Do An Thiet Ke Va Thi Cong Mo Hinh Dieu Khien Thiet Bi Qua Dien Thoai 8086

BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO
TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP.HCM

KHOA: IEN T
BO MON: IEN T CONG NGHIEP
THIET KE VA THI CONG MO

HNH IEU KHIEN THIET B QUA MANG
IEN THOAI
GVHD
SVTH
MSSV
SVTH
MSSV
: TH.S TA CONG C
: NGUYEN HOANG LAM
: 00101153
: NGUYEN QUANG NHAT
: 00101211
TP. HO CH MINH - 02 / 2004
PHAN A.
GII THIEU
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
BO GIAO DUC & AO TAO

TRNG AI HOC SPKT TP.HCM
KHOA _ IEN T
CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHA VIET NAM

OC LAP - T DO - HANH PHUC
NHIEM VU O AN TOT NGHIEP

Ho va ten sinh vien : NGUYEN QUANG NHAT _ MSSV : 00101211
Ho va ten sinh vien : NGUYEN HOANG LAM _ MSSV : 00101153
Lp: 001012
Nganh : KT IEN T
1. Ten e tai :
Thiet Ke Va Thi Cong Mo Hnh ieu Khien Thiet B
Qua Mang ien Thoai
2. Cac so lieu ban au :

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3. Noi dung cac phan thuyet minh tnh toan :
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4. Cac ban ve :
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5. Giao vien hng dan : Th.S TA CONG C
6. Ngay giao nhiem vu: 4/10/2004
7. Ngay hoan thanh nhiem vu: 19/02/2005
Giao vien HD
Th.S TA CONG C
Thong qua bo mon

Ngay.....thang 02 nam 2005
Thong qua bo mon
Trang ii
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
BAN NHAN XET

O AN TOT NGHIEP CUA GIAO VIEN HNG DAN
U
------- oOo ------GVHD : Th.S TA CONG C
SVTH : NGUYEN HOANG LAM
MSSV : 00101153
SVTH : NGUYEN QUANG NHAT
MSSV : 00101211
Nhan xet cua giao vien hng dan : .................................................................
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TP. HCM, ngay thang 2 nam 2005
Giao vien HD
Th.S Ta Cong c
Trang iii
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
BAN NHAN XET

O AN TOT NGHIEP CUA GIAO VIEN PHAN BIEN
----- oOo ----GVHD : Th.S TA CONG C

SVTH : NGUYEN HOANG LAM
MSSV : 00101153
SVTH : NGUYEN QUANG NHAT
MSSV : 00101211
Nhan xet cua giao vien phan bien : ..................................................................
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TP. HCM, ngay thang 2 nam 2005
Giao vien PB
Trang iv
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
LI NOI AU
----- oOo ----Trong lnh vc ky thuat ngay nay th lnh vc ien t ong
vai tro vo cung quan trong trong thi ai cong nghiep hoa hien ai
hoa at nc. Noi en lnh vc ien t th chung ta khong the
khong nhac en nganh ky thuat ien t _ vi ien t . o la chiec
cha khoa vang m ra mot ky nguyen mi_ ky nguyen cua nganh
cong nghe thong tin.
Tuy ch mi tham nhap vao nc ta gan ay nhng cong
nghe thong tin a phat trien rat nhanh va ngay cang gi vai tro
quan trong trong nen cong nghiep hoa nc nha. He thong vien
thong, dch vu khach hang, thong tin di ong, nhan tin cang phat
trien vi tnh hien ai va t ong hoa ngay cang cao.
Vi s phat trien nhanh chong cua nganh cong nghe thong
tin, th viec ieu khien cac thiet b ien t xa qua mang thong tin
ong vai tro quan trong trong cuoc cong nghiep hoa. Xuat phat t
thc tien nay, nhom thc hien e tai a i en quyet nh chon e
tai:Thiet ke va thi cong mo hnh ieu khien thiet b qua mang
ien thoai
Mac du nhng ngi thc hien a co gang rat nhieu e hoan
thanh o an nay, song do gii han ve thi gian cung nh kien thc
nen noi dung con nhieu thieu sot. Rat mong s ong gop y kien
cua quy thay co va cac ban sinh vien e tap o an c hoan
thien hn. Xin chan thanh cam n !
Nhom thc hien e tai
Nguyen Quang Nhat
Nguyen Hoang Lam
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
Li cam ta
UU
----- oOo ---T ngan xa ong cha ta a day chung ta nhng cau noi bat hu,
trong o co cau noi ma lam chung ta khong bao gi quen c:
Uong nc nh nguon, An qua nh ke trong cay.Qua ung
nhng cau noi tren that bat hu, no luon ong lai trong long moi mot
chung ta theo nam thang. Do o, chung ta phai luon biet n chan
thanh oi vi cac the he i trc a dan dat chung ta en thanh cong.
Trong thi gian hoan thanh xong e tai, nhom thc hien e tai
a c s giup cua qu bac thay co va ban be cung cac anh ch
khoa trc nen e tai a c hoan thanh ung thi gian qui nh.
Nhom thc hien xin chan thanh cam ta en :
Thay TA CONG C, giang vien trng ai hoc Bach Khoa TP
HCM, a het long quan tam, giup tan tnh va tao moi ieu kien e
nhom thc hien e tai co the hoan thanh o an nay
Nhom thc hien e tai xin chan thanh gi li cam ta en qu
thay co trong khoa ien T a cung cap cho nhom nhng kien thc
nen, chuyen mon lam c s e nhom co the hoan thanh xong e tai
nay.
Nhom thc hien e tai cung xin chan thanh cam n en cac ban
sinh vien va cac bac anh ch a giup nhom ve nhieu mat: y kien,
tai lieu., e nhom co the hoan thanh cong viec ung thi gian qui
nh.
Nhom thc hien e tai
Nguyen Quang Nhat
Nguyen Hoang Lam
Trang vi
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
MUC LUC
Z Y
----- oOo -----
PHAN A. GII THIEU

NHIEM VU O AN TOT NGHIEP ................................................................I
BAN NHAN XET O AN TOT NGHIEP CUA GIAO VIEN HNG DAN
........................................................................................................................II
BAN NHAN XET O AN TOT NGHIEP CUA GIAO VIEN PHAN BIEN III
MUC LUC .................................................................................................... VI
LIET KE CAC BANG ................................................................................... X
LIET KE CAC HNH ................................................................................... XI
PHAN B. NOI DUNG

CHNG 1. DAN NHAP ............................................................................1
1.1. at van e ......................................................................................1
1.2. Tam quan trong cua e tai ..............................................................2
1.3. Muc ch nghien cu e tai. ...........................................................2
1.4. Gii han. .........................................................................................2
CHNG 2. C S LY LUAN ...................................................................4
2.1. Dan y nghien cu............................................................................4
2.2. oi tng nghien cu. ....................................................................4
2.3. Phng phap phng tien nghien cu.............................................4
2.3.1. Phng phap................................................................................4
2.3.2. Phng tien .................................................................................4
2.4. Lap ke hoach nghien cu e tai. ....................................................5
CHNG 3. GII THIEU LY THUYET LIEN QUAN ..........................6
3.1. Gii thieu tong quan ve tong ai ien thoai...................................6
3.1.1. nh ngha ve tong ai................................................................6
3.1.2. Chc nang cua tong ai ..............................................................6
3.1.3. Phan loai tong ai .......................................................................7
3.1.4. Cac am hieu ................................................................................7
3.1.5. Phng thc chuyen mach cua tong ai ien t :.....................10
3.1.6. Trung ke....................................................................................10
3.2. Gii thieu tong quan ve may ien thoai .......................................11
3.2.1. Gii thieu ..................................................................................11
3.2.2. Chc nang cua may ien thoai .................................................12
3.3. Phng thc hoat ong gia tong ai va may ien thoai .............15
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang vii
3.4. Ly thuyet ve mach khuech ai. ....................................................18

3.4.1. Mach khuech ai khong ao.....................................................20
3.4.2. Mach khuech ai ao................................................................20
3.4.3. Mach khuech ai em ..............................................................21
3.5. Phng thc giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien vi cac vi mach ng
dung trong he thong .................................................................................21
3.5.1. Lam the nao e Vi ieu khien co the hoat ong.....................21
3.5.2. Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien vi Relay va phm nhan.............24
3.5.3. Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien vi cac IC chot 74HC573 e m
rong port ...............................................................................................26
3.5.4. Giao tiep vi ban phm so hex s dung ngat ngoai INT0.........28
3.5.5. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi bo nh noi tiep EEPROM AT24C08
...................................................................................................33
3.5.6. Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien vi IC chuyen dung thu phat
DTMF, IC MT8888...............................................................................40
3.5.7. Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien vi IC chuyen dung thu phat ng
am, ISD1420.........................................................................................45
3.5.8. Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien vi IC thu tn hieu hong ngoai,
ng dung ieu khien bang Remote Tivi Sony......................................48
CHNG 4. THIET KE PHAN CNG ...................................................52
4.1. Yeu cau cua he thong...................................................................52
4.1.1. Yeu cau.....................................................................................52
4.1.2. Hoat ong cua he thong............................................................52
4.1.3. S o khoi cua he thong. .........................................................54
4.1.4. Chc nang cac khoi...................................................................54
4.2. Thiet ke tng khoi . ......................................................................56
4.2.1. Khoi cam bien chuong . ............................................................56
4.2.2. Khoi ieu khien Relay..............................................................58
4.2.3. Khoi tao tai gia .........................................................................59
4.2.4. Mach chong qua ap...................................................................62
4.2.5. Mach thu phat DTMF ...............................................................62
4.2.6. Mach khuech ai tn hieu .........................................................64
4.2.7. Mach ieu khien thiet b va nhan biet trang thai thiet b.........65
4.2.8. Mach phat thong bao ................................................................67
4.2.9. Khoi ieu khien quet phm .......................................................72
4.2.10. Bo nh ngoai .............................................................................72
4.2.11. Khoi x ly trung tam CPU ........................................................73
4.3. S o nguyen ly he thong va hoat ong.......................................74
CHNG 5. THIET KE PHAN MEM. ...................................................75
5.1. Chng trnh chnh........................................................................75
5.2. Chng trnh khi tao cac thong so ban au ................................76
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang viii
5.3. Chng trnh phuc vu ngat phm...................................................77

5.4. Chng trnh phuc vu ngat t MT8888........................................78
5.5. Chng trnh kiem tra trang thai ban phm ..................................79
5.6. Chng trnh em tn hieu chuong............................................80
5.7. Lu o chng trnh thay oi Password........................................81
5.8. So sanh mat ma hien tai ..............................................................82
5.9. So sanh mat ma mi .....................................................................83
5.10. Nhap 6 phm t ban phm ............................................................83
5.11. Nhap ma ieu khien t ban phm .................................................85
5.12. Khi tao MT8888..........................................................................86
5.13. Nhap ma ieu khien t ien thoai ................................................86
5.14. Nhap 6 ma DTMF........................................................................88
5.15. Ghi 1 byte d lieu vao AT24C08..................................................89
5.16. Ghi 6 so cua mat ma vao AT24C08 ...........................................89
5.17. oc 6 so cua mat ma t AT24C08 .............................................91
5.18. Phat mot cau thong bao ................................................................92
5.19. Nhan ma ieu khien t Remote ...................................................92
5.20. Phat tn hieu DTMF cua mot day so............................................94
5.21. X ly ma ieu khien .....................................................................94
CHNG 6. GIAO TIEP VI MAY TNH .............................................96
6.1. Gii thieu ve cong may in ............................................................96
6.1.1. Vai net c ban ve cong ghep noi may in..................................96
6.1.2. S trao oi vi cac ng dan tn hieu .....................................98
6.1.3. Phng thc truyen cua cong may in........................................99
6.2. Thiet ke he thong giao tiep may tnh .........................................101
6.2.1. Yeu cau at ra cho he thong...................................................101
6.2.2. Phng thc hoat ong............................................................101
6.2.3. S o khoi ...............................................................................102
6.2.4. S o nguyen ly cua mach giao tiep......................................104
6.3. Thiet ke phan mem Vi ieu khien .............................................105
6.3.1. Chng trnh chnh ..................................................................106
6.3.2. Chng trnh phuc vu ngat t MT8888..................................108
6.3.3. X ly giao tiep vi may tnh ...................................................109
6.3.4. X ly ghi trang thai .................................................................110
6.3.5. X ly oc trang thai ................................................................110
6.3.6. X ly ma loi (Error Code).......................................................110
6.3.7. Gi ma nhan biet he thong .....................................................111
6.4. Thiet ke Phan mem giao dien bang ngon ng Visual Basic 5.0111
6.4.1. Yeu cau ve giao dien tren may tnh .......................................111
6.4.2. Gii thieu ve ngon ng lap trnh Visual Basic 5.0 .................112
6.4.3. Thiet ke giao dien va lap trnh. ..............................................115
6.4.4. Tao cac tap tin cai at chng trnh........................................120
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang ix
6.4.5. Gii thieu giao dien ieu khien ..............................................128

CHNG 7. TOM TAT _ KET LUAN _ E NGH ..............................129
7.1. Tom tat cong trnh nghien cu....................................................129
7.2. Ket luan ......................................................................................130
7.2.1. Tnh nang cua he thong mo hnh thiet ke ...............................131
7.2.2. Kha nang ng dung va tnh hieu qua cua e tai.....................131
7.3. Hng phat trien cua e tai ........................................................132
PHAN C. PHU LUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
LIET KE CAC BANG

Bang 3 - 1 : Bang cac thong so cua mach thue bao ien thoai .......................13
Bang 3 - 2 : Phan loai tan so tn hieu Tone .....................................................14
Bang 3 - 3 : Cac tn hieu thng nghe thay tren ng day ien thoai e ban
..................................................................................................................18
Bang 3 - 4 : Bang v du thong bao ISD1420 ....................................................45
Bang 4 - 1 : Bang hai nhom tan so DTMF.......................................................63
Bang 4 - 2 : Bang a ch lu trong ISD cua he thong .....................................70
Bang 6 - 1 : Bang chc nang cac chan cong may in........................................97
Bang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang CBang C-
1 : Bang hoat ong cac chan cua IC AT24C08 ..............................134

2 : Bang t a ch 8 bit cua EEPROM 24C08................................137
3 : Bang tom tat chc nang cac chan cua IC MT8888 ...................141
4 : Bang thong so cua tn hieu DTMF ............................................142
5 : Bang chc nang cac thanh ghi cua MT8888 .............................143
6 : Ten goi cac bt trong thanh ghi ieu khien CRA.....................144
7 : Chc nang cua cac bt trong thanh ghi ieu khien CRA ...........144
8 : Ten goi cac bt trong thanh ghi ieu khien CRB ....................144
9 : Chc nang cac bit trong thanh ghi ieu khien CRB ..................145
10 : Bang chc nang cac chan IC 74HC573 ...................................146
11 : Bang trang thai IC 74HC373 ...................................................146
12 : Bang cac Mode hoat ong cua ISD1420.................................151
13 : Bang chc nang Port 3 Vi ieu khien AT89C51 .....................156
14 : Bang to chc bo nh cua AT89C51.........................................160
15 : Bang chc nang thanh ghi trang thai .......................................162
16 : Bang trang thai sau khi reset ...................................................165
17 : Bang chc nang cac thanh ghi ac biet cua 89C51.................166
18 : Bang chc nang thanh ghi TMOD...........................................166
19 : Bang chc nang thanh ghi TCON............................................167
20 : Bang hoat ong ngat cua 89C51 .............................................168
21 : Bang hoat ong c ngat ...........................................................169
22 : Bang hoat ong cua vector ngat ..............................................169
23 : Bang liet ke cac ma ieu khien cua Remote Sony .................172
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang xi
LIET KE CAC HNH

Hnh 3 - 1 : Dang song tn hieu chuong .............................................................8
Hnh 3 - 2 :Dang song tn hieu mi quay so ......................................................8
Hnh 3 - 3 :Dang song tn hieu bao ban .............................................................9
Hnh 3 - 4 : Dang song tn hieu bao ban ............................................................9
Hnh 3 - 5 : Dang song tn hieu ao cc...........................................................10
Hnh 3 - 6 : Trung ke ........................................................................................10
Hnh 3 - 7 : Trung ke CO- line .........................................................................10
Hnh 3 - 8 : Trung ke hai chieu ........................................................................11
Hnh 3 - 9 : S o qui trnh van hanh ien thoai ban .......................................17
Hnh 3 - 10 :Bo khuech ai thuat toan(BKTT) .............................................18
Hnh 3 - 11 : Mach khuech ai khong ao .......................................................20
Hnh 3 - 12 : Mach khuech ai ao ..................................................................20
Hnh 3 - 13 : Mach khuech ai em.................................................................21
Hnh 3 - 14 :S o chan cua AT89C51 (PDIP). ...............................................22
Hnh 3 15: Cung cap nguon xung clock cho vi ieu khien. ..........................22
Hnh 3 - 16 : S o ket noi cua Vi ieu khien .................................................23
Hnh 3 - 17 : S o giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien va phm nhan, Relay...........25
Hnh 3 - 18 : Mach giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien va IC chot ...........................26
Hnh 3 - 19 : S o giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien va ban phm ........................29
Hnh 3 - 20 : Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien va EEPROM AT24C08 ................34
Hnh 3 - 21 : Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien va MT8888...................................41
Hnh 3 - 22 : Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien va ISD1420 ..................................46
Hnh 3 - 23 : Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien va mat nhan Remote Tivi ............49
Hnh 4 - 1 : S o khoi cua he thong. ..............................................................54
Hnh 4 - 2 : Mach cam bien tn hieu chuong....................................................56
Hnh 4 - 3 : Mach ieu khien Relay................................................................58
Hnh 4 - 4 : Mach tai gia. .................................................................................59
Hnh 4 - 5 : S o tng ng cua mach tai gia. ...........................................60
Hnh 4 - 6 : Mach chong ao cc. ....................................................................62
Hnh 4 - 7 : Mach thu phat DTMF....................................................................62
Hnh 4 - 8 : Mach khuech ai tn hieu. ............................................................64
Hnh 4 - 9 : Mach ieu khien thiet b...............................................................65
Hnh 4 - 10 : Mach phat thong bao dung ISD1420. .........................................67
Hnh 4 - 11 : Mach thu va phat th ISD1420. ..................................................68
Hnh 4 - 12 : Mach quet phm. .........................................................................72
Hnh 4 - 13 : Bo nh ngoai dung EEPROM 24C08..........................................72
Hnh 4 - 14 : Mach x ly trung tam..................................................................73
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang xii
Hnh 6 - 1 : S o chan cong may in( Jack c) ..............................................97

Hnh 6 - 2 :S o chan cong may in( Jack cai) ................................................97
Hnh 6 - 3 : Thanh ghi d lieu ..........................................................................98
Hnh 6 - 4 :Thanh ghi trang thai .......................................................................99
Hnh 6 - 5 : Thanh ghi ieu khien ....................................................................99
Hnh 6 - 6 : Gian o thi gian.........................................................................101
Hnh 6 - 7 : S o khoi mach giao tiep may tnh ...........................................102
Hnh 6 - 8 : Mach giao tiep MT8888 vi cong may in...................................103
Hnh 6 - 9 : S o nguyen ly mach giao tiep may tnh .................................104
Hnh 6 - 10 : Giao dien khi ong VB t Windows .......................................112
Hnh 6 - 11 : Bieu tng VB tren Destop.......................................................112
Hnh 6 - 12 : Man hnh chnh cua VB 5.0 ......................................................113
Hnh 6 - 13 : Man hnh giao dien cua VB 5.0 ................................................113
Hnh 6 - 14 : Thanh cong cu soan thao ..........................................................114
Hnh 6 15: Giao dien thiet ke .....................................................................114
Hnh 6 - 16 : Man hnh soan thao cua VB 5.0................................................114
Hnh 6 - 17 : Giao dien ieu khien trong khi thiet ke....................................115
Hnh 6 - 18 : Giao dien nhap mat ma khi thiet ke .........................................117
Hnh 6 - 19 : Giao dien nhap ten thiet b luc thiet ke ....................................118
Hnh 6 - 20 : Cho thc thi cong cu Application Setup Wizard cua VB. .......120
Hnh 6 - 21 : Hop thoai 1 cua cong cu Setup Wizard.....................................121
Hnh 6 - 30 : Hop thoai 10 cua cong cu Setup Wizard...................................125
Hnh 6 - 35 : Giao dien chnh ieu khien thiet b bang may tnh ..................128
Hnh 6 - 36 : Giao dien nhap mat ma. ............................................................128
Hnh 6 - 37 : Giao dien nhap ten thiet b .......................................................128
Hnh C- 1 : S o chan AT24C08 .................................................................134
Hnh C- 2 : S o cau truc ben trong IC AT24C08 .......................................134
Hnh C- 3 : Gian o xung AT24C08..............................................................135
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang xiii
Hnh C- 4 : Gian o xung Start va Stop.........................................................136

Hnh C- 5 : Gian o xung tn hieu Acknowledge..........................................136
Hnh C- 6 : Gian o ghi 1 Byte AT24C08.....................................................138
Hnh C- 7 : Gian o ghi 1 Byte AT24C08.....................................................138
Hnh C- 8 : Gian o oc a ch hien tai .......................................................139
Hnh C- 9 : Gian o oc a ch ngau nhien..................................................139
Hnh C- 10 : Gian o oc a ch lien tuc ....................................................140
Hnh C- 11 : S o cau truc ben trong IC MT8888.......................................140
Hnh C- 12 : S o chan cua ho IC MT8888.................................................141
Hnh C- 13 : S o chan cua IC MT8888......................................................141
Hnh C- 14 : S o chan IC 74HC573 ...........................................................145
Hnh C- 15 : Cau truc ben trong IC 74HC573...............................................146
Hnh C- 16 : Cau truc IC ISD1420 ................................................................148
Hnh C- 17 : S o chan ISD1420 .................................................................149
Hnh C- 18 : Gian o qua trnh thu ISD1420.................................................153
Hnh C- 19 : Gian o qua trnh phat ISD1420 ..............................................153
Hnh C- 20 : S o chan Vi mach TL082......................................................154
Hnh C- 21 : S o chan vi ieu khien AT89C51 .........................................155
Hnh C- 22 : S o cau truc ben trong IC AT89C51 .....................................158
Hnh C- 23 : Tom tat cac vung bo nh cua 89C51.......................................159
Hnh C- 24 : Phng thc ma hoa bit trong Remote Sony ............................170
Hnh C- 25 : Phng thc ma hoa bit trong Remote Sony (m rong thi gian
mc cao) .................................................................................................170
Hnh C- 26 : Khung truyen cua tn hieu hong ngoai trong Remote Sony .....171
Hnh C- 27 : Khung truyen cua tn hieu tai ngo ra cua bo thu hong ngoai ...172
PHAN B.
NOI DUNG
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
CHNG 1.
Trang
DAN NHAP
1.1. at van e
Ngay nay, vi s phat trien manh me vt bac cua Khoa hoc ky thuat,
cung vi s bung no cua nganh Cong nghe thong tin va Cong nghe vien thong
. ac biet, trong nhng thap nien gan ay cung vi s phat trien cua he thong
mang Internet, tin hoc, nganh Bu chnh vien thong a phat trien tao ra bc
ngoat quan trong trong lnh vc thong tin ap ng nhu cau cua con ngi trong
i song, kinh te, chnh tr
Vi nhu cau ve thong tin cua con ngi ngay cang tang, ong thi viec
ng dung cac thiet b ien thoai ngay cang c pho bien rong rai, do o viec
s dung mang ien thoai e truyen tn hieu la phng thc thuan tien nhat,
tiet kiem nhieu thi gian cho cong viec, va am bao cac tnh nang an toan
cho cac thiet b va va tiet kiem c chi ph s dung.
Ben canh o, viec ng dung cua ng truyen ien thoai c thc hien
trong pham vi s dung rat rong, bat ky ni au neu co ien thoai la co the
thc hien c phng thc truyen. Ngi ieu khien mot ni ma co the
thc hien viec ieu khien rat nhieu ni khac, tham ch nhng ni nguy hiem,
oc hai, ma con ngi khong the tham nhap hoac mot day chuyen san xuat
thay the con ngi.
Xuat phat t nhng thc tien noi tren, nhom thc hien e tai quyet nh
nghien cu va thc hien e tai:Thiet ke va thi cong mo hnh ieu khien
thiet b qua mang ien thoai.
Vi e tai nay, nhom thc hien e tai tien hanh thc hien e tai theo hai
hng :
Hng th nhat: Thiet ke va thi cong he thong ieu khien thiet b
thong qua ien thoai, he thong nay co ieu khien tai cho bang he thong
phm nhan va ng dung ieu khien bang Remote Tivi.
Hng th hai : Da tren mo hnh a thi cong hng th nhat, nhom
thc hien e tai m rong he thong ieu khien thiet b thong qua phng
thc ieu khien bang lap trnh giao tiep may tnh qua cong may in, ng
dung truyen qua line ien thoai.
Mach ieu khien thiet b ien t xa thong qua mang ien thoai co ieu
khien tai cho, giup ta co the ieu khien cac thiet b trong mot toa nha, khach
san hay trong mot nha may bang cach ieu khien tren ien thoai hay s dung
phm nhan, remote e ieu khien thiet b.
Chng 1. Dan nhap.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
Viec s dung ieu khien thiet b bang phng thc giao tiep may tnh
c ng dung chu yeu trong he thong khach san, hay trong cac xng, x
nghiep ac biet trong qua trnh cong nghiep hoa hien nay th phng thc
nay co vai tro rat quan trong he thong nha may
1.2. Tam quan trong cua e tai
Ngay nay, ky thuat ien_ien t phat trien kha manh me, cung vi s
bung no cua nganh Cong nghe thong tin va Cong nghe vien thong, a thuc
ay s phat trien nen kinh te toan cau lam tien e cho cac lnh vc khac phat
trien. ac biet la trong lnh vc t ong hoa hay qua trnh ieu khien thiet b
t xa.
Hien nay co rat nhieu phng thc ieu khien thiet b t xa, chang han
nh : ieu khien bang tia hong ngoai hay ieu khien bang song vo tuyen
nhng cac phng thc ieu khien nay eu phu thuoc vao khoang cach, ch co
tac dung trong mot pham vi hep.
V vay, e tai nay khong nhng la mot thc tai khach quan ma no vai tro
ac biet quan trong thc s hien tai cung nh trong tng lai sau nay.
Do o, viec ieu khien thiet b qua mang ien thoai la mot nhu cau het
sc can thiet va ay chnh la ly do ma nhom nghien cu quyet nh chon e
tai nay.
1.3. Muc ch nghien cu e tai.
Tren thc tien cua cuoc song hien nay, con ngi b han che rat nhieu
trong cong viec ieu khien t ong cac thiet b. Vi s phat trien cua he thong
thong tin va ng dung ng truyen co san mang ien thoai, nhom thc hien
tien hanh nghien cu e tai vi muc ch la:
Pha v c nhng han che ve mat khoang cach.
Co the ieu khien c bat ky ni nao neu ni o co mang ien thoai.
Co the ieu khien c thiet b tai cho bang Remote, phm nhan.
Co the biet c trang thai hoat ong cua cac thiet b xa qua phan
hoi bang am thanh.
1.4.
Gii han.
Trong thi gian thc hien e tai la co han, vi lng kien thc c
truyen at trong suot khoa hoc va kha nang co han, nhom thc hien e tai ch
giai quyet nhng van e sau :
Dung vi ieu khien lam bo phan x ly trung tam.
He thong thc hien chc nang ieu khien thiet b tat m.
Chng 1. Dan nhap.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
Ch nghien cu nguyen ly lam viec cua he thong tong ai, may ien
thoai e lam d lieu e thiet ke, ng dung ng day line ien thoai
lam ng truyen.
Ma ieu khien bang ban phm va bang remote c thiet ke tng
thch ma ieu khien bang ien thoai e de thao tac tren phm va
Remote.
S dung IC chuyen dung ISD1420 cho viec thong bao trang thai hoat
ong cua thiet b.
He thong ieu khien toi a 16 thiet b.
He thong s dung EEPROM 24C08 dung lam bo nh ngoai lu tr cac
thong tin t vi ieu khien( nh Passwords), ong thi tnh bao mat cua
he thong cung c nang cao.
Ben canh thc hien ieu khien bang ien thoai, e tai m rong thc
hien ieu khien qua phng thc giao tiep bang may tnh, nham nang
cao tnh trc quan hn cho ngi ieu khien.
e tai nghien cu khong tap trung vao nghien cu cac van e sau :
He thong khong thc hien chc nang bao trom, bao chay
Khong tap trung nghien cu sau vao cau tao cung nh cach thc hoat
ong cua tong ai va may ien thoai.
oi vi trng hp giao tiep bang may tnh th mat nh la trong qua
trnh ieu khien ben may b goi khong co ngi nhac may.
Phng thc ieu khien bang Remote TV ay ch s dung Remote
TV Sony.
Chng 1. Dan nhap.
Trang 4
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
CHNG 2.
C S LY LUAN
2.1. Dan y nghien cu.

e tai c thc thi tren c s dan y sau:
Xac nh yeu cau cua he thong.
Thiet ke cau truc s o khoi va nguyen ly hoat ong.
Thiet ke khoi x ly trung tam va ng dung ho IC chuyen dung
ISD1420, MT8888.
Thiet ke khoi ieu khien tai cho bang ban phm va Remote.
Thi cong he thong phan cng.
Lap trnh phan mem cho vi ieu khien.
Hng dan s dung chng trnh.
2.2. oi tng nghien cu.
oi tng nghien cu ay chu yeu da tren c s cua cac e tai cu, tai
lieu mang, cac thong so ve tong ai, ien thoai. T o nhom thc hien e tai
tien hanh nghien cu va phat trien e tai.
2.3. Phng phap phng tien nghien cu.
2.3.1.
Phng phap
Nhom nghien cu tien hanh thc hien e tai da tren hai phng phap
sau:
Phng phap tham khao tai lieu : Chu yeu tm hieu cac tai lieu e cap
en ky thuat so, ky thuat ien t, cac Data Sheet cua cac IC chuyen
dung :ISD1420, MT8888 va cac tai lieu ve vi ieu khien, vi x ly.
Phng phap thc nghiem: Tren c s cua Board thc nghiem, tien
hanh lap trnh phan mem cho vi ieu khien hoat ong. ong thi ket
noi phan cng vi ng truyen cua ien thoai e tm hieu hoat ong
cua cac IC chuyen dung.
2.3.2. Phng tien
Nhom nghien cu thc hien e tai tren c s cac phng tien chu yeu sau:
May tnh ca nhan.
Cac board thc hien giao tiep th nghiem.
Cac dung cu o ac tai phong thc tap trng: Dao ong ky, may phat
song .
Chng 2. C s ly luan.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 5
Ngoai ra con thiet ke mot so Board phu th nghiem cac IC chuyen dung:
ISD1420, MT8888, AT24C08 hay Remote TV
2.4. Lap ke hoach nghien cu e tai.
Nhom thc hien e tai a thc hien e tai, t ngay ang ky e tai, cong viec
c phan bo cu the nh sau:
Tuan 1, 2 : Lap e cng tong quat cua e tai.
Tuan 3,4,5 : Thu thap thong tin, tai lieu lien quan
Tuan 6,7 : Lap e cng chi tiet.
Cac tuan tiep theo: Trien khai th nghiem, Test mach tren Board Sau
o, tien hanh tong hp thiet ke phan cng, phan mem va hoan chnh.
Hai tuan cuoi : anh may, sa cha, nh dang toan bo e tai va tien
hanh cong viec in an.
Chng 2. C s ly luan.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
CHNG 3.
Trang
GII THIEU LY THUYET

LIEN QUAN
3.1. Gii thieu tong quan ve tong ai ien thoai

3.1.1. nh ngha ve tong ai
Tong ai la mot he thong chuyen mach, no co nhiem vu ket noi cac cuoc
lien lac t thiet b au cuoi chu goi (Calling Si de) en thiet b au cuoi b goi
(called Si de).
Hay noi cach khac : Tong ai la mot he thong chuyen mach co he thong
ket noi cac cuoc lien lac gia cac thue bao vi nhau, vi so lng thue bao
ln hay nho tuy thuoc vao tng loai tong ai, tng khu vc.
3.1.2. Chc nang cua tong ai
Tong ai ien thoai co cac chc nang sau :
Nhan biet c khi thue bao nao co nhu cau xuat phat cuoc goi.
Thong bao cho thue bao biet mnh san sang tiep nhan cac yeu cau cua
thue bao.
Nhan dang thue bao goi: Xac nh khi thue bao nhac ong nghe va sau
o c noi vi mach ieu khien.
Tiep nhan so c quay: Khi a noi vi mach ieu khien, thue bao chu
bat au nghe thay tn hieu mi quay so va sau o chuyen so ien thoai
cua thue bao b goi.
Ket noi cuoc goi: Khi cac so quay c ghi lai, thue bao b goi a c
xac nh, tong ai se chon mot bo cac ng trung ke en tong ai
thue bao b goi va sau o chon mot ng roi trong so o. Khi thue
bao b goi nam trong tong ai noi hat th mot ng goi noi hat c
s dung.
Chuyen thong tin ieu khien: Khi c noi ti tong ai cua thue bao b
goi hay tong ai trung chuyen, ca hai tong ai trao oi vi nhau cac
thong tin can thiet nh so thue bao b goi.
Ket noi trung chuyen: trong trng hp tong ai c noi en la tong
ai trung chuyen, tren day c nhac lai e noi vi tram cuoi va sau
o thong tin nh so thue bao b goi c truyen i.
Ket noi tai tram cuoi: Khi tram cuoi c anh gia la tram noi hat da
tren so thue bao b goi c truyen i, bo ieu khien trang thai may
ban cua thue bao b goi c tien hanh. Neu may khong trang thai
Chng 3. Gii thieu ly thuyet lien quan.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
ban th mot ng noi c noi vi cac ng trung ke c chon e

ket noi cac cuoc goi.
Truyen tn hieu chuong: e ket noi cuoc goi, tn hieu chuong c
truyen va ch cho en khi co tra li t thue bao b goi. Khi tra li, tn
hieu chuong b ngat va trang thai c chuyen thanh trang thai may
ban.
Tnh cc: Tong ai chu goi xac nh cau tra li cua theu bao b goi va
neu can thiet bat au tnh toan gia tr cc phai tra theo khoang cach
goi va theo thi gian goi.
Truyen tn hieu bao ban: Khi tat ca cac ng trung ke eu a b
chiem theo cac bc tren ay hoac thue bao b goi ban th tn hieu ban
c truyen en cho thue bao chu goi.
Hoi phuc he thong: Trang thai nay c xac nh khi cuoc goi ket
thuc. Sau o tat ca cac ng noi eu c giai phong.
Giao tiep c vi nhng tong ai khac e phoi hp ieu khien.
3.1.3. Phan loai tong ai
Cung vi s phat trien cua khoa hoc ky thuat, tong ai ien thoai ngay
cang phu hp vi yeu cau phat trien cua xa hoi. Qua trnh hnh thanh cua tong
ai bao gom cac loai tong ai sau:
Tong ai cong nhan
Viec ket noi thong thoai, chuyen mach da vao con ngi.
Tong ai c ien
Bo phan thao tac chuyen mach la he thong c kh, c ieu khien bang
he thong mach t. Gom hai he thong chuyen mach c kh c ban : chuyen
mach tng nac va chuyen mach ngang doc.
Tong ai ien t
Qua trnh ieu khien ket noi hoan toan t ong, v vay ngi s dung
cung khong the cung cap cho tong ai nhng yeu cau cua mnh bang li noi
c. Ngc lai, tong ai tra li cho ngi s dung cung khong the bang li
noi. Do o, can qui nh mot so thiet b cung nh cac tn hieu e ngi s
dung va tong ai co the lam viec c vi nhau.
3.1.4. Cac am hieu
ng day ien thoai hien nay gom co hai day va thng goi o la Tip va
Ring. Tat ca cac ien thoai hien nay eu c cap nguon t tong ai thong
qua hai day Tip va Ring. ien ap cung cap thng la 48 VDC, nhng no cung
co the thap en 47 VDC hoac cao en 105 VDC tuy thuoc vao tong ai.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
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Ngoai ra, e hoat ong giao tiep c de dang, tong ai gi mot so tn

hieu ac biet en ien thoai nh tn hieu chuong, tn hieu bao ban v.v e
tm hieu ve cac tn hieu ien thoai va ng dung cua no, nhom thc hien khao
sat mot so tn hieu sau:
Tn hieu chuong (Ring Signal)
Hnh 3 - 1 : Dang song tn hieu chuong

