ĐỒ ÁN MÔN HỌC III THIẾT KẾ VÀ THI CÔNG MẠCH TỔNG ĐÀI NỘI BỘ PABX 1 TRUNG KẾ 4 THUÊ BAO

N 3: thit k thi cng tng i ni b PABX
GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
LI CM N
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 1

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
LI NI U
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 2

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
MC LC
LI CM N .............................................................................................................................................. 1
LI NI U ............................................................................................................................................. 2
MC LC ................................................................................................................................................... 3
PHN I ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
C S L THUYT................................................................................................................................... 8
Chng 1...................................................................................................................................................... 9
Gii thiu chung v tng i ........................................................................................................................ 9
1.
Khi nim tng i: .......................................................................................................................... 9
2.
Phn loi tng i: ........................................................................................................................... 9

2.1.
Phn loi theo cng ngh: ........................................................................................................ 9
Tng i nhn cng : ........................................................................................................ 9

Tng i t ng: ............................................................................................................ 10
2.2.
3.
Cc chc nng ca h thng tng i: ........................................................................................... 11

3.1.
Nhn dng thu bao gi: ........................................................................................................ 12
3.2.
Tip nhn s c quay: ........................................................................................................ 12
3.3.
Kt ni cuc gi: .................................................................................................................... 12
3.4.
Chuyn thng tin iu khin:................................................................................................ 12
3.5.
Kt ni trung chuyn: .......................................................................................................... 13
3.6.
Kt ni trm cui: ................................................................................................................ 13
3.7.
Truyn tn hiu chung: ......................................................................................................... 13
3.8.
Tnh cc: .............................................................................................................................. 13
3.9.
Truyn tnh hiu bo bn: ...................................................................................................... 13
3.10.
4.
Phn loi cu trc mng in thoi Vit Nam........................................................................ 11
Phc hi h thng:.............................................................................................................. 13
Cc thng tin bo hiu trong mng in thoi: .............................................................................. 14

4.1.
Gii thiu:............................................................................................................................. 14
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 3

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
4.2.
Phn loi cc thng tin m hiu: ............................................................................................ 15
Thng tin v yu cu v gii ta cuc gi: .......................................................................... 15

Thng tin chn a ch: .................................................................................................... 15
Thng tin chm dt chn a ch ....................................................................................... 15
Thng tin gim st: .......................................................................................................... 15
4.3.
Bo hiu trn ng dy thu bao: ........................................................................................ 15
Bo hiu trn ng dy thu bao gi: ............................................................................... 15

Bo hiu trn ng dy thu bao b gi: ........................................................................... 16
4.4.
H thng m hiu ca tng i............................................................................................... 17
Tn hiu chung:(Ringging Signal) .................................................................................... 17

Tn hiu mi gi(dialtone): ............................................................................................... 18
Tn hiu bo bn: (busysignal) .......................................................................................... 18
Tn hiu hi m chung: ................................................................................................... 18
Gi sai s: ...................................................................................................................... 19
Tn hiu bo gc my ....................................................................................................... 19
Tn hiu o cc:............................................................................................................. 19
Tn hiu thoi: ................................................................................................................................ 20
5.
5.1.
Mc ng: .............................................................................................................................. 20
5.2.
Di ng ................................................................................................................................. 20
5.3.
r v hiu ..................................................................................................................... 21
5.4.
Bng tn in thoi: ............................................................................................................... 21
Chng 2.................................................................................................................................................... 22
KHI QUT V MY IN THOI ..................................................................................................... 22
Nguyn l thng tin in thoi:...................................................................................................... 22
1.
1.1.
S mng thng tin in thoi: ........................................................................................... 22
1.2.
Nguyn l hot ng: ............................................................................................................. 22

Nhng chc nng c bn ca my in thoi: ........................................................................... 23
2.
3.
Nhng yu cu c bn v my in thoi ...................................................................................... 23
4.
Phn loi my in thoi: ............................................................................................................... 24

4.1.
Chc nng: ............................................................................................................................. 24
4.2.
Phn loi: ............................................................................................................................... 24
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 4

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
4.2.1.
My in thoi c in: ...................................................................................... 24
4.2.2.
My in thoi in t: ...................................................................................... 24
4.2.3.
My in thoi n phm thng thng: ................................................................. 25
4.2.4.
My in thoi n phm c mn hnh ................................................................... 25
4.2.5.
My in thoi n phm c ghi m: ...................................................................... 26
4.2.6.
My in thoi n phm khng day: ..................................................................... 26
CHNG 3: .............................................................................................................................................. 27
Gii thiu v vi iu khin 8051 ................................................................................................................ 27
1.
Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................................................. 27
2.
ng dng ca vi iu khin ........................................................................................................... 28
3.
Hot ng ca vi iu khin .......................................................................................................... 29
4.
Cu trc chung ca vi iu khin ................................................................................................... 30
5.
Kin trc vi iu khin 8051 .......................................................................................................... 35

5.1.
Chun 8051 ............................................................................................................................ 35
5.2.
Chn vi iu khin 8051 ........................................................................................................ 36
5.2.
T chc b nh 8051 ............................................................................................................. 43
5.3.1.
T chc b nh trong ........................................................................................ 43
5.3.2.
T chc b nh ngoi ........................................................................................ 46
5.3.3.
Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit (SFRs - Special Function Registers) .................... 49
5.3.4.
B m v b nh thi ...................................................................................... 53
5.3.5.
Truyn thng khng ng b (UART) ................................................................. 54
5.3.6.
Ngt vi iu khin 8051 ..................................................................................... 55
5.4.
Lp trnh hp ng cho 8051 ................................................................................................... 55
5.4.1.
ch a ch.................................................................................................... 55
5.4.2.
Tp lnh trong 8051........................................................................................... 57
5.4.3.
B m v b nh thi ...................................................................................... 62
5.4.4.
Truyn thng ni tip......................................................................................... 65
5.4.5.
X l ngt ........................................................................................................ 71
PHN II ..................................................................................................................................................... 77
Thit k v thi cng mch .......................................................................................................................... 77
Chng I: ................................................................................................................................................... 78
S khi ton mch................................................................................................................................. 78
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 5

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
1.
2.
S khi ...................................................................................................................................... 78
1.1.
Khi iu khin trung tm ..................................................................................................... 78
1.2.
Ngun cp: ............................................................................................................................. 78
1.3.
Tone: ...................................................................................................................................... 79
1.4.
DTMF: ................................................................................................................................... 79
1.5.
Khi trung k: ........................................................................................................................ 79
S nguyn l mch tng khi ................................................................................................... 79

2.1.
Khi ngun: ........................................................................................................................... 79
2.2
Khi thu DTMF :.................................................................................................................. 80
2.2.1.
Gii thiu v ic 8870 ......................................................................................... 80
2.2.2.
Gii thch hot ng .......................................................................................... 81

Bng m chc nng: .......................................................................................................... 82
2.2.3.
2.2.4. s mch thu DTMF ............................................................................................................. 83

2.3.
S mch TONE: ................................................................................................................ 83
2.3.1.
S chn CD4093:.......................................................................................... 83
2.3.2.
S mch TONE ............................................................................................ 84
2.4.
S mch chuyn mch: ..................................................................................................... 84
2.4.1.
S mach: ..................................................................................................... 84
2.4.2.
Thit k mch ng ngt relay: ........................................................................... 85
2.5.
S mch trung k: ............................................................................................................. 85
2.5.1.
Gii thiu ic Opto:............................................................................................. 85
2.5.2.
Mch cm bin khi c thu bao ngoi gi n: ...................................................... 87
2.5.3.
Mch iu khin gi lp nht my ....................................................................... 88
2.5.4.
Mch to tn hiu mi quay s: ........................................................................... 90
2.5.5.
S tng th mch trung k: ............................................................................. 90
2.6.
Mch cp ngun v cm bin nht my thu bao: ................................................................. 91
3.
S nguyn l mch tng i pabx: ............................................................................................ 92
4.
S mch in tng i pabx:......................................................................................................... 94
Chng II ................................................................................................................................................... 95
Lu gii thut v chng trnh.............................................................................................................. 95
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 6

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
1.
Lu gii thut: ........................................................................................................................... 95

1.1.
Chng trnh chnh ................................................................................................................ 95
1.2.
Chng trnh gii m quay s ................................................................................................ 96
1.3.
Chng trnh ngt ngoi: ....................................................................................................... 97
1.4.
Chng trnh kt ni thu bao ni b .................................................................................... 98
1.5.
Chng trnh kt ni thu bao ngoi ...................................................................................... 99
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 7

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
PHN I
C S L THUYT
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 8

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Chng 1
Gii thiu chung v tng i
1. Khi nim tng i:
Tng i in thoi l mt h thng chuyn mch, n c nhim v kt ni cc cuc
lin lc t thit b u cui ch gi n thit b u cui b gi.
Trong s pht trin k thut v vin thng c hai bc ngot ln:
+ Vo thp k 1960 l s xa b khong cch a l, in thoi gi c i khp
th gii, tri t nh co li.
+ Vo thp k 1980 l s chinh phc thi gian, s thnh cng ca k thut s
phn theo thi gian c v chuyn mch v truyn dn.
Ngy nay, k thut s v chuyn mch, truyn dn phn theo thi gian tr nn rt
ph bin v l phng thc hot ng ch yu trong cc h tng i hin nay. Trong
k thut iu ch xung m (PCM: pulse code modulation) c s dng rt hiu qu
trong cc mng truyn s liu, ting ni, hnh nh ang pht trin hin nay, l mng
s lin kt dch v ISDN
2. Phn loi tng i:

2.1.
Phn loi theo cng ngh:
c chia lm hai loi

Tng i nhn cng :
Tng i nhn cng ra i u tin t khi mi bt u h thng thng tin in
thoi. trong tng i vic nh hng thng tin c thc hin bng sc ngi. ni
cch khc, vic kt ni thng thoi cho cc thu bao c thc hin bng thao tc
trc tip ca con ngi.
Nhc im ca tng i nhn cng l:
+ Thi gian kt ni lu.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 9

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
+ D nhm ln.
+ Kh m rng dung lng.
+ Tn nhiu nhn cng.
Tng i t ng:
c chia lm hai loi chnh.
2.1.1.1.
Tng i c in:
K thut chuyn mch trong tng i c in nh vo cc b chuyn mch c

kh, c iu khin bng cc mch in t bao gm:
+ Chuyn mch quay trn.
+ Chuyn mch tng nc.
+ Chuyn mch ngang dc.
Trong tng i c in, vic nhn dng thu bao gi, xc nh thu bao gi, cp
m hiu, kt ni thng thoi u c thc hin mt cch t ng nh cc mch
iu khin bng in t cng vi cc b chuyn mch bng c kh.
So vi tng i nhn cng, tng i c in c nhng u im ln:
+ Thi gian kt ni nhanh chng hn, chnh xc hn.
+ Dung lng tng i c th tng ln nhiu.
+ Gim nh cng vic ca in thoi vin.
Tuy nhin tng i c in c mt s nhc im sau:
+ Thit b cng knh.
+ Tn nhiu nng lng.
+ iu khin kt ni phc tp.
+ Bo tr, bo dng phc tp.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 10

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
2.1.1.2.
Tng i in t :
Trong cc tng i in t, cc b chuyn mch gm cc linh kin bn dn, vi

mch cng vi cc relay, analog switch c iu khin bng cc mch in t, vi
mch.
u im:
Cc b chuyn mch bng bn dn thay th cc b chuyn mch c kh ca tng
i c in lm c cu tng i gn nh i nhiu, thi gian kt ni thng thoi
nhanh hn, nng lng tiu tn t hn.
C th tng dung lng thu bao ln m thit b khng phc tp ln nhiu.
2.2.
Phn loi cu trc mng in thoi Vit Nam
Hin nay trong mng vin thng Vit Nam c 5 loi tng i sau:
+ Tng i c quan PABX (Private Automatic Branch Exchange): c s
dng trong cc c quan, khch sn v ch s dng cc trung k CO Line.
+ Tng i nng thn RE (Rural Exchange): c s dng cc x, khu dn
ng, ch v c th s dng cc loi trung k.
+ Tng i ni ht LE (Local Exchange): c t trung tm huyn, tnh
v s dng c tt c cc loi trung k.
+ Tng i ng di TE (Toll Exchange): Dng kt ni cc tng i ni
ht cc tnh vi nhau, chuyn mch cc cuc gi ng di trong nc, khng c
thu bao.
+ Tng i ca ng quc t GWE (Gate Way Exchange): tng i ny
dng cho chn hng v chuyn mch cuc gi vo mng quc t. ni cc mng
quc gia vi nhau c th chuyn qu giang cc cuc gi.
3. Cc chc nng ca h thng tng i:

SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 11

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Mc d cc h thng tng i c nng cp rt nhiu t khi n c pht minh

ra, cc chc nng c bn ca n nh xc nh cc cuc gi thu bao, kt ni vi thu
bao b gi v sau tin hnh phc hi li khi cc cuc gi hon thnh hu nh
vn nh c. H thng tng i nhn cng tin hnh cc qu trnh ny bng tay, trong
khi h thng tng i t ng tin hnh nhng cng vic ny bng cc thit b in.
Trong trng hp u, khi mt thu bao gi yu cu kt ni ti tng i, nhn
vin cm nt tr li ng dy b gi vo cm ca dy ch gi thit lp cuc
gi vi pha bn kia. Khi cuc gi hon thnh, ngi vn hnh rt dy ni ra v a
n v trng thi ban u. h tng i nhn cng c phn thnh loi in t v h
dng c- quy chung. i vi h in t th thu bao lp thm cho mi c-quy chung.
Cc tn hiu gi v tn hiu hon thnh cuc gi c n gin chuyn ti ngi thao
tc vin thng qua cc n.
i vi h tng i t ng, cc cuc gi c pht ra v hon thnh thng qua
cc bc sau:
3.1.
Nhn dng thu bao gi:
Xc nh thu bao nhc ng nghe v sau c ni vi mch iu khin.
3.2.
Tip nhn s c quay:
Khi ni vi mch iu khin, thu bao ch gi bt u nghe thy tn hiu mi

quay s v sau chuyn s in thoi ca thu bao b gi. h thng tng i thc
hin cc chc nng ny.
3.3.
Kt ni cuc gi:
Khi s quay c ghi li, thu bao b gi c xc nh, h tng i s chn mt

b cc ng trung k n tng i thu bao b gi v chn mt ng ri trong s .
Khi thu bao b gi nm trong tng i ni ht th ng dy ni ht c s dng.
3.4.
Chuyn thng tin iu khin:
Khi c ni ti tng i ca thu bao b gi hay tng i trung chuyn, c hai

tng i trao i vi nhau cc thng tin cn thit nh s ca thu bao b gi
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 12

