GV: H Th Thanh Lung

CHNG I: IN TCH IN TRNG

A. KIN THC CN NH.
I. nh Lut Culng
Lc ht hay y gia hai in tch im ng yn trong chn khng c phng trng vi ng thng ni hai
in tch im; c cng t l thun vi tch ln ca 2 in tch v t l nghch vi bnh phng khong
qq
cch gia chng.
F = k. 1 2 2
r
F21

q1

q2

F12

q1

F21

Trong :
+ F (= F12 = F21): lc tng tc gia hai in tch (N).
+ k = 9.109 (Nm2/C2): h s t l.
+ q1; q2: in tch th nht v th hai (C).
+ r: l khong cch gia hai in tch.

F12
q2

* lc tc dng gia cc in tch t trong mi trng in mi c hng s in mi . F= k .

q1q2
.r 2

Ch :
* Nu mt in tch chu tc dng ca nhiu lc t nhiu in tch khc th hp lc tc dng ln in tch tun
theo quy tc cng vc t. F = F1 + F2 + ...
* Kin thc vc t: Gi vc t c l tng ca hai vc t a v b th c = a + b lc :
- nu a b th c = a+ b
- nu a b th c = a- b
- Nu a b th c2 = a2 + b2
- Nu a, b hp nhau gc th c2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab cos
II. in Trng- Cng in trng
F
E=
1. Cng in trng:
q
F
hay F = q E
q
* Vc t cng in trng E ca mt in tch im Q ti mt im (A) cch in tch Q mt
khong r c xc nh nh sau:
iem
at
: Taiiem
xet
(A).
A

E
thang
noi
Q va
iem
xet
Q
- Phng: lang
E - Chieu
: Hng
raxaQ neu
Q > 0 va
vao
Q neu
Q < 0.
A

E
Q
Q
- oln
:E = k 2
r

2. Vc t cng in trng: E =

3.Cng in trng tng hp E do nhiu in tch gy ra ti mt im bng tng cc vc t cng

in trng do tng in tch ring bit gy ra.
E = E1 + E2 + .... + En
4. Lc tc dng ln in tch q t trong in trng E l: F = q.E
- Nu q>0: F v E cng phng cng chiu.
- Nu q<0: F v E cng phng ngc chiu.
III. Cng Ca Lc in Trng
1. Cng ca lc in:
1

GV: H Th Thanh Lung

A = Fscos =qEd
(q in tch di chuyn trong in trng u E ta xt;
d l hnh chiu ca ng i theo hng ng sc)
2. Th nng ca mt in tch im q ti im M trong in trng:
WM = AM = VM.q
3. Cng ca lc in v gim th nng ca in tch trong in trng: AMN = WM - WN
IV. in Th Hiu in Th
AM
1. in th:
VM =
q
2. Hiu in th gia hai im (M,N): UMN=VM VN =
VM ,VN : in th ti im M, N
(V)
UMN : Hiu in th gia M v N.
(V)
AMN : Cng dch chuyn in tch q t M n N
(J)
3. Lin h gia hiu in th v cng in trng trong trng hp in trng u:
U=Ed
d: Khong cch gia hai im (theo phng ng sc)
V. T in
q
1. in dung ca t in (bt k) :
C=
U
S: die
n tch o
i die
n gi
a hai ba
n (m2 )
S
v
i
+ Cng thc tnh in dung ca t in phng : Q =
36 .109 d
ng ca
ch gi
a hai ba
n (m)
d : khoa
Vi: Q l in tch ca t in khi hiu in th gia 2 bn t l U. (C ; V)
C: in dung ca t in
(F)
6
9
12
1 F = 10 F , 1nF = 10 F , 1 pF = 10 F
2. Ghp t in
+ Ghp ni tip
+ Ghp ni tip
- UB = U1 + U2 + ... + Un
Ub = U1 = U2 =... = Un
Qb = Q1 = Q2 = ... = Qb
Qb = Q1 + Q2 +... + Qb
1
1 1
1
=
+
+ ... +
C b C1 C 2
Cn
C = C + C +... + C
-

