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THONG TIN CHUNG BO TR CONG TRNG CONG TAC TRAC AT CONG TAC VAN KHUON CONG TAC THEP CONG TAC LAP AT CAP D NG LC CONG TAC BE TONG CONG TAC XAY CONG TAC TRAT CONG TAC LAT CONG TAC OP CONG TAC TRAN THACH CAO CONG TAC SON CONG TAC CHONG THAM CONG TAC LAP AT MAI CHE CONG TAC LAP AT THIET B VE SINH, TU BEP CONG TAC LAP CA CONG TAC NGHIEM THU

CNG TR NH: CAO C SATRA EXI MLAND

THONG TIN CHUNG Cong trnh CAO OC SATRA EXIM gom: 2 tang ham, tang tret, 18 tang lau, tng k thut va mai. Hai tang ham a c thi cong xong phan be tong cot thep.Cong trnh c xay dng tren khuon vien vi dien tch 3200 m2 . Toa lac tai so 163, Phan ang Lu, Phng 1, Quan Phu Nhuan, TP.HCM.
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Ket cau chnh cua cong trnh:

Thi cong phan ket cau ben tren: o Cot, dam, san betong cot thep t tang tret en mai. o Mai bang betong cot thep.
o

Tng ben trong hoan thien sn nc.

BO TR CONG TRNG Da vao nhng ac iem tren, chung toi se bo tr cong trnh nh sau: - e thi cong nham am bao my quan va an ninh trat t cho khu vc xung quanh, chung toi se lap dng hang rao bao che khu vc thi cong va bo tr bao ve trc tai cong trng trong qua trnh thi cong. Bo tr 1 cong ra vao tren ng Phan ang Lu (theo nh hien trang khu at)
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V mat bang thi cong kha chat hep nen e xuat cua chung toi la: Van phong cho Chu au t, van phong t van, van phong Ban Ch huy cong trng, thau phu se c at tang ham 1, xng gia cong cot thep, gia cong van khuon c at san tret ngoai khu vc phan than.
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Bo tr 1 be nc co bm e ra banh xe tai, xe betong ti.

e tranh ong nc, cong trnh c bo tr he thong mng thoat nc tam thi ra cac cong thoat nc cua khu vc. - Cot thep, van khuon c gia cong tai cong trng. Be tong s dung betong ti t nha may. Viec o betong se c chu yeu thi hanh bang cau, may bm. Cac vat lieu nh gach, cot thep, cat, a v.vse c cung cap dan dan tai cong trng va chat tai bai vat lieu. Sau o se c boc len khu vc thi cong bang van thang. - Khi thi cong tren cao, mat ngoai gian giao co li nha phu 4 mat e am bao an toan thi cong cho cong nhan va tranh bui bam, gach ri vai cho khu vc xung quanh, am bao ve sinh moi trng chung quanh.

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- Bo tr 2 tram tron ho thuan tien cho viec tiep nhan cat, ximang e cung cap va xay dng. Bo tr 1 ong ln o rac co mieng nhan rac moi tang e o rac hang ngay.
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Thiet b nang vat lieu: s dung 1 cau thap & 1 van thang.

To chc chuyen nghiep hoa cac oi: nham giam gia thanh khi x ly cac cong tac ky thuat cung loai giong nhau chung toi bo tr nh sau:

oi thi cong xay dng: phu trach phan xay dng tho, hoan thien. oi c kh: Gia cong cac cau kien kim loai. oi thi cong ien + nc: Thi cong he thong ien nc tam e phuc vu qua trnh thi cong. Thi cong phan be tong cot thep phan than. Hoan thien phan than: to trat, op tng, lat nen, tran & sn.. Hoan thien tang ham: to trat, op tng, lat nen, tran & sn. Hoan thien san vn, va he, hang rao

Trnh t thi cong cac cong tac:

Vi cac cong tac noi tren, CONG TY TNHH TM DV XD TRAN VIET THI CONG CAO OC SATRA EXIMLAND 565 ngay (ke t ngay ky hp ong) CONG TAC TRAC AT Trac at la mot cong tac rat quan trong trong viec tien hanh thi cong bat c cong trnh nao. Chat lng cua bat c cong trnh xay dng nao eu do cong tac tren chi phoi, viec chon la bien phap va phng phap tien hanh rat quan trong oi hoi phai rat can than va chnh xac. Tien hanh cac bc nh sau: Ban Ve la khau au tien va quan trong nhat do Chu au T phat hanh co gia tr phap ly n v thi cong tien hanh kiem tra s bo kch thc cua ban ve e co the d oan phng an tien hanh thi cong.
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- Bien Ban ban giao Tim Moc cho n v thi cong tien hanh trien khai bao gom: Moc Goc nh V Cong Trnh, Phng Chuan cua cong trnh, cao o cong trnh sao cho co the tien hanh thi cong nh v cong trnh c thuan tien va chnh xac bo tr cac moc gi e kiem tra trong suot qua trnh thi cong Tien hanh kiem tra Tim Moc, hng cao o c giao trc khi tien hanh nh v cong trnh
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- Can c tren bien ban ban giao tim moc tien hanh nh v khoi cong trnh co nh sau: Khong Che cac goc cong trnh tranh tnh trang sai so vt nhp cong trnh, Khong che sai so trong pham vi thi cong cong trnh. Co the tan dung toi a mat bang e co the thc hien thi cong c de dang - Co The lam iem nh v cong trnh khi tat ca li truc gi b vn pham vi thi cong may trac at (trong suot qua trnh trac at co s phoi hp kiem tra cac ben tham gia nham tranh sai so cho qua trnh thi cong - Tien hanh gi he truc cong trnh cu the la sau khi tien hanh nhan ban giao tim moc cong trnh n v thi cong tien hanh gi toan bo li truc pha trc cong trnh, hay xay dng he truc gi pha trong cong trng co the bao quan trong qua trnh thi cong CONG TAC VAN KHUON Van khuon cot: Sau khi lap dng dung qua doi, thc, ke vuong kiem tra o thang ng, kch thc hnh hoc cua van khuon roi mi tien hanh o betong.
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e chnh cac cot chung toi se dung cay chong co tang lien ket vi mat san be tong bang con coc, con coc c at va nh v v tr luc o be tong san .
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- Vat lieu s dung cho van khuon:

+

Van ep day 18mm, s dung sat hop 50x50 lam nep tao sn ng, 2 C80 lam nep tao sn ngang. e chong phnh s dung ti bulong 10 (theo ban ve bien phap van khuon tng cot).

