Bi 2: Dng phng php chia i tm nghim gn ng ca

x3 + 3x2 - 3 = 0
vi chnh xc 10-3, bit khong phn ly nghim (-3 ; -2).
Li gii :
Ta c: f (x) = x3 + 3x2 - 3
f (x) = 3 x2 +6x <=> f(x) = 0 => x1 = 0
x2 = -2
Bng bin thin:
X

-2

f (x)

-3

f (x)

Ta c :
f (-3) = - 3 < 0

Khong phn ly nghim [ -3; -2]

f (-2) = 1 > 0
p dng phng php chia i ta c:
C1 =

ab
( 3) (2)
=
= -2.5 => F1(C1) = 0.125 >0
2
2

=> Khong phn ly nghim [ -3;-2.5 ]

C2 = ( 3) ( 2.5) = -2.75
=> F2(C2) = -1.109 < 0
2

=> Khong phn ly nghim [-2.75; -2.5 ]

C3 = ( 2.75) ( 2.5) = -2.625

=> F3(C3) = - 0.416 < 0

=> Khong phn ly nghim [-2.625; -2.5 ]

C4 = ( 2 .625 ) ( 2.5) = -2.5625
=> F4(C4) = - 0.127 < 0
2

=> Khong phn ly nghim [-2.5625; -2.5 ]

C5 = ( 2.5625 ) ( 2.5) = -2.53125
2

=> F5(C5) = 0.004 >0

=> Khong phn ly nghim [-2.5625; -2.53125 ]

C6 = -2.546875

=> F6(C6) = - 0.061 < 0

=> Khong phn ly nghim [-2.546875; -2.53125 ]

C7 = -2.5390625=> F7(C7) = - 0.029 < 0
=> Khong phn ly nghim [-2.5390625; -2.53125 ]
C8 = -2.53515=> F8(C8) = - 0.012 < 0
=> Khong phn ly nghim [-2.53515; -2.5390625 ]
C9 = -2.537106=> F9(C9) = - 0.020 < 0
=> Khong phn ly nghim [-2.537106; -2.5390625 ]
C10 = -2.538084=> F10(C10) = - 0.024 < 0
=> Khong phn ly nghim [-2.538084; -2.5390625 ]
Ta ly nghim gn ng:
nh gi sai s:
(-2.538084)

= - 2.538084

| bn| bn - an = |-2.5390625

| = 9,785.10- 4 < 10-3

Bi 3: Dng phng php lp, tm nghim ng vi chnh xc 10-

a) x3 + 3x2 3 = 0
b)

x 1

, bit khong cch ly nghim l ( -2.75; -2.5)

= x

Li gii :
a) x3 + 3x2 3 = 0

, bit khong cch ly nghim l [ -2.75; -2.5]

1/3

<=> x3 = 3 - 3x2 <=> (3 - 3x2 )

Ta nhn thy

| f (x) | 0.045< 1

nn ta chn hm lp (x) = (3 - 3x2 )

1/3

bt u qu trnh lp ta chn xo l 1 s bt k [ -2.75; -2.5]

Do f (- 2.5) < 0 nn ta chn u b = - 2.5 c nh, chn xp x u x0 = - 2.5
Ta c qu trnh lp .
t (x) = (3 - 3x2 )

1/3

<=>

(x) =

1
-2/3
(3 3x)
3

1
3

1
3

(3 3x 2 ) 2

bt u qu trnh lp ta chn xo l 1 s bt k [ -2.75; -2.5]

xo = - 2.5 ; q =

1
3

. V

[ -2.75; -2.5]

ta c: |

(x) |

1
x [ -2.75; -2.5];
3

(x) < 0 x

[ -2.75; -2.5]

xn + 1 = (3 - 3x2 )1/3
xo = - 2.5

x1 = (3 3.(-2.5)2 )1/3 = -2.5066

x2 = (3 3.( x1)2 )1/3 = -2.5119
x3 = (3 3.( x2)2 )1/3 = -2.5161
x4 = (3 3.( x3)2 )1/3 = -2.5194
x5 = (3 3.( x4)2 )1/3 = -2.5221
x6 = (3 3.( x5)2 )1/3 = -2.5242
x7 = (3 3.( x6)2 )1/3 = -2.5259
x8 = (3 3.( x7)2 )1/3 = -2.5272
x9 = (3 3.( x8)2 )1/3 = -2.5282
x10= (3 3.( x9)2 )1/3 = -2.590
x11 = (3 3.( x10)2 )1/3 = -2.5296
x12 = (3 3.( x11)2 )1/3 = -2.5301
Ta ly nghim gn ng:

nh gi sai s:

b)

x 1 =

t f(x) =

= - 2.5301

-x |
12

q
=
|x
1 q 12

- x11 | = 2.5.10 - 4 < 10-3

1
x

x 1 -

1
x

T th ta c :
f (0.7) = - 0.12473 < 0
f (0.8) = 0.09164 > 0
f (0.7) . f (0.8) < 0 . Vy ta c khong phn ly nghim l [ 0.7; 0.8]
Ta c:
1
- 1/2
<=> x =
= (x + 1 )
x 1

t (x) = (x + 1 )
Ta nhn thy

- 1/2

<=>

(x) = - 12 (x + 1) - 3/2 = - 12 .

| f (x) | 0.4141< 1

1
( x 1)3

nn ta chn hm lp (x) = (x + 1 )

- 1/2

bt u qu trnh lp ta chn xo l 1 s bt k [ 0.7; 0.8]

Do f (0.7) < 0 nn ta chn u b = 0.8 c nh, chn xp x u x0 = 0.7.
Ta c qu trnh lp
q = 0.4141
ta c: |

. V

(x) |

[ 0.7; 0.8]

x [ 0.7; 0.8] ; (x) < 0 x [ 0.7; 0.8]

2

xn + 1 = (x + 1 ) -1/2
xo = 0.7

x1 = (0.7 + 1 ) -1/2 = 0.766964988

x2 = (x1+ 1 ) -1/2 = 0.75229128
x3 = (x2+ 1 ) -1/2 =

0.755434561

x4 = (x3+ 1 ) -1/2 =

0.754757917

Ta ly nghim gn ng:
nh gi sai s:

= 0.754757917

- x |=
4

q
|x
1 q 4

x3 | = 4,7735.10-4

< 10

-3

Bi 4: Dng phng php dy cung v tip tuyn, tm nghim ng vi

chnh xc 10

-2

a) x3 + 3x2 + 5 = 0
b) x4 3x + 1 = 0
Li gii :
a) x3 + 3x2 + 5 = 0
Tm khong phn ly nghim ca phng trnh:
f (x) = x3 + 3x2 + 5
<=> x3 = 5 - 3x2
t y1 = x3

y2 = 5 - 3x2

-2

1
-1
-2

T th ta c:
f (-2 ) = - 9 < 0
Khong phn ly nghim [ - 2 ; -1 ]
f (-1 ) = 1 > 0
V f (-2 ) . f (-1 ) < 0
* p dng phng php dy cung ta c:
Do f (-2 ) = - 9 < 0 => chn xo = -2

f ( x ).(b a)

x1 = xo f (b0) f (a )

= -1.1

f (x1) = 0.036 > 0 => Khong phn ly nghim [ - 2 ; -1.1 ]

f ( x1 ).(b a)

x2 = x1 f (b) f (a)

= -1.14

f (x2) = 0.098 > 0 => Khong phn ly nghim [ - 2 ; -1.14 ]

f ( x 2 ).(b a )

x3 = x2 f (b) f (a )

= -1.149

f (x3) = 0.0036> 0 => Khong phn ly nghim [ - 2 ; -1.149 ]

x4 = -1.152

=> f (x4) = 0.015> 0

=> Khong phn ly nghim [- 2 ; -1.152 ]

x5 = -1.1534

=> f (x5) = 0.0054 > 0

=> Khong phn ly nghim [- 2 ;-1.1534 ]

x6 = -1.1539

=> f (x6) = -1.1539 < 0

=> Khong phn ly nghim [- 2 ;-1.1539 ].

Ta chn nghim gn ng

= - 1.53

nh gi sai s:

| - x6 | | f m( x) |

x [-2 ;-1]

| - x6 | 1.36 .10 -3 < 10 -2

vi m l s dng : 0 < m f (x)

* p dng phng php tip tuyn ( Niwtn) ta c:

f (-2) = 19 > 0
f (-2) = -12 < 0
=> f (-2) . f (-2) < 0 nn ta chn x0 = -2
Vi

x0 = -2 ta c:
f (x )

x1 = x0 - f ' ( x0 )
0
f (x )

x2 = x1 - f ' ( x1 )
1
f (x )

x3 = x2 - f ' ( x2 )
2
f (x )

x4 = x3 - f ' ( x3 )
3

= -1.4

= -1.181081081

= -1.154525889

= -1.15417557

Ta chn nghim gn ng

= - 1.154

nh gi sai s:

| - x4 | | f m( x) |

x [-2 ;-1]

| - x4 | 1.99 .10 - 4 < 10 -2

vi m l s dng : | f (x) | m > 0

b) x4 3x + 1 = 0
Tm khong phn ly nghim :
f (x) = x4 3x + 1
f(x) = 4x3 - 3 <=> f(x) = 0 => => x =

3
=
4

0.75

Bng bin thin:

X

f (x)

f (x)

0.75
0

+
+

- 1.044

Ta c :
f (0) = 1 > 0
f (1) = -1< 0

Khong phn ly nghim [ 0 ; 1 ] ; [ 1; 2 ]

f (2) = 11> 0
* p dng phng php dy cung trong khong [ 0 ; 1 ] ta c:
Do f (1 ) = - 1 < 0 => chn xo = 1

f ( x ).(b a)

x1 = xo f (b0) f (a )

= 0.5

f (x1) = - 0.4375 <0 => Khong phn ly nghim [ 0; 0.5 ]

x2 = x1

f ( x1 ).(b a)

= 0.3478
f (b) f (a)

f (x2) = - 0.0288 <0 => Khong phn ly nghim [ 0 ; 0.3478]

x3 = x2

f ( x 2 ).(b a )

= 0.3380
f (b) f (a )

f (x3) = - 0.00095 < 0 => Khong phn ly nghim [ 0 ; 0.3380]

x4 = 0.3376

=> f (x4) = 0.0019 > 0

=> Khong phn ly nghim [0.0019; 0.3380]

Ta chn nghim gn ng
nh gi sai s:
x

= 0.3376

| - x4 | | f m( x) |

| - x4 | 1.9.10 - 4 < 10 -2

vi m l s dng : 0 < m f (x)

* p dng phng php tip tuyn ( Niwtn) trong khong [ 0 ; 1 ] ta c:

f (1) = 1 > 0
f (1) = 12 > 0
=> f (1) . f (1) > 0 nn ta chn x0 = 0
Vi

x0 = 0 ta c:
f (x )

x1 = x0 - f ' ( x0 )
0
f (x )

x2 = x1 - f ' ( x1 )
1
f (x )

x3 = x2 - f ' ( x2 )
2

= 0.3333

= 0.33766

= 0.33766

Ta chn nghim gn ng
nh gi sai s:
x [ 0 ; 1 ]

= 0.3376

| - x3| | f m( x) |

| - x3| 6 .10 - 5 < 10 -2

* p dng phng php dy cung trong khong [ 1; 2 ] ta c:

Do f (1 ) = - 1 < 0 => chn xo = 1

f ( x ).(b a)

x1 = xo f (b0) f (a )

= 1.083

f (x1) = - 0.873<0 => Khong phn ly nghim [1.083; 2]

f ( x1 ).(b a)

x2 = x1 f (b) f (a)

= 1.150

f (x2) = - 0.7 <0 => Khong phn ly nghim [1.150; 2]

f ( x 2 ).(b a )

x3 = x2 f (b) f (a )

= 1.2

f (x3) = - 0.526< 0 => Khong phn ly nghim [1.2 ; 2]

x4 = 1.237

=> f (x4) = -0.369 < 0

vi m l s dng : | f (x) | m > 0

=> Khong phn ly nghim [1.237 ; 2]

x5 = 1.2618

=> f (x5) = -0.25 < 0

=> Khong phn ly nghim [1.2618 ; 2]

x6 = 1.2782

=> f (x6) = - 0.165 < 0

=> Khong phn ly nghim [1.2782 ; 2]

x7 = 1.2889

=> f (x7) = - 0.1069 < 0

=> Khong phn ly nghim [1.2889; 2]

x8 = 1.2957

=> f (x8) = - 0.068 < 0

=> Khong phn ly nghim [1.2957; 2]

x9= 1.3000

=> f (x9) = - 0.0439 < 0

=> Khong phn ly nghim [1.3; 2]

x10= 1.3028

=> f (x10) = - 0.027 < 0

=> Khong phn ly nghim [1.3028; 2]

