L Minh Hong

150+Bi Ton Tin

i hc S Phm H Ni 2004 2006

LIST 150+ BI TON TIN L MINH HONG

001. TNH TON SONG SONG 002. B NG S 003. CARGO 004. DY CON 005. XU FIBINACCI 006. VNG S 007. I B N 008. C A S VN B N NGUYN T 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 30 2

009. VNG TRN CON 010. B TR PHNG H P

011. MUA V TU HO 012. XIN CH K

013. L C N M KIM CNG 014. R I S I 015. I P VIN 016. KHO NG CCH GI A HAI XU 017. X P L I B NG S 018. THM KHU TRI N LM 019. D MN 020. X P L I DY S

021. CO DY BT PHN 022. TUY N BAY 023. M PH NG CC PHP TON 024. DY CON C A DY NH PHN 025. T NG CC CH S

31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

026. NG I NHI U I M NH T 027. K HO CH THU NHN CNG 028. DY CC HNH CH 029. SN C T 030. C T V I 031. CHIA K O 032. B NG QUAN H 033. ONG N C 034. TR TI N 035. HON V CH 036. D CI NH T

45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 3

TI C BN TRN

037. TRO BI 038. I X NG HO 039. M NG MY TNH 040. L T MI N 041. S NH PHN L N NH T NH T

042. SN CC HNH CH

043. PHN HO CH TAM GIC

044. CC THNH PH N LIN THNG M NH 045. M GRAY 046. D N XY C U

54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 4

047. B O T N NG V T HOANG D 048. PH T NG 049. TRUY N TIN TRN M NG 050. HNH VUNG C C I 051. ON XE QUA C U 052. S L NG

053. THM HI M LNG T 054. TH T T I N

055. DY L CH 056. RT G N DY S 057. BUN TI N 058. DY NGO C 059. TH NG B M V PH NG 060. S TH P PHN

061. DANH SCH VNG 062. TNH DI N TCH 063. THANG MY 064. TR NG S 065. PH XU

MAY M N

066. TN HI U GIAO THNG

067. PHN NHM 068. TUA DU L CH R NH T 069. DU L CH NHI U TUA NH T 070. PHN CNG 071. NH N TIN 072. CC S I N THO I

77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 TI C 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 5

073. GI TR L N NH T 074. NT GIAO THNG TR NG I M 075. T P K T 076. M I KHCH D

077. KHI PH C NGO C 078. DY XCH 079. PHN CNG 080. DY CUNG 081. M CUNG 082. DU L CH KI U C 083. S A NG 084. I THI 085. MO KI U C 086. THNH PH TRN SAO HO

087. R B T XY NH 088. T DUY KI U C 089. 8-3, T NG HOA KI U C

090. M HO BURROWS WHEELER 091. BAO L I 092. GIAI TH A 093. PH SNG 094. DY NGH CH TH 095. MUA HNG 096. XU CON CHUNG DI NH T 097. DY CON NG N NH T 098. BI N I DY S 099. GI TR NH 100. N I DY 101. GHI A 102. NG I THOT M CUNG 103. CHU TRNH C B N 104. C T CY S 105. L CH S A CH A T 106. KH P V C U 107. HNG I V I 108. H I CH 109. SERIE A 110. S HI U V GI TR U TIN NH T

100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 6

111. PHP CO 112. CH A NGO C

113. M HO BURROWS WHEELER 114. M NG RT G N 115. DY NGO C 116. L P RP MY TNH 117. NG M T CHI U 118. PH 119. THP G CH 120. THU THU 121. PHN CNG 122. XU CON 123. LN SC S C 124. V S 125. GIAO LU 126. GIAO LU 127. I DI N 128. H I CH 129. L CH H C 130. M LIN HON 131. TUY N NHN CNG 132. NG TRN 133. O N 0 134. H C B NG 135. O N DNG

123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 7

136. TN HI U GIAO THNG 137. PH 138. DI CHUY N R-B T 139. TR M NGH 140. CHIA CN B NG 141. LN XC X C 142. CHUY N HNG 143. GHT NHAU NM ... 144. N I DY 145. MY LAST INVENTION 146. CY KHUNG NH 147. M NG MY TNH 148. D Y N I U TNG DI NH T 149. LU NG C C I TRN M NG 150. B 151. B GHP C C I GHP Y TR NG S C C TI U NH T

146 147 148 149 151 152 153 154 155 156 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165

152. TUY N NHN CNG 153. DN N

001. TNH TON SONG SONG

Biu thc l mt dy k t gm cc bin k hiu bng ch ci thng ting Anh: a..z, cc php ton cng k hiu +, nhn k hiu * v cc du ngoc (,). c nh ngha nh sau: i) Mi bin a,b,...,z l mt biu thc ii) Nu X v Y l biu thc th (X+Y) v (X*Y) cng l biu thc . iii) Nhng biu thc no khng xy dng c theo 2 nguyn tc trn khng l biu thc . VD: Theo cch nh ngha trn th (a+(b+(c+d))) hoc ((a+b)+(c*d)) l cc biu thc . Cho bit thi gian tnh php + l P, thi gian tnh php * l Q, ngi ta nh ngha thi gian tnh ton mt biu thc nh sau: Nu biu thc ch gm 1 bin (a..z) th thi gian tnh ton l 0 Nu X v Y l 2 biu thc ; thi gian tnh X l TX thi gian tnh Y l TY th thi gian tnh (X+Y) l max(TX,TY)+P thi gian tnh (X*Y) l max(TX,TY)+Q T 1 biu thc ngi ta c th bin i v mt biu thc tng ng bng cc lut: Giao hon: (X+Y) (Y+X); (X*Y) (Y*X) Kt hp: (X+(Y+Z)) ((X+Y)+Z); (X*(Y*Z)) ((X*Y)*Z) Yu cu: Cho trc mt biu thc E di dng xu k t hy vit chng trnh: 1. Tm thi gian tnh ton biu thc E 2. Hy bin i biu thc E thnh biu thc E' tng ng vi n sao cho thi gian tnh E' l t nht c th. D liu vo c t trong file vn bn PO.INP nh sau: Dng th nht ghi 2 s P, Q cch nhau 1 du cch (P,Q100) Tip theo l mt s dng, mi dng ghi 1 biu thc . Kt qu ra t trong file vn bn PO.OUT nh sau: Vi mi biu thc E trong file PO.INP ghi ra file PO.OUT 3 dng Dng th nht: Ghi thi gian tnh ton E Dng th hai: Ghi biu thc E' Dng th ba: Ghi thi gian tnh ton E' Ch : cho gn, mi biu thc trong input/output file c th vit m khng cn n cp du ngoc ngoi cng, d liu vo c coi l ng n v khng cn kim tra V d:
PO.INP 1 1 a+(a+(a+(a+(a+(a+(a+a)))))) (((a+(b+(c+d)))*e)*f) (((((a*b)*c)*d)+e)+(f*g)) PO.OUT 7 ((a+a)+(a+a))+((a+a)+(a+a)) 3 5 (e*f)*((a+b)+(c+d)) 3 5 ((a*b)*(c*d))+(e+(f*g)) 3

