Professional Documents
Culture Documents
>1.08d
k
, where d
>4/3d
k
. The length of the rope section under inspection shall not
exceed 25 d
k
.
7. Ropes shall not be accepted for further operation if the following is found:
- basket-shaped displacement (Figure 9);
- core extrusion (Figure 10);
- strand extrusion or separation (Figure 11);
- local increase of the rope diameter (Figure 12);
- local decrease of the rope diameter (Figure 6);
- squashed areas (Figure 13);
- kinks (Figure 14);
- breaks (Figure 15);
- bends (Figure 16);
- damage resulting from temperature impacts or electric arc discharges.
Figure 9. Basket-Shaped Displacement
Figure 10. Core Extrusion
Figure 11. Strand Wires Extrusion
a) in one strand;
b) in several strands
138
Figure 12. Local Increase of the Rope
Diameter
Figure 13. Rope Squashing.
Figure 14. Kink
Figure 15. Rope Break
Figure 16. Rope Bend
139
APPENDIX 11
(Reference)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ISO 4301/1, 4302, 4308/1, 4308/2, 4310 and
8087
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4301/1 (CRANES AND LIFTING UNITS.
CLASSIFICATION. PART 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS).
Introduction
Load-lifting cranes (hereinafter cranes) are applied to lift and relocate loads, weights
of which do not exceed their rated load-lifting capacities. Cranes of one type (e.g.,
overhead travelling ones) and cranes of different types (e.g., a tower crane for
construction and a port crane with a considerable lifting capacity) may have different
operating conditions. Crane designing shall account for conditions of operation to
ensure the required level of safety and durability that will comply with the requirements
of the customer. Classification is a system that is used as a tool to establish an effective
basis to design structures and machines, and as a basis to develop relations between the
Customer and Producer. The Classification will assist in selecting a particular crane for
the envisaged type of work.
The Classification reviews such operating conditions only that are not dependent on the
crane type and the ways of its control. Further International Standards will establish the
portions of the classification line that will be applicable to various crane types (i.e.,
overhead travelling, self-propelled, tower, etc.).
This International Standard establishes crane classification and forms a part of ISO 4301
International Standard.
A complete list of ISO 4301 parts is as follows:
Part 1. General Provisions.
Part 2. Self-Propelled Boom Cranes.
Part 3. Tower Cranes.
Part 4. Portal and Pedestal Cranes.
Part 5. Overhead Travelling and Gantry Cranes.
1. Purpose and Scope of Application
This International Standard establishes crane classification on the basis of operating
cycles performed during an expected period of the crane service, and the load
distribution factor, which represents rated loading conditions.
This Standard does not assume that the same method of load modelling or testing
method will be applicable to all types of devices included into ISO/TK 96 assortment.
140
2. Application of the Classification
In practice, the Classification may have two ways of application that may be considered
separately.
2.1. General Classification of a Lifting Unit
The first application of the Classification will allow the crane Purchaser and
Producer to achieve an agreement about operating conditions of that particular
crane. Hence, it is a contractual and technical reference matter, and is used for
designing. The classification method is represented in Section 3.
2.2. Classification for Designing Purposes
The second application of the Classification will allow the Designer to analyse
the project on its basis, and prove that the crane under his design is able to
operate during a certain service period in certain operating conditions
established for that particular type of application.
The Designer will receive the data of load distribution submitted by the
Customer or provided by the Producer (in case of serial equipment designing),
include them into initial data, on which his analysis will be based, and considers
the factors that govern sizes of the crane parts.
The form of load distribution requisition, on the basis of which the required data
may be identified, is to be developed in one of future International Standards.
3. Crane Classification Groups in General
To identify a group the crane refers to, it is required to consider the class of application
and loading conditions.
3.1. Application Class.
The Customer expects that during the service period the crane will perform a
certain number of operating cycles, which is one of the main parameters for
classification. In specific types of work (e.g., in bulk unloading by way of a
gripping device), the number of cycles may be obtained if the summarised
number of operating hours and the number of operating cycles per hour are
known. In other cases, e.g., when self-propelled cranes are considered, the total
number of operating cycles is more difficult to obtain, as such cranes are used in
various conditions; in this case appropriate values shall be obtained by
experiment. The total number of operating cycles is a sum of all operating
cycles per a certain period of the crane service.
Economic and engineering factors, influence of the environment and
obsolescence shall be taken into account when identifying a crane service life.
141
The total number of operating cycles depends on the frequency of the crane
usage. For the sake of classification, the whole range of potential operating
cycle numbers has been divided into ten application classes (Table 1). The
operating cycle commences, when a load is ready for lifting, and completes,
when the crane is ready to lift the next load.
Table 1.
Class of Crane Application
Application Class Maximum Number
of Operating Cycles
Notes
U
0
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
U
5
U
6
U
7
U
8
U
9
1.6x10
4
3.2x10
4
6.3x10
4
1.25x10
5
2.5x10
5
5x10
5
1x10
6
2x10
6
4x10
6
above 4x10
6
Irregular usage
Regular usage in easy conditions
Regular usage with intervals
Regular intensive usage
Intensive usage
3.2 Loading Conditions.
Another basic parameter of classification is that of loading conditions. Loading
conditions are related to the number of load lifts, while the load is of a particular
weight expressed in parts of the crane load lifting capacity. Table 2 shows the
rated values of load distribution factors for a crane (K
p
), and each of them
characterises a corresponding loading condition.
Table 2
Nominal Factors of Load Distribution for Cranes
Loading Condition Rated Factor of
Load Distribution
Notes
Q1 easy
Q2 moderate
Q3 heavy
Q4 rather heavy
0.125
0.25
0.50
1.00
Cranes that systematically lift light
loads, and rarely nominal loads.
Cranes that systematically lift
average loads, and rather often
nominal loads.
Cranes that systematically lift heavy
loads, and often nominal loads.
Cranes that systematically lift loads
close to nominal.
If numbers and weights of loads that are lifted during the crane service life are
not available, selection of the appropriate loading class shall be agreed between
the Producer and Customer.
142
If exact information about the numbers and weights of loads that are lifted
during the crane service life is known, the ratio of load distribution for the crane
may be modelled in the following way:
The load distribution factor for the K
p
crane shall be obtained utilising the
following equation:
where C
i
is the average number of operating cycles, with particular levels of the
load weight, = C
1
, C
2
, C
3
, , C
n
;
C
T
, is the total number of operating cycles with all the loads:
= E C
T
, = C
1
, + C
2
, + C
3
, + , + C
n
;
P
i
are values of separate load weights (load levels) for a typical application of
the particular crane:
P
i
= P
1
, P
2
, P
3
, , P
n
;
P
max
is the weight of the largest load (nominal, rated load) that is acceptable for
the crane to lift;
m = 3
Detailed, equation (1) shall look as follows:
The rated value of the load distribution factor for a crane shall be established on
the basis of Table 2 (the closest larger value shall be assumed).
