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JohnWallace,PhD,PE,FACI Professor,Structural/EarthquakeEngineering P f St t l/E th k E i i CivilEngineering,UCLA

UCLA April1,2010

Talca (APPhoto)

Santiago(APPHOTO/CarlosEspinoza)

Concepcion (APPhoto)

Pelluhue(APPhoto)

Background
Seismicity 1985Earthquake GroundMotions BuildingCodes

OHiggins241

BuildingCodesandTrends g BuildingPerformance Instrumentation PreliminaryObservations


ShearWallSystems Shear Wall Systems ConfigurationIssues
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RingofFire

Pofessor RodolfoSaragoni,UniversidaddeChile

ProfessorRodolfoSaragoni,UniversidaddeChile

JuandeFucaPlate Juan de Fuca Plate

South American Plate NazcaPlate Pl

9 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Cascadia_subduction_zone_USGS.png

ProfessorRodolfoSaragoni,UniversidaddeChile

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M s = Surface Wave Magnitude M w = Moment Magnitude M 0 = Seismic Moment E = Energy released

2 M w = log10 M 0 10.7 3 M 0 = AD Shear modulus, Area, Displacement


1.5( 1.5(8.8 7.0) E = 101 5( M1 M 2 ) = 101 5(8 87 0) = 500

11 ProfessorRodolfoSaragoni,UniversidaddeChile

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ProfessorRodolfoSaragoni,UniversidaddeChile

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USGSWebbasedtools: March31(local) Aftershocks M=5.0 M=5 0 M=5.2 M 5.4 M=5.4 M=5.5 M=6.0 March11:M=6.9 March16:M=6.7 M h 16 M 6 7
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HospitalinSantiagoR.Boroschek,UniversidaddeChile

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Tcr = N/14 [1985 Earthquake] =N/14[1985Earthquake] 15stories 30stories

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Tcr = N/14 [1985 Earthquake] =N/14[1985Earthquake] 15stories 30stories

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Tcr = N/14 [1985 Earthquake] =N/14[1985Earthquake] 15stories 30stories

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Wallstake50%

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IA0 Sa = * R

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BasedonACI31895withimportantexceptions Chapter21 Section21.6.6 Chapter 21 Section 21 6 6


SpecialBoundaryElements Transversereinforcementatwallboundaryto Transverse reinforcement at wall boundary to confinetheconcreteandrestrainrebarbuckingis notrequiredbasedonthegoodperformanceof wallbuildingsinVia d l M i th 1985 ll b ildi i Vi delMarinthe1985 earthquake.

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EERIMeetings
Planning:Sunday,March14 Exit:Saturday,March20

Cooperation
UniversidaddeChile PontificiaUniversidadCatlicadeChile UniversidadTcnica FedericoSantaMaria

Interestingmeetings/contacts Interesting meetings/contacts


MinisterofPublicWorks BishopSantiagoOlivera HomeOwners Home Owners

StudentAssistants
Claudio,JuanPablo[Catlica] Arturo[SantaMaria] [ ]

Concrete buildings focus


Santiago:March1314 Santiago: March 13 14 Via delMar:March1516 Concepcin:March1718 Santiago:March1920

New York Times

Hilo,Hawaii(35ftrunup;61deaths) Wavesof8mand10mimpactedChile Japan(185deaths) Japan (185 deaths)

Valdivia,Chile Valdivia, Chile

Valparaiso, UNESCOHeritageCity

Via delMarS20W Vi d l M S20W ElCentroNS1940

1965

1988

2010Photos

1 Level 1Level

1st story 4526mm

1985rehab

1LevelParking 1 Le el Parking

Panel EastFace

Original i i l Wall

l Original Wall

Panel l WestFace

Dowel 1st Levelcorridorwalls@Axis9

Damageobservedonall threecorridorwallcoupling beamsfrom3 to9 story beams from 3rd to 9th story [didnotgohigher]

10cmthickelevatorcore wallwithsinglelayerof reinforcement Damageat reinforcement Damage at 3rd level

Highcompression/shear Failurejustabovesplice

Ratio f R ti of wall to fl ll t floor area


Wall area / Floor area in one floor r

Year
"Edificios Chilenos de Hormign Armado," ICH Instituto del Cemento y del Hormign de Chile, 2002

Increasing building fl ibilit I i b ildi flexibility


Building height / period (m/sec) t

Building data after Guendelman, et al., 1997. Damage rating after Moroni, EERI World Housing Encyclopedia

Increa asing dam mage

How did buildings perform? H b ildi f ?


