Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(
)
`
\
|
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
d dr r
2
Z
r
1
r
1 2
2
0
R
0 2
Z
2
2
r
1
r
Z
r
1
r
2
Z
2
1 2
2
2
Z
2
2
r
1
r
Z
r
1
2
r
Z
2
2
e
D
V
(A-1)
Note that the plate stiffness factor D
e
is given by
|
\
|
=
2
1 12
3
Eh
e
D (A-2)
where
E = elastic modulus
h = plate thickness
= Poisson's ratio
For a displacement which is symmetric about the center,
0 ) , r ( Z =
(A-3)
0 ) , r ( Z
2
2
=
(A-4)
Substitute equations (A-3) and (A-4) into (A-1).
4
( )
(
(
(
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
2
0
R
0
d dr r
r
Z
r
1
r
2
Z
2
1 2
2
r
Z
r
1
2
r
Z
2
2
e
D
V
(A-5)
( )
(
(
(
|
|
\
|
+ +
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
2
0
R
0
d dr r
r
Z
r
1
r
2
Z
2
2 2
2
r
Z
r
1
r
Z
r
1
2
r
Z
2
2
2
2
r
Z
2
2
e
D
V
(A-6)
The total strain energy equation for the symmetric case is thus
(
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
2
0
R
0
d dr r
r
Z
r
1
r
2
Z
2
2
2
r
Z
r
1
2
2
r
Z
2
2
e
D
V
(A-7)
The total kinetic energy T of the plate bending is given by
=
2
0
R
0
2
2
d dr r Z
2
h
T (A-8)
where
= mass per volume
= angular natural frequency
5
APPENDIX B
Simply Supported Plate
Consider a circular plate which is simply supported around its circumference. The plate
has a radius a. The displacement perpendicular to the plate is Z. A polar coordinate
system is used with the origin at the plate's center.
Seek a displacement function that satisfies the geometric boundary conditions.
The geometric boundary conditions are
0 ) , a ( Z = (B-1)
0
r
Z
a r
2
2
=
=
(B-2)
The following function satisfies the geometric boundary conditions.
|
\
|
=
a 2
r
cos Z ) , r ( Z
o
(B-3)
The partial derivatives are
0 ) , r ( Z =
(B-4)
0 ) , r ( Z
2
2
=
(B-5)
|
\
|
|
\
|
=
a 2
r
sin
a 2
Z ) , r ( Z
r
o
(B-6)
|
\
|
|
\
|
=
a 2
r
cos
a 2
Z ) , r ( Z
r
2
o
2
2
(B-7)
6
The total kinetic energy T of the plate bending is given by
\
|
=
2
0
a
0
2
o
2
d dr r
a 2
r
cos Z
2
h
T (B-8)
\
|
+
=
2
0
a
0
2
o
2
d dr r
a
r
cos 1
4
Z h
T (B-9)
\
|
+
=
2
0
a
0
2
o
2
d dr
a
r
cos r r
4
Z h
T (B-10)
Evaluate equation (B-9) using the integral table in Appendix C
(
(
\
|
+ |
\
|
+
=
2
0
a
0
2
2 2 2
o
2
d
a
r
cos
a
a
r
sin
r a
2
r
4
Z h
T (B-11)
( ) ( )
(
(
+
=
2
0
2
2
2
2 2 2
o
2
d 0 cos
a
cos
a
2
a
4
Z h
T (B-12)
(
(
=
2
0
2