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
3.5.
Kt ni trung chuyn:
Trong trng hp tng i c ni n l tng i trung chuyn, cc bc trn y

c nhc li kt ni ti trm cui v sau thng tin nh s ca th bao b gi c
truyn i
3.6.
Kt ni trm cui:
Khi trm cui c nh gi l trm ni ht da trn s thu bao b gi c

truyn i, b iu khin trng thi my bn ca thu bao b gi c tin hnh. Nu
my khng trng thi bn th mt ng ni vi cc ng trung k c chn
kt ni cc cuc gi.
3.7.
Truyn tn hiu chung:
kt ni cuc gi, tn hiu chung c truyn v ch cho n khi c tr li t

thu bao b gi. khi tr li tn hiu chung b ngt v trng thi c chuyn thnh
trng thi my bn.
3.8.
Tnh cc:
Tng i ch gi xc nh cu tr li ca thu bao b gi v nu cn thit bt u

tnh ton gi tr cc phi tr theo khong cch v thi gian gi.
3.9.
Truyn tnh hiu bo bn:
Khi tt c cc ng trung k b chim theo cc bc trn y hoc thu bao b

gi bn th tn hiu bn c truyn n thu bao ch gi.
3.10. Phc hi h thng:

Trng thi ny c xc nh khi cuc gi kt thc. Sau tt c cc ng ni
u c gii phng.
Nh vy, cc bc c bn ca h thng tng i c tin hnh x l cuc
gi c trnh by ngn gn. Trong h thng tng i in t, nhiu c tnh dch v
mi c thm vo cng vi cc chc nng trn.
Do , cc im c bn sau y phi c xem xt khi vn hnh v s dng:
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 13

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
+ Tiu chun truyn dn :

Mc ch u tin ca vic u ni in thoi l truyn ting ni v theo l ch
tiu ca vic truyn dn p ng cht lng gi phi c xc nh bng cch
xem xt s mt mt khi truyn, rng di tn s truyn dn v tp m
+ Tiu chun kt ni:
iu ny lin quan ti vn dch v u ni cho cc thu bao. l ch tiu v
cc yu cu i vi cc thit b tng i v cc ng truyn dn nhm m bo
cht lng kt ni. nhm mc ch ny, mt mng li tuyn tnh linh hot c kh
nng x l ng thng tin c hiu qu vi t l cuc gi b mt t nht phi c lp
ra.
+ tin cy :
Cc thao tc du khin phi c tin hnh ph hp, c bit cc li xut hin
trong h thng vi nhng chc nng iu khin tp trung c th gp phi nhng hu
qu nghim trng trong thao tc h thng. Theo h thng phi c c chc nng
sa cha v bo dng hu hiu bao gm vic chun on li, tm v sa cha.
+ linh hot :
S lng cc cuc gi c th x l thng qua cc h thng tng i tng ln rt
nhiu v nhu cu nng cp cc chc nng hin nay tng ln. Do h thng phi
linh hot m rng v sa i c.
+ Tnh kinh t :
Do cc h thng tng i in thoi l c s cho vic truyn thng tin i chng
nn phi c hiu qu v chi ph v c kh nng cung cp dch v thoi cht lng cao.
Cn c vo cc xem xt trn mt h thng tng i t ng c trin khai v
lp t k t khi n c a vo s dng ln u tin
4. Cc thng tin bo hiu trong mng in thoi:

4.1.
Gii thiu:
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 14

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
4.2.
Phn loi cc thng tin m hiu:
Thng tin v yu cu v gii ta cuc gi:

Thng tin yu cu cuc gi: l khi thu bao nhc t hp v tng i s kt ni n
thit b nhn thch hp nhn thng tin a ch (s b gi).
Thng tin gii ta: khi c hai thu bao u gc t hp (on hook) v tng i s
gii ta tt c cc thit b c lm bn cho cuc gi v xa sch bt k thng tin no
khc c dng cho vic thit lp v kim gi cuc gi.
Thng tin chn a ch:
Khi tng i sn sng nhn thng tin i ch, n s gi mt tn hiu yu cu n
thu bao chnh l m hiu mi quay s (dial tone).
Thng tin chm dt chn a ch
Thng tin ny ch dn tnh trng ca ng dy b gi hoc l do khng hon tt
cuc gi.
Thng tin gim st:
Ch r tnh trng nhc/gc t hp ca thu bao gi cng nh tnh trng ca thu bao
b gi sau khi ng thoi c thit lp.
+ Thu bao gi nhc t hp.
+ Thu bao b gi tr li v vic tnh cc bt u.
+ Thu bao b gi gc t hp.
+ Thu bao b gi gc t hp kt thc cuc gi v ngt ng kt ni cuc gi
sau mt thi gian nu thu bao ch gi khng gc t hp.
4.3.
Bo hiu trn ng dy thu bao:
Bo hiu trn ng dy thu bao gi:

Trong cc mng in thoi hin nay, ngun tng i cung cp n cc thu bao
thng l 48VDC - 52VDC
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 15

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Yu cu cuc gi: Khi thu bao ri, tr khng ng dy cao, tr khng ng dy

gim xung ngay khi thu bao nhc t hp kt qu l dng in tng cao. Dng tng cao
ny c tng i pht hin nh l mt yu cu kt ni v s cung cp n thu bao m
hiu mi quay s.
Tn hiu a ch: Sau khi nhn tn hiu mi quay s, thu bao s gi cc ch s a
ch. Cc ch s a ch c th c pht i bng hai cch quay s, quay s ch
Pulse v quay s ch Tone.
Tn hiu chm dt vic la chn: sau khi nhn a ch, b phn nhn a ch
c ngt ra. Sau vic kt ni c thit lp, lc ny tng i gi mt trong cc tn
hiu sau:
+ Nu ng dy b gi ri, tn hiu chung s c gi ti thu bao b gi v tn
hiu hi m chung c gi v thu bao ch gi.
+ Nu ng dy b bn hoc khng th truy xut c th tn hiu bn s c
gi v thu bao ch gi.
+ Mt thng bo c ghi sn gi n thu bao ch gi ch dn cuc gi
hin ti b tht bi, khc vi trng hp thu bao b gi bn.
Tn hiu tr li tr v: ngay khi thu bao b gi nhc t hp, mt tn hiu o cc
c pht n thu bao gi. Vic ny cho php s dng hot ng thit b c bit
c gn vo thu bao ch gi nh my tnh cc.
Tn hiu gii ta: khi thu bao ch gi gc t hp, tng tr ng dy ln cao,
tng i xc nhn tn hiu ny v gii ta tt c cc thit b lin quan n vic thit lp
cuc gi v xa cc thng tin trong b nh ang c dng km gi cuc gi. thng
tng tn hiu ny c trong khong thi gian hn 500ms.
Bo hiu trn ng dy thu bao b gi:
Tn hiu rung chung: ng dy thu bao ri nhn cuc gi n, tng i s gi
dng in rung chung ti my b gi. dng in ny c tn s 20Hz, 25Hz, 50Hz c
ngt qung thch hp. ng thi tn hiu hi m chung cng c gi ti thu bao ch
gi.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 16

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Tn hiu tr li: khi thu bao b gi nhc t hp nhn cuc gi, tng tr ng dy
xung thp, tng i pht hin vic ny s ct dng in rung chung v m hiu hi m
chung bt u giai on m thoi.
Tn hiu gii ta: nu sau khi giai on m thoi, thu bao b gi ngt t hp
trc thu bao ch gi s thay i tnh trng tng tr ng dy, khi tng i s gi
tn hiu ng dy lu di n thu bao gi v gii ta cuc gi sau mt thi gian.
Tn hiu gi li b ghi pht: tn hiu gi li trong giai on quay s trong khong
thi gian thoi c gi l tn hiu gi li b ghi pht.
4.4.
H thng m hiu ca tng i
ng dy in thoi thng thng hin nay c hai dy l dy Tip v dy Ring c

mu v mu xanh. Chng ta khng cn quan tm ti dy no l dy Tip v dy no l
dy Ring v iu ny tht s khng quan trng. Tt c cc in thoi hin nay u c
cp ngun thng hai dy ny. in p cung cp thng l 48VDC nhng cng c th
thp n 47VDC hoc cao ti 105VDC ty thuc vo tng i.
Ngoi ra, hot ng giao tip c d dng, tng i s gi mt s tn hiu c
bit ti in thoi nh tn hiu chung, tn hiu bo bn, tn hiu xm nhp Sau y
chng ta s tm hiu v cc tn hiu ny v ng dng ca n.
Tn hiu chung:(Ringging Signal)
Khi mt thu bao b gi th tng i s gi tn hiu chung n bo cho thu bao

bit c ngi b gi. tn hiu chung l tn hiu xoay chiu AC thng c tn s 25Hz
tuy nhin n c th cao hn n 60Hz hoc thp hn n 16Hz. Bin ca tn hiu
chung cng thay i t 40 VRMS n 130 VRMS. Tn hiu chung c gi ti theo
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 17

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
dng xung thng l 2s c v 4s khng (nh hnh v). hoc c th thay i theo thi
gian ty thuc vo tng i.
Tn hiu mi gi(dialtone):
y l tn hiu lin tc khng phi l tn hiu xung nh cc tn hiu khc c s

dng trong h thng in thoi. tn hiu ny c to ra bi hai m thanh (tone) c tn
s 350Hz v 440Hz.
Tn hiu bo bn: (busysignal)
Khi thu bao nhc my thc hin mt cuc gi th thu bao s nghe mt trong hai tn
hiu:
+ Tn hiu mi gi cho php thu bao thc hin ngay mt cuc gi.
+ Tn hiu bo bn bo cho thu bao bit ng dy ang bn khng th thc
hin cuc gi ngay lc ny. Thu bao phi ch ti khi nghe c tn hiu mi gi. khi
thu bao b gi nhc my trc khi thu bao gi cng nghe c tn hiu ny.
+ Tn hiu bo bn l tn hiu xoay chiu c dng hnh sin tn s 425Hz, c chu
k 1s (0.5s c v 0.5 s khng).
Tn hiu hi m chung:
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 18

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Tn hiu hi m chung (ringback tone): l tn hiu hnh sin tn s

f = 425Hz 25Hz, bin 2VRMS trn nn DC 10V, pht ngt qung 2s c 4s khng.
Gi sai s:
Nu bn gi nhm mt s m n khng tn ti th bn s nhn c tn hiu xung c
chu k 1s v c tn s 200Hz 400Hz. Hoc i vi cc h thng in thoi ngy nay
bn s nhn c thng bo rng bn gi sai s.
Tn hiu bo gc my
Khi thu bao nhc t hp ra khi in thoi qu lu m khng thc hin cuc gi th
thu bao s nhn c mt tn hiu chung rt ln ( thu bao c th nghe c khi
xa my) cnh bo. Tn hiu ny l tng hp ca bn tn s 1400Hz +
2050Hz+2450Hz +2600Hz c pht dng xung 0.1s c v 0.1s khng.
Tn hiu o cc:
Tn hiu o cc chnh l s o cc tnh ca ngun ti tng i, khi hai thu bao

bt u cuc m thoi, mt tn hiu o cc s xut hin. khi h thng tnh cc ca
tng i s bt u thc hin vic tnh cc m thoi cho thu bao gi. cc trm cng
cng c trang b my tnh cc, th c quan bu in cung cp tn hiu o cc cho
trm thun tin vic tnh cc.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 19

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
5. Tn hiu thoi:
Khi ta ni vo ng ni, ng ni bin i sng m thanh thnh dao ng in, tc
l thnh tn hiu in thoi. mt trong nhng yu cu quan trng ca in thoi l mc
r nt ca tn hiu. ch tiu ny lin quan cht ch ti c tnh ca tn hiu in thoi
l mc ng, di ng v bng tn in thoi.
5.1.
Mc ng:
Bit rng thnh gic c qun tnh, tai khng phn ng vi qu trnh tc thi ca m
m ch cm th sau mt khong thi gian nht nh gom cc nhn t ca m. vy ti
thi im ang xt, cm th thnh gic khng ch c xc nh bi cng sut tn hiu
ti thi im m cn bi cc gi tr va mi qua khng lu ca tn hiu. Vy mc
ng ca tn hiu in thoi l cm th thnh gic c c nh c tnh bnh qun trong
khong thi gian xc nh cc gi tr tc l thi gian san bng ca cc tn hiu .
5.2.
Di ng
Di ng ca tn hiu l khong cch gi tr ca mc ng nm gia mc ng cc

tiu v mc ng cc i.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 20

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
ngha: ngi ta c th bin i di ng bng phng php nn/gin di ng

tng t s tn hiu/tp m m bo tiu chun.
5.3.
r v hiu
a. r l t s gia phn t ting ni nhn ng u thu trn tng s phn t

ting ni truyn t u pht.
V d: ta ni vo in thoi 50 t m bn i phng ch nghe c 45 t th
r l: 45/50 * 100% =90%
b. hiu li tu thuc vo ch quan ca tng ngi.
Thng thng r t 85% th hiu rt tt, nu r gim di 70% th
hiu rt km.
trung thc truyn tn hiu thoi: l t s gia cc ging ni m ngi nghe
nhn bit ng trn tng s cc ging ni truyn t.
5.4.
Bng tn in thoi:
Qua qu trnh nghin cu, ngi ta thy rng nng lng ting ni con ngi ch tp
trung ln nht trong khong tn s t 300Hz 3400Hz v ngi ta hon ton nghe r,
cn trong khong tn s khc th nng lng khng ng k. Song bng tn cng m
rng th ting ni cng trung thc, cht lng m thanh cng cao. i vi in thoi ch
yu l yu cu nghe r, cn mc trung thc ca ting ni ch cn t ti mt mc
nht nh. Mt khc trong thng tin in thoi nu truyn c bng tn ting ni th yu
cu cc thit b h tr cng phi nng ln. c bit vi nhng thng tin nhiu knh, nu
truyn c bng tn ting ni th s ghp c t knh, v cc thit b u cui, cc trm
phi c yu cu k thut cao hn. Cho nn bng tn truyn dn ca in thoi hin
nay c chn t 300Hz 3400Hz, gi l bng tn truyn dn hiu dng ca in thoi.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 21

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Chng 2
KHI QUT V MY IN THOI
1. Nguyn l thng tin in thoi:
Thng tin in thoi l mt qu trnh truyn a tn hiu ting ni t ni ny n ni
khc, bng dng in thng qua my in thoi. my in thoi l mt dng thit b u
cui ca mng thng tin in thoi. qu trnh thng tin c minh ho nh sau:.
1.1.
S mng thng tin in thoi:
Bao gm cc thnh phn:

+ ng ni.
+ ng nghe.
+ Ngun in.
+ng dy in thoi.
Hnh 2.1: Nguyn l thng tin in thoi
1.2.
Nguyn l hot ng:
Khi ta ni trc ng ni ca my in thoi, dao ng m thanh ca ting ni s dao

ng vo mng rung ca ng ni lm cho ng ni thay i , xut hin dng in bin
i tng ng trong mch, dng in bin i ny c truyn qua ng dy ti ng
nghe ca my b gi lm cho mng rung ca ng nghe dao ng v pht ra m thanh tc
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 22

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
ng n tai ngui nghe, qu trnh truyn ting ni t ngui b gi tr li ngi gi

cng din ra tng t nh qu trnh gi .
2. Nhng chc nng c bn ca my in thoi:

2.1.
Chc nng bo hiu: Bo cho ngi s dng in thoi bit tng i sn sng
tip nhn hoc cha tip nhn cuc gi bng cc m hiu: Tone mi quay
s, Tone bo bn.
2.2.
Pht m s ca thu bao b gi vo tng i bng cch thu bao ch gi n

phm s ca thu bao b gi trn my in thoi.
2.3.
Thng bo cho ngi s dng in thoi bit tnh trng din bin vic kt ni
mch bng cc m hiu hi m chung, m bo bn.
2.4.
Bo hiu bng chung ku, tn hiu nhc cho thu bao b gi bit l c
ngi ang gi cho mnh.
2.5.
Bin m thanh thnh tn hiu in pht sang my b gi v chuyn tn hiu t

my b gi ti thnh m thanh.
2.6.
Bo hiu cuc gi kt thc.
2.7.
T ng iu chnh m lng v phi hp tr khng vi ng dy.
2.8.
Mt s chc nng khc: C h thng vi x l, h thng ghi m mm hnh v

cc h thng h tr truyn dn lm cho my c nhiu dch v tin li nh:
+ Chuyn tn hiu tnh cc n tng i
+ Gi rt ngn a ch.
+ Nh s thu bao c bit.
+ Gi li
3. Nhng yu cu c bn v my in thoi
a. Khi thu pht tn hiu chung th b phn m thoi phi c tch ri ng
in, trn ng ch cn tn hiu chung.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 23

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
b. Khi m thoi th b phn pht v tip nhn tn hiu chung phi c tch ra
khi ng in, trn ng dy ch cn dng in thoi.
c. My phi pht c m s thu bao b gi ti tng i v phi nhn c tn hiu
chung t tng i a ti.
d. Trng thi ngh my thng trc n nhn tn hiu chung t tng i. Ngoi ra
my cn phi c ch to ngn gn, nh, n gin, bn, p, tin li cho mi
ngi s dng
4. Phn loi my in thoi:

4.1.
Chc nng:
L mt thit b u cui (terminal - equipment), c chc nng:

Chuyn i qua li gia ting ni v dng in truyn trn dy dn.
Gi cc s quay n tng i x l.
Nhn cc tn hiu gi t i phng gi n (chung ku).
Quay li s my gi sau cng (redial)
Ghi m cuc m thoi ang din ra.
Ci bc in thoi thng bo n ngi gi (trong trng hp vng nh).
Lu tr s in thoi i phng vo b nh.
Kim gi cuc m thoi v pht tn hiu ch (tn hiu nhc)
4.2.
Phn loi:
Chia lm hai loi:

4.2.1. My in thoi c in:
L loi my dung a quay s, khi quay s n s pht ra tn hiu dng xung vi loi
my ny chc nng cung cp dch v b gii hn. N c kh nng m thoi, nhn
chung m khng m c cc chc nng khc.
4.2.2. My in thoi in t:
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 24

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
L loi my dung nt n gi s. Vi loi my ny cung cp c nhiu chc nng

dch v hn, c dng rng ri hin hay v c rt nhiu chng loi, ngoi nhng chc
nng c bn ca mt my in thoi th cn c thm nhng chc nng m rng.
4.2.3. My in thoi n phm thng thng:
m thoi.
Quay s dng ch .
o
T: Tone
P: Pulse
Rung chung in t.
Gi li s sau cng (Redial).
m thoi khng dng t hp (spker phone).
Km gi v pht nhc (hold on music)
Lu tr s in thoi vo b nh.
iu chnh m lng nghe.
iu chnh m lng chung.
Ly li m hiu mi quay s m khng cn gc t hp (chc nng ca

nt flash)
Trong cc loi my ny cng ty tng kiu m c th thm bt i mt vi chc

nng lit k.
4.2.4. My in thoi n phm c mn hnh
Hin th thi gian nh mt ng h trn mn hnh tinh th lng .
Hin th s thu bao b gi khi tin hnh quay s.
Hin th khong thi gian ca cuc m thoi.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 25

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Hin th trng thi my trong qu trnh s dng.
4.2.5. My in thoi n phm c ghi m:
Ci t vo my bc in bo tin vng nh v tr li t ng khi c

i phng gi n.
T ng ghi nhn cc thng tin ca i phng gi n, sau khi tr li

bc in bo tin vng nh.
iu khin thay i bc in ci t, nghe cc bc in ca i phng

xa (Remote control) v gn (Local control).
4.2.6. My in thoi n phm khng day:

Thit lp cuc gi ni b gia my chnh (Base Unit) v my cm tay
(Portable Unit)
Thit lp cuc gi ra ng dy t my cm tay hoc t my chnh.
Nhn cuc gi t bn ngoi trn my chnh hay my cm tay.
C ly lin lc t my cm tay n my chnh ty thuc vo nh sn xut
v mi trng lin lc.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 26

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
CHNG 3:
Gii thiu v vi iu khin 8051
1. Gii thiu chung
B Vi x l c kh nng vt bc so vi cc h thng khc v kh nng tnh ton, x
l, v thay i chng trnh linh hot theo mc ch ngi dng, c bit hiu qu i
vi cc bi ton v h thng ln.Tuy nhin i vi cc ng dng nh, tm tnh ton
khng i hi kh nng tnh ton ln th vic ng dng vi x l cn cn nhc. Bi v
h thng d ln hay nh, nu dng vi x l th cng i hi cc khi mch in giao
tip phc tp nh nhau. Cc khi ny bao gm b nh cha d liu v chng trnh
thc hin, cc mch in giao tip ngoi vi xut nhp v iu khin tr li, cc khi
ny cng lin kt vi vi x l th mi thc hin c cng vic. kt ni cc khi
ny i hi ngi thit k phi hiu bit tinh tng v cc thnh phn vi x l, b nh,
cc thit b ngoi vi. H thng c to ra kh phc tp, chim nhiu khng gian, mch
in phc tp v vn chnh l trnh ngi thit k. Kt qu l gi thnh sn phm
cui cng rt cao, khng ph hp p dng cho cc h thng nh.
V mt s nhc im trn nn cc nh ch to tch hp mt t b nh v mt s
mch giao tip ngoi vi cng vi vi x l vo mt IC duy nht c gi l
Microcontroller-Vi iu khin. Vi iu khin c kh nng tng t nh kh nng ca vi
x l, nhng cu trc phn cng dnh cho ngi dng n gin hn nhiu. Vi iu
khin ra i mang li s tin li i vi ngi dng, h khng cn nm vng mt khi
lng kin thc qu ln nh ngi dng vi x l, kt cu mch in dnh cho ngi
dng cng tr nn n gin hn nhiu v c kh nng giao tip trc tip vi cc thit b
bn ngoi. Vi iu khin tuy c xy dng vi phn cng dnh cho ngi s dng n
gin hn, nhng thay vo li im ny l kh nng x l b gii hn (tc x l chm
hn v kh nng tnh ton t hn, dung lng chng trnh b gii hn). Thay vo , Vi
iu khin c gi thnh r hn nhiu so vi vi x l, vic s dng n gin, do n
c ng dng rng ri vo nhiu ng dng c chc nng n gin, khng i hi
tnh ton phc tp.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 27

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Vi iu khin c ng dng trong cc dy chuyn t ng loi nh, cc robot c

chc nng n gin, trong my git, t v.v...
Nm 1976 Intel gii thiu b vi iu khin (microcontroller) 8748, mt chip tng t
nh cc b vi x l v l chip u tin trong h MCS-48. phc tp, kch thc v
kh nng ca Vi iu khin tng thm mt bc quan trng vo nm 1980 khi intel
tung ra chip 8051, b Vi iu khin u tin ca h MCS-51 v l chun cng ngh cho
nhiu h Vi iu khin c sn xut sau ny. Sau rt nhiu h Vi iu khin ca
nhiu nh ch to khc nhau ln lt c a ra th trng vi tnh nng c ci tin
ngy cng mnh.
2. ng dng ca vi iu khin
V c bn, vi iu khin rt n gin. Chng ch bao gm ti thiu mt s thnh
phn sau:
- Mt b vi x l ti gin c s dng nh b no ca h thng
- Ty theo cng ngh ca mi hng sn xut, c th c thm b nh, cc chn
nhp/xut tn hiu, b m, b nh thi, cc b chuyn i tng t/s (A/D),
- Tt c chng c t trong mt v chp tiu chun.
- Mt phn mm n gin c th iu khin c ton b hot ng ca vi iu
khin v c th d dng cho ngi s dng nm bt.
Da trn nguyn tc c bn trn, rt nhiu h vi iu khin c pht trin v
ng dng mt cch thm lng nhng mnh m vo mi mt ca i sng ca con ngi.
Mt s ng dng c bn thnh cng c th k ra sau y:
- Nhng thnh phn in t c nhng vo vi iu khin c th trc tip hoc qua
cc thit b vo ra (cng tc, nt bm, cm bin, LCD, r le, ) iu khin rt nhiu
thit b v h thng nh thit b t ng trong cng nghip, iu khin nhit , dng
in, ng c,
- Gi thnh rt thp khin cho chng c nhng vo rt nhiu thit b thng minh
trong i sng con ngi nh ti vi, my git, iu ha nhit , my nghe nhc,
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 28

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
3. Hot ng ca vi iu khin
Mc d c rt nhiu h vi iu khin c pht trin cng nh nhiu chng trnh
iu khin to ra cho chng, nhng tt c chng vn c mt s im chung c bn. Do
nu ta hiu cn k mt h th vic tm hiu thm mt h vi iu khin mi l hon
ton n gin. Mt kch bn chung cho hot ng ca mt vi iu khin nh sau:
Khi khng c ngun in cung cp, vi iu khin ch l mt con chip c
chng trnh np sn vo trong v khng c hot ng g xy ra.
Khi c ngun in, mi hot ng bt u c xy ra vi tc cao. n v
iu khin logic c nhim v iu khin tt c mi hot ng. N kha tt c cc
mch khc, tr mch giao ng thch anh. Sau mini giy u tin tt c sn
sng hot ng.
in p ngun nui t n gi tr ti a ca n v tn s giao ng tr nn n
nh. Cc bit ca cc thanh ghi SFR cho bit trng thi ca tt c cc mch trong
vi iu khin. Ton b vi iu khin hot ng theo chu k ca chui xung chnh.
Thanh ghi b m chng trnh (Program Counter) c xa v 0. Cu lnh t
a ch ny c gi ti b gii m lnh sau c thc thi ngay lp tc.
Gi tr trong thanh ghi PC c tng ln 1 v ton b qu trnh c lp li vi
triu ln trong mt giy.
Hnh 3-1. Cu trc chung h VK

SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 29

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
4. Cu trc chung ca vi iu khin

Nh ta thy, tt c cc hot ng trong cc vi iu khin c thc hin tc cao
v kh n gin, nhng vi iu khin chnh n s khng c tht s hu ch nu khng
c mch c bit lm cho n hon thin. C mt s mch c th sau y.
+ Read Only Memory (ROM)
Read Only Memory (ROM) l mt loi b nh c s dng lu vnh vin cc
chng trnh c thc thi. Kch c ca chng trnh c th c vit ph thuc vo
kch c ca b nh ny. ROM c th c tch hp trong vi iu khin hay thm vo
nh l mt chip gn bn ngoi, ty thuc vo loi vi iu khin. C hai ty chn c mt
s nhc im. Nu ROM c thm vo nh l mt chip bn ngoi, cc vi iu khin
l r hn v cc chng trnh c th tn ti lu hn ng k. Nhng ng thi, lm gim
s lng cc chn vo/ra vi iu khin s dng vi mc ch khc.
ROM ni thng l nh hn v t tin hn, nhng l ghim thm c sn kt ni
vi mi trng ngoi vi. Kch thc ca dy ROM t 512B n 64KB
+ Random Access Memory (RAM)
Random Access Memory (RAM) l mt loi b nh s dng cho cc d liu lu tr
tm thi v kt qu trung gian c to ra v c s dng trong qu trnh hot ng
ca b vi iu khin. Ni dung ca b nh ny b xa mt khi ngun cung cp b tt.
+ Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM)
EEPROM l mt kiu c bit ca b nh ch c mt s loi vi iu khin. Ni
dung ca n c th c thay i trong qu trnh thc hin chng trnh (tng t nh
RAM), nhng vn cn lu gi vnh vin, ngay c sau khi mt in (tng t nh
ROM). N thng c dng lu tr cc gi tr c to ra v c s dng trong
qu trnh hot ng (nh cc gi tr hiu chun, m, cc gi tr m, v.v..), m cn
phi c lu sau khi ngun cung cp ngt. Mt bt li ca b nh ny l qu trnh ghi
vo l tng i chm.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 30

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Hnh 4-1 Giao tip b nh

+ Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit (SFR)
Thanh ghi chc nng c bit (Special Function Registers) l mt phn ca b nh
RAM. Mc ch ca chng c nh trc bi nh sn xut v khng th thay i
c. Cc bit ca chng c lin kt vt l ti cc mch trong vi iu khin nh b
chuyn i A/D, modul truyn thng ni tip, Mi s thay i trng thi ca cc bit
s tc ng ti hot ng ca vi iu khin hoc cc vi mch.
+ B m chng trnh (PC:Program Counter)
B m chng trnh cha a ch ch n nh cha cu lnh tip theo s c
kch hot. Sau mi khi thc hin lnh, gi tr ca b m c tng ln 1. V l do
nn chng trnh ch thc hin c c tng lnh trong mt thi im.
+ Central Processor Unit (CPU)
y l mt n v c nhim v iu khin v gim st tt c cc hot ng bn trong
vi iu khin v ngi s dng khng th tc ng vo hot ng ca n. N bao gm
mt s n v con nh hn, trong quan trng nht l:
- Instruction decoder is a part of the electronics which recognizes program
instructions and runs other circuits on the basis of that. The abilities of this circuit are
expressed in the "instruction set" which is different for each microcontroller family.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 31

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
- B gii m lnh c nhim v nhn dng cu lnh v iu khin cc mch khc theo
lnh gii m. Vic gii m pcj thc hin nh c tp lnh instruction set. Mi h
vi iu khin thng c cc tp lnh khc nhau.
- Arithmetical Logical Unit (ALU) Thc thi tt c cc thao tc tnh ton s hc v
logic.
- Thanh ghi tch ly (Accumulator) l mt thanh ghi SFR lin quan mt thit vi
hot ng ca ALU. N lu tr tt c cc d liu cho qu trnh tnh ton v lu gi tr
kt qu chun b cho cc tnh ton tip theo. Mt trong cc thanh ghi SFR khc c
gi l thanh ghi trng thi (Status Register) cho bit trng thi ca cc gi tr lu trong
thanh ghi tch ly.
+ Cc cng vo/ra (I/O Ports)
vi iu khin c th hot ng hu ch, n cn c s kt ni vi cc thit b ngoi
vi. Mi vi iu khin s c mt hoc mt s thanh ghi (c gi l cng) c kt ni
vi cc chn ca vi iu khin.
Hnh 4-2. Vo ra vi thit b ngoi vi

Chng c gi l cng vo/ra (I/O port) bi v chng c th thay i chc nng,
chiu vo/ra theo yu cu ca ngi dng.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 32

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
+ B dao ng (Oscillator)
Hnh 4-3 ghp ni b dao ng

B dao ng ng vai tr nhc trng lm nhim v ng b ha hot ng ca tt
c cc mch bn trong vi iu khin. N thng c to bi thch anh hoc gm n
nh tn s. Cc lnh khng c thc thi theo tc ca b dao ng m thng chm
hn, bi v mi cu lnh c thc hin qua nhiu bc. Mi loi vi iu khin cn s
chu k khc nhau thc hin lnh.
+ B nh thi/m (Timers/Counters)
Hu ht cc chng trnh s dng cc b nh thi trong hot ng ca mnh. Chng
thng l cc thanh ghi SFR 8 hoc 16 bit, sau mi xung dao ng clock, gi tr ca
chng c tng ln. Ngay khi thanh ghi trn, mt ngt s c pht sinh.
Hnh 4-4. B nh thi/m
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 33