+ Cay chong: chu yeu bang ong thep co tang-.

-

Van khuon dam san:

Tang 1 en tang 6 s dung he chong la gian giao co ien, tang 6 en tang 18 s dung he chong la gian giao efco (theo ban ve bien phap thi cong van khuon dam san) - Gia cong van khuon bang phang, ung kch thc hnh hoc e lam van khuon dam. S dung dan giao sat va cay chong thep lam he thong cay chong cho van khuon dam, pha tren dan giao sat at hang sat hop 45x90 lien ket chat vi dan giao e dam ay a. - Trc khi lap dng van khuon tien hanh dung may thuy bnh dan cot chuan cua cong trnh vao cac cot a o betong e lay cot cao o cua ay a. - au tien tien hanh trai van ay a trc, sau o tien hanh tan van thanh va dung nep go gi chan (a=300) e nh v v tr, kch thc hnh hoc, gi on nh cho van khuon a.

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- ong cac con bo gi ay san va dai he thong dam van khuon san (bang sat hop 45x90) khoang cach a=500. Dung sat hop 45x90 chong ng, lien ket cac dam san vi dan sat hop 45x90 a trai san tren gian giao sat. - Sau khi lap dng van khuon a dung may kinh v, may thuy bnh, thc o, ke vuong, kiem tra bang phang, tim cot, kch thc cua cac cau kien. - Dung trc giac kiem tra o kn kht cua van khuon a, san neu con h th dung giay va keo tram lai cho kn. - Vat lieu s dung cho van khuon: + Van ep day 18mm, s dung sat hop 50x50, 45x90 e ay a, san. e chong phnh s dung bulong 10. + Cay chong: chu yeu bang gian dao sat, ong thep co tang sat hop. CONG TAC COT THEP Gia cong cot thep: o Sa thang va anh g: Sa thang cot thep: - Bang bua ap : Ap dung cho cac thanh cot thep nho cong queo - Bang may uon : Ap dung cho cac thanh cot thep co ng knh ln hn 24 mm - Bang ti : Ap dung cho thep cuon hoac co the dung gap neu khong co ti anh g: - Bang ban chai sat : Ap dung cho moi loai cot thep - Bang sc ngi keo qua cac ong cat nham hat - Neu trong qua trnh sa thang bang ti th khong can anh g, bi v trong qua trnh keo thang day thep gian ra lam bong cac vay g set May nan thang va cat cot thep: - Ap dung cho moi loai thep, no se t ong nan thang, lam sach g va cat thanh nhng oan theo yeu cau o Cat va uon: Cat: - Phai cat cot thep theo yeu cau cua thiet ke. - Dao cat dung sc ngi : Ch cat c nhng thanh thep co ng knh di 12mm

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- May cat : cat c nhng thanh thep co ng knh ti 40 mm Uon: - Phai uon cot thep theo yeu cau thiet ke cua ban ve - Bang tay : Dung bang cang cua ch uon c nhng thanh cot thep co ng knh ti 25mm - Bang may uon : Uon c nhng thanh cot thep co ng knh ln hn 25mm - Chu y : khi uon cong th cot thep dai them: + Uon cong 450 cot thep dai them 0.5d + Uon cong 900 cot thep dai them 1d + Uon cong 1800 cot thep dai them 1.5d o
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Noi cot thep: Muon co nhng thanh cot thep dai hoac muon tan dung cac oan cot thep ngan th phai noi chung

Noi thu cong: Buoc noi cot thep bang cac day kem deo va tuan thu theo cac qui tac sau: - oi vi thep trn:
+

at vung be tong chu keo th 2 au cot thep phai uon cong thanh moc va at chap len nhau mot oan dai 50d,va dung day kem deo quan quanh cho uon at vung be tong chu nen th khong can uon moc, nhng cung phai uon day thep quanh cho noi, oan chap nhau phai dai 50d

- oi vi thep gai:
+

at vung be tong chu keo th khong can phai uon moc nhng cung phai uon day thep quanh cho noi, oan chap nhau phai dai t 35d at vung be tong chu nen th khong can phai uon moc nhng cung phai quan day thep quanh cho noi, oan chap nhau phai t 35d

Buoc cot thep thanh li, thanh khung: Thep cot: - Noi thep doc vao thep ch - Long thep ai vao

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- Dung day kem buoc thep ai vao thep chu - Dung day kem co nh tam khung thep cot Thep dam: - Long thep ai vao thep chu - Dch chuyen ca bo (thep chu va thep ai ) vao v tr thiet ke - Dung day kem buoc thep ai vao thep chu - Ky s giam sat va cai tien hanh kiem tra Thep san : - oi vi thep mot lp + Dung phan anh dau v tr cac thanh thep san vao cop pha san + at cot thep vao v tr a anh dau + Dung day kem/may han e buoc/han tai nhng iem giao nhau cua li thep + Ky s giam sat va cai tien hanh kiem tra - oi vi thep 2 lp th ta tien hanh lam lp thep ben di trc lp tren sau + Dung li anh dau v tr cua nhng cay thep vao cop pha san + Dung day kem buoc nhng thanh thep con coc vao v tr thiet ke vao lp tren e lp thep tren + at thep ung v tr a anh dau + Dung day kem buoc nhng cho giao nhau cua li thep + Ky s giam sat va cai tien hanh kiem tra Ghi chu : Neu khung cot thep lai lam bang thep hnh e chu lc thi cong th khi han lien ket chung phai theo nhng ch dan trong qui pham ky thuat cua gia cong cac ket cau thep Ky thuat an toan lao ong: Nhng may gia cong cot thep phai at trong xng gia cong cot thep hoac at trong mot khu vc co rao dau rieng biet va phai do chnh cong nhan chuyen nghiep s dung
o

o Ni cang cac cuon cot thep phai c rao dau rieng biet, cach xa ni cong nhan ng va qua lai toi thieu la