002. B NG S
Cho mt bng hnh ch nht kch thc M x N vi M, N nguyn dng. M, N 50. Hnh ch nht ny c chia thnh M x N vung bng nhau vi kch thc n v bi cc ng song song vi cc cnh, trn vung [i, j] ghi s nguyn A[i, j] (2 A[i, j] 50). T mng A ta lp mng B m B[i, j] c xy dng nh sau: Biu din s A[i, j] thnh tng cc s nguyn t vi rng buc: trong biu din c nhiu nht ch mt s nguyn t xut hin hai ln. Trong cc cch biu din, chn ra biu din nhiu hng t nht th B[i, j] bng s s hng ca biu din ny k c bi (nu c). V d: Nu A[i, j] = 10 = 2 + 3 + 5 th B[i, j] = 3; Nu A[i, j] = 12 = 2 + 2 + 3 + 5 th B[i, j] = 4; Ch : Khng c biu din A[i, j] = 10 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 c B[i, j] = 5 v nh vy khng tho mn rng buc a) D liu vo c cho bi Text file TABLE.INP trong : Dng u ghi hai s M, N M dng sau, dng th i ghi N phn t trn dng i ca bng A: A[i, 1], A[i, 2], ..., A[i, N] hai phn t lin tip cch nhau t nht mt du trng.

b) Kt qu ghi ra Text file TABLE.OUT Gi tr bng B, mi dng ca bng ghi trn mt dng ca file, hai phn t lin tip cch nhau t nht mt du trng. c) Hy tm hnh ch nht ln nht c to bi cc mang gi tr bng nhau ca bng B. Ghi tip ra file OUT.B1 mt dng gm 5 s l: din tch ln nht tm c, to trn tri v di phi ca hnh ch nht c din tch ln nht .

10

003. CARGO
Bn mt kho hng hnh ch nht kch thc mxn c chia thnh cc vung n v (m hng, n ct: cc hng nh s t trn xung di, cc ct nh s t tri qua phi). Trn cc ca bn c mt s k hiu: Cc k hiu # nh du cc c mt kin hng xp sn, Mt k hiu *: nh du ang c mt xe Ny Mt k hiu $: nh du cha kin hng cn xp Mt k hiu @: nh du v tr m cn phi xp kin hng B vo Cc k hiu du chm ".": Cho bit trng Cn phi dng xe y * y kin hng $ n v tr @ sao cho trong qu trnh di chuyn cng nh y hng, khng chm vo nhng kin hng c xp sn. (Xe y c th di chuyn sang mt trong 4 chung cnh vi ang ng). Nu c nhiu phng n th ch ra mt phng n sao cho xe y phi di chuyn qua t bc nht. Cc hng di chuyn c ch ra trong hnh di y
# # # # # # # # # @ # # # # $ # # # # # *

N W S E

D liu: Vo t file vn bn CARGO.INP Dng 1: Ghi hai s nguyn dng m, n cch nhau mt du cch (m, n 80) m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n k hiu trn hng th i ca bn theo ng th t t tri qua phi. Cc k hiu c ghi lin nhau Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CARGO.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s bc di chuyn xe Ny thc hin mc ch yu cu, nu khng c phng n kh thi th dng ny ghi s -1 Dng 2: Nu c phng n kh thi th dng ny ghi cc k t lin nhau th hin hng di chuyn ca xe Ny R (East, West, South, North). Cc ch ci thng (e,w,s,n) th hin bc di chuyn khng Ny hng, cc ch ci in hoa (E,W,S,N) th hin bc di chuyn c Ny hng. V d:
CARGO.INP 8 8 ######## #.....@. .....### ........ #.#####* .$...... ........ ........ CARGO.OUT 23 sswwwwwwNNNwnEseNwnEEEE CARGO.INP 5 9 @........ .##.###.# ......#.. .##$###.# .*....... CARGO.OUT 22 eeNNNssseeeennnnwwwWWW

11

004. DY CON
Cho mt dy gm n ( n 1000) s nguyn dng A1, A2, ..., An v s nguyn dng k (k 50). Hy tm dy con gm nhiu phn t nht ca dy cho sao cho tng cc phn t ca dy con ny chia ht cho k. D liu vo: file vn bn DAY.INP Dng u tin cha hai s n, k ghi cch nhau bi t nht 1 du trng. Cc dng tip theo cha cc s A1, A2, ..., An c ghi theo ng th t cch nhau t nht mt du trng hoc xung dng (CR-LF). Dng u tin ghi m l s phn t ca dy con tm c. Cc dng tip theo ghi dy m ch s cc phn t ca dy cho c mt trong dy con tm c. Cc ch s ghi cch nhau t nht mt du trng hoc mt du xung dng.

Kt qu: ghi ra file vn bn DAY.OUT

V d:
DAY.INP 10 3 2 3 5 7 9 6 12 7 11 15 DAY.OUT 9 1 3 2 4 5 6 7 10 8

12

005. XU FIBINACCI
Xt dy cc xu F1, F2, F3, ..., FN, ... trong : F1 = 'A' F2 = 'B' FK+1 = FK + FK-1 (K 2). V d: F1 = 'A' F2 = 'B' F3 = 'BA' F4 = 'BAB' F5 = 'BABBA' F6 = 'BABBABAB' F7 = 'BABBABABBABBA' F8 = 'BABBABABBABBABABBABAB' F9 = 'BABBABABBABBABABBABABBABBABABBABBA' Cho xu S di khng qu 25, ch bao gm cc k t 'A' v 'B'. Hy xc nh s ln xut hin xu S trong xu FN, N 35. Ch : hai ln xut hin ca S trong FN khng nht thit phi l cc xu ri nhau hon ton. D liu: vo t file vn bn FIBISTR.INP, bao gm nhiu dng, mi dng c dng N S. Gia N v S c ng 1 du cch. D liu vo l chuNn, khng cn kim tra. Kt qu: a ra file vn bn FIBISTR.OUT, mi dng d liu ng vi mt dng kt qu ra V d:
FIBISTR.INP 3 A 3 AB 8 BABBAB FIBISTR.OUT 1 0 4