2 2 2
o
2
d
a 2
2
a
4
Z h
T (B-13)
[ ]
=
2
0
2
2
2 2
o
2
d 4
8
a Z h
T (B-14)
[ ]
=
2
0
2
2
2 2
o
2
d 4
8
a Z h
T (B-15)
[ ][ ]
= 2 4
8
a Z h
T
2
2
2 2
o
2
(B-16)
7
[ ] 4
4
a Z h
T
2
2 2
o
2
= (B-17)
( )
2 2
o
2
a Z h 4671 . 0 T = (B-18)
Again, the total strain energy for the symmetric case is
(
(
(
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
=
2
0
R
0
d dr r
r
Z
r
1
r
2
Z
2
2
2
r
Z
r
1
2
2
r
Z
2
2
e
D
V
(B-19)
(
(
|
|
\
|
(
(
|
|
\
|
(
(
(
|
|
\
|
=
2
0
R
0
d dr r
r
Z
r
1
r
2
Z
2
2
2
e
D
2
0
R
0
d dr r
2
r
Z
r
1
2
e
D
2
0
R
0
d dr r
2
2
r
Z
2
2
e
D
V
(B-20)
( )
(
(
(
|
\
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
(
(
(
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
(
(
(
|
\
|
|
\
|
+ =
2
0
a
0
d dr r
a 2
r
sin
a 2
r
cos
r
1
3
a 2
2
2
o
Z
2
e
D
2
0
a
0
d dr r
a 2
r
2
sin
2
a 2
2
r
1
2
o
Z
2
e
D
2
0
a
0
d dr r
a 2
r
2
cos
4
a 2
2
o
Z
2
e
D
V
(B-21)
8
( )
(
(
(
|
\
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
(
(
(
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
(
(
(
|
\
|
|
\
|
+ =
2
0
a
0
3 2
o
2
0
a
0
2
2
2
2
o
2
0
a
0
2
4 2
o
d dr r
a 2
r
sin
a 2
r
cos
r
1
a 2
2
2
D Z
d dr r
a 2
r
sin
a 2
r
1
2
D Z
d dr r
a 2
r
cos
a 2 2
D Z
V
(B-22)
( )
(
|
\
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
(
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
(
|
\
|
|
\
|
+ =
2
0
a
0
3 2
o
2
0
a
0
2
2
2 2
o
2
0
a
0
2
4 2
o
d dr r
a 2
r
sin
a 2
r
cos
r
1
a 2
2
2
D Z
d dr r
a 2
r
sin
r
1
a 2 2
D Z
d dr r
a 2
r
cos
a 2 2
D Z
V
(B-23)
(
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
(
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
(
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
|
\
|
+ =
2
0
a
0
3 2
o
2
0
a
0
2
2 2
o
2
0
a
0
4 2
o
d dr
a
r
sin
a 2 2
D Z
d dr
a 2
r
sin
r
1
a 2 2
D Z
d dr r
a
r
cos 1
2
1
a 2 2
D Z
V
(B-24)
The first and third integrals are evaluating using the tables in Appendix C.
9
\
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
(
(
\
|
+ |
\
|
+ |
\
|
|
\
|
+ =
2
0
a
0
3 2
o
2
0
2 2
o
2
0
a
0
2
2 2 4 2
o
d
a
r
cos
a
a 2 2
D Z
d 8242 . 0
a 2 2
D Z
d
a
r
cos
a
a
r
sin
r a
2
r
2
1
a 2 2
D Z
V
(B-25)
\
|
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
+
(
(
\
|
|
\
|
+ =
2
0
3 2
o
2
0
2 2
o
2
0
2
2 2 4 2
o
d
a 2
a 2 2
D Z
d 8242 . 0
a 2 2
D Z
d
a 2
2
a
2
1
a 2 2
D Z
V
(B-26)
10