Khi mot thue bao b goi th tong ai se gi tn hieu chuong en e bao cho
thue bao o biet co ngi c goi. Tn hieu chuong la tn hieu xoay chieu
AC thng co tan so 25Hz tuy nhien no co the cao hn en 60Hz hoac thap
hn en 16Hz. Bien o cua tn hieu chuong cung thay oi t 40 VRMS en
130 VRMS thng la 90 VRMS. Tn hieu chuong c gi en theo dang
xung, ngat quang tuy thuoc vao tng loai tong ai thng la 2 giay co va 4
giay khong (nh hnh ve tren). Hoac co the thay oi thi gian tuy thuoc vao
tng tong ai.
Tn hieu mi quay so (Dial Tone)
ay la tn hieu lien tuc khong phai la tn hieu xung nh cac tn hieu khac
c s dung trong he thong ien thoai. Khi thue bao nhac to hp e xuat
phat cuoc goi se nghe am hieu mi quay so do tong ai cap cho thue bao goi,
la tn hieu hnh sin co tan so lien tuc. . Tn hieu mi quay so la tn hieu sin
tan, c tao ra bi hai am thanh (Tone) co tan so so 350Hz va 440Hz, bien
o 2VRMS tren nen DC. Tn hieu nay co dang song sau:
Hnh 3 - 2 :Dang song tn hieu mi quay so

Tn hieu bao ban (Busy signal)
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
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Khi thue bao nhac may e thc hien mot cuoc goi th thue bao se nghe
mot trong hai tn hieu:
Tn hieu mi goi cho phep thue bao thc hien ngay mot cuoc goi.
Tn hieu bao ban bao cho thue bao biet ng day ang ban khong the
thc hien cuoc goi ngay luc nay. Thue bao phai ch en khi nghe c
tn hieu mi goi. Khi thue bao b goi a nhac may trc khi theu bao goi
cung nghe c tn hieu nay.
Tn hieu bao ban la tn hieu xoay chieu co dang xung c tong hp bi
hai am co tan so 480Hz va 620Hz. Tn hieu nay co chu ky 1s (0.5s co va 0.5s
khong).
Hnh 3 - 3 :Dang song tn hieu bao ban

Tn hieu chuong hoi tiep
Khi ngi goi goi en mot thue bao nhng khong biet a goi c hay
cha th that la kho chu . Ngi goi khong nghe mot am thanh nao cho en
khi thue bao o tra li. e giai quyet van e nay tong ai se gi mot tn hieu
chuong hoi tiep ve cho thue bao goi tng ng vi tieng chuong thue bao b
goi. Tn hieu chuong hoi tiep nay do tong ai cap cho thue bao b goi, c
tong hp bi hai am co tan so 440Hz va 480Hz. Tn hieu nay cung co dang
xung nh tn hieu chuong gi en cho thue bao b goi, la tn hieu hnh sin co
tan so khoang 425 25 Hz la hai tn hieu ngat quang tng ng nhp chuong,
bien o 2VRMS tren nen DC 10V, phat ngat quang 2s co 4s khong.
Hnh 3 - 4 : Dang song tn hieu bao ban

Goi sai so
Trang 10
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Neu ngi goi goi nham mot so ma no khong ton tai th ban se nhan c
tn hieu xung co chu ky 1Hz va co tan so 200Hz400Hz. Hoac oi vi cac he
thong ien thoai ngay nay ban se nhan c thong bao rang ban goi sai so.
Tn Hieu ao Cc
Hnh 3 - 5 : Dang song tn hieu ao cc

Tn hieu ao cc chnh la s ao cc tnh cua nguon tai tong ai, khi hai
thue bao bat au cuoc am thoai, mot tn hieu ao cc se xuat hien. Khi o he
thong tnh cc cua tong ai se bat au thc hien viec tnh cc am thoai
cho thue bao goi. cac tram cong cong co trang b may tnh cc, khi c quan
bu ien se cung cap mot tn hieu ao cc cho tram e thuan tien cho viec
tnh cc.
3.1.5. Phng thc chuyen mach cua tong ai ien t :
Tong ai ien t co 3 phng thc chuyen mach sau :
Tong ai ien t dung phng thc chuyen mach khong gian (SDM :
Space Devision Multiplexer)
Tong ai ien t dung phng thc chuyen mach thi gian (TDM :
Timing Devision Multiplexer) : co hai loai.
Tong ai ien t dung phng thc ghep kenh theo tan so (FDM :
Frequence Devision Multiplexer).
3.1.6. Trung ke
Trung ke la ng day lien lac gia hai tong ai
Hnh 3 - 6 : Trung ke
Cac loai trung ke:
Trung ke CO-Line (Central Office Line)
Hnh 3 - 7 : Trung ke CO- line

O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 11
Ket noi hai day cap.

S dung ng day thue bao cua tong ai khac lam trung ke cua tong
ai mnh.
Co chc nang nh may ien thoai (nhan khung quay)
Trung ke t ong 2 chieu E & M (Ear And Mouth Trunk)
Hnh 3 - 8 : Trung ke hai chieu

Ket noi day tren bon day Cable.
Hai day e thu tn hieu thoai.
Mot day e thu tn hieu trao oi.
Mot day e phat tn hieu trao oi.
3.2. Gii thieu tong quan ve may ien thoai
3.2.1. Gii thieu
May ien thoai la thiet b au cuoi cua he thong ien thoai, no c lap
at tai n v thue bao e 2 ngi xa lien lac c vi nhau. Hien nay tuy
co nhieu loai khac nhau nhng noi chung may ien thoai van co 3 phan chnh:
Phan chuyen oi mach ien:
Phan nay gom he thong la ma tiep iem va co cac c ien phu co nhiem
vu ong m mach ien khi co yeu cau.
Phan thu phat tn hieu goi:
Phan nay gom 2 phan chnh: may phat ien quay tay va chuong may phat
ien co nhiem vu phat tn hieu goi len ng day va chuong co nhiem vu
bien dong tn hieu goi thanh tn hieu goi.
Phan thu phat thoai :
Gom ong noi va ong nghe, ong noi co nhiem vu bien oi tn hieu am
thanh thanh tn hieu ien va ong nghe ngc lai bien oi tn hieu ien thanh
tn hieu am thanh. Ca 2 c lap chung trong mot bo phan goi la to hp.
Bat c loai may ien thoai nao ve nguyen ly cung phai thoa man cac yeu
cau sau:
Khi may ien thoai khong lam viec phai trang thai san sang tiep nhan
cuoc goi.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 12
Khi thu phat tn hieu goi bo phan thu phat tn hieu goi phai tach ri
ng day ien thoai, luc o tren ng day ch con tn hieu goi.
Khi thu phat tn hieu am thoai bo phan thu phat tn hieu goi lai tach ra
khoi ng ien, luc o tren ng day ch con dong tn hieu thoai.
3.2.2. Chc nang cua may ien thoai
Bat c may ien thoai nao cung phai hoan thanh cac chc nang sau:
Bao hieu cho ngi s dung ien thoai biet he thong tong ai a san
sang hay cha san sang tiep cuoc goi. Chc nang nay the hien cho
phai bao hieu cho ngi s dung ien thoai bang am hieu mi quay so
hay am hieu bao ban.
Phai gi c ma so thue bao b goi vao tong ai. ieu nay c thc
hien bang cach quay so hay nhan phm.
Ch dan cho ngi s dung biet tnh trang dien bien ket noi bang cac
am hieu hoi am chuong hay bao ban.
Bao hieu cho ngi s dung biet thue bao ang b goi thng la bang
tieng chuong.
Chuyen oi tieng noi thanh tn hieu ien truyen i en oi phng va
chuyen oi tn hieu ien t oi phng en thanh tieng noi.
Co kha nang bao cho tong ai khi thue bao nhac may.
Chong tieng goi lai, tieng keng, tieng clic khi phat xung so.
Ngoai ra ngi ta con chu y en tnh nang t ong ieu chnh mc am
thanh nghe, noi. T ong ieu chnh nguon nuoi, phoi hp tr khang vi
ng day. Ngoai chc nang tren ngi ta con che tao cac may ien thoai co
kha nang sau:
Goi bang so rut gon.
Nh so thue bao ac biet.
Goi lai t ong: Khi goi mot thue bao nao o ma thue bao nay ang ban,
ta co the at may trong khi so thue bao va c lu tr trong bo nh
may ien thoai. Sau o ta nhan mot nut tng ng, so ien thoai va goi
nay c phat i, hoac sau thi gian nao o du khong nhan nut goi th so
ien thoai nay cung t ong phat i, khi thue bao ranh th may t ong
reo chuong t hai pha.
Tong ai c noi vi cac thue bao qua 2 ng truyen TIP va RING.
Thong qua 2 ng day nay thong tin t tong ai qua cac thue bao c cap
bang nguon dong t 25 mA en 40 mA en cho may ien thoai.
Trang 13
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
3.2.3. Cac thong so lien quan
Tong tr DC khi gac may ln hn t 20 K.
Tong tr AC khi gac may t 4K en 10K.
Tong tr DC khi nhac may khoang 300.
Tong tr AC khi nhac may khoang 600.
Cac thong so gii han cua mach thue bao c ban.
Bang 3 - 1 : Bang cac thong so cua mach thue bao ien thoai
Thong so
Dong ien lam viec
Nguon tong ai
ien tr vong
Suy hao
Meo dang
Dong chuong
Thanh ap ong noi
Nguon dong ien thoai
Cac gia tr mau

20 80 mA
48 en 60 V
0 en 1300 Ohm
8dB
Tong cong 50dB
90 Vrms / 20 Hz
70 en 90 dB
25 mA en 40 mA
Gia tr s dung
20 en 120 mA
47 en 109 V
0 en 1600 Ohm
17 dB
75 en 90 Vrms / 16 en 25 Hz
<15 Db
35 mA
Tong ai nhan biet trang thai nhac may cua thue bao hay gac may
bang cach s dung nguon mot chieu 48VDC.
Khi gac may tong tr DC bang 20K rat ln xem nh h mach.
Khi nhac may tong tr DC giam xuong nho hn 1K va hai tong ai
nhan biet trang thai nay thong qua dong DC xuat hien tren ng day.
Sau o, tong ai cap tn hieu mi goi len ng day en thue bao.
Dong ien cap chuong: Tong ai cap dong chuong cho thue bao b goi,
dong chuong tong ai cap la dong ien xoay chieu hnh sin hoac xung
co tan so f = 25Hz, co ap t 75VRMS en 110VRMS.
3.2.4. Nguyen ly thong tin ien thoai
Thong tin ien thoai la qua trnh truyen a tieng noi t ni nay en ni
khac, bang dong ien qua may ien thoai. May ien thoai la thiet b au cuoi
cua mang thong tin ien thoai.
Khi ta noi trc ong noi cua may ien thoai, dao ong am thanh cua tieng
noi se tac ong vao mang rung cua ong noi lam cho ong noi thay oi, xuat
hien dong ien bien oi tng ng trong mach. Dong ien bien oi nay c
truyen qua ng day ti ong nghe cua may oi phng, lam cho mang rung
cua ong nghe dao ong, lp khong kh trc mang rung dao ong theo, phat ra
am thanh tac ong en tai ngi nghe va qua trnh truyen dan ngc lai cung
tng t.
Trang 14
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
3.2.5. Quay so
Ngi goi thong bao so mnh muon goi cho tong ai biet bang cach gi so
may ien thoai cua mnh muon goi en cho tong ai. Co hai cach gi so en
tong ai :
Quay so bang xung (Pulse Dialing) : c thc hien bang cach thay
oi tong tr DC cua mach thue bao tao nen xung dong vi so xung
tng ng vi so muon quay.
Cac so quay cua thue bao c truyen en tong ai bang cach ngat dong
ng day theo t so thi gian qui nh tao thanh chuoi xung quay so. So quay
so la la xung tren ng day nen phng phap nay c goi la phng phap
quay so bang xung thap phan.
Quay so bang Tone (Tone Dialing) : May ien thoai phat ra cung luc
hai tn hieu vi tan so dao ong khac nhau tng ng vi so muon
quay (DTMF : Dual Tone Multi Frequence). Khi s dung DTMF e
quay so, cac cap tan so DTMF nh sau:
Bang 3 - 2 : Phan loai tan so tn hieu Tone
Phm Tan so thap (Hz) Tan so cao (Hz)

1
697
1209
697
1336
697
1477
770
1209
770
1336
770
1477
852
1209
852
1336
852
1477
941
1209
941
1336
942
1477
S quay so bang phng phap DTMF co the nhanh gap 10 lan so vi

phng phap quay so bang xung thap phan.
3.2.6. Ket noi thue bao
Tong ai nhan c cac so lieu se xem xet :
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 15
Neu cac ng day noi thong thoai eu b ban th tong ai se cap tn

hieu bao ban.
Neu ng day noi thong thoai khong b ban th tong ai se cap cho
ngi b goi tn hieu chuong va ngi goi tn hieu hoi chuong. Khi ngi
c goi nhac may, tong ai nhan biet trang thai nay, th tong ai ngng
cap tn hieu chuong e khong lam h mach thoai va thc hien viec thong
thoai. Tn hieu tren ng day en may ien thoai tng ng vi tn hieu
thoai cong vi gia tr khoang 300 mV nh nh. Tn hieu ra khoi may
ien thoai chu s suy hao tren ng day vi mat mat cong suat trong
khoang 10 dB 25 dB. Chang han suy hao la 20dB, suy ra tn hieu ra
khoi may ien thoai co gia tr khoang 3 V nh nh.
Ngng thoai :
Khi mot trong 2 thue bao gac may, th tong ai nhan biet trang thai nay,
cat thong thoai cho ca 2 may ong thi cap tn hieu bao ban cho may con lai.
Tn hieu thoai:
Tn hieu thoai tren ng day la tn hieu ien mang cac thong tin co
nguon goc t am thanh trong qua trnh trao oi gia 2 thue bao. Trong o, am
thanh c tao ra bi cac dao ong c hoc, no truyen trong moi trng dan
am.
Khi truyen i trong mang ien thoai la tn hieu thng b meo dang do
nhng ly do : nhieu, suy hao tn hieu tren ng day do bc xa song tren
ng day vi cac tan so khac nhau. e am bao tn hieu ien thoai nghe ro
va trung thc, ngay nay tren mang ien thoai ngi ta s dung tn hieu thoai
co tan so t 300 Hz 3400 Hz.
3.3. Phng thc hoat ong gia tong ai va may ien thoai
3.3.1. Nguyen tac hoat ong
Khi thue bao nhac may lam ong tiep iem chuyen mach tao nen mot
dong ien khoang 20-80mA chay trong vong thue bao. che o nhac may,
ien the DC ri tren ng day gia Tip va Ring khoang 6VDC thiet b au
cuoi thue bao.
Tong ai nhan dang thue bao goi nhac may thong qua s thay oi tong tr
mach vong cua ng day thue bao. Bnh thng khi thue bao v tr gac may
ien tr mach vong la rat ln. Khi thue bao nhac may, ien tr mach vong
thue bao giam xuong con khoang t 150 en 1500. Tong ai co the nhan
biet s thay oi tong tr mach vong nay (tc la thay oi trang thai cua thue
bao) thong qua cac bo cam bien trang thai.
Tong ai co chc nang kiem tra xem con co link nao ranh hay khong. Neu
link con roi th tong ai cap am hieu mi quay so (Dial Tone) cho thue bao.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 16
Dial Tone la tn hieu mi quay so hnh sin co tan so 425 25 Hz. Khi thue bao
nhan biet c tn hieu Dial Tone, ngi goi se hieu la c phep quay so.
Ngi goi bat au tien hanh gi cac xung quay so thong qua viec quay so
hoac nhan nut chon so. Tong ai nhan biet c cac so c quay nh vao
cac chuoi xung quay so phat ra t thue bao goi. Thc chat cac xung quay so la
cac trang thai nhac may hoac gac may cua thue bao.
Neu cac ng ket noi thong thoai b ban hoac thue bao c goi b ban
th tong ai se phat tn hieu bao ban cho thue bao. Tn hieu nay co tan so f =
425 25Hz ngat nhp 0,5s co 0,5 s khong. Tong ai nhan biet cac so thue bao
goi en va kiem tra, xem xet :
Neu so au nam trong tap thue bao th tong ai se phuc vu nh cuoc goi
noi ai.
Neu so au la so qui c goi ra th tong ai phuc vu nh mot cuoc goi
lien ai qua trung ke va gi toan bo phan nh v so quay sang tong ai
oi phng e giai ma.
Neu so au la ma goi cac chc nang ac biet, tong ai se thc hien cac
chc nang o theo yeu cau cua thue bao. Thong thng, oi vi loai tong
ai noi bo co dung lng nho t vai chuc en vai tram so, co them nhieu
chc nang ac biet lam cho chng trnh phuc vu thue bao them phong
phu, tien li, a dang, hieu qua cho ngi s dung lam tang kha nang
khai thac va hieu suat s dung tong ai.
Neu thue bao c goi ranh, tong ai se cap tn hieu chuong cho thue
bao vi ien ap 90VRMS (AC), f = 25Hz, vi chu ky 3s co 4s khong.
ong thi cap am hieu hoi chuong (Ring Back Tone) cho thue bao goi,
am hieu nay la tn hieu sin, tan so f = 425 25Hz cung chu ky nhp vi
tn hieu chuong gi cho thue bao c goi.
Khi thue bao c goi nhac may, tong ai nhan biet trang thai nhac may
nay, tien hanh cat dong chuong cho thue bao b goi kp thi tranh h
hong ang tiec cho thue bao. ong thi, tien hanh cat am hieu Ring
Back Tone cho thue bao goi va tien hanh ket noi thong thoai cho 2 thue
bao.
Tong ai giai toa mot so thiet b khong can thiet e tiep tuc phuc vu cho
cac cuoc am thoai khac.
Khi hai thue bao ang am thoai ma 1 thue bao gac may, tong ai nhan
biet trang thai gac may nay, cat thong thoai cho ca hai ben, cap tn hieu
ban (Busy Tone) cho thue bao con lai, giai toa link e phuc vu cho cac
am thoai khac. Khi thue bao con lai gac may, tong ai xac nhan trang
thai gac may, cat am hieu bao ban, ket thuc chng trnh phuc vu thue
bao.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 17
Tat ca hoat ong noi tren cua tong ai ien t eu c thc hien mot
cach hoan toan t ong. Nh vao cac mach ieu khien bang ien t, ien
thoai vien co the theo doi trc tiep toan bo hoat ong cua tong ai moi thi
iem nh vao cac bo hien th, canh bao.
ien thoai vien co the trc tiep ieu khien cac hoat ong cua tong ai
qua cac thao tac tren ban phm, he thong cong tac.cac hoat ong o co the
bao gom : nghe xen vao cac cuoc am thoai, cat cng bc cac cuoc am
thoai co y o xau, to chc ien thoai hoi ngh. Tong ai ien t cung co the
c lien ket vi may ien toan e ieu khien hoat ong he thong. ieu nay
lam tang kha nang khai thac, lam tang dung lng, cung nh kha nang hoat
ong cua tong ai len rat nhieu.
3.3.2. Qui trnh van hanh cua he mach ien thoai e ban
He thong van hanh cua ien thoai ban nh sau:
Hnh 3 - 9 : S o qui trnh van hanh ien thoai ban

Khi tat ca cac may ien thoai e ban eu gac tay thoai. Luc nay mc
ap tren ng day se la tren di 48VDC va khong co dong ien chay
tren ng day.
Khi may ien thoai A nhac tay thoai: Noi tr nho cua may se tao ra
dong ien chay tren ng day, dau hieu nay se bao cho tong ai ien
thoai ien t biet may A a nhac tay thoai. Tong ai ien thoai se gi
tn hieu mi tn hieu mi quay so en may A.
Tn hieu mi quay so co dang Sin, tan so trong khoang 350 440 Hz,
phat lien tuc. Luc nay ngi may A se nhan cac phm so tren ban phm
e xin lien thong vi may can goi.( V du xin lien thong vi may B).
Neu may ien thoai ben A ang at mode Tone, th moi phm so se
tng ng vi mot tn hieu am thanh song tan, tn hieu nhan dang so nay
se theo day noi gi ve tong ai ien thoai.
Neu may ien thoai at mode Pulse, th moi phm so, mach ieu khien
ban phm se cho ngat day noi bang so lan cua phm so. Tong ai se ghi
nhan so ien thoai ma may A gi ve. Tong ai se tien hanh tm so ien
thoai ma may A xin lien thong.
Trang 18
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Neu tong ai ien thoai ien t phat hien may B ang ban ( nh ang
nhac tay thoai), th tong ai se phat tn hieu bao ban en may A. Tn
hieu bao ban nay co dang Sin, tan so khoang 480Hz 620Hz, phat theo
nhp 0.5s ngng 0.5s (nhp nhanh)
Neu tong ai ien thoai ien t phat hien may B khong ban ( cha nhac
tay thoai), th tong ai se gi tn hieu bao chuong en may B. Luc nay
ben may B se o chuong. Cung luc tong ai cung gi tn hieu hoi chuong
en may A. Tn hieu hoi chuong co tan so khoang t 440Hz 480Hz,
phat theo nhp 2s ngng 4s. Tn hieu nay cho biet may B ang trong
trang thai o chuong va ch ngi en nhac tay thoai.
Khi may B a co ngi nhac tay thoai: Luc nay dong ien chay tren
day se bao cho tong ai ien thoai ien t biet la may B a co ngi
en tiep nhan. Tong ai ien thoai se cho ngat ngay tn hieu bao
chuong va cho noi day, tao s lien thong gia may A va may B.
Bang 3 - 3 : Cac tn hieu thng nghe thay tren ng day ien thoai e ban
Tn hieu mi quay so
Tn hieu bao ban
Tn hieu o chuong
Tn hieu hoi chuong
Tn hieu bao chuong
350Hz 440Hz
480Hz 620Hz
440Hz 480Hz
440Hz 480Hz
25Hz
Phat lien tuc

Phat theo nhp 0.5s ngng 0.5s
Phat theo nhp 2s ngng 4s
3.4. Ly thuyet ve mach khuech ai.

Bo khuech ai thuat toan va cac bo khuech ai thong thng ve c ban
khong co s khac nhau. Ca hai loai nay eu dung e khuech ai ien ap,
dong ien hoac cong suat. Trong khi tnh chat cua bo khuech ai thong thng
phu thuoc vao ket cau ben trong cua mach th tac dung cua bo khuech ai
thuat toan co the thay oi c va ch phu thuoc vao cac linh kien mac
mach ngoai. e thc hien c ieu o, bo khuech ai thuat toan phai co o
khuech ai rat ln, tr khang vao rat ln va tr khang ra rat nho.
Hnh 3 - 10 :Bo khuech ai thuat toan(BKTT)

Bo khuech ai thuat toan c bieu dien nh hnh ve tren. Trong o:
V+,I+:ien ap va dong ien ngo vao khong ao.
V-, I- :ien ap va dong ien ngo vao ao.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 19
Vd :ien ap vao hieu.

Bo khuech ai thuat toan khuech ai hieu ien ap:Vd=V+ - V- ,vi he so
khuech ai Ao>O. Do o, ien ap se la :
Vo=AoVd=Ao(V+ - V-)
Neu V- = 0 th Vo=AoV+, luc nay ien ap ra ong pha vi ien ap vao
V+. V vay ngi ta goi ngo (+) la ngo vao khong ao hoac ngo vao
thuan cua bo khuech ai thuat toan.
Neu V+=0 th Vo= -AoV-, dau tr the hien ien ap ra ngc pha vi
ien ap vao nen ngi ta goi ca (-) la ca vao ao cua bo khuech ai
thuat toan.
Ngoai ra, mot bo khuech ai thuat toan thng co 3 tnh chat e tr thanh
mot OP-AMP ly tng:
o li vo han.
Tr khang vao vo cung ln.
Tr khang ra bang 0..
Theo ly thuyet, neu op-amp co o li vo han th mot ien ap ngo vao cc
nho th ngo ra tng ng phai co ien ap ra ln vo han. Thc s th o li
cung khong the nao vo han, ngay ca trng hp o li rat ln cung khong the
co. Tuy nhien, neu no ung khi ngo vao rat nho se tao ien ap ngo ra en gan
gia tr cc ai (dng hay am). Trong thc te, chung ta t khi c nh vay ma
thng dung them nhng ien tr ben ngoai noi vi Op-Amp e tao ra nhng
o li ma chung ta mong muon. Nhng o khuech ai nh mong muon, nhng
ien tr tao ra o li giam thong qua tn hieu hoi tiep.
Khi dung bo khuech ai thuat toan, ngi ta dung hoi tiep am ma khong
dung hoi tiep dng, v hoi tiep dng lam cho bo khuech ai thuat toan lam
viec trang thai bao hoa. Hoi tiep am lam giam o khuech ai nhng lam
cho bo khuech ai thuat toan lam viec on nh. Trong mot so trng hp,
ngi ta dung ca hoi tiep am lan hoi tiep dng nhng lng hoi tiep am phai
ln hn lng hoi tiep dng.
Trang 20
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
3.4.1. Mach khuech ai khong ao
Hnh 3 - 11 : Mach khuech ai khong ao

Phng trnh Kirchoff I ngo vao V+
VI = V+
Phng trnh Kirchoff I ngo vao V-
V V0
V
+
= 0
R I
R F
Theo tnh chat cua OP-AMP
V
V
R
= V
V IR
V
= V
V
R F
+ V IR
R
=
+ R
R I
= 0
V
I
= 0
3.4.2. Mach khuech ai ao
Hnh 3 - 12 : Mach khuech ai ao

Phng trnh Kirchoff I cho ngo vao V+
V+ = 0
Phng trnh Kirchoff II cho ngo vao V-
VI V
V V
+ 0
=0
RI
RF
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 21
V = V+ = 0
VI
V
+ 0 = 0
RI
RF
V0 =
RF
VI
RI

3.4.3. Mach khuech ai em
Hnh 3 - 13 : Mach khuech ai em

Phng trnh Kirchoff I ngo vao V+
VI = V+
Phng trnh Kirchoff I ngo vao VV- = V0
V- = V+ = VI
V0 = VI.
3.5. Phng thc giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien vi cac vi mach ng dung
trong he thong
3.5.1. Lam the nao e Vi ieu khien co the hoat ong
Vi ieu khien ho 8051 tng thch vi chuan cong nghiep MCS-51TM ve
tap lenh va s o chan. Cac vi ieu khien thuoc ho nay c nhieu nha san
xuat che tao.
AT89C51 thuoc ho vi ieu khien 8051 do hang Atmel san xuat. AT89C51
la vi ieu khien 8 bit vi 4K bytes bo nh Flash PROM (Programmable and
Erasable Read Only Memory) ben trong chip. Bo nh Flash tren chip cho
phep lap trnh ngay tren he thong (In-system programmed) hoac lap trnh nh
mot bo nh khong mat noi dung (PEROM, EEPROM. . .). Vi n v x l
trung tam (CPU-Center Proceesor Unit) 8 bit cung vi bo nh Flash tren cung
mot vi mach, AT89C51 phu hp vi cac ng dung ieu khien. Vi nhng ng
dung khong ln, oi hoi bo nh chng trnh t hn 4K bytes, bo nh d lieu t
hn 128 bytes th viec s dung vi ieu khien AT89C51 la phu hp; vi nhng
ng dung oi hoi bo nh ln hn, co the s dung vi ieu khien AT89C52,
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 22
AT89C55. . . e thc hien, hoac co the m rong them bo nh d lieu va bo

nh chng trnh ben ngoai. Vi ieu khien AT89C51 co 3 dang vo, khac nhau
ve th t chan va hnh dang vo; trong thiet ke nay dang vo PDIP (Plastic Dual
Inline Package) c la chon.
S o chan cua AT89C51 dang vo PDIP nh hnh sau. Chi tiet ve chc
nang cua cac chan c trnh bay phan phu luc.
Hnh 3 - 14 :S o chan cua AT89C51 (PDIP).

Vi ieu khien can co mot nguon xung clock e co the hoat ong. Nguon
xung clock nay co the lay t mach dao ong ben ngoai (external oscillator),
hoac c tao ra bi mot thach anh ket noi ben ngoai. Mach reset t ong
(Auto Reset) luc mi cap nguon c can en e reset vi ieu khien. Mot nut
nhan mac song song vi tu C e co the thc hien reset bang tay trong khi th
nghiem. Chan EA c noi len Vcc e s dung 4K bytes bo nh chng trnh
tren chip.
Hnh 3 - 15: Cung cap nguon xung clock cho vi ieu khien.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 23
Hnh 3 - 16 : S o ket noi cua Vi ieu khien

Vi thiet ke nh tren, chan EA c noi len Vcc, AT89C51 hoat ong
theo chng trnh cha trong bo nh Flash 4K bytes tren chip. Chng trnh
c viet bang nhieu ngon ng khac nhau, sau o s dung cac trnh bien dch
tng ng e co c cac ma lenh tng ng vi AT89C51, ma lenh nay c
nap vao bo nh Flash tren vi ieu khien, CPU oc cac ma lenh t bo nh
Flash e thc thi cac cong viec tng ng. Tuy vao yeu cau cua viec thiet ke
ma chng trnh c viet tng ng, ong thi cac phan cng ben ngoai c
ket noi them e thc hien yeu cau o.
Viet phan mem, bien dch va nap chng trnh vao bo nh flash tren
chip.
Co the s dung cac ngon ng nh: C, Bascom, Assembler. . .e viet ma
nguon; sau o dung cac trnh bien dch tng ng e bien dch ma nguon
thanh ma may ma ma vi ieu khien co the thc thi. Trong o an nay, ngon
ng Assembler c la chon.
Ngon ng Assembler (hp ng) la mot trong nhng ngon ng cua may
tnh, co v tr gia ngon ng may va ngon ng cap cao. Ngon ng cap cao
nh Pascal, C... s dung cac phat bieu de hieu oi vi ngi s dung. Ngon
ng may (machine language) la ngon ng dang so nh phan cua may tnh.
Hp ng s dung cac ma gi nh e thay the cho cac ma nh phan cua ngon
ng may.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 24
Mot chng trnh viet bang hp ng cha the c thc thi bi chip vi
ieu khien. Chng trnh nay phai trai qua qua trnh bien dch e co c
ngon ng may ma chip vi ieu khien co the hieu e thc thi.
Co nhieu trnh dch hp ng va cac ng dung ho tr khac cho phep chung
ta de dang phat trien cac ng dung tren chip vi ieu khien ho 8051. Trnh dch
hp ng ho MCS-51 cua Intel (ASM51.EXE) c dung lam chuan e so sanh
vi cac trnh dch hp ng khac.
Chng trnh nguon viet bang hp ng s dung tap lenh ASM51 e soan
thao. Chng trnh nguon c soan thao tren may tnh (bang phan mem soan
thao van ban), sau o dung trnh bien dch ASM51.EXE e hp dch thanh
mot tap tin oi tng (object file) va mot tap tin liet ke (listing file). Chng
trnh cha trong tap tin oi tng nay cung khong the c thc thi bi chip vi
ieu khien, e co chng trnh co the thc thi c bi chip vi ieu khien ta
can phai co mot trnh bien dch t tap tin oi tng sang ma may. Co the dung
trnh dch OH.EXE e bien dch tap tin oi tng thanh tap tin ma hex.
Chng trnh dang ma may nay c nap vao bo nh Flash cua vi ieu
khien bang kit nap vi ieu khien.
3.5.2. Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien vi Relay va phm nhan.
Muc tieu thiet ke
Viet 2 chng trnh. Chng trnh th nhat, goi la Swicht, thc hien viec
oc trang thai cua phm nhan SW va hien th trang thai cua phm ra Led c
ket noi bi Relay, neu phm c nhan th led sang va ngc lai. Chng trnh
th hai, goi la Flipflop, thc hien viec oi trang thai cua led moi khi phm SW
c nhan roi nha.
Ket noi phan cng
Relay va phm nhan c ket noi vi Vi ieu khien nh hnh di. Bit
P3.1 cua Vi ieu khien noi vi ien tr R101, kch vao cc B cua transistor
Q100 e thuc relay K100; v cuon day cua relay can dong cung cap khoang
250mA nen transistor em Q100 c can en v vi ieu khien khong the
cung cap dong ien ln nh vay. Phm nhan SW c ket noi tai bit P3.4 cua
Vi ieu khien, v a co ien tr keo len ben trong Vi ieu khien nen ien tr
keo len ben ngoai khong can en; SW e h th bit P3.4 co mc logic [1], khi
SW c nhan th bit P3.4 co mc logic [0].
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 25
Hnh 3 - 17 : S o giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien va phm nhan, Relay

Viet chng trnh
Cac chng trnh c thc hien qua cac bc sau ay:
Chng trnh Copy
1. oc trang thai bit P3.4.
2. Xuat trang thai oc c ra bit P3.0.
3. Quay ve bc 1.
Chng trnh thc hien yeu cau tren c viet nh sau:
Org
000h
Loop:
Mov
C, P3.4
;oc trang thai cua SW.
Mov
P3.0, C
;Xuat trang thai ra P3.0.
Sjmp
Loop
;Quay lai t au.
END
Chng trnh Flipflop
1. Kiem tra xem phm co c nhan roi nha.
2. ao trang thai bit P3.0.
3. Quay ve bc 1.
Org
000h
Back1:
Mov
R3, #50
;So em.
Back2:
Jb
P3.4, Back1 ;Khong co phm nhan--> kiem tra lai.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 26
Djnz
R3, Back2
;Co : kiem tra lai 50 lan.
Back3:
Mov
R3, #50
;Kiem tra phm nha.
Back4:
Jnb
P3.4, Back3 ;cha nha phm --> kiem tra lai.
Djnz
R3, Back4
;a nha: kiem tra lai 50 lan.
Mov
C, P3.0
;oc trang thai hien tai.
Cpl
C
;Lay bu.
Moc
P3.0, C
;Xuat lai trang thai.
Sjmp
Back1
;Lam lai.
END
Chng trnh thc hien chong nay cua phm nhan bang phan mem bang
cach kiem tra lien tiep 50 lan trang thai nhan phm va 50 lan trang thai nha
phm. Neu co 1 lan nao o trong 50 lan ma trang thai thay oi eu c xem
la nhieu va so em c khi tao lai.
3.5.3. Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien vi cac IC chot 74HC573 e m
rong port
Muc tieu thiet ke
Viet chng trnh oc lien tuc d lieu Port B xuat ra port A va oc d
lieu Port D xuat ra port C.
Ket noi phan cng
Hnh 3 - 18 : Mach giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien va IC chot

O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 27
IC chot d lieu 74HC573 c ieu khien thong qua 2 ng OE va LE.