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
+ Truyn thng ni tip
Hnh 4-5. Truyn nhn ni tip

Kt ni song song gia vi iu khin v thit b ngoi vi c thc hin qua cc
cng vo/ra l gii php l tng vi khong cch ngn trong vi mt. Tuy nhin khi
cn truyn thng gia cc thit b khong cch xa th khng th dng kt ni song
song, v vy truyn thng ni tip l gii php tt nht.
Ngy nay, hu ht cc vi iu khin c mt s b iu khin truyn thng ni tip
nh mt trang b tiu chun. Chng c s dng ph thuc vo nhiu yu t khc nhau
nh:
- Bao nhiu thit b vi iu khin mun trao i d liu
- Tc trao i d liu
- Khong cch truyn
- Truyn/nhn d liu ng thi hay khng?
+ Chng trnh
Khng ging nh cc mch tch hp, ch cn kt ni cc thnh phn vi nhau v bt
ngun, vi iu khin cn phi lp trnh trc. vit mt chng trnh cho vi iu
khin, c mt vi ngn ng lp trnh bc thp c th s dng nh Assembly, C hay
Basic. Vit mt chng trnh bao gm vic vit cc cu lnh n gin theo mt th t
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 34

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
chng c th thc thi. C rt nhiu phn mm chy trn mi trng Windows cho
php xy dng cc chng trnh hon chnh cho cc h vi iu khin.
5. Kin trc vi iu khin 8051

5.1.
Chun 8051
H vi iu khin MCS-51 do Intel sn xut u tin vo nm 1980 l cc IC thit

k cho cc ng dng hng iu khin. Cc IC ny chnh l mt h thng vi x l
hon chnh bao gm cc cc thnh phn ca h vi x l: CPU, b nh, cc mch
giao tip, iu khin ngt.
MCS-51 l h vi iu khin s dng c ch CISC (Complex Instruction Set
Computer), c di v thi gian thc thi ca cc lnh khc nhau. Tp lnh cung
cp cho MCS-51 c cc lnh dng cho iu khin xut/nhp tc ng n tng bit.
MCS-51 bao gm nhiu vi iu khin khc nhau, b vi iu khin u tin l 8051
c 4KB ROM, 128 byte RAM v 8031, khng c ROM ni, phi s dng b nh
ngoi. Sau ny, cc nh sn xut khc nh Siemens, Fujitsu, cng c cp
php lm nh cung cp th hai.
MCS-51 bao gm nhiu phin bn khc nhau, mi phin bn sau tng thm mt
s thanh ghi iu khin hot ng ca MCS-51.
Hnh 5-1.Kin trc vi iu khin 8051
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 35

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
AT89C51 l vi iu khin do Atmel sn xut, ch to theo cng ngh CMOS c

cc c tnh nh sau:
-4 KB PEROM (Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory), c kh
nng ti 1000 chu k ghi xo
-
Tn s hot ng t: 0Hz n 24 MHz
3 mc kha b nh lp trnh
128 Byte RAM ni.
4 Port xut /nhp I/O 8 bit.
2 b Timer/counter 16 Bit.
6 ngun ngt.
Giao tip ni tip iu khin bng phn cng.
64 KB vng nh m ngoi
64 KB vng nh d liu ngoi.
Cho php x l bit.
210 v tr nh c th nh v bit.
4 chu k my (4 s i vi thch anh 12MHz) cho hot ng nhn hoc chia.
C cc ch ngh (Low-power Idle) v ch ngun gim (Power-down).
Ngoi ra, mt s IC khc ca h MCS-51 c thm b nh thi th 3 v 256
byte RAM ni.
5.2.
Chn vi iu khin 8051
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 36

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Hnh 5-2. S chn VK AT89C51
Chip AT89C51 c cc tn hiu iu khin cn phi lu nh sau:

Tn hiu vo /EA trn chn 31 thng t ln mc cao ( +5V) hoc mc thp
(GND). Nu mc cao, 8951 thi hnh chng trnh t ROM ni trong khong a ch
thp (4K hoc ti a 8k i vi 89C52). Nu mc thp, chng trnh c thi hnh t
b nh m rng (ti a n 64Kbyte). Ngoi ra ngi ta cn dng /EA lm chn cp
in p 12V khi lp trnh EEPROM trong 8051.
+ Chn PSEN (Program store enable):
PSEN l chn tn hiu ra trn chn 29. N l tn hiu iu khin cho php chng
trnh m rng, PSEN thng c ni n chn /OE (Output Enable) ca mt EPROM
hoc ROM cho php c cc bytes m lnh.
Hy nh rng : bnh thng chn /PSEN s c th trng ( No Connect).Ch
khi no cho /EA mc thp th lc : /PSEN s mc thp trong thi gian ly lnh.
Cc m nh phn ca chng trnh c ly t EPROM qua bus d liu v c cht
vo thanh ghi lnh ca 8951 gii m lnh. /PSEN mc th ng (mc cao) nu thi
hnh chng trnh trong ROM ni ca 8951.
+ CC CHN NGUN:
AT89C51 hot ng ngun n +5V. Vcc c ni vo chn 40, v Vss
(GND) c ni vo chn 20.
Cng vo/ra
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 37

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Tt c cc vi iu khin 8051 u c 4 cng vo/ra 8 bit c th thit lp nh cng vo

hoc ra. Nh vy c tt c 32 chn I/O cho php vi iu khin c th kt ni vi cc
thit b ngoi vi.
Hnh 5-3. Cng vo/ra
Hnh 5-4. Xut mc
+ Chn vo/ra (I/O)

Hnh trn m t s n gin ca mch bn trong cc chn vi iu khin
tr cng P0 l khng c in tr ko ln (pull-up).
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 38

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Hnh 5-5. Tr treo ni ti chn p0

+ Chn ra
Mt mc logic 0 t vo bit ca thanh ghi P lm cho transistor m, ni chn
tng ng vi t.
Hnh 5-6. xut mc 1
+ Chn vo
Mt bit 1 t vo mt bit ca thanh ghi cng, transistor ng v chn tng ng
c ni vi ngun Vcc qua tr ko ln.
+ Port 0
Port 0 l port c 2 chc nng cc chn 32 39 ca AT89C51:
- Chc nng I/O (xut/nhp): dng cho cc thit k nh. Tuy nhin, khi dng
chc nng ny th Port 0 phi dng thm cc in tr ko ln (pull-up), gi tr
ca in tr ph thuc vo thnh phn kt ni vi Port.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 39

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
- Khi dng lm ng vo, Port 0 phi c set mc logic 1 trc .

- Chc nng a ch / d liu a hp: khi dng cc thit k ln, i hi phi s
dng b nh ngoi th Port 0 va l bus d liu (8 bit) va l bus a ch (8 bit
thp).
Ngoi ra khi lp trnh cho AT89C51, Port 0 cn dng nhn m khi lp trnh v
xut m khi kim tra (qu trnh kim tra i hi phi c in tr ko ln).
+ Port 1:
Port1 (chn 1 8) ch c mt chc nng l I/O, khng dng cho mc ch khc (ch
trong 8032/8052/8952 th dng thm P1.0 v P1.1 cho b nh thi th 3). Ti
Port 1 c in tr ko ln nn khng cn thm in tr ngoi.
Port 1 c kh nng ko c 4 ng TTL v cn dng lm 8 bit a ch thp
trong qu trnh lp trnh hay kim tra.
Khi dng lm ng vo, Port 1 phi c set mc logic 1 trc .
+ Port 2:
Port 2 (chn 21 28) l port c 2 chc nng:
- Chc nng I/O (xut / nhp)
- Chc nng a ch: dng lm 8 bit a ch cao khi cn b nh ngoi c a ch
16 bit. Khi , Port 2 khng c dng cho mc ch I/O.
- Khi dng lm ng vo, Port 2 phi c set mc logic 1 trc .
- Khi lp trnh, Port 2 dng lm 8 bit a ch cao hay mt s tn hiu iu khin.
+ Port 3:
Port 3 (chn 10 17) l port c 2 chc nng:
- Chc nng I/O. Khi dng lm ng vo, Port 3 phi c set mc logic 1 trc
.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 40

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
- Chc nng khc: m t nh sau:
Bit
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7
Tn
RxD
TxD
INT0
INT1
T0
T1
WR
RD
Chc nng
Ng vo port ni tip
Ng ra port ni tip
Ngt ngoi 0
Ngt ngoi 1
Ng vo ca b nh thi 0
Ng vo ca b nh thi 1
Tn hiu iu khin ghi d liu ln b nh ngoi.
Tn hiu iu khin c t b nh d liu ngoi.
Bng 5-1. Chc nng cc chn ca Port 3
+ Cc chn ngun:
Chn 40: VCC = 5V 20% Chn 20: GND
+ /PSEN (Program Store Enable):
/PSEN (chn 29) cho php c b nh chng trnh m rng i vi cc ng
dng s dng ROM ngoi, thng c ni n chn /OC (Output Control)

ca ROM c cc byte m lnh. /PSEN s mc logic 0 trong thi gian
AT89C51 ly lnh.Trong qu trnh ny, / PSEN s tch cc 2 ln trong 1 chu k
my.
M lnh ca chng trnh c c t ROM thng qua bus d liu (Port0) v
bus a ch (Port0 + Port2).
Khi 8051 thi hnh chng trnh trong ROM ni, PSEN s mc logic 1.
+ ALE/ PROG (Address Latch Enable / Program):
ALE/ PROG (chn 30) cho php tch cc ng a ch v d liu ti Port 0
khi truy xut b nh ngoi. ALE thng ni vi chn Clock ca IC cht
(74373,74573). Cc xung tn hiu ALE c tc bng 1/6 ln tn s dao ng trn
chip v c th c dng lm tn hiu clock cho cc phn khc ca h thng.
Xung ny c th cm bng cch set bit 0 ca SFR ti a ch 8Eh ln 1. Khi ,
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 41

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
ALE ch c tc dng khi dng lnh MOVX hay MOVC. Ngoi ra, chn ny cn
c dng lm ng vo xung lp trnh cho ROM ni ( /PROG ).
+ EA /VPP (External Access) :
EA (chn 31) dng cho php thc thi chng trnh t ROM ngoi. Khi ni
chn 31 vi Vcc, AT89C51 s thc thi chng trnh t ROM ni (ti a 8KB),
ngc li th thc thi t ROM ngoi (ti a 64KB).
Ngoi ra, chn /EA c ly lm chn cp ngun 12V khi lp trnh cho ROM.
+ RST (Reset):
RST (chn 9) cho php reset AT89C51 khi ng vo tn hiu a ln mc
1 trong t nht l 2 chu k my.
+ X1, X2:
Ng vo v ng ra b dao ng, khi s dng c th ch cn kt ni thm thch
anh v cc t nh hnh v trong s . Tn s thch anh thng s dng
cho AT89C51 l 12Mhz.
Gi tr C1, C2 = 30 pF 10 pF
Hnh 5-7 S kt ni thch anh
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 42

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
5.2.
T chc b nh 8051
B nh trong
B nh ngoi
ROM 4KB
0000h 0FFFh
B nh chng trnh 64 KB
0000h FFFFh
iu khin bng PSEN
RAM 128 byte

00h 7Fh
B nh d liu 64 KB
0000h FFFFh
iu khin bng RD v WR
SFR
80h 0FFh
Hnh 3-14. Cc vng nh trong AT89C51
B nh ca h MCS-51 c th chia thnh 2 phn: b nh trong v b nh

ngoi. B nh trong bao gm 4 KB ROM v 128 byte RAM (256 byte trong
8052). Cc byte RAM c a ch t 00h 7Fh v cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit
(SFR) c a ch t 80h 0FFh c th truy xut trc tip. i vi 8052, 128 byte
RAM cao (a ch t 80h 0FFh) khng th truy xut trc tip m ch c th truy xut
gin tip (xem thm trong phn tp lnh).
B nh ngoi bao gm b nh chng trnh (iu khin c bng tn hiu
PSEN ) v b nh d liu (iu khin bng tn hiu RD hay WR cho php
c hay ghi d liu). Do s ng a ch ca MCS-51 l 16 bit (Port 0 cha 8 bit

thp v Port 2 cha 8 bit cao) nn b nh ngoi c th gii m ti a l 64KB.
5.3.1. T chc b nh trong
B nh trong ca MCS-51 gm ROM v RAM. RAM bao gm nhiu vng c mc
ch khc nhau: vng RAM a dng (a ch byte t 30h 7Fh v c thm vng
80h 0FFh ng vi 8052), vng c th a ch ha tng bit (a ch byte t 20h
2Fh, gm 128 bit c nh a ch bit t 00h 7Fh), cc bank thanh ghi (t
00h 1Fh) v cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit (t 80h 0FFh).
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 43

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
+ Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit (SFR Special Function Registers):

a
ch
byte
F8h
F0h
C th
nh a
ch bit
Khng nh a
ch bit
E8h
E0h
ACC
D8h
D0h
PSW
C8h
(T2CON)
(RCAP2L) (RCAP2H) (TL2) (TH2)
C0h
B8h
IP
B0h
P3
A8h
IE
A0h
P2
98h
SCON
90h
P1
88h
80h
SADEN
SADDR
SBUF
BRL
BDRCON
TCON
TMOD
TL0
TH0
P0
SP
DPL
DPH
TL1
TH1
AUXR CKCON
PCON
Bng 3-2. Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit
Cc thanh ghi c th nh a ch bit s c a ch bit bt u v a ch byte

trng nhau. V d nh: thanh ghi P0 c a ch byte l 80h v c a ch bit bt
u t 80h (ng vi P0.0) n 87h (ng vi P0.7). Chc nng cc thanh ghi ny
s m t trong phn sau.
+ RAM ni:
chia thnh cc vng phn bit: vng RAM a dng (30h 7Fh), vng RAM
c th nh a ch bit (20h 2Fh) v cc bank thanh ghi (00h 1Fh).
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 44

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
a ch byte
a ch bit
Chc nng
7F
Vng RAM a dng
30
2F
2E
2D
2C
2B
2A
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
1F
18
7F
77
6F
67
5F
57
4F
47
3F
37
2F
27
1F
17
0F
07
7E
76
6E
66
5E
56
4E
46
3E
36
2E
26
1E
16
0E
06
7C
74
6C
64
5C
54
4C
44
3C
34
2C
24
1C
14
0C
04
7B
73
6B
63
5B
53
4B
43
3B
33
2B
23
1B
13
0B
03
7A
72
6A
62
5A
52
4A
42
3A
32
2A
22
1A
12
0A
02
79
71
69
61
59
51
49
41
39
31
29
21
19
11
09
01
78
70
68
60
58
50
48
40
38
30
28
20
18
10
08
00
Vng c th nh a ch bit
Bank 3
17
10
1F
08
07
00
7D
75
6D
65
5D
55
4D
45
3D
35
2D
25
1D
15
0D
05
Bank 2
Cc bank thanh ghi
Bank 1
Bank thanh ghi 0 ( mc nh cho R0-R7)
Bng 3-3. a ch RAM ni 8051
+ RAM a dng:
RAM a dng c 80 byte t a ch 30h 7Fh c th truy xut mi ln 8
bit bng cch dng ch a ch trc tip hay gin tip.
Cc vng a ch thp t 00h 2Fh cng c th s dng cho mc ich nh trn ngoi
cc chc nng cp nh phn sau.
+ RAM c th nh a ch bit:
Vng a ch t 20h 2Fh gm 16 byte (= 128 bit) c th thc hin ging nh
vng RAM a dng (mi ln 8 bit) hay thc hin truy xut mi ln 1 bit bng cc lnh
x l bit. Vng RAM ny c cc a ch bit bt u ti gi tr 00h v kt thc ti
7Fh.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 45