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
+
(
(
\
|
|
\
|
+ =
2
0
2 2
o
2
0
2 2
o
2
0
2
2 2 4 2
o
d
a 2 2
D Z
d 8242 . 0
a 2 2
D Z
d
a 2
2
a
2
1
a 2 2
D Z
V
(B-27)
( )
( ) ( )
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
+
(
(
\
|
|
\
|
+ =
2
a 2 2
D Z
2 8242 . 0
a 2 2
D Z
2
a 2
2
a
2
1
a 2 2
D Z
V
2 2
o
2 2
o
2
2 2 4 2
o
(B-28)
( )
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
+
(
(
\
|
|
\
|
+ =
2
2
o
2
2
o
2
2 2 4
2
o
a 2
D Z
8242 . 0
a 2
D Z
a 2
2
a
2
1
a 2
D Z V
(B-29)
11
( )
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
+
(
(
\
|
|
\
|
+ =
2
a 2
8242 . 0
2
a 2
2
2
a 2
2
2
a
2
1
4
a 2
D
2
o
Z V
(B-30)
( )
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
+
(
(
\
|
|
\
|
+ =
2 2
2
2 2 4
2 3 2
o
a 2
1
8242 . 0
a 2
1 a 2
2
a
2
1
a 2
1
D Z V
(B-31)
( )
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
+
(
(
\
|
|
|
\
|
+ =
2 2 2
2 2
4
2 3 2
o
a 4
1
8242 . 0
a 4
1 a 2
2
a
2
1
a 16
1
D Z V
(B-32)
( )
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
+
(
\
|
|
|
\
|
+ =
2 2 2 2
2 3 2
o
a 4
1
8242 . 0
a 4
1 2
2
1
2
1
a 16
1
D Z V
(B-33)
( )
\
|
+ |
\
|
+
(
(
\
|
|
\
|
+ =
4
8242 . 0
4
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
16
1
2
2
a
1
3
D
2
o
Z V
(B-34)
( )
)
`
\
|
+ |
\
|
+
(
\
|
)
`
+ =
4
8242 . 0
4
1 2
2
1
32
1
a
1
D Z V
2
2
2
3 2
o
(B-35)
( )
\
|
+ |
\
|
+
(
(
\
|
)
`
+ =
4
8242 . 0
4
1
2
2 32
1
a
1
D Z V
2
2
3 2
o
(B-36)
12
[ ] ( )
)
`
\
|
+ |
\
|
+
|
\
|
)
`
+ =
4
8242 . 0
4
1
4
64
1
a
1
D Z V
2
2
3 2
o
(B-37)
[ ] ( ) { } + +
)
`
+ = 16 8242 . 0 16 4
a 64
1
D Z V
2
2
3 2
o
(B-38)
[ ] ( ) { } + +
)
`
+ = 16 8242 . 0 16 4
a 64
1
D Z V
2
2
3 2
o
(B-39)
{ } +
)
`
+ = 16 0568 . 19
a 64
1
D Z V
2
3 2
o
(B-40)
{ } +
)
`
+ = 25 . 0 2978 . 0
a
1
D Z V
2
3 2
o
(B-41)
Now equate the total kinetic energy with the total strain energy per Rayleigh's method.
[ ] { } +
)
`
+ =
25 . 0 2978 . 0
a
1
D Z 4
4
a Z h
2
3 2
o
2
2 2
o
2
(B-42)
[ ] { } +
)
`
25 . 0 2978 . 0
a
1
D 4
4
a h
2
3 2
2 2
(B-43)
[ ] { } +
)
`
25 . 0 2978 . 0
a
1
D 4
4
h
4
3 2
2
(B-44)
[ ] { } +
)
`
=
25 . 0 2978 . 0
a
1
D 4
4
h
4
4 2
2
(B-45)
13
[ ] { } +
)
`
= 25 . 0 2978 . 0
a
4
D 4 h
4
4 2 2
(B-46)
[ ]
{ } +
)
`
= 25 . 0 2978 . 0
4 h
1
a
4
D
2 4
4 2
(B-47)
[ ]
{ } +
)
`
= 1911 . 1
4 h
1
a
1
D
2 4
4 2
(B-48)
Let = 0.3, which is the typical Poisson's ratio.