13

006. VNG S

NGUYN T

Mt vng trn cha 2n vng trn nh (Xem hnh v). Cc vng trn nh c nh s t 1 n n theo chiu kim ng h. Cn in cc s t nhin t 1 n 2n mi s vo mt vng trn nh sao cho tng ca hai s trn hai vng trn nh lin tip l s nguyn t. S in vng trn nh 1 lun l s 1.
1

5 2

D liu: Vo t file vn bn CIRCLE.INP cha s nguyn dng n (1 < n < 10) Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CIRCLE.OUT: Dng u tin ghi s lng cc cch in s tm c (k). Dng th i trong s k dng tip theo ghi cc s trong cc vng trn nh bt u t vng trn nh 1 c theo th t ca cc vng trn nh

V d:
CIRCLE.INP 3 CIRCLE.OUT 2 1 4 3 2 5 6 1 6 5 2 3 4 CIRCLE.INP 4 CIRCLE.OUT 4 1 2 3 8 5 6 1 2 5 8 3 4 1 4 7 6 5 8 1 6 7 4 3 8

7 7 3 5

4 6 2 2

14

007. I B N
Trc kia Tun v Mai l hai bn cng lp cn by gi hai bn hc khc trng nhau. C mi sng, ng 6 gi c hai u i t nh ti trng ca mnh theo con ng mt t thi gian nht (c th c nhiu con ng i mt thi gian bng nhau v u t nht). Nhng hm nay, hai bn mun gp nhau bn vic hp lp c nhn ngy 20-11. Cho bit s giao thng ca thnh ph gm N nt giao thng c nh s t 1 n N v M tuyn ng ph (mi ng ph ni 2 nt giao thng). V tr nh ca Mai v Tun cng nh trng ca hai bn u nm cc nt giao thng. Cn xc nh xem Mai v Tun c cch no i tho mn yu cu nu trn, ng thi h li c th gp nhau nt giao thng no trn con ng ti trng hay khng ? (Ta ni Tun v Mai c th gp nhau ti mt nt giao thng no nu h n nt giao thng ny ti cng mt thi im). Nu c nhiu phng n th hy ch ra phng n Mai v Tun gp nhau sm nht. D liu vo c t trong tp FRIEND.INP: Dng u tin cha 2 s nguyn dng N, M (1 N 100); Dng tip theo cha 4 s nguyn dng Ha, Sa, Hb, Sb ln lt l s hiu cc nt giao thng tng ng vi: Nh Tun, trng ca Tun, nh Mai, trng ca Mai. Dng th i trong s M dng tip theo cha 3 s nguyn dng A, B, T. Trong A & B l hai u ca tuyn ng ph i. Cn T l thi gian (tnh bng giy 1000) cn thit Tun (hoc Mai) i t A n B cng nh t B n A. Gi thit l s giao thng trong thnh ph m bo c th i t mt nt giao thng bt k n tt c cc nt cn li. Kt qu : Ghi ra tp vn bn FRIEND.OUT Dng 1: Ghi t YES hay NO tu theo c phng n gip cho hai bn gp nhau hay khng. Trong trng hp c phng n: Dng 2: Ghi thi gian t nht Tun ti trng Dng 3: Ghi cc nt giao thng theo th t Tun i qua Dng 4: Ghi thi gian t nht Mai ti trng Dng 5: Ghi cc nt giao thng theo th t Mai i qua Dng 6: Ghi s hiu nt giao thng m hai bn gp nhau Dng 7: Thi gian sm nht tnh bng giy k t 6 gi sng m hai bn c th gp nhau. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d : Vi s giao thng sau: (N=6,M=7, Ha=1, Sa=6, Hb=2, Sb=5)
Dng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 FRIEND.INP 6 7 1 6 2 5 1 3 10 1 4 10 2 3 5 3 4 5 3 6 15 4 5 20 4 6 15 FRIEND.OUT YES 25 1 4 6 30 2 3 4 5 4 10

1 10 10 5 5 2 3 15 4 15 20

15

008. C A S

VN B N

Xt vn bn T gm N k t (N 1000000, N khng cho trc) v vn bn P gm M k t (0 < M 100). Ca s di W l mt on vn bn gm W k t lin tip ca T (M < W 1000). Ni ca s W cha mu P nu tn ti mt cch xo mt s k t lin tip ca W nhn c P. Hai ca s ca T gi l khc nhau nu chng bt u t nhng v tr khc nhau trong T. Hy xc nh s ca s khc nhau trong vn bn T cha P. D liu: File vn bn WINDOWP.INP Dng u cha hai s nguyn W, M Dng th hai cha M k t ca vn bn P; File WINDOWT.TXT cha vn bn T Kt qu: a ra file WINDOW.OUT mt s nguyn xc nh s ca s tm c theo yu cu. Lu : a s trng hp, file WINDOWT.TXT khng phi l Text file, c ngha l n cha cc k t trong khong #0..#255 (file of Char). Nh vy tnh c CR(#13) v LF(#10) V d:
WINDOWP.INP 4 2 is WINDOWT.TXT This is a sample text for the first task on the contest WINDOW.OUT 8

16

009. VNG TRN CON

Cho hai dy s nguyn a1, a2, ..., am v b1, b2, ..., bn (2 m, n 100) Cc s ny c xp quanh hai vng trn A v B: cc s ai quanh vng trn A v cc s bj quanh vng trn B. Vng trn C c gi vi cc s quanh n c1, c2, ..., cp c gi l vng trn con ca A (hoc ca B) nu tn ti mt cch xo bt cc s ca A (hoc ca B) c vng trn C. Hy tm vng trn C l vng trn con ca c A v B vi s phn t (p) ln nht c th. Ch : Cc s trn 3 vng trn A, B, C c xp theo ng th t trong dy theo cng mt chiu kim ng h. D liu: Vo t file vn bn CIRCLE.INP Dng u cha hai s nguyn m, n cch nhau t nht mt du cch. m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi s ai n dng tip theo, dng th j ghi s bj Kt qu: a ra file vn bn CIRCLE.OUT Dng u ghi s nguyn p p dng sau, dng th k ghi s ck. V d:
CIRCLE.INP 8 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8 1 2 3 CIRCLE.OUT 6 4 6 8 1 2 3
7 6 2