Vi cach ket noi nh tren, s dung port 0 lam cac ng xuat nhap d lieu
chung cho 4 IC chot va s dung cac bit port 2 e ieu khien hoat ong cua
IC chot, ta a m rong ra 2 port xuat (Port A va Port C) va 2 port nhap (Port B
va Port C). ieu khien chot d lieu port A, port C c ieu khien bi
ng LE0 va LE2 c ket noi tai bit P2.7, P2.5 cua vi ieu khien. ieu
khien oc d lieu port B va port D c thc hien tren 2 ng OE1 va
OE3. ng ieu khien OE0_2 c at xuong mc logic [0] bi phan mem
e cho phep xuat d lieu port A va port B.
Khi chan OE cua IC chot mc khong tch cc (mc [1]) th cac ngo ra
trang thai tong tr cao, do o khong lam anh hng en tn hieu tren Bus
dung chung.
Cac ien tr keo len ben ngoai c can en do port 0 khong co ien tr
keo len ben trong khi no lam chc nang xuat nhap thong thng.
Viet chng trnh
Chng trnh c thc hien qua cac bc sau
1. a d lieu can thiet at ban au ra port A, port B
2. oc d lieu port B.
3. Xuat d lieu oc c ra port A.
4. oc d lieu port D.
5. Xuat d lieu oc c ra port C.
6. Quay ve bc 2.
LE0
Bit
P2.7
;Khai bao cac t gi nh.
OE1
Bit
P2.6
;s dung trong ch. trnh.
LE2
Bit
P2.5
OE3
Bit
P2.4
OE0_2
Bit
P2.3
Org
000h
Mov
P0,#0FFh
;a d lieu 0FFh len Bus
Clr
LE0
Clr
LE2
Clr
OE0_2
;Xuat ra Port A va Port C
Setb
LE0
Clr
LE0
;Chot d lieu Port A
Setb
LE2
Clr
LE2
;Chot d lieu Port C
Loop:
Lcall
InPortB
;oc d lieu tai Port B
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 28
Lcall
OutPortA
;xuat ra Port A
Lcall
InPortD
;oc d lieu tai Port D
Lcall
OutPortC
;xuat ra Port C
Sjmp
Loop
;Quay ve thc hien tiep.
;======================================================
;OutPortA : Xuat d lieu 8 bit trong thanh ghi A ra port A.
;======================================================
OutPortA:
Mov
P0,A
;a d lieu len bus
Setb
LE0
;Cho d lieu xuat ra Port A
Clr
LE0
;Chot lai.
RET
;======================================================
;OutPortC : Xuat d lieu 8 bit trong thanh ghi A ra port C.
;======================================================
OutPortC:
Mov
P0,A
;a d lieu len bus
Setb
LE2
;Cho d lieu xuat ra Port C
Clr
LE2
RET
;======================================================
;InPortB: oc d lieu 8 bit t port B vao thanh ghi A.
;======================================================
InPortB:
Mov
P0,#0FFh
;Chuan b oc d lieu.
Clr
OE1
;Cho d lieu PortB len bus
Mov
A,P0
;oc d lieu vao.
Setb
OE1
;Cach ly Port B khoi bus.
RET
;======================================================
;InPortD: oc d lieu 8 bit t port D vao thanh ghi A.
;======================================================
InPortD:
Mov
P0,#0FFh
;Chuan b oc d lieu.
Clr
OE3
;Cho d lieu Port D len bus
Mov
A,P0
;oc d lieu vao.
Setb
OE3
;Cach ly Port D khoi bus.
RET
END
3.5.4. Giao tiep vi ban phm so hex s dung ngat ngoai INT0.
Muc tieu thiet ke: Viet mot chng trnh oc k t so hex t ban phm moi
khi co phm nhan va cho hien th ra 8 led (ket noi port 2 thong qua IC chot
74HC573) dang ma nh phan.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 29
Ket noi phan cng
Hnh 3 - 19 : S o giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien va ban phm

Viec ket noi ban phm so hex vi vi ieu khien tao nen mot giao dien
giao tiep gia ngi s dung vi he thong dung vi ieu khien. Ban phm so
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 30
giup cho ngi s dung thiet lap cac thong so cai at, va nhap cac lenh ieu
khien he thong.
Hnh tren trnh bay cach giao tiep gia port 1 cua vi ieu khien vi ban
phm so hex. Ban phm co 16 phm, c sap xep thanh 4 hang (Row) va 4 cot
(Column). Cac ng cot c noi vi cac bit t P1.0 en P1.3, cac ng
hang c noi vi cac bit t P1.4 en P1.7 cua port1. Cac hang c a vao
4 ngo vao cua cong AND dung diode, ngo ra cua cong AND c a en bit
INT0 cua vi ieu khien e co the tao ra mot ngat khi co phm c nhan.
Chan 1 va 4, chan 2 va 3 cua cac SW a c ket noi ben trong nut nhan.
Viet chng trnh
Chng trnh c chia thanh chng trnh chnh va chng trnh con phuc
vu ngat.
Chng trnh chnh gom cac bc sau:
1. Khi tao cac thong so can thiet.
2. Nhay tai cho, khong lam g ca.
Chng trnh con phuc vu ngat gom cac bc sau:
1. Nhap k t t ban phm.
2. Gi ma hien th 8 led.
3. Quay ve bc 1.
LE0
Bit
P2.7
OE0_2
Bit
P2.4
Org
000h
Sjmp Main
;Nhay qua cac a ch ngat.
Org
003h
;Khai bao tai a ch ngat INT0.
Lcall KeyIQR
;oc ma t ban phm va hien th.
RETI
;Tr ve t chng trnh phuc vu ngat.
Org
030h
;Khai bao a ch ch.trnh chnh.
Main:
Mov P1,#0F0h
;Cho cac cot =0 e tao ngat.
Clr
OE0_2
;Cho phep IC chot lam viec.
Mov P2,#00h
;Xuat d lieu 00h
Setb LE0
;ieu khien chot d lieu
Clr
LE0
;e tat cac led.
Setb IE.0
;Cho phep ngat ngoai INT0.
Setb IE.7
;Cho phep ngat toan cuc.
Sjmp $
;Nhay tai cho, khong lam g.
;======================================================
;KeyIQR :Chng trnh phuc vu ngat,
;
Hien th ma so cua phm nhan ra 8 led, hien th dang ma nh phan
Trang 31
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
;
t 00h en 0Fh tng ng cho 16 phm.
;======================================================
KeyIQR:
Lcall ScanKey
;Goi chng trnh nhan ma 1phm.
Jnb
F0,EndKeyIQR ;Co phm a nhan?.
Mov P2,A
;Co: hien th ra 8 led.
Setb LE0
;Cho d lieu qua IC chot
Clr
LE0
;Chot d lieu lai.
EndKeyIQR: RET
;Quay ve.
;======================================================
;ScanKey :Chng trnh oc ma so t ban phm,
;
Co phm nhan : C F0=[1], ma phm cha trong thanh ghi A.
;
Khong co phm nhan : C F0=[0].
;======================================================
ScanKey:
Clr
IE.0
;Cam ngat ngoai INT0.
Clr
F0
;Mac nh khong co phm nhan.
Mov R3,#50
;So em
Back1:
Lcall GetKey
;Phm c nhan?.
Jnc
EndScan
;Khong : thoat.
Djnz R3,Back1
;Co: kiem tra lai 50 lan.
Push Acc
;Lu ma so Hex
Back2:
Mov R3,#50
;Ch phm nha.
Back3:
Lcall GetKey
;Phm c nhan?.
Jc
Back2
;Co: kiem tra lai.
Djnz R3,Back3
;Khong: lap lai 50 lan.
Pop
Acc
;Khoi phuc so Hex.
Setb F0
;Co phm nhan.
EndScan:
Mov P1,#0F0h
;Cho cac cot =0 e tao ngat.
Setb IE.0
;Cho phep ngat ngoai INT0.
RET
;Quay ve.
;======================================================
;GetKey :Chng trnh con kiem tra trang thai ban phm.
;Neu co phm ang nhan : C nh C c set len [1] va ma phm trong
;
thanh ghi A
;Neu khong co phm ang nhan : C C c Clear bang [0].
;======================================================
Getkey:
Mov A,#0FEh
;Bat au vi cot 0
Getkey0:
Mov
Mov
Mov
Mov
Anl
R6,#4
P1,A
R7,A
A,p1
A,#0f0h
;S dung R6 lam bien em.

;Tch cc cot.
;Lu Acc.
;oc lai port 1.
;Cach ly cac hang.
Trang 32
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Cjne
Mov
Rl
Djnz
Clr
Sjmp
Mov
Mov
Clr
Subb
Mov
Mov
Swap
Cjne
Sjmp
Cjne
Mov
Add
Mov
Sjmp
Cjne
Mov
Add
Mov
Sjmp
Mov
A,#0f0h,keypress
;Hang tch cc?.
A,R7
;Khong: chuyen en cot ke.
A
R6,getkey0
C
;Khong co phm c nhan.
Endgetkey
;Quay ve vi C=[0].
R7,A
;Lay ma hang.
A,#4
;Chuan b tnh.
C
;Tnh trong so cua cot.
A,R6
;4-(R6)=trong so.
R6,A
;Lu trong R6.
A,R7
;Phuc hoi ma quet.
A
;at trong 4 bit thap.
A,#00001110b,keypress0 ;So sanh ma quet e
;xac nh hang tch cc.
Endkeypress
A,#00001101b,keypress1
A,R6
;Cong them 4 neu
A,#4
;la hang 1
R6,A
Endkeypress
A,#00001011b,keypress2
A,R6
;Cong them 8 neu
A,#8
;la hang 2
R6,A
Endkeypress
A,R6
Keypress2:
Add
A,#12
;Cong them 12 neu
Endkeypress:
Mov
Setb
Mov
R6,A
C
A,R6
;la hang 3.
;C=[1] (co phm nhan).
;Ma phm trong A
Endgetkey:
RET
Keypress:
Keypress0:
Keypress1:
END
Bat au chng trnh a ch 000h vi lenh Sjmp Main e nhay en
chng trnh chnh c khai bao tai a ch 030h, ong thi nhay qua khoi
vung a ch cua cac vector ngat. ay s dung ngat ngoai INT0, do o a
ch cua vector ngat tai 003h, chng trnh phuc vu ngat ngoai INT0 phai c
khai bao tai a ch nay.
Chng trnh GetKey thc hien quet cac cot va hang cua ban phm e xac
nh xem co phm nhan hay khong. Neu khong co phm nao c nhan,
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 33
GetKey tra ve C=[0]; con neu co mot phm c nhan, GetKey tra ve C=[1],
ma so hex cua phm nhan c lu vao thanh ghi A cac bt t 0 en 3.
Chng trnh ScanKey thc hien viec chong xung nay khi an va nha phm
bang phan mem. Viec chong xung nay c thc hien bang cach lap lai viec
goi GetKey cho en khi 50 lan goi lien tiep eu tra ve C=[1]. Neu co 1 lan
goi nao o tra ve C=[0] eu c hieu la nhieu (ngha la co xung nay) va se
ket thuc chng trnh. Sau khi phat hien co mot phm c nhan hp le,
ScanKey ch 50 lan goi lien tiep GetKey tra ve C=[0] e am bao rang phm
c nha hoan toan. Neu co phm nhan, c F0=[1], ma phm cha trong thanh
ghi A; neu khong co phm c nhan, c F0=[0].
Chng trnh phuc vu ngat KeyIQR c goi moi khi xay ra ngat do mot
phm c nhan, chng trnh nay goi chng trnh con ScanKey e xac nh
xem thc s co mot phm c nhan hay khong, ma phm nhan c xac nh
neu co. Sau khi goi chng trnh con ScanKey, tien hanh kiem tra c F0 e
biet ket qua thc hien cua chng trnh ScanKey; neu F0=0 th khong lam g
ca, neu F0 =1 tc la co phm c nhan, ma phm c xuat ra IC chot c
ket noi port 2 e hien th tren 8 led.
3.5.5. Giao tiep vi ieu khien vi bo nh noi tiep EEPROM AT24C08
Muc tieu thiet ke
Viet 3 chng trnh. Chng trnh thc nhat, goi la Save, ghi 16 byte d
lieu hien ang lu tr trong Ram noi cua Vi ieu khien t a ch 40h en 4Fh
vao EEPROM AT24C08 t a ch 000h en a ch 00Fh. Chng trnh th hai,
goi la Recover, oc 16 byte d lieu t AT24C08 t a ch 000h en 00Fh, lu
vao Ram noi vung a ch t 50h en 5Fh. Chng trnh th ba, goi la Dislay,
oc d lieu trong cac o nh t 50h en 5Fh, cho hien th ra 8 led.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 34
Ket noi phan cng
Hnh 3 - 20 : Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien va EEPROM AT24C08

Phan cng c ket noi nh hnh tren , AT24C08 c ket noi vi Vi ieu
khien qua 2 ng SDA (Serial Data) va SCL (Serial Clock). Vi ieu khien
ieu khien viec oc d lieu AT24C08 hoac ghi d lieu vao AT24C08 thong
qua 2 ng tn hieu nay.
Cac led hien th c ket noi ti Port 2 thong qua IC chot 74HC573.
Viet chng trnh
Trang 35
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Cac thao tac lu tr, phuc hoi va hien th d lieu c thc hien bi cac
chng trnh con, do o 1 chng trnh chnh c can en e goi cac chng
trnh con nay. Cac chng trnh c thc hien qua cac bc sau:
Chng trnh chnh
1. Nap d lieu can ghi vao Ram t o nh 40h en 4Fh ( ay nap d lieu
cua chng trnh 8 led sang dan va tat dan t phai sang trai e th nghiem).
2. Goi chng trnh Save e ghi d lieu vao AT24C08.
3. Goi chng trnh Recover e oc d lieu t AT24C08.
4. Goi chng trnh Dislay e hien th d lieu oc c ra led.
5. Quay ve bc 4.
Ghi d lieu vao AT24C08 (Save)
1. Tao ieu kien Start.
2. Ghi Device Address vi bit R \ W = 0 .
3. Ghi Word Address.
4. Ghi cac byte d lieu (toi a 16 byte cho 1 lan ghi).
5. Tao ieu kien Stop.
oc d lieu t AT24C08 (Recove)
3. Ghi Word Address.
6. oc cac byte d lieu (toi a 16 byte cho 1 lan oc).
7. Tao ieu kien Stop.
oc d lieu t Ram noi va hien th (Dislay)
1. oc d lieu t Ram noi.
2. Hien th ra led.
X24AH
X24AL
LE0
OE0_2
Step1:
Equ
Equ
Bit
Bit
Org
Mov
Clr
Setb
Clr
Mov
Mov
30h
31h
P2.7
P2.4
000h
P2,#00h
OE0_2
LE0
LE0
R0,#40h
R2,#8
;Word Addrress High Byte

;Word Addrress Low Byte
;Xuat 00h e tat cac led.

;Cho phep IC chot xuat d lieu.
;Chot d lieu.
;Bat au vung Ram lu d lieu.
;Bien em.
Trang 36
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Mov
A,#00h
;Khi tao vi A=00h
Step11:
Setb
C
;C=[1] e dch trai vi thanh ghi A
Rlc
A
;e tao d lieu sang dan.
Mov
@R0,A
;Lu tr d lieu vao Ram
Inc
R0
;Tang a ch lu tr.
Djnz
R2,Step11
;Neu cha u 8 lan, quay ve lam tiep.
Mov
A,#0FFh
;Khi tao vi A=0FFh
Mov
R2,#8
;Bien em.
Step12:
Clr
C
;C=[0] e dch trai vi thanh ghi A
Rlc
A
;e tao d lieu tat dan.
Mov
@R0,A
;Lu tr d lieu vao Ram
Inc
R0
;Tang a ch lu tr.
Djnz
R2,Step12
;Neu cha u 8 lan, quay ve lam tiep.
Step2:
Mov
X24AH,#00h
;Chuan b lu tr d lieu vao 24C08.
Mov
X24AL,#00h
;Nap gia tr 0000h vao Word address.
Mov
R2,#16
;So lng byte muon lu tr.
Mov
R0,#40h
;a ch bat au cua vung Ram.
Lcall
Save
;Tien hanh lu tr.
Step3:
Mov
X24AH,#00h
;Nap gia tr 0000h vao Word address.
Mov
X24AL,#00h
Mov
R2,#16
;So lng byte muon oc.
Mov
R0,#50h
;a ch bat au cua vung Ram.
Lcall
Recover
;Tien hanh oc d lieu.
Step4:
Lcall
Dislay
;Hien th.
Sjmp
Step4
;Quay ve hien th t byte au.
;===========================================================
;X24Start: Start Condition : Tao ieu kien Start.
;===========================================================
X24Start:
Setb
SCL
Nop
Setb
SDA
Nop
Clr
SDA
Nop
Clr
SCL
RET
;=======================================================
;X24Stop: Stop Condition :Tao ieu kien Stop.
;=======================================================
X24Stop:
Clr
SDA
Nop
Setb
Nop
Setb
SCL
SDA
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 37
RET
;=======================================================
;Ack from Master :Tao ieu kien Ack t Vi ieu khien.
;=======================================================
MasterAck:
Clr
SDA
Nop
Setb
SCL
Nop
Clr
SCL
RET
;=======================================================
;No Ack from Master :Tao ieu kien No Ack t vi ieu khien.
;=======================================================
MasterNoAck: Setb
SDA
Nop
Setb
SCL
Nop
Clr
SCL
RET
;=======================================================
;
X24TranByte : Tranmist Byte in Acc : Dch 1 byte cha trong thanh
;
ghi A vao AT24C08
;
Neu viec ghi 1 byte thanh cong : c C=[1].
;
Neu viec ghi 1 byte khong thanh cong : c C=[0].
;======================================================
X24TranByte:
Mov
r3,#8
;Bien em so bit truyen.
X24TranByte1: Clr
C
Rlc
A
;Dch 1 bit trong thanh ghi ra c C.
Mov
SDA,C
;Xuat bit ra ng d lieu.
Setb
SCL
;Tao xung Clock
Nop
;tren ng SCL.
Clr
SCL
Djnz
r3,X24TranByte1
;Quay ve truyen bit ke tiep.
Setb
SDA
;Chuan b oc xung Ack
Nop
Setb
SCL
;Tao xung Clock th 9
Nop
; va oc tn hieu Ack
Mov
C,SDA
;vao c C
Clr
SCL
RET
;===========================================================
;
X24ReadByte : Read Byte, put in Acc
;
use
R3
Trang 38
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
;===========================================================
X24ReadByte:
Setb
SDA
X24ReadByte1:
Mov R3,#8
Setb SCL
;Chuan b oc d lieu.
;Bien em so bit oc.
;Tao xung Clock
Nop
; va oc d lieu
Mov C,SDA
; vao c C
Clr
SCL
Rlc A
;Dch d lieu vao thanh ghi A
Djnz r3,X24ReadByte1
;oc bit ke tiep
RET
;=======================================================
;Save: Ghi d lieu vao AT24C08 vi che o ghi trang( Page Write).
; a ch au tien cua vung nh ghi vao trong 2 o nh:X24AH 0 0 0 0 0 x x 0.
;
X24AL x x x x x x x x.
; a ch au tien cua vung d lieu can ghi trong thanh ghi R0.
; So lng byte muon ghi trong thanh ghi R2 (1<=R2<=16).
;=======================================================
Save:
Anl
X24AH,#00000110b ;Ch gi lai 2 bit A1, A0.
Mov
A,#10100000b
;1 0 1 0 A2 A1 A0 R/W\
Orl
A,X24AH
;=> Device Address trong A
Mov
R1,A
;Lu tr A
Lcall
X24Start
;Tao ieu kien Start.
Save1:
Mov
A,R1
;Lay d lieu can ghi.
Save2:
Save3:
Lcall
Jc
Mov
Lcall
Jc
Mov
X24TranByte
Save1
A,X24AL
X24TranByte
Save2
A,@r0
;Ghi Device Address.

;Neu khong thanh cong --> ghi lai.
;Lay d lieu.
;Ghi Word Address.
;oc d lieu trong Ram.
Lcall
X24TranByte
;Ghi Byte d lieu.
Jc
Save3
Inc
R0
;Tang a ch.
Djnz
R2,Save3
;Ghi byte ke tiep.
Lcall
X24Stop
;Tao ieu kien Stop.
RET
;=======================================================
;Recover:
oc d lieu vao AT24C08.
; a ch au tien cua vung nh can oc trong 2 o nh:X24AH 0 0 0 0 0 x x 0.
;
X24AL x x x x x x x x.
; a ch au tien cua vung lu tr d lieu trong thanh ghi R0.
; So lng byte muon oc trong thanh ghi R2 (1<=R2<=256).
;=======================================================
Trang 39
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Recover:
Recover1:
Anl
Mov
Orl
Mov
Lcall
Mov
X24TranByte
Recover1
A,X24AL

Recover2:
Lcall
Jc
Mov
Lcall
Jc
Mov
Orl
Mov
Lcall
Mov
Lcall
Jc
Djnz
X24TranByte
Recover2
A,#10100001b
A,X24AH
R1,A
X24Start
A,R1
X24TranByte
Recover3
R2, Recover5
;Ghi Word Address.

;1 0 1 0 A2 A1 A0 R/W\--Read
;Sao lu.
Call
Mov
Call
Inc
Djnz
Call
X24ReadByte
@R0,A
MasterACK
R0
R2,Recover4
X24ReadByte
;Tien hanh oc (n-1) byte au

;Lu tr byte oc c.
;Tao ieu kien Ack t V.ieu khien.
;Tang a ch vung ram lu tr.
;oc byte ke.
;oc byte th n.
Mov
Call
Lcall
@R0,A
MasterNoACK
X24Stop
;Lu vao Ram tai a ch ke tiep.

;Tao ieu kien No Ack.
;Tao ieu kien Stop.
Recover3:
Recover4:
Recover5:
X24AH,#00000110b
A,#10100000b
A,X24AH
R1,A
X24Start
A,R1
;Ch gi lai 2 bit A1, A0.

;1 0 1 0 A2 A1 A0 R/W\
;Sao lu.
;Lay d lieu can ghi.

;Giam so lng byte 1 n v.
RET
;=======================================================
;Dislay : oc d lieu vung Ran t a ch 50h en 5Fh, hien th 8 led.
;=======================================================
Dislay:
Mov
R0,#50h
;a ch bat au vung d lieu.
Mov
R2,#16
;Bien em so byte can hien th.
Mov
P2,@R0
;Lay d lieu xuat ra port 2.
Setb
LE0
Clr
LE0
;Cho d lieu.
Lcall
Delay
;Delay e co the thay tren led.
Inc
R0
;Tang a ch Ram
Djnz
R2,Dislay1
;Giam bien em va nhay neu
;cha bang 0
RET
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 40
;=======================================================
;Delay : chng trnh delay gan ung 2 giay (2,000080 giay _ Xtal 12MHz)
;=======================================================
Delay:
Mov
R5,#20
Delay1:
Mov
R6,#200
Delay2:
Mov
R7,#248
Djnz
R7,$
Djnz
R6,Delay2
Djnz
R5,Delay1
RET
END
Ngoai cach ghi d lieu vao AT24C08 che o ghi trang (Page Write) va
oc d lieu che o oc lien tiep (Sequential Read) c dung tren, con co
the ghi d lieu vao AT24C08 che do ghi tng byte (Byte Write) va oc d
lieu che oc ngau nhien (Random Read) va che o oc tai a ch hien tai
(Current address Read).
3.5.6. Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien vi IC chuyen dung thu phat DTMF,
IC MT8888.
Muc tieu thiet ke
Viet 2 chng trnh con. Chng trnh th nhat, goi la Transmit, ieu khien
MT8888 phat mot day so c lu tr trong Ram t o nh 40h en o nh 45h
moi khi co nhan phm SwDial. Chng trnh th 2, goi la Receiver, oc lien tuc
d lieu nhan c t MT8888 va cho hien th o 4 led ket noi port 1 khi nhan
SwRec.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 41
Ket noi phan cng
Hnh 3 - 21 : Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien va MT8888

Phan cng giao tiep c thiet ke nh tren nham muc ch th nghiem
viec giao tiep gia vi ieu khien vi IC chuyen dung thu phat DTMF. Mach
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 42
khuech ai tn hieu dung opamp e nang bien o cua tn hieu phat len va tn
hieu nhan xuong.
Nguon mot chieu 24Vdc mac noi tiep vi ien tr R100 (1k ohm) c s
dung e gia lap tn hieu nguon t tong ai a ti. Nguon nay cung cap cho
may ien thoai (telephone) hoat ong. Khi nhac tay thoai, tong tr DC cua
ien thoai khoang 300ohm, dong ien chay trong mach
(I=24/(1000+300)=18.5mA) tng ng nh nguon c cung cap t tong
ai.
Khi ta nhac tay thoai len, nhan mot phm tren ban phm cua ien thoai, tn
hieu DTMF phat ra t mach ien ben trong ien thoai (ien thoai ang at
che o Tone, khong phai che o Pulse) c a en bien ap am tan thong
qua tu lien lac C121. Tn hieu nay cam ng tren cuon day con lai cua bien ap,
qua mach khuech ai roi a en ngo vao DTMF _IN cua MT8888, tn hieu
nay se c MT8888 ghi nhan va giai ma thanh ma 4 bit nh phan trong thanh
ghi nhan cua MT8888. Vi ieu khien oc thanh ghi d lieu nhan cua MT8888
va cho hien th ra led ket noi port 1.
Khi vi ieu khien ieu khien MT8888 phat tn hieu DTMF cua mot so th
tai ngo DTMF_OUT cua MT8888 xuat hien tn hieu DTMF tng ng cua ma
so. Tn hieu nay c a qua mach khuech ai, en cuon day bien ap am
tan, va xuat hien ben cuon day con lai cua bien ap. Neu luc nay, ta nhac tay
thoai len, se nghe c tn hieu DTMF trong loa cua tay thoai.
Cac ien tr keo len ben ngoai port 0 khong can en, v MT8888 c
ket noi nh la mot bo nh d lieu ngoai, luc nay viec truy xuat MT8888 c
thc hien bi lenh MOVX, port 0 c s dung nh la bus d lieu/ a ch a
hp 8 bit nen a co cac ien tr keo len ben trong.
Viec truy xuat MT8888 c ieu khien qua 2 ng RD\ va WR\. Khi 2
ng nay mc khong tch cc, d lieu tren bus cua port 0 khong lam anh
hng en hoat ong cua MT8888.
Viet chng trnh
Chng trnh chnh
1. Khi tao MT8888.
2. Nap day so muon phat vao Ram.
3. Kiem tra phm SwDial, neu co nhan th goi chng trnh Transmit.
4. Kiem tra phm SwRec, neu co nhan th goi chng trnh Receiver.
5. Quay ve bc 2.
Chng trnh Transmit
1. oc d lieu can phat t Ram.
2. Ghi d lieu vao thanh ghi phat cua MT8888.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 43
Chng trnh Receiver

1. oc d lieu t thanh ghi nhan cua MT8888.
2. Hien th ra Led.
Chng trnh
RS_0
SwDial
SwRec
thc hien yeu cau tren c viet nh sau:

Bit
P2.2
Bit
P3.4
Bit
P3.2
Org
000h
Mov
40h,#7
;Lu ma cua so 7.
Mov
41h,#2
;Lu ma cua so 2.
Mov
42h,#2
;Lu ma cua so 2.
Mov
43h,#7
;Lu ma cua so 7.
Mov
44h,#7
;Lu ma cua so 7.
Mov
45h,#10
;Lu ma cua so 0.
Lcall
IntMT
;Chng trnh khi taoMT8888.
Back11:
Mov
R3,#50
;Bien em (chong nay).
Back12:
Jb
SwDial,Back21
;Kiem tra SwDial
Djnz
R3,Back12
;Co nhan, kiem tra lai 50 lan.
Back13
Mov
R3,#50
;Ch nha phm
Back14:
Jnb
SwDial,Back13
Djnz
R3,Back14
Lcall
Transmit
;Goi chng trnh phat.
Back21:
Mov
R3,#50
Back22:
Jb
SwRec,EndCheck ;Kiem tra phm SwRec
Djnz
R3,Back22
;Co nhan, kiem tra lai 50 lan.
Back23:
Mov
R3,#50
Back24:
Jnb
SwRec,Back23
;Ch nha phm.
Djnz
R3,Back24
;Kiem tra lai 50 lan.
Lcall
Receiver
;Goi chng trnh nhan ma.
Endcheck:
Sjmp
Back11
;Quay ve thc hien t au.
;=======================================================
;WriteCR : Ghi d lieu trong thanh ghi A vao thanh ghi ieu khien cua MT8888.
;=======================================================
WriteCR:
Setb
RS_0
Movx
@R0,A
RET
;======================================================
;WriteDigit : Ghi d lieu trong thanh ghi A vao thanh ghi phat cua MT8888.
;=======================================================
WriteDigit: Clr
RS_0
Movx
@R0,A
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 44
RET
;======================================================
;ReadStatus : oc d lieu thanh ghi trang thai cua MT8888 vao thanh ghi A
;=======================================================
ReadStatus: Setb
RS_0
Movx
A, @R0
Anl
A,#0F0h
RET
;======================================================
;ReadDigit : oc d lieu thanh ghi nhan cua MT8888 vao thanh ghi A .
;=======================================================
ReadDigit: Clr
RS_0
Movx
A, @R0
Anl
A,#0F0h
RET
;=======================================================
;IntMT : Khi tao MT8888.
;=======================================================
IntMT:
Lcall
ReadStatus
;oc thanh ghi trang thai.
Mov
A,#00h
Lcall
WriteCR
;CRA=0000b
Mov
A,#00h
Lcall
WriteCR
;CRA=0000b
Mov
A,#08h
Lcall
WriteCR
;CRA=1000b
Mov
A,#00h
Lcall
WriteCR
;CRB=0000b
Lcall
ReadStatus
Mov
A,#00001101b ;Select CRB,IQR\,DTMF, ToneOut
Lcall
WriteCR
;CRA=1101b
A,#00000000b
Mov
Lcall
WriteCR
;CRB=0000b , Burt mode
RET
;=======================================================
;Transmit : Phat day so lu trong Ram t o nh 40h en 45h.
;===================================================
Transmit:
Mov
R0,#40h
;a ch bat au day so.
Mov
R2,#6
;So em (6 so).
Back1:
Mov
A,@R0
;Lay d lieu.
Lcall
WriteDigit
;Phat d lieu.
Back2:
Lcall
ReadStatus
;oc gia tr thanh ghi trang thai.
Trang 45
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Jnb
Inc
Djnz
Acc.1,Back2
R0
R2,Back1
RET
;Kiem tra c phat=1?.

;Tang a ch Ram
;Quay ve phat so ke tiep
;neu cha u 6 so.
; ===================================================
;Receiver : Nhan lien tiep cac so nhan c t MT8888, cho hien th ra 4 led
;
ket noi port 1
;
Chng trnh ch ket thuc khi nhan c ma 0Bh (ma cua phm *).
;=======================================================
Receiver:
Lcall
Jnb
Lcall
Mov
Cjne
RET
END
ReadStaus
Acc.2,Receiver
;oc thanh ghi trang thai.

