Kim Ngoc The father of Farming Land Households Contract in Vietnam

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Kim Ngoc The father of Farming Land Households Contract in Vietnam

Written by: Vn Bnh, Hong (Peace) PhD Candidate of International Graduate Study Programs Southern Luzon State University Thai Nguyen University Word count: 2634

Van Binh Hoang (Peace)- PhD Candidate of Southern Luzon State University and Thai Nguyen University .

Kim Ngoc The father of Farming Land Households Contract in Vietnam

I. Introduction Land Households Contracting was a model of management of land farming in Vietnam since the 60s of the 20th century. Land households contracted was a unique model of Vinh Phuc province, this model was launched 40 years ago and it was nationally known, was a breakthrough in the management of bureaucratic mechanisms, subsidies, focus, dictate. Land contracted households is a breakthrough model, ahead of time and go through a difficult period. Let find the source and origin of the Land households contracted. Why a new resolution had been issued and it went on to the thought like that? The father of Land contracted households is Kim Ngoc who was a Vinh Phuc provincial party committee secretary. His real name is Kim Van Nguoc; he was born on October 10, 1917 at Dai Noi Village, Binh Dinh, Yen Lac district, Vinh Phuc Province. He initiated the contract of agricultural households in Vietnam in the '60s of the 20th century. II. The introduction of Households contracting The initiative "households contracting" or "Improve labor management cooperative" in 1966, led to "Resolution 10" or "Resolution 10 of the Politburo of Vietnam Communist Party in 1988". It removed binding, inhibition of obsolete management mechanism. Model "household contracting" by Kim Ngoc brought Vietnam from the years of lack of food becomes second largest rice exporter in the world. Resolution 10 is currently based on the lessons learned by many provinces in Vietnam which has quietly applied Kim Ngoc households contracting. In terms of finding the motivation for farmers and in order to get them be enthusiastic for production, sticking to the rice fields is always a concern of Kim Ngoc. He always asks the question that: why farmers disregard cooperative farming as their field and why the farmers go to work late and
Van Binh Hoang (Peace)- PhD Candidate of Southern Luzon State University and Thai Nguyen University .

Kim Ngoc The father of Farming Land Households Contract in Vietnam

leaving early? Why farmers wait for the gong of farmer's cooperative then get on work? A lot of questions and he began to study the phenomenon of socioeconomic. During the years 1965 - 1966, the U.S. enemy to escalate the war to the North, young people went to the southern to fight the enemy, and men volunteered to battle more and more, the work forces almost had gone. There were only the work forces as women and children. Therefore, It required other forms of Land contracted households categories of workers and other work force. The relationship between cooperatives and farmers did not have the closeness, labor productivity was very low. The situation of making the fake points for work is common. The purpose of the cooperative members to the cooperative work just to get as many points as possible and not get a lot of products, because as many of cooperative mark for work then they would be more excited so farmers put the bricks and rubbish in weight to be distributed in order to get more points. Cooperative management board was free to get point, corruption was seem to not be punished. The risk of poverty, food shortage is going extremely harsh, farmers are not sticking to their farms. Agricultural cooperatives exist only in name form. The risk of disintegration of agricultural cooperatives is real if there was not the policies to take advance. After studying the phenomenon of socio-economic mentioned above and the result of many years of working with real impetus to production, increased labor productivity. In order to stop the situation the corruption of point for work and stop the situation of production materials which have been being "the common father no one cried,". Secretary of Provincial Party Committee Kim Ngoc and the provincial Party Executive had to find the direction for the development of production of agriculture. From practice and observation of economic phenomena, he found the escape for agricultural production: The contract which is actually "contracted households." The process of a to take advantage of the main

Van Binh Hoang (Peace)- PhD Candidate of Southern Luzon State University and Thai Nguyen University .

