
0,1----0,1---0,1
Cu2+ + 2e Cu (2)
0,1----0,2---0,1
H+ + 1e Ho (3)
0,2---0,2
Fe2+ + 2e Fe (4)
Theo cng thc Faraday s mol e trao i hai in cc :
n = It/96500 = 5.9650/96500 = 0,5 mol
V s mol e trao i ch l 0,5 mol Khng c phn ng (4) , kim loi thu c ch phn ng (2) Khi
lng kim loi thu c catot l : 0,1.64 = 6,4 gam
Chn p n C.
Cu 12 : in phn hon ton dung dch hn hp gm a mol Cu(NO3)2 v b mol NaCl vi
in cc tr , mng ngn xp . dung dch thu c sau khi in phn c kh nng phn
ng vi Al2O3 th
A. b = 2a
B.b > 2a
C.b < 2a
D.b < 2a hoc b > 2a
Cu(NO3)2 Cu2+ + 2NO3a
a
NaCl
Na+ + Clb
b
Catot(-)
Anot (+)
Na+ khng b in phn

Cu2+ + 2e Cu
2Cl- - 2e Cl2
2+
Phng trnh : Cu + 2Cl Cu + Cl2 (1)
a
b
Nu d Cu2+ sau (1) : a > b/2 ( 2a > b ) th ti Anot c phn ng : Cu2+ + 2H2O Cu + 4H+ + O2
Dung dch thu c c axit nn c phn ng vi Al2O3
Nu d Cl- sau (1) : a < b/2 ( b < 2a) Th ti catot c phn ng : 2H2O + 2Cl- 2OH- + H2 + Cl2
Dung dch thu c c mi trng bazo C phn ng vi Al2O3 :
NaOH + Al2O3 NaAlO2 + H2O
Chn p n D .
Cu 13 :in phn 500 ml dung dch A : FeSO4 v KCl vi in cc tr , gia cc in cc

c mng ngn xp ngn cch . Sauk hi in phn xong anot thu c 4,48 lt kh B ktc .
ca tt thu c kh C v bnh in phn thu c dung dch D . Dung dch D ha tan ti a
15,3 gam Al2O3 .
1.Tnh nng mol/l cc cht trong A
2.Tnh th tch kh C thot ra catot
3.Sau khi in phn khi lng dung dch A gim i bao nhiu gam ?
FeSO4
a
KCl
b
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
Fe2+ + SO42a
K+ + Clb
- 56 -
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
CC DNG TON HA V C
Catot(-)
Anot (+)
Na+ khng b in phn

2+
Fe + 2e Fe
2Cl- - 2e Cl2
Phng trnh : Fe2+ + 2Cl- Fe + Cl2
a
b
V dung dch thu c c phn ng vi Al2O3 lng tnh C th mi trng kim (Cl- d ) , C th mi
trng axit (Cu2+ d )
Nu d Cl- :
Fe2+ + 2Cl- Fe + Cl2 (1)
a
b Cl- d = b 2a mol
a--------------------- a
2Cl- + H2O OH- + Cl2 + H2(2)
b 2a---------b 2a-------b/2-a----b-2a
Theo gi thit : S mol kh thu c anot : Cl2 : a + (b/2-a) = b/2 = 0,2 mol b = 0,4
2OH- + Al2O3 2AlO2- + H2O
0,3---0,15
b 2a = 0,3 mol
a = 0,05 mol Tha mn .
A.Nng mol ca FeSO4 = 0,05/0,5 = 0,1M ; Nng mol ca KCl = 0,4/0,5 = 0,8M
B.Kh thot ra catot : theo (2) S mol H2 = b -2a = 0,4 0,1 = 0,3 mol V H2 = 6,72 lt
C.Khi lng dung dch gim = khi lng Fe + H2 + Cl2 = 0,05.56 + 0,3.2 + 0,2.35,5 = 10,5 g
Nu Fe2+ d : Kh thot ra anot l Cl2 v O2
Fe2+ + 2Cl- Fe + Cl2
a
b Fe2+ d = a b/2 mol
b----------- b/2
Fe2+ + H2O Fe + 1/2O2 + 2H+ (3)
a-b/2------------------------- a/2-b/4 ----2a b
Al2O3 + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3H2O
0,15--0,9
2a b = 0,9
Tng Kh Cl2 v O2 : (a/2 b/4) + b/2 = 0,2 a + b = 0,4 gii h c nghim m loi
Cu 14 : in phn 200 ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,1M v CuSO4 0,5M bng in cc

tr . Khi catot c 3,2 gam Cu th th tch kh thot ra Anot l
A.0,56 lt
B.0,84 lt
C.0,672 lt
D.0,448 lt
CuSO4
Cu2+ + SO42-
0,1
HCl
0,1
H+ +
0,02
Catot(-)
2+
Cu + 2e Cu
0,1--0,05
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
Cl0,02
Anot (+)
2Cl- - 2e Cl2
0,02-0,01
- 57 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

