Control of odorous compounds using E-beam

Jo-Chun Kim Youn-Suk Son, Jo Chun Kim, Youn Suk Son In-Won Kim

Konkuk University

Background
Burner

Conventional control techniques q

Carbon Adsorption Absorption Thermal Oxidation
RTO (Regenerative Thermal Oxidation)

Heat Exchanger Fan

Reactor

Catalytic Oxidation
RCO (Regenerative Catalytic Oxidation)

Exhaust

Biological Treatment

Novel techniques
Nonthermal Plasma Photocatalyst / UV Electron Beam Hybrid Processes (Electron Beam / Plasma + Catalyst) 2

E-beam Technique
H.V. Terminal Electron Gun

Scanner

Accelerating tube

Electron beam Screen

Ti foil

Irradiated material CRT monitor Electron Accelerator 3

E-beam Technique
Electron Beam Accelerator El B A l
ELV-4 Type

Specification Items
Energy Accelerator power Maximum Beam current Extraction window dimension Conveyor velocity

Specification
1.0 MeV 40 kW 40 mA 980 mm 75 mm 0 ~ 40 m/min 4

E-beam Technique
Main reaction : Radiational reaction by radicals Sub reaction : Direct collision of electrons onto target compounds

Reactive chemical species

Radicals to participate in the reaction

OH, H, O, N, HO2 Radical, Ion,

Ozone

O2 O O2+, O2-, O3 , e O, N2 N, N2+, N*, e H2O H + OH H + O2 HO+ Target compound 2 OH

-

Electron beam

Aerosols + Gaseous compounds

5

Research objectives
To review EB studies on VOCs and Odor compounds To compare Aliphatic VOCs decomposition with Aromatic VOCs using EB system To compare EB with EB-hybrid ( + Catalyst or Scrubber) system t

Removal efficiencies of Aromatic VOC (B (Benzene) )

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 C/C0 C 0.5 05 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Absorbeddose(kGy) Ab b d d (kG ) 160ppmC 650ppmC 900ppmC

Removal efficiencies of of Aromatic VOC (T l (Toluene) )

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 C C/C0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Absorbeddose(kGy) Absorbed dose (kGy) 150ppmC 650ppmC 900ppmC

Removal efficiencies of Aromatic VOC (Styrene) (St )

1.0 0.8 C/C0 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0 2.5 5 Absorbed Dose (kGy) 7.5 10

50ppmv 0

100ppmv 100

200ppmv 200

Removal efficiencies of Ammonia

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 C C/C0 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 02 0.1 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Absorbeddose(kGy) 50ppm 80ppm 150ppm

10

Removal efficiencies of TMA

1.0

0.8 C/Co

0.6

0.4 04

0.2

0.0 0 2.5 5 Absorbed Dose (kGy)

50 ppmv 100 ppmv 200 ppmv

7.5

10

Removal efficiencies of Odorous Sulfur Compounds

H2S (Air)

MM (Air)

DMS (Air)

DMDS (Air)

Comparison of removal efficiencies for th f other odorous compounds d d

100 90 80 R Removal efficiency (%) 70 60 50 40 R Removal efficiency (%) 30 20 10 0 0 2 100 90 80 70 60 50 TMA Ammonia MM DMDS o-Xylene Toluene 8 Styrene H2S DMS Butylacetate Ethylbenzene
Initial concentration : 50ppm

40 4 6 Absorbed30 (kGy) dose

10

20 Source: , 2007; , 2008; , 2010; , 2009, This study 10 0 TMA Styrene Ammonia H2S MM DMS DMDS

Odorous compounds

Removal efficiencies of Aliphatic hydrocarbon (M th h d b (Methane) )

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 C/C0 0.5 270ppmC 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 10 20 30 Absorbeddose(kGy) 40 50 60 800ppmC 10,000ppmC

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EBEB-hybrid Technique
VOC Decomposition by EB p y
Acceleration of Electron eOH , N , H , HO2 , O radicals Irradiation of Electron VOC Removal by Radical Reaction R di l R ti VOC CO2 , O3 , By-products N2, O2, H2O, etc.

Oxidation by Catalyst
Catalyst C t l t Activation of Catalyst & Oxidation of by-Products eradical O3

Surface Activation Surface Reforming Oxidation of by-products & VOC

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EBEB-hybrid Technique
Active Oxygen Species Increasing Activation Sites Decreaed Activation Energy

Ozone

E-Beam Irradiation

Radicals

Catalyst C l

Electrons El
Oxidation of odor compounds on Catalyst Surface Activation of Catalyst Prolongation of Durability 16

EBEB-hybrid Technique
450

Tempera ature

HCHO

Lower M.W. VOC

Higher M.W. VOC C10H22

E-Beam Irradiation
Extensive M.W. VOC

Catalytic Oxidation
EBeam-Catalyst Coupling System

1
Acetaldehyde

2
Acetylene

3
Acrolein

4
Acrylonitrile

5
Benzene

6
1,3-Butadiene

7
Butane

8
1-Butene, 2-Butene

9
Chloroform

10
Cyclohexane

11
Diethylamine

12
Dimethylamine

13
Ethylene

14
n-Hexane

15
Isopropyl Alcohol

16
Methanol

17
Methyl Ethyl Ketone

18
Propylene

19
Propylene Oxide

20
1,1,1 1 1 1Trichloroethane

21
Trichloroethylene

22
Acetic Acid

23
Ethylbenzene

24
Nitrobenzene

25
Toluene

26
Xylene

27
Styrene

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Effect of the coupling (EB+Cat.) (EB+Cat ) EB+Cat.)

CH3 CH3 CH2

Toluene

Ethylbenzene

Toluene removal by coupling system with various Pt, Pd, and M l di ith i Pt Pd d Mn loading

Toluene, 1500ppmC, 15L/min

Effects of support material in a coupling system with Pt (0.1 wt.%) li t ith (0 1 t %)

Toluene, 1500ppmC, 15L/min

Effects of support material in a coupling system with Pd (0.1 wt.%) li t ith (0 1 t %)

Toluene, 1500ppmC, 15L/min

Water vapor effects on toluene removal i coupling system l in li t

5kGy

8.7kGy

Pt(0.1wt.%)/ Zeolite, Toluene, 1500ppmC, 15L/min

Toluene removal by pilot-coupling pilotsystem t

Pt(0.1wt.%)/ Zeolite, Toluene, 1500ppmC, 130m3/hr

o-Xylene removal by pilot-coupling pilotsystem t

Pt(0.1wt.%)/ Zeolite, o-Xylene, 1500ppmC, 130m3/hr

PilotPilot-scale EB-hybrid (Scrubber) system EB- y ( ) y

Stage 2
Reactor

CFS system(Cross flow scrubber) Gas flow Sampling port

Stage 3

Stage 4
Ozone advanced treatment reactor

Stage 1 g

Odor generation reactor (sludge)

Flow control system

Aeration tank

Sulfur compound removal efficiencies using an EB-hybrid (Scrubber) system EB-

H 2S

MM

DMS

DMDS

Control of by-products using EB-hybrid EB(Scrubber) system

Variation of aerosol concentrations

Removal efficiencies of by product by-product using CF scrubber

Conclusions
In general, Aromatic VOCs are easier to decompose than Aliphatic VOCs. EB-hybrid system is more applicable to industrial field than EB-only. Decrease of undesirable b D f d i bl by-products d t (NO2, aerosol, CO, etc.) with EB-hybrid system has been found. More studies are needed.

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