iu kin : Cb < C1,C2

- Ghp n t C0 ging nhau ni tip : C b =

3. Nng lng ca t in :

iu kin : Cb > C1,C2

C0
n

Song song : C b = nC 0
W=CU2=QU=

B. BI TP VN DNG.

* Dng 1: nh Lut Culng

Bi 1: Hai qu cu nh c in tch 10-7C v -10-6C t trong du c =2 th tc dng vi nhau 1 lc 0,9 N. Tnh
khong cch gia chng?
Bi 2: hai in tch im bng nhau t trong khng kh cch nhau on r1 = 2cm th lc y gia chng l
F1=1,6.10-4N.
a. tm ln ca cc in tch ?
b. Khong cch r2 gia chng phi bng bao nhiu lc tc dng l F2 = 2,5.10-4N.
c. Nu 2 in tch trn vn cch nhau on r2, sau nhng chng vo trong du ha c =2 th lc tc dng
gia chng l bao nhiu?
Bi 3: Xc nh lc tng tc in gia hai in tch q1= -q2= 3.10-6C cch nhau khong r=3cm trong trng
hp chng t trong du ha c hng s in mi l 2.
Bi 4: Hai qu cu nh ging nhau bng kim loi A v B c in tch ln lt q 1=8.10-8C v q2=-1,2.10-7C t
cach nhau mt khong 3cm.
2

GV: H Th Thanh Lung

a. Xc nh lc tng tc Culng gia hai qu cu.
b. Cho hai qu cu tip xc vi nhau ri t v ch c. Xc nh lc tng tc gia hai qu cu khi .
Bi 5: Hai qu cu nh ging nhau bng kim loi q1=2,5.10-7C v q2=-6,5.10-7C t cach nhau mt khong r
trong khng kh th y nhau bng lc F. cho hai qu cu y tip xc nhau ri t cch nhau cng mt khong r
trong mt cht in mi th lc y gia chng l F = F/7,5
a. Xc nh hng s in mi
b. Cho bit F = 4,5.10-4N . Tnh r?
Bi 6: hai qu cu nh mang in tch c ln bng nhau, t cch nhau 10cm trong khng kh th tc dng ln
nhau mt lc 9.10-3N. Hy xc nh in tc ca hai qu cu .
Bi 7: Cho 3 in tch im q1 = 4 C, q2 = 16 C v q3 = -64 C ln lt t ti ba im A, B, C thng hng
trong chn khng. AB = 20cm, BC = 60cm. Tnh lc in tng hp tc dng ln in tch q1?
Bi 8: Hai qu cu nh mang in tch q1 = 2.10-7C v q2 t cch nhau mt khong r = 3cm trong cht in mi
c hng s in mi bng 2. Hai lc tc dng ln qu cu ny c ln bng 0,8N hng vo nhau. Tnh q2?
Bi 9: C hai in tch q= q = 10-6C . t ti hai im A v B cch nhau AB = 20cm. Mt in tch q1= q t ti
trung im C ca AB cch AB. Hy xc nh lc tc dng ln q1.
Bi 10: Hai in tch im q1=16.10-6C ; q2= -64.10-6C t ti hai im A v B trong chn khng cch nhau
AB=1m. Xc nh lc do q1 v q2 tc dng ln in tch q=4.10-6C t ti C vi:
a) CA=60cm ;CB=40cm.
S: 16N
b) CA=60cm ; CB=80cm
S: 3,94N
c) CA=CB=AB
S: 2,1N
d) CA=CB=60cm
S: 7,18N
Bi 11: Tm lc tc dng ln in tch q do cc in tch bng nhau, t trong khng kh c ln |q|= 8.10-8 C
trong cc trng hp sau:
q1

q2
B

q1

q2
B

MA=MB ; AB=10cm

CA=4cm ; CB=14cm

(a)

(b)

q
q2

q1
A

CA=CB=AB=5cm
(e)
q

q1
A

q3

q1
A

q2

B
AB=BC=CD=DA=10cm
(h)

q1
A

q1

CA=4cm ; CB=6cm

C
q3
q2

B
AB=BC=CD=DA=10cm
(i)

q
q2

A
B
CA=CB=AB=5cm;
OA=OB=OC
(f)
q4

q1
A

CA=4cm ; CB=14cm

q3

q
q1

q2

(d)

q2

q
q2

(c)

CA=CB=AB=5cm
(e)

q1

C
q

q3
q2

B
AB=BC=CD=DA=10cm
(k)

C
q3
q2

q1
A

B
AB=BC=CD=DA=10cm
(g)
q4

C
q

q1

q3
q2

B
AB=BC=CD=DA=10cm
(l)

Bi 12: Hai in tch q1=8.10-8C v q2= -8.10-8C t ti A v B trong khng kh (AB=6cm) .Xc nh lc tc
dng ln in tch q3=8.10-8C t ti C nu :
a) CA=4cm ; CB=2cm
S:
a) 0,18N
b) CA=4cm ; CB=10cm
b) 30,24.10-3N
c) CA=CB=5cm
c) 27,7.10-3N
3

