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V d: nc (H2O) c cu thnh t nguyn t Hydro (H) v oxy (O); thanh st c cu thnh bi cc nguyn t st (Fe).
Hnh 1: Cu to nguyn t Cu to nguyn t gm 01 ht nhn v cc electron (in t). Cc in t sp xp v phn b trn cc lp qu o t trong ra ngoi. Cc in t qu o ngoi cng gi l in t ha tr. 2. Phng php ph hp thu nguyn t: L phng php da trn nguyn l hp thu ca hi nguyn t. Ngi ta cho chiu vo m hi nguyn t mt nng lng bc x c trng ca ring nguyn t . Sau o cng cn li ca bc x c trng ny sau khi b m hi nguyn t hp th, s tnh ra c nng nguyn t c trong mu em phn tch. 4. My quang ph hp thu nguyn t (AAS: Atomic Absorption Spectrometer) Bao gm cc b phn c bn sau: - Ngun pht tia bc x cng hng ca nguyn t cn phn tch: thng l n cathod rng HCL (Hollow Cathode Lamp) hoc n phng in khng cc EDL (Electronic Discharge Lamp) - H thng nguyn t ha mu phn tch, c hai loi k thut nguyn t ha mu: + K thut nguyn t ha bng ngn la, s dng kh C2H2 v khng kh nn hoc oxit
nit (N2O), gi l Flame AAS. + K thut nguyn t ha khng ngn la, s dng l in, gi l ETA-AAS (Electro -Thermal-Atomization AAS) - B n sc c nhim v thu nhn, phn ly v ghi tnh hiu bc x c trng sau khi c hp thu
Hnh 3 : S h thng my hp thu nguyn t AAS - H in t/ my tnh iu khin v x l s liu My AAS c th phn tch cc ch tiu trong mu c nng t ppb - ppm. Mu phi c v c ha thnh dung dch ri phun vo h thng nguyn t ha mu ca my AAS. Khi cn phn tch nguyn t no th ta gn n cathode lm ca nguyn t . Mt dy dung dch chun ca nguyn t cn o bit chnh xc nng c o song song. T cc s liu o c ta s tnh c nng ca nguyn t cn o c trong dung dch mu em phn tch. u im ca my AAS :
chnh xc ca my AAS cao: RSD < 2% lp li rt tt: RSD < 1% nhy: rt nhy, o dc hm lng ti ppb (microgam/ kg) Chi ph u t thp so vi my ICP-OES Phn tch c rt nhiu nguyn t v thi gian phn tch nhanh
Hnh 4 : H thng my hp thu nguyn t AAS ca hng Varian Ngun: Phng CNTN (CASE)
Cc loi quang ph
I- My quang ph lng knh 1/ nh ngha L mt dng c dng phn tch mt chm nh sng c nhiu thnh phn thnh nhng thnh phn n sc khc nhau. 2/ Cng dng Dng nhn bit cc thnh phn cu to ca mt chm sng phc tp do mt ngun sng pht ra. 3/ Cu to My quang ph gm ba b phn chnh:
ng chun trc: l b phn to ra chm tia song, n c mt khe hp S nm ti tiu din ca thu knh hi t L1. H tn sc: gm lng knh P lm tn sc chm tia song song. Bung nh: gm mt thu knh hi t L2. Ti tiu din L2 c t mt tm knh nh F chp nh quang ph (hoc mt tm knh m quan st quang ph).
Chm nh sng t ngun J qua thu knh L hi t ti khe S ri truyn qua ng chun trc to chm tia song song. Chm song song sau khi qua
lng knh P b phn tch thnh nhiu chm song song n sc c gc lch.khc nhau. Mi chm song song n sc qua thu knh L2 cho mt vch mu trn tm knh nh F. Tp hp cc vch mu l quang ph ca ngun J.
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