3.3 Identification of the Crane Classification Group in General
After identification of the application class in accordance with Table 1 and the
loading conditions on the basis of Table 2, the Classification Group of the
particular crane may be established utilising Table 3.
Table 3
Crane Classification Groups in General
Loading
Conditions
Load
Distribution
Factor
Application Class and Maximum Number of Operating Cycles for the
Particular Unit
U
0
U
1
U
2
U
3
U
4
U
5
U
6
U
7
U
8
U
9
Q1 easy 0.125 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
Q2 moderate 0.25 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
143
Q3 heavy 0.5 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
Q4 rather
heavy
1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
Application of classification groups to model separate types of cranes will be developed
in future International Standards.
4. Gear Classification Groups in General
4.1. Class of Gear Application
A class of gear application is characterised by envisaged total duration of their
operation in hours, and rated classes shown in Table 4.
Table 4
Class of Gear Application
Application Class Total Duration of
Testing, hrs
Notes
T
0
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4
T
5
T
6
T
7
T
8
T
9
200
400
800
1600
3200
6300
12500
25000
50000
100000
Irregular usage
Regular usage in easy conditions
Regular usage with intervals
Regular intensive usage
Intensive usage
The maximum total duration of operation may be obtained on the basis of
envisaged daily time of application in hours, the number of working days per
year, and the expected service life in years.
In this Classification, it was assumed that the time of gear operation is
understood as the time, during which the gear is moving.
The values of total duration of application shall be only viewed as theoretical,
conventionally assumed, and serving as initial data to design gear parts, for
which application time is the criteria for selection (e.g., ball bearings, toothed
gear wheels, and shafts). They cannot be considered as guaranteed values.
4.2. Loading Conditions
Loading conditions determine relative duration, with which gear will be exposed
to maximum or lowered loads. Table 5 gives rated loading conditions.
Table 5
144
Nominal Factors of Load Distribution for Gear (K
m
)
Loading Condition Rated Factor of
Load Distribution
Notes
L1 easy
L2 moderate
L3 heavy
L4 rather heavy
0.125
0.25
0.50
1.00
Gear that is systematically exposed
to light loads, and rarely to the
highest loads.
Gear that is systematically exposed
to moderate loads, and rather often
to the highest loads.
Gear that is systematically exposed
to heavy loads, and often to the
highest loads.
Gear that is systematically exposed
to the highest loads.
The load distribution factor for K
m
gear shall be calculated on the basis of the
following equation:
where t
i
is the average duration of the gear application, with particular levels of
the load, = t
1
, t
2
, t
3
, , t
n
;
t
T
is the total duration with all the particular levels of the load:
= E t
T
, = t
1
, + t
2
, + t
3
, + , + t
n
;
P
i
are values of separate loads (load levels) typical for that particular gear
application:
P
i
= P
1
, P
2
, P
3
, , P
n
;
P
max
is the largest load that may be applied to the gear;
m = 3
Detailed, equation (3) shall look as follows:
Rated values of the load factor for gear shall be established on the basis of Table
5 (the closest larger value shall be assumed).
4.3. Identification of the Gear Classification Group in General
145
The Classification Group of the particular gear shall be established on the basis
of Table 6 after identification of the application class and the loading conditions.
Table 3
Gear Classification Groups in General
Loading
Conditions
Rated Load
Distribution
Factor, m
Gear Application Class
T
0
T
1
T
2
T
3
T
4
T
5
T
6
T
7
T
8
T
9
L1 easy 0.125 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8
L2 moderate 0.25 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8
L3 heavy 0.5 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8
L4 rather
heavy
1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8
Application of classification groups to model separate types of gear will be
developed in future International Standards.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4301/2 (LIFTING UNITS.
CLASSIFICATION. PART 2. SELF-PROPELLED BOOM CRANES).
Introduction
This International Standard establishes crane classification and forms a part of ISO 4301
International Standard.
A complete list of ISO 4301 parts is as follows:
Part 1. General Provisions.
Note: Part 1 is to be developed on the basis of current ISO 4301.
Part 2. Self-Propelled Boom Cranes.
Part 3. Tower Cranes.
Part 4. Portal and Pedestal Cranes.
Part 5. Overhead Travelling and Gantry Cranes.
1. Purpose and Scope of Application
This International Standard establishes classification of self-propelled boom cranes and
appropriate crane gear on the basis of the number of operating cycles performed during
an expected period of a self-propelled boom crane or gear service, and the load
distribution factor, which characterises rated loading conditions.
The Standard shall be applicable to the basic types of self-propelled boom cranes and
gear in accordance with ISO 4306/2.
2. References
ISO 4301. Lifting Units. Classification
146
ISO 4306/2. Lifting Units. Glossary. Part 2. Self-Propelled Boom Cranes.
ISO 4308. Cranes. Wire Cable Selection.
3. Classification.
Classification of self-propelled boom cranes and their gear into groups on the basis of
operation conditions is represented in Table 1.
Table 1
Classification of Self-Propelled Boom Cranes into Groups*
Crane Operating Conditions Groups
Cranes for general load-lifting operations, with a hook, not
applied for continuous operation.
Cranes equipped with a clamshell, grapple or magnet.
Heavy conditions, e.g., container loading/unloading and
general operations in docks.
A1
A3
A4
* Corresponding lines of Q factors (loading conditions) and U (application class)
are given in ISO 4301.
4. Classification of Gear into Groups
Classification of self-propelled boom crane gear into groups is represented in Table 2.
Table 2
Classification of Gear into Groups (Refer to the Note)
Gear Purpose Crane Operating Conditions
A1 A3 A4
Load lifting
Crane rotation
Boom lifting and lowering
Telescoping
Crane locomotion (within the site only):
wheel-mounted crane
caterpillar crane
M3
M2
M2
M1
M1
M1
M4
M3
M3
M2
M1
M2
M6
M4
M3
M1*
M1
M2
* The function of telescoping is not performed with suspended loads.
Notes.
1. Refer to Table 6, ISO 4301
2. Appropriate lines of L factors (loading conditions) and T (application class) stated in
Table 6, ISO 4301 are applicable for M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5.
3. The above Classification shall not refer to values of Z
p
for cables and values of h for
the ratio of drum and block diameters (see ISO 4308).
147
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4308/1 (CRANES AND LIFTING UNITS.
WIRE CABLE SELECTION. PART 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS).
Introduction
This International Standard is a part of ISO 4308 International Standard related to the
issue of steel wire cable selection for cranes and lifting equipment.
A complete list of ISO 4308 parts is as follows:
Part 1. General Provisions.
Part 2. Self-Propelled Boom Cranes.
Part 3. Tower Cranes.
Part 4. Portal and Pedestal Cranes.
Part 5. Overhead Travelling and Gantry Cranes.
1. Purpose and Scope of Application
This International Standard establishes two methods of wire cable selection for hoisting
units, types of which are set forth in ISO 4306/1 and listed in Appendix A.
This Standard establishes minimum requirements for wire ropes that shall have an
acceptable margin of stress and operational features accounting for their design,
application and maintenance.