2H2O 4e 4H+ + O2
0,08 --------0,02 mol
Khi catot thot ra 3,2 gam Cu tc l 0,05 mol S mol Cu2+ nhn 0,1 mol , m Cl- cho ti a 0,02 mol
0,08 mol cn li l H2O cho
T s in phn kh thot ra ti anot l : Cl2 0,01mol ; O2 0,02 mol
Tng th tch : 0,03.22,4 = 0,672 lt
Chn p n C .
I HC KHI B 2009 .
Cu 15: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl 2 0,1M v NaCl
0,5M (in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy.
Dung dch thu c sau in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l
A. 4,05
B. 2,70
C. 1,35
D. 5,40
S mol e trao i khi in phn : n = 5.3860/96500 = 0,2 mol
n CuCl2 = 0,1.0,5 = 0,05 mol ; n NaCl = 0,5.0,5 = 0,25 mol
n Cu2+ = 0,05 mol , n Cl- = 0,25 + 0,05 = 0,3 mol Vy Cl- d , Cu2+ ht , nn ti catot s c phn
ng in phn nc .(sao cho s mol e nhn catot l 0,2)
Ti catot :
Ti anot :
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
2Cl- + 2e Cl2
0,05---0,1
0,2--0,2
2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH0,1----(0,2 - 0,1)-0,1
Dung dch sau khi in phn c 0,1 mol OH- c kh nng phn ng vi Al theo phng trnh :
Al + OH- + H2O AlO2- + 3/2 H2
0,1-0,1
mAlmax = 0,1.27= 2,7 (g)
p n B
Cu 16 : in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m
kg Al catot v 67,2 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt (
ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca
m l
A. 54,0
B. 75,6
C. 67,5
D. 108,0
Ti catot(-) :Al3+ + 3e Al
Ti anot (+) : O-2 2e O2

Kh oxi sinh ra anot t chy dn C : C + O2 CO2
CO2 + C 2CO
Co 4e C+4 v Co 2e C+2
Phng trnh in phn :

2Al2O3 + 3C 4Al + 3CO2 (1)
0,8---0,6
Al2O3 + C 2Al + 3CO (2)
1,2<---1,8
2Al2O3 4Al + 3O2 (3)
0,8<---0,6
2,24 lt kh X + Ca(OH)2 2 gam CaCO3 S mol CO2 trong l 0,02 mol
S mol CO2 c trong 67,2 lt l 0,6
Xt 67,2 lt kh X : CO : x mol ; CO2 : 0,6 mol , O2 : y mol
Ta c : x + 0,6 + y = 3 mol ; M = (28.x + 44.0,6 + 32.y )/3 = 16.2
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 58 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Gii h ta c : x = 1,8 ; y = 0,6