GV: H Th Thanh Lung

Bi 13: Ba in tch q1=27.10 C ; q2=64.10 C ; q3= -10 C ln lt t ti 3 nh A,B,C ca tam gic vung ti
C c AC=30cm ; BC=40cm .Xc nh lc tc dng ln q3 ?
S:4,5.10-3N.
-8
-8
-8
Bi 14: Ba in tch im q1=4.10 C ; q2= -4.10 C ; q3=5.10 C t trong khng kh ti ba nh A,B,C ca mt
tam gic u cnh a=2cm. Xc nh vect lc tc dng ln q3?
S: 0,045N ;//AB
Bi 15: Hai qu cu nh ging nhau. C cng khi lng m=0,01g tch in dng q1 = q2 = 10 -8C, c treo
ti cng mt im bng hai si dy mnh cch in. Do lc y tnh in hai qu cu tch ra xa nhau mt on a
= 3cm. Xc nh gc lch ca cc si dy treo so vi phng ng.
Bi 15: Hai vt nh mang in tch t trong khng kh cch nhau R=1m, y nhau lc F =1,8N . in tch tng
cng ca hai vt Q=3.10-5C. Tm in tch mi vt? S:2.10-5C ; 10-5
* Dng 2: in Trng Cng in Trng
Bi 16: Cho in tch Q = 10-6C, hy xc nh cng in trng ca in tch Q gy ra ti im M cch n
on 10cm. (v hnh minh ha).Nu ti M t in tch q= -10-6C th lc in tc dng ln q l bao nhiu?
Bi 17: Tnh cng in trng do mt in tch im 4.10-8C gy ra ti mt im cch 5cm trong mt
mi trng c hng s in mi l 2?
Bi 18: Mt in tch im q c t trong in mi ng tnh c =2. Ti im M cch q mt on 0,4m,
in trng c cng 9.104V/m v hng v pha in tch q. Xc nh ln v du ca q?
Bi 19: Ti 2 im A v B cch nhau on 10cm t 2 in tch q1= - q2 = 10-6C, hy xc nh cng in
trng ca in tch Q gy ra ti im M trn ng thng AB trong trng hp:
a. M l trung im AB.
b. M cch A on 10cm v bn tri.
Bi 20: Cho 2 in tch q1=10-5C v q2= -2.10-5C t ti hai im A v B cch nhau mt khong a=10cm trong
chn khng.
a. Xc nh cng in trng ti im C l trung im ca AB.
b. Xc nh cng in trng ti im D cch A 8cm v cch B 6cm
c. Xc nh lc tnh in tc dng ln in tch q3=-4.10-5C t ti C v D.
Bi 21: Cho hai in tch q1=4.10-10C ; q2= -4.10-10C t ti A,B trong khng kh vi AB=a=2cm.Xc nh vect
cng in trng ti C vi:
a) C l trung im ca AB.
S: 12.103V/m
b) CA=1cm ; CB=3cm.
S: 32.103V/m
c) CA=CB=AB
S: 9.103V/m
-7
Bi 22: Mt in tch q =10 C t trong in trng ca in tch im Q, chu tc dng lc F = 3.10-3N. Tnh
cng in trng ti im t in tch q v tm ln ca in tch Q, bit rng hai in tch t cch nhau
r = 30cm trong chn khng.
Bi 23: Cho 2 in tch q1 =2.10-6C v q2 = -2.10-6C t ti hai im A v B cch nhau mt khong a = 3cm
trong chn khng.
a. Xc nh cng in trng ti im C l trung im ca AB.
b. Xc nh cng in trng ti im D nm trn ng trung trc ca AB v cch A mt khong l a
c. Xc nh lc tnh in tc dng ln in tch +q t ti C v D.
Bi 24: C 3 in tch cng ln q = 10-6C t ti 3 nh mt tam gic u cnh a = 10cm. Xc nh cng
in trng ti im t ca mi in tch, do 2 in tch kia gy ra trong trng hp ba in tch cng du.
Bi 25: Mt in tch im q =-10-8C t trong in trng ca mt in tch im Q th chu lc tc dng F =
5.10-4N. Tnh cng in trng E ti im t in tch q.
Bi 26: C 3 in tch cng ln q = 2.10-6C t ti 3 nh mt tam gic vung ABC (A =1v) cnh
b=3cm, c=4cm. Xc nh cng in trng ti im A do 2 in tch kia gy ra v lc in tc dng ln in
tch A trong trng hp: Ba in tch cng m.
Bi 27: C 3 in tch cng ln q = 10-8C t ti 3 nh mt tam gic u ABC cnh a=10cm. Xc nh
cng in trng ti im t ca mi in tch, do 2 in tch kia gy ra trong trng hp:
a. Ba in tch cng dng.
b. Ba in tch cng m.
c. Mt in tch m v 2 in tch dng.
d. Mt in tch dng v 2 in tch m.
Bi 28: Cho hai in tch im q1=-4.10-8C v q2 =10-8C t ta 2 im A v B cch nhau mt on 10cm. Xc
nh v tr ca im m ti cng in trng =0.
4
-8