The Standard gives the potential to select a wire cable utilising one of the two methods;
one of them is based on accounting for the value of the cable selection factor (C), and
the other accounts for the value of the utilisation factor (Z
p
). Table 1 shows the values
of the above factors.
Table 1
Values of Z
P
and C Factors (for R
0
=1570 N/mm
2
, and K=0.2948)
Gear Classification Group Z
p
C, mm/N
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
3.15
3.35
3.35
4.0
4.5
5.6
7.1
9.0
0.085
0.087
0.090
0.095
0.100
0.112
0.125
0.140
Note: Equation (1) gives exact ratio between the C and Z
p
factors. The values of C and
Z
p
are adjusted and correspond to numbers of the Renards series.
148
For a particular crane type (self-propelled boom, overhead travelling, gantry, etc.),
classification groups shall be selected in accordance with ISO 4301/1. Cable selection
shall account for values of C and Z
p
factor s (or their design equivalents) only.
2. References
ISO 2408. Steel Wire Cables of General Purpose. Specifications.
ISO 4301/1. Cranes and Lifting Units. Classification. Part 1. General Provisions.
ISO 4306/1. Lifting Units. Glossary. Part 1. General Terminology.
ISO 4309. Wire Cables for Lifting Units. Methods of Inspection and Discarding.
3. Cable Type
A wire cable to be used shall comply with the requirements of ISO 2408.
A steel cable that is not specified in ISO 2408 may be applied; in such cases the Vendor
shall confirm to the Customer that the cable complies with the minimum requirements
provided by the appropriate section of ISO 4308 Standard.
4. Operating Conditions
Classification of lifting unit gear shall be made accounting for operating conditions
specified in ISO 4301/1.
5. Cable Selection Procedure
5.1. Calculation of the cable selection factor (C).
The value of C is a function of Z
p
, and shall be calculated I accordance with the
following equation:
where C is the cable selection factor (minimum);
K is an empirically determined factor of the minimum breaking load of a
particular design cable (see Table 2 of ISO 2408);
R
0
is the minimum ultimate tensile strength limit of the cable wires, N/mm
2-
;
Z
p
is the minimum actual utilisation factor.
5.2. Values of the utilisation factor (Z
p
). Table 1 shows values of the Z
p
factor that
shall be applied for each gear classification group to comply with the minimum
requirements of the appropriate ISO 4308 Section, and design values of the C
-
1 N/mm
2
= 10
6
N/m
2
= 1 MPa.
149
factor, which correspond to, e.g., a cable with a particular tensile strength (R
0
=
157o N/mm), and empirical factor (K = 0.2948).
For cables with other than stated above ultimate tensile strength limit (R
0
) and
empirical factor (K), values of the C factor may be calculated utilising
equations (1) and (2).
5.3. Calculations of the minimum cable diameter.
The minimum cable diameter (d) in millimetres shall be identified in accordance
with the following equation:
where C is the cable selection factor, and S is the maximum cable tension in
Newtons, accounting for the following:
a) the rated operating load of the unit;
b) the weight of the tacking and/or other lifting device;
c) multiplicity of reeving (the polyspast transmission ratio);
d) the polyspast efficiency;
e) the weight of the hanging portion of the load rope (if the lifted load is
more than 5 metres below the turning gear of the lifting device).
5.4. Estimation of the minimum breaking tension.
The minimum breaking tension shall be identified in accordance with the
following equation:
F
0
= S x Z
p
(3)
Examples of a cable selection are given in Appendix B
6. Drum and Block Diameters
The minimum diameter of drums, blocks, and equalising blocks measured along the
centreline of a wound cable shall be calculated on the basis of the cable minimum
diameter, which is provided by Section 5.3, utilising appropriate values of h
1
, h
2
, and h
3
factors that depend on the gear classification group (Table 2):
D
1
> h
1
d (4), or D
2
> h
2
d (5), or D
3
> h
3
d (6)
where D
1
is the diameter of the drum on the centre line of the wound cable;
D
2
is the diameter of the block on the centre line of the wound cable;
D
3
is the diameter of the equalising block on the centre line of the wound cable;
D is the minimum diameter of the cable (Section 5.3);
150
h
1
is the drum diameter selection factor (the ratio of the drum diameter along the centre
line of the wound cable to the design cable diameter);
h
2
is the block diameter selection factor (the ratio of the block diameter along the centre
line of the wound cable to the design cable diameter);
h
3
is the equalising block diameter selection factor (the ratio of the equalising block
diameter along the centre line of the wound cable to the design cable diameter).
Table 2
Factors of h
1
, h
2
, and h
3
Selection
Gear Classification
Group
Diameter Selection Factors
Drum (h
1
) Block (h
2
) Equalising Block (h
3
)
M1 11.2 12.5 11.2
M2 12.5 14.0 12.5
M3 14.0 16.0 12.5
M4 16.0 18.0 14.0
M5 18.0 20.0 14.0
M6 20.0 22.4 16.0
M7 22.4 25.0 16.0
M8 25.0 28.0 18.0
For particular cases of hoisting equipment applications, e.g., self-propelled boom
cranes, it is recommended that a single line of h factor values should be selected
irrespective of the gear classification group.
7. Stationary Cables
Stationary cables are fastened at both ends, and are not used for winding on drums.
Such cables are selected in accordance with the requirements of Section 5.4, utilising
adjusted values of Z
p
factor specified in Table 3. The maximum tension of the cable (S)
shall be specified by the gear producer, and it shall account for both static forces, and
wind and dynamic loads.
Table 3
Z
p
Factor Value for Stationary Cables
Gear Classification Group Z
p
Factor Value
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.0
8. Hazardous Conditions
In case of operation in hazardous conditions (operations with liquid metal):
151
a) No classification group below M5 shall be applied;
b) When the cable is selected, the value for 25% Z
p
shall be considered up to
the maximum 9.0, or the value of C shall be taken for a higher classification
group.
9. Steel Wire Cable Inspection, Maintenance and Rejection
Wire cable inspection, maintenance and rejection standards in accordance with ISO
4309 are recommended for application.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4308/2 (CRANES AND LIFTING UNITS.
WIRE CABLE SELECTION. PART 2. SELF-PROPELLED BOOM CRANES.
UTILISATION FACTOR).
Introduction
This International Standard is a part of ISO 4308 International Standard related to the
issue of steel wire cable selection for cranes and lifting equipment.
A complete list of ISO 4308 parts is as follows:
Part 1. General Provisions.
Part 2. Self-Propelled Boom Cranes. Utilisation Factor.
Part 3. Tower Cranes.
Part 4. Portal and Pedestal Cranes.
Part 5. Overhead Travelling and Gantry Cranes.
1. Purpose and Scope of Application
This International Standard establishes minimum values of taken from practice
utilisation factor (Z
p
), which is specified in ISO 4308/1 for usual and non-spinning
cables applied at self-propelled boom cranes.
This Standard shall be applicable for all self-propelled cranes (see ISO 4306/2).