;Kiem tra c nhan cua MT8888.
;C nhan bang [1].
ReadDigit
;oc thanh ghi nhan.
P1,A
;Hien th ra led
A,#0Bh,Receiver ;So sanh ma ket thuc.
;Thoat neu ung ma ket thuc.
3.5.7. Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien vi IC chuyen dung thu phat ng am,
ISD1420.
Muc tieu thiet ke
Viet 1 chng trnh ISDOut phat mot cau thong bao :Ban a nhan phm,
a lu tr trong ISD1420, moi khi nhan phm SwPlay. Cau thong bao hoan
chnh c ghep t cac oan thong bao rieng re. Cau thong bao: Th nghiem
IC ng am c phat moi khi reset he thong (luc mi cap ien, hoac reset
bang tay).
Gia s cac oan thong bao c lu tr trong ISD1420 tai cac a ch sau:
Bang 3 - 4 : Bang v du thong bao ISD1420
a ch
Noi dung thong bao.
00h
10h
13h
Th nghiem IC ng am.
Ban a.
Nhan phm.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Ket noi phan cng
Hnh 3 - 22 : Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien va ISD1420
Trang 46
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 47
ISD1420 c ket noi vi vi ieu khien, port 0 ket noi ti cac ng a

ch va 2 bit port 2 c ket noi ti ng ieu khien PlayE\ va ng nhan
biet trang thai EOM\. Port 0 c ket noi va ieu khien nh la port xuat nhap
thong thng nen cac ien tr keo len ben ngoai c can en.
Am thanh phat ra t ISD c a ra loa e nghe. Ngo ra SP+ co the c
a en mach khuech ai e co c cong suat ln hn.
Vi ket noi phan cng nh tren, ISD1420 ch vao che o hoat khi co xung
kch chan PlayE\. Sau khi phat xong 1 oan thong bao, ISD t ong vao che
o nguon giam, che o nay cac ng a ch vao trang thai tong tr cao,
cach ly khoi bus.
Cac linh kien ket noi cho ISD c chon theo hng dan cua nha san
xuat.
Viet chng trnh
Chng trnh chnh
1.Phat cau thong bao Th nghiem IC ng am.
2.Kiem tra phm nhan, goi chng trnh ISDOut neu phm c nhan.
3.Quay ve bc 2.
Chng trnh ISDOut
1. oc a ch cau thong bao.
2. So sanh a ch vi 0FFh, neu bang 0FFh th nhay en bc 8.
3. Xuat a ch ra cac ng a ch.
4. Tao xung tai bit PlayE\.
5. Khong lam g cho en khi bit EOM\ xuong mc [0].
6. Khong lam g cho en khi bit EOM\ len mc [1].
7. Quay ve bc 1
8. Ket thuc.
Chng trnh
PlayE
EOM
Sw
BanDa
NhanPhim
thc hien yeu cau tren c viet nh sau:

Bit
P2.0
Bit
P2.1
Bit
P3.4
Equ
10h
Equ
13h
Org
000h
Mov
P0,#00h
;Xuat a ch.
Clr
PlayE
;Tao xung kch PlayE
Trang 48
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Setb
PlayE
Jb
EOM,$
;Ch EOM=[0].
Jnb
EOM,$
;Ch EOM=[1]
Back1:
Mov
R3,#50
;So em.
Back2:
Jb
Sw,Back1
;Kiem tra phm c nhan.
Djnz
R3,Back2
Back3:
Mov
R3,#50
;Ch nha phm
Back4:
Jnb
Sw,Back3
Djnz
R3,Back4
Mov
Dptr,#Message
;Nap a ch cha a ch cau TB.
Lcall
ISDOut
;Phat cau thong bao.
Sjmp
Back1
;===========================================================
;ISDOut :
Chng trnh phat cau thong bao co a ch vung lu tr cua
;
cac oan thong cha trong con tro Dptr
;
Chng trnh ch dng khi gap a ch co noi dung bang 0FFh.
;===========================================================
ISDOut:
Mov
A,#0
Mov
A,@A+Dptr
;oc a ch
Cjne
A,#0FFh,Next
;So sanh vi ma ket thuc.
Sjmp
EndISDOut
;Ket thuc neu gap ma 0FFh
Next:
Mov
P0,A
;Xuat a ch.
Clr
PlayE
;Tao xung kch.
Setb
PlayE
Jb
EOM,$
;Ch phat xong oan thong bao.
Jnb
EOM,$
Inc
Dptr
;Tang con tro en ai ch ke.
Sjmp
ISDOut
;Phat tiep oan thong bao ke.
EndISDOut: RET
Message:
Db
BanDa,NhanPhim,0FFh
END
;Khai bao a ch cac oan thong
;bao trong cau thong bao.
3.5.8. Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien vi IC thu tn hieu hong ngoai, ng dung
ieu khien bang Remote Tivi Sony.
Muc tieu thiet ke

Viet chng trnh kiem tra va xac nh phm c nhan tren Remote, giai
ma va hien th len 8 led dang ma nh phan.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 49
Ket noi phan cng
Hnh 3 - 23 : Giao tiep gia Vi ieu khien va mat nhan Remote Tivi
IC thu tn hieu hong ngoai (con goi la mat nhan hong ngoai) la mot mach
tch hp cua mach thu tn hieu hong ngoai dung photo transistor va mach
khuech ai ben trong mot vo. Mat nhan co 3 chan, trong o co 2 chan cap
Trang 50
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
nguon va 1 chan tn hieu ra. Tn hieu hong ngoai c mat nhan bien oi
thanh tn hieu ien, khuech ai bien o va a en vi ieu khien. Vi ieu
khien oc tn hieu nay e xac nh phm nao tren remote c nhan.
Viet chng trnh
Chng trnh c thc hien qua cac bc sau
1. Kiem tra tn hieu bit P2.1, ket noi vi ngo ra cua IR.
2. Neu IR xuong mc [0] th goi chng trnh nhan ma.
3. Hien th ma nhan c ra led hien th.
4. Quay ve bc 1.
IR
Bit
P2.1
OE0_2
Bit
P2.4
LE0
Bit
P2.7
Var1
Equ
30h
Var2
Equ
31h
Org
000h
Clr
LE0
Mov
P0,#00h
;Xuat 00h e tat cac led
Setb
LE0
;Chot d lieu
Clr
LE0
;lai.
Loop:
Jb
IR,$
;Kiem tra tn hieu IR
Lcall
CheckIR
;Co: goi chng trnh nhan.
Mov
P0,Var1
;Hien th d lieu nhan c.
Setb
LE0
Clr
LE0
Sjmp
Loop
;========================================================
;CheckIR: Nhan tn hieu phm nhan.
;
Ma phm cha trong bien Var1
;
Ma thiet b trong bien Var2
;========================================================
CheckIR:
CheckIR0:
CheckIR00:
Mov
VAR1,#0
Mov
Mov
Mov
Jnb
Jb
Call
Djnz
Rr
VAR2,#0
R2,#7
A,#0
IR,$
IR,$
RecBitIR
R2,CheckIR0
A
;Chuan b nhan ma
;So em 7 bit cua ma phm.

;Ch cho het
;bit start.
;Nhan 1 bit
;Giam so em, nhan bit ke.
;a ve 7 bit thap nhat.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 51
Mov
VAR1,A
;Lu tr ma phm.
Mov
R2,#5
;So em 5 bit ma thiet b.
Mov
A,#0
CheckIR1:
Jnb
IR,$
Jb
IR,$
Call
RecBitIR
;Nhan 1 bit
Djnz
R2,CheckIR1
;Giam so em, nhan bit ke.
Rr
A
;a ve
Rr
A
; 5 bit thap nhat.
Rr
A
Mov
VAR2,A
;Lu tr ma thiet b.
CheckIR3:
Jnb
IR,CheckIR3
;Delay e
LCALL
DELAYIR
;bo qua cac
CheckIR30:
Jnb
IR,CheckIR30 ;chu ky xung
LCALL
DELAYIR
;con lai
CheckIR31:
Jnb
IR,CheckIR31 ;neu co.
LCALL
DELAYIR
RET
;========================================================
;RecBitIR: Nhan 1 bit, xac nh bit nhan c.
;========================================================
RecBitIR:
Call
Delay_750us
;Ch en bit ke.
Jb
IR,Bit0
;Xet xem la
Setb
C
;bit [1] hay bit [0]
Sjmp
RecBitIR0
Bit0:
Clr
C
RecBitIR0:
Rrc
A
;Dch bit vao A
RET
;Quay ve.
;========================================================
;Delay_750us : Delay 750us
;========================================================
Delay_750us:
Mov
R6,#03
Delay_750us0:
Mov R7,#150
Djnz
R7,$
Djnz
R6,Delay_750us0
RET
;========================================================
;DelayIR : Delay 75ms, het 1 chu ky phat xung cua remote.
;========================================================
END
Trang 52
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
CHNG 4.
THIET KE PHAN CNG
4.1. Yeu cau cua he thong.

4.1.1. Yeu cau.
Mat ma cua he thong : gom 5 so.
Ma xem trang thai va ieu khien thiet b gom 3 so c qui nh nh
sau:
So th nhat va so th hai la nh v thiet b :
So th nhat va so th hai = 01 : Thiet b so 1.

So th ba la ma trang thai va ma ieu khien thiet b
So th ba =1 : La m thiet b.
So th ba =2 : La tat thiet b.
So th ba =3 : La xem trang thai thiet b
Ma tr ve ban au chng trnh la phm *
Ma thoat chng trnh la ###
4.1.2. Hoat ong cua he thong
e ieu khien he thong, ngi ieu khien co the bat ky mot thue bao
nao quay so ti thue bao cua he thong. Thue bao c goi co mach ieu
khien mac song song vi day ien thoai (thiet b muon ieu khien c mac
vao mach ieu khien). Sau mot thi gian o chuong nhat nh (he thong t
kiem tra, em hoi chuong ). Neu khong co ai nhac may th mach ieu khien
CPU se t ong ieu khien ong mach tai gia ket noi he thong ra ng day.
Sau o, he thong se phat cau thong bao cho ngi ieu khien: ay la he
thong ieu khien. Mi nhap mat ma. Ngi ieu khien se nhan ma Password
e xam nhap vao he thong ieu khien.
Neu ngi ieu khien nhap sai Password th he thong phat ra thong bao :
Mat ma sai. Mi nhap mat ma lai.
Chng 4. Thiet ke phan cng.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 53
Khi nhan ung ma so Passwords mach se phat ra li gii thieu e ngi

ieu khien biet vi noi dung thong bao: Mat ma ung. Mi nhap ma ieu
khien thiet b. Luc nay, he thong ieu khien san sang nhan lenh.
Neu muon kiem tra trang thai tat ca cac thiet b trc khi ieu khien va
sau khi ieu khien th ngi ieu khien nhan ma so e kiem tra. Neu ngi
ieu khien muon kiem tra trang thai thiet b nao th ngi ieu khien nhan
phm tng ng cho tng thiet b ( tng ng t 01 en 16 ), sau o ngi ieu
khien nhan phm so 3 e xem trang thai cua thiet b o.
V du :Ngi ieu khien muon xem trang thai hoat ong cua thiet b so 1
th ngi ieu khien nhan ma 013, hoac thiet b so 16 th nhan ma so 163,.
Neu thiet b so 1 ang m th he thong phat ra cau thong bao : Thiet b
so 1 ang m . Neu thiet b so 16 ang tat th he thong phat ra cau thong
bao: Thiet b so 16 ang tat .
Khi ngi ieu khien biet c trang thai cua tng thiet b th ngi ieu
khien co the tat m cac thiet b.
Neu ngi ieu khien muon m thiet b th ch can bam phm tng ng
cho tng thiet b sau o nhan so 1
V du: Ngi ieu khien muon ieu khien m thiet b so 2 th ch can bam
phm 021( tng ng cho cac thiet b con lai). Sau o he thong se phat ra cau
thong bao : Thiet b so 2 ang m .
Neu ngi ieu khien muon tat thiet b th ch can bam phm tng ng
cho tng thiet b sau o nhan so 2.
V du: Ngi ieu khien muon ieu khien m thiet b so 12 th ch can
bam phm 122( tng ng cho cac thiet b con lai). Sau o he thong se phat ra
cau thong bao : Thiet b so 12 ang tat .
Neu ngi ieu khien nhan lon so th ngi ieu khien nhan phm *, e
tr ve trang thai ban au.
Neu ngi ieu khien muon thoat khoi chng trnh ieu khien th ngi
ieu khien nhan phm ###, e thoat khoi chng trnh ieu khien. Luc nay
he thong se ngat mach khoi thue bao.
Neu sau khi ieu khien xong, ngi ieu khien gac may ma khong nhan
ma ### th mach khong con nhan c lenh ieu khien. Sau mot thi gian
nhat nh, mach se t ong ngat mach ket noi thue bao.
Chu y, trong thi gian ieu khien, neu co ngi nao o nhac may ben
may b goi th van co the thong thoai vi ngi ieu khien.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 54
4.1.3. S o khoi cua he thong.

Do yeu cau cua e tai at ra he thong nay c thiet ke gom cac khoi
sau:
Khoi thu chuong.
Khoi ieu khien Relay.
Khoi tao tai gia.
Khoi thu phat DTMF.
Khoi phat thong bao.
Khoi x ly trung tam (CPU).
Khoi ieu khien va nhan biet trang thai thiet b.
Bo nh ngoai lu tr thong tin.
S o khoi:
Hnh 4 - 1 : S o khoi cua he thong.

4.1.4. Chc nang cac khoi.
a. Khoi ieu khien Relay
Khoi ieu khien Relay co chc nang ket noi he thong ieu khien vao
ng day khi mach thc hien chc nang ieu khien va ngat khoi thu chuong
ra khoi ng day.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 55
b. Khoi tao tai gia

Chc nang cua khoi nay la tao c trang thai nhac may khi co yeu cau t
khoi x ly trung tam( khoi CPU ). Khoi nay co nhiem vu tao ra tai gia sau so
hoi chuong qui nh ma thue bao c goi khong co ngi nhac may. Tong
ai nhan c s thay oi tai do o ket noi thong thoai gia may goi va may
c goi.
b. Khoi thu chuong
Khoi nay co chc nang la khi ngi ieu khien goi ti, mach cam bien
phat hien tn hieu chuong do tong ai cap va cap tn hieu bao cho khoi x ly
trung tam x ly. Sau so hoi chuong cai at trc ma khong co ngi nhac may
th khoi CPU xuat lenh ieu khien ong tai gia ket noi he thong vao che o
ieu khien t xa.
d. Khoi phat thong bao
Chc nang cua khoi nay la phat cau thong bao a thu san len ng
truyen tng ng tng thi iem, nham giup ngi ieu khien mot ni co
the kiem soat hoat ong cua tng thiet b trong qua trnh ieu khien. Khoi nay
s dung ho IC chuyen dung ISD1420.
e. Khoi thu phat DTMF
Khoi nay bao gom hai qua trnh : thu va phat
Khi thu tn hieu
Khoi nay co chc nang thu tn hieu DTMF t ng day thue bao ien
thoai va chuyen oi xuat ra d lieu 4 bit dang nh phan tng ng vi tn hieu
nhan c
Khi phat tn hieu
Chc nang cua phan phat nay la nhan dang d lieu nh phan 4 bit t khoi
x ly trung tam va bien oi thanh cac cap tan so DTMF tng ng phat len
ng truyen line ien thoai.
f. Khoi ieu khien thiet b va trang thai thiet b
Khoi ieu khien thiet b : Khoi nay co chc nang m hay ong thiet b
theo yeu cau cua ngi ieu khien.
Khoi nhan biet trang thai thiet b : Khoi nay co chc nang nhan biet trang
thai cua thiet b e bao ve cho khoi x ly trung tam.
g. Khoi x ly trung tam (Khoi CPU )
Chc nang cua khoi nay la ieu khien toan bo hoat ong cua he thong.
Hoat ong da san.
Trang 56
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
h. Bo nh ngoai
Chc nang chu yeu cua khoi nay s dung Vi mach EEPROM AT24C08 e
dung lam bo nh lu tr cac thong tin t Vi ieu khien. Mang tnh bao mat
cua he thong cao.
4.2. Thiet ke tng khoi .
4.2.1. Khoi cam bien chuong .
a. S o nguyen ly.
R110
1k
R300
4.7k
VCC
2 LINE2
+ 1
C110
10u/100v
DZ110
12v
N110
OPTO
RING_DETECT
B100
1A
3 -
J100
1 LINE1
C100
R100
2.2u/250v1k
Hnh 4 - 2 : Mach cam bien tn hieu chuong.

b.Nguyen ly hoat ong.
Khi tong ai cap tn hieu chuong cho thue bao. Tn hieu chuong la tn hieu
xoay chieu co bien o 75VRMS 90 VRMS, tan so f = 25 Hz, co chu ky 3 giay
co 4 giay khong. Tn hieu nay qua tu C100, tu C100 co nhiem vu ngan dong DC
ch cho tn hieu chuong i qua. ong thi, tu C100 va R100 tao ra sut ap AC lam
giam bien o tn hieu chuong. Sau o tn hieu chuong qua cau diode e chnh
lu toan song. Tn hieu sau khi i qua cau diode se tang oi tan so va o gn
song nhap nho. Khi tan so ln hn th viec triet tieu o nhap nho cua tn hieu
de hn. Tu loc C110 dung loc phang o nhap nho nay. Tn hieu sau o c
ghim ap bi DZ110 va qua R110 sau o a vao Opto. Khi diode Opto phan cc
thuan, diode nay se phat quang kch vao cc B cua transistor co cc C c
noi ien tr len nguon +5V thong qua ien tr R300 phan cc cho transistor.
Khi cha co dong chuong o vao, Transistor cua Opto ngat, ngo ra cc C
cua Transistor noi len nguon (mc 1) nen ngo vao P3.4 cua vi ieu khien
mc 1 trang thai ch.
Khi co dong chuong o vao, diode Opto phan cc thuan, diode nay se
phat quang kch vao cc B cua Transistor cua Opto, dan en Transistor cua
Opto dan bao hoa dng, nen ngo vao P3.4 cua Vi ieu khien AT89C51
mc thap, bao he thong c goi t ben ngoai vao.
c.Tnh toan thong so.
Tn hieu chuong cua tong ai cap cho thue bao co ien ap hieu dung
khoang 75Vrms en 90Vrms, tan so f = 25HZ.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 57
Chon DZ110 la diode Zenner loai 12V.

Chon dong qua Opto la khoang IOPTO = 4mA, ien ap ri tren led cua Opto
la 1,2V.
Tnh ien tr R110:
R110 =
12V 1.2V
Vzenner Vled
=
= 1,08K
0.01A
Iopto
Chon R110= 1 K
Tnh R100, C100 =?
Chon ien ap tn hieu chuong la 90V.
Theo thong so cua dong chuong chon dong chuong 35mA.
V chon DZ110 = 12V , do o sut tren cau Diode chnh lu ( 2 diode ) =
1.4 V.
Do o chon ien ap vao cau chnh lu la : 1.4V + 12V= 15.4 V
Vay chon ap vao cau chnh lu la 16V.
Do o sut ap tren tu C100 va R100 la :90V- 16V =74V
Tong tr tng ng tren C100 va R100 la:
Z (C100_R100) =
74V
= 2960
0.025A
Vay chon R100 = 1 K

Do o = > ZC100 = 2.96 1 = 1.96 k
Do o = > ZC100 = 2.96 1 = 1.96
Ma ZC100 = 1/ C100 , f= 25Hz
C100 =
1
1
=
= 3F
Zc100 2x3.14x 25x1960
Chon C100 = 2.2 F

Chon tr so tu C110 sao cho ZC110 << R110
= > C110 >>
1
1
=
= 6,3 F
R110 2x3.14x 25x1000
Vay chon C110 = 10 F/100V

Tnh R300 :
Ta chon Opto la N35 co cac thong so:
- IF = 10mA (dong ien qua diode ben trong Opto coupler)
- VCEO = 30V
Trang 58
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
- VCE = 0,3V tai ngo ra la IC=5mA
Thong so c chon e tnh toan R300 : IC = 3mA. Dong colector

Gia tr cua R300 : R 300 la
=
5V 0,3V
= 1,5K
3mA
=>Chon R300 = 4.7K. v can Opto dan che o dan bao hoa)
Cac thong so mach a c tnh toan :
C100= 2.2 F/250V.
C110 = 10F/100V.
R300 = 4.7K, R100 = 1k.
Diode zener co DZ110 = 12V.
4.2.2. Khoi ieu khien Relay
a.S o nguyen ly.
Hnh 4 - 3 : Mach ieu khien Relay.

b. Nguyen ly hoat ong cua mach
Trong trang thai bnh thng th Relay c au theo nguyen tac 2 chap
vi 3, 6 chap vi 7. Khi co tn hieu chuong, CPU ieu khien chan
P3.0(Line_Control) len mc cao kch vao cc B cua Transistor Q100, lam
Transistor nay dan. Luc nay trong mach thong kn dong Relay tc tiep iem 5
chap 7, ong thi Led 100 sang va bao cho biet la mach tao tai gia cung a
noi ra ng trung ke .
Diode D100 co cong dung bao ve Q100 khoi b anh thung va qua ap khi
Relay ong ngat
c . Tnh toan thong so
Chon Q100 la loai Transistor Loai C945 co cac thong so sau:
VCEsat = 0.2V
ICmax =100mA
Pmax = 250mW
Trang 59
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
= 200
Chon Relay trong mach la loai 5V, tr cua cuon day la khoang 150
Do o, dong ien qua Relay la : I =
Vrelay
5
=
= 33mA
Rday 150
Tnh R101=?
Q100 dan bao hoa, do o ta co : VCE = 0.2
V vay dong chay qua Relay thc s la : I =
Vrelay Vce 5 0.2

=
= 32mA
Rday
150
e Relay hoat ong ong ngat th Q100 phai dan bao hoa
Chon =90
=> I B100 =
Irelay 32
=
= 350mA
90
Khi Q100 dan bao hoa th ta co

R101 =
Vrelay Vbe (5 0.6)V

=
= 12,28k
Ib100
0.35A
Vay chon R101 = 10 K

4.2.3. Khoi tao tai gia
a. S o mach nguyen ly
C121
10u
T120
1
5
DZ200
4.7v
R120
6.8k
3
Q120
C945
DZ201
4.7v
1:1
C120
10u/50v
R121
220
Hnh 4 - 4 : Mach tai gia.

b. Nguyen ly hoat ong
Mach tao tai gia c mac nh hnh tren nh mot thue bao nhac may
giong thue bao cua mot bu ien. Mach tao tai gia gom Transistor Q120, tu
C120, tr R120, R121, bien ap cach ly 1:1. Tong tr DC cua cua mot may ien
thoai khi nhac may khoang 300 va tong tr AC khoang 600. Q120 co
nhiem vu thay the mot thue bao tren lnh vc tr khang, tu C120 nham loc
xoay chieu, nen ve mat xoay chieu Q120 xem nh h mach. Tn hieu AC
khong anh hng en tr khang DC cua mach. Tu C121 co nhiem vu cach ly
DC ch cho tn hieu am tan i qua, tn hieu am tan nay c tai qua bien ap
suat am. Cuon s cua bien ap nay c mac lam tai cua tang khuech ai
cong suat am tan.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 60
Hoat ong chnh cua mach la khi co tn hieu chuong khoi chuyen mach se
ket noi mach tao tai gia vao day thue bao trang thai nhac may e tong ai
ben ngoai ket noi thong thoai vi he thong ieu khien.
c. Thiet ke cac thong so
Do yeu cau ve tr khang do o ta phai thiet ke mach sao cho trang thai
nhac may tong tr DC khoang 300
Chon linh kien Q120 loai C945 vi cac thong so sau:
He so khuech ai : = 100
Dong : ICmax = 1A
Dong thong thoai cua tong ai cap en he thong khoang 50mA en
100mA
Tnh thong so :
S o tng ng tn hieu nho
Hnh 4 - 5 : S o tng ng cua mach tai gia.

Ta co : Theo nguyen ly vong th
VDC = ( R120 + hie).IBQ +R121. .IBQ
Ma R120 >> hie
Do o : => VDC = (R120 + R121. ) .IBQ
Dong ien qua cc C trong mach : I = IBQ + .IBQ = .IBQ
Chon =100, ta co ien tr tng ng cua mach
R DC =
VDC (R120 + .R121 ) .IBQ R120 + R..121

=
=
.IBQ
RDC : ien tr mot chieu khi nhac may

Chon R120 = 6.8k , R121 = 220
Trang 61
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Vay RDC = 220 +
6800
= 288 < 300 ( thoa ieu kien )
100
Vay thoa ieu kien tieu chuan cua tong ai

Tnh thong so cua tu C120 =?
Tu bypass C120 co chc nang loc xoay chieu va c xac nh sao cho :
ZC120 << .R121
1
<< .R 121
.C120
Vi = 2f , f = 300Hz la tan so thap nhat cua tn hieu thoai thay vao (1)
ta c :
C120 >>
1
1
=
= 0.04F
2f ..R 121 2.3,14.300.60.220
Chon C120 = 10F/50V

Chon may bien ap?
Nh vay, xet ve mat xoay chieu C120 coi nh noi tat. Do o, tr khang
xoay chieu c xac nh nh sau:
ZAC = R120 // Zbien ap = Zbien ap ( V Zbien ap << R120 )
Theo tieu chuan tong ai ta chon Zbien ap = 600
Tnh C121=?
Gia tr cua tr cua tu C121 c chon sao cho :
ZC121 <
Zbien ap
600
=
= 60
10.
10.
Do o, ta co : C121 >
1
= 9F
2x3.14 x 60
Tu C121 co tac dung ngan DC, thong AC. Chon C121 = 10F/50V
Cac thong so mach a c tnh toan sau:
Q120 la transistor C945
R120 = 6.8K, R6 = 220
C121 = C120 = 10 F/50V
Trang 62
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
4.2.4. Mach chong qua ap
a. S o nguyen ly
T120
1
5
DZ200
4.7v
DZ201
4.7v
1:1
Hnh 4 - 6 : Mach chong ao cc.

b. Thiet ke thong so
Mach chong qua ap co chc nang ghim ap e khong anh hng ien ap
cao cua ng day en cac khoi trong he thong.
Chon Diode Zenner loai 4.7V
Mach s dung 2 Diode mac ngc chieu nhau, nham chong qua ap cho ca
hai chieu.
Khi (5)dng, (3) am th Vbien ap = 4.7 + 0.7 = 5.4V
Khi (3)dng, (5) am th Vbien ap = 4.7 + 0.7 = 5.4V
Do o ien ap cap cho mach luon am bao ieu kien lam viec.
4.2.5. Mach thu phat DTMF
a. S o nguyen ly
Hnh 4 - 7 : Mach thu phat DTMF
Trang 63
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Bo thu DTMF
Khi tn hieu thu c a vao chan IN- (chan so 2 cua MT8888) th ben
trong IC nay co bo khuech ai Tone se khuech ai tn hieu thu nay. Ban au
cap tan so cua ma tone c qua bo loc tan so (Dial Done Filter). Bo nay se
tach tn hieu thanh hai nhom. Mot nhom tan so thap, mot nhom tan so cao.
Nhom th nhat se loc thong day tan so t 697HZ en 941HZ va nhom th hai
se loc thong day tan so t 1209 HZ en 1633 HZ. Tng ng vi day tan so
nhom cao va nhom thap cua tn hieu DTMF nh sau:
Bang 4 - 1 : Bang hai nhom tan so DTMF
Nhom tan so cao
Nhom tan so thap
697Hz
1209Hz
770Hz
1336Hz
825Hz
1477Hz
941Hz
1633Hz
Ben canh o cau truc ben trong cua IC MT8888 con co bo loc loai bo tan
so 350Hz va 440V cua bo loc tan so Dial Tone e han che tn hieu au vao.
Khi bo do cung nhan u co hai tone thch hp th no chuyen hai tan so nay ti
bo giai ma tng ng cua DTMF, trc khi gi cac ma nay vao thanh ghi no
co bo kiem tra e nhan biet s ton tai cua tn hieu nay. Khi tn hieu giai ma
c ghi vao cac thanh ghi, th tn hieu nay c chuyen qua bo chuyen oi
A/D (chuyen t tng t sang so ) chuyen thanh ma nh phan 4 bit xuat ra
cac chan 14,15,16,17 ( D0,D1,D2.D3) cua MT8888 a ti khoi x ly trung
tam (tng ng cac bit P0.0, P0.1, P0.2, P0.3 cua vi ieu khien e x ly.
Nh vay khi xuat hien 1 cap tan so tone tren ng day, qua R400 a
vao ngo vao IN- th ngo ra se xuat hien dang nh phan 4 bit tng ng .
Bo phat DTMF
Ngc lai vi qua trnh thu la qua trnh phat, bo phat DTMF trong MT
8888 co kha nang tao tat ca 16 cap tone DTMF chuan toi thieu va o chnh
xac cao. Tat ca tan so nay eu lay t dao ong thach anh 3,579545 MHz mac
ngoai . Ma nh phan 4 bit c phat ra cac bit :P0.0, P0.1, P0.2, P0.3 cua vi
ieu khien c a en D0, D1, D2 , D3 cua IC MT 8888. D lieu nay c
c a vao thanh ghi d lieu, sau o c a en bo chuyen oi D/A
(chuyen t so sang tng t ) thanh tn hieu tng t vi tn hieu nh luc thu.
Sau o Tn hieu DTMF nay c a ra chan so 8 cua IC MT 8888 va c
khuech ai e phat en thue bao nhan.
Viec thu phat DTMF cua IC MT8888 c khoi x ly trung tam ieu
khien thong qua cac chan IRQ/CP,RSO,WR,CS c noi ti cac bit cua vi
ieu khien.
c. Thiet ke va tnh toan mach nhan va giai ma DTMF :
Trang 64
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Cac thong so cua MT8888 do nha san xuat hng dan. Cac gia tr ien
tr, tu ien, thi gian an toan, bao ve c nha san xuat a ra :
R400 =R401=100K
R404 =374K (Chon R404 =330K )
C400 =C7=100nF
Xtal =3,579545 MHZ
R403 = 22K , R405 = 10K
Nguon cung cap : VCC = +5V
4.2.6. Mach khuech ai tn hieu
a. S o nguyen ly
3
VR210
10K
1
5V
TL082
N201A
8
5
SP+
R211 C211
10k
100n
SJ
VDD
5V
-5v
C201
100n
7
DTMF_OUT
R213
10k
DTMF_IN
1
2
3
4
TL082
N201B
+
4
R201
10k
-5v
5V
C200
100n
VR200
100k
1
R210 C210
10k
100n
8
1
C212
100n
R212
1k
-5v
Hnh 4 - 8 : Mach khuech ai tn hieu.

b. Nguyen tac hoat ong cua mach
Tn hieu Tone ngo ra so 8 cua IC MT8888 khong u ln e truyen tai i,
do o ta can phai khuech ai tn hieu nay e e truyen i. Tn hieu Tone nay
c a qua IC TL082 nh cau tao Opam ben trong IC nay nen tn hieu c
khuech ai bien o. He so khuech ai phu thuoc vao tnh toan thong so.
ay ta chon he so khuech ai Av =2 . Ngc lai, tn hieu tren ng truyen
e truyen vao IC MT8888 cung nho, do o ta cung qua Opam e khuech ai
trc khi qua tu C201 e vao chan so 2 (IN - ) cua IC MT8888.
Ngoai ra tn hieu am thanh xuat ra t IC ISD1420 cung nho. V vay ta
cung can phai khuech ai tn hieu len e u bien o phat len ng truyen.
c. Thiet ke cac thong so mach khuech ai
Chon IC khuech ai la loai : TL082
He so khuech ai can thiet ke la : Av =2
Ta co: Av =
VR 211
=2
R 213
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 65
Do o : VR211= 2. R213
Ta chon : R212 = 10 K, R211= 10 K
T o : VR213 = 20K
Vay chon VR213 = 100 K
Trng t thc hien tnh toan nh tren ta chon cac thong so cua mach :
VR200 =100 K
R212 = 10 K, R211= 10 K
Cac tr so cua tu trong mach tren c chon la cac tu lien lac, vi tan so
tn hieu am tan khoang 300Hz en 3400 Hz. Va ta chon cac tr so cua tu nh
sau:
C200 = C200 = C210 =C211 = C212 = 10 uF
IC khuech ai la loai : TL082
C200 = C200 = C210 =C211 = C212 = 10 uF
R212 = 10 K, R211= 10 K, R212 = 10 K, R211= 10 K
VR200 = VR201 = 100 K
4.2.7. Mach ieu khien thiet b va nhan biet trang thai thiet b
a. S o nguyen ly
Hnh 4 - 9 : Mach ieu khien thiet b.

Trang 66
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Tn hieu ieu khien t ngo ra cua bo x ly trung tam c a en IC

745HC73. IC nay co chc nang chot trang thai d lieu theo s ieu khien cua
bo x ly trung tam. Tn hieu nay tac ong en cc B cua transistor lam ong
ngat Relay. Cac tiep iem cua Relay c ket noi ra ben ngoai e ket noi
thiet b can ong ngat.
Sau khi tiep iem cua Relay ong ngat tc ieu khien tat m he thong
thiet b. Sau khi thiet b a hoat ong, e ngi ieu khien co the biet c
trang thai cua thiet b th phai co tn hieu hoi ve e bao cho ngi ieu khien
biet trang thai thiet b o tat hay m. Tn hieu hoi ve nay c lay tiep
iem cua Relay sau khi thiet b cua he thong a hoat ong.
Tng t hoat ong nh tren cho he thong bao gom 16 thiet b .
c. Thiet ke va tnh toan
Chon Relay 5VDC, co ien tr 150 , ien ap chu ng cua tiep iem la
220VAC.
Chon Q501 Q516 la C945 co dong IC khoang 400 mA
Chon dong ien qua Led la 8 mA
Ta co:
R502 =
5V 1.2V
= 475
8mA
Vay chon R502 = 470

Dong qua Relay la:
IRelay =
VCC VCE
5V 0.3V
=
= 32 mA
R
150
Do o tong dong qua cc C transistor:

IC = 32 + 8 = 40 mA
Chon he so khuech ai cua Transistor la = 100
Vay dong qua cc B cua Transistor la : IB =
Tnh R501 = ?
Ta co :
R501 =
VCC VBE
5 0 .7
=
= 10,75 K
IB
0 .4
Vay chon R501 = 10 K

IC
40mA
=
= 0.4mA
100
Trang 67
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Cac Q501 Q516 co dong IC khoang 40mA.
R501 = 10 K, R502 = 470
4.2.8. Mach phat thong bao
Mach phat thong bao ay s dung ho IC chuyen dung ISD1420.

a. S o nguyen ly mach phat ket noi trong he thong
VCC
VCC
N601
R608 100k
23
R606 100k
27
PLAY L
REC
C607 0.001u
R607 100k
24
R609 1k
25
EOM\
AD0
AD1
AD2
AD3
AD4
AD5
AD6
AD7
PLAY E\
1
2
3
4
5
6
9
10
26
VCCD
VCCA
VSSD
VSSA
SP+
SP-
PLAY E
ANAIN
28
16
12
13
C602
0.1u
14
15
SP+
SP-
20
RECLED
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
SPEAKER
ANAOUT
MICREF
MIC
AGC
21
SP+
18
16R
R601
17
19
10
SP-
XCLK
ISD1420
Hnh 4 - 10 : Mach phat thong bao dung ISD1420.