1 2 8 4 3 3 2

8 1 5

17

010. B

TR PHNG H P

C n cuc hp nh s t 1 n n ng k lm vic ti mt phng hi tho. Cuc hp i cn c bt u ngay sau thi im si v kt thc ti thi im fi. Hi c th b tr phng hi tho phc v c nhiu nht bao nhiu cuc hp, sao cho khong thi gian lm vic ca hai cuc hp bt k l khng giao nhau. D liu vo t file vn bn ACTIVITY.INP Dng u tin cha s nguyn dng n ( n 10000) Dng th i trong s n dng tip theo cha hai s nguyn dng si, fi (si < fi 32000) (i: 1 i n). Dng u tin ghi s K l s cc cuc hp c chp nhn phc v K dng tip theo lit k s hiu cc cuc hp c chp nhn theo th t t cuc hp u tin ti cuc hp cui cng , mi dng ghi s hiu mt cuc hp.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Kt qu: Ghi ra file ACTIVITY.OUT

V d:

2 3 4 5 1

ACTIVITY.INP 5 7 9 2 4 1 3 1 6 3 7

ACTIVITY.OUT 3 3 5 1

18

011. MUA V TU HO
Tuyn ng st t thnh ph A n thnh ph B i qua mt s nh ga. Tuyn ng c th biu din bi mt on thng, cc nh ga l cc im trn . Tuyn ng bt u t A v kt thc B, v th cc nh ga s c nh s bt u t A (c s hiu l 1) v B l nh ga cui cng. Gi v i li gia hai nh ga ch ph thuc vo khong cch gia chng. Cch tnh gi v c cho trong bng sau y: Khong cch gia hai nh ga (X) 0 < X L1 L1 < X L2 L2 < X L3 Gi v C1 C2 C3

V i thng t nh ga ny n nh ga khc ch c th t mua nu khong cch gia chng khng vt qu L3. V th nhiu khi i t nh ga ny n nh ga khc ta phi t mua mt s v. Hn th na, nhn vin ng st yu cu hnh khch ch c gi ng mt v khi i trn tu v v s b hu khi hnh khch xung tu. V d, trn tuyn ng st cho nh sau:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

L1 = 3 L2 = 6 L3 = 8

i t ga 2 n ga 6 khng th mua v i thng. C nhiu cch mua v i t ga 2 n ga 6: Chng hn t mua v t ga 2 n ga 3 mt chi ph C2 sau mua v t ga 3 n ga 6 mt chi ph C3, v chi ph tng cng khi i theo cch ny l C2 + C3. Hoc mua v t ga 2 n ga 4 mt chi ph C2, sau mua v t ga 4 n ga 5 mt chi ph C2 v mua v t ga 5 n ga 6 mt chi ph C1, nh vy chi ph tng cng l 2C2 + C1. Lu rng mc d khong cch gia ga 2 v ga 6 bng 12 = 2 L2 nhng khng c php mua 2 v vi gi C2 i thng t ga 2 n ga 6. Yu cu: Tm cch t mua v i li gia hai nh ga cho trc vi chi ph mua v l nh nht. D liu vo t file vn bn RTICKET.INP Dng u tin ghi cc s nguyn L1, L2, L3, C1, C2, C3 (1 L1 < L2 < L3 109; 1 C1 < C2 < C3 109) theo ng th t lit k trn. Dng th hai cha s lng nh ga N ( 2 N 10000). Dng th ba ghi hai s nguyn s, f l cc ch s ca hai nh ga cn tm cch t mua v vi chi ph nh nht i li gia chng. Dng th i trong s N - 1 dng tip theo ghi s nguyn l khong cch t nh ga A (ga 1) n nh ga th i + 1. Chi ph t nht t nh ga u tin A n nh ga cui cng B khng vt qu 109. Kt qu ghi ra file vn bn RTICKET.OUT chi ph nh nht tm c. V d:
RTICKET.INP 3 6 8 20 30 40 RTICKET.OUT 70

19

7 2 6 3 7 8 13 15 23

20

012. XIN CH

Gim c mt cng ty trch nhim hu hn mun xin ch k ca ng Kin trc s trng thnh ph ph duyt d n xy dng tr s lm vic ca cng ty. ng kin trc s trng ch k vo giy php khi b th k ca ng ta k duyt vo giy php. B th k lm vic ti tng th M ca to nh tr s lm vic gm M tng ca Vn phng Kin trc s trng thnh ph. Cc tng ca to nh c nh s t 1 n M, t thp n cao. Mi tng ca to nh c N phng c nh s t 1 n N t tri qua phi. Trong mi phng ch c mt nhn vin lm vic. Giy php ch c b th k k duyt khi c t nht mt nhn vin tng M k xc nhn. Ngoi b th k, mt nhn vin bt k ch k xc nhn vo giy php khi c t nht mt trong cc iu kin sau c tho mn: a) Nhn vin lm vic tng 1 b) Giy php c k xc nhn bi nhn vin lm vic cng s phng trong tng st di c) Giy php c k xc nhn bi nhn vin lm vic cng s phng trong tng st trn d) Giy php c k xc nhn bi nhn vin lm vic phng bn cnh Mi mt nhn vin (k c b th k) khi k xc nhn u i mt khon l ph. Hy ch ra cch xin c ch k ca Kin trc s trng i hi tng l ph phi tr l nh nht (gi thit rng ring ch k ca Kin trc s trng khng mt l ph). D liu vo t file vn bn SIGN.INP Dng u tin cha ba s M, N, P (1 M 50; 1 N 100; 1 P N) y P l s phng b th k. Dng th i trong s M dng tip theo cha N s nguyn dng theo th t l l ph phi tr cho cc nhn vin cc phng 1, 2, ..., N trn tng i. Cc s ny khng vt qu 109 v gi thit rng tng chi ph cn tr cng khng vt qu 109.

Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SIGN.OUT Dng u tin ghi 2 s F, K theo th t l chi ph cn tr v s lng phng cn i qua. K dng tip theo, mi dng ghi s tng v s phng ca mt phng theo th t cn i qua. (Cc s trn 1 dng ca input/output file cch nhau t nht 1 du trng) V d:
SIGN.INP 3 4 4 10 10 1 10 2 2 2 10 1 10 10 1 SIGN.OUT 9 6 1 3 2 3 2 2 2 1 3 1 3 4

21

013. L C N M KIM CNG

Lc l mt trang sc rt c cc c gi a chung. Chnh v vy m chng phi c ch to tht p v a dng. Xt vic ch to lc c m mt xch, mi mt c np mt vin kim cng. C n loi vin kim cng khc nhau, n 7; 2 m 27-n + 19. Hai lc c gi l khc nhau nu ta khng th tm cch t sao cho cc mt tng ng c kim cng cng loi. Lu rng lc c hnh vng. Vi m v n cho trc, hy xc nh xem c th tn ti bao nhiu loi lc khc nhau. Cc loi kim cng c k hiu l A, B, C, ... Mt cu hnh lc c xc nh bi mt xu m k t A, B, C, ... v bt u bng k t nh nht. Cho s th t l, hy xc nh cu hnh tng ng (Cc cu hnh c sp xp theo th t t in). D liu: Vo t file BRASLET.INP c dng mn l1 l2 ... Kt qu: a ra file BRASLET.OUT K - S lng lc khc nhau s1 s2 ... (si xc nh cu hnh lc tng ng vi li) V d:
BRASLET.INP 4 3 2 21 BRASLET.OUT 21 AAAB CCCC

22

014. R I S I
Xt tr chi ri si vi mt ngi chi nh sau: Cho cy T v mt ng si gm K vin mi bc ngi ta ly 1 vin si t ng si v t vo mt nt l tu chn Nu nt p c r nt l v tt c v tt c cc nt l u c si th ngi ta gom tt c cc vin si l li, t 1 vin nt p, xo cc nt l ca n v hon tr r - 1 vin si cn li vo ng si. Tr chi kt thc khi t c 1 vin si vo nt gc Nhim v t ra l theo cu trc ca cy T, xc nh s vin si ti thiu ban u tr chi c th kt thc bnh thng. Cy c n nt ( N 400), nt gc c nh s l 1. D liu: vo t file vn bn STONE.INP Dng u: s n Dng th i trong s n dng tip theo c dng: i m i1 i2 ... im. Trong m l s nt con ca nt i; i1, i2, ..., im: Cc nt con ca nt i. Kt qu: a ra file STONE.OUT s lng vin si ti thiu cn thit V d
STONE.INP 7 1 2 2 3 2 2 5 4 3 2 6 7 STONE.OUT 3

23

015. I P VIN
a bn hot ng ca mt ip vin l mt khu ph m ch c cc ng ph ngang, dc to thnh mt li vung. Vi mc ch bo mt, thay v tn ng ph, ip vin nh s cc ph ngang t 0 n m v cc ph dc t 0 n n. mt s ng ba hoc ng t c cc trm kim sot. Anh ta ang ng nt giao ca hai ng (i1, j1) (j1 - ng ngang; i1 - ng dc) v cn ti im hn giao ca hai ng (i2, j2). trnh b theo di, ng i phi khng qua cc trm kim sot v c ti ch r th nht thit phi i hng i, thm ch c th sang ng v i ngc tr li. Vic i hng ch c thc hin ng ba hoc ng t. Hy xc nh ng i ngn nht ti im hn hoc cho bit khng c ng i p ng c yu cu nu. D liu: vo t file SPY.INP Dng u: m n i1 j1 i2 j2 ( 0 m, n 100) Cc dng sau: mi dng 2 s i, j (to trm kim sot). Kt qu: a ra file SPY.OUT Dng u: di ng i ngn nht hoc thng bo NO nu khng c ng i. Cc dng sau: mi dng 2 s i, j ch nt tip theo cn ti theo ng i tm c, bt u l i1 j1 v kt thc l i2 j2. V d:
SPY.INP 4 5 0 0 5 4 0 1 0 4 2 2 2 3 4 0 5 2 5 3 -1 SPY.OUT 13 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 0 2 1 3 1 3 2 4 2 4 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 5 4

24

016. KHO NG CCH GI A HAI XU

Cho hai xu k t S1 v S2, mi xu c di khng qu 100 k t. Cho php thc hin cc php bin i sau y i vi xu k t: 1. Thay th mt k t no bi k t khc 2. i ch hai k t lin nhau 3. Chn mt k t vo sau v tr no 4. Xo bt 1 k t Ta gi khong cch gia hai xu S1 v S2 l s t nht cc php bin i nu trn cn p dng i vi xu S1 bin n thnh xu S2. Yu cu: Tnh khong cch gia 2 xu S1, S2 cho trc v ch ra th t cc php bin i. V d: Gi s S1 = 'Barney'; S2 = 'brawny'. Khong cch gia 2 xu l 4. Dy cc php bin i cn thc hin l: 1. Thay k t 1 ca S1 (B) bi b 2. i ch k t th 2 (a) v th 3 (r) ca S1. 3. Chn k t w vo S1 sau k t th 3. 4. Xo k t th 5 ca S1. Dy cc php bin i c th m t nh sau: 'Barney' 'barney' 'braney' 'brawney' 'brawny' D liu: vo t file vn bn STREDIT.INP c cu trc nh sau: Dng u tin cha xu S1 Dng th hai cha xu S2 Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn STREDIT.OUT Dng u tin ghi s lng cc php bin i cn s dng K Mi dng i trong s K dng tip theo m t php bin i c s dng ln th i gm cc tham s sau: cc tham s ghi trn 1 dng ghi cch nhau 1 du cch. 1, P, C (nu l php thay k t ti v tr P bng k t C) 2, I, I + 1 (nu l php i ch 2 k t th I v th I + 1) 3, P, C (nu l php chn k t C vo sau v tr P) 4, P (nu l php xo k t th P) V d:
STREDIT.INP Barney brawny STREDIT.OUT 4 1 1 b 2 2 3 3 3 w 4 5

25

017. X P L I B NG S
Cho mt bng vung gm m hng v n ct. Cc c nh ch s theo (hng, ct) t (0, 0) n (m - 1, n - 1). Trn m x n ngi ta vit cc s t nhin t 0 n m x n - 1 theo mt th t tu . Cho php i ch hai s t trong hai th m giao chn. Cn tm cch i ch cc s sao cho thu c bng c tnh cht: S (i, j) l n x i + j.