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Nh vy, a ch bt u 20h (gm 8 bit) c a ch bit t 00h 07h; a ch

kt thc 2Fh c a ch bit t 78h Fh.
+ Cc bank thanh ghi:
Vng a ch t 00h 1Fh c chia thnh 4 bank thanh ghi: bank 0 t 00h07h, bank 1 t 08h 0Fh, bank 2 t 10h 17h v bank 3 t 18h 1Fh. Cc
bank thanh ghi ny c i din bng cc thanh ghi t R0 n R7. Sau khi khi
ng h thng th bank thanh ghi c s dng l bank 0.
Do c 4 bank thanh ghi nn ti mt thi im ch c mt bank thanh ghi c
truy xut bi cc thanh ghi R0 n R7. Vic thay i bank thanh ghi c th thc
hin thng qua thanh ghi t trng thi chng trnh (PSW). Cc bank thanh ghi
ny cng c th truy xut bnh thng nh vng RAM a dng ni trn.
5.3.2. T chc b nh ngoi
MCS-51 c b nh theo cu trc Harvard: phn bit b nh chng trnh v d
liu. Chng trnh v d liu c th cha bn trong nhng vn c th kt ni
vi 64KB chng trnh v 64KB d liu. B nh chng trnh c truy xut
thng qua chn PSEN cn b nh d liu c truy xut thng qua chn WR hay
RD .
Lu rng vic truy xut b nh chng trnh lun lun s dng a ch 16 bit cn
b nh d liu c th l 8 bit hay 16 bit tu theo cu lnh s dng. Khi dng b nh d
liu 8 bit th c th dng Port 2 nh l Port I/O thng thng cn khi dng ch 16
bit th Port 2 ch dng lm cc bit a ch cao.
Port 0 c dng lm a ch thp/ d liu a hp. Tn hiu /ALE tch
byte a ch v a vo b cht ngoi.
Trong chu k ghi, byte d liu s tn ti Port 0 va trc khi /WR tch cc
v c gi cho n khi /WR khng tch cc.Trong chu k c, byte nhn c
chp nhn va trc khi /RD khng tch cc.
B nh chng trnh ngoi c x l 1 trong 2 iu kin sau:
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 46

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
- Tn hiu /EA tch cc ( = 0).

- Gi tr ca b m chng trnh (PC Program Counter) ln hn kch thc
b nh.
PCH: Program Counter High PCL: Program Counter Low

DPH: Data Pointer High DPL: Data Pointer Low
Hnh 5-8. Thc thi b nh chng trnh ngoi
+ B nh chng trnh ngoi:
Qu trnh thc thi lnh khi dng b nh chng trnh ngoi c th m t nh
Hnh 3-15. Thc thi b nh chng trnh ngoi. Trong qu trnh ny, Port 0 v Port
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 47

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
2 khng cn l cc Port xut nhp m cha a ch v d liu. S kt ni vi b nh

chng trnh ngoi m t nh Hnh 3-14. Cc vng nh trong AT89C51.
Trong mt chu k my, tn hiu ALE tch cc 2 ln. Ln th nht cho php
74HC573 m cng cht a ch byte thp, khi /ALE xung 0 th byte thp v byte cao
ca b m chng trnh u c nhng ROM cha xut v PSEN cha tch cc, khi
tn hiu ALE ln 1 tr li th Port 0 c d liu l m lnh. ALE tch cc ln th hai
c gii thch tng t v byte 2 c c t b nh chng trnh. Nu lnh ang
thc thi l lnh 1 byte th CPU ch c Opcode, cn byte th hai b qua.
+ B nh d liu ngoi:
B nh d liu ngoi c truy xut bng lnh MOVX thng qua cc thanh ghi
xc nh a ch DPTR (16 bit) hay R0, R1 (8 bit).
Qu trnh thc hin c hay ghi d liu c cho php bng tn hiu RD hay WR
(chn P3.7 v P3.6).
+ B nh chng trnh v d liu dng chung:
Trong cc ng dng pht trin phn mm xy dng da trn AT89C51, ROM s
c lp trnh nhiu ln nn d lm h hng ROM. Mt gii php t ra l s dng
RAM cha cc chng trnh tm thi. Khi , RAM va l b nh chng trnh
va l b nh d liu. Yu cu ny c th thc hin bng cch kt hp chn RD v
chn PSEN thng qua cng AND. Khi thc hin c m lnh, chn /PSEN tch cc
cho php c t RAM v khi c d liu, chn RD s tch cc.
+ Gii m a ch
Trong cc ng dng da trn AT89C51, ngoi giao tip b nh d liu, vi iu
khin cn thc hin giao tip vi cc thit b khc nh bn phm, led, ng c, Cc
thit b ny c th giao tip trc tip thng qua cc Port. Tuy nhin, khi s lng cc
thit b ln, cc Port s khng thc hin iu khin. Gii php a ra l xem cc
thit b ny ging nh b nh d liu. Khi , cn phi thc hin qu trnh gii m a
ch phn bit cc thit b ngoi vi khc nhau. Qu trnh gii m a ch thng c
thc hin thng qua cc IC gii m nh 74139 (2 -> 4), 74138 ( 3 -> 8), 74154 (4 ->
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 48

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
16). Ng ra ca cc IC gii m s c a ti chn chn chip ca RAM hay b m

khi iu khin ngoi vi.
5.3.3. Cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit (SFRs - Special Function
Registers)
+ Thanh ghi tch lu (Accumulator)
Thanh ghi tch lu l thanh ghi s dng nhiu nht trong AT89C51, c k hiu
trong cu lnh l A. Ngoi ra, trong cc lnh x l bit, thanh ghi tch lu c k hiu
l ACC.
Thanh ghi tch lu c th truy xut trc tip thng qua a ch E0h (byte) hay truy
xut tng bit thng qua a ch bit t E0h n E7h.
+ Thanh ghi B
Thanh ghi B dng cho cc php ton nhn, chia v c th dng nh
mtbthanh ghi tm, cha cc kt qu trung gian.
Thanh ghi B c a ch byte F0h v a ch bit t F0h F7h c th truy xut
ging nh thanh ghi A.
+ Thanh ghi t trng thi chng trnh (PSW - Program Status Word)
Thanh ghi t trng thi chng trnh PSW nm ti a ch D0h v c cc a
ch bit t D0h D7h, bao gm 7 bit (1 bit khng s dng) c cc chc nng nh
sau:
Bit
Chc
7
CY
6
AC
5
F0
4
RS1
3
RS0
2
OV
1
F1
0
P
nng
CY (Carry): c nh, thng c dng cho cc lnh ton hc khng du (C
= 1 khi c nh trong php cng hay mn trong php tr)
AC (Auxiliary Carry): c nh ph (thng dng cho cc php ton BCD).
F0 (Flag 0): c s dng tu theo yu cu ca ngi s dng.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 49

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
RS1, RS0: dng chn bank thanh ghi s dng. Khi reset h thng, bank 0 s
c s dng.
RS1 RS0 Bank thanh ghi
0
Bank 0
Bank 1
Bank 2
Bank 3
OV (Overflow): c trn. C OV = 1 khi c hin tng trn s hc xy ra (dng

cho s nguyn c du).
F1 (Flag 1): c s dng tu theo yu cu ca ngi s dng.
P (Parity): kim tra parity (l). C P = 1 khi tng s bit 1 trong thanh ghi A l s
l (ngha l tng s bit 1 ca thanh ghi A cng thm c P l s chn). V d nh: A =
10101010b c tng cng 4 bit 1 nn P = 0. C P thng c dng kim tra li
truyn d liu.
+ Thanh ghi con tr stack (SP Stack Pointer)
Con tr stack SP nm ti a ch 81h v khng cho php nh a ch bit. SP dng
ch n nh ca stack. Stack l mt dng b nh lu tr dng LIFO (Last In First
Out) thng dng lu tr a ch tr v khi gi mt chng trnh con. Ngoi ra, stack
cn dng nh b nh tm lu li v khi phc cc gi tr cn thit.
i vi AT89C51, stack c cha trong RAM ni (128 byte i vi
8031/8051 hay 256 byte i vi 8032/8052). Mc nh khi khi ng, gi tr ca SP l
07h, ngha l stack bt u t a ch 08h (do hot ng lu gi tr vo stack yu cu
phi tng ni dung thanh ghi SP trc khi lu). Nh vy, nu khng gn gi tr cho
thanh ghi SP th khng c s dng cc bank thanh ghi 1, 2, 3 v c th lm sai d
liu. i vi cc ng dng thng thng khng cn dng nhiu n stack, c th
khng cn khi ng SP m dng gi tr mc nh l 07h. Tuy nhin, nu cn, ta c
th xc nh li vng stack cho MCS-51.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 50

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
+ Con tr d liu DPTR (Data Pointer

Con tr d liu DPTR l thanh ghi 16 bit bao gm 2 thanh ghi 8 bit:
DPH (High) nm ti a ch 83h v DPL (Low) nm ti a ch 82h. Cc
thanh ghi ny khng cho php nh a ch bit. DPTR c dng khi truy xut n b
nh c a ch 16 bit.
+ Cc thanh ghi port
Cc thanh ghi P0 ti a ch 80h, P1 ti a ch 90h, P2, ti a ch A0h, P3 ti a
ch B0h l cc thanh ghi cht cho 4 port xut / nhp (Port 0, 1, 2, 3). Tt c cc thanh
ghi ny u cho php nh a ch bit trong a ch bit ca P0 t 80h 87h, P1 t
90h 97h, P2 t A0h A7h, P3 t B0h B7h. Cc a ch bit ny c th thay th
bng ton t a ch.
+ Thanh ghi port ni tip (SBUF - Serial Data Buffer)
Thanh ghi port ni tip ti a ch 99h thc cht bao gm 2 thanh ghi: thanh ghi
nhn v thanh ghi truyn. Nu d liu a ti SBUF th l thanh ghi truyn, nu
d liu c c t SBUF th l thanh ghi nhn. Cc thanh ghi ny khng cho php
nh a ch bit.
+ Cc thanh ghi nh thi (Timer Register)
Cc cp thanh ghi (TH0, TL0), (TH1, TL1) v (TH2, TL2) l cc thanh ghi dng
cho cc b nh thi 0, 1 v 2 trong b nh thi 2 ch c trong 8032/8052. Ngoi
ra, i vi h 8032/8052 cn c thm cp thanh ghi (RCAP2L, RCAP2H) s dng cho
b nh thi 2 (s tho lun trong phn hot ng nh thi).
+ Cc thanh ghi iu khin
Bao gm cc thanh ghi IP (Interrupt Priority), IE (Interrupt Enable), TMOD
(Timer Mode), TCON (Timer Control), T2CON (Timer 2 Control), SCON (Serial port
control) v PCON (Power control).
- Thanh ghi IP ti a ch B8h cho php chn mc u tin ngt khi c 2 ngt
xy ra ng thi. IP cho php nh a ch bit t B8h BFh.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 51

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
- Thanh ghi IE ti a ch A8h cho php hay cm cc ngt. IE c a ch bit t

A8h AFh.
-Thanh ghi TMOD ti a ch 89h dng chn ch hot ng cho cc b
nh thi (0, 1) v khng cho php nh a ch bit. - Thanh ghi TCON ti a ch
88h iu khin hot ng ca b nh thi v ngt. TCON c a ch bit t 88h
8Fh.
- Thanh ghi T2CON ti a ch C8h iu khin hot ng ca b nh thi
2. T2CON c a ch bit t C8h CFh.
-Thanh ghi SCON ti a ch 98h iu khin hot ng ca port ni tip.
SCON c a ch bit t 98h 9Fh.
Cc thanh ghi ni trn s c tho lun thm cc phn sau.
+ Thanh ghi iu khin ngun PCON
Thanh ghi PCON ti a ch 87h khng cho php nh a ch bit bao gm cc
bit nh sau:
Bit
Chc
7
6
5
SMOD1 SMOD0
nng
4
POF
3
GF1
2
GF0
1
PD
0
DL
SMOD1 (Serial Mode 1): = 1 cho php tng gp i tc port ni tip

trong ch 1, 2 v 3.
SMOD0 (Serial Mode 0): cho php chn bit SM0 hay FE trong thanh ghi
SCON ( = 1 chn bit FE).
POF (Power-off Flag): dng nhn dng loi reset. POF = 1 khi m
ngun. Do , xc nh loi reset, cn phi xo bit POF trc .
GF1, GF0 (General purpose Flag): cc bit c dnh cho ngi s dng.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 52

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
PD (Power Down): c xo bng phn cng khi hot ng reset xy ra. Khi
bit PD = 1 th vi iu khin s chuyn sang ch ngun gim. Trong ch ny:
-Ch c th thot khi ch ngun gim bng cch reset.
-Ni dung RAM v mc logic trn cc port c duy tr.
-Mch dao ng bn trong v cc chc nng khc ngng hot ng.
-Chn ALE v PSEN mc thp.
-Yu cu Vcc phi c in p t nht l 2V v phc hi Vcc = 5V t nht 10 chu
k trc khi chn RESET xung mc thp ln na.
IDL (Idle): c xo bng phn cng khi hot ng reset hay c ngt xy
ra. Khi bit IDL = 1 th vi iu khin s chuyn sang ch ngh. Trong ch ny:
-Ch c th thot khi ch ngun gim bng cch reset hay c ngt xy ra.
- Trng thi hin hnh ca vi iu khin c duy tr v ni dung cc thanh ghi
khng i.
- Mch dao ng bn trong khng gi c tn hiu n CPU.
- Chn ALE v PSEN mc cao.
Lu rng cc bit iu khin PD v IDL c tc dng chnh trong tt c cc IC
h MSC-51 nhng ch c th thc hin c trong cc phin bn CMOS.
5.3.4. B m v b nh thi
nh thi l s hot ng kim sot thi gian thc thi cc cu lnh trong qu
trnh x l ca vi iu khin.
8051 c hai b nh thi/ b m. Chng c th c dng nh cc b nh thi
to mt b tr thi gian hoc nh cc b m m cc s kin xy ra bn ngoi
b VK. Cc timer ny u l timer 16bit, gi tr m c tnh t 0 n 216 (m
t 0 n 65535).
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 53