Thay vo cc phng trnh Tng s mol Al = 0,8 + 1,2 + 0,8 = 2,8 mol
m Al = 75,6 gam .
p n B
B CU HI L THUYT :
Bi 1: Trong qu trnh in phn nhng cation s di chuyn v:
A. Cc dng, y xy ra s oxi ho
B. Cc dng, y xy ra s kh
C. Cc m, y xy ra s oxi ho
D. Cc m, y xy ra s kh
Bi 2: Qu trnh xy ra ti cc in cc khi in phn dung dch AgNO3 l :
A. Cc dng : Kh ion NO3B. Cc m : Oxi ho ion NO3+
C. Cc m : Kh ion Ag
D. Cc dng : Kh H2O
Bi 3: Mt dung dch X cha ng thi NaNO3, Cu(NO3)2, Fe(NO3)3, Zn(NO3)2,
AgNO3. Th t cc kim loi thot ra catot khi in phn dung dch trn l:
A.Ag, Fe,Cu, Zn, B. Ag, Fe, Cu, Zn
C. Ag, Cu, Fe
D.Ag,Cu, Fe, Zn, Na
Na
Bi 4 Phn ng in phn nng chy no di y b vit sai sn phm?
dpnc
dpnc
A. Al2O3
B. 2NaOH
2Al+3/2O2
2Na+O2+ H2
dpnc
dpnc
C. 2NaCl
D. CaBr2
2Na+Cl2
Ca + Br2
Bi 5 Dy gm cc kim loi c iu ch trong cng nghip bng phng php
in phn hp cht nng chy ca chng l. (H KHI A 2007)
A. Na, Ca, Zn
B. Na, Cu, Al
C. Na, Ca, Al
D. Fe, Ca, Al
Bi 6: Khi in phn hn hp dung dch NaCl v CuSO4 , nu dung dch sau khi
in phn ho tan c NaHCO3 th s xy trng hp no sau y:
A. NaCl d
B. NaCl d hoc CuSO4 d
C. CuSO4 d
D. NaCl v CuSO4 b in phn ht
Bi 7: in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl ( vi in cc tr ,
c mng ngn xp ) . dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn
sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l ( bit ion SO 42- khng b in phn
trong dung dch ) (H KHI b 2007)
A. b > 2a
B. b =2a
C. b < 2a
D. 2b =a
Bi 8: Khi in phn c vch ngn dung dch gm NaCl, HCl . Sau mt thi gian
in phn xc nh xy ra trng hp no sau y, trng hp no ng :
A. Dung dch thu c c lm qu tm B. Dung dch thu c khng i mu
ha
qu tm
C. Dung dch thu c lm xanh qu D. A, B, C u ng
tm
Bi 9. ng dng no di y khng phi l ng dng ca s in phn ?
A. iu ch mt s kim loi, phi kim v B. Thng qua cc phn ng sn
hp cht
sinh ra dng in
C. Tinh ch mt s kim loi nh Cu, Pb, D. M Zn, sn, Ni, Ag, Au... bo v v
Zn, Fe, Ag, Au...
trang tr kim loi
Bi 10: Natri, canxi, magie, nhm c sn xut trong cng nghip bng phng
php no:
A. Phng php thu luyn.
B. Phng php nhit luyn.
C. Phng php in phn.
D. Phng php in phn
hp cht nng chy.
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 59 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Bi 11: Th tch kh hiro sinh ra khi in phn dung dch cha cng mt lng
NaCl c mng ngn (1) v khng c mng ngn (2) l:
A. bng nhau.
B. (2) gp i (1).
C. (1) gp i (2).
D. khng xc nh.
Bi 12: Trong qu trnh in phn dung dch KCl, qu trnh no sau y xy
ra cc dng (anot)
A. ion Cl b oxi ho.

B. ion Cl b kh.
+
+
C. ion K b kh.
D. ion K b oxi ho.
Bi 13: iu no l khng ng trong cc iu sau:
A. in phn dung dch NaCl thy pH dung dch tng dn
B. in phn dung dch CuSO4 thy pH dung dch gim dn
C. in phn dung dch NaCl + CuSO4 thy pH dung dich khng i
D. in phn dung dch NaCl + HCl thy pH dung dch tng dn
Bi 14 in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr
c mng ngn xp). dung dch sau khi n phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn
sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l (bit ion SO42- khng b in phn
trong dung dch)
A. b > 2a
B. b = 2a
C. b < 2a
D. 2b = a
Bi 15: Trong cng nghip natri hiroxit c sn xut bng phng php
A. in phn dung dch NaCl, khng c mng ngn in cc
B. in phn dung dch NaNO3, khng c mng ngn in cc
C. in phn dung dch NaCl, c mng ngn in cc
D. in phn NaCl nng chy
Bi 16: iu ch Cu t dung dch Cu(NO3)2 bng phng php no th thu c
Cu tinh khit 99,999% ?
A. Phng php thy luyn.
B. Phng php nhit luyn
C. Phng php in phn
D. C A, B, C
c - Bi tp t giI SU TP :
Bi 1: Tin hnh in phn in cc tr, c mng ngn 1 dung dch cha
m(g) hn hp CuSO4, NaCl cho ti khi nc bt u in phn c 2 in cc th
dng li. anot thu c 0,448 lt kh (ktc), dung dch sau phn ng c th ho
tan ti a 0,68g Al2O3.
1. Tnh m
2. Tnh khi lng catot tng trong qu trnh in phn
3. Tnh khi lng dung dch gim I sau qu trnh in phn. (Gs nc bay hi
khng ng k)
Bi 2: Ho tan 12,5g CuSO4.5H2O vo dung dch cha a(g) HCl c 100ml dung
dch X. in phn dung dch X vi in cc tr, dng in 1 chiu 5A trong
386 giy.
1. Vit cc PTHH c th xy ra khi in phn.
2. Tnh nng mol/l cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn
3. Sau in phn ly in cc ra ri cho vo phn dung dch 5,9g 1 kim loi M
(ng sau Mg trong dy in ho). Khi phn ng kt thc, ngi ta thu c 0,672
lt kh (1,6atm v 54,60C) v lc dung dch thu c 3,26g cht rn. Xc nh m
v tnh a.
4. Nu khng cho M m tip tc in phn , v nguyn tc phi in phn
bao lu mi thy kh thot ra K.
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 60 -
H ni 2009
CC DNG TON HA V C
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Bi 3: Nung hon ton 45,6g hn hp 2 mui hirocacbonat ca kim loi R v R