D liu vo t file vn bn BOARD.INP: cc s ghi trn 1 dng cch nhau t nht 1 du trng. Dng u ghi 2 s m, n (5 m, n 80) m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s t nhin theo ng th t cc s ghi trn hng i ca bng. Kt qu a ra file BOARD.OUT Dng th i cha 4 s X1, Y1, X2, Y2 cho bit ti bc th i cn i ch 2 s ti hai (X1, Y1) v (X2, Y2) V d: (n = m = 8)

B ng ban u 0 1 2 0 10 1 2 1 8 9 0 2 11 17 18 3 24 25 26 4 32 33 34 5 40 41 55 6 48 49 50
7 56 57 58

3 3 16 19 27 35 43 51
59

4 4 12 20 28 36 44 52
60

5 5 13 21 29 37 45 53
61

6 6 14 22 30 38 46 54
62

7 7 15 23 31 39 47 42
63

B ng c n t o 0 1 2 0 0 1 2 1 8 9 10 2 16 17 18 3 24 25 26 4 32 33 34 5 40 41 42 6 48 49 50
7 56 57 58

3 3 11 19 27 35 43 51
59

4 4 12 20 28 36 44 52
60

5 5 13 21 29 37 45 53
61

6 6 14 22 30 38 46 54
62

7 7 15 23 31 39 47 55
63

Input/Output File:
BOARD.INP 8 8 10 1 2 3 8 9 0 16 11 17 18 19 24 25 26 27 32 33 34 35 40 41 55 43 48 49 50 51 56 57 58 59 BOARD.OUT 1 2 0 0 2 0 3 2 3 2 1 3 3 2 2 0 6 7 7 5 7 5 6 3 6 3 7 1 7 1 5 2 7 1 6 3 6 3 7 5 7 5 6 7

4 12 20 28 36 44 52 60

5 13 21 29 37 45 53 61

6 14 22 30 38 46 54 62

7 15 23 31 39 47 42 63

26

018. THM KHU TRI N LM

Mt khu trin lm ngh thut c mxn phng c b tr trong mt hnh ch nht kch thc mxn (2m,n 20). Mi phng biu din bi mt v u c ca thng vi cc phng chung cnh vi n. Vi mi mt phng, ta nh ch s theo to (x, y) ca (1 hng xm; 1ct yn) v gn cho n mt ch ci in hoa ('A'..'Z') th hin loi ngh thut trng by ti phng . C th vo khu trin lm cc phng c to (x bt k, y = 1) v c th i ra cc phng c to (x bt k, y = n) V d vi m=10 v n=11: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 F F F F F B B B B B B 2 D C C F F A A A A A B 3 A F F F A A C F C A B 4 B F E F D A B B B B B 5 F F D E B A A A A A B 6 E E D E E E E E A B B 7 D D D E E E E E A B A 8 D C C F F F C C B A A 9 D C C F F F C C A A A 10 C C C C C C C C C C C Mt v th tng i thm trin lm c s thch c bit vi mt loi ngh thut. Yu cu ca ng ta "rt n gin" l khng nht thit phi i thm tt c cc phng cha loi ngh thut m ng ta thch nhng khng c i qua cc phng cha loi ngh thut khc. V d: i thm loi ngh thut B, Th tng c th i: (1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6), (2,6), (3,6), (4,6), (4,7), (4,8), (4,9), (4,10), (5,10), (6,10), (6,11). Nhng khng phi lun tn ti ng i nh vy, v d : nu Th tng mun i thm loi ngh thut A th khng th tm c mt ng i (Bi ct 6 ca bng khng c mt ch A no). c ng i ca v th tng i thm loi ngh thut A th nhng ngi qun l trin lm phi tm cch i loi ngh thut ti hai phng no . Trong v d ny th c ng i chng ta c th i loi ngh thut B phng (5,6) cho loi ngh thut A phng (3,1) hoc phng (3,7), (3,8), ... Trong nhng cch i , ngi ta thng quan tm n vic phi i sao cho tng s phng phi i l t nht c th c. Trong nhng cch i vi s cp phng phi i t nht hy ch ra cch i m con ng th tng phi i l ngn nht c th c. C th c nhiu nghim th ch cn ch ra mt nghim. D liu vo t file vn bn TL.INP bao gm: Dng u tin ghi s m, n Dng th hai ghi mt ch ci in hoa th hin loi ngh thut th tng mun thm. m dng tip theo, dng th i l mt xu k t di n biu din cc loi ngh thut trong cc phng trn hng i theo ng th t t ct 1 n ct n. Kt qu cho ra file vn bn TL.OUT bao gm: Dng u tin l s cp phng cn i (p). p dng tip theo mi dng gm 4 s a, b, c, d c ngha l ta cn i loi ngh thut ti phng (a,b) cho phng (c,d). Dng tip theo ghi s phng trn con ng i ngn nht tm c (q). q dng tip theo, mi dng ghi to x,y th hin cho con ng ngn nht theo ng th t phng i qua. Nu khng tn ti phng n i phng c ng i th ghi vo file TL.OUT mt dng: NO SOLUTION V d: Vi khu trin lm nh trn: 27

TL.INP 10 11 B BBBBBBFFFFF AAAAABDCCFF AFFFABAACFC BFEFABBBBBD FFDEABAAABA EEDEEEEEABB DDDEEEEEAAB DCCFFFCCABA DCCFFFCCAAA CCCCCCCCCCC

TL.OUT 0 16 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 4 10 5 10 6 10 6 11

TL.INP 10 11 A BBBBBBFFFFF AAAAABDCCFF AFFFABAACFC BFEFABBBBBD FFDEABAAABA EEDEEEEEABB DDDEEEEEAAB DCCFFFCCABA DCCFFFCCAAA CCCCCCCCCCC

TL.OUT 1 5 6 3 1 18 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 6 9 7 9 8 9 9 9 9 10 9 11

28

019. D MN
Cho mt bi mn kch thc mxn vung, trn mt c th c cha mt qu mn hoc khng, biu din bn mn , ngi ta c hai cch: Cch 1: dng bn nh du: s dng mt li vung kch thc mxn, trn ti (i, j) ghi s 1 nu c mn, ghi s 0 nu khng c mn Cch 2: dng bn mt : s dng mt li vung kch thc mxn, trn ti (i, j) ghi mt s trong khong t 0 n 8 cho bit tng s mn trong cc ln cn vi (i, j) ( ln cn vi (i, j) l c chung vi (i, j) t nht 1 nh). Gi thit rng hai bn c ghi chnh xc theo tnh trng mn trn hin trng. V d: Bn nh du v bn mt tng ng: (m = n = 10)
B n 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 nh d u 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 B n 1 3 2 3 2 4 2 4 2 3 3 5 2 3 2 5 2 3 0 2 m t 1 3 4 6 6 6 3 4 1 1 2 4 5 6 5 3 3 3 3 2 1 3 3 3 5 4 5 5 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 5 4 3 1 2 2 2 4 5 5 7 5 4 2 2 3 2 3 3 4 5 3 3 2 2 5 4 5 5 4 6 3 2 2 2 3 3 1 3 2 3 2 1