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3m. Trc khi keo phai kiemtra day cap keo va iem noi day keo vao cac au cot thep o Vo cac ong c ien, may phat ien, may bien the, may han eu phai c tiep at. Trc khi han phai kiem tra lai vo cach ien cua kep gi que han xem con tot khong. ong m mach ien han bang cau dao che kn. Ngi th han phai c trang b mat na e bao ve mat va mat khoi nhng tia la ban ra o Khi phai han ngoai tri, can che cho cac thiet b han, khi tri ma giong phai ngng cong viec han ngay. o Khi han trong cac ng ong ngam hoac trong cac be cha kn phai am bao viec quat gio thong kh va co u anh sang. Khi han tren cac dan dao cao phai co bien phap bao ve nhng ngi ben di khoi b nhng tia la han ri xuong o Khi at cot thep can chu y may iem sau:

- Khi at cot thep cot, tng va nhng ket cau thang ng cao tren 3m th c 2m cao phai lam mot san cong tac rong tren 1m co lan cang cao 0.8m. Cam khong c ng tren cac thanh cua khung cot thep e buoc va han - Khi lap buoc cot thep cho nhng dam rieng le (ngha la au dam khong lien san) th phai ng tren san cong tac mot ben cua hop cop pha dam. Sau khi at cot thep xong cho dam ngi th van ng tren san cong tac o ma ma lap cop pha thanh cua hop cop pha dam - Cam khong c xep d tr qua nhieu cot thep tren san cong tac - Khi at cot thep ben canh hay ben di ng day ien (day ien en e at cot thep vao ca em ) can co bien phap phong nga cot thep cham vao day ien CONG TAC LAP AT CAP D NG LC Cap c van chuyen en cong trng se c nghiem thu chung loai, chat lng trc khi lu kho. nh v v tr ng ong at cap, lap at va co nh ng ong at cap. Lap at au neo cap CONG TAC BETONG

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CNG TR NH: CAO C SATRA EXI MLAND

- Tuy theo tieu chuan a thoa thuan trong hp ong cong tac thi cong o be tong tai cong trng se c hien theo hai phng thc la : + Mua be tong ti a tron san ch en cong trng. + ong lng cap phoi vat lieu va tron tai cong trng. Noi dung hung dan cong tac o betong dung betong ti: - Be tong c hang cung ng tron san va ch en bang xe bon en cong trng. Tai cong trng can kiem tra cac bc sau :
o

Chat lng be tong :

Moi xe bon ch be tong eu kem theo 1 phieu giao hang the hien cac thong tin ve chat lng be tong. - So sanh mac be tong theo ban ve thiet ke va phieu giao hang. ung sai

- Thi gian t luc xuat xng, ch en cong trng va xa ra o khong c qua 1.5 gi. at yeu cau Khong at

- o sut cua be tong kiem tra bang non cut so vi o sut trong phieu giao hang va o sut yeu cau theo phng phap o (o xa: o sut 8-10 cm), (o bm: o sut 11-12 cm). at yeu cau
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Khong at

Lay mau be tong (4 khoi 15x15x15 cm) cho moi t 20m thc hien, co dan ky hieu rieng e anh dau tren mau va khu vc o tren ban ve. Co thc hien - Ky hieu yeu cau u cac thong tin : + Ngay o : + Cau kien: (san, a, cot .. ) + V tr me o : (t truc nao, en truc nao,tang th may) o
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Khong lam

Thiet b, dung cu va nhan lc:

Khi o 20 m be tong can toi thieu 1 am dui, o 40 m can toi thieu 2 am dui hoat ong song song, cao, cuoc, xeng xuc be tong toi thieu 5 cai.

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Khi o 20 m be tong can toi thieu 4 cong nhan (o xa), 3 cong nhan (o bm).
-

Khi o 40 m can toi thieu 8 cong nhan (o xa), 6 cong nhan (o bm).
-

Dng ho be tong:

- Sau khi o be tong xong 3 gi can ti nc dng ho be tong lan th nhat, sau o c 2 gi ti 1 lan (khoang 4 lan) cho ngay au, cac ngay ke tiep 3 lan/ngay keo dai trong 1 tuan. u so lt lam Noi dung hung dan cong tac o betong tai cong trng: Thong thng nen s dung may tron 250 lt e tron moi me 1 bao xang. Tai cong trng can kiem tra cac bc nh sau: o Chat lng be tong: Co thc hien Khong

- De nhat la dung thung sn nc 20 lt e ong lng cot lieu a cat tnh so lng thung 20 lt a va cat nap vao may ng vi moi me tron 1 bao xang 50 kg theo mac thiet ke. Thieu u D

- o sut cua be tong kiem tra bang non cut so vi o sut yeu cau theo phng phap o :(o xa : 10-11cm), (o bm : 11-12cm) Lay mau be tong (4 khoi 15x15x15cm) cho moi t 10m thc hien, co dan ky hieu rieng e anh dau tren mau va khu vc o tren ban ve
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- Ky hieu yeu cau u cac thong tin : + Ngay o : + Cau kien (a, san, cot...) + V tr me o: (t truc nao en truc nao, tang th may) u o
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Khong u

Khong co

Thiet b, dung cu va nhan lc:

Khi o 5m be tong can toi thieu 1 am dui va mot may tron. Khi o 15m can toi thieu 2 am dui, 2 may tron hoat ong song song, cao, cuoc, xeng xuc can toi thieu 5 cai.
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Khi o 5m be tong can toi thieu 6 cong nhan (o xa), 9 cong nhan (o dung ti xang keo).
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Khi o 15m be tong can toi thieu 12 cong nhan (o xa), 18 cong nhan (o dung ti xang keo).
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Dng ho be tong:

- Yeu cau thc hien giong phng phap dung be tong ti u so lt CONG TAC XAY Cong tac chuan b: - Kiem tra lai co nh cua gian giao, v tr thao tac, li bao ho khi len cao, bao che pha tren khi thao tac pha di trong khi cac bo phan khac ang lam viec ben tren. Noi chung tuyet oi tuan thu ATL theo quy nh chung cua noi qui cong trnh. - Trc khi xay can kiem tra cac ng tim, truc tng va cao o chuan theo ban ve qui nh. Chuan b ay u vat lieu, dung cu, ti t gach trc, ngay khi van chuyen gach phai chon trc nhng vien gach co goc canh can oi, sap xep gach nhe nhang, khong lam st v cac goc canh. oi vi va, co khi tng trong va tng ngoai dung va co Mac khac nhau, cho nen phai noi ro cho nhng ngi van chuyen va biet e khoi b lan lon. Hung dan cong viec: Do y nghia va ac thu cua cong tac xay nen khi xay can phai chu y cac van e sau: - Khoi xay phai ong ac va vng chac : tc la phai bao am sau khi xay xong, moi bo phan xay phai tr thanh mot khoi hoan chnh, trong o cac vien gach phai c gan chac vi nhau, khong con khe h hay co the bong ri ra c . Muon vay, phai tron va that eu va deo dnh, ung lieu lng va s dung ung cho, ung quy tac. Mach va phai no ay va ung o day can thiet, v va chu nen kem hn gach rat nhieu, neu mach va day qua th se lam giam sc chu nen cua khoi xay, neu mong qua th cung khong u sc gan chat cac vien gach vi nhau . Trung bnh mach va co the day t 8 12 mm. - Trong khi xay, khong c chen nhieu gach v, gach vun, nhat la nhng bo phan chu sc nen nhieu (tr trng hp that can thiet), v chen triet nhieu th phai tang va nhieu, khoi xay se yeu i. ong thi, cac vien gach can c nhung nc ra
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Co thc hien

Khong lam

CNG TR NH: CAO C SATRA EXI MLAND

sach bui bam, at cat trc khi xay, e bao am cho chung co the bam chat vao va va gan chac vi nhau. Khi xay tng gach phai thc hien nguyen tac tren an day, di an m: tren an day co ngha la canh tren cua vien gach phai theo sat day cang, v tr cua day cang thng cao hn canh vien gach na lang mot t e cho day co the rung ong theo mat ngang, khi b vong cung de phat hien. di an m co ngha la canh di cua vien gach phai thang eu vi canh tren cua vien gach lp di .
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- Khi xay phai biet chon gach. Khi cam mot vien gach trong tay can xoay vien gach xem mat nao can oi, vuong van th at pha ngoai. Nhng th ne lau nam co nhieu kinh nghiem, thng moi lan nhat mot vien gach la nhanh tr chu y ngay hai vien xay tiep theo, nh trc la se nhat vien nao e xay vao cho nao, v vay ho nhat gach rat chnh xac tng xay rat eu va ep. - Khi xay vien gach phai at that bang phang, rai va eu, khong nen mot ben day mot ben mong lam cho vien gach b nghieng. Neu tao thanh thoi quen nh vay, th mat tng xay xong se b gu hoac trung, co trng hp tng tuy thang ng nhng mat tng gho ghe. V vay khi xay xong mot vien gach phai ngam xem no co bang phang khong, mach co eu khong, mat gach co thang theo day khong, neu cao hn, thap hn hoac tho ra thut vao qua nhieu th phai ieu chnh ngay. oi vi loai tng 200 tai cong trnh xay bang phng thc thi cong theo ch nh cua A , xay cap oi tng 100 song song 5 lp gach doc tha ngang 1 lp gach the . Tuan thu theo phng ngang doc thang ng va mach va lien ket khoi xay nh a neu tren.
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Kiem tra sau khi xay xong: Cap thc ho dai 2 m len mat tng Qua doi Thc ke e kiem tra tng xay Hang muc Sai lech cho phep khoi xay gach (mm) 3 Cac mach va ca biet nho nhat Ghi chu

Sai lech ng tim o thang ng cua tng

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Moi tang Toan bo chieu cao o bang phang cua mat tng Tng xay gach khong to Tng co to o thang cua mach nam ngang Tng xay khong to Tng co to Ve sinh sau khi xay xong:

5 20

khong di 6 mm ln

Trong pham vi chieu dai 10m

- Sau khi xay xong phai lam sach mat tng ngay, du trong khi xay ngi th dung bay cao va loi ra ngoai mach gach, nhng mat tng van rat khong sach, ma con ri rt lai va tha. Sau khi xay xong mot tang gian giao can dung choi quet sach mat tng. Neu ta khong kp thi lam sach mach tng, th va con ri rt tren tng se ong cng, ve sau se rat kho cao bo, se gay kho khan cho viec trat va trang tr sau nay. CONG TAC TRAT - Trc khi trat tien hanh ve sinh sach se khoi xay, khong c dnh dau m, reu moc, tien hanh ti nc tang o lien ket. - oi vi cac cau kien betong, trc khi trat phai ba 1 lp xi mang nguyen chat tang o bam dnh. - Tien hanh trat tran trc khi trat tng. - Cat dung trat c sang ky, khong lan tap chat. - Ket hp vi cac bo phan ien, nc, thong tin, bao chay ... thi cong ong bo tranh phai uc tng khi trat xong anh hng ti my thuat. Trat mat ngoai: - Tien hanh bac dan giao cao ti mai, dung sat 8, 10 neo gi vao cong trnh. Mat ngoai dan giao c che phu bang cac tam li chan bui. Khi trat tien hanh trat giat t tren xuong di.