thu c hn hp cht rn A v hn hp kh B. Cho B hp th ht vo 2 lt dung
dch Ba(OH)2 0,3M (d=1,2) thu c 102,44g kt ta.
Sau phn ng khi lng dung dch cn 2325,48g v dung dch vn c tnh baz.
Ho tan ht cht rn A cn 500ml dung dch HCl 3,65% th thu c 2 mui
clorua ca R v R
Nu em in phn nng chy mui clorua ca R trong A th cn thi gian
t(giy) vi cng I = 10A. Trong khi , cng vi thi gian v cng nh trn
em in phn nng chy mui clorua ca R trong A th c 11,04g R.
a. Hy xc nh R, R
b. Tnh D ca dung dch HCl dng.
Bi 4: Trong 500ml dung dch A cha 0,4925g mt hn hp gm mui clorua v
hiroxit ca kim loi kim. Dung dch A c pH =12. Khi in phn 1/10 dung
dch A cho n khi ht clo th thu c 11,2ml kh clo (2730C v 1atm).
a) Xc nh kim loi
b) 1/10 A tc dng va vi 25ml dung dch CuCl2. Tm nng mol ca dd
CuCl2
c) Hi phi in phn 1/10A trong bao lu vi I = 96,5A c dung dch c 1
cht tan vi pH=13.
Bi 5: Tin hnh in phn dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,01M + CuCl2 0,1M +
NaCl 0,1M, in cc tr, mng ngn xp. V th biu din s bin thin pH
ca dung dch theo qu trnh in phn.
Bi 6: in phn 100ml dung dch cha Cu2+, Na+; H+;
SO42- c pH = 1,
in cc tr. Sau mt thi gian in phn, rt in cc ra khi

dung dch, thy khi lng trong dung dch gim 0,64 gam v dung
dch c mu xanh nht, th tch dung dch khng i.
1.Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh in
phn.
2. Tnh nng H+ c trong dung dch sau khi in phn.
Bi 7: M l kim loi c tng s ht c bn l 87, X l halogenua. in phn dung
dch MXa bng dng in 5A, in cc tr, sau 21 pht 27 giy ngng in
phn, thy trn catot sinh ra 1,9575 gam kimloi M. Xc nh tn kimloi M v
nguyn t X bit MXa c khi lng phn t l 218,7
Bi 8: Nu phng php tch tng cht sau ra khi hn hp: KCl; BaCl2; MgCl2
Bi 9: iu ch cc kimloi t hn hp sau:NaCl; BaCl2; AlCl3; CuCl2
Bi 10: Nhng qu trnh no xy ra khi in phn dung dch Cu(NO3)2 bng
than ch? Sau nu i chiu dng in th iu g s xy ra?
Bi 11: Tnh thi gian in phn dung dch NiSO4 bng dng in 2A
ph kn c 2 mt mt l kim loi mng c kch thc 10 10 cm bng mt lp niken
c b dy 0,05mm. Bit rng niken c khi lng ring 8,9g/cm3 v hiu sut in
phn l 90%.
Bi 12: in phn dung dch NaCl cho n khi ht mui vi dng in 1,61A
thy ht 60pht
1. Tnh khi lng kh thot ra, bit rng in cc tr, mng ngn xp.
2.Trn dung dch sau in phn vi dung dch H2SO4 cha 0,04 mol ri c cn
dung dch. Tnh khi lng mui khan thu c.
Bi 13: in phn 2 lt dung dch CuSO4 0,5M vi in cc tr. Sau mt thi
gian, ngng in phn v cho i qua dung dch sau in phn mt lng d kh
A th thu c 72gam cht kt ta mu en. Bit rng, khi t chy A trong oxi
d th thu c hi nc v kh B , B lm mt mu dung dch nc brom
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 61 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
1. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cc kh A, B