[ ]
{ } 3 . 0 1911 . 1
4 h
1
a
1
D
2 4
4 2
+
)
`
= (B-49)
[ ]
{ } 4911 . 1
4 h
1
a
1
D
2 4
4 2
)
`
= (B-50)
[ ]
{ } 4911 . 1
4 h
1
a
1
D
2 4
4 2
)
`
= (B-51)
[ ]
{ } 4911 . 1
4 h
1
a
1
D
2 4
4
)
`
= (B-52)
h
D
a
9744 . 4
2
= (B-53)
The natural frequency f
n
is
=
2
1
f
n
(B-54)
h
e
D
2
a 2
9744 . 4
n
f
= (B-55)
14
APPENDIX C
Integral Table
Equation (C-1) is taken from Reference 1.
2
b
bx cos
b
bx sin x
dx bx cos x + =
(C-1)
Now consider
dr
a
r
cos 1
r
1
2
1
dr
a 2
r
sin
r
1
a
0
a
0
2
(
\
|
= |
\
|
(C-2)
Nondimensionalize,
a
r
x
= (C-3)
r x
a
=
(C-4)
dr
a
dx
= (C-5)
dr dx
a
=
(C-6)
[ ] dx x cos 1
x
1
a 2
a
dr
a 2
r
sin
r
1
0
a
0
2
\
|
= |
\
|
(C-7)
[ ] dx x cos 1
x
1
2
1
dr
a 2
r
sin
r
1
0
a
0
2
= |
\
|
(C-8)
15
Recall the series
! 12
x
! 10
x
! 8
x
! 6
x
! 4
x
! 2
x
1 x cos
12 10 8 6 4 2
+ + + (C-9)
dx
! 12
x
! 10
x
! 8
x
! 6
x
! 4
x
! 2
x
1 1
x
1
2
1
dr
a 2
r
sin
r
1
0
12 10 8 6 4 2
a
0
2
(
(
+ + + |
\
|
(C-10)
dx
! 12
x
! 10
x
! 8
x
! 6
x
! 4
x
! 2
x
x
1
2
1
dr
a 2
r
sin
r
1
0
12 10 8 6 4 2
a
0
2
(
(
+ + |
\
|
(C-11)
dx
! 12
x
! 10
x
! 8
x
! 6
x
! 4
x
! 2
x
2
1
dr
a 2
r
sin
r
1
0
11 9 7 5 3 1
a
0
2
(
(
+ + |
\
|
(C-12)
(
(
\
|
0
12 10 8 6 4 2
a
0
2
! 12 12
x
! 10 10
x
! 8 8
x
! 6 6
x
! 4 4
x
! 2 2
x
2
1
dr
a 2
r
sin
r
1
(C-13)
( ) 6483 . 1
2
1
dr
a 2
r
sin
r
1
a
0
2
|
\
|
(C-14)
8242 . 0 dr
a 2
r
sin
r
1
a
0
2
|
\
|
(C-15)
16
APPENDIX D
Solution of Differential Equation via Bessel Functions
The governing equation is taken from References 5 and 6.
0 ) , r ( Z
4
) , r ( Z
4
= (D-1)
e
D
h
2
4
= (D-2)
4 / 1
e
D
h
2
(
(
= (D-2)
|
\
|
=
2
1 12
3
Eh
e
D (D-3)
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
= =
2
2
2
r
1
r r
1
2
r
2
2
2
2
r
1
r r
1
2
r
2
2 2 4
(D-4)
The governing equation may be written as
{ }{ } 0 ) , r ( Z
2 2 2 2
= + (D-5)
Thus the equation is satisfy by
{ } 0 ) , r ( Z
2 2
= (D-6)
Separate variables
) ( ) r ( R ) , r ( Z = (D-7)
17
By substitution
0 ) ( ) r ( R
2
2
2
2
r
1
r r
1
2
r
2
=
+
|
|
\
|
(D-8)
0 R
2
R
2
2
2
r
1
R
r r
1
R
2
r
2
= +
|
|
\
|
(D-9)
0 R
2
2
d
2
d
2
r
R
dr
dR
r
1
2
dr
R
2
d
= +
|
|
\
|
+ + (D-10)
Similarly,
0 R
2
2
d
2
d
2
r
R
dr
dR
r
1
2
dr
R
2
d
=
|
|
\
|
+ + (D-11)
Thus,
0 R
2
2
d
2
d
2
r
R
dr
dR
r
1
2
dr
R
2
d
=
|
|
\
|
+ + (D-12)
2
d
2
d
2
r
R
R
2
dr
dR
r
1
2
dr
R
2
d
=
|
|
\
|
+ (D-13)
2
d
2
d
2
r
1
2
dr
dR
r R
1
2
dr
R
2
d
R
1
=
|
|
\
|
+ (D-14)
2
d
2
d 1
2
r
2
dr
dR
r
1
2
dr
R
2
d
R
2
r
=
|
|
\
|
+ (D-15)
18
The equation can be satisfied if each expression is equal to the same constant .