2. References
ISO 4301/1. Cranes and Lifting Units. Classification. Part 2. Self-Propelled Boom
Cranes.
152
ISO 4308/1. Cranes and Lifting Units. Wire Cable Selection. Part 1. General Provisions.
ISO 4306/2. Lifting Units. Glossary. Part 2. Self-Propelled Boom Cranes.
3. Utilisation Factor
3.1. General-purpose cables.
Minimum values of the utilisation factor (Z
p
) for general-purpose cables are
shown in Table 1 in accordance with the classification of cranes and lifting gear
specified in ISO 4301/2.
Table 1
General-Purpose Cables
Crane
Operating
Conditions
Crane
Classification
Moving Cables Stationary
Cables
Load Lifting Boom Lifting/Lowering,
Telescoping
In Ope
ration
During
Insta
llation Gear
Clas
sifica
tion
Z
p
Gear
Clas
sifica
tion
Z
p
in
Ope
ration
Z
p
during
Insta
llation
General A1 M3 3.55 M2 3.55 3.05 3 2.73
Continuous A3 M4 4 M3 3.55 3.05 3 2.73
Heavy A4 M5 4.5 M3 3.55 3.05 3 2.73
Note. It is assumed that cable safety during operation is based on selection of cable
inspection and rejection criteria.
3.2. A non-spinning cable is a cable that has eight or more strands in the external
layer laid along a spiral in the direction opposite to the direction of the
underlying layer.
Minimum values of the utilisation factor (Z
p
) for non-spinning cables are shown
in Table 2 in accordance with the classification specified in ISO 4301/2.
Table 1
General-Purpose Cables
Crane Operating Conditions Crane Classification Moving Cables for Load
Lifting, Z
p
General A1 4.5
153
Continuous A3 5.6
Heavy A4 5.6
Note. The Table shows conventional types of non-spinning cables. As new types of
non-spinning cables appear resulting from future researches, other values of utilisation
factors will be obtained.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4310 (CRANES, REGULATIONS AND
METHODS OF TESTING)
1. Purpose and Scope of Application
This International Standard establishes contents and methods of testing that are required
to check whether cranes comply with their specified characteristics, as well as to check
their capacity to lift rated loads. If stability determines the value of a rated load, then a
testing method and a testing load shall be established, which will allow the stability
margin to be easily tested.
This Standard shall be applicable for the following types of cranes:
a) overhead travelling;
b) gantry;
c) portal;
d) self-propelled boom and excavator cranes;
e) tower;
f) railway;
g) cable cranes;
h) other types of cranes that may be included into the list additionally.
2. Methods and Scope of Testing
2.1. Three types of testing shall be applied to achieve objectives specified in this
International Standard:
a) Testing for a crane compliance with the data specified in its certificate
(Section 3.1);
b) External inspection of the crane (Section 3.2); and
c) Testing to check if the crane is adequate for operations (Sections 3.4, 3.5,
and 3.6);
2.2. Each crane shall pass the tests, methods of which are stated above. In case of
large-scale production, the number of cranes to be tested (Section 2.1) shall be
established on a mutual agreement between the Seller and the Buyer
-
-
Legal Parties that have executed a contract: the Seller is the Party to supply the crane, and the Buyer is
the Party receiving the crane.
154
2.3 Cranes supplied from producing plants ready for operation shall have been tested
at the plant prior to their shipment. Cranes that are installed or finally assembled
at their operation locations shall be tested at such locations unless otherwise has
been provided by agreements between the Seller and the Buyer.
3. Content and Methods of Testing
3.1. Testing for a crane compliance with the data specified in its certificate.
Testing for a crane compliance with the certificate data shall be carried out in
accordance with their load characteristics to check the following parameters:
- Weight of the crane (if practical);
- Distance from the rotation axis to the stability edge;
- Height of the load lifting;
- Speed of the load lifting;
- Speed of landing;
- Speed of the crane locomotion;
- Speed of the trolley travelling;
- Rotation speed;
- Time for radius modification;
- Time for telescoping;
- Time for one cycle (if required);
- Operation of limiting devices;
- Operating characteristics of the power drive parameters, e.g., current
intensity in electric engines under conditions of testing loads application.
3.2. Visual inspection.
A visual inspection shall include a check for the crane compliance with the
certificate data and/or a check for conditions of all the critical elements, such as:
- gear, electric equipment, safety devices, brakes, control devices, lighting
and signalling systems;
- steel structures and their joints, ladders passage ways, cabins and
platforms;
- railing;
- the hook or other load gripping device and their suspension parts;
- cables and their fastening locations;
- blocks, axels and details of their fastening, as well as components of the
boom suspension system.
155
No disassembling of any assembled parts shall be included into the visual
inspection. Visual inspection includes a check of leads for their normal opening
in the course of standard operation, e.g., lids of limit switches.
The objective of the visual inspection is to examine and check compliance with
all the specified requirements for cranes.
3.3. Testing during operations with loads.
Tests for the crane adequacy for operation include the following:
- Static testing;
- Dynamic testing;
- Testing for stability (if required).
3.3.1 Static testing.
3.3.1.1. Static tests shall be carried out with the purpose to check the design
adequacy of the crane and its assembly units.
Tests shall be considered successful if during their performance no
cracks, residual deformation, paint peeling or damage that may influence
the crane operability and safety are identified, and no joint retention loss
or damage occurs.
3.3.1.2. Static tests shall be also carried out for each load-lifting unit, if it is
provided by the crane certificate, at simultaneous operation of load lifting
units in positions and design options that shall be selected so that
tensions in cables, as well as mending momentums and/or axial forces in
the basic crane components were the highest. A testing load shall be
gradually increased, lifted to the height of 100-200 mm from the ground
surface and held in that position during the time, which is required to
carry out the test, but at least 10 minutes.
3.3.1.3. The testing load (P) for all cranes shall be at least 1.25, unless a higher
value is required in accordance with National Standards or cable
positions.
Components of the P value are as follows:
a) Load on the lifting gear, including the weight of the effective
load, as well as the weight of the hook unit and rigging devices
(for self-propelled cranes);
b) The rated load-lifting capacity for the equipment established by
the producer. The rated load-lifting capacity shall not include any
lifting devices being a permanent part of the crane in operating
position (for other cranes).
156
3.3.2. Dynamic testing.
3.3.2.1. Dynamic tests shall be carried out with the purpose to inspect operation
of the crane gear and brakes.
The crane shall be considered as having successfully passed the test if it
is established that the above mentioned components perform their
functions, and if further visual inspection reveals no damage to the gear
or structural elements, and no joint retention loss occurs.
The crane shall be controlled during the tests in accordance with
requirements specified in the crane documentation. Attention shall be
paid in the course of the described tests to prevent accelerations and
speeds from exceeding the values specified for the crane operation.
3.3.2.2. Dynamic tests shall be carried out for each gear or, if it is provided by
the crane certificate, at simultaneous operation of the gear in positions
and design options that correspond to the maximum loading of the gear.