Ta chn nghim gn ng
nh gi sai s:
x

= 1.30

| - x10 | | f m( x) |

| - x10 | -2.8.10 - 3 < 10 -2

* p dng phng php tip tuyn ( Niwtn) trong khong [ 1; 2 ] ta c:

f (1) = 1 > 0
f (1) = 12 > 0
=> f (1) . f (1) > 0 nn ta chn x0 =2
Vi

x0 = 0 ta c:
f (x )

x1 = x0 - f ' ( x0 )
0
f (x )

x2 = x1 - f ' ( x1 )
1
f (x )

x3 = x2 - f ' ( x2 )
2

= 1.6206896

= 1.404181

= 1.320566

vi m l s dng : 0 < m f (x)

f (x )

x4 = x3 - f ' ( x3 )
3
f (x )

x5 = x4 - f ' ( x4 )
4

= 1.307772

= 1.307486

Ta chn nghim gn ng
nh gi sai s:

= 1.30

| - x5| | f m( x) |

vi m l s dng : | f (x) | m > 0

| - x5| -7.486.10 - 3< 10 -2

x [ 1; 2 ]

Ta chn nghim gn ng
nh gi sai s:

= 0.3376

| - x4 | | f m( x) |

vi m l s dng : 0 < m f (x)

| - x4 | 1.9.10 - 4 < 10 -2

Bi tp 5:
Tm nghim dng nh nht ca phng trnh 2x 4 x 0 (1) bng
phng php tip tuynvi chnh xc 105
Bi gii:
B1:tm khong phn ly
Ta tch phng trnh (1)thnh

y1 2 x
y2 4 x

Da vo phng php th ta tm dc khong phn ly l : 0; 0,5 v

f (o ) 0
f (0,5) 0

vy f ( o) f (0,5) 0

B2: tm nghim ca phng trnh

f , 0; f ,, 0 f , f ,, 0 nn ta chn x0 a 0
x1 x0

f ( x0 )
f

,
( x0 )

x2 0,3024

1
0,3024
3,30685

0, 02359
0, 3099
3,14521

0, 00002
0,30991
3,14076
0, 00001
x4 0, 30991
0,30991
3,14075
x3 0,3099

Vy ta thy nghim dng nh nht ca phng trnh l : x= 0,30991

Bi tp 6:
Dng phng php Gauss gii nhng h phng trnh
Ax=b. Cc php tnh ly n 5 s l sau du phy:
a.
1,5 0,1 0,1

A 0,1 1,5 0,1

0,3 0, 2 0,5

0, 4

b 0,8
0, 2

x1

x x2
x
3

0, 4

B 0,8
0, 2

Bi gii:
Lp bng gauss :
Qu
trnh
Thun

ai1

ai2

ai3

ij

ai4

(ct kim tra)

1,5
0,1
-0,3
1
0
0

-0,2
1,5
0,2
-0,13333
1,48667
1,6
1
1

0,1
-0,1
-0,5
0,06667
0,09333
-0,48
0,06278
-1,48448
1

1
1

0,4
0,8
0,2
0,26667
0,82667
0,28
0,55605
-0,33326
0,22449
0,54196
0,32397

Vy nghim ca phng trnh l : (0,32397 ; 0,54196 ;0,22449 )

b)
2, 6 4,5 2, 0

A 3, 0
3, 0
4,3
6, 0 3, 5
3, 0

x1

x x2
x
3

19, 07

b 3, 21
18, 25

19, 07

B 3, 21
18, 25

Bi gii:
Lp bng gauss :

Qu
trnh

ai1

ai2

ai3

ai4

ij

(ct kim tra)

2,6
Thun 3
-6
1

-4,5
3
3,5
-1,73077
8,9231
-6,88462
1

-2,0
4,3
3
-0,76923
6,60769
-1,61538
0,80657
3,93754

19,07
3,21
-18,25
7,33462
-18,79386
25,75772
-2,29409
9,96378

2,53045
-4,33508
1,77810

Bi 7:
Gii h phng trnh:
8 x y z

x _ 5 y z
x y 4z 7

(I)

Bng phng php lp n,tnh lp 3 ln,ly x(a)=g v nh gi sai s ca x3

Gii: T phng trnh (I)
x y.1 / 8 z.1 / 8 1 / 8
x 0,125 y 0,125 z 0,125

y 0,2 x 0,2 z 3,2

y x.1 / 5 z.1 / 5 16 / 5
z x.1 / 4 y.1 / 4 7 / 4
z 0,25 x 0,25 y 1,75

0 0,125 0,125
0,125

=> B= 0,2 0
0, 2 ;
g = 3,2
0, 25 0, 25 0
1,75

r1 0,25
3

Ta xet r = maxi bij => r2 0,4

j 1
r 0,5
3

r = maxi

ij

=0,5 <1

j 1

phng php lp n x(m) =b.x(m-1) +g , hi t vi mi x0 cho trc ta c

bng sau:

B
X(0)

X
0
0,2
0,25
-0,125

Y
0,135
0
0,25
-3,2

Z
0,125
0,2
0
-1,75

X(1)
X(2)
X(3)

-0,74375
-0,89453125
-0,961835937

-3,575
-3,865
-3,94484375

-2,58125
-2,8296875
-2,939882875

nh gi sai s x(3)
x(3)- x(2)
= max (0,067304687;0,07984375;0,110195375)
p dng cng thc (3.36) SGK ta c

x(3) - 2

0,5
.
1 0,5 0,110195375 = 0,110195375

Vy ta c nghim ca phng trnh l:

X= -0,961835937 0,110195375
Y= -3,94484337 0,110195375
Z= -2,939882875 0,110195375
Bi 8 :
Gii h phng trnh
24, 21x1 2, 42 x2 3,85 x3 30, 24

2,31x1 31, 49 x2 1,52 x3 40,95

3, 49 x 4,85 x 28, 72 x 42,81
1
2
3

x1 1, 24907 0, 09995 x2 0,15902 x3

x2 1,30041 0, 07335 x1 0, 04826 x3

x 1, 49059 0,1215 x 0,1689 x
1
2
3

f x

0
0, 09995 0,15902 1, 24907
x1

x2 0, 07335
0
0, 04826 1,30041
1, 49059
x 0,12151 0,16887
0

Ta c:
r1 0, 25897 1

r2 0,12171 1 pt hi t
r 0, 29038 1
3

Lp bng:

B
x0
x1
x2
x3
x4

x1

x2

0
-0,07335
-0,12151
1,24907
0,98201
0,95747
0,94416
0,94452

-0,09995
0
-0,16887
1,30041
1,13685
1,17437
1,17326
1,17431

x3

-0,15902
-0,04826
0
1,49059
1,11921
1,17928
1,17773
1,17774

x5
x6
x7

0,94441
0,94452
0,94444

1,17429
1,17431
1,17429

1,17751
1,17753
1,17751

Nghim bng: (0,94444; 1,17429; 1,17751)

Bi 9
Xy dng a thc ni suy Lagrange ca hm y=f(x) cho di dng bng
X
0
2
3
5
Y
1
3
2
5
Gii:
y ta thy n=3 nn a thc ni suy l mt a thc bc 3 c dng
P3(x)= yo + lo (x) + y1L1(x) +

y2 l2(x) + y3 l3(x)

( x 2)( x 3)( x 5)
( x 0)( x 3)( x 5)
( x 0)( x 2)( x 5)
+3.
+2.
+ 5.
(0 2)(0 3)(0 5)
(2 0)(2 3)(2 5)
(3 0)(3 2)(3 5)
( x 0)( x 2)( x 3)
(5 0)(5 2)(5 3)

p3(x)=

p3(x) =

x3 10 x 2 31x 30
x3 8 x 2 15 x
x3 5 x 2 6 x
+
+
30
6
30

p3(x) =

9 x3 65 x 2 124 x 30
30

Vy a thc Lagrange cn tm la : p3(x) =

9 x3 65 x 2 124 x 30
30

Bi 10 :
Cho bng gi tr ca hm s y= f(x)
X

321,0

322,0

324,0

325,0

2,50651

2,50893

2,51081

2,51188

Tnh gn ng t (324,5) bng a thc ni suy Lagrange ?

Gii :
Gi x* =323,5
y(x* ) =p3 (x* ) = y0l0(x* )+ y1l1(x* ) +y2l2(x* ) + y3l3(x* )
Ta c
l0(x* ) =

(323,5 322,8)(323,5 324,2)(323,5 325,0)

= - 0,031901041
(321,0 322,8)(321,0 324,2)(321,0 325,0)

= -0,03190

(323,5 321,0)(323,5 324,2)(323,5 325,0)

= 0,473484848
(322,8 321,0)(322,8 324,2)(322,8 325,0)

L1(x* )=

= 0,43748
L2(x* )=

(323,5 321,0)(323,5 322,8)(323,5 325,0)

=0,732421875
(324,2 321,0)(324,2 322,8)(324,2 325,0)

=0,73242
L3(x* )=

(323,5 321,0)(323,5 322,8)(323,5 324,2)

=-0,174005681
(325,0 321,0)(325,0 322,8)(325,0 324,2)

= -0,17401
y (323,5)= 2,50651.(0,03190)+2,50893.0,47348+2,51081.0,73242+2,51188.(-0,17401)
=2,50985
Bi 11:
Cho bng gi tr ca hm s y =f(x)

-1

-6

39

822

1011

a. Xy dng a thc ni suy Niwton tin xut pht t nt x0 =-1 ca y = f(x)

b. Dng a thc ni suy nhn c tnh gi tr f(0,25)
Gii : a thc va lp l a thc ni suy Niwton bc khng u
a. Ta c bng k hiu

-1

THC1

THC2

THC3

THC4

-9
6

-6

15

5
41

39

13
261

822

132

89
7

1611

a thc ni suy : p4(x) = 3-9(x+1)+6(x+1)x+5(x+1)x(x-3)+(x+1)x(x-3)(x-6)

= 3-9x-9+6x2+6x+5x3-10x2-15x+x4-8x3 +9x2 +18x
p4(x) = x4-3x3 +5x2 6
b. Tnh f(-0,25) = (-0,25)4 - 3(0,25)3 |+5(0,25)2 b = -5,636719
Bi 12 : Cho bng gi tr ca hm s y=sinx

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

Y=f(x)

0,09983

0,19867

0,29552

0,38942

a. Dng a thc ni suy tin xut pht t x0 = 0,1 tnh gn ng sin(0,4) v

nh gi sai s ca gi tr nhn c
b. Dng a thc ni suy li xut pht t x3 =0,4 tnh gn ng sin (0,46) v
nh gi sai s
Gii:
a. a thc ni suy bc u vi h=0,1 ta c bng sai phn:
X

0,1

0,09983

0,09884
-0,00199

0,2

0,19867

-0,00096
0,09685

0,3

-0,00295

0,29552
0,09390

0,4

0,38942
p dng cng thc a thc ni suy Niwton tin ta tnh:
Sai (0,014) = pn(x) [ x=0,1+0,1t] = y0 + t.

y 0
t (t 1) 2
t (t 1)(t 2) 3
+
y0 +
y0
1!
2!
3!

Theo bi ra ta c : x=0,14 0,1+0,1t =0,1 => t=0,4

Thay vo trn ta c : Sin(0,14) = 0,09983 + 0,4.0,09884 +

+

0,4(0,4 1)
(0,00199)
2

0,4(0,4 1)(0,4 2)
(-0,00096) = 0,13954336
6

nh gi sai s :
Ta c : (x) = (x-0,1)(x-0,2)(x-0,3)(x-0,4)
( 0,14) = (0,14 0,1)( 0,14 0,2)( 0,14 0,3)(0,14 0,4) = 0,00009984

=> sin(0,14) 0,13954336

0,00009984
=4,16.10-6
4!