V nguyn tc, lc ci bi mn phi v c bn nh du v bn mt , tuy nhin sau mt thi gian di, khi ngi ta mun g mn ra khi bi th vn ht sc kh khn bi bn nh du b tht lc !!. Cng vic ca cc lp trnh vin l: T bn mt , hy ti to li bn nh du ca bi mn. D liu: Vo t file vn bn MINE.INP, cc s trn 1 dng cch nhau t nht 1 du cch Dng 1: Ghi 2 s nguyn dng m, n (2 m, n 80) m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s trn hng i ca bn mt theo ng th t t tri qua phi. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MINE.OUT, cc s trn 1 dng ghi cch nhau t nht 1 du cch Dng 1: Ghi tng s lng mn trong bi m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s trn hng i ca bn nh du theo ng th t t tri qua phi. V d:
MINE.INP 10 15 0 3 2 3 3 1 4 3 5 5 1 4 3 5 4 1 4 2 4 4 1 3 2 5 4 2 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 4 3 2 6 4 5 2 4 6 5 7 3 2 4 4 4 2 3 4 3 5 4 5 3 4 5 3 5 5 5 4 2 3 2 1 3 1 3 4 4 2 2 2 3 3 5 2 4 7 4 4 3 4 4 3 5 2 4 7 4 4 2 4 6 5 6 2 5 7 4 3 3 3 6 5 5 3 4 5 3 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 4 6 4 3 2 2 3 6 4 3 4 6 5 5 5 4 3 4 4 4 3 5 5 4 2 1 1 3 3 2 MINE.OUT 80 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

29

020. X P L I DY S
Cho dy A = (a1, a2, ..., an) l dy cc s nguyn dng i mt khc nhau. Hy lit k tt c cc cch hon v phn t ca dy A tho mn: gia hai gi tr M v N bt k trong hon v , khng tn ti gi tr P no : 2P = M + N. V d: Vi dy A l (11, 22, 33, 44) th Hon v (11, 44, 33, 22) l tho mn iu kin trn Hon v (11, 44, 22, 33) khng tho mn v c gi tr P = 22 nm gia hai gi tr M = 11 v N = 33 m: 22 * 2 = 11 + 33. D liu: Vo t file vn bn SORT.INP. Cc s trn 1 dng cch nhau t nht 1 du trng Dng 1: Ghi s n (2 n 11) Dng 2: Ghi gi tr n phn t ca dy A (1 ai 100). Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SORT.OUT. Cc s trn 1 dng cch nhau t nht 1 du trng Dng cui cng ghi s lng hon v tm c (K) K dng trc dng cui cng, mi dng ghi 1 hon v tm c V d:
SORT.INP 4 11 22 33 44 SORT.OUT 11 33 22 11 33 44 22 11 44 22 44 11 22 44 33 33 11 22 33 11 44 33 44 11 44 22 11 44 22 33 10 44 22 33 33 11 44 22 22 33 11

30

021. CO DY BT PHN
Cho mt bng A kch thc 8x8; Cc dng v cc ct c nh s t 0 n 7. Trn mi ca bng cha mt s nguyn trong khong t 0 n 7. Cho dy X = (x1, x2, ..., xn), c cc phn t xi N; 0 xi 7. (2 n 200). Vi i: 1 i < n. Php co R(i) thc hin trn dy X: Xo hai phn t xi v xi+1 v thay vo gi tr nm trn hng xi, ct xi+1 ca bng A, sau dy X c nh ch s li t tri qua phi bt u t 1. V d:
A 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 1 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 7 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d : V i b ng A nh trn v dy X = (0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2) n u ta th c hi n php R(3) th ta s c dy (0, 1, 1, 1, 2). N u th c hi n ti p R(4) th ta s c dy (0, 1, 1, 3). Th c hi n ti p R(2) th s c dy (0, 2, 3). Th c hi n p R(1) th s cn (2, 3) v th c hi n R(1) m t l n n a s c (1).

V co ti

Yu cu: cho trc mt gi tr V (0 V 7), hy tm mt th t thc hin n - 1 php co trn dy X gi tr cn li cui cng l V. Nu c nhiu phng n th ch cn cho bit mt. D liu vo t file vn bn OCT.INP 8 dng u tin, dng th i ghi 8 s trn hng th i - 1 ca bng A theo ng th t t tri qua phi Dng th 9 ghi s n Dng th 10 ghi n s: x1, x2, ..., xn theo ng th t. Dng th 11 ghi gi tr V. Kt qu ghi ra file vn bn OCT.INP, ch gm 1 dng, trn : Ghi s 0 nu khng tn ti phng n s dng n - 1 php co cho gi tr V. Hoc ghi (theo ng th t thc hin) n - 1 v tr ca cc php co trn dy X cho gi tr V. Ch : Cc s trn 1 dng ca Input/Output File ghi cch nhau t nht 1 du cch. V d:
OCT.INP 5 7 2 1 0 6 0 0 0 4 5 1 2 5 6 5 2 7 1 3 2 5 2 4 6 3 5 6 0 6 0 1 15 5 2 3 0 6 7 1 3 5 7 6 7 3 1 3 6 3 3 0 6 3 4 1 6 2 5 4 0 4 0 6 1 5 1 5 2 4 OCT.OUT 13 13 10 10 10 9 7 7 6 5 3 3 2 1

1 6 1 0 4 2 4 3 2 4 4

31

022. TUY N BAY

C N thnh ph v M ng hng khng hai chiu gia mt s cp thnh ph no , cc ng bay c qun l bi 16 hng hng khng. Cc thnh ph c nh s t 1 ti N (N 100) v cc hng c nh s t 1 ti 16. c bit chi ph bay trc tip gia hai thnh ph i, j bt k (nu nh c ng bay ) l C. Nu ang i my bay ca mt hng n sn bay no ri chuyn sang my bay ca hng khc th s phi mt thm mt khon ph ph A. Yu cu: Cho trc hai thnh ph S v F, hy tm hnh trnh bay t thnh ph S n thnh ph F vi chi ph t nht. Vi gi thit rng lun lun tn ti cch bay t S ti F. D liu: Vo t file vn bn AIRLINES.INP. Trong : Dng 1 ghi su s nguyn dng N, M, C, A, S, F. (1 A, C 100) M dng tip theo, mi dng c dng u v k1 k2 ... cho bit rng gia thnh ph u v thnh ph v c ng bay v k1, k2, ... l s hiu cc hng s hu ng bay Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn AIRLINES.OUT. Trong : Dng 1: Ghi chi ph ti thiu phi tr Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi mt b ba i, j, k. Th hin ti bc s bay t thnh ph i n thnh ph j bi my bay ca hng k. Th t cc dng phi theo ng th t bay trong hnh trnh. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d: Vi mng li ng khng nh di y: cn i t thnh ph 1 n thnh ph 5. Chi ph ng bay trc tip gia hai thnh ph bt k C = 3, ph ph chuyn tuyn A = 2. Cc s ghi bn cnh cc ng bay trc tip l tn cc hng s hu ng bay .
AIRLINES.INP 15 16 3 2 1 5 1 2 1 2 3 1 3 4 1 2 3 9 2 4 9 1 5 10 1 3 6 7 1 6 11 1 7 8 1 7 13 2 8 9 1 10 15 3 11 12 1 12 13 1 13 14 1 3 14 15 1 3 AIRLINES.OUT 37 1 2 1 2 3 1 3 4 1 4 9 1 9 8 1 8 7 1 7 13 2 13 14 3 14 15 3 15 10 3 10 5 3