2
k
2
k
2
d
2
d 1
2
r
2
dr
dR
r
1
2
dr
R
2
d
R
2
r
=
=
|
|
\
|
+ (D-16)
Thus
2
k
2
r
2
dr
dR
r
1
2
dr
R
2
d
R
2
r
=
|
|
\
|
+ (D-17)
0 R
2
r
2
k
2
dr
dR
r
1
2
dr
R
2
d
=
(
(
+ + (D-18)
Define a new variable
=
r j
r
(D-19)
=
2
r
2
2
r
2
2
(D-20)
2
2
2
r
2
(D-21)
Chain rule
dr d = (D-22)
dr
d
d
d
dr
d
= (D-23)
=
d
d
dr
d
(D-24)
19
0 R
2
r
2
k
2
r
2
d
dR
2
r
2
d
R
2
d
2
r
2
=
(
(
(D-25)
0 R
2
k
2
d
dR
2
d
R
2
d
2
=
(
(D-26)
0 R
2
2
k
1
d
dR 1
2
d
R
2
d
=
(
(
+
+
(D-27)
Equation (D-27) is Bessels equation of fractional order.
The solution for circular plates that are closed in the direction is
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) + + + =
n
K G
n
Y F
n
I D
n
J C ) ( R (D-28)
Equation (D-28) represents Bessel of the first and second kind and modified Bessel of the
first and second kind.
Both ( )
n
Y and ( )
n
K are singular at = 0.
Thus for a plate with no hole, F = G = 0.
( ) ( ) + =
n
I D
n
J C ) ( R (D-29)
Furthermore, from equation (D-16),
2
k
2
d
2
d 1
=
(D-30)
0
2
k
2
d
2
d
= +
(D-31)
20
The solution for circular plates that are closed in the direction is
+ = k sin B
k cos A
, k = n = 0, 1, 2, 3, .. (D-32)
Or equivalently
[ ] ) ( k cos A = .. (D-33)
The total solution is thus
( ) ( ) { } [ ] { } ) ( k cos A
n
I D
n
J C ) , ( Z + = (D-34)
Set the phase angle =0.
( ) ( ) { } ) k cos( A
n
I D
n
J C ) , ( Z + = (D-35)
Set A =1. Note that the mass normalization will be performed using the C and D
coefficients.