=> Nghim gn ng sin(0,14) = 0,13954 10-5

b. Lp bng sai phn vi a thc ni suy li
X

0,4

0,38942

1Y

2Y

3Y

0,0939
-0,00295

0,3

0,29552

0,09686

-0,00096
-0,00199

0,2

0,19867

0,1

0,09983

0,09884

Da vo cng thc sai phn li ta c

Sin(0,46) = p(x) ; [x= 0,4 + 0,1t = mi ngi nhp trong ti liu.
Sai s tnh theo cng thc (4.7) trnta c :
sin(0, 46) 0, 4439446 3,8.10 5

Ta quy trn s0,4439446 n 5 ch s l thp phn :

sin(0, 46) 0, 44394 5.105

Bi 13
Cho bng gi tr:
X
2
4
Y
7,32
8,24

6
9,20

8
10,19

10
11,01

12
12,05

Hy tm cng thc nghim c dng y = ax + b

N=6

Xi
2
4

Yi
7,32
8,24

X2i
4
16

xi.yi
14,64
32,96

6
8
10
12
42

Tng

9,20
10.9
11,01
12,05
58,01

32
64
100
144
364

55,20
81,52
110,1
144,6
439,02

Gi tr cng thc na+bxi =yi

axi +bxi2 = xiyi
6a 42b 58,01
42a 346b 439,02
a 6,4
=>
b 0,5

Ta c h phng trnh :
a 6,373333338
b 0,470714285

=>

Vy cng thc nghim c dng: y=6,4x +0,5

Bi 13: Cho bng gi tr

x
2
4
6
8
y= f(x) 7,23
8,24
9,20 10,19
Hy tm cng thc thc nghim c dng y = ax + b
Ta lp bng s:

n= 6

xi

xi2

yi

xi yi

2
4
6
8
10
12
42

4
16
36
64
100
144
364

7,32
8,24
9,20
10,19
11,01
12,05
58,01

14,64
32,96
55,2
81,52
110,1
144,6
439,02

p dng cng thc:

Thay s ta c h phng trnh:

6a 42b 58,01
a 6,373333333 6,4

42a 364b 439,02 b 0,470714285 0,5

Vy cng thc thc nghim cn tm l y 0,5 6,4 x

Bi 14: Cho bng gi tr

10
11,01

12
12,05

x
0,78
1,56
2,34
3,12
y= f(x) 2,50
1,20
1,12
2,25
Hy tm cng thc thc nghim c dng y = a + bx + cx2

3,81
4,28

Ta lp bng s:

n= 5

xi

xi2

xi3

xi4

yi

xi yi

xi2 yi

0,78
1,56
2,34
3,12
3,81
11,61

0,6084
2,4336
5,4756
9,7344
14,5161
32,7681

0,474552
3,796416
12,812904
30,371328
55,306341
102,761541

0,37015056
5,92240896
29,98219536
94,75854336
210,7171592
341,7504574

2,50
1,20
1,12
2,25
4,28
11,35

1,95
1,872
2,6208
7,02
16,3068
29,7696

1,521
2,92032
6,13312
21,9024
62,128908
94,605748

p dng cng thc:

n.a + b. xi c. x i2 y i

x
a. x
a.

i
2
i

b. xi2 c xi3 xi y i
b. xi3 c xi4 xi2 y i

Ta c h phng trnh :
5a 11,61b 32,7681c 11,35

11,61a 32,7681b 102,761541c 29,7696

32,7681a 102,761541b 341,7504574c 94,605748

a 5,022553658 5

b 4,014714129 4
c 1,002440262 1

Vy cng thc thc nghim cn tm l : y 5 4 x x 2 .

CHNG 5: TM NGHIM GN NG O HM V TCH PHN

Bi 15: Cho bng gi tr
x
50
55
60
y=f(x)
1,6990
1,7404
1,7782
Tnh gn ng y(55) v y(60) ca hm s y = lgx. So snh vi kt qu ng tnh
o hm ca hm s y = lgx.
Bi gii
Ta s dng cng thc ni suy Niwtn tin bc u:
f(x)=
+

+
(1)
tnh gn ng o hm.
Lp bng sai phn:
2
x
y
y0
y0
50
1,6990
> 0,0414
> - 0,0036
55
1,7404

60

1,7782

>

0,0378

Thay vo cng thc (1) ta c:

+) f(55)= 0,0414 (0,0036) = 0,00864
+) f(60)= 0,0378 (0,0036) = 0,00792
*) So snh vi kt qu ng tnh o hm ca hm s y = lgx
- Tnh m hm ng:
Ta c: = ( ) =
.

(55) = (lg55) =

= 0,007896

(60) = ( 60) =
= 0,007238
.
- So snh:
+) | (55) ( 55)| = |0,00864 0,007896| = 0,000744
+) | (60) ( 60)| = |0,00792 0,007238| = 0,000682
Bi 16: Cho bng gi tr
x
0,11
0,13
0,15
0,17
1,18
y=f(x) 81,818182 69,230769 60,000000 52,941176 50,000000
Hy tnh y(0,11). Kt qu lm trn n 6 ch s l thp phn.
Bi gii:
Lp bng t hiu:
y
x
0,11 81,818182
0,13 69,230769
0,15 60,000000
0,17 52,941176
0,18 50,000000

2 y

- 629,37065
- 461,53845
- 352,9412
- 294,1176

419,805
2714,93125
1960,786667

4 y

-24681,22917

137119,1073

- 15082,89166

Ta c:
P4 ( x) = 81,818182 629,37065 (x - 0,11) + 4195,805(x - 0,1)(x 0,13)

- 4681,2291 (x- 0,11)(x- 0,13)(x- 0,15) +

+ 137119,1073 (x- 0,11)(x- 0,13)(x- 0,15) (x- 0,17)
P4 ( x ) = 137119,1073x4 - 101467,9292 x3 +
+ 29809,57226 x2- 4338,14816x+ 313,9906839.
P'4 ( x ) = 548476,4292 x3 304403,7876 x2 + 59619,144452x- 4338,148167
Vy ta c y / (0,11) = P4(0,11)= 548476,4292 (0,11)3 304403,7876(0,11)2
+ 59619,144452 (0,11)- 4338,148167 = -733,3059747
/
y (0,11) = P4(0,11)= -733,3059747
Cu 17. Cho bng gi tr.
0,12
x
y
8,333333

0,15
6,666667

0,17
5,882353

Hy tnh y / (0,12) . Kt qu lm trn ti 6 ch s thp phn.

0,2
5,000000

0,22
4,545455

Gii:
Lp bng t hiu:
x

0,12
0,15
0,17
0,2
0,22

y
8,333333
6,666667
5,882353
5,000000
4,545455

2 y

- 55,555533

326,796666

- 39,215700
- 29,411767
- 22,727250

196,078660
133,690340

4 y

-1633,975075

7427,133610

- 891,261714

P4 ( x) = 8,333333 55,555533 ( x -0,12) +

326,796666( x 0,12)( x 0,15) 1633,975075(x - 0,12). ( x 0,15) .( x -0,17) + 7427,133610
( x 0,12) ( x 0,15) .( x -0,17)( ( x 0,2) .