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Hai timer c nguyn l hot ng hon ton ging nhau v c lp. Sau khi cho
php chy, mi khi c thm mt xung ti u vo m, gi tr ca timer s t ng
c tng ln 1 n v, c nh vy cho n khi gi tr tng ln vt qu gi tr 65535
m thanh ghi m c th biu din th gi tr m li c a tr v gi tr 0
Vic cho timer chy/dng c thc hin bi cc bit TR trong thanh ghi TCON
(nh a ch n tng bit).
Cc timer c th hot ng theo nhiu ch , c quy nh bi cc bit trong
thanh ghi TMOD.
5.3.5. Truyn thng khng ng b (UART)
8051 c 1 cng UART lm vic chun TTL, mc nh sau khi khi ng tt cc
cng ca 8051 du lm vic ch vo ra s, v th c th s dng UART cn
phi cu hnh cho cng ny lm vic thng qua cc thanh ghi iu khin v ghp ni
tng thch vi chun rs232.
Hnh 3-16 - Ghp ni RS232 vi

8051
Cng ni tip trong 8051 ch yu c dng trong cc ng dng c yu cu truyn

thng vi my tnh, hoc vi mt vi iu khin khc. Lin quan n cng ni tip ch
yu c 2 thanh ghi: SCON v SBUF. Ngoi ra, mt thanh ghi khc l thanh ghi PCON
(khng nh a ch bit) c bit 7 tn l SMOD quy nh tc truyn ca cng ni
tip c gp i ln (SMOD = 1) hay khng (SMOD = 0).
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 54

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
D liu c truyn nhn ni tip thng qua hai chn cng P3.0(RxD) v
P3.1(TxD).
5.3.6. Ngt vi iu khin 8051
8051 h tr 5 loi ngt, mi ngt c mt vector ngt ring, l mt a ch c
nh nm trong b nh chng trnh. Khi xy ra ngt CPU s t ng nhy n thc
hin lnh thuc a ch ny.
Lin quan n ngt ch yu c hai thanh ghi l thanh ghi IE v thanh ghi IP. Thanh
ghi IE l thanh ghi nh a ch bit, do c th dng cc lnh tc ng bit tc
ng ring r ln tng bit m khng lm nh hng n gi tr cc bit khc. cho
php mt ngt, bit tng ng vi ngt v bit EA phi c t bng
5.4.
Lp trnh hp ng cho 8051
Lp trnh cho vi iu khin cng tng t nh lp trnh cho my tnh, bn cht

l ta gia lnh cho vi iu khin thc hin 1 danh sch cc lnh c bn c sp xp
theo mt trnh t no c th hon thnh mt nhim v ra. V tt c nhng
lnh m vi iu khin c th hiu c g l tp lnh. Cc vi iu khin tng thch
vi 8051 c 255 lnh.
5.4.1. ch a ch
a) a ch tc thi
Trong ch nh a ch ny ton hng ngun l mt hng s. V nh tn gi
ca n th khi mt lnh c hp dch ton hng i tc thi ngay sau m lnh. Lu
rng trc d liu tc thi phi c t du (#) ch nh a ch ny c th
c dng np thng tin vo bt k thanh ghi no k c thanh ghi con tr d
liu DPTR.
b) a ch theo thanh ghi
Ch nh a ch theo thanh ghi lin quan n vic s dng cc thanh ghi
lu d liu cn c thao tc v cc cc ton hng l 1 trong cc thanh ghi Ri ca
cc bank c chn.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 55

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
c) a ch trc tip
B nh RAM c gn cc a ch t 00 n FFH v c phn chia nh sau:
1. Cc ngn nh t 00 n 1FH c gn cho cc bng thanh ghi v ngn xp.
2. Cc ngn nh t 20H n 2FH c dnh cho khng gian nh a ch theo bit
lu cc d liu 1 bit.
3. Cc ngn nh t 30H n 7FH l khng gian lu d liu c kch thc
1byte.
Ton hng l tn hoc a ch ca cc thanh ghi trong vng RAM thp (0-127)v
vng cha cc thanh ghi chc nng c bit SFR.
Cc ngn nh dnh cho bng ghi c truy cp bng thanh ghi theo cc tn gi
ca chng l R0 - R7. Nn cc thanh ghi c th c truy cp theo hai cch sau:
d) a ch gin tip
Trong ch ny, mt thanh ghi c s dng nh mt con tr n d liu. Ton
hng c th nm trong c vng RAM thp v cao, hoc RAM ngoi, khng dng cho
vng SFR. a ch ca ton hng cha trong thanh ghi con tr (R0 hoc R1 vi RAM
trong, DPTR i vi RAM ngoi). c im nhn ra ch ny l lun c k t @
ng trc ton hng.
e) a ch ch s
Ch nh a ch theo ch s c s dng rng ri trongvic truy cp cc
phn t d liu ca bng trong khng gian ROM/RAM chng trnh ca 8051 trong
di 64KB.
Lnh c dng cho mc ch ny l
Thanh ghi 16 bit DPTR l thanh ghi A c dng to ra a ch ca phn t d
liu c lu trong b nh (trong hoc ngoi 8051).
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 56

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Thay lnh Mov bng MovC/MovX do cc phn t d liu c ct trong khng

gian m (chng trnh) ca Flash ROM trong/ngoi chip ca 8051. Trong lnh ny
th ni dung ca A c b xung vo thanh ghi 16 bit DPTR to ra a ch 16 bit
ca d liu cn thit.
5.4.2.
Tp lnh trong 8051
+ Phn loi tp lnh

Ty thuc vo cch v chc nng ca mi lnh, c th chia ra thnh 5 nhm
lnh nh sau:
- Cc lnh ton hc
- Cc lnh iu khin chng trnh
- Cc lnh vn chuyn d liu
- Cc lnh logic
- Cc lnh thao tc bit
Cu trc chung ca mi lnh:
M_lnh Ton_hng1, Ton_hng2, Ton_hng3
Trong :
- M_lnh: Tn gi nh cho chc nng ca lnh. (VD nh add cho addition)
-Ton_hng1, Ton_hng2, Ton_hng3: L cc ton hnh ca lnh, ty thuc
vo mi lnh s ton hng c th khng c, c 1, 2 hoc 3.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 57

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
+ Cc k hiu s dng m t lnh

M t
K hiu
A:
Thanh ghi cha (Accumulator).
B:
Thanh ghi B.
Ri:
Rn:
Thanh ghi R0 hoc R1 ca bt k bng thanh ghi no trong 4 bng

thanh ghi trong RAM.
Rn: bt k thanh ghi no ca bt k bng thanh ghi no trong 4
bng thanh ghi trong RAM.
M t
K hiu
Dptr:
thanh ghi con tr d liu (c rng 16bit c kt hp t 2 thanh

ghi 8 bit l DPH v DPL).
Direct:
Direct: l mt bin 8 bit(hay chnh l nh) bt k trong RAM (tr

32 thanh ghi Rn u RAM).
#data:
mt hng s 8 bit bt k.
#data16:
mt hng s 16 bit bt k
<rel>:
a ch bt k nm trong khong [PC-128 ; PC+127]
<addr11>:
a ch bt k nm trong khong 0 2Kbyte tnh t a ch ca lnh

tip theo.
<addr16>:
<bit>:
a ch bt k trong khng gian 64K (p dng cho c khng gian

nh chng trnh v khng gian nh d liu).
bit bt k c th nh a ch c (khng dng cho cc bit khng
nh c a ch).
+ Cc lnh ton hc
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 58

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Cc k hiu dng trong vic m t tp lnh

Thc hin cc php tnh c bn nh +, -, *, /, Kt qu sau khi thc hin lnh
c lu vo ton hng u tin trong lnh
Cc lnh ton hc nh: ADD, ADDC, SUBB, INC, DEC, MUL, DA.
Sau php cng, thanh ghi A (ch) cha 00 v cc c s nh sau:
CY = 1 v c php nh t D7
PF = 1 v s cc s 1 l 0 (mt s chn) c PF c t ln 1. AC = 1 v c php nh
t D3 sang D4.
+ Cc lnh logic
Thc hin cc php ton logic, cc lnh bao gm: ANL: php ton and logic
ORL: php ton or logic
XRL: php ton xor logic
CLR: php ton v logic
CPL: php ton b
RL: php quay bit sang tri
RR: php quay bit sang phi
RLC: php quay tri c nh
RRC: php quay phi c nh
SWAP: lnh trao i thanh ghi
+ Cc lnh vn chuyn d liu
Di chuyn d liu t nh ny n nh khc, hoc gia hai thanh ghi,
thanh ghi nh.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 59

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Cc lnh vn chuyn d liu bao gm:

MOV: chuyn d liu gia thanh ghi vi thanh ghi, thanh ghi vi nh, mt hng
s n thanh ghi, mt hng s n nh, v ngc li
MOVC: Sao chp m ngun (d liu c t trong vng m ngun.
STT
M lnh
S
byte
S
chu
k
1
Hon i gi tr ca A v gi tr
2
cn li
1
1
1
1
C
php
Ton hng
22
MOVX
@dptr,A
23
PUSH
Direct
24
POP
Direct
25
26
27
XCH
XCH
XCH
A,Rn
A,direct
A,@Ri
M
t
Ghi gi tr ca A vo b nh
ngoi ti a ch
= DPTR
Ct ni dung ca bin trong
RAM vo nh
ngn xp
Ly byte nh ngn xp
cho vo bin trong RAM
Lnh c cng
Trong vic c cng th mt s lnh c trng thi ca cc chn cng, cn mt s
lnh khc th c mt s trng thi ca cht cng trong. Do vy, khi c cc cng th c
hai kh nng:
1. c trng thi ca cng vo.
Lnh c cng
2. c cht trong ca cng ra.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 60

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
c cht trong ca cng ra
+ Cc lnh iu khin chng trnh (r nhnh)

Nhm lnh iu khin chng trnh c th chia thnh 2 loi:
1. Nhy v iu kin
2. Nhy c iu kin:
Nhy v iu kin: Chuyn con tr chng trnh n v tr khc
Nhy v iu kin
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 61

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
5.4.3. B m v b nh thi
8051 c hai b nh thi l Timer 0 v Timer1, phn ny chng ta bn v cc
thanh ghi ca chng v sau trnh by cch lp trnh chng nh th no to ra
cc tr thi gian.
+ Cc thanh ghi c s ca b nh thi.
C hai b nh thi Timer 0 v Timer 1 u c di 16 bt c truy cp nh
hai thanh ghi tch bit byte thp v byte cao. Chng ta s bn ring v tng thanh
ghi.
+ Cc thanh ghi ca b Timer 0.
Thanh ghi 16 bt ca b Timer 0 c truy cp nh byte thp v byte cao. Thanh
ghi byte thp c gi l TL0 (Timer 0 bow byte) v thanh ghi byte cao l TH0 (Timer
0 High byte). Cc thanh ghi ny c th c truy cp nh mi thanh ghi khc chng
hn nh A, B, R0, R1, R2 v.v... V d, lnh MOV TL0, #4FH l chuyn gi tr 4FH
vo TL0, byte thp ca b nh thi 0. Cc thanh ghi ny cng c th c c nh
cc thanh ghi khc. V d MOV R5, TH0 l lu byte cao TH0 ca Timer 0 vo R5.
TH0
TL0
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Cc thanh ghi ca b Timer 0
+ Cc thanh ghi ca b Timer 1.

B nh thi gian Timer 1 cng di 16 bt v thanh ghi 16 bt ca n c chia
ra thnh hai byte l TL1 v TH1. Cc thanh ghi ny c truy cp v c ging
nh cc thanh ghi ca b Timer 0 trn.
TH1
TL1
D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Cc thanh ghi ca b Timer 1
+Thanh ghi TMOD (ch ca b nh thi).
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 62

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
C hai b nh thi Timer 0 v Timer 1 u dng chung mt thanh ghi c gi

l IMOD thit lp cc ch lm vic khc nhau ca b nh thi. Thanh ghi
TMOD l thanh ghi 8 bt gm c 4 bt thp c thit lp dnh cho b Timer 0 v 4
bt cao dnh cho Timer 1. Trong hai bt thp ca chng dng thit lp ch ca
b nh thi, cn 2 bt cao dng xc nh php ton. Cc php ton ny s c bn
di y.
TMOD Register
MSB
GATE
C/T
M1
Timer1
M0
GATE
C/T
M1
Timer0
LSB
M0
+ Cc bt M1, M0
L cc bt ch ca cc b Timer 0 v Timer 1. Chng chn ch ca cc b
nh thi: 0, 1, 2 v 3. Ch 0 l mt b nh thi 13, ch 1 l mt b nh thi
16 bt v ch 2 l b nh thi 8 bt. Chng ta ch tp chung vo cc ch
thng c s dng rng ri nht l ch 1 v 2. Chng ta s sm khm ph ra
cc c tnh c cc ch ny sau khi khm phn cn li ca thanh ghi TMOD. Cc
ch c thit lp theo trng thi ca M1 v M0 nh sau:
M1
0
M0
0
Ch
0
Ch hot ng
B nh thi 13 bt gm 8 bt l b nh thi/ b m 5 bt
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
2
3
t
trcthi 16 bt (khng c t trc)
B nh
B nh thi 8 bt t np li
Ch b nh thi chia tch
Bng . Ch hot ng ca Timer/Counter
+ C/ T (ng h/ b nh thi).
Bt ny trong thanh ghi TMOD c dng quyt nh xem b nh thi c
dng nh mt my to tr hay b m s kin. Nu bt C/T = 0 th n c dng
nh mt b nh thi to ch thi gian. Ngun ng h cho ch tr thi gian
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 63

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
ltn s thch anh ca 8051. phn ny ch bn v la chn ny, cng dng ca b

nh thi nh b m s kin th s c bn phn k tip.
+ Cc ch ca b m/nh thi (Timer Mode)
Nh vy, by gi chng ta c hiu bit c bn v vai tr ca thanh ghi TMOD,
chng ta s xt ch ca b nh thi v cch chng c lp trnh nh th no
to ra mt tr thi gian. Do ch 1 v ch 2 c s dng rng ri nn ta i xt
chi tit tng ch mt.
Hnh . Timer 0 Mode 0
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 64

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Hnh Timer 0 Mode 3
+ Ngt timer.
Cc ngt timer c a ch Vector ngt l 000BH (timer 0) v 001BH (timer 1). Ngt
timer xy ra khi cc thanh ghi timer (TLx ITHx) trn v set c bo trn (TFx) ln 1.
Cc c timer (TFx) khng b xa bng phn mm. Khi cho php cc ngt, TFx t ng
b xa bng phn cng khi CPU chuyn n ngt.
5.4.4. Truyn thng ni tip
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 65

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
8051 c 1 cng UART lm vic chun TTL, mc nh sau khi khi ng tt cc

cng ca 8051 u lm vic ch vo ra s, v th c th s dng UART cn
phi cu hnh cho cng ny lm vic thng qua cc thanh ghi iu khin v ghp ni
tng thch vi chun rs232.
Hnh Ghp ni RS232 vi 8051
Cc thanh ghi iu khin trong ch d UART:

a) SBUF: Vng m truyn thng d liu ra/vo cng ni tip.
- Vic truyn d liu tng ng vi vic np cho SBUF mt gi tr

- D liu nhn t RxD cng c lu vo SBUF
b) SCON: Thanh ghi iu khin hot ng cng ni tip
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 66

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Trong :
Bit
M
t
SM0
La chn mode lm vic
SM1
SM2
REN
= 1: Cho php nhn

= 0: Ch truyn
TB8
(=1) Bit truyn thng th 8, c s dng khi truyn thng ch 9 bit
TI
C ngt truyn. Khi mt byte trong SBUF c truyn thnh cng

th
TI=1. Trc khi truyn byte khc bit ny cn phi c xa bng
phn mm
C ngt nhn, Khi nhn thnh cng 1 byte vo SBUF th RI=1. Sau khi
RI
c SUBF, RI cn phaic xa bng phn mm
La chn mode lm vic