Mach phat va thu thong bao c thiet ke cac gia tr linh kien s dung
theo s hng dan cua nha san xuat. Tuy nhien trong he thong ieu khien nay
viec at a ch va thu cac cau thong bao c thc hien tren c s s dung
mach ri ben ngoai.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 68
b. Mach thu va phat thong bao :
Hnh 4 - 11 : Mach thu va phat th ISD1420.

Mach thu va phat th ISD1420 s dung cac tr so theo ngi san xuat.
a ch va che o thu phat thong bao
Viec tm a ch va thc hien che o thu phat thong bao c thc hien
tren mach ien hnh tren.
Cac nut nhan S1, S2, S3 bnh thng trang thai h th cac chan 23, 24,
27 cua IC ISD1420 luon mc logic cao( mc 1). Khi nhan cac nut nhan nay
th cac chan nay chuyen xuong trang thai mc thap( noi tat xuong Mass).
Thu li nhan
e thc hien viec thu mot li thong bao th ta can thc hien cac cong
viec sau:
at a ch cho cau thong bao.
at mc logic cua chan 23( PLAYL ) trang thai h ( mc 1).
at mc logic cua chan 24( PLAYE ) trang thai h ( mc 1).
at mc logic cua chan 27( REC ) trang thai ong ( mc 0).
Khi o ta co the bat au thu cau thong bao vao Mic va thi gian thc hien
thu cau thong bao khong qua 20s. Trong qua trnh thc hien thu thong bao th
do chan 25 noi xuong Mass nen Led D601 sang.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 69
Khi ta thc hien thu mot cau thong bao ong thi nha nut S3 th mot xung
tn hieu EOM (End Of Message Output ) t ong chen vao cuoi cua moi mot
cau thong bao.
Qua trnh phat li nhan
oi vi IC chuyen dung ISD1420 th qua trnh phat cau thong bao c
thc hien bang 2 cach sau ay:
Cach phat th nhat (Cach kch canh): Khi thc hien phat thong bao
bang cach nay th ngi thc hien can thc hien cac thao tac sau:
Nut nhan S1 ( PLAYL ) mc 1( trang thai h).
Nut nhan S3 ( RECORD ) mc 1( trang thai h).
Nut nhan S1 ( PLAYE ) mc 0( trang thai ong).
Luc nay cau thong bao se c phat cho ti khi gap tn hieu xung EOM
(End Of Message Output ) th Led D601 sang th mot cau thong bao a c
phat.
Cach phat th hai (Cach kch mc) : Khi thc hien phat thong bao
bang cach nay th ngi thc hien can thc hien cac thao tac sau:
Nut nhan S1 ( PLAYL ) mc 0( trang thai ong).
Nut nhan S3 ( RECORD ) mc 1( trang thai h).
Nut nhan S1 ( PLAYE ) mc 1( trang thai h).
Luc nay cau thong bao se c phat cho ti khi gap tn hieu xung EOM
(End Of Message Output ) th Led D601 sang th mot cau thong bao a c
phat. Trong trng hp phat nay th trong qua trnh phat ta phai nhan luon nut
nhan S1.
Do he thong c thiet ke can nhieu cau thong bao, v vay do o moi cau
thong bao ta phai ghep nhieu a ch vi nhau e thanh cau hoan chnh.
c. a ch va cach xac nh a ch s dung trong he thong
Do vung a ch cua IC ISD1420 t a ch 00h en 9Fh, va thi gian thu
toi a la 20ms. Do o, ta khong the thu het tat ca cac cau thong bao. V vay,
ta can xac nh a ch cua cac t sau o ghep cac a ch thanh cau v trong
cac cau thong bao co nhieu t trung lap nhau.
Trong he thong nay, nhom nghien cu s dung cac cau thong bao chu yeu
nh sau:
Trang 70
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Thong bao so 1 : Thiet b so 1 ang m.

Thong bao so 17 : Thiet b so 1 ang tat.
Thong bao so 18 : Thiet b so 2 ang tat .
Thong bao so 32 : Thiet b so 16 ang tat.

Thong bao so 33 : Mat ma sai. Mi nhap mat ma lai.
Thong bao so 34 :ay la he thong ieu khien. Mi nhap ma ieu

khien.
Thong bao so 35 : Mi ban ieu khien thiet b.
Thong bao so 36 : Mi nhap mat ma mi.
Thong bao so 37 : Mat ma ung. Mi nhap ma ieu khien.
Do cac cau thong bao co s trung lap ve cac t ng, v vay trong he thong
nay cac t c lu trong ISD1420 vi cac a ch trong bang sau ay:
Bang 4 - 2 : Bang a ch lu trong ISD cua he thong
STT
A
T phat thong bao

Mot
a ch
00h
Hai
06h
Ba
0Ch
Bon
11h
Nam
17h
Sau
1Bh
Bay
21h
Tam
25h
Chn
2Bh
10
Mi
30h
11
Thiet b
35h
Trang 71
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
12
ang tat
3Ah
13
ang m
3Fh
14
So
44h
15
ieu khien
49h
16
He thong
4Eh
17
Mat ma
54h
18
Thay oi
5Ah
19
Mi nhap
60h
20
ay la
66h
21
Sai
6Ch
22
Mi
70h
23
Lai
75h
24
79h
25
Khong
7Dh
26
Hien tai
82h
27
Ma
87h
28
ung
8Dh
29
Lam
92h
30
Xem
97h
d. Nguyen tac hoat ong

Mach phat thong bao s dung IC ng dung ISD1420 co chc nang phat
thong bao trang thai thiet b ang hoat ong nh the nao.
Khi tn hieu xuat t vi ieu khien cua khoi x ly trung tam a en khoi
ieu khien thiet b. Sau khi thiet b hoat ong, e ngi ieu khien biet c
trang thai tng thiet b trong he thong th khoi phat thong bao xuat d lieu a
len ng truyen di dang am thanh bao cho ngi ieu khien biet trang thai
tng thiet b cua he thong.
Cac thong so thiet ke cua mach do nha san xuat qui nh.
Trang 72
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
4.2.9. Khoi ieu khien quet phm
a. S o nguyen ly
VCC
COL0
COL1
COL2
COL3
R301
10k
KEY _INT\
SW0
D300
1N4148
SW1
SW2
SW3
ROW0
D301
SW4
1N4148
SW5
SW6
SW7
ROW1
D302
SW8
1N4148
SW9
SW10
SW11
ROW2
D303
SW12
1N4148
SW13
SW14
SW15
ROW3
Hnh 4 - 12 : Mach quet phm.

Khoi quet phm c s dung e ieu khien thiet b tai cho khi co ngi
ieu khien. S o ket noi vi he thong ieu khien nh tren, cac hang va cot
c ieu khien bi port 1 cua vi ieu khien 89C51. Viec tiet ke v tr va cac
ma cua phm ieu khien cung giong nh trong ban phm cua ien thoai e de
dang ieu khien thiet b. Qua trnh ieu khien thiet b cung tng t nh ieu
khien bang ban phm cua ien thoai. Muon ieu khien mot thiet b th ngi
ieu khien cung nhan 3 phm ieu khien.
V du: Muon ieu khien m thiet b so 1 th ngi ieu khien ch can nhan
phm 011
4.2.10.
Bo nh ngoai
a. S o nguyen ly
VCC
U10
8
7
3
2
1
4
Vcc
WP
A2
A1
A0
GND
SCL
SDA
6
5
SCL
SDA
AT24C0x
Hnh 4 - 13 : Bo nh ngoai dung EEPROM 24C08

Trang 73
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Bo nh ngoai he thong s dung IC nh EEPROM 24C08. Bo nh nay co

chc nang lu tr cac thong tin t Vi ieu khien thong qua hai ng SLC va
SDA. Trong he thong th bo nh ngoai c ng dung e lu cac mat khau
cua he thong.
4.2.11.
Khoi x ly trung tam CPU
a. S o nguyen ly
1
VCC
VCC
RN301
10k
RN300
10k
19
12MHz
18
9
31
RST
10u
AT89C51
P3.0/RXD
P3.1/TXD
P3.2/INTO
P3.3/INT1
P3.4/TO
P3.5/T1
P3.6/WR
P3.7/RD
P0.0/AD0
P0.1/AD1
P0.2/AD2
P0.3/AD3
P0.4/AD4
P0.5/AD5
P0.6/AD6
P0.7/AD7
ALE/PROG
P2.7/A15
P2.6/A14
P2.5/A13
P2.4/A12
P2.3/A11
P2.2/A10
P2.1/A9
P2.0/A8
XTAL1
PSEN
AD0
AD1
AD2
AD3
AD4
AD5
AD6
AD7
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
30
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
29
LE0
OE1\
LE2
OE3\
OE0-2\
RS0
IR_EOM\
PLAY E\
XTAL2
RST
EA/VPP
20
R302
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
GND
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
LINE_CONTROL
SCL
KEY _INT\
MT_IQR\
RING_DETECT
SDA
WR\
RD\
VCC
N301
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
COL0
COL1
COL2
COL3
ROW0
ROW1
ROW2
ROW3
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
5
4
3
2
40
VCC
C300
10k
RST
1
VCC
Hnh 4 - 14 : Mach x ly trung tam.

Khoi ket noi x ly trung tam trong he thong nay s dung IC AT89C51,
khoi x ly trung tam co nhiem vu la nhan biet tn hieu thu c t cac khoi
a ve. Sau o x ly cac tn hieu o va xuat ra cac tn hieu ieu khien thch
hp e ieu khien he thong theo chng trnh lap san.
Khi mach hoat ong, bo x ly kiem soat he thong bang cach quet t a
ch au en a ch cuoi trong vung nh 64Kbyte (v AT89C51 co 16 ng
a ch A0 A15). Chc nang ket noi cua he thong x ly trung tam nh sau:
Port 0 :
P0.0 P0.3 : ieu khien d lieu dang nh phan 4 bit cua MT8888.
P0.0 P0.7 : Ket noi ieu khien thiet b.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 74
Port 1 :
P1.0 P1.3 : ieu khien cot cua bo ieu khien phm.
P1.4 P1.7 : ieu khien hang cua bo ieu khien phm.
Port 2 :
P2.0 : Ket noi vi chan PLAYE\ cua ISD1420.
P2.1 : Ket noi vi chan OEM\ cua ISD1420.
P2.2 : Ket noi vi chan RSO cua MT8888.
P2.3 P2.7 : Ket noi vi cac chan e ieu khien IC chot 74HC573.
Port 3 :
P3.0 : ieu khien bo ong ngat Relay.
P3.1 : ieu khien chan SCL cua bo nh ngoai.
P3.2 : Nhan tn hieu ngat phm IQR\ KEY.
P3.3 : Nhan tn hieu t chan IRQ\CP cua IC MT8888.
P3.4 : Nhan tn hieu chuong.
P3.5 : ieu khien chan SDA cua bo nh ngoai va ieu khien IR mat
nhan hong ngoai.
P3.6 : ieu khien chan WR\ cua MT8888.
P3.7 : ieu khien chan RD\ cua MT8888.
4.3. S o nguyen ly cua he thong
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
CHNG 5.
75
THIET KE PHAN MEM.
5.1. Chng trnh chnh

Begin
N
OnHook=0
PWE=0
Ring=0
T=30s
IR=0
Y
OnHook=0
em tn hieu
chuong.
Y
N
HaveCmd=1
F0=1
Y
HaveCmd=0
ieu khien OffHook.

OnHook=0.
T=T-1
T.bao OffHook.
Nhan ma ieu
khien t Remote
N
F0=1
X ly ma ieu
khien.
T=0
Y
ieu khien OnHook.

OnHook=1.
Chng trnh phuc vu cho viec ieu khien trang thai On Hook va Off Hook.
trang thai On Hook, ta co the ieu khien he thong thong qua ban phm hoac thong
qua remote; trang thai Off hook, ta co the ieu khien he thong thong qua ng
line ien thoai, t ban phm ien thoai hoac thong qua giao dien ieu khien tren
may tnh.
Cac c trang thai c khai bao va s dung trong chng trnh:
- OnHook: c nay cho biet trang thai ket noi hien tai cua. OnHook=[1], he thong
cha ket noi ra ng line ien thoai; OnHook=[0], he thong a ket noi ra ng
line ien thoai.
- PWE (Password Entered) : c nay cho biet trang thai hien tai ngi ieu khien
a nhap ung mat ma xam nhap vao he thong hay cha. PWE=[1] cho biet rang mat
Chng 5. Thiet ke phan mem.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
76
ma a c ngi ieu khien nhap ung; PWE=[0] cho biet rang ngi ieu khien
cha nhap ung mat ma xam nhap he thong. (xem chng trnh x ly ngat MT8888).
- F0 : c nay cho biet ket qua lam viec cua mot chng trnh con c goi trc
o. Tuy chng trnh nao c goi ma c F0 co y ngha khac nhau.
- HaveCmd (Have Command): c nay cho biet he thong co nhan c ma ieu
khien qua ng truyen ien thoai hay khong (ieu khien qua ban phm ien thoai
hoac ieu khien qua giao dien tren may tnh).
- Ring: C nay cho biet rang co nhan c tn hieu chuong hay khong.
- IR: C nay cho biet rang co nhan c tn hieu t mat thu hong ngoai hay
khong.
5.2. Chng trnh khi tao cac thong so ban au

Begin
-ieu khien On Hook
-OnHook=1
-Khi tao cac ng ieu khien IC chot.
Khi tao MT8888
oc PW t AT24C08
-Cho phep ngat phm (INT0).

-Cho phep ngat MT8888 (INT1).
-Cho phep ngat toan cuc.
End
Chng trnh nay c goi moi khi he thong bat au khi ong e khi tao
cac thong so can thiet cho he thong, cung nh cac thong so la chon che o
lam viec cho cac IC lien quan.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
77
5.3. Chng trnh phuc vu ngat phm

Begin
Khong cho phep ngat toan cuc.
Nhan ma ieu khien t ban

phm.
N
F0=1
Y
Code=ma oi PW
oi mat ma.
Code=ma OnHook
ieu khien OnHook.

OnHook=1.
OnHook=0
X ly ma ieu khien.
Cho phep ngat toan cuc.
End
Chng trnh nay c goi thc hien moi khi xay ra ngat t ban phm. Code la
cac ma nhan c sau khi goi chng trnh con Nhan ma ieu khien t ban phm.
Ma oi PW, ma OnHook la cac hang c s dung e so sanh vi ma nhan c
e thc hien cac chc nang tng ng.
Vi chng trnh phuc vu ngat nay, khi he thong ang trang thai OffHook, ngo
vao ban phm co the ieu khien cho he thong vao trang thai OnHook, nhng khong
the ieu khien trang thai cua thiet b c do c OnHook c kiem tra trc khi goi
chng trnh con x ly ma ieu khien.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
78
5.4. Chng trnh phuc vu ngat t MT8888

Begin
PWE=1
Nhan 6 ma DTMF
Nhan ma ieu khien t ien

thoai.
F0=1
PWE=1
N
F0=1
Y
Code=ma OnHook
ieu khien OnHook.

OnHook=1.
X ly ma ieu khien.
HaveCmd=1
End
Chng trnh nay c goi khi xay ra ngat t MT8888. Chng trnh nhieu cong
viec (nhan mat khau, nhan ma ieu khien t ban phm ien thoai) bang cach kiem
soat c PWE.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
5.5. Chng trnh kiem tra trang thai ban phm

Input (Thong tin au vao)
Output (Thong tin au ra):
- Neu co phm ang nhan, c C=[1] va ma phm cha trong thanh ghi A.
- Neu khong co phm nao ang nhan, c C=[0].
Begin
Xac nh ma cot
Count =4
Kiem tra hang
Co Phm
nhan
N
Tang cot.
Count = count +1
Xac nh hang
Xac nh gia tr phm
Lu gia tr phm vao A.
Set c C.
N
Count =0
Y
End
79
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
5.6. Chng trnh em tn hieu chuong

Input
Output :
- C F0=[1] neu nhan c 5 chu ky tn hieu chuong.
- C F0=[0] neu khong nhan chu ky tn hieu chuong nao sau 8 giay ch.
Begin
Count = 5
F0=0
Time = 8s
Ring = 0
Time =Time - 1
Y
Ring = 1
Y
Count = Count + 1
Time = 0
Count =0
Y
F0 = 1
End
80
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
5.7. Lu o chng trnh thay oi Password

Begin.
T.bao nhap PW hien tai.
Nhan 6 phm t ban phm.
F0=1
Kiem tra PW hien ta.

F0=1
T.bao sai PW hien tai.
Thong bao nhap PW mi.

F0=1
Sao chep tng ng cac o nh Temp0Temp5 sang cac o nh Temp6-Temp11

Thong bao nhap lai PW mi.
F0=1
Kiem tra PW mi.

F0=1
Sao chep tng ng cac o nh Temp0Temp5 sang cac o nh PW0-PW5.

Ghi PW mi vao AT24C08.
Thong bao PW a thay oi.
End.
T.bao sai PW mi.
81
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
82
Input :
- Mat ma hien tai cha trong cac o nh PW0 en PW5.
Output :
- Neu nhap ung mat ma hien tai va mat ma mi, mat ma mi c chap
nhan va cap nhat vao bo nh EEPROM AT24C08.
- Neu nhap khong ung mat ma hien tai hoac nhap mat ma mi khong hp
le th mat ma mi khong c chap nhan, mat ma khong thay oi.
5.8. So sanh mat ma hien tai
Input :
- Mat ma hien tai trong cac o nh PW0 en PW5.
- Mat ma muon so sanh cha trong cac o nh Temp0 en Temp5.
Output :
- C F0=[1] neu 2 mat ma giong nhau.
- C F0=[0] neu 2 mat ma khong giong nhau.
Begin
F0=0
PW0=Temp0
Y
PW1=Temp1
Y
PW2=Temp2
Y
PW3=Temp3
Y
PW4=Temp4
Y
PW5=Temp5
Y
F0=1
End.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
83
5.9. So sanh mat ma mi

Input :
- Mat ma th nhat cha trong cac o nh Temp0 en Temp5.
- Mat ma th hai cha trong cac o nh Temp6 en Temp11.
Output :
- C F0=[1] neu 2 mat ma giong nhau.
- C F0=[0] neu 2 mat ma khong giong nhau.
Begin
F0=0.
Temp6=Temp0
Temp7=Temp1
Temp8=Temp2
Temp9=Temp3
Temp10=Temp4
Y
Temp11=Temp5
F0=1
End.
5.10. Nhap 6 phm t ban phm

Input
Output:
- C F0=[1]: hoan tat viec nhan 6 phm, ma 6 phm nhan c lu tr trong
cac o nh Temp0 en Temp5.
-C F0=[0]:khong hoan tat,do nhan phm *hoac qua thi gian quy nh (5s).
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
Begin
F0=0
Count=6
Ram= a ch au cua vung
Ram lu tr ma phm.
Time=5s
Kiem tra phm nhan.
C C=1
Time=Time -1
T=A (lu tam).
Time=0
Y
Kiem tra phm nhan.
C C=0
T=ma phm *
N
Lu T vao Ram.
Tang v tr lu tr trong Ram.
Count=Count-1.
Count=0
Giai ma 6 phm nhan c.

Lu tr ma sau giai ma vao
cac o nh t Temp0 -->Temp5.
F0=1
End
84
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
5.11. Nhap ma ieu khien t ban phm

Begin
F0=0
Count=3
Ram lu tr ma phm.
Time=5s
Kiem tra phm nhan.
C C=1
Time=Time-1
T=A (lu tam).
Time=0
Y
Kiem tra phm nhan.
C C=0
T= ma phm
N
Lu T vao Ram.
Count=Count-1.
N
Count=0
Y

Lu tr 3 ma sau giai ma vao 2
o nh: IndexEQ va Event.
F0=1
End
85
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
86
Input
Output:
- C F0=[1] neu nhan thanh cong ma ieu khien, 3 so cua ma ieu khien lu
vao 2 o nh IndexEQ va Event. IndexEQ cha 2 so ch ch so thiet b, Event
cha ma cua ch th (ma m thiet b, tat thiet b, xem trang thai).
- C F0=[0] neu viec nhan ma khong thanh cong, do nhan phm * hoac qua
thi gian quy nh.
5.12. Khi tao MT8888
Begin
oc thanh ghi trang thai MT8888.
Ghi gia tr 00h vao thanh ghi CRA
Ghi gia tr 08h vao thanh ghi CRA
Ghi gia tr 00h vao thanh ghi CRB
oc thanh ghi trang thai MT8888.
Ghi gia tr 0Dh vao thanh ghi CRA
(Select CRB, IQR\, DTMF, Tone
O )
Ghi gia tr 00h vao thanh ghi CRB
(Dual Tone, Burst Mode)
End
Input
Output:
- Cac thong so thch hp c ghi vao cac thanh ghi ieu khien cua MT8888
e thiet at che o hoat ong cho MT8888.
5.13. Nhap ma ieu khien t ien thoai
Input
Output:
thi gian quy nh.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
Begin
F0=0
Count=3
Ram lu tr ma phm.
Time=5s
oc thanh ghi trang
thai cua MT8888 vao A
Bt A.2=1
Time=0
oc thanh ghi d lieu

nhan cua MT8888
vao A
A=ma phm *
N
Lu A vao Ram.
Count=Count -1
N
Count=0
Y
Lu tr 3 ma nhan c vao 2
o nh: IndexEQ va Event.
F0=1
End
Time=Time-1
Y
Y
87
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
88
5.14. Nhap 6 ma DTMF

Begin
F0=0
Count=6
Ram lu tr ma phm.
Time=5s
oc thanh ghi trang
thai cua MT8888 vao A
Bt A.2=1
Time=0
oc thanh ghi d lieu

nhan cua MT8888
vao A
A=ma phm *
Time=Time-1
N
Lu A vao Ram.
Count=Count -1
Count=0
Lu tr 6 ma nhan c vao 6
o nh: Temp0 -->Temp5
F0=1
End
Input
Output:
-C F0=[1]: hoan tat viec nhan 6 phm, ma 6 phm nhan c lu tr trong
cac o nh Temp0 en Temp5.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
-C F0=[0]:khong hoan tat, do nhan phm *hoac qua thi gian quy nh
(5s).
5.15.
Ghi 1 byte d lieu vao AT24C08

Begin
Tao ieu kien Start.
Nap Slave Address vao A vi

ch th Write (R/W=0).
Ghi Byte cha trong A
vao AT24C08.
C=0
Nap Word Address vao A

vao AT24C08.
C=0
Nap Byte Data vao A

vao AT24C08.
C=0
Tao ieu kien Stop.

End
5.16. Ghi 6 so cua mat ma vao AT24C08

Input :
- 6 so cua mat ma nam trong vung Ram co a ch c khai bao t PW0
en PW5.
Output
89
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
Begin
Tao ieu kien Start.
Count=6
Nap Slave Address vao A vi
ch th Write (R/W=0).

vao AT24C08.
C=0

vao AT24C08.
C=0
Nap so th nhat vao A

vao AT24C08.
C=0
Count=Count-1
Count=0
Nap so ke tiep vao A
Tao ieu kien Stop.

End
90
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
5.17. oc 6 so cua mat ma t AT24C08

Begin
Tao ieu kien Start.
Count=6
Nap Slave Address vao A vi ch th Write
(R/W=0).
Ghi Byte cha trong A vao
C=0

Ghi Byte cha trong A vao AT24C08.
C=0
Y
Nap Slave Address vao A vi ch th Read
(R/W=1).
Ghi Byte cha trong A vao AT24C08.
C=0
Y
oc 1 Byte t AT24C08 vao A
Lu tr A vao vung nh (PW0-PW5)
Count=Count-1
Count=0
N
Tao ieu kien Acknowlege.
Y
Tao ieu kien
No Acknowlege.
Tao ieu kien Stop.
End
91
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
Input
Output :
- 6 so mat ma nam trong vung Ram co a ch c khai bao t PW0 en
PW5.
5.18. Phat mot cau thong bao
Begin
oc a ch cua oan thong bao tai a
ch cha trong DPTR vao A
Y
A=0FFh
N
Ghi a ch ra cac ng a ch cua ISD

Tao xung kch cho ISD phat oan thong
bao.
EOM=1
N
EOM=0
N
Tang gia tr con tro DPTR
End
Input :
- a ch cua o nh cha a ch cua oan thong bao au tien cha trong
con tro DPTR.
Output
5.19. Nhan ma ieu khien t Remote
Input
Output :
92
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
93
thi gian quy nh.
Begin
F0=0
Count=3
Ram lu tr ma phm.
Time=5s
IR=0
Time=Time-1
Nhan 1 ma t Remote,
lu vao A
A= ma phm *
N
Lu A vao Ram.
Count=Count-1.
Count=0
Y
Lu tr 3 ma sau giai ma vao
2 o nh: IndexEQ va Event.
F0=1
End
Time=0
Y
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
94
5.20. Phat tn hieu DTMF cua mot day so

Begin
oc gia tr cua o nh co a ch cha
trong o nh R0 vao A.
Ghi d lieu cha trong A vao thanh ghi
phat cua MT8888.
oc g.tr cua thanh ghi trang thai cua
MT8888 vao A.
N
A.1=1
Y
R0=R0+1
R2=R2-1
R2=0
Y
End
Input :
-a ch au tien cua vung Ram lu tr cac so can phat c cha trong o nh
R0
-So lng so muon phat cha trong R2.
Output
5.21. X ly ma ieu khien
Input :
- Ch so thiet b cha trong o nh IndexEQ, Ch th cha trong o nh Event :
IndexEQ=01h
:Thiet b so 1.
IndexEQ=02h
:Thiet b so 2.
....
IndexEQ=09h
:Thiet b so 9.
IndexEQ=10h
:Thiet b so 10.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang
IndexEQ=11h
:Thiet b so 11.
....
IndexEQ=16h
:Thiet b so 16.
Event=01h :M thiet b.
Event=02h :Tat thiet b.
Event=03h :Kiem tra trang thai thiet b.
Output
Begin
IndexEQ=01h
X l trang thai thiet b 01
N
IndexEQ=02h
N
IndexEQ=xyh
IndexEQ=15h
X l trang thai thiet b xy
N
IndexEQ=16h
N
T.bao ma ieu khien sai.
End.
95
Trang 96
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
CHNG 6.
GIAO TIEP VI MAY TNH
Giao tiep gia may tnh vi cac thiet b ngoai vi la viec trao oi d lieu
gia may tnh vi mot hay nhieu thiet b ngoai vi ( vi moi trng ngoai). e
co the thc hien cong viec nay bang may tnh trc het can thiet phai co moi
quan he gia may tnh vi the gii ben ngoai thong qua cac cong giao tiep .
Trong lnh vc ky thuat, viec giao tiep gia may tnh va thiet b ngoai vi co
the giao tiep bang 3 phng thc sau:
Giao tiep bang Slot-Card.
Giao tiep qua cong song song (cong may in)
Giao tiep qua cong noi tiep (cong COM)
Tuy co nhieu phng phap giao tiep vi thiet b ngoai vi c trnh bay
tren, nhng nhom thc hien e tai chon phng phap giao tiep song song qua
cong may in LPT1, v phng phap nay n gian, de thiet ke phan cng, toc
o truyen nhanh, thch hp truyen d lieu trong khoang cach gan
6.1. Gii thieu ve cong may in
6.1.1. Vai net c ban ve cong ghep noi may in
Cong may in hay thng goi la giao dien Centronics, viec noi vi cong
may in, may tnh c thc hien thong qua o cam 25 chan pha sau may
tnh. Nhng ay khong ch la cho noi vi may in ma khi s dung vao muc ch
o lng va ieu khien th viec ghep noi cung co the thc hien qua o cam
nay. Qua cong nay d lieu c truyen i song song, do vay toc o truyen d
lieu cung at en mc ang ke. Tat ca cac ng dan cua cong may in eu
tng thch vi TTL. Chnh s tng thch nay giup cho viec giao tiep tr nen
n gian va de dang hn. Ngha la chung eu cung cap mc ien ap nam gia
0V en 5V.
Do o ta can lu y la cac ng dan vao cong nay khong c at mc
ien ap qua ln. V vay khi ta tien hanh ghep noi chung vi nhau ta phai chu
y ti nhng qui tac an toan sau:
Ch c ghep noi khi may tnh ang trang thai ngat ien.
Cac loi vao ch c phep tiep nhan ien ap gia 0V va 5 V.
Cac loi ra khong c phep ngan mach hoac au noi vi cac ngo ra
khac va cac loi ra khong c phep noi vi cac nguon tn hieu ien ap
khong biet ro thong so.
Cong may in trong may tnh c ky hieu bang LPT1 hoac LPT2, co
tong cong 17 ng dan d lieu so: bao gom co 12 ng dan ra va 5
Chng 6. Giao tiep vi may tnh.
Trang 97
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
ng dan vao. Cac ng dan d lieu t D0 D7 la nhng ng dan

mot chieu, va la ng dan ra. Cac ng tn hieu vao, ra co chot.
S o chan cua cong may in c mo ta nh sau:
Hnh 6 - 1 : S o chan cong may in( Jack c)
Hnh 6 - 2 :S o chan cong may in( Jack cai)

Cac chan va ng dan c mo ta nh sau:
Bang 6 - 1 : Bang chc nang cac chan cong may in
Chan
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Ky hieu
STROBE
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
ACK
BUSY
PE
SLCT
AF
ERROR
INIT
SLCTIN
GND
Vao/ra
Loi ra
Loi ra
Loi ra
Loi ra
Loi ra
Loi ra
Loi ra
Loi ra
Loi ra
Loi vao
Loi vao
Loi vao
Loi vao
Loi ra
Loi vao
Loi ra
Loi ra
Y ngha
D lieu a c gi ra
ng d lieu, bit th 01
Xac nhan
May in ban
Het giay
La chon
T nap
Loi
at lai may in
Chon kieu in
Noi at
Mc tac ong
Thap
Ba trang thai
Ba trang thai
Ba trang thai
Ba trang thai
Ba trang thai
Ba trang thai
Ba trang thai
Ba trang thai
Thap
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Thap
Cao
Trang 98
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
GND
Noi at
Noi at
Noi at
Noi at
Noi at
Noi at
Noi at
Do cong may in co 5 ng dan loi vao, nh vay ma viec bat tay gia
may tnh va cac thiet b ngoai vi c thc hien.
Trong 17 ng dan tn hieu th co 5 vao, v vay viec bat tay gia may
tnh va may in c thc hien, chang han nh khi may in khong con u cho
trong trong bo nh th no a en may tnh mot trang thai (BUSY =1) tc la
bao may in ang ban khong nen gi d lieu ra na.
6.1.2. S trao oi vi cac ng dan tn hieu
Cac ng dan tn hieu cua cong may in c sap xep thanh 3 thanh ghi:
Thanh ghi d lieu, thanh ghi trang thai va thanh ghi ieu khien. Thong qua 3
thanh ghi nay cho phep trao oi thong tin gia moi trng ngoai va bo nh
may tnh.
Muon truy xuat d lieu qua cong may in th ta phai biet c a ch c
ban cua cac thanh ghi d lieu goi la a ch c ban cua cong may in.
Cong may in LPT1 co a ch c ban la 378Hex va cong LPT2 co a ch
c ban la 278Hex.
a ch thanh ghi d lieu vi a ch c ban cua cong may in 378h.
a ch thanh ghi trang thai la 379h.
a ch thanh ghi ieu khien la 37Ah.
a. Thanh ghi d lieu: gom co 8 bit d lieu, co a ch la 378h.
Thanh ghi d lieu (Data register, a ch = a ch c ban )
Hnh 6 - 3 : Thanh ghi d lieu

O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 99
b. Thanh ghi trang thai: co a ch la 379h.