Testing shall include a re-start and a stop at each movement within the
whole range of such movement, and shall continue for at least 1 hour,
while complying with that particular operation cycle.
Testing shall include gear start-up from the intermediate position, with
suspended test load. In such case no reverse movement with the test load
shall occur.
3.3.2.3. The testing load (P) shall be at least 1.1.
3.3.3. Testing for stability.
3.3.3.1. Tests for stability under load shall be carried out with the purpose to
check the crane stability. The crane shall be considered as having
successfully passed the test if no tilt of the crane occurs, when a static
load is applied to the hook.
3.3.3.2. In case of self-propelled boom cranes, the testing load for stability tests
shall be established utilising the following equation:
1.25P +0.1F
i
(1)
where F
i
(F
1
or F
2
) is the weight of the crane boom (G), or the weight of
the gooseneck (g) adjusted to the head of the boom or gooseneck.
If the weight of the boom (G) is small, and the gooseneck is designed for
relatively small loads, testing for stability shall not be carried out in
accordance with equation (1), with the test load lifted on the gooseneck
head.
157
In such case requirements to stability shall be checked by way of
calculations.
Note: The value of 1.25P may vary in cases, when higher values are
required.
A drawing below shows a side view of a typical crane, with the described
parameters identified:
L and l are lengths of the boom and gooseneck (for telescopic booms it is
the length of the boom under discussion); X, Y and x, y are coordinates
of the boom and gooseneck gravity centres; j and k are radii of the boom
and gooseneck; m and n are gravity centre radii for the boom and
gooseneck;
Fi shall be calculated in accordance with the following equation:
Designation of Parameters to Estimate Loads for Stability Testing
158
For cranes equipped with a boom only, k=n=g=0, and
For cranes equipped with both a boom and a gooseneck, if the load is
lifted on the boom head, k=0, and
if the load is lifted on the gooseneck head,
Note: Values of P, G, g and the centre of gravity coordinates X, Y and x,
y shall be established in the crane documents for each value of L and l.
3.3.3.3. No special tests for stability shall be carried out for all cranes, with the
exception of self-propelled ones.
3.3.3.4. Tests shall be carried out at such positions and design options within a
specified operating area, at which the crane stability is minimum.
If different loads are established for different positions or operating
areas, stability testing shall be carried out to select such conditions.
3.4. A Testing Statement.
On completion of testing in accordance with Section 2.1, a Statement shall be
drawn out, which shall include conclusions and testing results. The Statement
shall state the serial No. of the tested crane, the date and testing location, and the
name of Testing Supervisor. Exact loads, positions, design options, methods and
testing results shall be also specified for each separate case.
With reference to cranes that comply with the requirements of Clause 2.1 b only,
the Statement may be drawn in a shortened form. Such Statement shall contain
the crane No., the date and location of testing, the Supervisors name and testing
results for each parameter.
159
4. Testing Conditions
4.1. To carry out testing, the crane shall be equipped with operating equipment for
the rated load in accordance with the crane documentation.
4.2. Cranes travelling along a rail track shall be tested on the track, which shall be
constructed and laid in accordance with specifications stated in the crane
certificate.
4.3. Air-tyred or caterpillar cranes shall be tested on a horizontal site with hard
cover, which will have a deviation from the horizontal line of 0.5%.
4.4. Wind speed during the testing period shall not exceed 8.3 m/sec (30 km/hr). The
crane position shall correspond to the mostly favourable conditions (wind speed)
unless it is provided by the Contract.
4.5. When air-tyred cranes are tested without outrigger application, pressure in the
tyres shall not differ from the pressure set by the producer for more than 3%, and
all the wheels shall be oriented along the crane centre line.
Note: Conditions of the overhead travelling crane bridge support shall be agreed
with the requirements of the producer.
4.6. If a crane is tested with outriggers, it shall be located with the deviation from the
horizontal line not exceeding 0.5%.
4.6.1. If an air-tyred crane is tested with outriggers, it shall be located so that its wheels
are not in contact with the ground, and are relieved from the crane weight, unless
there are other instructions of the Seller.
4.6.2. If a caterpillar crane is tested with outriggers, it shall be located so that reliable
support of outriggers on the bearing surface is ensured.
4.6.3. Cranes of other types shall be located as specified in National Regulations or
contracts.
4.7. The fuel tank shall be filled for one or two thirds of its capacity. Cooling liquid,
oil and hydraulic mixtures shall be filled up to the level specified by the Seller.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 88087 (SELF-PROPELLED CRANES.
SIZES OF DRUMS AND BLOCKS
1. Purpose and Scope of Application
This International Standard establishes the minimum ratio of the drum and block
diameter to the rated diameter of the cable used for lifting and lowering.
160
The rated diameter of a cable is an initial value, which utilisation provides for
universality of application, as it is not limited by the crane gear, while self-propelled
cranes are designed for various purposes, such as load lifting with a hook, clamshell or
electric magnet.
This International Standard shall be applicable to the main types of self-propelled cranes
in accordance with ISO 4306/2.
2. References
ISO 4301/1. Cranes and Lifting Units. Classification.
ISO 4306/2. Lifting Units. Glossary. Part 2. Self-Propelled Boom Cranes.
ISO 4308. Cranes and Lifting Units. Wire Cable Selection.
ISO 4309. Wire Cables for Lifting Units. Standards and Regulations for Inspection and
Rejection.
3. Sizes of Drums and Blocks
The minimum ratio of the drum and block diameter to the rated diameter of a cable is
shown in the table below.
Taking into account that self-propelled cranes are often designed for versatile
application, only one group of ratios is given.
Thus, the values represented have no dependence on the classification of crane gear.
The Minimum Ratio of the Diameter* to the Rated Diameter of a Cable
Component Minimum Ratio
The Drum of a Load-Lifting Winch
A Load Block (in Movable Tacking)
An Equalising Block:
Lifting
Lowering
A Boom-Lifting Drum
A Boom Lifting Block
16.0:1
18.0:1
14.0:1
12.5:1
14.0:1
16.0:1
* The diameter shall be measured on the centre line of the wound cable.
161
APPENDIX 12
(to Section 7.3.9)
THRESHOLD STANDARDS OF LOAD-LIFTING EQUIPMENT COMPONENT
REJECTION
Component Description Defects that Serve as Criteria for the Component
Rejection
Running Wheels of Cranes
and Trolleys
Blocks
Drums
Hooks
Brake Sheaves
Brake Lining
1. Cracks of any sizes.
2. Wear-out of the flange surface for up to 50% of the
original thickness.
3. Wear-out of the roll surface that reduces the original
wheel diameter by 2%.
4. A difference in the diameters of wheels that are related
cinematically, by above 0.5%.
1. Wear-out of the block groove for above 40% of the
original groove radius.
1. Cracks of any sizes.
2. Wear-out of the drum groove along the cross section
for above 2 mm.
1. Cracks and tears on the surface.
2. Wear-out of the hook opening for above 10% of the
original height of the hook vertical cross section.
1. Cracks and breaks that penetrate operating and
mounting surfaces.