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- Trc khi trat, tien hanh cang day gan cac iem moc, khoang cach 2 m / 1 moc (bang chieu dai cay thc th) tao o phang cho mat trat sau o mi tien hanh thi cong ong loat. Trat goc: - Tai mot mat tng, ong mot inh cach goc t 5-8cm, cach tran 20cm, treo qua doi, day doi tram mat inh, cach nen 20cm ong 1 inh, tren ng doi c cach 1 tan thc ong 1 inh, cac mui inh an theo mep day doi. - at nhng mieng va kch thc 10x10cm bang mep inh. - Mat goc tng kia cung tien hanh tng t, dung eke kiem tra ky o vuong cua mat moc. - Lay thc can lao eu tay theo chieu doc thc, can va bang mat moc. Dung thc goc at nhe nhang an vao goc, lao eu tay t tren xuong di se tao thanh mot ng goc thang, neu cho nao non va dung bay len va cho phang roi dung thc goc lao lai cho that phang. Trat cot: - Lay moc u 4 goc cua cot. Tat ca cac moc 4 goc cua cot eu phai theo ng day doi. o day cua mat moc bang o day lp em, khoang cach 2 hang moc ngan hn chieu dai cua thc th. - Trat cot tien hanh t tren xuong di. Chieu day bang chieu day moc va. - Sau khi trat xong phai kiem tra vuong 4 goc, mat trat phai phang, canh thang, goc sac. Trat tran: - Trc khi at moc can phai kiem tra o phang cua tran bang cach da vao o cao cua tng xay lay len cach thanh 1,5cm. Dung day manh cang gia hai iem oi dien, o t mep day len tran e xac nh chieu day lp em. at moc co chieu day bang lp trat a chon gia tran. Dung thc tam co gan nivo, gi cho thang bang roi trat moi au thc mot moc va, quay thc 90o e xac nh 2 moc na.
-

- Trat lp mat t goc ra, trat het day nay sang day khac, trat day bang lp va moc.

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- Trat lp mat xong phai can phang, neu cho nao lom lay va bu vao can lai cho that phang, i cho lp va se mat th tien hanh xoa nhan. CONG TAC LAT GACH Cong tac lat gach co the thc hien theo hai phng phap: lat nong va lat nguoi - Lat nong: nen va mi can va ximang xong, khong can e kho ma co the lat gach ngay. - Lat nguoi: nen can va ximang xong, ch va ciment ong ket cng roi mi lat gach. Cong tac chuan b: Lat nong: - Mat nen phai c ve sinh sach se, uc lp va ximang bam tren mat do ri vai trong qua trnh xay, to, dan gach (oi vi nen nha ve sinh) - Dung cac mieng gach v phang boi ay ho dau ghem theo ung cao trnh, o doc thiet ke (oi vi nha ve sinh), phai ti am nen trc khi can va ximang. - Tien hanh can nen da vao cac mc a ghem san. Chu y la gia san BTCT va lp va can phai co mot lp ho dau. - oi vi cong tac lat gach nha ve sinh: Da vao cac ng joint cua gach tng a dan trc o, ke nhe len mat lp va mi can cac ng vuong goc nhau e am bao rang joint gach tng va gach nen khp vi nhau. Lat nguoi: - Nen a can xong phai c kiem tra ky e tranh trng hp gach lat sau nay b bop do ho can khong at yeu cau. Ni nao ho can b bop phai tien hanh uc len va can lai. - Quet sach bui va ti am nen e tang s lien ket cua va ximang dung e dan gach vi nen. - Da vao iem setting-out trong ban ve tien hanh ban len nen hai ng mc chuan vuong goc vi nhau (co the dung day cang e de can chnh) va phai kiem tra lai s vuong goc cua hai ng chuan theo qui tac Pitago vi cac bo so (30cm, 40cm, 50cm) hoac (60cm, 80cm,100cm). Thc hien cong tac lat gach:

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- e cong tac lat gach ung va at tnh my thuat, ngi th phai lat trc mot hang gach doc theo mot trong hai ng chuan a nh san (thong thng la ng dai hn). Hang gach nay phai that thang (an vi ng chuan); cac joint gach phai ung kch thc (thong thng t 2mm en 3mm oi vi gach nen ceramic) va cac hoa van trang tr tren be mat phai ung theo yeu cau thiet ke - Ngi th dung bay boi ay ho dau len mat nen vung d nh se lat vien gach, chieu day lp ho khong qua 15mm.ac biet chu y cac goc cua vien gach phai c lap ay ho e tranh xay ra trng hp bop tai goc cua vien gach do va ximang b thieu. - Lat vien gach len mat lp ho, dung bua cao su go nhe va eu len be mat vien gach bat au t trong ra ngoai cho en khi va ximang tran ra eu khap chu vi vien gach va at o day va y. Tiep tuc thc hien cong viec tren cho cac vien gach tiep theo cho en khi xong hang gach chuan. - Trong khi ngi th chnh ang lat gach, mot ngi phu giup dung gie lau sach se be mat cac vien gach a lat xong va dung dung cu (thong thng la vo bao gach bang giay ba cng) e lam sach cac ng joint. - e cong tac lat gach c chnh xac, thong thng ngi th thng lat trc ca hai ng chuan e tien kiem tra. Ngoai ra neu mat bang hnh ch nhat co mot canh rat dai so vi canh con lai th nen dung day can them nhng ng song song vi ng chuan theo phng canh ngan e chia khu vc lat gach thanh nhng phan nho e de kiem tra trong qua trnh lat gach. - Trong qua trnh lat, khi vien gach cha kho cam i qua lai tren mat gach hoac cac va cham manh co the lam bong troc vien gach va mi lat. - Cac ng joint phai that thang, be rong phai ung vi yeu cau thiet ke va phai c lam sach e tien hanh cong tac cong tac chui joint sau nay. - Mat lat phai phang, khong gho ghe, phai thng xuyen kiem tra lai bang thc ni-vo, thc ho dai 2m. Khe h gia mat lat va thc kiem tra khong qua 3mm. Hoa van trang tr tren nen gach phai ung yeu cau thiet ke. Trongtrng hp nen gach co o doc th chieu doc phai ung vi thiet ke va phai kiem tra bang cach th nc hoac tha lan hon bi thep ng knh 10mm. Neu trong trng hp th nc ma nc b ong vung th phai lat lai.
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- Sau khi lat gach nen xong th tien hanh op len tng theo ung vi qui trnh giong vi cong tac lat gach. Chu y la joint cua gach len va gach nen phai khp (an joint) vi nhau. - Sau khi a hoan tat viec lat gach nen va op len tng th tien hanh cong tac chui joint. - Joint gia cac vien gach phai am bao that eu v vay cac vien gach phai c kiem nghiem ky ve kch thc trc khi nhap vao kho. Cac loai gach co sai so >0.5mm eu coi nh khong at tieu chuan s dung. - Cong tac tret joint ch c tien hanh sau khi lat t nhat 24 gi. Viec tret phai tien hanh rat can than, kheo leo sao cho tat ca cac ng joint ay, khong b rong, bong. Ximang tret joint khong c tran khoi mach tret lam cho ng joint khong thang eu. - Be mat cua vien gach sau khi tret joint phai c lau sach that ky bang gie mem, kho cho that sach, bong va am bao khong co ximang bam tren be mat. - Mat di cua vien gach phai no ho, khong b bong, Ky s Giam sat se kiem tra bang cach dung cay go go tren khap be mat moi vien gach. Tuyet oi nghiem cam trat ho dau vao mat sau vien gach roi mi dan len san dan en cac goc cua vien gach b thieu ho. - Chieu rong quy nh cho joint gia cac vien gach lat nen la t 1,5mm en 2mm. Cac phan nen co joint ln eu phai lot ra lat lai. - Neu kch thc phong khong va so gach chan phai cat th phai don v tr cat vao goc phong, uc tay chan cot va vien gach. - Ve sinh sach se, khoa ca phong lai tranh ngi ra vao khu vc a lat gach hoan thien CONG TAC OP GACH Cong tac op gach co the thc hien theo hai phng phap: op nong va op nguoi - Op nong: tng va to xong khong can e kho ma co the dan gach ngay. - Op nguoi: tng to xong, ch va ciment ong ket cng roi mi dan gach. Cong tac chuan b:

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- Trc khi op phai at xong he thong ien va nc am trong tng. Kiem tra o bam dnh gia va ciment va gach xay (kiem tra bop) oi vi trng hp dan nguoi. Ni nao va ciment b bop phai uc ra to lai. - Mat tng to trc khi op phai phang, thang ng; neu cho nao va to b gho ghe hoac tng b nghieng th phai uc ra to lai. - oi vi cong tac op nguoi, tng phai c ve sinh sach se, tay sach cac vet dau m, vet ban tren tng, tng phai c lam am trc khi dan gach. - e viec op ung vi thiet ke va at yeu cau tham my trc khi, dan gach phai ban mot ng mc nam ngang vong xung quanh cac bc tng e nh trc mot cao o chuan t code cua phieu thu san.

Thc hien cong tac op gach:

- Ngi th dung bay boi ay ho dau (va xang + nc) len mat sau cua vien gach, chieu dai lp va t 6 10 mm. ac biet chu y cac goc cua vien gach phai c lap ay ho. Tranh xay ra hien tng bop tai cac goc cua vien gach do va ximang b thieu. - Dan vien gach a boi ay ho len be mat tng ve mot pha cua ng mc chuan a ban trc o e t o phat trien ve pha tren hoac pha di cua ng mc. - Dung bua cao su go nhe va eu len be mat cua vien gach bat au t ben trong ra ngoai cho en khi va ximang tran ra eu khap chu vi cua vien gach va at o day va y. Neu va ximang qua nhao e tranh vien gach b trt khoi v tr co the dung inh thep ong nhe vao lp va trat tng e gi lai ( trong trng hp dan nguoi ) - Tiep tuc thc hien cac bc tren cho cac vien gach tiep theo cho en het mot hang gach roi mi qua mot hang gach mi. Cho nao phai cat gach th cha lai e op sau. Op het mot mat tng mi qua mat khac. Dan gach xong ti au th phai lam sach ngay ng joint ti o. - Sau khi a op xong c ban cac mat tng, tien hanh o va cat cac vien gach e hoan chnh ca phong. Chu y mat cat cua vien gach phai phang, sac canh. - Cac mach op (joint) khong c ln hn 2mm va phai thang (an joint), sai lech khong qua 1mm tren 1 m dai.

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- Gach op phai ung kieu cach, kch thc, mau sac, mat gach op phai phang. - Be mat phai c ve sinh sach se, khong c e va ximang bam vao, cac ng joint phai c khoet sach e sau nay tret lai bang va ximang trang. - Chu y tai cac canh ca, quat hut am tng, khong nen tret joint ma phai dung silicon ban ay cac khe h e tranh trng hp va va ximang cua ng joint b ri xuong do rung ong. - Sau khi tret joint xong phai ve sinh mat tng that sach se tranh va ximang bam len mat be vien gach. CONG TAC LAP AT TRAN THACH CAO Cong tac ban ti, lap at thanh treo va khung xng tran: - nh v khu vc va khoang cach e ban inh hoac bat tac ke cho thanh treo. - Lap at thanh treo. - Lap at moc treo khung xng. - Lap at moc khoa theo chieu treo tra e gi ng thang cho khung xng. Yeu cau ky thuat: - Ban inh hoac bat tac ke e lap at thanh bu long thang goc vi thanh treo. - Cat bi thanh bu long vi o dai an toan e can chnh tran sau nay - Xiet chac tan cua thanh treo neu xet khong can phai ieu chnh tran sau nay (thng khu vc thi cong vi dien tch nho). Cong tac can chnh tran: - Kiem tra va ieu chnh lai cao o toan bo khu vc tran sau khi cac hang muc nh ien, nc, cu hoa a thi cong. - Kiem tra tat ca cac moi noi cua khung xng hoac can thiet phai gia co bang thanh bu long treo. - Lap at tran thach cao bang vt (ap dung cho tran chm). Lap at tam thach cao theo qui cach co san tren khung xng a c nh hnh (ap dung cho tran noi). - Ve sinh khu vc va thi cong. Yeu cau ky thuat:

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- Mat phang thach cao sau khi lap at khong c chp. - Mat vt phai am sau di be mat thach cao o 1mm (ap dung cho tran chm).