Thanh ghi trang thai(status register, a ch = a ch c ban +1)
Hnh 6 - 4 :Thanh ghi trang thai

c. Thanh ghi ieu khien : co a ch la 37AH
Thanh ghi ieu khien(control register, a ch = a ch c ban + 2)
Hnh 6 - 5 : Thanh ghi ieu khien

Nhn vao bang cong dung cac chan cua cong LPT1 va 3 thanh ghi cua
may tnh, ta thay co the s dung thanh ghi data la thanh ghi phat, co nhiem vu
truyen d lieu ra ngoai, va thanh ghi ieu khien se gi tn hieu ieu khien cho
Kit, con thanh ghi trang thai se nhan tn hieu bao trang thai hien tai cua thiet
b ve may tnh.
6.1.3. Phng thc truyen cua cong may in
Thong tin truyen trong may vi tnh di dang nh phan, c the hien qua
hai ch so 0 va 1. Tat ca moi ngon ng, lap trnh va ieu khien, eu c
chuyen ve ngon ng may di dang so nh phan. Ngi ta goi viec truyen d
lieu nay la truyen d lieu di dang so (Digital), viec truyen nay khac han vi
viec truyen d lieu di dang tng t (Analog) nh tn hieu am thanh, hnh
anh.
Truyen d lieu kieu digital, co bon (04) dang truyen:
Truyen song song ong bo.
Truyen song song bat ong bo.
Truyen noi tiep ong bo.
Truyen noi tiep bat ong bo.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 100
Thc hien giao tiep qua cong may in la hnh thc truyen d lieu di dang
song song bat ong bo. Viec truyen so lieu theo dang song song bat ong bo
nay cho phep truyen 08 bit cung mot lan truyen, toc o truyen tuy thuoc vao
ham truyen. Khuyet iem chnh cua hnh thc truyen nay la khoang cach
truyen ngan, muon truyen xa phai co bo phan em d lieu.
V la hnh thc truyen bat ong bo nen khong oi hoi phai ong bo t ni
phat en ni thu, tc la xung clock (ck) ni phat va ni thu khong nhat thiet
phai ong bo vi nhau. ay la u iem cua hnh thc truyen bat ong bo, tuy
nhien ben canh ay van ton tai nhng kho khan khac, o la tn hieu bat tay
gia ni truyen va ni thu. Cong may in giai quyet van e nh cac tn hieu:
/STROBE, /ACK, /BUSY.
Qua trnh thc hien phng thc truyen t may tnh qua cong may in thc
hien nh sau:
Hoat ong cua phan phat
oc Busy cho en khi Busy\ = 1.
Gi d lieu ra bus d lieu
Cho Strobe = 0.
Chuon b d lieu tiep theo
Quay ve bc 1
Hoat ong cua phan thu
oc Strobe cho en khi Strobe = 1.
Busy = 0 , ACK = 0.
oc d lieu vao .
a ACK = 1 .
X ly d lieu .
Cho Busy = 1 e phat ky t tiep theo
Quay ve bc 1.
Co the bieu dien cac bc thc hien cua dang giao tiep song song bat
ong bo qua cong may in nh sau:
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 101
Hnh 6 - 6 : Gian o thi gian

Tuy nhien, ay cac ng tn hieu d lieu la dang tn hieu mot chieu
nen trong viec giao tiep vi cac hnh thc trao oi tn hieu hai (02) chieu hay
tn hieu ln hn pham vi mot byte th cong may in khong thch hp. Tao ra
mot cong vao ra co pham vi trao oi ln hn va a dung hn cong may in la
nhiem vu at ra cho ngi thc hien.
6.2. Thiet ke he thong giao tiep may tnh
6.2.1. Yeu cau at ra cho he thong
Mat ma cua he thong : Cung gom 5 so.
Tren giao dien thiet ke cua he thong co hien th trc quan trang thai tat
m cua cac thiet b.
Giao dien c thiet ke can phai co ay u cac thong so e nhap So ien
thoai, mat ma, cac nut ieu khien he thong
6.2.2. Phng thc hoat ong
e ieu khien he thong thiet b th may tnh phai c ket noi vi Line
ien thoai cua mot thue bao. Khi ngi ieu khien nhap so ien thoai tren
giao dien may tnh tc la ngi ieu khien ang quay so ti thue bao cua he
thong. Thue bao c goi co mach ieu khien mac song song vi day ien
thoai (thiet b muon ieu khien c mac vao mach ieu khien). Sau mot thi
gian o chuong nhat nh (he thong t kiem tra, em hoi chuong ). Neu
khong co ai nhac may th mach ieu khien CPU se t ong ieu khien ong
mach tai gia ket noi he thong ra ng day. Sau o, mot tn hieu hoi ve bao
cho ngi ieu khien biet la may tnh va he thong c ket noi thong thoai.
Luc nay tren giao dien may tnh xuat hien thong bao yeu cau ngi ieu
khien nhap mat ma cua he thong.
Ngi ieu khien se nhan ma Password e xam nhap vao he thong ieu
khien.
Neu ngi ieu khien nhap sai Password th tren giao dien may tnh xuat
hien thong bao mi yeu cau ngi ieu khien nhap lai mat ma ieu khien.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 102
Khi ngi ieu khien nhap ung mat ma th tren giao dien xuat hien
thong bao, bao cho ngi ieu khien co the ieu khien he thong thiet b. Luc
nay, he thong ieu khien san sang nhan lenh.
Trc khi ieu khien he thong th ngi ieu khien co the chon ni can
ieu khien. Viec ieu khien thiet b, ngi ieu khien ch can Click chuot vao
thiet b nao th la co the ieu khien thiet b o. Sau o th mot tn hieu hoi ve
tren giao dien bao cho biet la thiet b o a c ong hay tat.
Viec kiem tra trang thai tat ca cac thiet b trc khi ieu khien va sau khi
ieu khien th ngi ieu khien khong can phai ieu khien ma ch can nhn
trc quan tren giao dien may tnh la ngi ieu khien co the biet c trang
thai cua cac thiet b.
Neu sau khi ieu khien xong, ma ngi ieu khien khong Click chuot vao
nut thoat th mach khong con nhan c lenh ieu khien. Sau mot thi gian
nhat nh, mach se t ong ngat mach ket noi thue bao.
6.2.3. S o khoi
Hnh 6 - 7 : S o khoi mach giao tiep may tnh

Chc nang cua cac khoi hoat ong da tren thiet chng 4 ( Thiet ke
phan cng ).
Khoi khuech ai s dung vi mach TL082
Khoi thu phat DTMF s dung vi mach MT8888
Khoi chot d lieu ng dung IC chot 74HC573
Cac thong so thiet ke tnh toan cac khoi tren da tren phan thiet ke
chng 4.
Thiet ke khoi giao tiep cong may in va MT8888
Trang 103
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
S o ket noi
VCC
3
4
5
R402 4.7M
6
IN+
INGS
VREF
DTMF_OUT
8
C401
10n
R403
22k
10
ST/GT
EST
IRQ/CP
20
19
18
13
C400
100n
LINE_CONTROL
R405
10k
R404 374K
VSS
OSC1
3.58M
7
VCC
OSC2
TONE
CS
D3
D2
D1
D0
RS0
RD
WR
SD3
SD2
SD1
SD0
17
16
15
14
11
12
9
RS0
RD\
WR\
N301
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
10
Q8
Q7
Q6
Q5
Q4
Q3
Q2
Q1
OE
D8
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
LE
GND VCC
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
11
20
RS0
WR\
RD\
R300-R303
100 OE
D3
D2
D1
D0
VCC
74HC573
R304-R307 LineStatus
S0
100
S1
S2
S3
LPT_DB25
1
14
16
17
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
15
13
12
10
11
C O N N EC T O R D B25
1
2
R401 100k
N401
MT8888
DTMF_IN
R400
100k
Hnh 6 - 8 : Mach giao tiep MT8888 vi cong may in

Nguyen ly hoat ong
Khi may tnh xuat lenh ieu khien tren giao dien xuong cong may in. Th
tn hieu nay qua IC chot 74HC573. Bo chot nay hoat ong thong qua chan cho
phep OE c ieu khien cho phep xuat d lieu hay khong. D lieu c
truyen t may tnh di dang ma nh phan, c a vao cac ngo D0, D1, D2,
D3 cua MT8888 va c chuyen di dang cap tan so DTMF a len ng
truyen Line ien thoai en he thong ieu khien qua ngo ra Tone (ngo chan so
8).
Ngc lai khi he thong ieu khien thiet b tra tn hieu tren ng Line
ien thoai di dang cap tan so DTMF th qua MT8888 tn hieu nay c giai
ma sang nh phan 4 bit phan hoi lai trang thai cho may tnh qua cong may in.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
6.2.4. S o nguyen ly cua mach giao tiep
Hnh 6 - 9 : S o nguyen ly mach giao tiep may tnh

Trang 104
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 105
6.3. Thiet ke phan mem Vi ieu khien

Cac chng trnh con cua phan mem he thong ieu khien thiet b qua
mang ien thoai c thiet ke trong chng 5 s dung lai. Ngoai tr cac
chng trnh neu sau ay c cai tien hoac them vao e he thong co them
kha nang phuc vu s ieu khien thong qua giao dien ieu khien tren may tnh.
Cac chng trnh c cai tien bao gom:
- Chng trnh chnh.
- Chng trnh phuc vu ngat t MT8888.
Cac chng trnh con c them vao bao gom:
- Chng trnh x ly giao tiep vi may tnh.
- Chng trnh x ly ghi trang thai.
- Chng trnh oc trang thai.
- Chng trnh gi ma nhan biet he thong.
phan nay ch neu lu o cac chng trnh c cai tien, va cac chng
trnh c them vao. Cac chng trnh con lai khac a c gii thieu
chng 5.
Trang 106
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
6.3.1. Chng trnh chnh
Begin
N
OnHook=0
PWE=0
PCCtrl=0
Ring=0
T=30s
em tn hieu
chuong.
F0=1
HaveCmd=1
HaveCmd=0
ieu khien OffHook.

OnHook=0.
T=T-1
T.bao OffHook.
T=0
OnHook=0
IR=0
Nhan ma ieu
khien t Remote
F0=1
Y
X ly ma ieu
khien.
Gi ma nhan
biet he thong.
ieu khien OnHook.

OnHook=1.
Chng trnh phuc vu cho viec ieu khien trang thai On Hook va Off
Hook. trang thai On Hook, ta co the ieu khien he thong thong qua ban
phm hoac thong qua remote; trang thai Off hook, ta co the ieu khien he
thong thong qua ng line ien thoai, t ban phm ien thoai hoac thong qua
giao dien ieu khien tren may tnh.
Cac c trang thai c khai bao va s dung trong chng trnh:
- OnHook: c nay cho biet trang thai ket noi hien tai cua. OnHook=[1], he
thong cha ket noi ra ng line ien thoai; OnHook=[0], he thong a ket noi
ra ng line ien thoai.
- PWE (Password Entered) : c nay cho biet trang thai hien tai ngi ieu
khien a nhap ung mat ma xam nhap vao he thong hay cha. PWE=[1] cho
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 107
biet rang mat ma a c ngi ieu khien nhap ung; PWE=[0] cho biet
rang ngi ieu khien cha nhap ung mat ma xam nhap he thong. (xem
chng trnh x ly ngat MT8888).
- PCCtrl (Personal Computer Controlling): c nay cho biet nguon ieu
khien la t may tnh hay t ban phm ien thoai. PCCtrl=[1], he thong ang
c ieu khien bi ieu khien thong qua giao dien ieu khien tren may
tnh; PCCtrl=[0], he thong ang c ieu khien thong qua ban phm ien
thoai. (xem chng trnh x ly ngat MT8888).
- F0 : c nay cho biet ket qua lam viec cua mot chng trnh con c goi
trc o. Tuy chng trnh nao c goi ma c F0 co y ngha khac nhau.
- HaveCmd (Have Command): c nay cho biet he thong co nhan c ma
ieu khien qua ng truyen ien thoai hay khong (ieu khien qua ban phm
ien thoai hoac ieu khien qua giao dien tren may tnh).
- Ring: C nay cho biet rang co nhan c tn hieu chuong hay khong.
- IR: C nay cho biet rang co nhan c tn hieu t mat thu hong ngoai hay
khong.
Trang 108
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
6.3.2. Chng trnh phuc vu ngat t MT8888
Begin
Y
X ly giao tiep
may tnh.
Nhan 6 ma DTMF
PCCtrl=1
N
PWE=1
Y
Nhan ma ieu khien t ien

thoai.
F0=1
PWE=1
N
F0=1
Y
Code=ma PC Control.
PCCtrl=1
Code=ma OnHook
ieu khien OnHook.

OnHook=1.
X ly ma ieu khien.
HaveCmd=1
End
Chng trnh nay c goi khi xay ra ngat t MT8888. Chng trnh nhieu cong viec
(nhan mat khau, nhan ma ieu khien t ban phm ien thoai, nhan ma ieu khien t
may tnh ) bang cach kiem soat cac c PCCtrl, PWE.
Trang 109
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
6.3.3. X ly giao tiep vi may tnh
Begin
Nhan 6 ma DTMF
F0=1
Y
Temp0=WriteCode
X ly ghi trang thai
N
Temp0=ReadCode
X ly oc trang thai
N
Temp0=OnHookCode
-ieu khien On Hook

-OnHook=1
N
X ly Error Code (Sai ma)
End
Chng trnh nay phuc vu cho viec giao tiep gia he thong vi giao dien
ieu khien tren may tnh.
O nh Temp0 la o nh cha ma au tien nhan c khi goi chng trnh
con Nhan 6 ma DTMF (5 o nh khac la Temp1 en Temp5 cha 5 ma tiep
theo cua chng trnh con nay, cac ma nay c s dung trong cac chng
trnh con X ly ghi trang thai va X ly oc trang thai).
ReadCode, WriteCode, OnHookCode la cac ma quy c e so sanh vi ma
nhan c e thc hien chc nang tng ng.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
6.3.4. X ly ghi trang thai
Begin
Cap nhat trang thai TB (cha traong 4 byte
Temp1-Temp4
oc trang thai hien tai cua thiet b.
Gi ma phan hoi trang thai thiet b
(Chng trnh con Phat day so DTMF)
End
6.3.5. X ly oc trang thai

Begin
oc trang thai hien tai cua thiet b.
Gi ma phan hoi trang thai thiet b
End
6.3.6. X ly ma loi (Error Code)

Begin
Tao ma phan hoi
Gi ma phan hoi bao loi ma ieu
khien
End
Trang 110
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 111
6.3.7. Gi ma nhan biet he thong

Begin
Tao ma nhan biet he thong
Gi ma phan hoi bao loi ma ieu
khien
End
6.4. Thiet ke Phan mem giao dien bang ngon ng Visual Basic 5.0
6.4.1. Yeu cau ve giao dien tren may tnh
e thiet ke mot giao dien tren may tnh th chung ta can phai quan tam ti
nhng van e chnh sau ay:
Viec thiet ke giao can phai mang tnh trc quan, ngi thc hien co the
de dang trong cong viec quan ly.
Ngon ng s dung trong viec thiet ke giao dien giup ngi lap trnh co
the de dang trong cong viec thiet ke.
Viec thiet ke s dung bao gom cac nut ieu khien, cac nhan tren giao
dien, cac thong bao trong viec ieu khien
Co kha nang ieu khien c nhieu ni( neu ni nao co mang ien thoai
la co the ieu khien c), nhieu thiet b.
Co kha nang oc c trang thai cac thiet b, ong thi co the cap nhat
trang thai cac thiet b.
Co chc nang mang tnh bao mat cua he thong.
Da tren cac yeu cau tren th nhom thc hien e tai thay viec la chon
ngon ng lap trnh cho mot e tai ac biet quan trong, no phu thuoc chu yeu
vao hai yeu to chnh sau ay:
Ve tnh khach quan:
Co the thc hien cong viec giao tiep de dang.
Da tren tnh san co cua ngon ng e giam bt thi gian trong viec thc
hien viet mot chng trnh.
Ve tnh chu quan:
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
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Ngi thc hien co kha nang lap trnh bang ngon ng la chon va biet
cach s dung de dang.
ap ng yeu cau a ra.
Vi cac yeu cau tren th nhom thc hien e tai quyet nh chon ngon ng
Visual Basic lam ngon ng lap trnh cho phan mem ieu khien.
6.4.2. Gii thieu ve ngon ng lap trnh Visual Basic 5.0
Khi ong chng trnh Visual Basic t moi trng Windows
Hnh 6 - 10 : Giao dien khi ong VB t Windows

Hoac nhap up vao bieu tng tren Destop
Hnh 6 - 11 : Bieu tng VB tren Destop
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
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Man hnh chnh cua Visual Basic xuat hien nh hnh di ay :
Hnh 6 - 12 : Man hnh chnh cua VB 5.0

e tien hanh thiet ke tren giao dien cua Visual Basic ta Click chuot vao
nut Open tren man hnh chnh. Luc nay xuat hien man hnh thiet ke nh sau:
Hnh 6 - 13 : Man hnh giao dien cua VB 5.0
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
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e thiet ke giao dien tren VB, ta chon tren thanh cong cu. Mot so cong cu
chuan cua VB 5.0
Hnh 6 - 14 : Thanh cong cu soan thao

Viec thiet ke giao dien tren VB, ngi thc hien ch can Click vao bieu
tng tren thanh cong cu va Click tren man hnh thiet ke. V du :
Hnh 6 - 15: Giao dien thiet ke

Man hnh soan thao tren VB nh sau:
Hnh 6 - 16 : Man hnh soan thao cua VB 5.0

O AN TOT NGHIEP.
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Sau khi soan thao xong chng trnh tren cac nut lenh. e tien hanh chay
th chng trnh, ngi thc hien Click vao bieu tng Start( ) tren thanh
cong cu chuan, hoac nhan phm F5 tren ban phm e chay th chng trnh
trong luc lap trnh.
6.4.3. Thiet ke giao dien va lap trnh.
Thiet ke giao dien
He thong giao tiep may tnh da tren yeu cau at ra, nhom thc hien e tai
thiet ke giao dien giao tiep nh sau :
Hnh 6 - 17 : Giao dien ieu khien trong khi thiet ke

Cac thuoc tnh c ban c ban cua mot so thanh phan tren Form (giao dien).
- Form : FrmMain
.Name
=FrmMain
.Caption
=Chng trnh ieu khien va giam sat thiet b qua mang

ien thoai
- Command Button (nut lenh) : cmdDial

.Name
=cmdDial
.Caption
=Thc hien cuoc goi
- Command Button : cmdCancel

.Name
=cmdCancel
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
.Caption
=Gac may
- Command Button : cmdReadST

.Name
=cmdReadST
.Caption
=oc TT hien tai cua TB
- Command Button : cmdUpdatData

.Name
=cmdUpdatData
.Caption
=Cap nhat trang thai TB
- Label (Nhan) : Label1

.Name
=Label1
.Caption
=Nhap so ien thoai
- Label : Label2
.Name
=Label2
.Caption
=Trang thai hien tai
- Label : Label3
.Name
=Label3
.Caption
=TT mong muon
- Label : Label4
.Name
=Label4
.Caption
=TT mong muon
- Label : Label5
.Name
=Label5
.Caption
=TT hien tai
- Label : Label6
.Name
=Label6
.Caption
=Ten thiet b
- Label : LblStatus
.Name
=LblStatus
.Caption
=On Hook
- Cac Label : LblSTEQ(i), vi i=0..15

.Name
=LblSTEQ
.Caption
=cha biet
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O AN TOT NGHIEP.
.Index
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=i
- Textbox (o nhap d lieu): TxtDialNumber

.Name
=TxtDialNumber
.Text
- Cac Textbox : TxtEQName(i), vi i=0..15

.Name
=TxtEQName
.Text
=TxtEQName
.Index
=i
- Checkbox (o la chon) : ChkEQ(0)

.Caption
=Thiet b 01
.Index
=0
- Checkbox : ChkEQ(1)
.Caption
=Thiet b 02
.Index
=1
...
- Checkbox : ChkEQ(15)
.Caption
=Thiet b 16
.Index
=15
e co the tham nhap vao he thong ieu khien, ngi ieu khien can nhap
mat ma e ieu khien, giao dien nhap mat ma nh sau:
Hnh 6 - 18 : Giao dien nhap mat ma khi thiet ke

Cac thuoc tnh c ban cua cac thanh phan tren Form FrmLogin nhu sau:
- Form : FrmLogin
.Name
=FrmLogin
.Caption
=Login
- Command Button : CmdOK

O AN TOT NGHIEP.
.Name
=CmdOK
.Caption
=OK
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- Command Button : CmdCancel

.Name
=CmdCancel
.Caption
=Cancel
- Textbox : TxtUserName
.Name
=TxtuserName
.Text
- Textbox : TxtPassword
.Name
=TxtPassword
.Text
.PasswordChar=*
e ngi ieu khien co the thay oi ten cua thiet b cho phu hp, ta can co
Form nhap ten thiet b mi nh hnh sau:
Hnh 6 - 19 : Giao dien nhap ten thiet b luc thiet ke

Cac thuoc tnh c ban cua cac thanh phan tren Form FrmInputEQName nh
sau:
- Form : FrmInputEQName
.Name
=FrmInputEQName
.Caption
=Nhap ten thiet b mi
- Command Button : CmdOK

.Name
=CmdOK
.Caption
=OK
- Command Button : CmdCancel

.Name
=CmdCancel
.Caption
=Cancel
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 119
- Textbox : TxtEQName
.Name
=TxtEQName
.Text
Phng thc lap trnh truy xuat cong may in (LPT)

Visual Basic khong ho tr cac ham, thu tuc e ngi lap trnh co the truy
xuat trc tiep en cac thanh ghi cua cong may in (LPT). Mot giai phap c
a ra la s dung cac tep (tap tin file) DLL (Dynamic Link Library).
Trong o an nay chung toi s 2 tep DLL la Inpout32.DLL va Port.DLL .
Cac ham va thu tuc c khai nh sau :
Declare Sub DELAY Lib "PORT.DLL" (ByVal b%)
Declare Sub DELAYUS Lib "PORT.DLL" (ByVal l As Long)
Declare Function Inp Lib "inpout32.dll" _
Alias "Inp32" (ByVal PortAddress As Integer) As Integer
Declare Sub Out Lib "inpout32.dll" Alias "Out32" _
(ByVal PortAddress As Integer, ByVal Value As Integer)
Cac thu tuc DELAY va DELAYUS trong PORT.DLL c s dung e co
the tao ra thi gian tre vi n v la ms (DELAY) va thi gian tre vi n v la
s (DELAYUS). Thu tuc Out32 trong Inpout32.DLL c khai bao s dung
vi ten la Out cho phep xuat d lieu ra cac thanh ghi, a ch cua thanh ghi
c a vao thong qua tham tr PortAddress va d lieu can ghi c a vao
qua tham tr Value. Ham Inp32 c khai bao s dung vi ten la Inp cho
phep oc d lieu t cac thanh ghi, a ch cua thanh ghi c a vao thong
qua tham tr PortAddress, d lieu c tra ve thong qua ten ham.
Lu y:
- Khi khai bao cac thu tuc DELAY va DELAYUS th ten thu tuc phai c
viet hoa, v cac ten nay cung c dung ben trong DLL, do o ta thay dong
khai bao khong ch ro ten cua thu tuc c tham chieu ben trong PORT.DLL.
- Ham Inp va thu tuc Out c tham chieu cu the trong dong khai bao (Inp
tham chieu en Inp32, Out tham chieu en Out32), do o ta co the khai bao
vi mot ten khac neu muon.
Chng trnh giao dien ieu khien c viet trong moi trng phat trien
ng dung Visual Basic (VB). Trong chng trnh, chung toi s dung cac ham
va thu tuc co san cua VB e x ly d lieu, va s dung cac ham/thu tuc trong
cac DLL c khai bao tren e nhap xuat thong qua cac thanh ghi cua cong
may in. Trong luc thiet ke chng trnh giao dien trong moi trng VB, e co
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
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the chay th chng trnh, cac tep DLL (PORT.DLL va InpOut32) phai c
chep vao th muc he thong cua he ieu hanh (v du: C\Windows\ , hoac
C\Windows\System\).
6.4.4. Tao cac tap tin cai at chng trnh.
Moi trng lap trnh Visaal Basic 5.0 ho tr cong cu Application Setup
Wizard cho phep ngi lap trnh ong goi chng trnh cua mnh thanh
mot tep Setup cung cac tep khac ho tr cho chng trnh.
Quy trnh tao cac tap tin cac at cho mot d an (project) nh sau :
- Gia s d an co ten la ProControlEQ trong Folder D:\VBSource.
- Folder cha cac tap tin phuc vu viec cai at: D:\VBDest.
Bc 1:Thc thi cong cu Application Setup Wizard t ng dan
Start\Programs\Microsoft Visual Basic 5.0\Application Setup Wizard.
Hnh 6 - 20 : Cho thc thi cong cu Application Setup Wizard cua VB.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Bc 2:
- Click vao nut Browse e ch en d an muon tao file cai at.
Hnh 6 - 21 : Hop thoai 1 cua cong cu Setup Wizard.

- Chon d an va click vao nut Open e m.
Trang 121
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Bc 3: Chon muc ReBuild Poroject roi click
- Click nut Next e tiep tuc.

Bc 4:
- Click Next khi xuat hien hop thoai sau.
Trang 122
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
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Bc 5:
- Chon la chon Single Directory e tao trong 1 Folder n duy nhat.
- Click Next e tiep tuc.
Bc 6:
- Chon Folder cha cac file ch cua qua trnh tao file setup.
- Click Next e tiep tuc

O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Bc 7:
- Click nut AddLocal e a vao cac file ho tr cho chng trnh.
- Chon cac file roi click nut Open.
Trang 124
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
- Click Next e tiep tuc
Bc 8:
Trang 125
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Bc 9:
Bc 10:
- Click Finish e hoan tat.
Trang 126
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
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- Hop thoai luc trnh Setup wizard ang x ly nh sau.

- Hop thoai thong bao qua trnh tao file cai at a thanh cong.
Sau khi thc hien xong cac bc tren, cac file can thiet cho qua trnh cai
at phan mem c at trong Folder D:\VBDest.
Viec cai at phan mem giao dien ieu khien thiet b nay cung tng t nh
viec cai at cac phan mem ng dung khac.
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6.4.5. Gii thieu giao dien ieu khien

Sau khi cai at va cho thc thi chng trnh, ta co giao dien ieu khien nh
cac hnh di..
Cach thc s dung phan mem c neu cu the trong muc Help cua trnh
n (menu) Tr giup.
Hnh 6 - 35 :Giao dien chnh ieu khien thiet b bang may tnh
Hnh 6 - 36 : Giao dien nhap mat ma.
Hnh 6 - 37 : Giao dien nhap ten thiet b

O AN TOT NGHIEP.
CHNG 7.
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129
TOM TAT _ KET LUAN _ E NGH
7.1. Tom tat cong trnh nghien cu

Trai qua thi gian nghien cu va thc hien e tai, en ay nhom nghien
cu a hoan thanh e tai va tap o an nay. Trong qua trnh thc hien mac du
con gap kha nhieu van e kho khan, tr ngai nhng nhom thc hien e tai
van co gang het sc va tinh than e hoan thanh e tai ung qui nh, ong
thi cung hoc hoi c kha nhieu kien thc mi, kinh nghiem va cung co lai
nhng kien thc a hoc tai trng. Toan bo noi dung cua e tai nhom thc
hien a tom tat trong tap o an nay bao gom nhng phan chnh sau :
Phan A : Gii Thieu
Phan B : Noi Dung
Chng 1 : Dan Nhap
Noi dung cua chng nay gii thieu tam quan trong cua e tai, gii han
e tai,muc ch nghien cu cua e tai thc hien.
Chng 2 : C S Ly Luan
Noi dung chu yeu cua chng nay phan tch dan y, the thc nghien cu e
lam c s cho noi dung thc hien chng sau.
Chng 3 : Ly Thuyet Lien Quan
Noi dung chnh cua chng nay la gii thieu ve cac nguyen ly, chc nang cua
tong ai, may ien thoai Va mot so ly thuyet lien quan ve mach khuech ai,
vi mach EEPROM 24C08.
Chng 4 : Thiet Ke Phan Cng
Chng nay gii thieu chu yeu ve yeu cau cua he thong, cau truc cua he
thong, chc nang tng khoi cua he thong, cach thiet ke tnh toan cua tng
khoi va nguyen tac hoat ong.
Chng 5 : Thiet Ke Phan Mem
Chng nay chu yeu thiet ke ve chng trnh hoat ong cua tng khoi va
ca he thong c lu vao khoi x ly e ieu khien hoat ong cua he thong.
Chng 6 : Giao Tiep May Tnh
Noi dung chu yeu cua chng nay la nham ieu khien he thong tren may tnh
thong qua cong may in, thiet ke giao dien tren phan mem Visua Basic.
Chng 7 : Tom Tat _ Ket Luan _ e Ngh
Noi dung chnh cua chng nay la tong ket lai nhng ma nhom thc hien
nghien cu va lam c. ong thi e xuat ra mot vai hng phat trien mi.
Chng 7. Tom tat- Ket luan- e ngh.
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130
Phan C : Phu Luc _ Tai Lieu Tham Khao.

Tom lai, vi e tai: Thiet ke va thi cong mo hnh ieu khien thiet b
qua mang ien thoai la mot he thong kha hoan chnh va thc thi. He thong
nay c thc thi tren hai phan chnh:
Phan mot: He thong c thiet ke va thi cong mo hnh ieu khien thiet
b bang ien thoai, vi mo hnh nay ngi ieu khien ben canh ieu
khien he thong t xa bang ien thoai phan hoi lai trang thai bang am
thanh th ngi ieu khien co the ieu khien tai cho bang he thong cac
phm nhan(cac ma phm nhan c qui nh giong ban phm ien thoai
e ngi ieu khien co the de dang trong viec ieu khien )hay ieu
khien bang Remote Tivi.
Phan hai: Viec thc hien c da tren mo hnh thiet ke phan mot,
nhom thc hien e tai m rong ieu khien thiet b bang phng thc giao
tiep qua may tnh. Vi phng thc nay viec ieu khien khong bang ien
thoai ma ngi ieu khien thong qua may tnh, da tren ng line ien
thoai co san.
7.2. Ket luan
Trong qua trnh thc hien e tai, cuoi cung e tai cung c hoan thanh.
Mac du thi gian han hep, tai lieu tham khao qua t va co nhieu van e nay
sinh trong qua trnh thiet ke , nhng nhng ngi thc hien a co gang het
sc mnh, nhiet tnh trong cong viec nghien cu e tai va cuoi cung e tai a
hoan thanh tot ep cung nh a at c nhng yeu cau at ra. o la ket qua
cua mot thi gian dai no lc cua nhom thc hien e tai va di s hng dan
tan tnh cua thay Ta Cong c cung vi s giup cua nha trng, thay co va
ban be nen e tai a hoan thanh ung thi han.
Qua qua trnh thc hien e tai, nhom nghien cu cung a t anh gia
c phan nao con han che va t nhieu bo sung cac kien thc con han hep
trong thi gian hoc tai trng.
e tai Thiet ke va thi cong mo hnh ieu khien thiet b qua mang
ien thoai la s ket hp gia cac khoi tao thanh mot he thong hoan chnh.
Trong e tai nghien cu a trnh bay kha sau sac ve cau truc va chc nang
tng khoi cua phan cng, phan mem giup cho ngi oc de dang nam c
cau truc va chc nang cua mach. Noi dung e tai c trnh bay ay u, hnh
thc ro rang, t ng thong dung va de hieu giup cho ngi oc hieu c mot
cach de dang e van dung ung an va chnh xac. Vi chc nang phan hoi
bang tieng noi do o co the cho ngi ieu khien biet c chnh xac trang
thai cua thiet b lam cho ngi ieu khien co the an tam hn trong cong tac
quan ly.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
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131
7.2.1. Tnh nang cua he thong mo hnh thiet ke

e tai c thc thi vi ket qua la mot san pham mi c hnh thanh vi
nhieu tnh nang sau:
ieu khien c thiet b tai cho thong qua he thong phm nhan.
ieu khien c he thong thiet b thong qua s dung hong ngoai bang
Remote TV.
ieu khien c he thong thiet bang viec s dung ng truyen co san
Line ien thoai vi chat lng cao.
He thong ieu khien thong qua mang ien thoai co the bao bang trang
thai am thanh e ngi ieu khien co the an tam trong qua trnh van
hanh thiet b.
He thong ng dung EEPROM 24C08 co the thay oi c mat ma khi
can thiet va tnh bao mat cua he thong cao do xac suat phat hien mat
ma rat thap.
ng dung trong cac xng san xuat thong qua hnh thc ieu khien
bang may tnh, phan hoi tn hieu tren giao dien may tnh cho ngi
ieu khien.
7.2.2. Kha nang ng dung va tnh hieu qua cua e tai
Trong tam chnh cua e tai la thiet ke va thi cong he thong ieu khien cac
thiet b ien t xa thong qua mang ien thoai. ong thi he thong co kha
nang ieu khien c tai cho va phan hoi, bao trang thai va ket qua ieu
khien thiet b bang tieng noi, tao cam giac yen tam cho ngi ieu khien . u
iem cua viec dung ng truyen co san cua mang ien thoai e ieu khien
thiet b va bao ong la pham vi ieu khien va hoat ong rong, khong han che,
ac biet la ve khoang cach. Tai mot ni ma co the ieu khien c nhieu ni
khac.
Nh co ieu khien t xa con ngi tiet kiem c thi gian va qua trnh i
lai, vi ieu kien thi cong cua e tai rat kha thi, gia thanh thap, phu hp vi
ieu kien hien tai nc nha. Song e tai mang tnh tien ch rat cao c ng
dung t dan dung, cac thiet b trong nha en cong nghiep: nh nha may, kho
xng, he thong khach san va ac biet la nhng moi trng khac nghiet,
nguy hiem, ni cao ap
Ngoai ra trong cong tac giang day, he thong tr thanh mot mo hnh thc te
dung e giang day the hien s ng dung cua mang thong tin .
Hn na ve tnh kha thi trong tng lai, e tai mang tnh kch thch thuc
ay s phat trien cua nganh cong nghe ien T, Vien Thong cua Viet Nam.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
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132
T o, gop phan xay dng at nc ngay cang phon vinh, v nganh ien T
la nganh ong vai tro kinh te mui nhon cua nc nha.
Vi nhng ac iem va tnh nang tren, e tai co kha nang trien khai ng
dung rong rai trong thc te va mang tnh hien ai thc tien cao.
7.3. Hng phat trien cua e tai
Qua qua trnh thc hien vi e tai Thiet ke va thi cong mo hnh ieu
khien thiet b qua mang ien thoai, ve c ban e tai a hoan thanh, nhng
vi thi gian co han e tai van cha at c nhng chc nang mong muon.
Trong qua trnh lam e tai nhng ngi thc hien e ngh hng phat
trien cua e tai: Khi co s co th he thong t ong tra li ien thoai cho ngi
ieu khien biet hoac ket hp vi he thong bao chay, bao trom e e tai co the
hoan chnh hn. Ben canh o, hien nay mang thong tin Internet ang phat
trien rat manh chung ta co the ng dung e tai thong qua mang Internet e
ieu khien bang mang Internet.
PHAN C.
PHU LUC
TAI LIEU
THAM KHAO
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 134
GII THIEU MOT SO IC NG DUNG TRONG MACH
1. Gii thieu IC AT24C08

S o chan, cau truc cua IC AT4C08
Hnh C- 1 : S o chan AT24C08

Bang hoat ong cac chan cua IC AT24C08
Bang C- 1 : Bang hoat ong cac chan cua IC AT24C08
Ten chan Chc nang
A0 A2 Address Inputs : Cac chan a ch vao
SDA
Serial Data
SCL
Serial Data
WP
Write Protect
NC
No Connect
S o cau truc ben trong IC AT24C08
Hnh C- 2 : S o cau truc ben trong IC AT24C08