2. Tnh th tch kh thot ra trn anot ktc
3. Tnh th tch dung dch HNO3 60% ( d= 1,37g/ml) cn thit ho tan lng
kim loi thot ra trn catot.
Bi 14. in phn n ht 0,1 mol Cu (NO3)2 trong dung dch vi in tc tr,
th sau in phn khi lng dung dch gim bao nhiu gam
A. 1,6g
B. 6,4g
C. 8,0 gam
D. 18,8g
Bi 15. Tnh th tch kh (ktc) thu c khi in phn ht 0,1 mol NaCl trong
dung dch vi in cc tr, mng ngn xp.
A. 0,024 lit
B. 1,120 lit
C. 2,240 lit
D. 4,489 lit
Bi 16: in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr , sau mt thi gian thu c
0,32 gam Cu catot v mt lng kh X anot. Hp th hon ton lng kh X trn
vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH nhit thng). Sau phn ng nng NaOH
cn li l 0,05M ( gi thit th tch ca dung dch NaOH khng thay i). Nng
ban u ca dung dch NaOH l. (H KHI A 2007)
A. 0,15 M
B. 0,2M
C. 0,1 M
D. 0,05M
Bi 17: in phn 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 vi in cc tr bng dng in
mt chiu I = 9,65 A. Khi th tch kh thot ra c hai n cc u l 1,12 lt
(ktc) th dng in phn. Khi lng kim loi sinh ra katt v thi gian in
phn l:
A. 3,2gam v1000 B. 2,2 gam v 800 C. 6,4 gam v D. 5,4 gam v
s
s
3600 s
1800 s
Bi 18. in phn 200ml dd CuSO4 0,5 M v FeSO4 0,5M trong 15 pht vi in
cc tr v dng in I= 5A s thu c catot:
A. ch c ng
B. Va ng, va st
C. ch c st
D. va ng va st vi lng mi kim loi l ti
a
Bi 19: in phn dung dch CuSO4 bng in cc tr vi dng in c cng
I = 0,5A trong thi gian 1930 giy th khi lng ng v th tch kh O2 sinh
ra l
A: 0, 64g v 0,112 B: 0, 32g v 0, C: 0, 96g v 0, D: 1, 28g v 0,
lit
056 lt
168 lt
224 lt
Bi 20: in phn 200ml dung dch hn hp gm HCl 0,1M v CuSO4 0,5M bng
in cc tr. Khi katt c 3,2g Cu th th tch kh thot ra ant l
A : 0, 56 lt
B : 0, 84 lt
C : 0, 672 lt
D : 0,448 lit
Bi 21: in phn dd cha 0,2 mol FeSO4 v 0,06mol HCl vi dng in 1,34 A
trong 2 gi (in cc tr, c mng ngn). B qua s ho tan ca clo trong nc v
coi hiu sut in phn l 100%. Khi lng kim loi thot ra katot v th tch
kh thot ra anot (ktc) ln lt l:
A. 1,12 g Fe v 0, 896 lit hn hp kh Cl2 B. 1,12 g Fe v 1, 12 lit hn hp kh Cl2
, O2.
v O2.
C. 11,2 g Fe v 1, 12 lit hn hp kh Cl2 D. 1,12 g Fe v 8, 96 lit hn hp kh Cl2
v O2.
v O
Bi 22:
Dung dch cha ng thi 0,01 mol NaCl; 0,02 mol CuCl2; 0,01 mol
FeCl3; 0,06 mol CaCl2. Kim loi u tin thot ra catot khi in phn dung dch
trn l :
A. Fe
B. Zn
C. Cu
D. Ca
Bi 23: in phn vi in cc tr dung dch mui clorua ca kim loi ho tr
(II) vi cng dng in 3A. Sau 1930 giy, thy khi lng catot tng1,92 gam.
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 62 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
Kim loi trong mui clorua trn l kim loi no di y (cho Fe = 56, Ni = 59, Cu =
64, Zn = 65)
A. Ni
B. Zn
C. Cu
D. Fe
Bi 24: in phn dng in cc tr dung dch mui sunfat kim loi ho tr II
vi cng dng in 3A. Sau 1930 giy thy khi lng catot tng 1,92 gam,
Cho bit tn kim loi trong mui sunfat (cho Fe = 56, Ni = 59, Cu = 64, Zn = 65)
A. Fe
B. Ca
C. Cu
D. Mg
(coi th tch dung dch khi in phn l khng i, khi c mt NaCl th dng
thm mng ngn)
Bi 25: Tin hnh in phn hon ton dung dch X cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2
thu c 56 gam hn hp kim loi catot v 4,48 lt kh anot (ktc). S mol
AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 trong X ln lt l (cho Ag = 108, Cu = 64)
A. 0,2 v 0,3
B. 0,3 v 0,4
C. 0,4 v 0,2
D. 0,4 v 0,2
Bi 26: in phn 100ml dung dch A cha ng thi HCl 0,1M v NaCl 0,2 M vi