Kim Ngoc The father of Farming Land Households Contract in Vietnam

resolution "contracted households" is the process of seeking to stimulate the interests of farmers eager to farmers produce, stick with the field. Resolution of Households Contracting in agriculture is formed. Contents include:" Contracts of production, contract of cost for production and contract of point for work, contract of output. Team production is contracted units. Resolution on the three agriculture contract of Vinh Phuc province was built quite elaborate, methodical and detail. Especially the guidance of the province's agriculture was very specific. The guidance has built many level for calculating point of work, however, when it was brought in to discussions, farmers just want the cooperative leave the whole work to them and the output of grain to be paid for cooperative base yield for each parcel, the grain remaining after the payment is farmers. Thus, the experience was: documents and resolutions should be easy to understand, easy to do, farmers would immediately accept. Therefore, the Households contracting became popular form of contracts in Vinh Phuc. III. Humanness and personality of Secretary Kim Ngoc So how was the Secretary of Vinh Phuc Province- Mr Kim Ngoc and which the characteristics that have made an extraordinary man like that? why a man from rural poverty levels, educational level to grade 7 but thinking of a scientist and provincial party committee secretary holding for 21 years from district to provincial level, including to 9 years as Secretary of Vinh Phuc. Firstly, Kim Ngoc who has a great mind. His life is for the people and for the revolutionary of the country. He was the person who always consider the welfare of the people comes before private concerns. During his short-lived of revolutionary activities 1939-1977, he spent almost all his heart for the revolutionary, closely with people, especially farmers, the largest class which contribute the most for the wars and is also the poorest class, the hardest and most disadvantaged. He had been to overcome the barriers to bring prosperity to people within his own leadership. His heart beats with the pulse of the revolution, of the people. He was happy with the happiness of the people, He was sad with the sadness of the people, he
Van Binh Hoang (Peace)- PhD Candidate of Southern Luzon State University and Thai Nguyen University .

Kim Ngoc The father of Farming Land Households Contract in Vietnam

worried by the fear of the people. Even in the last two years when he retired 1977 - 1979, despite poor health, disease, he was still nagging worry that farmers would be hungry if the suspended. Secondly, Secretary Kim Ngoc who dare to work and dare to take responsibility. This is a great personality and characteristic of Kim Ngoc who was a great manager of renovation period. Contemporaries with Secretary Kim Ngoc both have the same comments: The characteristics of Kim Ngoc are very strong and assertive. What he believed that is true, then he tries to perform it. Just take for example the policy of innovation mechanism management of labor in agriculture, including land households contracted is enough to prove his these characteristic. In the decade of the sixties of the twentieth century, because of incremental manpower for the war against America, so the Northern economy during this period encounter numerous difficulties. Besides the cost of war, economic policy of many things were not reasonable, the lack of practicality. In fact, the government made a policy of monopoly price. Farmers make products with high production costs but selling prices were very lower. This situation occurred even in a state of agricultural production. Government order for lower purchasing prices of agricultural products. Products made must be sold for the government with the price prescribed by the government. It was seemed to be no attention to the costs of farmers and free agricultural market value. In addition, labor-management mechanisms in agricultural land farming households contracted is

cooperatives loose, heavy focus on the subsidy. In this context, the situation of agricultural production get into the deadlock. The agricultural cooperatives went decline, farmers were no longer unconcerned with cooperatives as well as production. The yield on a work days reduced dramatically at many places even down to zero. Famine held constantly.
Van Binh Hoang (Peace)- PhD Candidate of Southern Luzon State University and Thai Nguyen University .

