It is clear that films of high resolution incur a distinct penalty in terms of speed. From Fig. 2.

24 it appears that a reduction of 8 X - 10 X in film speed must be accepted in order to obtain a two-fold increase in emulsion resolving power. However, we should not be tempted to assess an emulsion solely on the basis of its speed. There is appreciable scatter in the points of Fig. 2.24, indicating that some films may give better performance than others of similar or lower speed. This chapter has explored a number of ways in which photographic performance can be expressed quantitatively. Such data can help greatly in the selection of materials and equipment, but it is rarely that our decisions can be based entirely on this academic level. The need for practical tests will always remain; the images can then be realistically assessed for the purpose in hand. References
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
EFRON, E, Photogramm Engng, 34, 1058- 62 (1968). NEWTON, A. M. and LAVIN, E. P., J Phot Sci, 16, 148-53(1968). MCGLAMERY, B. L., J Opt Soc Amer, 57, 293-7 (1967). HUANG, T. S., Opto-Electronics, 1, No. 1, 49-59 (1969). Lugt, A. V., Optica Acta, 15, No. 1, 1-33 (1968). ALTMAN, J. H., JSMPTE, 76, 629-34 (1967). TIPPETT, J. T., BERKOWITZ, D. A., CLAPP, L. C., KOESTER, C. J. and VANDERBRUGH, A., Optical and electro-optical information processing, M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass (1965). CLARK, G. L. and ZAREM, A. M., JSMPTE, 76, 1183-88 (1967). LEVY, M., Phot Sci Eng, 11, 46-53 (1967). ALTMAN, J. H., op cit. Photo Lab Index, pp 23.23 to 23.35, Morgan & Morgan, New York (1964). LEHMBECK, D. R., Phot Sci Eng, 11, 270-78 (1967). HAMWORTH, VISCOUNT and MANNHEIM, L. A., Spencer's Colour Photography in Practice, Focal Press, London (1969). Hunt, R. W. G., The Reproduction of Colour, Fountain Press, London, 2nd edn (1967). Yule, J. A. C., Principles of Color Reproduction, Wiley, New York (1967). WRIGHT, W. D., The measurement of colour, 3rd edn, Hilger & Watts, London (1964). GOWLEY, J., Rib, H. T. and MILES, R. D., Phot Sci Eng, 12, 27-35 (1968). FLEISHER, H., PENGELLY, P., REYNOLDS, J., SCHOOLS, R. and SINCERBOX, G., Optical and electro-optical information processing, Ch 1, M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass (1965). RIESENFELD, J., Phot Sci Eng, 11, 415-8 (1967). ALTMAN, J. H. and ZWEIG, H. J., Phot Sci Eng, 7, 173 (1963). HIGGINS, G. C., Photographic systems for engineers, Ed F. M. Brown, H. J. Hall, and J. Kosar, Ch 10, SPSE, Washington (1966). DAVIES, E. R., J Phot Sci, 16, 217-28 (1968).

23. 24. 25. 26.

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

19. 20. 21. 22.

FISHER, M. G.,J Phot Sci, 10, 65-73 (1962). HIGGINS, G. C., op cit, pp 193-7. HIGGINS, G. C., op cit, pp 190-2. SOULE, H. V., Electro-optical photography at low illumination levels, Ch 12, Wiley, New York (1968). 27. MARTZ, E. P., JSMPTE, 67, 228-31 (1958). 28. WASHER, F. E. and GARDNER, I. C., Method for de termining the resolving power of lenses, NBS Circular 533(1953). 29. ANON, BJPhot, 115, 604-5 (1968). 30. JAMES, T. H. and HIGGINS, G. C., Fundamentals of photographic theory, Ch 13, Morgan & Morgan, New York (1959). 31. ASA PH4.14-1964, Evaluation of developers with respect to graininess of black and white films and plates. 32. BARROWS, R. S., Phot Sci Eng, 1, 15-22 (1957). 33. ZWICK, D., J Phot Sci, 11, 269-75 (1963). 34. JONES, R. C., J Opt Soc Amer, 45, 799-808 (1955). 35. KLEIN, E. and LANGNER, G., J Phot Sci, 11, 177-85 (1963). 36. DOERNER, E. C., J Opt Soc Amer, 52, 669-72 (1962). 37. Monochrome photography for web-offset newsprint, Graphic Systems Data Sheet No. 7, Ilford Ltd. 38. PERRIN, F. H., The theory of the photographic process, Ed C. E. K. Mccs and T. H. James, p 510, Macmillan, New York (1966). [This book gives a thorough coverage of most of the subjects relevant to this chapter and a comprehensive bibliography.] 39. STAPLETON, R. E.,J Phot Sci, 12, 289-95 (1964). 40. VENDROVSKY, K and PAKOUSHKO, I., J Phot Sci, 12, 71-5 (1964). 41. PERRIN, F. H., op cit, pp 511-12. 42. HIGGINS, G. C., op cit, p 205. 43. KUWABARA, G., Jn Opt Soc Amer, 45, 309-19 (1955). 44. Cox, A., Photographic optics, pp 164-6, 266-7, Focal Press, London (1966). 45. STEVENS, G. W. W., / Phot Sci, 16, 250-55 (1968). 46. BROCK, G. C., / Phot Sci, 16, 241-49 (1968). 47. Method of determining the resolving power of lenses for cameras, BS 1613:1961. 48. NELSON, C. E., Microfilm technology, Ch 13, McGraw- Hill, New York (1965).

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