2. Wear-out of the rim working surface for above 25% of
the original thickness.
1. Cracks and breaks that penetrate to openings under
rivets.
2. Wear-out of the brake lining along its thickness up to
appearance of rivet heads, or for above 50% of the
original thickness.
* For gear with the central drive.
162
APPENDIX 13
(to Section 7.3.28)
STANDARDS FOR REJECTION OF DETACHABLE LOAD-GRIPPING
DEVICES
Rejection of operating removable load-gripping devices shall be carried out in
accordance with regulatory documentation, which identifies the rejection procedure,
methods and rejection criteria.
If the owner has no regulatory documents available, rope or chain slings shall be
rejected in accordance with recommendations specified in this Appendix.
A rope sling is liable for rejection if the number of visible breaks in the rope outer wires
exceeds the values shown in the Table below.
Double Lay Rope
Slings
Number of Visible Wire Breaks within A Section of a Rope
Sling, with the Length of:
3d
4
6d
6
30d
16
Note: d is the rope diameter in millimetres.
A chain sling is liable for rejection if a chain link is extended for above 3% of its
original size (Figure 1), and if the chain link cross section diameter is reduced by above
10% due to its wear out (Figure 2).
Figure 1. Elongation of the Chain Link:
L
0
is the original length of the link, in
mm.;
L
1
is the increased length of the link, in
mm.
Figure 2. Reduction of the Chain Link
Cross Section Diameter:
d
0
is the original diameter, mm;
d
1
, d
2
are actual link cross section
diameters measured in mutually
perpendicular orientations, mm.
163
APPENDIX 14
(to Section 7.4.2)
Knowledge Assessment Certificate Form for engineering and technical personnel
responsible for supervision of load-lifting equipment safe operation, engineering and
technical personnel responsible for load-lifting equipment maintenance in good
serviceable conditions, and persons responsible for safe performance of work by cranes.
______________________________________________________________________
(Description of the Company, Organisation, Facility)
Issued to: ______________________________________________________________
(Full Name)
Position: _______________________________________________________________
Place of Work: __________________________________________________________
To certify that he/she has passes Knowledge of ________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ Assessment.
(State the Safety Regulations)
Basis: Minutes No. ____________ of __________________________________ (Date)
Chairman of the Examination Board ________________________________________
Board Members ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Stamp
Information about Recurrent Examinations
Position: _______________________________________________________________
Place of Work: __________________________________________________________
To certify that he/she has passes Knowledge of ________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ Assessment.
(State the Safety Regulations)
Basis: Minutes No. ____________ of __________________________________ (Date)
Chairman of the Examination Board ________________________________________
Board Members ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Stamp
Position: _______________________________________________________________
Place of Work: __________________________________________________________
164
To certify that he/she has passes Knowledge of ________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ Assessment.
(State the Safety Regulations)
Basis: Minutes No. ____________ of __________________________________ (Date)
Chairman of the Examination Board ________________________________________
Board Members ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Stamp
Position: _______________________________________________________________
Place of Work: __________________________________________________________
To certify that he/she has passes Knowledge of ________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ Assessment.
(State the Safety Regulations)
Basis: Minutes No. ____________ of __________________________________ (Date)
Chairman of the Examination Board ________________________________________
Board Members ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Stamp
Position: _______________________________________________________________
Place of Work: __________________________________________________________
To certify that he/she has passes Knowledge of ________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________ Assessment.
(State the Safety Regulations)
Basis: Minutes No. ____________ of __________________________________ (Date)
Chairman of the Examination Board ________________________________________
Board Members ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Stamp
Note: The Certificate shall be issued with a hard cover on sheets of the 110x80 mm
format.
165
APPENDIX 15
(to Section 7.4.4)
THRESHOLD STANDARDS TO REJECT BASIC COMPONENTS OF RAIL
TRACKS
Track Description Rail Defects
A rail track of seating load-lifting equipment
A rail track of suspended load-lifting
equipment
1. Cracks of any sizes.
2. Indents in a railhead or rail base.
3. Vertical, horizontal or adjusted (vertical
plus half of horizontal) wear out of the
railhead for above 15% of the value of the
appropriate non-worn out profile size.
4. Rail track deviations horizontally and
vertically above the values specified in
Appendix 7.
1. Cracks and dents of any sizes.
2. Reduction of the rail belt width due to wear
out:
AB > 0.05B
3. Reduction of the rail seat thickness due to
wear out:
Ao > 0.2o,
with a simultaneous seat bend:
f
1
s 0.15o
4. A bend of the rail seat (f
1
> 0.25o), with its
simultaneous wear out:
Ao s 0.1o (ref. to the Drawing)
Locations of the rail track profile basic
defects in case of suspended load-lifting
equipment:
B is the initial belt width;
t is the wall thickness;
f
1
is the seat bend;
o is the original thickness of the seat at the
distance of (B-t)/4 from the edge;
Ao is the reduction of the seat thickness
due to wear out.
166
APPENDIX 16
(to Section 7.4.25)
Knowledge Assessment Certificate Form for operating personnel (crane operators, their
assistants, mechanics, electricians, safety device adjusters, and slingers)
Photograph
__________________________________
(Personal Signature)
Issued on _____________________ (Date)
Stamp of the Training Institution
CERTIFICATE No. ____________
Page 2
Issued to: ______________________________________________________________
(Full Name)
to certify that he/she completed _____________________________________________
(Description, No. and location of the
______________________________________________________________________
(Training Institution)
______________________________________________________________________
on __________________________ (Date)
specialising in __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Page 3
By the Examination Board Resolution
______________________________________________________________________
(Full Name)
is qualified as __________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
and is permitted to operate _________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(the Crane Type)
Page 4
The basis - the Examination Board Minutes
No. ___________________ of _________________________________ (Date)
Gosgortechnadzor Inspector ______________________________________________
(Inspectors stamp and signature)
Director of the Training Institution _________________________________________
(Signature)
Note: The Certificate shall be issued with a hard cover on sheets of the 110x80 mm
format.
167
Page 5
(Insert)
TO CERTIFICATE No. ___________
Recurrent Knowledge Assessment was carried out
Minutes No. __________
of _____________________ (Date)
Examination Board Chairman
___________________________
(Signature)
Page 6
The reason of a withdrawal
COUPON No. 1
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
(Position of the person
__________________________________
who withdraws the Coupon)
___________________________ (Date)
_________________________________
(Signature)
To be recorded and kept by the Safety and
Labour Protection Service
COUPON No. 1
To Certificate No. __________________
The Holder: _______________________
__________________________________
who has infringed safety standards and
regulations (operational guidelines) at ___
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Page 7
The Coupon shall be withdrawn in case
the Certificate Holder infringes safety
standards and regulations.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
(Position of the person
__________________________________
who withdraws the Coupon)
___________________________ (Date)
_________________________________
(Signature)
168
Page 8
The reason of a withdrawal
COUPON No. 2
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
(Position of the person
__________________________________
who withdraws the Coupon)
___________________________ (Date)
_________________________________
(Signature)
To be recorded and kept by the Safety and
Labour Protection Service
COUPON No. 2
To Certificate No. __________________
The Holder: _______________________
__________________________________
who has infringed safety standards and
regulations (operational guidelines) at ___
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Page 9
The Coupon shall be withdrawn in case
the Certificate Holder infringes safety
standards and regulations. After the third
infringement the Holder shall be deprived
of the Certificate and suspended from
equipment operation. He/she has the right
to pass his/her Safety Knowledge
Assessment within 3 months.