-8

-7

GV: H Th Thanh Lung

Bi 29: Cho hai im A v B cch nhau 5cm trong khng khc hai in tch q 1 = 16.10-8C v q2 = -9.10-8C. Tnh
cng in trng tng hp v v vc t in trng ti im C nm cch A 4cm v B 3cm.
Bi 30: Cho 4 in tch im c cng ln q = 10-8C t ti 4 nh ca mt hnh vung cnh a =30cm. Xc
nh cng in trng gy ra bi 4 in tch ti tm O ca hnh vung trong cc trng hp.
a. 4 in tch cng dng.
b. 4 in tch cng m.
c. Hai in tch c du dng v 2 in tch c du m cnh nhau.
d. Hai in tch c du dng v 2 in tch c du m nm i nhau.
* Dng 3: Cng Ca Lc in
Bi 31: Mt eletron di chuyn c qung ng 1cm, dc theo ng sc in, di tc dng ca lc in
trng trong mt in trng u c cng in trng 1000V/m. Cng ca lc in trng c gi tr bng
bao nhiu?
Bi 32: Mt electron c th khng vn tc ban u st bn m, trong in trng u gia hai bn kim loi
phng, tch in tri du. Cng in trng gia hai bn l 1000V/m. Khang cch gia hai bn l 1cm.
Tnh ng nng ca electron khi n p vo bn dng. Cho e = -1,6.10-19C, me = 9,1.10-31kg.
Bi 33: Mt electron chuyn ng dc theo ng sc ca mt in trng u. Cng in trng E =
100V/m. Vn tc ban u ca electroon bng 300km/s. Hi n chuyn ng c qung ng bng bao nhiu
th vn tc ca n bng khng? Cho bit me = 9,1.10-31kg.
Bi 34: Khi mt in tch q di chuyn trong in trng u t mt im A n mt im B th lc in sinh
cng 2,5J. Nu th nng ca q ti A l 2,5 J th tha nng ca n ti B l bao nhiu?
Bi 35: Hai tm kim loi phng rng t song song, cch nhau 2cm, c nhim in tri du v c ln bng
nhau. Mun in tch q = 5.10-10c di chuyn t tm ny n tm kia cn tn mt cng A = 2.10 -9J. Hy xc nh
cng in trng bn trong hai tm . Bit in trng ny l u v c ng sc vung gc vi cc tm.
Bi 36: Mt in tch q=10-8C dch chuynuuu
dc
r theo cc cnh ca mt tam gic u ABC cnh a = 20cm t
ur
trong in trng u E cng hng vi BC v E = 3000V/m. Cng ca lc in trng thc hin khi dch
chuyn in tch q theo cnh AB bng bao nhiu?
Bi 37: Mt in tch qdch chuyn
uuur dc theo cc cnh ca mt tam gic u ABC cnh a = 20cm t trong in
ur
trng u E cng hng vi BC v E = 3000V/m. Cng ca lc in trng thc hin khi dch chuyn in
tch q theo cnh AC bng -6.10-6J. Tnh q?
Bi 38: Mt in tch q = 1,5.10-8C dch chuyn
uuur dc theo cc cnh ca mt tam gic u ABC cnh a = 10cm t
ur
trong in trng u E cng hng vi BC . Cng ca lc in trng thc hin khi dch chuyn in tch q
theo cnh CB bng -6.10-6J. Tnh E?
Bi 39: Khi mt in tch q = 6 C, di chuyn dc theo hng ng sc t M n N trong in trng E =
5000V/m th lc in thc hin mt cng A = 1,2mJ. Tnh khong cch gia hai im M v N?
Bi 40: Mt prton bt u chuyn ng dc theo chiu ng sc in trng ca mt t in phng, cng
in trng E = 6000V/m. Prton s c vn tc l bao nhiu sau khi dch chuyn c mt qung ng
1.5cm( cho mp = 1,67.10-27Kg v q = 1,6.10-19C)
Bi 41: Mt electron bay vo trong mt in trng u ca mt t in phng theo hng ca ng sc v
trn on ng di 1cm. Vn tc ca n gim t 2,5m/s n 0. Xc nh cng in trng E gia hai bn
kim loi ca t in?