Phu luc- Tai lieu tham khao.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 135
Mo ta cac chan cua IC AT24C08

Serial Clock (SCL) : Chan ngo vao SCL c s dung e tch cc
hoa d lieu kch canh vao EEPROM, va khong tch cc d lieu kch canh
ngo ra cua IC nay.
Serial Data( SDA ) : Chan SDA la chan truyen d lieu trc tiep.
Chan nay la chan cc mang e h va co the c ket noi vi bat ky chan
cc mang e h nao khac.
Device/Page Addresses (A2,A1,A0) : Cac chan A2, A1 va A0 la cac
chan a ch vao ma c ket noi vi phan cng.
IC AT24C08 ch s dung chan A2 lam chan a ch ngo vao cho viec ket
noi a ch vi phan cng va toan bo 2 thiet b 8K bit co the c nh a ch
tren he thong Bus n. Vi IC nay 2 chan A2 va A1 th khong c ket noi
vi phan cng ( con goi chan NC).
Write Protect(WP) : Chan nay la chan ma bao ve d lieu cho phan
cng. Chan WP cho phep hoat ong ghi_oc bnh thng khi no c noi
Mass hoac noi len VCC.
To chc bo nh
Bo nh ben trong gom co 8 K bit. Do o a ch yeu cau 10 bit a ch.
1.1 Phng thc hoat ong
Clock and Data Transitions : Chan SDA bnh thng c keo len
mc cao nh thiet b ben ngoai ( ien tr thanh ). D lieu chan SDA ch co
the thay oi trong suot khoang thi gian chan SCL mc thap. Data thay oi
trong khoang thi gian SCL mc thap se ch ra ieu kien Start va ieu kien
Stop.
Hnh C- 3 : Gian o xung AT24C08

Start Condition : Khi chan SCL mc cao th chan SDA truyen t
mc cao xuong mc thap c goi la ieu kien Start .
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 136
Stop Condition : Khi chan SCL mc cao th chan SDA truyen t

mc thap len mc cao c goi la ieu kien Start. Sau qua trnh oc lien tuc
th ieu kien Stop se a EEPROM vao che o Stanby.
Gian o :
Hnh C- 4 : Gian o xung Start va Stop

Acknowledge : Tat ca a ch va d lieu c truyen en va xuat t
EEPROM di dang 8 bit. EEPROM se gi i tn hieu zero( Acknowledge ) .
Tn hieu nay dien ra chu ky xung th 9.
Hnh C- 5 : Gian o xung tn hieu Acknowledge

a ch
- EEPROM 8K(AT24C08 ) oi hoi mot t a ch 8 bit sau ieu kien Start,
cap cho bo x ly e thc hien hoat ong oc va ghi.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 137
Bang C- 2 : Bang t a ch 8 bit cua EEPROM 24C08
- T a ch 8 bit nay gom 4 bit co co trong so cao nhat va bat buoc phai
lien tuc theo th t 1, 0 (hnh tren ). ieu nay c s dung chung cho tat ca
cac loai EEPROM (ho AT24Cxx).
- Ba bit ke tiep theo la cac a ch ngo vao A2, A1 va A0. Ba bit nay c
ket noi vi phan cng tuy thuoc vao tng loai EEPROM :
+ Vi EEPROM loai 1K, 2K th 3 bit nay phai ket noi vi chan a ch ngo
vao cua phan cng.
+ Vi EEPROM loai 4K th ch s dung 2 bit a ch ngo vao A2 va A1, 2
bit nay phai ket noi vi chan a ch ngo vao cua phan cng. Con chan A0
khong ket noi.
+ Vi EEPROM loai 8K th ch s dung 1 bit a ch ngo vao A2, bit nay
phai ket noi vi chan a ch ngo vao cua phan cng. Con chan A0, A1 khong
ket noi.
+ Vi EEPROM loai 16K th khong s dung bit nao lam a ch ngo vao ma
3 bit nay c s dung cho a ch bo nh Page.
- Bit th 8 cua t a ch nay la bit la chon R/W. Neu bit nay len mc cao
th qua trnh oc d lieu c thc hien, ngc lai la qua trnh ghi d lieu thc
hien.
1.2 Qua trnh ghi d lieu
Byte Write (Ghi 1 byte) : Qua trnh thc hien ghi 1 Byte d lieu oi
hoi phai co t a ch 8 bit d lieu theo sau mot t a ch thiet b va ket thuc
la mot tn hieu zero( tn hieu Acknowledge). Khi a ch thiet b nay c
tha nhan th EEPROM 24C08 se ap ng lai mot tn hieu zero va sau o tiep
tuc a vao word address va d lieu 8 bit. Tiep theo sau a ch d lieu 8 bit
c tha nhan th 24C08 tiep tuc xuat ra mot tn hieu Zero. Luc nay vi ieu
khien se bat au thc hien qua trnh ghi lien tuc va ket thuc qua trnh ghi la
ieu kien Stop. Luc nay EEPROM 24C08 se bat au chu ky ghi vao ben trong
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 138
bo nh. Tat ca cac chan khong c cho phep trong suot qua trnh ghi va
24C08 se khong ap ng cho en khi hoan thanh xong qua trnh ghi.
Hnh C- 6 : Gian o ghi 1 Byte AT24C08

Page Write (Ghi 1 Page): Qua trnh ghi 1 Page bat au cung giong
nh qua trnh ghi mot Byte, nhng vi ieu khien khong xuat ieu kien Stop
sau d lieu 8 bit au tien c Clock vao. Thay vao o, sau khi EEPROM
24C08 tha nhan 8 bit d lieu au tien th se xuat hien mot tn hieu xung
Zero, va sau o vi ieu khien se tiep tuc thc hien truyen 15 lan d lieu 8 bit.
Sau moi lan truyen d lieu 8 bit th EEPROM 24C08 se xuat hien 1 tn hieu
xung Zero. Va vi ieu khien bat au qua trnh ghi mot Page cho ti khi xuat
hien ieu kien Stop.
Hnh C- 7 : Gian o ghi 1 Byte AT24C08

Acknowledge Polling: Mot khi qua trnh ghi d lieu vao ben trong bo
nh bat au th cac ngo vao cua EEPROM khong c cho phep, viec kiem
tra tn hieu xung Zero( tn hieu Acknowledge) bat au. Viec nay oi hoi
EEPROM phai gi mot ieu kien Start, theo sau la Devide Address. Bit chon
R/W ac trng cho qua trnh nay. Khi chu ky ghi hoan thanh th EEPROM
AT24C08 se phan hoi lai mot tn hieu Zero cho phep hoat ong oc va ghi
c tiep tuc.
1.3 Qua trnh oc d lieu
Qua trnh oc d lieu cung bat au giong qua trnh ghi d lieu vi trng
hp bit chon a ch R/W c set len mc 1. Co 3 hoat ong oc a ch: oc
a ch hien tai(current address read), oc a ch ngau nhien ( random
address read ) va oc a ch lien tuc (sequential read).
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 139
Current address read : Bo em a ch d lieu ben trong se duy tr

a ch cho phep cuoi cung, cho en cuoi qua trnh oc hay ghi, sau o c
tang len 1(Neu a ch cuoi cung mac nh la n th qua trnh oc d lieu cho
phep mac nh la n +1 ). Mot khi chan chon R/W c set len 1 th AT24C08
se phat ra mot xung tn hieu Zero, va thc hien qua trnh truyen d lieu 8
bit(a ch hien hanh c Clock ra). Luc nay vi ieu khien khong phan hoi
lai mot tn hieu Zero ngo vao ma phat theo sau mot ieu kien Stop.
Hnh C- 8 : Gian o oc a ch hien tai

Random Read: Mot qua trnh oc a ch ngau nhien oi hoi mot hoat
ong ghi lien tuc mot byte gia e a vao a ch d lieu. Mot khi a ch
thiet b va a ch d lieu c Clock vao va AT24C08 xuat ra mot tn hieu
Zero, th vi ieu khien phai phat ra mot ieu kien Start khac. Luc nay vi ieu
khien bat au oc a ch hien tai bang viec gi ra mot a ch thiet b vi
ieu kien chan chon R/W set len 1. Khi o AT24C08 tha nhan a ch a ch
thiet b nay va a ra( Clock out) t d lieu.Vi ieu khien khong phan hoi lai
mot tn hieu Zero ngo vao ma phat theo sau mot ieu kien Stop.
Hnh C- 9 : Gian o oc a ch ngau nhien

Sequential Read: Qua trnh oc lien tuc c thc hien bi ca 2 qua
trnh oc d lieu hien tai va qua trnh oc d lieu ngau nhien. Sau khi vi ieu
khien nhan d lieu 8 bit th se phat ra mot xung tn hieu Zero. Chang bao lau
th EEPROM AT24C08 nhan c tn hieu Zero nay th tiep tuc tang a ch
d lieu 8 bit va Clock ra lien tuc cac t d lieu . Khi bo nh d lieu at en
mc gii han, th a ch d lieu se quay lai va tiep tuc oc lien tuc. Qua trnh
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 140
oc lien tuc c ket thuc khi vi ieu khien khong phan hoi lai mot tn hieu
Zero ngo vao ma phat theo sau mot ieu kien Stop.
Hnh C- 10 : Gian o oc a ch lien tuc

2. IC MT8888
IC MT8888 la mot mach thu phat tn hieu DTMF hoan chnh tch hp ca
hai chc nang mach loc tach bang thong, giai ma tn hieu DTMF ra tn hieu so
bon bit nh phan va ngc lai. IC nay c san xuat bang cong nghe CMOS,
kch thc nho, t ton nang lng va kha nang ng dung rong rai. IC c
tong hp gom nhieu mach chc nang (nh hnh sau):
Hnh C- 11 : S o cau truc ben trong IC MT8888

IC MT8888 co nhng ac iem sau:
Chc nang loc tach tn hieu DTMF lam hai nhom tone cao va tone
thap.
Giai ma 16 cap tn hieu DTMF (tng ng vi 16 phm tren ban
phm may ien thoai) thanh ma 4 bit nh phan.
IC con c cung cap them phan khuech ai vi sai ngo vao, co
the ieu chnh c o li.
IC hoat ong vi dao ong thach anh 3.5795Mhz
IC co phan chot ba trang thai ngo ra giao tiep vi bus d lieu.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 141
S o chan cua IC MT8888
Hnh C- 12 : S o chan cua ho IC MT8888

ay s dung IC MT8888 co so chan la 20 chan (DIP)
Hnh C- 13 : S o chan cua IC MT8888

Y ngha cua cac chan IC MT8888 :
Bang tom tat chc nang cac chan cua IC MT8888
Bang C- 3 : Bang tom tat chc nang cac chan cua IC MT8888
Chan Ten
Chc nang
1
IN +
Chan vao khong ao cua Opamp
2
IN Chan vao ao cua Opamp
3
GS
Chon o li cho bo khuech ai Opamp
4
VREF
au ra ien ap tnh VDD/2, c dung e can bang tnh
au vao
5
VSS
ien ap am cung cap (noi Mass)
6
OSC1
au vao bo dao ong thach anh
7
OSC2
Dao ong thach anh f= 3.579545Hz c noi gia OSC1 va
OSC2 tao thanh dao ong dong ien ben trong vi mach.
8
TONE
Ngo ra Tone cua DTMF
9
WR
Chan e CPU ieu khien trc tiep oc va viet data
10
Chan Chip Select
CS
11
RSO
Chan chon Register
Trang 142
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
12
13
RD
IRQ / CP
14
15
16
17
18
D0
D1
D2
D3
EST
19
ST/GT
20
VDD
Xung ong ho he thong

Yeu cau ngat gi ti MPU ( Chan cc mang h). Khi Mode
Call Progress (CP) che o ngat interrupt cung c chon,
chan IRQ / CP se a ra dang song hnh ch nhat ac trng
cho tn hieu au vao cua Opamp vi ieu kien tn hieu au
vao nay phai nam trong dai thong cua bo loc thong dai
Data bus
Data bus
Data bus
Data bus
Cho ra mc logic 1 khi phat hien c mot cap Tone hp le.
Bat k trang thai nao khong co tn hieu hp le eu cho ra
mc logic 0
Mot cap ien ap ln hn VEST khi xuat hien tai ST lam cho
thiet b ghi nhan cap Tone va cap nhat bo chot ngo ra. Mot
ien ap nho hn VEST giai phong thiet b e thu nhan cap
Tone mi. Ngo ra GT lam nhiem vu Reset mach nh th
ben ngoai. Trang thai cua no la mot ham cua EST va ien
ap tai chan ST.
Nguon cung cap
Bang C- 4 : Bang thong so cua tn hieu DTMF

K t so
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
A
B
C
D
*
#
Tan so thap
697
697
697
770
770
770
852
852
852
941
697
770
852
941
941
941
Tan so cao
1209
1336
1447
1209
1336
1447
1209
1336
1447
1336
1633
1633
1633
1633
1209
1447
D3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
D2
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
D1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
D0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
Trang 143
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Giao tiep MT8888 vi Vi ieu khien
MT8888 s dung mot bo giao tiep vi x ly cho phep ieu khien mot cach
chnh xac vi chc nang thu va phat. Co tong cong 5 thanh ghi chia lam 3 loai:
Thanh ghi d lieu thu_phat, thanh ghi ieu khien thu_phat va thanh ghi trang
thai. Co hai thanh ghi d lieu :Thanh ghi Receive data cha ma xuat ra cua
cap Tone DTMF hp le gan nhat va la thanh ghi ch oc. Data a vao thanh
ghi Transmith data se qui nh cap Tone nao c phat i, Data ch the c
vao thanh ghi nay.
ieu khien thu phat Tone c am nhan bi 2 thanh ghi Control Register
A va Control Register B (CRA va CRB ) co cung mot a ch. Muon ghi vao
thanh ghi CRB th trc o phai co set mot bit tng ng CRA. Chu ky ghi
ke tiep vao cung a ch vi CRA se cho phep truy cap ti CRB. Va chu ky
ghi ke tiep na se tr lai CRA. Khi cap ien mach ien reset noi se xoa cac
thanh ghi ieu khien. Tuy vay, e ngan nga th chng trnh phan mem nen
co mot dong lenh e kch khi cac thanh ghi nay. Chan IRQ /CP co the c
lap trnh sao cho no co the cung cap tn hieu yeu cau ngat sau khi nhan xung
DTMF hp le hay khi phat a san sang cho data ke tiep (Ch trong che o
Burst mode). Chan la IRQ /CP ngo ra cc mang h va v the can co mot ien
tr keo len.
Thanh ghi nhan data cha ma lenh xuat cua gia tr cuoi cung cap Tone
DTMF c giai ma va la thanh ghi ch oc data vao. Tn hieu data vao trong
thanh ghi phat se c nh ro vi cap Tone nao ma c phat sinh ra. Data
ch co the c viet vi thanh ghi phat.
Hai thanh ghi ieu khien CRA va CRB co cung mot a ch, viec xac nh
ghi d lieu vao thanh ghi nao c ch ra trong bit th 3 (B3) trong thanh ghi
CRA. Neu bit B3 bang [0], lan ghi ke tiep c hieu la ghi vao thanh ghi
CRA; neu bit B3 bang [1], lan ghi ke tiep c hieu la ghi vao thanh ghi CRB.
Sau khi thc hien lenh ghi vao thanh ghi CRB, thanh ghi CRA se c chon
tr lai mot cach t ong bi phan cng.
Cach truy cap thanh ghi
Bang C- 5 : Bang chc nang cac thanh ghi cua MT8888
RSO
0
0
1
1
R/W
0
1
0
1
Chc nang
Ghi vao thanh ghi Data phat
oc t thanh ghi data thu
Ghi vao thanh ghi ieu khien
oc t thanh ghi trang thai
Trang thai thanh ghi ieu khien CRA (Control Register A)
Trang 144
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Bang C- 6 : Ten goi cac bt trong thanh ghi ieu khien CRA
B3
Register Select
B2
Interrup Enable
B1
CP/DTMF mode
B0
Tone Out
Bang C- 7 : Chc nang cua cac bt trong thanh ghi ieu khien CRA
BIT
B0
Ten
Tone Out
B1
CP/DTMF mode Control
B2
Interrup Enable
B3
Register E Select
Cach s dung
Mc logic 1 cho phep Tone c phat ra.
Chc nang nay co the c thc hien
trong Burst mode hoac None_Burst mode
Chon Mode DTMF (mc 0) cho phep thu
va phat Tone ong thi. Khi chon mode
CP (mc 1 bo loc dai bac 6) c kch
hoat cho phep kiem tra cac Tone trang
thai ng day (call progress tone). Cac
Tone nay neu nam trong dai thong qui
nh th c the hien chan IRQ/CP
dang song hnh ch nhat neu bit IRQ
c chon (B=1). Ngoai ra khi ca hai CP
mode va burst mode c chon, bo phat
se phat tn hieu DTMF vi khoang tat
m la 102s ms, gap oi khi ta chon Mode
DTMF. Chu y rang tone DTMF se c
thu khi mode CP c chon
Logic mc 1 cho phep mode Inerrup. Khi
mode nay mc tch cc va mode DTMF
c (B1=1), chan IRQ/CP se b keo
xuong mc 0 khi:
+ Mot tn hieu DTMF hp le c nhan
va a hien hu c trong khoang thi
gian an toan
+ Bo phat san sang cho data ke tiep (ch
trong Burst mode)
Logic 1 cho phep CRB trong chu ky ghi
ke tiep tren cung a ch nay. Chu ky ghi
ke sau na se tr lai ghi vao CRA
Thanh ghi ieu khien CRB (Control register B)

Bang C- 8 : Ten goi cac bt trong thanh ghi ieu khien CRB
B3
Column/Rom Tone
B2
Single/Dual Tone
B1
Test Mode
B0
Burst Mode
Trang 145
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Bang C- 9 : Chc nang cac bit trong thanh ghi ieu khien CRB
BIT
B0
B1
TEN
Burst Mode
Test Mode
B2
Single/Dual Tone
B3
Column/Rom Tone
CACH S DUNG
Cho phep chon test mode ( logic 1). Khi
o chan IRQ/CP se xuat hien tn hieu
Steering c lam tre t bo thu DTMF.
DTMF mode phai c chon ( CRA B1=
0) trc khi Test Mode c kch hoat
Mc logic 0 cho phep tn hieu Dual Tone
Multi Frequency. Logic 1 chon che o
Tone n( single tone ) cho phep tao ra
mot tone nhom thap hoac nhom cao da
vao trang thai cua bit B3 trong thanh ghi
CRB
S dung vi bit B2 tren. Bo phat co the
c chon e phat tan so nam tren hang
hay cot va mc logic 1 se chon tan so
hang
Mot vai ng dung cua IC MT8888

ieu khien t xa.
Mach thu cho tong ai.
Mach tnh cc ien thoai
3. IC chot d lieu 74HC573
S o chan va chc nang cua IC 74HC573
Hnh C- 14 : S o chan IC 74HC573
Trang 146
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Chc nang cac chan
Bang C- 10 : Bang chc nang cac chan IC 74HC573
Chan
1
2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
10
11
19,18,17,16,15,14,13,12
20
Nhan
Chc nang
OE
Chan cho phep 3 trang thai ngo ra(Low)

D lieu vao
Chan Mass(0 V)
Chan chot ngo vao (H)
Cac ngo ra
Chan nguon
D0 to D7
GND
LE
Q0 to Q7
Vcc
S o cau truc ben trong cua IC :
Hnh C- 15 : Cau truc ben trong IC 74HC573

IC 74HC573 bao gom co 8 Flipflop D, ngo vao ra trc tiep .
Bang trang thai cua IC 74HC373 :
Bang C- 11 : Bang trang thai IC 74HC373
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 147
4. Khao sat IC chuyen dung ISD1420

4.1 ac tnh chung cua ISD1420
Vi mach nay co the Record/Playback ( Ghi am/phat) tieng noi mot cach
de dang
Chat lng cao, tai tao am thanh, tieng noi mot cach t nhien
Qua trnh s dung thu phat co the ieu khien bang tay hay may tnh
mot cach de dang
Thi gian lu tr am thanh toi a c 20 giay
So lan ghi xoa co the len ti 100000 lan
Thong tin lu tr khong can nguon nuoi
Qua trnh tm a ch tng oi de dang
ch
Vung a ch cua IC nay t 00h en 9Fh c chia thanh 160 vung a

Khi truy xuat a ch cho cac cau thong bao th ch can at a ch au
Co san mach AGC trong cau truc cua IC
Nguon cung cap s dung nguon n 5VDC
Mach tao xung Clock co san ben trong
Toc o lay mau ngo vao 6.4 kHz
Tan so xung ong ho la 819.2 kHz
Bang thong la 2.6 kHz
IC ISD1420 cho phep ngi s dung Record va Playback am thanh chat

lng cao ch tren mot vi mach n vi thi lng 20 giay cho cac cau thong
bao. Cac cau thong bao sau khi c ghi am c lu vao cac o nh do o
khong can dung en nguon nuoi lien tuc. Bo nh cua ISD1420 cho phep tai
tao lai am thanh t nhien tren cung vi mach.
Ho vi mach ISD1420 khong can dung en bo chuyen oi A/D va D/A.
Tch hp ben trong cau truc cua IC no cha tat ca cac chc nang can thiet cho
cong viec Ghi va Phat tieng noi vi chat lng cao. Vi cau truc ben trong co
bo kh nhieu va t ong ieu chnh o li (AGC) cho phep ghi c cac am
thanh ln hay nho. ISD1420 ieu khien loa trc tiep qua cac ngo xuat vi sai.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 148
4.2. S o cau truc ben trong cua IC ISD1420
Hnh C- 16 : Cau truc IC ISD1420

che o Record:
Tn hieu t Micro c ket noi vi au vao cua bo tien khuech ai, bo
tien khuech ai nay c ieu chnh bang mach AGC (t ong ieu chnh o
li ). Mach nay se ieu chnh o khuech ai cua tn hieu vao va loc nhieu
nhng tn hieu khong mong muon. Tn hieu sau o c a qua bo truyen.
Ngo vao cua bo truyen ( Transceiver) la ngo ra cua bo loc va gi tn hieu vao
bo nh.
Mach nh th ben trong ISD1420 ong bo vi bo nh analog, ong thi
sinh ra xung lay mau. Tn hieu am thanh c lay mau xung tan so 6.4 kHz
va c lu trong cac o nh nh mot mc ien ap.
che o Playback :
Tn hieu c lay t bo nh analog va gi en ngo xuat cua bo loc. Trong
luc phat thong bao cac o nh c lay mau va gi ra cac ngo xuat cua bo loc
thong qua bo truyen nhan analog. Tn hieu sau khi loc c gi ti bo don
kenh analog, cac tn hieu nay c lu tr se c chon loc, khuech ai va
sau o xuat ra loa.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 149
4.3. S o chan cua ISD1420
Hnh C- 17 : S o chan ISD1420

Chc nang cac chan
Adress Input(1-6,9,10) : La cac ngo vao co 2 chc nang, 2 chc nang
nay tuy thuoc vao cac chan a ch A6 va A7 (MSB).
o Neu mot trong hai MSB( A6_A7) mc logic 1 th ngo vao
(Adress Input) c hieu la cac Mode hoat ong. oi vi ISD
1420 co 6 Mode hoat ong.
o
Neu mot trong hai MSB( A6_A7) mc logic 0 th tat ca cac

ngo vao c hieu la cac ngo vao a ch bat au cho chu trnh
Playback hoac Record. a ch ngo vao se c chot bi cac bi
canh xuong cua cac chan PLAYL\, PLAYE\ va RECORD\.
NC (7,8,11,22 ) : Khong ket noi

VSSD, VSSA ( 12,13): Hai chan nay noi Mass
SP+,SP- _ Speaker out(14,15) :Ngo xuat ra loa dang vi sai. ISD1420
co the trc tiep ieu khien cac loa co tr khang thap khoang 16. Cong suat
toi a cho loa noi gia hai chan nay khoang 50mW.Thiet b co the dung ngo
xuat n, nhng phai co mot tu ien noi gia ngo xuat n va loa.
VCCD, VCCA _Supply Voltage ( 16,28) : ISD1420 co s ket hp chat
che gia mach tng t va so. Mach so nhieu ang ke va chung co the tron
vi tn hieu Record trong mach tng t, V vay mach can nen cap 2 nguon
rieng e chong nhieu.
Mic_Microphone Input ( 17) : Ngo vao cua microphone va a vao bo
tien khuech ai cua IC. Bien o au vao khoang -15dB en 24dB.Chan nay
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 150
c noi qua cac tu ien va ien tr khoang 10 xac nh viec cat tan so thap
cho ISD.
Mic Ref_ Microphone Reference(18) : Ngo vao tham khao
microphone. Ngo nhap nay la ngo vao ao cua bo tien khuech ai
microphone. Khi c vi mot microphone vi sai, chan nay co nhiem vu ngo
nhap loai nhieu.
AGC_ Automatic Gain Control (19) : Ngo vao t ong ieu chnh o
li. Mach AGC se t ong ieu chnh mc tang mot cach linh hoat cho o li
cua bo tien khuech ai nham can bang vi nhieu mc ngo nhap khac nhau
cua microphone. ien ap nh xuat ra bo tien khuech ai se c nap vao
mot tu ien ben ngoai. Thi gian nap cua tu en mot mc ma no se bat au
giam mc cua bo tien khuech ai goi la thi gian tham nhap, c xac nh
bi tu ien va ien tr khoang 5k ben trong cua chan AGC. Thi gian ngh
cua AGC c xac nh bi mot tu ien va mot ien tr au song song ben
ngoai. Tr so thong thng cua ien tr nay khoang 470k va tr so tu ien
khoang 4.7 F
Ana In _ Analog Input ( 20 ) : Ngo vao tng t. Vai tro cua chan nay
la chan Analog Out cua bo tien khuech ai co the c noi vi vi chan
Analog Input thong qua mot tu ien. Ma tu ien nay c noi vi mot ien
tr co tr so khoang 3k qua ng Microphone va chan chan nay cung co
the dung e nhap cac tn hieu Analog khac ngoai tn hieu Microphone.
Ana Out _ Analog Out ( 21 ) : Ngo xuat tn hieu tng t. Tn hieu
Analog a c khuech ai xuat hien tren chan Analog Out. Chan nay la ngo
ra cua bo tien khuech ai cap cho ngi s dung. o li bien o ien ap cua
bo tien khuech ai c xac nh bi ien ap chan AGC.
PLAYL _ Playback, Level-Activate(23) : Chan ieu khien phat kch
mc( level) Khi chan nay xuong mc thap th viec phat thong bao se c
thc hien. Va qua trnh phat tiep tuc cho en khi PLAYL chuyen len mc cao,
hoac en khi gap tn hieu EOM th ket thuc viec phat. ISD1420 t ong vao
che o ch va giam nguon khi ket thuc mot chu trnh phat.
PLAYE _ Playback,Edge-Activated (24) :Khi chan nay c tac ong
canh xuong th qua trnh phat cua ISD c bat au. Trong qua trnh phat ma
chan nay tr len mc cao th qua trnh phat nay van tiep tuc thc hien. Qua
trnh phat se tiep tuc thc hien cho en khi gap tn hieu EOM th dng lai. Khi
hoan thanh mot chu ky phat th ISD1420 t ong vao che o ch va giam
nguon.
RECLED\_Record Led (25): Trong suot qua trnh thu th ngo ra cua
RECLED\ luon mc thap. No c s dung ieu khien Led e bao hieu qua
Trang 151
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
trnh thu ang dien ra. ong thi, RECLED\ cung xuong thap khi gap tn hieu
EOM trong qua trnh phat.
XCLK_ External(26) : Ngo nhap t ben ngoai vao. Neu ngo vao nay
khong dung th no phai c ket noi xuong Mass.
REC\ _ Record Input ( 27): ISD1420 se thc hien qua trnh thu khi tn
hieu xung nay xuong mc thap. Tn hieu nay phai luon c gi mc thap
trong qua trnh thu. Trong qua trnh thc hien phat ma REC\ xuong mc thap
th qua trnh phat tc th ket thuc va bat au qua trnh thu.
Mot qua trnh thu c hoan thanh khi REC\ c chuyen len mc cao
hay vung nh cua ISD a ay.
Mot tn hieu EOM se t ong chen vao cuoi qua trnh thu. Khi REC\ len
mc cao th ISD t ong vao che o ch va giam nguon.
4.4 Cac Mode hoat ong cua ISD1420
Bang Mode hoat ong cua ISD1420
Bang C- 12 : Bang cac Mode hoat ong cua ISD1420
Mode
Chc nang
Ket hp
A0
Nhay nhanh qua cac thong iep
A4
A1
Xoa con dau EOM\ cuoi cua thong iep
A3,A4
A2
Khong s dung
A3
Tiep tuc phat t a ch 00h
A1
A4
Thu/phat nhieu thong iep lien tiep
A0,A1
A5
Khong s dung
Hoat ong cua cac Mode
Khi mot trong hai bit A6 hoac A7 mc [0] th cac ngo vao t A0 en A7
la cac ngo vao a ch.
Khi ca hai bit A6 va A7 mc [1] th cac ngo vao khong phai la cac ngo
vao a ch ma la cac bit Mode. Co 2 ieu quan trong khi s dung Mode la :
Trc het tat ca cac hoat ong eu bat au a ch 0h. Sau o tat ca
cac hoat ong co the bat au a ch khac tuy thuoc vao cac Mode c
chon. ong thi a ch con tro se c Reset ve 0 khi ISD thay oi t t che
o thu sang phat, nhng khong chuyen t phat sang thu khi Mode A4 che o
hoat ong
Th hai, hoat ong che o Mode c thc thi khi bat ky ngo vao ieu
khien, chan PLAYL , chan PLAYE hay chan REC\ xuong mc thap va hai bit
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 152
Mode A6,A7 mc cao. Hoat ong Mode nay van tiep tuc cho ti khi cac tn
hieu ieu khien vao xuong mc thap,tai thi iem nay a ch/ mode hien tai
c lay mau va thc thi .
- Mode A0 : Mode nay cho phep ngi dung chuyen nhanh qua thong
iep , ma khong can biet a ch thc te cua moi thong iep. Moi khi co
canh xuong th a ch con tro se nhay en mot thong iep ke tiep. Mode
nay se c s dung ch che o phat va co the c ket hp vi hoat ong
Mode A4.
- Mode A1 : Mode A1 cho phep ghi tng oan thong iep e ket hp
thanh mot thong iep vi ch mot con dau EOM c at tai cuoi cua thong
iep cuoi cung va phat ch co mot thong iep.
- Mode A2: Khong s dung.
- Mode A3 : Hoat ong cua Mode A3 nay cho phep lap lai viec phat mot
thong iep t bo nh ban au. Mot thong iep co the chiem ay vung nh
cua ISD1420 va se c lap lai bat au t a ch cuoi. Xung tn hieu
PLAYL se bat au viec phat va xung PLAYE se ket thuc viec phat thong
iep.
- Mode A4 : Trong cac hoat ong bnh thng th a ch con tro se b
Reset khi mot thong iep c phat va gap tn hieu EOM. Mode A4 hoat
ong se ngan chan a ch con tro b Reset cho phep thong iep c ghi va
phat tr lai. Khi IC nay hoat ong trang thai tnh th khong thc hien viec
thu va phat, trong mot thi gian ngan chan nay xuong mc thap th se Reset
a ch xuong 0h.
- Mode A5 :Khong s dung.
4.5. Gian o thi gian thc hien viec Record va playback mot thong iep
Qui trnh thu thong iep :
at a ch cho cau thong bao
at mc logic cua chan PLAYL mc cao
at mc logic cua chan PLAYE mc cao
at mc logic cua chan REC mc thap
Khi o ta co the bat au thu cau thong bao vao Mic va thi gian thc
hien thu cau thong bao khong qua 20s.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 153
Gian o xung qua trnh thu thong iep.
Hnh C- 18 : Gian o qua trnh thu ISD1420

Qui trnh phat thong iep :
at a ch cho cau thong bao
at chan PLAYL mc 1
at chan RECORD mc 1
at chan PLAYE mc 0Luc nay cau thong bao se c phat cho ti
khi gap tn hieu xung EOM (End Of Message Output ) th mot cau thong bao
a c phat.
Gian o xung qua trnh phat thong iep.
Hnh C- 19 : Gian o qua trnh phat ISD1420

O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 154
5. Vi mach TL082
TL082 gom 2 vi mach thuat toan 741 trong cung mot vo. Vi mach thuat
toan tieu chuan 741 la loai vi mach n khoi tch hp ln c che tao theo
cong nghe mang mong. Nh kha nang tch hp ln nen pham vi ng dung
trong thc te rat rong rai va a dang.
u iem noi bat cua vi mach la lam viec tot mc ien ap thap en
5V, ngoai ra con co cac ac tnh chung nh sau :
Khong can bu tan so, tang o on nh che o lam viec tuyen tnh.
Co mach bao ve ngan va qua tai ngo ra.
Co o lech iem troi ve zero nho.
Khong b khoa neu tn hieu a en ngo vao khong thch hp.
He so nen ong pha ln.
Tieu hao cong suat nho.
5.1 Mo ta chan
Hnh C- 20 : S o chan Vi mach TL082

5.2 Cac tnh nang ky thuat
Ve mat nguyen ly, vi mach ly tng se co tong tr vao vo cung ln,
tong tr ra vo cung nho, toc o bam gi tn hieu ra vi tn hieu vao khong b
gii han va co bang thong rat rong.
o khuech ai ien ap hay o li: mach dung vong hoi tiep, goi la
vong h o li rieng vao khoang Av = 105 dB.
Tong tr vao : vai chuc M.
Tong tr ra : khoang 1 100 .
Dong phan cc ngo vao : khi dung transistor lng cc tang au vao,
gia tr IB = 0.1 0.8 A.
Trang 155
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Nguon cung cap : thong thng dung nguon lng cc e khai thac het
hieu suat cua vi mach. Gia tr s dung 5V.
Tn hieu vao khong vt qua Vcc. No c gii han gia tr toi a bi
Vcc. Gia tr cc ai cho phep thng nho hn Vcc t 12V.
6. Vi ieu khien AT89C51
Gii thieu cau truc phan cng AT89C51
6.1 . S o chan AT89C51
AT89C51 la IC vi ieu khien (Microcontroller) do hang Intel san xuat.
IC nay co ac iem nh sau:
4k byte ROM,128 byte RAM
4 Port I/O 8 bit.
2 bo em/ nh thi 16 bit.
Giao tiep noi tiep.
64k byte khong gian bo nh chng trnh m rong.
64k byte khong gian bo nh d lieu m rong.
Mot bo x ly luan ly (thao tac tren cac bt n).
210 bit c a ch hoa.
Bo nhan / chia 4.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
P1.0
P1.1
P1.2
P1.3
P1.4
P1.5
P1.6
P1.7
VCC
P0.0
P0.1
P0.2
P0.3
P0.4
P0.5
P0.6
P0.7
RESET
EA/VP
P3.0
P3.1
P3.2
P3.3
P3.4
P3.5
P3.6
P3.7
X2
X1
VSS
ALE/P
PSEN
P2.7
P2.6
P2.5
P2.4
P2.3
P2.2
P2.1
P2.0
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
Hnh C- 21 : S o chan vi ieu khien AT89C51

6.2. Chc nang cua cac chan AT89C51:
Port 0:
Trang 156
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
T chan 32 en chan 39 (P0.0 _P0.7). Port 0 co 2 chc nang: trong cac

thiet ke c nho khong dung bo nh m rong no co chc nang nh cac ng
IO, oi vi thiet ke ln, co bo nh m rong no c ket hp gia bus a ch
va bus d lieu.
Port 1:
T chan 1 en chan 9 (P1.0 _ P1.7). Port 1 la port IO dung cho giao tiep
vi thiet b ngoai neu can.
Port 2:
T chan 21 en chan 28 (P2.0 _P2.7). Port 2 la mot port co tac dung kep
dung nh cac ng xuat nhap hoac la byte cao cua bus a ch oi vi cac
thiet b dung bo nh m rong.
Port 3:
T chan 10 en chan 17 (P3.0 _ P3.7). Port 3 la port co tac dung kep. Cac
chan cua port nay co nhieu chc nang, co cong dung chuyen oi co lien he
en cac ac tnh ac biet cua 89C51 nh bang sau :
Bang C- 13 : Bang chc nang Port 3 Vi ieu khien AT89C51
Bit Ten
Chc nang chuyen oi
P3.0 RXD
Ngo vao d lieu noi tiep.
P3.1 TXD
Ngo xuat d lieu noi tiep.
P3.2 INT0\ Ngo vao ngat cng th 0.