SM0
SM1
Mode
Description
Baud Rate
Thanh ghi dch 8 bit
1/12 tn s clock
8-bit UART
Cu hnh qua timer1
9-bit UART
1/32 tn s clock (hoc 1/64)
9-bit UART
Cu hnh qua timer 1
+ Mode 0
y l ch thanh ghi dch 8 bit, khng c bit start/stop, ch ny RxD l
chn truyn nhn, cn TxD pht xung ng b.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 67

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Hnh . Truyn thng ni tip Mode 0
- Qu trnh truyn bt u khi ghi gi tr vo SBUF, kt thc c bo qua TI
Hnh . Gin thi gian truyn ni tip Mode 0
Qu trnh nhn t ng bi h thng v kt thc khi RI=1
Hnh . Gin thi gian nhn ni tip Mode
+ Mode 1
Truyn thng bt ng b vi frame truyn 10 bit, gm 1 start, 8 bit d liu v 1
stop. TxD thc hin truyn, RxD nhn d liu, tc truyn ci t qua Timer
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 68

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Qu trnh truyn: Hnh . Truyn nhn ni tip Mode
Hnh Gin thi gian truyn ni tip Mode 1
Qu trnh nhn
Hnh 3-31. Gin thi gian nhn ni tip Mode
+ Mode 2
Truyn thng bt ng b vi frame truyn 11 bit, gm 1 start, 8 bit d liu, 1 bit
lp trnh c(nu truyn l TB8, nhn l RB8) v 1 bit stop. TxD thc hin truyn,
RxD nhn d liu, tc truyn ci t qua Timer 1. Bit th 9 thng c dng l bit
pht hin li party.
-
Qu trnh truyn
Qu trnh nhn:
Hnh 3-32. Gin thi gian truyn ni tip Mode 2
Hnh 3-33. Gin thi gian nhn ni tip Mode 2
+ Mode 3
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 69

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Mode 3 tng t mode 2 v mi mt ngoi tr tc baud

+ Tc Baud
Trong mt s mode hot ng ca cng ni tip th tc baud ph thuc vo
timer
1. ci t cn qua cc bc sau:
- Cho php timer 1 hot ng v cho php ngt trn timer 1
- Cu hnh cho timer 1 lm vic ch t np li
Cng thc tnh:
t gi tr cho thanh ghi TH1 ty thuc vo tc mong mun theo bng

di
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 70

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
5.4.5. X l ngt
Mt ngt l mt s kin bn trong hoc bn ngoi lm ngt b vi iu khin bo
cho n bit rng thit b cn dch v ca n. Trong chng ny ta tm hiu khi nim
ngt v lp trnh ngt.
Mt b vi iu khin c th phc v mt vi thit b, c hai cch thc hin iu
ny l s dng cc ngt v thm d (polling). Trong phng php s dng cc
ngt th mi khi c mt thit b bt k cn n dch v ca n th n bao cho b vi iu
khin bng cch gi mt tn hiu ngt. Khi nhn c tn hiu ngt th b vi iu khin
ngt tt c nhng g n ang thc hin chuyn sang phc v thit b. Chng trnh i
cng vi ngt c gi l trnh dch v ngt ISR (Interrupt Service Routine) hay cn
gi l trnh qun l ngt (Interrupt handler). Cn trong phng php thm d th b
vi iu khin hin th lin tc tnh trng ca mt thit b cho v iu kin tho mn
th n phc v thit b. Sau n chuyn sang hin th tnh trng ca thit b k tip cho
n khi tt c u c phc v. Mc d phng php thm d c th hin th tnh trng
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 71

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
ca mt vi thit b v phc v mi thit b khi cc iu kin nht nh c tho mn

nhng n khng tn dng ht cng dng ca b vi iu khin. im mnh ca phng
php ngt l b vi iu khin c th phc v c rt nhiu thit b (tt nhin l khng
ti cng mt thi im). Mi thit b c th nhn c s ch ca b vi iu khin
da trn mc u tin c gn cho n. i vi phng php thm d th khng th gn
mc u tin cho cc thit b v n kim tra tt c mi thit b theo kiu hi vng. Quan
trng hn l trong phng php ngt th b vi iu khin cng cn c th che hoc lm
l mt yu cu dch v ca thit b. iu ny li mt ln na khng th thc hin c
trong phng php thm d. L do quan trng nht l phng php ngt c u
chung nht l v phng php thm d lm lng ph thi gian ca b vi iu khin bng
cch hi d tng thit b k c khi chng khng cn n dch v.
V d trong cc b nh thi, ta dng lnh JNB TF, ch v i cho n khi
b nh thi quay tr v 0. Trong v d , trong khi ch i th ta c th lm vic
c g khc c ch hn, chng hn nh khi s dng phng php ngt th b vi iu
khin c th i lm cc vic khc v khi c TF bt ln n s ngt b vi iu khin cho d
n ang lm bt k iu g.
Trnh phc v ngt.
i vi mi ngt th phi c mt trnh phc v ngt ISR hay trnh qun l ngt.
khi mt ngt c gi th b vi iu khin phc v ngt. Khi mt ngt c gi th b
vi iu khin chy trnh phc v ngt. i vi mi ngt th c mt v tr c nh
trong b nh gi a ch ISR ca n. Nhm cc v tr nh c dnh ring gi cc
a ch ca cc ISR c gi l bng vc t ngt, xem Hnh 3-35. Bng vector ngt
v v d
8051 h tr 5 loi ngt, c th cho php hoc cm ngt vi tng loi thng qua
thanh ghi iu khin ngt IE, hoc c th cm tt c cc ngt thng qua bit EA.
Cc tn hiu iu khin ngt c th c m t nh hnh di
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 72

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Hnh 3-34. Cc tn hiu iu khin ngt
hnh trn ch c 1 im ch l hai tn hiu IT0 v IT1, hai bit ny la chn

nguyn nhn ngt cho 2 ngt ngoi INTR0 v INTR1. Nu =1 th ngt ti sn m, =0
ngt ti sn dng
Thanh ghi iu khin ngt IE
Trong :
Bit
EA
ES
ET1
EX1
ET0
EX0
M t
Cho php/cm ngt ton cc
= 0: Cm tt c cc ngt
= 1: Cho php cc ngt
= 0: Cm ngt truyn thng ni tip
= 1: Cho php ngt truyn thng ni tip
= 0: Cm ngt Timer 1
= 1: Cho php ngt Timer 1
= 0: Cm ngt ngoi vi INT0
= 1: Cho php ngt ngoi v INT0
= 0: Cm ngt Timer 0
= 1: Cho php ngt timer 0
= 0: Cm ngt ngoi vi INT1
= 1: Cho php
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 73

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
+ Cc bc khi thc hin mt ngt.

Khi kch hot mt ngt b vi iu khin i qua cc bc sau:
1. N kt thc lnh ang thc hin v lu a ch ca lnh k tip (PC) vo ngn
xp.
2. N cng lu tnh trng hin ti ca tt c cc ngt vo bn trong (ngha l khng lu
vo ngn xp).
3. N nhy n mt v tr c nh trong b nh c gi l bng vc t ngt ni lu
gi a ch ca mt trnh phc v ngt.
4. B vi iu khin nhn a ch ISR t bng vc t ngt v nhy ti . N bt u
thc hin trnh phc v ngt cho n lnh cui cng ca ISR l RETI (tr v t ngt).
5. Khi thc hin lnh RETI b vi iu khin quay tr v ni n b ngt. Trc
ht n nhn a ch ca b m chng trnh PC t ngn xp bng cch ko hai byte trn
nh ca ngn xp vo PC. Sau bt u thc hin cc lnh t a ch .
Lu bc 5 n vai tr nhy cm ca ngn xp, v l do ny m chng ta phi cn
thn khi thao tc cc ni dung ca ngn xp trong ISR. c bit trong ISR cng nh bt k
chng trnh con CALL no s ln y vo ngn xp (Push) v s ln ly ra t n (Pop)
phi bng nhau.
+ Lp trnh ngt
Khi c mt ngt, chng trnh chnh s b dng, con tr chng trnh ngay lp tc
c chuyn n mt a ch quy nh sn trong bn vector ngt nh hnh di:
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 74

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Hnh. Bng vector ngt v v d

+ Th t u tin ngt
Khi c hai hay nhiu ngt cng lc xy ra, hoc mt ngt ang thc hin th m ngt
khc yu cu th ngt no c u tin hn s c u tin x l.
C 3 cp u tin ngt trong 8051
- Ngt reset l ngt c mc u tin cao nht, khi reset xy ra tt c cc ngt khc
v chng trnh u b dng v vi iu khin tr v ch khi dng ban u.
- Ngt mc 1, ch c reset mi c th cm ngt ny
- Ngt mc 0, cc ngt mc 1 v reset c th cm ngt ny.
Vic t chn mc u tin ngt l 1 hoc 0 thng qua thanh ghi IP. Vic x l u
tin ngt ca 8051 nh sau:
- Nu 1 c u tin cao hn mt ngt ang c x l xut hin th, ngt c
u tin thp ngay lp tc b dng ngt kia c thc hin
- Nu 2 ngt cng yu cu vo 1 hi im th ngt c mc u tin hn s c x l
trc
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 75

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
- Nu 2 ngt c cng mc u tin cng yu cu vo 1 thi im th th t c chn

nh sau:
o INTR 0 o Timer 0 o INTR 1 o Timer 1 o UART
Thanh ghi IP
Trong : Cc bit t 0 n 5 t mc ngt l 0 hoc 1 cho cc ngt tng ng nh

sau:
-
PS: UART
PT1: Timer 1
PX1: INTR 1
PT0: Timer 0
PX0: INTR 0
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 76

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
PHN II
Thit k v thi cng mch
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 77

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Chng I:
S khi ton mch
1. S khi
75V
18V
RING
TONE
HOOK ON/OFF
MCU
TP1
TP4
DTMF MT8870
RING
LINE
TRUNG K
TIP
1.1.
Khi iu khin trung tm
Bao gm vi x l at89s52 Khi ny iu khin ton b hot ng ca tng i thc hin

gim st v nhn bit trng thi ca thu bao ri t gi lnh iu khin
1.2.
Ngun cp:
Ngun 220v chuyn xung 18v, 75v

75V AC: c s dng cho chung in thoi c iu khin bi relay
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 78

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
18V DC: c s dng cho h thng in thoi
1.3.
Tone:
S dng ic CD4093 cng vo A dao ng tn s 440Hz, cng B dao ng tn s thp,

cng ra to ra m hiu mi quay s hoc bo bn
1.4.
DTMF:
S dng ic MT8870 u vo dng dtmf gii m nh nhn. u ra ca b gii m c

cung cp n port1 cc vi iu khin. Khi mt DTMF hp l nhn c MT8870 nhp nhy
20msec vi iu khin
1.5.
Khi trung k:
Nhn bit c thu bao ngoi gi n v gi lp bt my, to m hiu mi quay s
2. S nguyn l mch tng khi

2.1.
Khi ngun:
+75V
R23
22K
DIODE BRIDGE_1234
D25
~
+18V
LM7812
J2
IN
OUT
1
2
3
GND
U6
~
2200uF 40V
CAP
NGUON
+5V
C17
10uF
OUT
IN
+18V
1
GND
LM7805 U7
C16
10uF
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 79

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
+ Ic ngun :
7805 : cp ngun cho khi iu khin trung tm, khi chuyn mch, cc cm bin
MOC, cp ngun cho relay .
7818 : cp ngun cho cho khi giao tip thu bao .
75VAC : cp ngun cho vic chung ca in thoi .
+ Diode cu 1A .
2.2 Khi thu DTMF :

2.2.1. Gii thiu v ic 8870
2.2.1.1.
S chn:
+ Chn 1 (IN+) : Ng vo(Non_Inverting_Opamp)

+ Chn 2 (IN-) : Ng vo(Inverting_Opamp).
+ Chn 3 (GS) : Gain select, gip truy xut ng ra ca b khuch i vi sai u
cui qua in tr hi tip.
+ Chn 4 (Vref) : Reference Voltage( ng ra), thng bng VDD/2.
+ Chn 5&6 : ni vi Vss.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 80

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
+ Chn 7 : OSC1.
+ Chn 8 : OSC2.
+ Chn 9 : Vss.
+ Chn 10 : TOE. Ng ra Q1- Q4 hot ng khi TOE mc cao.
+ Chn 11-14 (Q1-Q4) : Khi TOE mc cao cc chn ny cung cp m tng ng
vi cc cp tone tm c (theo bng gii m chc nng). Khi TOEN mc thp, cc
chn ny trng thi tng tr cao.
+ Chn 15 (STD) : mc cao khi cp tn s tone thu c ghi nhn v ng ra
cht thch hp, tr v mc thp khi in p trn ST/GT nh hn in p ngng(Vtst).
+ Chn 16 (EST) : mc cao ngay khi b thut ton s d tm c cp tone
thch hp (Signal Condition). S mt Signal Condition tc thi lm cho EST tr li
mc thp.
+ Chn 17 (ST/GT) : Khi in p ra Vc > VTST th IC s tip nhn cp tone mi.
Ng ra GT s xa thi hng RC bn ngoi.
+ hn 18 : VDD = 5V
2.2.2. Gii thch hot ng
in p ti ng vo ST/GT gi l in th VC. Ban u, cp tn s ca m tone c
qua b lc tn s (dial tone filter). B ny s tch tn hiu thnh 2 nhm. Mt nhm
tn s thp, mt nhm tn s cao. Vic ny thc hin c nh b lc thng dy bc 6.
Nhm th nht s lc thng dy tn s t 697 Hz n 941 Hz v nhm th hai s lc
thng dy tn s t 1209 Hz n 1633 Hz. Hai nhm tn hiu ny c bin i
thnh xung vung bi b d Zero crossing. Sau khi c c xung vung, xung ny c
xc nh tn s v kim tra chng c tng ng vi cp tn s chun DTMF hay khng.
Nh thut ton trung bnh phc hp (complex averaging). Nh k thut ny m mch s
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 81

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
bo v c cc tone gy ra t tn hiu bn ngoi m tn hiu ny lm cho sai lch tn s

nh. Khi b d cng nhn c 2 tone thch hp th ng ra EST s ln mc cao. EST ln
mc cao s lm cho VC tng n ngng no m ln hn V TST th s tc ng vo
ng ST/GT lm cp tone c ghi nhn. Lc ny in th ti VC tip tc tng ln. Sau
mt thi gian tr n khi STD mc cao. Lc ny, cp tone c ghi nhn v sn
sng truy xut ng ra nu ng TOE mc tch cc cao th 4 bit m gii m c s
truy xut ra bn ngoi.
2.2.3. Bng m chc nng:

F Low
697
679
679
770
770
770
852
852
852
941
941
941
679
770
852
941
F High
1209
1336
1447
1209
1336
1447
1209
1336
1447
1209
1336
1447
1633
1633
1633
1633
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
NO
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
*
#
A
B
C
D
ANY
TOE
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
L
Q4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
Z
Q3
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
Z
Q2
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
Z
Q1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
Z
Trang 82