P4 ( x ) = 7427,133610 x 4 6387,340585x 3 2173,927294x 2 365,847435x 30,427706

P4/ ( x) 29708,53444x 3 19162,02176x 2 4347,854588x 365,847435

Vy ta c y / (0,12) =
P4/ (0,12) 29708,53444.0,12 3 19162,02176x 2 4347,854588x 365,847435

= -68,689650.
Cu 18. Tnh gn ng y/(1) ca hm y = y (x) da vo bng gi tr :
0,98
1,00
x
y y(x)
0,7739332
0,7651977

1,02
0,7563321

Gii:
Theo bi ra ta c h = 0,02
f ( x 0 h) f ( x 0 )
.
h
f (1,02) f (1,00) 0,7563321 0,7651977

0,44328
Thay s ta c: y / (1) f / (1)
0,02
0,02
Vy y / (1) 0,44328.

p dng cng thc Taylo, ta c: f / ( x0 )

Cu 19.
1,1

Cho tnh phn: 0,1

dx
(1 4 x) 2

a. Tnh gn ng tch phn trn bng cng thc hnh thang tng qut chia on 0,1;1,1
thnh 10 on bng nhau.
b. nh gi sai s ca gi tr gn ng tm c.
Gii:
a.
Theo bi ra ta c h

b a 1,1 0,1

0,1 .
n
10

Lp bng gi tr :
i
0
1
2
3
4

0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5

0,510204081
0,308641975
0,206611570
0,147928994
0,111111111

5
0,6
6
0,7
7
0,8
8
0,9
9
1,0
10
1,1
p dng cng thc hnh thang IT =

0,086505190
0,069252077
0,056689342
0,047258979
0,040000000
0,034293552

h
y 0 y10 2 y1 y 2 y3 y 4 y5 y6 y 7 y8 y9 .
2
0,1
Thay s ta c: IT =
0,510204081 +0,034293552 + 2(0,308641975 + 0,206611570
2

+
+ 0,147928994 +0,111111111+ 0,086505190 + 0,069252077 + 0,056689342 +
0,047258979 + 0,040000000 ) = 0,134624805
Vy IT = 0,134624805.
b. nh gi sai s, ta c: I I T

M .h 2
.b a ; Vi M Max f // ( x ) , vi mi x a, b .
12
/

32x 8
1
1
/

f
(
x
)

f
(
x
)

Ta c
(1 4 x) 2 (1 4 x) 4
(1 4 x) 2

32 x 8
32(1 4 x ) 4 16(1 4 x) 3 (32 x 8) 384 x 96

f ( x)

4
(1 4 x ) 8
(1 4 x) 5
(1 4 x)
//

Ta nhn thy, Max f

//

//
( x ) = f (0,1)

384.0,1 96
24,98958767
(1 4.0,1) 5

24,98958767.0,12.(1,1 0,1)
0,020824656.
Sai s I I T
12
3, 5

Cu 20. Cho tch phn: 2

1 x
dx .
1 x

a. Tch gn ng tch phn bng cng thc Smson tng qut chia on 2;3,5
thnh 12 on bng nhau.
b. nh gi sai s gi tr va tm c.
Gii:
a. Theo bi ra ta c h

b a 3,5 2

0,125
n
12

Lp bng gi tr :
i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

2
2,125
2,25
2,375
2,5
2,625
2,75
2,875
3,0

-3
-2, 777777778
-2,6
-2,454545455
-2, 333333333
-2,230769231
-2,142857143
-2,066666667
-2

9
10
11
12

3,125
3,25
3,375
3,5

-1,941176471
-1, 888888889
-1,842105263
-1,8

p dng cng thc Smson

IS

h
y0 y12 4( y1 y3 y5 y7 y9 y11 ) 2( y 2 y4 y 6 y8 y10 )
3

0,125
3 1,8 4.(-2, 777777778 - 2,454545455 - 2,230769231 - 2,066666667 - 1,941176471 3

- 1,842105263) 2.( -2,6 -2, 333333333 -2,142857143 -2 -1, 888888889) =

= -3.332596758
Vy I S -3.332596758
M .h 4
.(b a )
180
Trong M Max f //// ( x) vi a x b

b. nh gi sai s: I I S
Ta c:

1 x
2
4x 4
12 x 2 24 x 20
//
///
f / ( x)

f
(
x
)

f
(
x
)

1 x
1 2x x 2
(1 2 x x 2 ) 2
(1 2 x x 2 ) 3
64.(1 x)
f //// ( x )
(1 2 x x 2 ) 4
f ( x)

Ta nhn thy: Max

f

////

( x) f

////

(2) 64 I I S

64.0,1254.(3,5 2)
0,0001302083333 .
180

CHNG 6:
TM NGHIM GN NG CA PHNG TRNH VI PHN
Bi 21
1

Dng cng thc Simpson tng qut tnh gn ng tch phn:

Chia [0;1] thnh 10 on bng nhau, suy ra h =

1 0
0,1
1

Ta tnh ra bng sau :

Th t
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

x
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7

f(x) =

x3 1
1,00000
0,99950
0,99602
0,98677
0,96946
0,94281
0,90685
0,86290

1
3

x 1

dx .

8
9
10

0,8
0,9
1,0

0,81325
0,76051
0,70711

p dng cng thc Simpson :

Is =

h
[ y + y + 4( y1+ y3+ y5+ y7+ y9 )+ 2( y2+ y4+ y6+ y8 )
3 0 10

0,1
[1 + 0,70711+ 4(0,99950 + 0,98677 + 0,94281 + 0,86290 + 0,76051)+
3
2(0,99602 + 0,96946 + 0,90685 + 0,81325 )
Is = 0,90961

Is =

Bi 22
0,8

Dng cng thc Simpson tng qut tnh gn ng tch phn

0,8

Chia [-0,8; 0,8] thnh 16 on bng nhau, suy ra h =

0,8 (0,8)
= 0,1
16

Ta tnh ra bng sau :