in cc tr c mng ngn xp ti khi anot thot ra 0,224 lt kh (ktc) th
ngng in phn. Dung dch sau khi in phn c pH (coi th tch dung dch
thay i khng ng k) l
A. 6
B. 7
C. 12
D. 13
Bi 27: in phn n ht 0,1 mol Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch vi in cc tr,
th sau in phn khi lng dung dch gim bao nhiu gam ? ( cho Cu = 64;
O = 16)
A. 1,6 gam
B. 6,4 gam
C. 8,0 gam
D. 18,8 gam
Bi 28: Khi in phn 25,98 gam iotua ca mt kim loi X nng chy, th thu
c 12,69 gam iot. Cho bit cng thc mui iotua
A. KI
B. CaI2
C. NaI
D. CsI
Bi 29:in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c
0,32 gam Cu catot v mt lng kh X anot. Hp th hon ton lng kh X trn
vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng). Sau phn ng, nng NaOH
cn li l 0,05M (gi thit th tch dung dch khng thay i). Nng ban
u ca dung dch NaOH l (cho Cu = 64)
A. 0,15M
B. 0,2M
C. 0,1M
D. 0,05M
Bi 20: Ho tan 40 gam mui CdSO4 b m vo nc. in phn ht caimi
trong dung dch cn dng dng in 2,144A v thi gian 4 gi. Phn trm
nc cha trong mui l
A. 18,4%
B. 16,8%
C. 18,6%
D. 16%
Bi 31: in phn 300ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2M vi cng dng in l
3,86A. Khi lng kim loi thu c catot sau khi in phn 20 pht l (cho Cu =
64; S = 32; O = 16)
A. 1,28 gam
B.1,536 gam
C. 1,92 gam
D. 3,84 gam
Bi 32: in phn dung dch MSO4 khi anot thu c 0,672 lt kh (ktc) th
thy khi lng catot tng 3,84 gam. Kim loi M l (cho Cu = 64; Fe = 56; Ni = 59;
Zn = 65)
A. Cu
B. Fe
C. Ni
D. Zn
Bi 33: in phn nng chy mui clorua ca kim loi M, anot thu c 1,568
lt kh (ktc), khi lng kim loi thu c catot l 2,8 gam. Kim loi M l
A. Mg
B. Na
C. K
D. Ca
Bi 34: C 200ml dung dch hn hp Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. in phn ht ion
kim loi trong dung dch cn dng dng in 0,402A, thi gian 4 gi, trn catot
thot ra 3,44 gam kim loi. Nng mol/lit ca Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 l
A. 0,1 v 0,2
B. 0,01 v 0,1
C. 0,1 v 0,01
D. 0,1 v 0,1
Bi 35: Tin hnh in phn (c mng ngn xp) 500 ml dung dch cha hn
hp HCl 0,02M v NaCl 0,2M. Sau khi anot bay ra 0,448 lt kh ( ktc) th
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 63 -
CC DNG TON HA V C
H ni 2009
Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625
ngng in phn. Cn bao nhiu ml dung dch HNO3 0,1M trung ho dung
dch thu c sau in phn
A. 200 ml
B. 300 ml
C. 250 ml
D. 400 ml
Bi 36: Ho tan 1,28 gam CuSO4 vo nc ri em in phn ti hon ton, sau
mt thi gian thu c 800 ml dung dch c pH = 2. Hiu sut phn ng in
phn l
A. 62,5%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 80%
Bi 37: Ho tan 5 gam mui ngm nc CuSO4.nH2O ri em in phn ti hon
ton, thu c dung dch A. Trung ho dung dch A cn dung dch cha 1,6 gam
NaOH. Gi tr ca n l
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 8
Bi 38: in phn dung dch mt mui nitrat kim loi vi hiu sut dng in l
100%, cng dng in khng i l 7,72A trong thi gian 9 pht 22,5 giy.
Sau khi kt thc khi lng catot tng ln 4,86 gam do kim loi bm vo. Kim loi
l
A. Cu
B. Ag
C. Hg
D. Pb
Bi 39: Tin hnh in phn (c mng ngn xp) dung dch X cha hn hp
gm 0,02 mol HCl v 0,05 mol NaCl vi Cng dng in l 1,93A trong thi
gian 3000 giy, thu c dung dch Y. Nu cho qu tm vo X v Y th thy (cho
H = 1; Cl = 35,5)
A. X lm qu tm, Y lm xanh qu tm.
B. X lm qu tm, Y lm qu tm.
C. X l qu tm, Y khng i mu qu tm.
D. X khng i mu qu tm, Y lm xanh qu tm.
Blog : Onthihoa.tk
- 64 -