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
(Position of the person
__________________________________
who withdraws the Coupon)
___________________________ (Date)
_________________________________
(Signature)
169
APPENDIX 17
(to Section 7.4.31)
Shift Logbook of a Crane Operator Form
Date _______________________________ Shift ______________________________
Crane Operator __________________________________________________________
Crane Inspection Results
Ref. # Unit, Geer and Part Description Inspection Findings Last Name and
Initials of the
Person, who
Eliminates the
Deficiency
1
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Steel structure
Brakes of:
The load lifting winch
The boom lifting winch
Travelling gear
Trolley
Rotation
Crane locomotion gear
Safety devices:
Load lifting limiter
Limit switches
Interlink contacts
Indicators
Signalling devices
Power equipment
Ropes
Load lifting
Boom lifting
Boom guys
Trolley
Hook suspension
Lighting, heating
Crane track
Counterweight, ballast
Grounding
Other deficiencies revealed in the
course of operation
170
Shift received by: ________________________________________________________
(Last name, initials and signature of the crane operator)
Shift handed over by: _____________________________________________________
(State the crane condition)
______________________________________________________________________
(Last name, initials and signature of the crane operator)
Results of the crane inspection by:
Mechanic ______________________________________________________________
Electrician _____________________________________________________________
Engineer or Technician responsible for maintenance of load lifting equipment in good
serviceable conditions ____________________________________________________
171
APPENDIX 18
(to Section 7.5.16)
RECOMMENDED SIGNALS WHEN MOVING LOADS BY CRANES
-
Operation Picture Signal
Lift the load or hook
Lower the load or hook
Relocate the crane (bridge)
Relocate the trolley
Swing the boom
An abrupt movement of the
arm upwards at the waist
level, the palm is pointing up,
the arm is bent in the elbow.
An abrupt movement of the
arm downwards in front of the
chest, the palm is pointing
down, the arm is bent in the
elbow.
A movement with a stretched
arm, the palm points to the
direction of the required
movement.
A movement with an arm bent
in the elbow, the palm points
to the direction of the required
trolley movement.
A movement with an arm bent
in the elbow, the palm points
to the direction of the required
boom movement.
-
The recommended closes of a slinger: the vest and hardhat yellow, the shirt light blue, and the armband
red.
172
Lift the boom
Lower the boom
Stop (stop lifting or
locomotion).
Caution (to be applied prior to
one of the above listed signals
if there is a necessity of a
small relocation)
A movement upwards with a
stretched arm, which has been
previously lowered to the
vertical position, the palm is
open.
A movement downwards with
a stretched arm, which has
been previously lifted to the
vertical position, the palm is
open.
An abrupt movement of the
arm right and left, the palm
points down.
Hands are positioned with
palms facing each other an a
small distance apart, arms ate
lifted.
173
APPENDIX 19
(to Section 7.5.19)
FORM OF A WORK PERMIT
for a Crane Operation Close to an Overhead Power Line
______________________________________
(Description of the Company
______________________________________
and Ministry)
Work Permit No. ___________
The Work Permit shall be issued for operations to be carried out at the distance below
30 m from the outermost conductor of an overhead power line, with the voltage above
42V.
1. To the Crane Operator _________________________________________________
(Full Name)
of ____________________________________________________________________
(Crane Type, Registration No.)
2. Assigned for work _____________________________________________________
(The Company Allocating the Crane)
3. At the site of __________________________________________________________
(The Company the Crane is Allocated to,
______________________________________________________________________
Work Location, Construction Site, Warehouse, Workshop, etc.)
4. Voltage of the overhead line _____________________________________________
5. Work conditions _______________________________________________________
(Any requirement to cut off voltage
______________________________________________________________________
from the overhead power line, the minimum horizontal
______________________________________________________________________
distance permitted for the crane operation
______________________________________________________________________
from the outermost conductor to the closest crane parts,
______________________________________________________________________
load movement methods, and other safety precautions)
6. Crane relocation conditions ______________________________________________
(Boom positions and other
______________________________________________________________________
safety precautions)
7. Work commencement at ______ hours ______ minutes on _______________ (Date)
8. Work completion at ______ hours ______ minutes on ___________________ (Date)
174
9. The Person Responsible for Safe Operations ________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(Position, Full Name, the Date and No.
______________________________________________________________________
of the Assignment Memorandum)
10. Slinger _____________________________________________________________
(Full Name)
______________________________________________________________________
(Certificate No., and the Date of the Last Safety Knowledge Assessment)
11. Permit for the crane to operate in the power line protection zone ________________
(The Company
______________________________________________________________________
that Issues the Permit, Permit No. and Date)
12. The Work Permit is issued by the Chief Engineer (Electrician) _________________
______________________________________________________________________
(Company, Signature)
13. Required safety actions specified by Section 5 have been taken ________________
______________________________________________________________________
The Person Responsible for Safe Operations __________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________ _____________________________ (Date)
(Signature)
14. The instructions have been received by the Crane Operator ____________________
(Signature)
_______________________ (Date)
Notes:
1. The Work Permit shall be issued in two copies: the first one shall be given to the
Crane Operator, and the second shall be kept by the company performing the
work.
2. Section 11 hereof shall be filled in if the crane is to operate within the power line
protection zone.
3. Branch lines shall also refer to overhead power lines.
4. Work close to overhead power lines shall be carried out in the presence and
under supervision of the Person Responsible for Load Handling by Cranes.
175
List of Regulatory Documents Applicable to Facilities Supervised by the Regional
State Mining and Technical Supervision Inspectorates (GGTN) of the Republic of
Kazakhstan State Emergency Committee. (The Documents are Available at
Craneenergo Research and Development Association)
1. Labour Protection and Safety Manual for Gosgortechnadzor Inspectors.
2. Standard Safety Regulations for Blasting.
3. Methodological Directions for Servicing and Maintenance of Steel Structures
and Electric Equipment of Cranes (Suspended, Overhead Travelling, Gantry,
etc.). RD-01-93
4. Regulations for Welder Certification.
5. Welding, Thermal Treatment and Testing of Boiler Piping Systems and
Pipelines. RD-04-07-94.
6. Safety Regulations for Gas Systems.
7. Regulations for Lift Design and Safe Operation.
8. Provisions for the Procedure of the Vessel Service Life Extension in the
Republic of Kazakhstan. RD-03-94.
9. Standard Safety Regulations for Mineral Crushing, Sorting, and Concentration.
10. Standard Safety Regulations for Mineral Resources Development by Open Pit
Mining.