( ) ( ) { } ) k cos(
n
I D
n
J C ) , ( Z + = (D-36)
21
APPENDIX E
Simply Supported Plate, Bessel Function Solution
The boundary conditions are
0 ) , a ( Z = (E-1)
0
r
M = at r = a (E-2)
0
2
Z
2
=
at r = a (E-3)
Note that
(
(
|
|
\
|
=
2
Z
2
2
r
1
r
Z
r
1
2
r
Z
2
D
r
M (E-4)
Boundary condition (E-3) requires that
(
(
=
r
Z
r
2
r
Z
2
D
r
M at r = a (E-5)
) ( ) r ( R ) , r ( Z = (E-6)
( ) ( ) [ ] ) k cos( r
n
I D r
n
J C ) , r ( Z + = (E-7)
( ) ( ) [ ] 0 ) k cos( a
n
I D a
n
J C ) , a ( Z = + = (E-8)
( ) ( ) 0 a
n
I D a
n
J C = + (E-9)
22
( ) ( ) [ ]
( ) ( ) [ ] a r at ) k cos( r
n
I D r
n
J C
r r
1
D
) k cos( r
n
I D r
n
J C
2
r
2
D
r
M
=
(
(
(
=
(E-10)
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) a r at r
n
I
dr
d
r
1
D r
n
J
dr
d
r
1
C ) k cos(
E
D
r
n
I
2
dr
2
d
D r
n
J
2
dr
2
d
C ) k cos(
E
D
r
M
=
(
+
(
(
+ =
(E-11)
0
a r
r
M =
=
(E-12)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 r I
dr
d
a
1
D r J
dr
d
a
1
C r I
dr
d
D r J
dr
d
C
n n n
2
2
n
2
2
=
(
+ +
(
(
+ , at r = a
(E-13)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 r I
dr
d
a
r I
dr
d
D r J
dr
d
a
r J
dr
d
C
n n
2
2
n n
2
2
=
(
(
+ +
(
(
+ , at r = a
(E-14)
Let
r = (E-15)
23
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 I
d
d
a
I
d
d
D J
d
d
a
J
d
d
C
n n
2
2
2
n n
2
2
2
=
(
(
+
(
(
,
at a =
(E-36)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 I
d
d
a
I
d
d
D J
d
d
a
J
d
d
C
n n
2
2
n n
2
2
=
(
(
+
(
(
,
at a =
(E-37)
Recall equation (E-9).
( ) ( ) 0
n
I D
n
J C = + , at a = (E-38)
( ) ( ) =
n
J C
n
I D , at a = (E-39)
( )
( )
=
n
I
n
J
C D , at a = (E-40)
By substitution,
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) 0 I
d
d
a
I
d
d
I
J
C J
d
d
a
J
d
d
C
n n
2
2
n
n
n n
2
2
=
(
(
(
(
,
at a =
(E-41)
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) 0 ) ( I
d
d
a
I
d
d
I
J
J
d
d
a
J
d
d
n n
2
2
n
n
n n
2
2
=
(
(
(
(
, at a =
(E-42)
24
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( ) 0 I
d
d
a
I
d
d
I
1
J
d
d
a
J
d
d
J
1
n n
2
2
n
n n
2
2
n
=
(
(
(
(
,
at a =
(E-43)
Note the following identities:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
+
+
=
n
J
n
1 n
J
n
J
n
1 n
J
n
J
d
d
(E-44)
( ) ( ) ( )
+
+
n
J
d
d n
1 n
J
d
d
n
J
2
d
2
d
(E-45)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(
+
+
+
(
+
+ =
n
J
n
1 n
J
n
1 n
J
1 n
n
J
n
J
2
d
2
d
(E-46)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(
+
+
+
(
+
+ =
n
J
n
1 n
J
n
1 n
J
1 n
n
J
n
J
2
d
2
d
(E-47)
( ) ( ) ( )
+
(
+
(
(
+ =
1 n
J
1
n
J
2
2
n
1
n
J
2
d
2
d
(E-48)
25
Analyze the first term of equation (E-42).
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
+
(
(
+ +
(
+
=
+
(
(
+ +
+
=
(
+
+
+
(
(
+
(
+
(
(
=
(
(
+
a
n
2
2
n
1
a
n
J
1 n
J
a
n
2
2
n
1
n
J
1 n
J
a
n
J
1 n
J
n
J
n
1 n
J
n
J
1
a
1 n
J
1
n
J
2
2
n
1
n
J
1
n
J
d
d
a
n
J
2
d
2
d
n
J
1
(E-49)
Consider the following identities:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
+
+
=
n
I
n
1 n
I
n
I
n
1 n
I
n
I
d
d
(E-50)
( ) ( ) ( )
+
+
n
I
d
d n
1 n
I
d
d
n
I
2
d
2
d
(E-51)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(
+
+
+
(
+
=
n
I
n
1 n
I
n
1 n
I
1 n
n
I
n
I
2
d
2
d
(E-52)
( ) ( ) ( )
+
(
(
(
+ =
1 n
I
1
n
I
2
2
n
1
n
I
2
d
2
d
(E-53)
26
Analyze the second term of equation (E-42).