CONG TAC SN NC Cong tac chuan b: - Ve sinh mat tng sach se, khong co rong reu, dau m, nam moc. Mat tng phai bang phang khong loi lom, khong lan cay, go, inh - Dng rulo nhung nc lam am tng trc khi tret bot. Cong tac tret bot: Tron bot: - Pha tron bot vi nc theo t le: 1 /2.5 (16 181t nc sach / mot bao bot 40kg). - o bot vao nc t t, quay eu e tranh von cuc (nen dung may tron trong 3-5 phut). - Sau khi pha tron bot thanh hon hp nhao ong nhat, ch 7-10 phut cho hoa chat phat huy tac dung. - Tron lai lan na va bat au thi cong. - Bot tron qua 3 gi khong c dung. Thi cong: - Dung dao tret mot lp bot mastic day khong qua 3mm len mat tng a c lam phang. - i lp tret th nhat kho rao be mat (t 3-4 gi), tret tiep lp bot mastic th hai (neu thi cong trong ieu kien thi tiet kho nong, nhiet o cao, nen lam am tng trc khi tret lp th hai). - i kho (sau 12 gi) dung giay nham xa nhe cho be mat bang phang. Cong tac sn: Pha sn: - Khi sn bang co hay rulo, khong can pha cho s dung thong thng. - Sn bang may phun co the pha them toi a % nc sach. - Sn chan khong: khong can pha.

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Thi cong: - Mat tng sau khi tret mastic phai xa phang, lam sach bui va cac chat ban co the lam giam o bam dnh cua sn bang choi va lan nc bang rulo. Be mat tng phai kho hoan toan, khong b tham nc va khong b nt (neu co phai x ly bang cach uc rong vet nt, tram lai bang va va tret bot mastic lai). Thi cong mot lp sn lot bang co hoac rulo. Ch 2 gi cho be mat sn kho hoan toan (trong ieu kien bnh thng 300C) trc khi tien hanh lan lp ke tiep.
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Thi cong mot lp sn phu bang co hoac rulo. Ch 2 gi cho be mat sn kho hoan toan (trong ieu kien bnh thng 300C) trc khi tien hanh lan lp ke tiep.
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- Thi cong lp sn phu cuoi cung bang co hoac rulo.

CONG TAC CHONG THAM - Cong tac chong tham rat phc tap oi hoi s ket hp ong bo nhieu khau, ngay ca phan thi cong BTCT a phai lu tam mi am bao tuyet oi. - San mai, san khu ve sinh va seno phai c ngam nc ximang theo quy nh trong vong 20 ngay. - Lam ve sinh ky be mat betong trc khi x ly chong tham. Dung kh thoi cho that sach, that kho be mat. - Quet lp chong tham theo ch dan cua thiet ke hoac ch dan cua nha san xuat. - Tai v tr cac ng ong i qua san ve sinh, phai xay thanh b xung quanh cao 100mm, dung betong mac 200 nhoi ky vao cho tiep giap. - Cho tiep giap gia ong thoat nc ma va ay seno phai dung pheu thu kim loai, khong dung pheu nha. ong thi nhoi va ximang mac cao cho am bao that kn. - Trng hp cha s dung, nen bao quan cac chat chong tham trong thung kn vi mot lp nc phu tren be mat va tranh anh nang mat tri. - Khong nen quet hoac s dung cac chat chong tham ngoai tri trong luc ma v nc ma co the lam troi i lp phu neu lp phu cha hoan toan kho. CONG TAC SAN XUAT, LAP DNG MAI CHE

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A. X LY THEP HNH - Tat ca thep phai c kiem tra at cac tieu chuan hoac ieu kien ky thuat. - Trc khi s dung, thep keo va xa go can phai lam sach g bang phng phap thoi cat, thep rui me phai lam sach vet dau m va cac tap chat khac sau o sn lot e chong g. B. GIA CONG Yeu cau ve thep va vat lieu han: - Thep phai c xep loai, ghi so hieu va sap xep theo tiet dien. - Que han, day han phai e ni kho rao. Trc khi s dung phai kiem tra chat lng que han, day han tng ng vi qui nh trong cac tieu chuan hoac ieu kien ky thuat. o ac: - o ac thep phai dung thc cuon hoac thc la kim loai co o chnh xac cap 2 theo TCVN 4111.1985. Chu y lng d o gia cong c kh va co ngot khi lam. Cat va gia cong mep: - Mep cac chi tiet sau khi gia cong phai nhan, o go ghe khong qua 0,3mm. To hp: - Khong c lam thay oi hnh dang ket cau va cac chi tiet khi lat va van chuyen. - Khong c dch chuyen va lat cac KC ln, nang khi chung mi c han dnh, cha co bo ga chong bien dang. - Khi han dnh, chieu dai moi han > 50mm, khoang cach gia hai moi han < 500mm. Han: - Khi han phai chon che o on nh sao cho am bao cac yeu cau ve he so ngau (la t so gia chieu rong b va chieu sau ngau h cua moi han) khong nho hn 1,3 oi vi moi han goc va khong nho hn 1,5 oi vi moi han giap mep 1 lp. Nhng cho chay khuyet tren be mat chi tiet do han phai c lam sach bang may mai, vi o sau 0,5mm. Cho khuyet sau vao trong thep han khong c ln hn 3% be day thep han.
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- Khi lam xong, moi han phai c lam sach r va kim loai ban toe. Bo phan ga lap vao KC bang han dnh (neu co) phai c tay bo bang cac bien phap khong lam hong thep KC. - Kiem tra hnh dang ben ngoai moi han. a. Be mat nhan, eu an (khong chay trao, chay chan, co hep, ngat quan).
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b. Kim loai moi han phai ac chac, khong co vet nt va khong co khuyet tat. c. Cho phep khuyet chan moi han vi o sau khong qua 0,5mm khi thep co be day t 4 10mm va khong qua 1mm khi thep day tren 10mm.

d. Mieng han phai c han ap ay. - Kiem tra o kn moi han bang dau hoa c qui nh nh sau:
+

Tam dau 1 mat moi han, so lan tam 2, khoang thi gian gia 2 lan tam la 10.