P3.3 INT1\ Ngo vao ngat cng th 1.
P3.4 T0
Ngo vao TIMER/ COUNTER th 0.
P3.5 T1
Ngo vao cua TIMER/ COUNTER th 1.
P3.6 WR\
Tn hieu ghi d lieu len bo nh ngoai.
P3.7 RD\
Tn hieu oc bo nh d lieu ngoai.
PSEN (Program store enable):

PSEN la tn hieu ngo ra co tac dung cho phep oc bo nh chng trnh m
rong va thng c noi en chan OE\ cua Eprom cho phep oc cac byte ma
lenh.
PSEN mc thap trong thi gian 89C51 lay lenh. Cac ma lenh cua
chng trnh c oc t Eprom qua bus d lieu, c chot vao thanh ghi lenh
ben trong 89C51 e giai ma lenh. Khi 89C51 thi hanh chng trnh trong
ROM noi PSEN mc cao.
ALE (Address Latch Enable):
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 157
Khi 89C51 truy xuat bo nh ben ngoai, Port 0 co chc nang la bus a ch
va d lieu do o phai tach cac ng d lieu va a ch. Tn hieu ra ALE
chan th 30 dung lam tn hieu ieu khien e giai a hp cac ng a ch va
d lieu khi ket noi chung vi IC chot.
Tn hieu chan ALE la mot xung trong khoang thi gian port 0 ong vai
tro la a ch thap nen chot a ch hoan toan t ong.
EA\ (External Access):
Tn hieu vao EA\ chan 31 thng c mac len mc 1(mc cao) hoac
mc 0 (mc thap). Neu mc 1, 89C51 thi hanh chng trnh t ROM noi.
Neu mc 0, 89C51 thi hanh chng trnh t bo nh m rong. Chan EA\ c
lay lam chan cap nguon 21V khi lap trnh cho Eprom trong 89C51.
RST (Reset):
Khi ngo vao tn hieu nay a len mc cao t nhat 2 chu ky may, cac thanh
ghi ben trong c nap nhng gia tr thch hp e khi ong he thong. Khi cap
ien mach phai t ong reset.
Cac ngo vao bo dao ong X1, X2:
Bo tao dao ong c tch hp ben trong 89C51. Khi s dung 89C51,
ngi ta ch can noi them tu thach anh va cac tu. Tan so tu thach anh thng
la 12 Mh
Cac chan nguon :
89C51 van hanh vi nguon n +5V. Vcc c noi vao chan 40 va Vss
(GND) c noi vao chan 20.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 158
6.3. Cau truc ben trong cua 89C51

6.3.1. S o khoi ben trong 89C51:
Hnh C- 22 : S o cau truc ben trong IC AT89C51

Phan chnh cua vi ieu khien 89C51 la bo x ly trung tam(CPU: central
processing unit ) bao gom :
Thanh ghi tch luy A
Thanh ghi tch luy phu B, dung cho phep nhan va phep chia
n v logic hoc (ALU : Arithmetic Logical Unit )
T trang thai chng trnh (PSW : Prorgam Status Word)
Bon bang thanh ghi
Con tro ngan xep
Ngoai ra con co bo nh chng trnh, bo giai ma lenh, bo ieu khien
thi gian va logic.
n v x ly trung tam nhan trc tiep xung t bo dao ong, ngoai ra
con co kha nang a mot tn hieu gi nhp t ben ngoai.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 159
Chng trnh ang chay co the cho dng lai nh mot khoi ieu khien ngat
ben trong. Cac nguon ngat co the la : cac bien co ben ngoai , s tran bo
em nh thi hoac cung co the la giao dien noi tiep.
Hai bo nh thi 16 bit hoat ong nh mot bo em.
Cac cong (port0, port1, port2, port3 ). S dung vao muc ch ieu khien.
cong 3 co them cac ng dan ieu khien dung e trao oi vi mot bo
nh ben ngoai, hoac e au noi giao dien noi tiep, cung nh cac ng ngat
dan ben ngoai.
Giao dien noi tiep co cha mot bo truyen va mot bo nhan khong ong bo,
lam viec oc lap vi nhau. Toc o truyen qua cong noi tiep co the at trong
vay rong va c an nh bang mot bo nh thi.
Cac thanh ghi s dung e lu tr thong tin trong qua trnh x ly. Khi
CPU lam viec no lam thay oi noi dung cua cac thanh ghi.
6.3.2 Khao sat cac khoi nh ben trong AT89C51:
To chc bo nh:
89C51 co bo nh theo cau truc Harvard : co nhng vung cho bo nh
rieng biet cho chng trnh d lieu. Nh a noi tren, ca chng trnh va d
lieu co the ben trong AT89C51, du vay chung co the c m rong bang
cac thanh phan ngoai len en toi a 64 Kbytes bo nh chng trnh va 64
Kbytes bo nh d lieu.
Bo nh ben trong bao gom ROM (AT89C51) va RAM tren chip, RAM
tren chip bao gom nhieu phan : phan lu tr a dung, phan lu tr a ch hoa
tng bit, cac bank thanh ghi va cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet.
Hnh C- 23 : Tom tat cac vung bo nh cua 89C51

Ram ben trong 89C51 c phan chia nh sau:
- Cac bank thanh ghi co a ch t 00H en 1Fh.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 160
- Ram a ch hoa tng bit co a ch t 20H en 2FH.

- Ram a dung t 30H en 7FH.
- Cac thanh ghi chc nang ac biet t 80H en FFH.
Bang C- 14 : Bang to chc bo nh cua AT89C51
Ram a dung:
Moi a ch trong vung ram a dung eu co the c truy xuat t do dung
kieu a ch trc tiep hay gian tiep. V du e oc noi dung o nh a ch 5FH
cua ram noi vao thanh ghi tch luy A : MOV A,5FH.
Hoac truy xuat dung cach a ch gian tiep qua R0 hay R1. V du 2 lenh sau se
thi hanh cung nhiem vu nh lenh tren:
MOV R0, #5FH
Trang 161
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
MOV A , @R0
Ram co the truy xuat tng bit:
89C51 cha 210 bit c a ch hoa tng bit, trong o 128 bit cha cac
byte co a ch t 20H en 2FH, cac bit con lai cha trong nhom thanh ghi
chc nang ac biet.
Ytng truy xuat tng bit bang phan mem la mot ac tnh manh cua vi
ieu khien noi chung. Cac bit co the c at, xoa, and, or, vi 1 lenh n.
Ngoai ra cac port cung co the truy xuat c tng bt lam n gian phan mem
xuat nhap tng bit.
V du e at bit 67H ta dung lenh sau:
SETB 67H.
Cac bank thanh ghi:

Bo lenh 89C51 ho tr 8 thanh ghi co ten la R0 en R7 va theo mac nh
(sau khi reset he thong), cac thanh ghi nay cac a ch 00H en 07H. lenh
sau ay se oc noi dung a ch 05H vao thanh ghi tch luy: MOV A, R5.
ay la lenh 1 byte dung a ch thanh ghi. Tuy nhien co the thi hanh bang
lenh 2 byte dung a ch trc tiep nam trong byte th 2: MOV A, 05H.
Lenh dung cac thanh ghi R0 en R7 th se ngan hn va nhanh hn nhieu
so vi lenh tng ng dung a ch trc tiep.
Bank thanh ghi tch cc bang cach thay oi cac bit trong t trang thai
chng trnh (PSW). Gia s thanh ghi th 3 ang c truy xuat, lenh sau ay
se di chuyen noi dung cua thanh ghi A vao o nh ram co a ch 18H: MOV
R0, A.
Cac thanh ghi co chc nang ac biet:
AT89C51 co 21 thanh ghi chc nang ac biet (SFR: Special Funtion
Register) vung tren cua RAM noi t a ch 80H en FFH.
Chu y: tat ca 128 a ch t 80H en FFH khong c nh ngha, ch co
21 thanh ghi chc nang ac biet c nh ngha san cac a ch.
Thanh ghi trang thai chng trnh:
Thanh ghi trang thai chng trnh PSW (Program Status Word ) a ch
DOH cha cac bt trang thai nh bang sau:
Trang 162
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Bang C- 15 : Bang chc nang thanh ghi trang thai
Bit
Ky hieu a ch Y ngha
PSW.7 CY
D7H
C nh
PSW.6 AC
D6H
C nh phu
PSW.5 F0
D5H
C 0
PSW.4 RS1
D4H
Bit 1 chon bank thanh ghi
PSW.3 RS0
D3H
Bit 0 chon bank thanh ghi

00=bank 0: a ch 00H 07H
01=bank 1: a ch 08H 0FH
PSW.2 0V
D2H
C tran
PSW.1 _
D1H
D tr
PSW.0 P
D0H
C parity chan le.
C nh:
lai
C = 1 neu phep toan cong co tran hoac phep toan tr co mn va ngc

C = 0. V du neu thanh ghi A co gia tr FF th lenh sau:
ADD A, #1
Phep cong nay co tran nen bit C = 1 va ket qua trong thanh ghi A = 00H
C nh co the xem la thanh ghi 1 bit cho cac lenh luan ly thi hanh tren bit.
ANL C, 25H
C nh phu:
Khi cong cac so BCD, c nh phu AC = 1 neu ket qua 4 bit thap trong
khoang 0AH en 0FH. Ngc lai AC = 0.
C 0:
C 0 la mot bit c a dung danh cho cac ng dung cua ngi dung.
Cac bit chon back thanh ghi truy xuat:
Cac bit chon bank thanh ghi (RS0 va RS1) xac nh bank thanh ghi c
truy xuat. Chung c xoa sau khi reset he thong va c thay oi bang phan
mem neu can. V du lenh sau cho phep bank thanh ghi 3 va di chuyen noi
dung cua bank thanh ghi R7 (a ch bye 1FH) vao thanh ghi A:
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 163
SETB RS1
SETB RS0
MOV
A,R7
Thanh ghi B:
Thanh ghi B a ch F0H c dung cung vi thanh ghi tch luy A cho
cac phep toan nhan va chia. Lenh MUL AB se nhan cac gia tr khong dau 8
bit trong A va B roi tra ket qua ve 16 bit trong A (byte thap) va B (byte cao).
Lenh DIV AB se chia A cho B roi tra ket qua nguyen trong A va phan d
trong B. thanh ghi cung co the xem nh thanh ghi em a dung.
Con tro ngan xep:
Con tro ngan xep SP la mot thanh ghi 8 bit a ch 18H. No cha a ch
cua byte d lieu hien hanh tren nh cua ngan xep. Cac lenh tren ngan xep
bao gom cac lenh cat d lieu vao ngan xep va lay d lieu ra khoi ngan xep.
Lenh cat d lieu vao ngan xep se lam tang SP trc khi ghi d lieu va lenh
lay d lieu ra khoi ngan xep se lam giam SP. Ngan xep cua 89C51 c gi
trong ram noi va gii han cac a ch co the truy xuat bang a ch gian tiep,
chung la 128 byte au cua 89C51
e khi ong SP vi ngan xep bat au tai a ch 60 H, cac lenh sau ay
c dung:
MOV SP,#5FH
Khi Reset 89C51, SP se mang gia tr mac nh la 07H va d lieu au tien
se c cat vao o nh ngan xep co a ch la 08 H. Ngan xep c truy xuat
trc tiep bang cac lenh PUSH va POP e lu tr tam thi va lay lai d lieu
hoac truy xuat ngam bang lenh goi chng trnh con ACALL,LCALL va cac
lenh tr ve (RET. RETI) e lu tr gia tr cua bo em chng trnh khi bat
au thc hien chng trnh con va lay lai khi ket thuc chng trnh con.
Con tro d lieu
Con tro d lieu DPTR c dung e truy xuat bo nh ngoai la mot thanh
ghi 16 bit a ch 82H (DPL: byte thap) va 83H (DPH: byte cao). 3 lenh sau
se ghi 55H vao ram ngoai a ch 1000H:
MOV A,#55H
MOV DPTR, #1000H
MOVX @DPTR,A
Cac thanh ghi port xuat nhap:
Cac port cua 89C51 bao gom port 0 a ch 80H, port 1 a ch 90H,
port 2 a ch A0H, va port3 a ch B0H. tat ca cac port nay eu co the
truy xuat tng bit nen rat thuan tien trong kha nang giao tiep.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 164
Cac thanh ghi timer:

AT89C51 co cha 2 bo nh thi/ em 16 bit c dung cho viec nh thi
hoac em s kien. Timer 0 a ch 8AH (TL0: byte thap) va 8CH (TH0: byte
cao). Timer 1 a ch 8BH (TL1: byte thap) va 8DH (TH1: byte cao). Viec
khi ong timer c Set bi Timer Mode (TMOD) a ch 89H va thanh
ghi ieu khien timer (TCON) a ch 88H, ch co TCON c a ch hoa
tng bit.
Cac thanh ghi port noi tiep:
89C51 cha mot port noi tiep danh cho viec trao oi thong tin vi cac
thiet b noi tiep nh may tnh, modem hoac giao tiep noi tiep vi cac IC khac.
Mot thanh ghi goi la bo em d lieu noi tiep (SBUF) a ch 99H se gi ca 2
d lieu truyen va d lieu nhan. Khi truyen d lieu th ghi len SBUF, khi nhan
d lieu th oc SBUF. Cac mode van hanh khac nhau c lap trnh qua thanh
ghi ieu khien port noi tiep SCON a ch 98H.
Cac thanh ghi ngat:
89C51 co cau truc 5 nguon ngat, 2 mc u tien. Cac ngat b cam sau khi
reset he thong va se c cho phep bang viec ghi thanh ghi cho phep ngat
(IE) a ch A8H, ca 2 thanh ghi c a ch hoa tng bit.
Thanh ghi ieu khien cong suat:
Thanh ghi ieu khien cong suat (PCON) a ch 87H cha cac bit ieu
khien.
Tn hieu Reset:
89C51 co ngo vao reset RST tac ong mc cao trong khoang thi gian 2
chu ky, sau o xuong mc thap e 89C51 bat au lam viec. RST co the kch
bang tay bang mot phm nhan thng m.
Trang 165
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Sau khi reset he thong c tom tat nh sau:
Bang C- 16 : Bang trang thai sau khi reset
Thanh ghi
Noi dung
em chng trnh PC
0000H
Thanhghi tch luy A
00H
Thanh ghi B
00H
Thanh ghi trang thai
00H
SP
07H
DPTR
0000H
Port 0 en Port 3
FFH
IP
XXX0000 B
IE
0XX00000 B
Cac thanh ghi nh thi 00H

Thanh ghi quan trong nhat la thanh ghi bo em chng trnh PC c
Reset tai a ch 0000H. Khi ngo vao RST xuong mc thap, chng trnh luon
bat au tai a ch 0000H cua bo nh chng trnh. Noi dung cua Ram trong
chip khong b hay oi bi tac ong cua ngo vao Reset
6.3.3 .Hoat ong thanh ghi TIMER
89C51 co hai timer 16 bit, moi timer co bon cach lam viec. Ngi ta s
dung cac timer e:
- nh khoang thi gian.
- em s kien.
- Tao toc o baud cho port noi tiep trong 89C51.
Trong cac ng dung nh khoang thi gian, ngi ta lap trnh timer
nhng khoang eu an va at c tran timer. C c dung e ong bo hoa
chng trnh e thc hien mot tac ong nh kiem tra trang thai cua cac ngo
vao hoac gi s kien ra cac ngo ra. Cac ng dung khac co the s dung viec
tao xung nhp eu an cua timer e o thi gian troi qua gia hai s kien (v
du o o rong xung ).
Truy xuat cac timer cua 89C51 dung sau thanh ghi chc nang ac biet cho
trong bang sau:
Trang 166
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Bang C- 17 : Bang chc nang cac thanh ghi ac biet cua 89C51
SFR
Muc ch
TCON ieu khien Timer
TMOD Che o Timer
a ch a ch hoa tng bit

88H
Co
89H
Khong
TL0
Byte thap cua Timer 0 90H
Khong
TL1
TH0
TH1
Byte thap cua Timer 1 91H

Byte cao cua Timer 0 92H
Byte cao cua Timer 1 93H
Khong
Khong
Khong
Cac thanh ghi chc nang cua timer trong 89C51.

Thanh ghi che o timer (TMOD):
Thanh ghi TMOD cha hai nhom 4 bit dung e at che o lam viec cho
Timer 0, va Timer 1.
Bang C- 18 : Bang chc nang thanh ghi TMOD
Bit Ten
Timer Mo ta
7
GATE 1
Bit m cong, khi len 1 timer ch chay khi INT1 mc
cao
6
C/T
1
Bit chon che o Count/Timer
1 = bo em s kien
0 = bo nh khoang thi gian
5
M1
1
Bit 1 cua che o mode
4
M0
1
3
GATE 0
Bit m cong, khi len 1 timer ch chay khi INT0 mc
cao
2
C/T
0
Bit chon che o Count/Timer
1
M1
0
0
M0
0
Tom tat thanh ghi chc nang TMOD.
Thanh ghi ieu khien timer(TCON)
Thanh ghi TCON cha cac bit trang thai va cac bit ieu khien cho Timer
1, Timer 0.
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 167
Bang C- 19 : Bang chc nang thanh ghi TCON

Bit
TCON.7
Ky hieu
TF1
a ch Mo ta
8FH
C bao tran timer 1. at bi phan cng khi
tran, c xoa bi phan mem, hoac phan cng
khi bo x ly ch en chng trnh phuc vu ngat.
TCON.6 TR1
8EH
Bit ieu khien timer 1 chay at xoa bang phan
mem e cho timer chay ngng.
TCON.5 TF0
8DH
C bao tran Timer 0.
TCON.4 TR0
8CH
Bit ieu khien Timer 0 chay
TCON.3 IE1
8BH
C canh ngat 1 ben ngoai. at bi phan cng
khi phat hien mot canh xuong INT1 xoa
bang phan mem hoac phan cng khi CPU ch
en chng trnh phuc vu ngat.
TCON.2 IT1
8AH
C kieu ngat 1 ben ngoai. at xoa bang phan
mem e ngat ngoai tch cc canh xuong /mc
thap.
TCON.1 IE0
89H
C canh ngat 0 ben ngoai
TCON.0 IT0
88h
C kieu ngat 0 ben ngoai
Tom tat thanh ghi chc nang TCON
Khi ong va truy xuat thanh ghi timer:
Thong thng cac thanh ghi c khi ong mot lan au chng trnh
e at che o lam viec ung. Sau o, trong than chng trnh, cac thanh ghi
timer c cho chay, dng, cac bit c kiem tra va xoa, cac thanh ghi timer
c oc va cap nhat. theo oi hoi cac ng dung.
TMOD la thanh ghi th nhat c khi ong v no at che o hoat ong.
V du, cac lenh sau khi ong Timer 1 nh timer 16 bit (che o 1) co xung
nhp t bo dao ong ten chip cho viec nh khoang thi gian:
MOV TMOD, #1B
Lenh nay se at M1 = 1 va M0 = 0 cho che o 1, C/ T= 0 va GATE = 0
cho xung nhp noi va xoa cac bit che o Timer 0. D nhien, timer khong that
s bat au nh thi cho en khi bit ieu khien chay TR1 c at len 1.
Neu can so em ban au, cac thanh ghi TL1/TH1 cung phai c khi
ong. Mot khoang 100s co the c khi ong bang cach khi ong gia tr
cho TH1/TL1 la FF9CH:
MOV TL1, #9CH
MOV TH1, #0FFH
Roi timer c cho chay bang cach at bit ieu khien chay nh sau:
SETB TR1
Trang 168
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
C bao tran c t ong at len 1 sau 100s. Phan mem co the i trong
100 s bang cach dung lenh re nhanh co ieu kien nhay en chnh no trong
khi c bao tran cha c at len 1:
WAIT: JNB TF1, WAIT
Khi timer tran, can dng timer va xoa c bao tran trong phan mem:
CLR TR1
CLR TF1
6.3.4. Ngat ( INTERRUPT)
Mot ngat la s xay ra mot ieu kien, mot s kien ma no gay ra treo tam
thi thi chng trnh chnh trong khi ieu kien o c phuc vu bi mot
chng trnh khac.Cac ngat ong mot vai tro quan trong trong thiet ke va cai
at cac ng dung vi ieu khien. Chung cho phep he thong ap ng bat ong
bo vi mot s kien va giai quyet s kien o trong khi mot chng trnh khac
ang thc thi.
To chc ngat cua 89C51:
Co 5 nguon ngat 89C51: 2 ngat ngoai, 2 ngat t timer va 1 ngat port noi
tiep. Tat ca cac ngat theo mac nhien eu b cam sau khi reset he thong va
c cho phep tng cai mot bang phan mem.
Khi co hai hoac nhieu ngat ong thi, hoac mot ngat xay ra khi mot ngat
khac ang c phuc vu, co ca hai s tuan t hoi vong va s o u tien hai
mc dung e xac nh viec thc hien cac ngat. Viec hoi vong tuan t th co
nh nhng u tien ngat th co the lap trnh c.
Cho phep va cam ngat :
Moi nguon ngat c cho phep hoac cam ngat qua mot thanh ghi chc
nang ac biet co nh a ch bit IE ( Interrupt Enable : cho phep ngat )
a ch A8H.
Bang C- 20 : Bang hoat ong ngat cua 89C51
Bit Ky hieu a ch bit Mo ta
IE.7 EA
AFH
Cho phep / Cam toan bo
IE.6 _
AEH
Khong c mo ta
IE.5 ET2
ADH
IE.4 ES
ACH
IE.3 ET1
ABH
IE.2 EX1
AAH
IE.1 ET0
A9H
IE.0 EX0
A8H
Tom tat thanh ghi IE
Cho phep ngat t Timer 2 (89C52)

Cho phep ngat port noi tiep
Cho phep ngat t Timer 1
Cho phep ngat ngoai 1
Cho phep ngat t Timer 0
Cho phep ngat ngoai 0
Trang 169
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Cac c ngat :
Khi ieu kien ngat xay ra th ng vi tng loai ngat ma loai c o c

at len mot e xac nhan ngat.
Bang C- 21 : Bang hoat ong c ngat
Ngat
Ben ngoai 0 IE0

Ben ngoai 1 IE1
Timer 1
TF1
Timer 0
TF0
Port noi tiep TI
Port noi tiep RI
Cac loai c ngat
Thanh ghi SFR va v tr bit

TCON.1
TCON.3
TCON.7
TCON.5
SCON.1
SCON.0
Cac vector ngat :

Khi chap nhan ngat, gia tr c nap vao PC c goi la vector ngat. No
la a ch bat au cua ISR cho nguon tao ngat, cac vector ngat c cho
bang sau :
Bang C- 22 : Bang hoat ong cua vector ngat
Ngat
C
a ch vector
Reset he thong RST
0000H
Ben ngoai 0
IE0
0003H
Timer 0
TF0
000BH
Ben ngoai 1
IE1
0013H
Timer 1
TF1
001BH
Port noi tiep
TI va RI 0023H
Timer 2
002BH
Vector Reset he thong (RST a ch 0000H) c e trong bang nay v
theo ngha nay, no giong ngat : no ngat chng trnh chnh va nap cho PC
gia tr mi.
7. ac iem tn hieu hong ngoai cua Remote Sony
Remote Sony s dung phng thc o rong bit.
Mot bit c chia lam hai phan, na trai va na phai.
Gia s thi gian nho nhat la T, vi T=600s.
Bit 0 c truyen vi na trai la mc thap vi thi gian la -T va na phai
la mc cao vi thi gian la +T. Bit 1 c truyen vi na trai la mc thap vi
thi gian la -T va na phai la mc cao vi thi gian la +2T.
V vay bit 0 co o rong la 1200s, va bit 1 co o rong la 1800s
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 170
Hnh C- 24 : Phng thc ma hoa bit trong Remote Sony

Mc cao (+T), tn hieu hong ngoai c truyen vi tan so song mang la
36KHz, trong khi mc thap co ngha la khong co tn hieu hong ngoai c
truyen i.
Neu ta s dung mot bo thu hong ngoai, ta se thay dang song ngo ra b ao
ngc lai. ieu o co ngha la, khi ngo ra xuong mc thap, tn hieu hong
ngoai c truyen vi tan so song mang la 36KHz, con khi ngo ra mc cao
khi khong co tn hieu hong ngoai c truyen i.
e tiet kiem nguon nang lng (pin) cung cap cho remote hoat ong, hau
het cac nha san xuat thc hien nen thi gian mc cao con lai
5
3
hoac
6
4
o rong so vi tn hieu ban au. Khi thc hien ieu nay, mot nguon pin s
dung trong 500 gi (oi vi phng thc au tien) se c keo dai c 600
5
6
3
4
gi ( ) hoac 800 gi ( ).
Mot so nha san xuat th khong quan tam en van e nay, va tang cng tn
hieu truyen bang cach m rong thi gian mc cao.
Ten thc te, dang song cua mot mot remote Sony RM-Y123 co dang nh
sau:
Hnh C- 25 : Phng thc ma hoa bit trong Remote Sony (m rong thi
gian mc cao)
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Trang 171
Theo gian o tren ta thay mc cao c truyen vi t le thi gian la
7
6
Xet mot khung truyen cua tn hieu:

- au tien la bit Start vi o rong la 3T, hay 1800s
- Ke tiep theo la mot chuoi 12 bit, bit 0 co na trai la 500s va na phai
la 700s, bit 1 co na trai la 500s va na phai la 1300s.
- Bit c truyen ngay sau bit Start la bit co trong so thap nhat (LSB),
cac bit c at ten t trai sang phai, au tien la B0 va cuoi cung la
B12.
- 7 bit t B0 en B6 la ma lenh (Command Code). 5 bit t B7 en B12
la a ch thiet b (Device Address).
Hnh C- 26 : Khung truyen cua tn hieu hong ngoai trong Remote Sony
Trong hnh v du tren ma lenh (Command) la 16h (hexa) va a ch
thiet b (Address) la 02h (hexa).
Neu ta nhan va gi phm nhan cua remote, th khung truyen tren se
c lap lai sau thi gian la 25ms.
Mot cach n gian e co the giai ma remote Sony la xac khoang thi
gian ton tai cua mot bit. Bit 1 co thi gian ton tai mc cao dai hn bit 0.
Neu ta s dung mot bo thu hong ngoai e thu nhan tn hieu nay, dang
song se ao ngc nh hnh di, mc cao tr thanh mc thap va ngc
lai.
Trang 172
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
Hnh C- 27 :Khung truyen cua tn hieu tai ngo ra cua bo thu hong ngoai
Bang liet ke cac ma ieu khien cua Remote Sony
Bang C- 23 : Bang liet ke cac ma ieu khien cua Remote Sony
Device Address
Command Description
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
01
14h
36h
15h
00h
01h
02h
03h
04h
05h
06h
07h
08h
09h
3Ah
0Bh
0Eh
3Bh
12h
13h
10h
11h
16h
74h
75h
60h
65h
Muting
Sleep
Power
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
Display
Enter
Ch Guide
Jump
Volume Up
Volume Down
Channel Up
Channel Down
Reset
R+
LMenu
Return
Trang 173
O AN TOT NGHIEP.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

TL TK
1.
Chau Kim Lang

Phng phap nghien cu khoa hoc, HSPKT.TPHCM, 1989
2.
Tong Van On, Hoang c Hai
Ho Vi ieu Khien 8051,Nha xuat ban lao ong-xa hoi Ha Noi, Ha
Noi, 2001.
3.
Le Van Thanh
Nguyen ly Tong ai ien t, Trung tam ao tao Bu chnh vien
thong II,1996
4.
Ngo Dien Tap
Vi x ly trong o lng va ieu khien, Nha xuat ban khoa hoc va ky
thuat
5.
Nguyen nh Phu
Lch s phat trien Vi X Ly, HSPKT.TPHCM, 1998
6.
Dng Minh Tr
S o chan linh kien ban dan, Nha xuat ban KHHT, 1997
7.
Nguyen Hu Phng
Mach so, Trng ai Hoc Tong Hp TP. HCM, 1988.
8.
Vng Khanh Hng
T hoc sa cha ien thoai ban, 2002, Trang 11 15.
9.
Nguyen Tan Phc
Giao trnh mach ien t, Nha xuat ban TP.HCM, 2000.
10.
Paul Bates, P. Eng
Truyen d lieu s dung vi mach LSI, Tong Van On (dch ), HBK
TP.HCM, 1994
11.
Le Huynh Xuan
He thong ieu khien thiet b t xa va t ong quay so, o an Tot
nghiep, 2000.
12.
Http ://www.ISD.com
Http ://www.MT.com
Http ://www.Atmel.com

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BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO

TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP.HCM

THIET KE VA THI CONG MO

TP. HO CH MINH - 02 / 2004

BO GIAO DUC & AO TAO

CONG HOA XA HOI CHU NGHA VIET NAM

NHIEM VU O AN TOT NGHIEP

2. Cac so lieu ban au :

Thong qua bo mon

BAN NHAN XET

BAN NHAN XET

----- oOo ----GVHD : Th.S TA CONG C

PHAN A. GII THIEU

PHAN B. NOI DUNG

3.4. Ly thuyet ve mach khuech ai. ....................................................18

5.3. Chng trnh phuc vu ngat phm...................................................77

6.4.5. Gii thieu giao dien ieu khien ..............................................128

PHAN C. PHU LUC TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

LIET KE CAC BANG

1 : Bang hoat ong cac chan cua IC AT24C08 ..............................134

LIET KE CAC HNH

Hnh 6 - 1 : S o chan cong may in( Jack c) ..............................................97

Hnh C- 4 : Gian o xung Start va Stop.........................................................136

Chng 1. Dan nhap.

Chng 1. Dan nhap.

2.1. Dan y nghien cu.

GII THIEU LY THUYET

3.1. Gii thieu tong quan ve tong ai ien thoai

Chng 3. Gii thieu ly thuyet lien quan.

ban th mot ng noi c noi vi cac ng trung ke c chon e

Ngoai ra, e hoat ong giao tiep c de dang, tong ai gi mot so tn

Hnh 3 - 1 : Dang song tn hieu chuong

Hnh 3 - 2 :Dang song tn hieu mi quay so

Chng 3. Gii thieu ly thuyet lien quan.

Hnh 3 - 3 :Dang song tn hieu bao ban

Hnh 3 - 4 : Dang song tn hieu bao ban

Chng 3. Gii thieu ly thuyet lien quan.

Hnh 3 - 5 : Dang song tn hieu ao cc

Hnh 3 - 7 : Trung ke CO- line

Ket noi hai day cap.

Hnh 3 - 8 : Trung ke hai chieu

Chng 3. Gii thieu ly thuyet lien quan.

Chng 3. Gii thieu ly thuyet lien quan.

Cac gia tr mau

Phm Tan so thap (Hz) Tan so cao (Hz)

S quay so bang phng phap DTMF co the nhanh gap 10 lan so vi

Neu cac ng day noi thong thoai eu b ban th tong ai se cap tn

Hnh 3 - 9 : S o qui trnh van hanh ien thoai ban

Phat lien tuc

3.4. Ly thuyet ve mach khuech ai.

Hnh 3 - 10 :Bo khuech ai thuat toan(BKTT)

Vd :ien ap vao hieu.

Chng 3. Gii thieu ly thuyet lien quan.

Hnh 3 - 11 : Mach khuech ai khong ao

3.4.2. Mach khuech ai ao

Hnh 3 - 12 : Mach khuech ai ao

Chng 3. Gii thieu ly thuyet lien quan.

Theo tnh chat cua OP-AMP

Hnh 3 - 13 : Mach khuech ai em

AT89C55. . . e thc hien, hoac co the m rong them bo nh d lieu va bo

Hnh 3 - 14 :S o chan cua AT89C51 (PDIP).

Chng 3. Gii thieu ly thuyet lien quan.

Hnh 3 - 16 : S o ket noi cua Vi ieu khien