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
2.2.4. s mch thu DTMF
DIAL-TONE TO SPEACH
+5V
U2
4
R9 100K
C13
2
R8 100K
22pF
3
7
Y1
3.58Mhz
8
6
22pFC18
5
9
IN+
Vdd
Vref
St/GT
INGS
OCS1
ESt
MT8870
C2
100nF
OE
StD
OSC2
Q4
IC*
Q3
IC*
Q2
Vss
Q1
18
C1
100nF
17
16
10
R7 300K
+5V
15
14
13
12
11
Cc thng s ca linh kin trong mch do nh sn xut cung cp
2.3.
S mch TONE:
2.3.1. S chn CD4093:
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 83

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
2.3.2. S mch TONE

A
C5
22nF
U3A
CD4093B
R11
270
14
R12
100K
U3D
CD4093B
12
13
R13
270
14
11
14
U3C
R14 2M2
C6
22nF
9
4
DIAL-TONE TO SPEACH
10
8
CD4093B
14
U3B
CD4093B
C7
100nF
C8 10nF
2.4.
S mch chuyn mch:
2.4.1. S mach:
R1 4k7
R2 4k7
R3 4k7
R4 4k7
R5 4k7
R6 4k7
+5V
Q1
BC558
Q2
BC558
Q3
BC558
Q4
BC558
Q5
BC558
Q6
BC558
0
D1
1N4004
D2
1N4004
D3
1N4004
D4
1N4004
D5
1N4004
D6
1N4004
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
LS1
LS2
LS3
LS4
LS5
LS6
RELAY
R1A
R1B
R1C
R2A
R2B
R2C
R3A
R3B
R3C
R4A
R4B
R4C
R5A
R5B
R5C
R6A
R6B
R6C
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 84

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
2.4.2. Thit k mch ng ngt relay:

Chn Relay 5DC, c in tr 300 , in p chu ng ca tip im l 220VAC
Chn Trasistor c dng IC khong 400mA
Dng qua Relay l
Do dng qua cc C Transistor CB558: IC = 10 mA

Chn h s khuch i ca Transistor l = 200
Vy dng qua c c B ca transistor l
Ta c :
Vy chn Rb = 4.7 K
Cc thng s mch c tnh ton nh sau:
Cc Q1 Q 6 c dng IC khong 10mA
RB = 4.7K,
2.5.
S mch trung k:
2.5.1. Gii thiu ic Opto:

2.5.1.1.
Ic 4N35:
Dng opto loi 4N35: Opto hay cn gi l cch ly quang l linh kin tch hp
gm 1 led v 1 photo diode hay photo transistor. C 2 loi opto 4 pin v opto 6pin.
Led opto c s dng ph bin,mc ch:
Cch ly gia cc khi chnh lch nhau v in hay gia khi cng sut nh vi
khi in p ln.
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 85

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Cch ly chng nhiu cho cc thit b: trong o ln in t, thit b PLC, thit b

truyn thng trong cng nghip.
Thng s:
+ Dng qua diode bn trong l 4mA, in th l 1.1V
+ H s truyn t 100%
+ Hiu in th cch ly khong 350V
+ VCE = 0.3V
+ Ic = 4mA
2.5.1.2.
MOC2030
Opto hay cn gi l cch ly quang l linh kin tch hp c cu to gm 1 led v

1 photo diot hay 1 photo transitor. c s dng cc ly gia cc khi chnh lch
nhau v in hay cng sut nhu khi c cng sut nh vi khi in p ln. S
mch nguyn l cho opto:
Hnh cu trc bn trong ca Opto Moc3020

SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 86

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Nguyn l hot ng:

Khi c dng nh di qua 2 u ca led c trong opto lm cho led pht sng. Khi led
pht sng lm thng 2 cc ca photo diot, m cho dng in chy qua.
2.5.2. Mch cm bin khi c thu bao ngoi gi n:
C12
R22
10K
R21
22K
330nF
U5
RING DETECT
D10
1N4004
2
4N35
Nguyn l hot ng
Khi tng i cp tn hiu chung cho thu bao. Tn hiu chung l tn hiu xoay
chiu vi bin 75 Vrm s 90Vrms, tn s f = 25 Hz, pht 3 giy c v 4 giy
khng. Tn hiu ny qua t C12, t C12 c nhim v ngn dng DC ch cho tn hiu
chung i qua. ng thi t C12 v R21 to ra st p lm gim bin tn hiu
chung. Sau , tn hiu chung qua cu diode chnh lu ton sng. Tn hiu sau
khi qua cu diode s tng i tn s v c gn sng nhp nh. Khi tn s ln
hn th vic san bng nhp nh ca tn hiu d hn. Tn hiu sau c ghim
p bi DZ1 v qua R4 sau a vo Opto. Khi diode Opto phn cc thun, diode
ny s pht quang kch vo cc B ca trans istor Opto. Cc C transistor Opto
c ni ln ngun +5VDC thng qua in tr R5.
Khi cha c dng chung vo, transistor Opto ngt, ng ra cc C ca
transistor ni ln ngun (mc 1) nn ng v o P3.4 ca vi iu khin mc 1
(trng thi ch).
Khi c dng chung vo, diode Opto phn cc thun, diode ny s pht quang
kch vo cc B ca transistor Opto, dn n transistor Opto dn bo ho, nn ng
vo P3.4 ca vi iu khin mc thp, bo hiu h thng gi t bn ngoi vo.
Tnh ton thng s
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 87

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Tn hiu chung tng i cp cho thu bao c in p hiu dng khong 75Vrms
n 90Vrms, tn s f = 25Hz.
Chn DZ1 l diode Zener loi 12V
Chn dng qua Opto l Iopto = 4mA, in p ri trn led ca Opto l 1.2V
Tnh in tr R
Chn R4 = 1K
Tnh R21, C12 = ?
Chn in p tn hiu chung l 90V
Theo thng s ca dng chung chn dng chung 35mA. V chn DZ1 = 12V, st p
trn cu diode l 1.4V
Do chn p vo cu chnh lu l 16V
Do st p trn t C1 v R1 l: 90V 16V = 74V
tng tr t ng ng trn R 1 v C1 l:
Chn R1 = 1K
Do => Z 1 = 2 K
2.5.3. Mch iu khin gi lp nht my
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 88

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
+5V
R20
2K2
U4
6
SWITCH ON/OFF HOOK
2
4
0
LCA110
Tnh ton thng s

Triac MOC2030 hoc OPTO TLP561, Led hin th, in tr
100 v 220 c kt ni nh s trn.
in tr 100 :
R100 = (Vcc - Vled1 Vled2 )/ 10mA
Vi Vled1 v
Vled2
u tiu th in p c th pht quang l 2V v dng
tng ng l 10mA. in p Vcc l in p ngun 5v :

R100 = (5 2 2)/ 10 = 100
in tr 220 :
R = (Vcc - Vled)/ 10mAVi Vled
tiu th in p l 3V v dng tng ng l
10mA. in p Vcc l
in p ngun 5v :
R = (5 3)/ 10mA = 200
Ta c th chn 220 v trong thc t khng c in tr 200
R l in tr hn dng vn c trong mch kch triac dng MOC3020
Khi ti c tnh cm, v d thng l ng c, th cn c R v C nhm gim
thiu bin ng in p qu ln (dv/dt) khi ct ti khi li. MOC3020 ch c th
chu c tc bin thin in p ti a khong hn mt chc Volt/micro
giy. Nu qu ngng th s khng n. Khi ti l thun tr, s bin thin ca
in p ch n thun l s thay i hnh sin ca in p li vi tn s 50/60Hz,
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 89

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
dv/dt trong trng hp ny l nh, khng cn R v C. Khi ti c tnh cm, s bin

thin in p c bit
ln khi ct ti khi li, dv/dt v th c th rt ln, phi dng R5 v C7 hn
ch,
m bo trong di cho php ca linh kin.
2.5.4. Mch to tn hiu mi quay s:
+5V
R17
82K
R18
1K
C10
R19
560
Q8
UM66
Q7
BC548
D9
3V
1uF
R16
220
MELODY
C11
CAP NP
2.5.5. S tng th mch trung k:

+5V
DIODE BRIDGE_1234
R17
D24
82K
R18
1K
J1
C10
1
2
3
4
Q8
UM66
Q7
BC548
R19
560
D9
3V
1uF
~
R16
220
RJ11
C11
MELODY
+5V
CAP NP
U4
6
R20
2K2
1
SWITCH ON/OFF HOOK

+5V
2
4
C12
330nF
0
R21
22K
U5
LCA110
6
R22
10K
RING DETECT
D10
1N4004
2
4N35
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 90

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
2.6.
Mch cp ngun v cm bin nht my thu bao:

R6A
R5B
R6C
R5C
BUSY -TONE TO STANDBY
+18V
R6B
R5A
+5V
C
DIAL-TONE TO SPEACH
DIAL-TONE TO SPEACH
R1C
J3
D13
LED
R24
C14
10uF
10K
R1B
R28
220 1W
R1A
2
1
Q16
2SD249
R26
R25
68K
TP1
6K8
Q10
BC548
TP#1
D20
IN4148
R27
220 1W
Q15
2SD249
BUSY -TONE TO STANDBY
R29
10K
C15
10uF
R30
68K
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 91

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
3.
S nguyn l mch tng i pabx:
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 92

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 93

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
4.
S mch in tng i pabx:
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 94

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
Chng II
Lu gii thut v chng trnh
1. Lu gii thut:
1.1.
Chng trnh chnh

BT U
KHAI BO GI TR
Y
NGT NGOI
T1=1
N
Y
TP1=1
N
Y
TP2=1
N
Y
TP3=1
N
Y
GII M QUAY S
TP4=1
N
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 95

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
1.2.
Chng trnh gii m quay s

GII M QUAY S
TO TONE
N
KT NI THU
BAO NI B
Y
DTMF=1,2,3,4
N
KT NI NG
DY TRUNG K
DTMF=0
DTMF=*,#,5,
6,7,8,9,
Y
KT THC
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 96

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
1.3.
Chng trnh ngt ngoi:
NGT NGOI
P1.6=1
KT NI TRUNG K VI
TNG I
P3.7=1
M HIU MI QUAY
S
GII M DTMF
N
Y
RL1=1
DTMF=1
T1=0 OR TP1=0
N
Y
RL2=1
DTMF=2
N
RL3=1
DTMF=3
T1=0 OR TP3=0
N
RL4=1
DTMF=4
T1=0 OR TP2=0
T1=0 OR TP4=0
N
T1=0
Y
KT THC
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 97

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
1.4.
Chng trnh kt ni thu bao ni b

KT NI THU
BAO NI B
N
Y
DTMF(P1=01H)
KT NI
THU BAO 1
TP1=0 OR TP
GI=0
N
Y
KT NI
THU BAO 2
DTMF(P1=02H)
N
TP1=0 OR TP
GI=0
N
Y
KT NI
THU BAO 3
DTMF(P1=03H)
TP1=0 OR TP
GI=0
N
Y
DTMF(P1=04H)
KT NI
THU BAO 4
TP1=0 OR TP
GI=0
KT THC
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 98

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
1.5.
Chng trnh kt ni thu bao ngoi
KT NI THU
BAO NGOI
ON RELAY 6
P1.6=1
KT NI BAO NGOI
P3.5=0
TP GI =0
Y
KT THC
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 99

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 100

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng
SVTH: Trn Minh Qun
Trang 101

ĐỒ ÁN MÔN HỌC III THIẾT KẾ VÀ THI CÔNG MẠCH TỔNG ĐÀI NỘI BỘ PABX 1 TRUNG KẾ 4 THUÊ BAO

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ĐỒ ÁN MÔN HỌC III THIẾT KẾ VÀ THI CÔNG MẠCH TỔNG ĐÀI NỘI BỘ PABX 1 TRUNG KẾ 4 THUÊ BAO

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

N 3: thit k thi cng tng i ni b PABX

GVHD:Trn Vit Thng

SVTH: Trn Minh Qun

N 3: thit k thi cng tng i ni b PABX

SVTH: Trn Minh Qun

N 3: thit k thi cng tng i ni b PABX

Khi nim tng i: .......................................................................................................................... 9

Phn loi tng i: ........................................................................................................................... 9

Phn loi theo cng ngh: ........................................................................................................ 9

Tng i nhn cng : ........................................................................................................ 9

Cc chc nng ca h thng tng i: ........................................................................................... 11

Nhn dng thu bao gi: ........................................................................................................ 12

Tip nhn s c quay: ........................................................................................................ 12

Kt ni cuc gi: .................................................................................................................... 12

Chuyn thng tin iu khin:................................................................................................ 12

Kt ni trung chuyn: .......................................................................................................... 13

Kt ni trm cui: ................................................................................................................ 13

Truyn tn hiu chung: ......................................................................................................... 13

Tnh cc: .............................................................................................................................. 13

Truyn tnh hiu bo bn: ...................................................................................................... 13

Phn loi cu trc mng in thoi Vit Nam........................................................................ 11

Cc thng tin bo hiu trong mng in thoi: .............................................................................. 14

SVTH: Trn Minh Qun

N 3: thit k thi cng tng i ni b PABX

Phn loi cc thng tin m hiu: ............................................................................................ 15

Thng tin v yu cu v gii ta cuc gi: .......................................................................... 15

Bo hiu trn ng dy thu bao: ........................................................................................ 15

Bo hiu trn ng dy thu bao gi: ............................................................................... 15

H thng m hiu ca tng i............................................................................................... 17

Tn hiu chung:(Ringging Signal) .................................................................................... 17

Bng tn in thoi: ............................................................................................................... 21

S mng thng tin in thoi: ........................................................................................... 22

Nguyn l hot ng: ............................................................................................................. 22

Nhng yu cu c bn v my in thoi ...................................................................................... 23

Phn loi my in thoi: ............................................................................................................... 24

Chc nng: ............................................................................................................................. 24

Phn loi: ............................................................................................................................... 24

SVTH: Trn Minh Qun

N 3: thit k thi cng tng i ni b PABX

My in thoi c in: ...................................................................................... 24

My in thoi n phm thng thng: ................................................................. 25

My in thoi n phm c mn hnh ................................................................... 25

My in thoi n phm c ghi m: ...................................................................... 26

My in thoi n phm khng day: ..................................................................... 26

Gii thiu chung ............................................................................................................................. 27

ng dng ca vi iu khin ........................................................................................................... 28

Hot ng ca vi iu khin .......................................................................................................... 29

Cu trc chung ca vi iu khin ................................................................................................... 30

Kin trc vi iu khin 8051 .......................................................................................................... 35

Chun 8051 ............................................................................................................................ 35

Chn vi iu khin 8051 ........................................................................................................ 36

T chc b nh 8051 ............................................................................................................. 43

T chc b nh trong ........................................................................................ 43

T chc b nh ngoi ........................................................................................ 46

Truyn thng khng ng b (UART) ................................................................. 54

Ngt vi iu khin 8051 ..................................................................................... 55

Lp trnh hp ng cho 8051 ................................................................................................... 55

Tp lnh trong 8051........................................................................................... 57

Truyn thng ni tip......................................................................................... 65

N 3: thit k thi cng tng i ni b PABX

Khi iu khin trung tm ..................................................................................................... 78

Ngun cp: ............................................................................................................................. 78

Khi trung k: ........................................................................................................................ 79