Kim Ngoc The father of Farming Land Households Contract in Vietnam

Faced with that situation, leaders of the provincial Party Committee and Secretary Kim Ngoc were day and night thinking how to find out the escape. Kim Ngoc identify the basic vulnerabilities of agricultural cooperatives. What makes his biggest concern is the mastership of the farmers for land. Which was: When carrying out land reform, farmers were divided land and they were the ownership of that divided land. However, when conducting the agricultural cooperation, the land was taken back to the general. The slogan says cooperative members own their farming land but in reality they no longer owns their land, no longer self-production planning, actively using the products they made. Every thing was depended on agricultural cooperatives. From the practical knowledge, Kim Ngoc came to a conclusion that would make a revolution in agricultural production in Vinh Phuc province and then spread to the northern region: "Peasant households is the subject of the agricultural production application. To do this government need to let farmers own their land, take the initiative in the production plan, Kim Ngoc stated. This conclusion was of both highly practical and theoretical science, in accordance with the rules of life. Secretary Kim Ngoc had made policy of renewal mechanism in agriculture management with measures including measures for the land households contracted. However, there were still the conservative, dogmatic forces reigning in a department of the Party leadership, the policy of renewal mechanism in agriculture management including land household contracted faces the backlash. Even within the provincial Party Committee not everyone agrees with this policy. Someone said an extreme way is hungry rather than deviate socialist path, not betraying the Marxist-Leninist. But with a strong and resolute character, who always put the interests of the people, of society ahead of his interests, Mr. Kim Ngoc determined with the group of the provincial Party Committee leaders to made Resolution 68 NQ/TU "Solutions for labor-management problems in the agricultural cooperatives at the recent. This was a resolution that value as a scientific research project of management science and it valued both economically and
Van Binh Hoang (Peace)- PhD Candidate of Southern Luzon State University and Thai Nguyen University .

Kim Ngoc The father of Farming Land Households Contract in Vietnam

socially. Resolution has fundamental changes in agricultural situation at that time. Therefore, there is no doubt to state that dare to work and dare to take responsibility is a great personality and character of Secretary Kim Ngoc. Thirdly, Secretary Kim Ngoc who loves people, close to people and understanding people. Secretary Kim Ngoc has spent almost all his life of his revolutionary activities for the people. It could be because of due to he came from a poor farming family, When he was a child, he went to tenants for landlords, so he understands what it means to hunger, poverty of the peasants. So when the difficulty occurred he was always willing to come to find out why this causes problems. Then Kim Ngoc and group of the provincial Party Committee leaders to find out the solution for that difficulties. Across the lands in the province, there were not any places that lacks his steps. He had to wade into the original rice field to find out what makes the yield declined. He worries, grief at the sight hunger of farmers. He sincerely listen to the voice of the people so he could know what the people think and what they want. His heart beats with the pulse of the people. It perhaps by the love for the people, close to people and understanding people, he wants people to be prosperous so he went to the bold decision to reform the management mechanism of agricultural cooperatives. A decision entirely consistent with popularity. So that people of Vinh Phuc in particular and the whole country could never forget him The person who first opened the way for agricultural production. Fourthly, Kim Ngoc was a leader who has the integrity and kindness characteristics. Kim Ngoc is a reputed leader of the people of Vinh Phuc, he was an upright leader, and he never took a pound of rice or salt of the people. He always put people's interests ahead of his personal interests. He did not receive gifts from subordinates, he said that the subordinates give gifts to the higher
Van Binh Hoang (Peace)- PhD Candidate of Southern Luzon State University and Thai Nguyen University .