Considering only buildings between 1985 to 2009 Buildings that collapsed: Buildings to be demolished: g Number of buildings 3 + story Number of buildings 9 + story Failures 3 + story buildings: Failures 9 + story buildings: 4 (app.) 50 (estimate) ( ) 9.974 1.939 0.5% 2.8%

Santiago

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21

25

40

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21,25

40

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Santiago

Santiago

Santiago

Santiago

Santiago

Antigona Via delMar

Toledo Via delMar Macul Santiago

CentroMayor Concepcin

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Impactoflowerwallareatofloorarearatios
1985(6% 1985(6% 3%ineachdirection;Festival) 2010(2% 1%ineachdirection)

f c' = 4000 psi

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Caupolican 518 LosCarrera Los Carrera 1535 Salas1535,TorreA O Higgins241 OHiggins 241 Lincoyan 440 Freire F i 1165 Rozas 1145 PadreHurtado 776 Bosquemar Olas
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8+buildings

Coronel 2buildings g

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Concepcion (AP Photo)

Collapsed building in Concepcion p g p


(postulated conditions)

Tower under construction

discontinuous at 1st level

Section A

B
typical unit solid

parking

openings s

Plan

Section B

Concepcion

Concepcion

Concepcion

Mat foundation rotation

Diaphragm

BosqueMar Coronel 23stories

Corridorslabcoupling/punching

Firststorywall y
CAPBeam

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Lightlydamaged12story g y g y Capbeam 23rd Story

Matfoundationrotation

Via 1985EarthquakeRepairs p y [ ] Minorrepairsnotverysuccessful[Festival] Majorrepairsfairedbetter[Hanga Roa] Via MoredamageforNorthSouthdirection ShearWalls h ll LowerAw/Af ratiosandthinwalls Parkinglevel(1)wallsectionreductions Parking level ( 1) wall section reductions HighAxialload crushingfailures ShearWallBoundaryElements&Splices Shear Wall Boundary Elements & Splices ACI3189521.6.6 RequiredTransversesteel
Concretespalling bucklingandfracture Poorspliceperformance boundaryandweb verticalbars

Couplingbeams Extensivedamageoverentirebuildingheight Extensive damage over entire building height Capbeams Extensivedamageinseveralbuildings Extensive damage in several buildings Corridorslabs Largerotationdemandscouplingwalls g p g Damageatslabwallinterface(punching) Matfoundationrotation Twotallbuildings ConcepcinandCoronel SystemIrregularities Vertical(diaphragm)andhorizontal(torsion) Vertical (diaphragm)and horizontal (torsion)

Prof.RodolfoSaragoni,UdeChile[UCLAPhD] Prof.LeonardoMassone,UdeChile[UCLAPhD] Prof Leonardo Massone U de Chile [UCLA PhD] Prof.JuanCarlosdelaLlera,UCatlica deChile Prof.RafaelRiddell,UCatlica deChile Prof Rafael Riddell U Catlica de Chile Prof.PatricioBonelli,UTcnica SantaMaria Prof.JackMoehle,UCBerkeley,EERITeamLeader P f J k M hl UC B k l EERI T L d AlvaroCelestino,Degenkolb LosAngeles,EERI ClaudioFrings,JuanPabloHerranz,Benjamin Westenenk,JuanJoseBesa,UdeCatlica ArturoMilln,UTcnica SantaMaria
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