Th t

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

- 0,8
- 0,7
- 0,6
- 0,5
-0,4
-0,3
-0,2
-0,1
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8

p dng cng thc Simpson :

f(x) =

sin2 x
dx
1 cosx

sin 2 x

1 cos x
0.934412
0.855826
0.762860
0.656932
0.539743
0.413236
0.279557
0.141009
0.000141
0.141009
0.279557
0.413236
0.539743
0.656932
0.762860
0.855826
0.934412

Is =

h
[y +y + 4(y1+y3+y5+ y7+ y9+ y11+y13+ y15)+ 2(y2+ y4+ y6+ y8+ y10+ y12+
3 0 16

y14 )
Thay s v tnh ton ta c kt qu Is = 0,824459
Bi 23
0, 5

Dng cng thc Simpson tnh gn ng tch phn

ln(cos x)
0,5 ln(1 cos x)dx

Chia [-0,5;0,5] thnh 8 on bng nhau ta c h =0,125

Ta tnh ra bng sau :

Th t

0
- 0,5
1
- 0,375
2
- 0,250
3
- 0,125
4
0,000
5
0,125
6
0,250
7
0,375
8
0,5
p dng cng thc Simpson :
Is =

ln(cos x)
ln(1 cos x)
- 0,207281
- 0,109497
- 0,046615
- 0,011365
0,000000
- 0,011365
- 0,046615
- 0,109497
- 0,207281

f(x) =

h
[ y + y + 4( y1+ y3+ y5+ y7 )+ 2( y2+ y4+ y6 )
3 0 8

Thay s v tnh ton ta c kt qu Is = - 0,065330

Bi 24: Cho bi ton Cauchy:
y= y2 - x2
Hy tm nghim gn ng bng phng php Euler trn [1,2], chn bc h= 0,1.
Bi gii:
Theo u bi ta c: h= 0,1; U0= y(1)= 1, x0 = 1
p dng cng thc Euler: Ui+1= Ui+ hf(xi ; yi)
Ta tnh c
U1= U0+ hf(x0 ; y0) = 1+ 0,1(12-12)= 1
U2= U1+ hf(x1 ; y1) = 1+ 0,1(12-1,12)= 0,979
U3= U2+ hf(x2 ; y2) = 1+ 0,1(0,9792-1,22)= 0,9308441
U4= U3+ hf(x3 ; y3) = 1+ 0,1(0,93084412-1,32)= 0,848491173
U5= U4+ hf(x4 ; y4) = 1+ 0,1(0,8484911732-1,42)= 0,724484901
U6= U5+ hf(x5 ; y5) = 1+ 0,1(0,7244849012-1,52)= 0,551972738
U7= U6+ hf(x6 ; y6) = 1+ 0,1(0,5519727382-1,62)= 0,326440128

U8= U7+ hf(x7 ; y7) = 1+ 0,1(0,3264401282-1,72)= 0,048096444

U9= U8+ hf(x8 ; y8) = 1+ 0,1(0,0480964442-1,82)= - 0,275672228
U10= U9+ hf(; y9) = 1+ 0,1[(- 0,275672228)2-1,92) = - 0,629072711
U11= U10+ hf(x10 ; y10) = 1+ 0,1- 0,629072711)2-22) = - 0,989499463
Vy nghim gn ng cn tm l: U11= =- 0,989499463
Cu 25. Cho bi ton Cauchy. y / y

2x
y

y(0) = 1,
0 x 1.
Hy tm nghim gn ng bng phng php Euler ci tin ( ch lp 1 ln),chn bc h
= 0,2 v so snh kt qu vi nghim ng.
Gii:
Theo bi ra ta c u 0 y(0) 1;
h 0,2.
V xi x 0 ih , ta c bng gi tr ca x :
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
Theo phng php Euler ci tin ( Phng php hnh thang).
u i(01) u i hf ( x i , u i ) (1)
x0
x1
x2
x3
x4
x5

h
f ( x i , u i ) f ( x i 1 , u ( m ) i 1 ) . (2)
2
0
u 0 hf ( x 0 , u 0 ) 1 0,2(1 ) 1,2 .
1

u i(m11) u i

T (1) v (2) ta c u1( 0)

2.0
2.0,2
1 0,11
= 1,186667.
1,2
1
1,2

2.0,2
u 2( 0) u1(1) 0,2 f ( x1 , u1(1) ) 1,186667 0,2 1,186667
1,356585.
1,186667
h
u 2(1) u1(1) f ( x 1 , u1(1) ) f ( x 2 , u 2(0) )
2

2.0
2.0,4
1,186667 0,11,186667
1,356585
1,348325
1,186667
1,356585

u1(1) u 0

h
f ( x 0 , u 0 ) f ( x 1 , u1( 0) )
2

2.0,4

u 3( 0) u 2(1) 0, 2 f ( x 2 , u 2(1) ) 1,348325 0, 21,348325

1,499325 .
1,348325

h
u 3(1) u 2(1) f ( x 2 , u 2(1) ) f ( x 3 , u 3( 0) )
2

2.0,4
2.0,6
1,348325 0,11,348325
1, 499325
1,493721
1,348325
1,499325

2.0,6

u 4( 0) u 3(1) 0, 2 f ( x 3 , u 3(1) ) 1,493721 0,21,493721

1,631793 .
1,493721

h
f ( x 3 , u 3(1) ) f ( x 4 , u 4( 0) )
2

2.0,6
2.0,8
1,493721 0,11, 493721
1,631793
1,627884
1,493721
1,631793

u 4(1) u 3(1)

2.0,8

u 5( 0) u 4(1) h. f ( x 4 , u 4(1) ) 1,627884 0,21,627884

1,756887 .
1,627884

h
u 5(1) u 4(1) f ( x 4 , u 4(1) ) f ( x 5 , u 5(0) )
2

2.0,8
2.1
1,627884 0,11,627884
1,756887
1,754236.
1,627884
1,756887

Vy nghim gn ng cn tnh l u5(1) = 1,754236

Cu 26. Cho bi ton Cauchy y / x y .
y(0)= 1. Hy tm nghim gn ng bng phng php Euler ci tin vi chnh xc
n 4 ch s l thp phn trng nhau, gi tr ca y(0,1). chn bc h = 0,05.
Gii:
Theo bi bc h = 0,05. f(x,y) = x + y Theo cng thc Euler ci tin ta c:
h
f ( x i , u i ) f ( x i 1 , u i(m1) ) (1)
2
u i hf ( xi , u i ) (2)

u i(m11) u i
u i(01)