Kim Ngoc The father of Farming Land Households Contract in Vietnam

manager then money paid for the gifts would be taken from the state budget, while the state budget is that of the people, by the people contribute and to serve the interests of the people. As for the gifts received by the subordinates so that is already indirectly infringe on people's property. Kim Ngoc was always worry and happy with the people, He always wished that people are living in a comfortable places and happiness. He stated his desired that: Socialism is that people must be provided good and healthy food, beauty clothes and happiness. Education and medical treatment need to be free. In the period of time that the desire of enough food and clothes for the people was one of the difficulties, His dream that enough delicious and healthy food, beautiful clothes for the people which could prove that he had great desire for his community. IV. What we learned from Kim Ngoc and his style of Leadership. A man with a vision over time. He had an "upstream" intellectual which left lessons for us to ponder. A man who had spent all his lifelong concern, headache for the farmer's rice bowl. Time lapse over four decades, the virtual value has been forgotten, he and people like him leaved value as more and more radiant jewel. It was Kim Ngoc-Vinh Phuc provincial party chiefs-the father of "Farming land households contracting" of the 1967s. Resolution 68 dated 10/09/1966 of the contracting model, which was later referred to as ""Farming land households contracting"", that had the basic content of giving permission for households and considered households become the main production unit was a tremendous change for agriculture in Vinh Phuc Province. Kim Ngoc had the early vision in management tasks which can be proved that Kim Ngoc was early recognizing the position, meaning and economic dynamics of households in the agricultural sector. From the basis methodology of science formed in the process of research and experience from practice which summarized from the years 1966-1968, Mr. Kim Ngoc had advocated to reform mechanism in agriculture management with multiple
Van Binh Hoang (Peace)- PhD Candidate of Southern Luzon State University and Thai Nguyen University .

Kim Ngoc The father of Farming Land Households Contract in Vietnam

measures and diverse forms. That brought benefit to the people of VinhPhuc in particular and Vietnamese in general. Kim Ngoc could be acknowledged as a great scientist of management in agriculture area in VietNam. Provincial Party Committee and Provincial People's Committee of Vinh Phu has valuated the innovation policy of mechanism and management measures in agriculture by Mr. Kim Ngoc 25 years ago as a scientific research which left values in management, economic and social, contribute to paving the way for agricultural production of Vinh Phu in particular and the whole country in general. Mr. Kim Ngoc had a pure, sincere and simple lifestyles. He never harassed anyone. Farmers also esteemed and admired him for his upright life. Kim Ngoc always put people's interests ahead of his personal interests. He felt deeply the situation of poverty of the people, he hurt with the pain of the people and dare to remove the provisions that practice has proved unsuitable for promotion Truong Dinh Tuyen the past Minister of Trade stated. Bi hc v khon h Vnh Ph mi cn gi tr, khng phi cch c th m ng ch Kim Ngc gii quyt m l ch ng ng cm su sc trc tnh cnh i ngho ca ngi dn, cng au ni au ca h v dm tho b nhng quy nh m thc tin chng t khng ph hp thc y pht trin.
Nguyn B trng B Thng mi Trng nh Tuyn

V. Conclusion Celebrating reformer Kim Ngoc means respecting the class of pioneer in the innovation. The initiative of "household contracting" (or "Improving labor management cooperative in agriculture") of Kim Ngoc and his comrades in 1966, led to "Resolution 10" or "Resolution 10 of the Politburo of Vietnam Communist Party in 1988". It removed binding, inhibition of obsolete management mechanism. Model "household contracting" by Kim Ngoc brought Vietnam from the years of lack of food becomes second largest rice exporter in the world.
Van Binh Hoang (Peace)- PhD Candidate of Southern Luzon State University and Thai Nguyen University .

Kim Ngoc The father of Farming Land Households Contract in Vietnam

He deserves with the appreciation of the last General Secretary Nguyen Van Linh: "The works of Kim Ngoc was great, we need to build a statue of him and bring our gratitude to people like Kim Ngoc". "Cng lao anh Kim Ngc tht ln, cn phi dng tng t lng bit n con ngi nh anh Kim Ngc. Nguyn Vn Linh

Van Binh Hoang (Peace)- PhD Candidate of Southern Luzon State University and Thai Nguyen University .

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Kim Ngoc The father of Farming Land Households Contract in Vietnam

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25/03/2009. Access 25/1/2012

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Online, 14/04/2009. Access 14/1/2012.

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16/04/2009. Access 14/1/2012.

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15/04/2009. Access 14/1/2012.

6. http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Ng%E1%BB%8Dc . Access 2/1/2012

Van Binh Hoang (Peace)- PhD Candidate of Southern Luzon State University and Thai Nguyen University .

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