ASurveyonVietnamsolidwaste managementandprivatesector d i p participation p

MSc.Ho Quang Tao Sen Consultingltd. Dr.LeHungAnh HCMCIndustryUniversity g y y Dr.HoChiAnh ThuDau MotUniversity Dr.VuHoangHoa,MSc.NgoVanTuan HanoiWaterResourcesUniversity

Scopeofwork
Task1 Reviewpublishedliteratureandotheravailablemarket data Task2 Investigatestatusofpreviousintegratedsolidwaste Task 2 Investigate status of previous integrated solid waste managementefforts Task3 Consultwithlocalstakeholderstounderstandpractical Task 3 Consult with local stakeholders to understand practical issuesandconcerns Task4 DevelopscopingreportforVietnamwastemanagement program

Researchmethodology
BaselineData Reviewofprevious efforts Collectiondata,documentsonSWMinVN,

Reviewthestatusreportsofpreviouseffortof Review the status reports of previous effort of WorldBanks,DANIDA,CIDA,ENDAVietnam ContactingthestakeholderandOrganized interviewsessionswithlocalStakeholders Identifyareasofinterventionandproposal of Identify areas of intervention and proposal of interventionprograms

Interviews

Analysis recommendation d ti

StatusofWastegeneration Status of Waste generation

Medical waste Industrial d i l 1% waste 17% Wastefrom craft villages 4%

Municipal waste 46% Agriculture waste 32%

Municipalwastegeneration Municipal waste generation

8000

tons/ 7000 / day 6000

5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0
Redriver Northeast Northwest delta North central South central coast Highlands Southeast g Mekong g delta

Agriculturewaste
Biomass Regional Total Rice husk Mekong Delta North central Delta South central coast Total T t l Central of Vietnam Sawdust Highlands Northwest Coffee Highlands Volume 6.80 million tons 3.70 million tons 0.76 million tons 0.68 million tons 5.80 illi t 5 80 million tons 1.15 million tons 2.50 2 50 million tons 0.055-0.06 million tons 0.30-0.50 million tons

Industrialwaste
13,100tons/day 13 100 /d
9% 4% 23% Northernmountainsand midlands Redriverdeltaand Northernkeyeconomic y regions Centralcoastandventral keyeconomicregions Highlands 46% 14% 4% Southeastandsouthkey economicregions

HazardousWaste Hazardous Waste

8% 1% 480,000tonsperyear

24% 47%

Lightindustry Metallurgy Chemicals Foodprocessing Electronic Electronic

20%

HealthcareWaste Healthcare Waste

1% 19%

490tons/day

Normalwaste Infectiouswaste I f i Chemicalwaste 81%

StatusofWasteManagement Status of Waste Management

Focusedonthefollowingsteps: Collection and transportation Collectionandtransportation WastetreatmentandDisposal R Recyclingandcomposting li d i

Wastecollectionandtransportation Waste collection and transportation

Highcollectionrateinurbanareas:95% High collection rate in urban areas : 95 % Lowcollectionrateinruralareas:35 40% Thecollectionrateofhazardouswaste:75% h ll i fh d % Strongparticipationofprivatesector Lowcollectionfee Budgetsubsidizationfromthegovernment Budget subsidization from the government

Wastetreatmentanddisposal Waste treatment and disposal

Landfilling isstillthemostpopularmethodofdisposal About85%ofurbancommunesareusingunsanitary landfillsforwastedisposal The city will soon have to increase the receiving Thecitywillsoonhavetoincreasethereceiving Capacityofsolidwastetreatmentfacilitiesnearlymeet thereceivinglimit. Openburningatlandfillsitesarecommonlypracticein fewcities Most of the urban environment companies (URENCO) Mostoftheurbanenvironmentcompanies(URENCO) havelittleornocapacityforindustrialandhazardous wastetreatment

Recyclingandcomposting Recycling and composting

High rate of recovery and recycling in Vietnam HighrateofrecoveryandrecyclinginVietnam Recyclingisdonemainlybytheinformal privatesector private sector ThecompositionofwasteinVietnammakes compostingpotentiallyattractive i i ll i Barrierstocompostmarketarefarmerhabits infertilizersuseandsloweffectofcomposton cropproduction

StakeholderconcerninSWM Stakeholder concern in SWM

Government URENCO/CITENCO Private sector pp g Financial -Current treatment fee is not -URENCO received annual fixed - Difficulties in approaching attractive to the foreign fee from state budget for the capital/credit sources investment collecting and treating the waste - Difficulties in fee but the fee is lower than what the -Lack of financial resources collection for waste provinces or cities pay f the i ii for h for waste management issue services in rural areas. private companies. in rural area -Looking for investment funds for -Difficulties in collection of Difficulties new technology i h l investment such h environment protection as recycling or waste to energy. charge from the SMEs -Limited budget for rural waste -Need Need to renew the collection regulation for waste management violation, the -Competition from other private fines level are low companies

StakeholderconcernsinSWM
Social Government -Low public awareness on waste separation at source. -uncontrolled informal uncontrolled collector and recycling waste URENCO/CITENCO Private sector -Low awareness of local farmer on the benefits of using compost -Low values of recyclables remaining in the waste after the collection of the informal waste scavenger and recycler. -Informal waste collector and recycler buy most of the y y recycling waste.

-Low environmental protection awareness b residents i craft by id t in ft villages. -Some domestic hazardous waste such as used fl h d fluorescent li ht t light tube, batteries etc. are currently mixed in the domestic waste. Technical/

-Lack of advanced Production treatment technology. input -No guidance for provinces and -Unable to cover industrial -Low quality of MSW as input g p q y p cities regarding the treatment fee waste market materials for compost plant for each type of technologies

-Lack of compost market strategy. gy waste -Lacking of modern -Lacking of modern recycling recycling technologies technologies

StakeholderconcernsinSWM Stakeholder concerns in SWM

Government Government -Poor implementation support government policy on SWM of URENCO/CI TENCO Private sector -Application process for hazardous waste treatment license normally takes long time. -Lack supports of the local authority in compensation and site clearance for investment projects in the cities -C Complaints f l i from surrounding residents di id on environment

Environment -Most of the l dfill i rural areas i f h landfills in l do not meet the sanitary standard -Public practice of mixing hazardous waste with domestic waste causing bad effect in aspect of health and environment -Majority of HW incinerators emission do not meet the required air emission standards

Privatesectorparticipation Private sector participation

Privatesectorparticipationinwastecollection andtreatment and treatment Privatesectorparticipationinwasterecycling inHoChiMinhCity in Ho Chi Minh City WasterecyclinginthecraftvillagesinVietnam

Areasofintervention Areas of intervention

Thecompostmarket Solidwastemanagementinruralareasand craftvillages Lackofadepositrefundsystemforrecyclables (PETcontainer)

Proposedprograms Proposed programs

No Program Compostmarket improvement Purpose l l k () Improvinglocalcompostmarket(s)and helptheselectedcompostplant(s)to improveproductqualityandincrease revenues. revenues Improvingthelivingconditionand environmentofthetargetarea(s)and enhancethepublicprivateparticipation. 1

Asustainablesolidwaste managementforcraft village(s)andruralarea(s). Advisoryprogramfora depositrefundsystemfor PETbottlerecycling y g

Setupanewmechanismandpolicyfor specificwasterecycling.

Thankyouforyourattention! Thank you for your attention !