+ Quet nc phan hoac nc cao lanh mat moi han khong tam dau va e yen trong thi gian 4 gi. + Neu moi han kn th tren mat c quet nc phan hoac cao lanh khong xuat hien vet dau loang. - Kiem tra o ac chac moi han bang nc xa phong. Neu sau khi bm kh nen (pha ben kia) hoac hut chan khong ma khong thay xuat hien bot kh xa phong th moi han co o ac chac tot. - Khong cho phep vo vet nt trong moi han. oan moi han co vet nt phai c khoan chan cach cac au nt 15mm bang mui khoan co ng knh t 5 8mm, sau o gia cong vat va han lai. - Moi han co khuyet tat phai c x ly bang cac bien phap sau: Han ap cac oan moi han b ngat quang, mieng han b lom, cac khuyet tat khac cua moi han vt qua qui nh phai tay bo vi chieu dai bang kch thc khuyet tat cong them ve moi pha 15mm va sau o han ap lai, nhng cho khuyet sau vao thep vt qua qui nh phai tay sach va han ap, sau o c tay lai e am bao o chuyen tiep eu an t kim loai ap sang thep c ban.

SAI LECH CHO PHEP VE KCH THC DAI CAC CHI TIET KET CAU

Cac kch thc

Sai lech kch thc cho phep so vi thiet ke (mm) Cac khoang kch thc (m)

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< 1,5 Cac chi tiet lap rap theo chieu dai va chieu rong (cat thu cong oxy theo ng ke)

1,52,5

2,54,5

4,59

915

1521

2127

> 27

2,5

3,5

4,5

C. LAP RAP - Khi lap rap cac ket cau am bao: + Tnh on nh va bat bien cua cac phan a lap rap trong cac giai oan lap rap. + Tnh on nh va o ben cua ket cau di tac dung cua tai trong lap rap. + An toan trong qua trnh lap rap. + Trong qua trnh lap rap, phai am bao s on nh cho ket cau bang cach thc hien ung trnh t lap rap cac phan t ng va ngang, lap giang co nh hoac tam thi. + Khi nang cac KC b cong can phai co dung cu ga hoac gia cng nham chong cac bien dang d cho ket cau. D. SN PHU - KC thep trc khi sn phu phai lam sach r, dau m - Nhng cho sn lot lai b h hong trong qua trnh van chuyen va trong lap rap phai c lam sach va sn lai. E. NGHIEM THU - Cong tac nghiem thu c tien hanh ngay sau cac giai oan: + X ly thep han + Gia cong chi tiet KC + To hp cac phan t va to hp KC + Han CONG TAC LAP AT THIET B VE SINH Cong tac chuan b: - Cong tac lap at thiet b ve sinh tuan thu theo ho s thiet ke. - Cac thiet b ve sinh s dung cho cong trnh phai ung ma hieu, chung loai theo yeu cau cua Chu au t tai danh muc vat t, thiet b c phep s dung tai cong trnh va phai c nghiem thu ve chung loai, so lng trc khi a vao cong trnh.

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- Cac thiet b ve sinh phai c xac nh ung chung loai, ong bo, ay u phu kien trc khi lap at. Cong tac lap at: - Viec lap at cac thiet b ve sinh phai c thc hien chnh xac ung theo v tr thiet ke, am bao s ngay ngan, can oi, my thuat. - Chau x bet bat buoc phai co joint cao su tai cho tieo xuc vi ong thoat. Tat ca cac moi noi gia cac thiet b ve sinh phai am bao kn, khong b r du la nc cap hay nc thai. - Viec lien ket gia cac thiet b ve sinh phai that chac chan bang phu kien kem theo e am bao cac thiet b nay khong b xuc xch, cap kenh hoac kem vng chac. am bao sao cho cac gia , cac moc treo lam viec ong eu cho moi thiet b. Viec khoan tac ke va bat vt phai thc hien can than, lo khoan khong b qua ln dan en b nho ra khoi tng khi treo len moc. - Cac thiet b ve sinh phai c gi sao cho khong co bat ky mot chat ban nao bam dnh len be mat nh sn, xi mang, rac... cho en khi ban giao. - Cac bo phan ieu khien cua thiet b ve sinh nh voi nc, xa nc... phai hoat ong tot, trn tru, chnh xac. - Cac pheu thu nc san phai c at tai iem quy nh, ong thi phai am bao la iem thap nhat cua mat san. Mat pheu thu phai thap hn mat vien gach lat ke can la 5mm. Nghiem thu: - Trc khi ban giao, phai ve sinh tat ca cac si phong chau ra, ve sinh li tao bot cua cac voi ra tranh cat ong lam giam ap suat nc. Cac pheu thu mat san phai c vet sach xi mang, sn, cat ong quanh phan lom e am bao tnh nang ngan mui hoi ma nc van thoat tot cua cac pheu thu. - Nghiem cam cong nhan cua Nha thau s dung cac thiet b ve sinh trong cong trnh. Cong tac nghiem thu c tien hanh vao giai oan cuoi trc khi ban giao cong trnh vi s chng kien cua Giam sat, thiet ke.
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CONG TAC LAP AT CA Ca knh khung nhm: - Khung nhm c vn chuyn n chn cng trnh, c gia cng ti ch, c qun lp bng dnh bo v n khi hon thin xong. - Sn phm knh c gia cng ng thit k c km theo cc loi m, inh nh v... - Cc sn phm knh c ct, ng thnh kin theo tng chng loi. - Ca lp xong phi ng kch thc thit k, sai s ca khung theo ng cho <= 4mm.

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- Kho ca v ph kin s dng ng chng loi mu m p theo ch dn ca thit k. Ca g - Chng loi v chi tit cc ph kin ca ca phi tho mn yu cu thit k. - Cc chi tit gia cng ca phi c gia cng sn theo ng kch thc thit k. -Tt c cc khung phi thng hng ( cng cos cao ) b mt khung v tng cng mt mt phng. cnh ca cao hn cos nn, sn = 5mm CONG TAC NGHIEM THU st.
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Tt c cc cng tc trn sau khi hon thanh xong s c nh thu nghim thu ni nu t yu cu th tin hnh mi t vn gim st nghim thu theo k hoch. C s nghim thu l bn v shopdrawing c ph duyt ca t vn gim Sau khi nghim thu xong nu t th t vn gim st k h s nghim thu cho nh thu nh thu tip tc cng tc tip theo.

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