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
(
+
(
(
(
=
(
+
+
+
(
(
(
=
(
(
a
n
2
2
n
1
n
I
1 n
I
a
a
n
2
2
n
1
n
I
1 n
I
a
n
I
1 n
I
n
I
n
1 n
I
n
I
1
a
1 n
I
1
n
I
2
2
n
1
n
I
1
n
I
d
d
a
n
I
2
d
2
d
n
I
1
(E-54)
By substitution,
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) , 0 I
d
d
a I
1
I
d
d
I
1
J
d
d
a J
1
J
d
d
J
1
n
n
n
2
2
n
n
n
n
2
2
n
=
(
(
(
+
(
(
+
at a =
(E-55)
( )
( )
( )
( )
0
a
n
2
2
n
1
n
I
1 n
I
a a
n
2
2
n
1
a
n
J
1 n
J
=
(
(
+
(
+
(
(
+ +
(
+
,
at a =
(E-56)
27
( )
( )
( )
( )
0 2
n
I
1 n
I
a a
n
J
1 n
J
=
+
(
+
, at a = (E-57)
( )
( )
( )
( )
0 2
n
I
1 n
I
a a
n
J
1 n
J
= +
+
(
+
(
+
, at a = (E-58)
( )
( )
( )
( )
=
+
(
+
(
+
2
n
I
1 n
I
a a
n
J
1 n
J
, at a = (E-59)
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
+
+
+
a
2
n
I
1 n
I
n
J
1 n
J
, at a = (E-60)
( )
( )
( )
( )
(
+
+
+
a
1
a
2
n
I
1 n
I
n
J
1 n
J
, at a = (E-61)
( )
( )
( )
( ) +
=
+
+
+
1
a 2
n
I
1 n
I
n
J
1 n
J
, at a = (E-62)
( )
( )
( )
( ) +
=
+
+
+
1
2
n
I
1 n
I
n
J
1 n
J
, at a = (E-63)
( )
( )
( )
( )
+
+
+
1
2
n
I
1 n
I
n
J
1 n
J
, at a = (E-64)
The following form is better suited for numerical root-finding purposes.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
= +
+ + n n 1 n n 1 n n
I J
1
2
I J J I , at a = (E-65)
28
The roots of equation (E-65) for 3 . 0 = are
k n=0 n=1 n=2 n=3
0 4.9351 13.8982 25.6133 39.9573
1 29.9844 48.7391 70.1170 95.2930
2 74.9211 103.4057 134.4289 168.8374
3 138.7787 176.8456 218.2026 264.0849
The roots were determined using the secant method.
The fundamental natural frequency is thus
a = (E-66)
e
2
4
D
h
= (E-67)
4 / 1
e
2
D
h
a
(
(
= (E-68)
4
e
4
2
a h
D
= (E-69)
h
D
a
e
2
2
= (E-70)
h
D
a
4.9351
e
2
= (E-71)
The mode shapes are defined by
( ) ( ) [ ] ) k cos( r I D r J C ) , r ( Z
n n
+ = (E-72)
29
Recall
( )
( )
=
n
n
I
J
C D , at a = (E-73)
( )
( )
( )
( ) ) k cos( r I
I
J
C r J C ) , r ( Z
n
n
n
n
)
`
+ = (E-74)
( )
( )
( )
( ) ) k cos( r I
I
J
r J C ) , r ( Z
n
n
n
n
)
`
= (E-75)