*Dng 4: in Th Hiu in Th
Bi 42: th nng ca mt e ti im M trong in trng ca mt in tch im l -32.1019J. in th ti im
M bng bao nhiu?
Bi 43: Mt e bay t im M n im N trong mt in trng, gia hai im c hiu in th UMN = 100V.
Cng m lc in sinh ra l bao nhiu?
Bi 44: Khi mt in tch q = -2C di chuyn t im M n im N trong in trng th lc in sinh cng -6J.
Hi ht UMN c gi tr bao nhiu?
5

GV: H Th Thanh Lung

Bi 45: Trong n hnh ca my thu hnh, cc e c tng tc bi hiu in th 2500V. Hi khi e p vo mn
hnh th vn tc ca n bng bao nhiu? Vn tc ban u ca e nh khng ng k. Cho
me= 9,1.10-31kg, qe = - 1,6.10-19C?
Bi 46: Tnh cng m lc in tc dng ln mt electron sinh ra khi n chuyn ng t im M n im N. cho
UMN =50V.
Bi 47: C hai bn kim loi phng t song song cnh nhau 1cm. Hiu in th gia bn dng v bn m l
120V. Hi in th ti im M trong khong gia hai bn, cch bn m 0,6cm l bao nhiu? Mc in th bn
m

* Dng 5: T in
Bi 48: Mt t in c in dung 500pF, c mc vo hai cc ca mt my pht in c ht 220V. Tnh in
tch ca t in.
Bi 49: Mt t in phng c in dung C = 100F, c mc vo hai cc ca ngun in c ht 50V. Tnh
nng lng ca t lc ny.
Bi 50: trn v mt t in c ghi 20 -200V. Ni hai bn t vi ht 120V.
a/ Tnh in tch ca t.
b/ Tnh in tch ti a m t tch c.
Bi 51: Tch in cho mt t in c in dung C = 20F di ht 6v. Sau ct t ra khi ngun.
a/ Tnh in tch q ca t.
b/ Tnh cng m in trng trong t sinh ra khi phng in tch q = 0,001q t bn dng sang bn m.
c/ Xt lc in tch ca t in ch cn bng q/2. Tnh cng m in trng trong t in sinh ra khi phng in
tch q nh trn t bn dng sang bn m lc .
Bi 52: mt t in c in dung C bng bao nhiu khi c tch in n in tch q = 10c. Th nng lng
in trng bn trong t l 1J.
Bi 53: Mt t in khi tch n in tch 1C th ht hai u t in l 10V hi khi tch in cho t l 2C th hiu
in th ca t in l bao nhiu?
Bi 54: Hai t in c in dung C1 = 0,4 F, C2 = 0,6 F ghp song song vi nhau. Mc b t in vo
ngun in c hiu in th U < 60 (V) th mt trong hai t in c in tch bng 3.10 -5 (C). Hiu in th
ca ngun in l?
Bi 55: B t in gm ba t in: C1 = 10 F, C2 = 15 F, C3 = 30 F mc ni tip vi nhau. in dung ca b
t in l?
Bi 56: B t in gm ba t in: C1 = 10 F, C2 = 15 F, C3 = 30 F mc song song vi nhau. in dung ca
b t in l?
Bi 57: B t in gm hai t in: C1 = 20F , C2 = 30 F mc ni tip vi nhau, ri mc vo hai cc ca
ngun in c hiu in th U = 60 (V). in tch ca b t in l?
Bi 58: B t in gm hai t in: C1 = 20 F, C2 = 30 F mc ni tip vi nhau, ri mc vo hai cc ca
ngun in c hiu in th U = 60 (V). in tch ca mi t in l?
Bi 59: B t in gm hai t in: C1 = 20 F, C2 = 30 F mc ni tip vi nhau, ri mc vo hai cc ca
ngun in c hiu in th U = 60 (V). Hiu in th trn mi t in l?
Bi 60: B t in gm hai t in: C1 = 20 F, C2 = 30 F mc song song vi nhau, ri mc vo hai cc ca
ngun in c hiu in th U = 60 (V). Hiu in th trn mi t in l?
Bi 61: B t in gm hai t in: C1 = 20 F, C2 = 30 F mc song song vi nhau, ri mc vo hai cc ca
ngun in c hiu in th U = 60 (V). in tch ca mi t in l?