T (1) v (2) ta c: u1( 0) u 0 hf ( x0 , u 0 ) 1 0,05(0 1) 1,05

h
0,05
f ( x 0 , u 0 ) f ( x1 , u1( 0) ) 1
0 1 0,05 1,05 1,0525
2
2
h
0,05
u1( 2 ) u 0 f ( x 0 , u 0 ) f ( x1 , u1(1) ) 1
0 1 0,05 1,0525 1,05256
2
2
Ta thy u1( 2) - u1(1) = 1,05256 1,0525 = 0,00006 < 10-4 t yu cu chnh xc, ly gn
u1(1) u 0

ng
u1 = 1,0526.
Tnh tip cho u 2 , ta c:
u 2( 0) u1 h. f x1 , u1 1,0526 0,05(0,05 1,0526) 1,1077.
h
0,05
u 2(1) u 1 f ( x 1 , u1 ) f ( x 2 , u 2( 0) ) 1,0526
0,05 1,0526 0,1 1,1077 1,11036
2
2
h
0,05
u 2( 2) u 1 f ( x 1 , u1 ) f ( x 2 , u 2(1) ) 1,0526
0,05 1,0526 0,1 1,11036 1,11042
2
2
Cng nh vi u1 ta c u 2( 2) u2(1) = 0,00006<10-4. Ta c th ly y(0,1) = u (0,1) =
u 2 1,1104.

Cu 27. Cho bi ton Cauchy y / 1 y 2

y (0) 0

Hy tm nghim gn ng bng phng php Runge Kutta cp 4 trn 0;0,6 .

Chn bc h= 0,2.

Gii Theo bi ra, ta c x0 0, b 0,6, h 0,2

n

b x0 0,6 0

3
h
0,2

Ta c bng:
x0
x1
x2
x3

0
0,2
0,4
0,6
u0 0

* Tnh u1 vi

x0 0

Ta c
k1 h. f ( x 0 , u 0 ) 0,2(1 0 2 ) 0,2
k 2 h. f ( x0 0,5h; u 0 0,5k1 ) 0,2(1 0,12 ) 0,202
k 3 h. f ( x 0 0,5.h; u 0 0,5.k 2 ) 0, 2(1 0,1012 ) 0,2020402
k 4 h. f ( x0 h; u 0 k 3 ) 0,2(1 2020402 2 ) 0,208164048
1
1
u1 u 0 (k1 2k 2 2k 3 k 4 ) 0 (0,2 2.0,202 2.0,2020402 0, 208164048)
6
6
0,202707408

u1 0,202707408
x1 0,2

*Tnh u 2 vi
Ta c:

k1 h. f ( x1 , u1 ) 0,2(1 0,202707408 2 ) 0,208218058

k 2 h. f ( x1 0,5h; u1 0,5k1 ) 0,2(1 0,306816437 2 ) 0, 218827265
k 3 h. f ( x1 0,5.h; u1 0,5.k 2 ) 0, 2(1 0,31212104 2 ) 0,219483908
k 4 h. f ( x1 h; u1 k 3 ) 0, 2(1 0, 422191316 2 ) 0, 235649101
1
1
u 2 u1 (k1 2k 2 2k 3 k 4 ) 0,202707408 (0,208218058 2.0,218827265
6
6
2.0,219483908 0,235649101) 0,422788992.

u 2 0,422788992
x 2 0, 4

*Tnh u 3 vi
Ta c:

k1 h. f ( x 2 , u 2 ) 0,2(1 0,422788992 2 ) 0, 235750106

k 2 h. f ( x 2 0,5h; u 2 0,5k1 ) 0,2(1 0,540664045 2 ) 0,258463521
k 3 h. f ( x 2 0,5.h; u 2 0,5.k 2 ) 0, 2(1 0,552020752 2 ) 0,260945382
k 4 h. f ( x 2 h; u 2 k 3 ) 0, 2(1 0,683734374 2 ) 0,293498538
1
1
u 3 u 2 (k1 2k 2 2k 3 k 4 ) 0, 422788992 (0,235750106 2.0,258463521
6
6
2.0,260945382 0,293498538) 0,6841334.

u 3 0,6841334
x3 0,6

*Tnh u 4 vi

k1 h. f ( x3 , u 3 ) 0, 2(1 0,6841334 2 ) 0,293607701

k 2 h. f ( x3 0,5h; u 3 0,5k1 ) 0,2(1 0,83093725 2 ) 0,338091342
k 3 h. f ( x3 0,5.h; u 3 0,5.k 2 ) 0, 2(1 0,8531790712 ) 0,345582905
k 4 h. f ( x3 h; u 3 k 3 ) 0, 2(1 1,029716305 2 ) 0,412063133
1
1
u 4 u 3 (k1 2k 2 2k 3 k 4 ) 0,6841334 (0,293607701 2.0,338091342
6
6
2.0,345582905 0, 412063133) 1,029636621

Bi 28: Dng phng php trung im gii bi ton sau:

=
Vi 0
phn.

1; y(0) =1, chn bc h =0,2. Kt qu lm trn 6 ch s l thp

Bi gii

Ta c: U0= y(0) =1
p dng phng php trung im ta tnh c:
+

1=

U0 + (U0-

U1= U0 + h(
+

2=

U1 + (U1-

U2= U1 + h(
+

3=

U2 + (U2-

U3= U2 + h(
+

4=

U3 + (U3-

U4= U3 + h(
+

5=

U4 + (U4-

U5= U4 + h(
+

6=

U5 + (U5-

U6= U5 + h(

)=1
1-

)) = 1,000999

) = 1,003088
2-

)) = 1,010495

) = 1,019277
3-

)) = 1,037935

) = 1,057977
4-

)) = 1,091733

) = 1,126575
5-

)) = 1,177547

) = 1,229245
6-

)) = 1,2982670

Bi 29: Dng phng php trung im gii bi ton sau:

=
Vi 0,3 0,5; y(0,3) =0,943747, chn bc h =0,1. Kt qu lm trn 6 ch s
l thp phn.

Bi gii
Ta c: U0= y(0) =0,943747

p dng phng php trung im ta tnh c:

+)

+ (

+ (

+ (

) = 0,926822832
(

+)

+)

+ (

+ (

+ (

).

) = 0,891524

) = 0,859038
(

).

) = 0,813037

) = 0,764708
(

).

) = 0,696278

Vy nghim gn ng cn tm l: U3= = 0,696278