Voco

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Voco

Uploaded by

Copyright:

H ni 2009

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

PHNG PHP BO TON NGUYN T

Khi lng mui

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

(Bo ton nguyn t Fe )

(Bo ton nguyn t Cu )

0,24 + a = 0,18 + 2a a = 0,06 mol

Cu 6 :Cho kh CO i qua ng s cha 16 gam Fe2O3 un nng sau phn ng thu c hn hp rn X

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

Ngoi ra ta c th vit lun hai phn ng :

CO2 + KOH KHCO3

CO2 + 2KOH K2CO3

Xt t s mol : k = n KOH / n CO2

CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O

2CO2 + Ca(OH)2 Ca(HCO 3)2

Xt t s mol : k = n CO2 / n Ca(OH)2

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

Cu 2 :Cho 8 lt hn hp kh CO v CO2 trong CO2 chim 39,2 % i qua dung dch c

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

Cu 9. Cho ton 0,448 lt kh CO2 (ktc) hp th hon ton bi 200 ml dung

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

Cu 12 : Mt bnh cha 15 lt dd Ba(OH)2 0,01M. Sc vo dd V lt

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

Trng hp 2 : C c 2 phn ng : Vit tm tt li

Cu 13 : t chy hon ton cht hu c X cn 6,72 lt kh O2 ktc , cho ton b sn phm

CO2 + Ba(OH)2 BaCO3 + Ba(HCO3)2 + H2O

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH0,1

n OH- = 0,05 + 0,2 = 0,25 mol

PHNG PHP QUY I

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

n HCl = 0,08 mol V HCl = 0,08/1 = 0,08 lt

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

PHNG PHP GII TON ION

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

Phng trnh ion :

( Phn ng AXT BAZ TRUNG HO )

( Phn ng Axt Bazo TRUNG HO )

( Phn ng AXT BAZ TRUNG HO )

( Phn ng AXT BAZ TRUNG HO )

3.Ho tan hn hp kim loi gm Na , Ba vo dung dch gm NaCl , Na2SO4

4.Ho tan hn hp kim loi gm Na, Ba vo dung dch gm HCl , H2SO4

Ngc Quang su tp v gii

Lin h :in thoi : 0989.850.625

5.Ho tan hn hp kim loi gm Na , Ba vo dung dch cha (NH4)NO3

6.Ho tan hn hp kim loi gm K , Ca vo dung dch cha (NH4)2CO3

7.Ho tan hn hp K , Ca vo dung dch hn hp cha NH4HCO3

8.Ho tan K , Na, Al vo nc

9.Ho tan hn hp gm Al , Fe vo dung dch hn hp gm HCl , H2SO4 .