11. Regulations for Crane Design and Safe Operation.
12. Regulations for Pressure Vessel Design and Safe Operation.
13. Regulations for Steam and Water Boiler Design and Safe Operation.
14. Regulations for Steam and Hot Water Pipeline Design and Safe Operation.
15. Methods of Vessels and Equipment with Overdue Service Life Conditions
Diagnostics within the Republic of Kazakhstan. RD-04-94.
16. Methodological Directions for Inspection and Certification of Kotlonadzor
(Boiler Supervision) Supervised Facilities.
17. Typical Provisions for Engineering and Technical Staff Responsible for
Supervision of Load-Lifting Equipment, Removable Gripping Devices and
Containers Safe Operation.
18. Typical Provisions for Engineering and Technical Staff Responsible for
Maintenance of Load-Lifting Equipment in Good Serviceable Conditions.
19. Typical Provisions for a Person Responsible for Safe Performance of Work by
Cranes.
20. Typical Guidelines on Safe Work Methods for Tower Crane Operators.
21. Typical Guidelines on Safe Work Methods for Self-Propelled Boom Crane
Operators.
22. Typical Guidelines on Safe Work Methods for Overhead Travelling Crane
Operators.
23. Typical Guidelines for Slingers Servicing Cranes.
24. List of Regulatory Documents for Cranes and Load-Lifting Structures (GOST,
OST, TU, RD) current in the Republic of Kazakhstan (as of 01/02/96).
25. Methodological Directions for Inspection and Certification of Vessels, Tanks,
Drums and Cylinders Operating Under Pressure.
26. Typical Provisions for Engineering and Technical Staff Responsible for
Supervision of Pressure Vessel Conditions and Operation.
176
27. Typical Provisions for Engineering and Technical Staff Responsible for Pressure
Vessel Good Serviceable Conditions and Safe Operation.
28. Provisions for the Procedure of Expert Analyses and Inspections of Companies
(Organizations), Irrespective of their Ownership and Industrial Reference, to
Issue a Resolution of the Republic of Kazakhstan Gosgortechnadzor (GGTN) to
Permit such Companies to Carry out Work at Boiler and Gas Facilities, Load-
Lifting Equipment and in the Bread Producing Industry.
29. Provisions for the Procedure of Knowledge of Safety Regulations, Standards and
Guidelines Assessment and Examination of Managerial Staff and Experts of
Companies, Organisations and Facilities Supervised by the Republic of
Kazakhstan Gosgortechnadzor.
30. Regulations for Stationary Compressor Unit Design and Safe Operation.
31. Regulations for Operation of Stationary, Container and Mobile Filling Stations.
32. Regulations for Electrode Boilers and Power Boiler Houses Design and Safe
Operation.
33. Regulations for Steam Boilers, with the Steam Pressure of 0.07 MPa (0.7 kg-
force/cm
2
), Water Heating Boilers and Water Heaters, with the Heating
Temperature not Exceeding 388 C (115C), Design and Safe Operation.
34. Regulations for Hoist (Rig) Design and Safe Operation.
35. Regulations for Municipal Heating Boiler House Operation.
36. Amendment No. 1 to RD-04-07-94, Methodological Directions for Welding,
Thermal Treatment and Testing of Boiler Piping Systems and Pipelines in Cases
of Power Plant Equipment Installation and Maintenance.
37. Provisions for the System of Steam and Water Heating Boiler Diagnostics in
Industrial Power Generation.
38. Typical Provisions for Engineering and Technical Staff Responsible for Steam
and Water Heating Boilers Good Serviceable Conditions and Safe Operation.
39. Load-Lifting Slings, General Purpose. Requirements for Design and Safe
Operation.
40. Regulations of Non-Destructive Testing Expert Certification.
41. Specification, TU 640 RK 02495141-002-96, Cranes. Requirements for Welded
Steel Structure Fabrication and Maintenance.
42. Methodological Directions for Inspection and Certification of Stationary
Compressor Units Operating under Pressure of Compressed Air or Inert Gas.
43. Methodological Directions for Inspection of Boiler Houses and Certification of
Steam and Water Heating Boilers.
44. Typical Guidelines for Boiler House Personnel.
45. Guidelines for Supervision of Facilities Supervised by Kotlonadzor (Boiler
Supervision) Fabrication, Installation and Maintenance.
46. Provisions for Preliminary Supervision of Gas Supply System Construction and
Reconstruction.
47. Guidelines for Supervision of Lifting Structure Fabrication, Installation and
Maintenance.
48. Guidelines for Supervision of Gas Supply System Facilities Fabrication,
Construction, Installation, Commissioning and Maintenance.
49. Operation Regulations and Safety Requirements for Gas Supply Systems.
50. Typical Provisions for Engineering and Technical Staff Responsible for Steam
and Hot Water Pipelines Good Serviceable Conditions and Safe Operation.
177
51. Methodological Directions for Inspection of Cranes with Expired Service Life
(Tower Cranes) with the Purpose to Identify the Potential of their Further Safe
Operation.
52. Methodological Directions for Inspection of Cranes with Expired Service Life
(Self-Propelled Boom Cranes) with the Purpose to Identify the Potential of their
Further Safe Operation.
53. Methodological Directions for Inspection of Cranes with Expired Service Life
(Overhead Travelling Type Cranes, Cable Cranes, Railway Cranes, Column
Cranes, Cantilever Cranes, Portal Cranes, and Transhipment Cranes) with the
Purpose to Identify the Potential of their Further Safe Operation.
54. Regulations of Overhead Travelling Crane Tracks Design and Safe Operation.
55. Rail Tracks of Gantry Cranes. General Specification and Standards of Design
and Safe Operation.
56. Typical Guidelines for Persons Responsible for Maintenance of Hoists (Rigs) in
Good Serviceable Conditions.
57. Methodological Directions for Inspection of Hoists (Rigs) with Expired Service
Life.
58. Guidelines for Inspection and Certification of Buried Tanks for Liquefied Gas
Storage.
178
CRANEENERGO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION
To everyone, who wishes to cooperate with Cranenergo R&D Association and receive
the latest regulatory documents related to operation, installation, maintenance and
diagnostics of Gosgortechnadzor supervised equipment and facilities.
Specialisation and basic types of activities:
- Scientific research and introduction of its results, laboratory analyses, designing,
fabrication, upgrading, overhaul, reconstruction, servicing, inspection,
maintenance and testing of cranes and lifting structures, process boilers, and
vessels of various types and designs;
- Expert analyses of design and cost estimate documentation, expert conclusions
on designed work related to designing, maintenance, reconstruction, overhaul
and fabrication of crane structures, boilers and other supervised by
Gosgortechnadzor equipment and facilities;
- Development of standards, regulations, guidelines, methodological directions
and other regulatory documents, information services;
- Personnel training and professional skills improvement training;
- Certification of lifting equipment and structures, steam and water heating
boilers, pressure vessels and pipelines for steam and hot water.
We invite you to mutually beneficial cooperation!