1&2

4 1 9

5 1&3

2 1 6 1 11 1 12 1 7 1 1 8

10 3

2 1&3 1&3

13

14

15

32

023. M PH NG CC PHP TON

Cho hai s nguyn dng a v b (1 b a < 101000), hy tnh a + b, a - b, a * b, a div b, a mod b. D liu: Vo t file vn bn OPT.INP Dng 1: Cha s a Dng 2: Cha s b Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn OPT.OUT Dng 1: Ghi gi tr a + b Dng 2: Ghi gi tr a - b Dng 3: Ghi gi tr a * b Dng 4: Ghi gi tr a div b Dng 5: Ghi gi tr a mod b V d:
OPT.INP 56 50 OPT.OUT 106 6 2800 1 6 OPT.INP 987111 67890 OPT.OUT 1055001 919221 67014965790 14 36651

33

024. DY CON C A DY NH PHN

Xt dy B0, B1, B2, ..., Bn l cc dy cc xu nh phn, c xy dng nh sau: B0 = '1' Vi i: (i 1) th Bi l ghp ca Bi-1 vi (Bi-1). Trong (S) l xu c to thnh t xu S bng cch o tt c cc s 1 thnh 0 v s 0 thnh 1
B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 = = = = = = = 1 10 1001 10010110 1001011001101001 10010110011010010110100110010110 1001011001101001011010011001011001101001100101101001011001101001

... Yu cu: Cho trc s nguyn dng n 30 v mt s k 2n. hy cho bit k t th k ca Bn l k t 0 hay 1.

34

025. T NG CC CH
Cho trc hai s nguyn dng n v k (n 20, k 30).

Yu cu 1: Hy cho bit c bao nhiu s c n ch s m tng cc ch s ng bng k Yu cu 2: Cho s nguyn dng p, hi nu em cc s tm c sp xp theo th t tng dn th s th p l s no. (p khng ln hn s lng cc s tm c) D liu: Vo t file vn bn DIGITSUM.INP gm 1 dng cha ba s n, k, p theo ng th t cch nhau 1 du cch. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn DIGITSUM.OUT gm 2 dng Dng 1: Ghi s lng cc s tm c trong yu cu 1 Dng 2: Ghi s th p trong yu cu 2 tm c V d:
DIGITSUM.INP 3 8 10 DIGITSUM.OUT 45 107

35

026. NG I NHI U I M NH T
Cho mt bng A kch thc m x n (1 m, n 100), trn ghi cc s nguyn aij (aij 100). Mt ngi xut pht ti no ca ct 1, cn sang ct n (ti no cng c). Quy tc i: T (i, j) ch c quyn sang mt trong 3 (i, j + 1); (i - 1, j + 1); (i + 1, j + 1). Xem hnh v: 1 7 1 4 2 6 2 7 6 5 3 8 7 6 4 7 9 7 2 6

Yu cu: Hy tm v tr xut pht v mt hnh trnh i t ct 1 sang ct n sao cho tng cc s ghi trn ng i l ln nht. D liu: Vo t file vn bn MAX.INP. Trong : Dng 1: Ghi hai s m, n l s hng v s ct ca bng. m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s trn hng i ca bng theo ng th t t tri qua phi. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MAX.OUT. Trong : Dng 1: Ghi s im ti a c c n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi ch s hng ca th i trong hnh trnh. Cc s trn 1 dng trong Input/ Output file cch nhau t nht 1 du cch V d:
1 2 3 4 5 1 9 0 8 1 7 2 -2 -1 -2 -1 -2 3 6 6 8 6 6 4 2 7 2 2 2 5 1 1 5 1 1 6 3 3 3 6 3 7 4 3 2 1 7

MAX.INP 5 7 9 -2 6 2 0 -1 6 7 8 -2 8 2 1 -1 6 2 7 -2 6 2

1 1 5 1 1

3 3 3 6 3

4 3 2 1 7

MAX.OUT 41 1 2 3 2 3 4 5

36

027. K HO CH THU NHN CNG

Gim c iu hnh ca mt Cng ty tin hc cn xc nh s lng nhn cng cn s dng trong mi thng thc hin mt d n pht trin tin hc. ng gim c nm c s lng nhn cng ti thiu cn cho mi thng. Mi ln thu hoc sa thi mt nhn cng lun mt thm mt khon chi ph. Mi khi mt th no c thu, anh ta lun nhn c tin lng ngay c khi khng lm vic. Gim c nm c chi ph thu mt nhn cng mi, chi ph sa thi mt nhn cng, lng thng ca mt nhn cng. Vn t ra cho gim c l phi xc nh s lng nhn cng cn thu hay sa thi trong mi thng cho chi ph thc hin d n l ti thiu. D liu: Vo t file vn bn PROJECT.INP. Dng u tin ghi thi gian thc hin d n n (n v tnh: thng, n 12) Dng th hai cha ba s nguyn dng theo th t l chi ph thu mt nhn cng mi, lng thng ca mt nhn cng, chi ph sa thi mt nhn cng. Dng cui cng ghi n s nguyn dng d1, d2, ..., dn, trong di l s lng nhn cng cn s dng trong thng i.

Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn PROJECT.OUT Dng u tin ghi chi ph ti thiu tm c Mi dng th i trong s n dng tip theo ghi s si. c hiu l: Nu si > 0 th n l s lng nhn cng cn thu thm thng i. Nu si < 0 th si l s lng nhn cng cn sa thi thng i Nu si = 0 th khng c bin ng nhn s trong thng i ca d n

V d:
PROJECT.INP 3 4 5 6 10 9 11 PROJECT.OUT 199 10 0 1

37

028. DY CC HNH CH

NH T

Gi s ABCD l mt hnh ch nht trn mt phng to c cc nh: A (0, 0); B(0, 1); C(K, 1) v D(K, 0). Ta xem hnh ny l hnh c s hiu 1. Hnh c s hiu 2 xy dng trn cnh Bc ca hnh 1 v cnh kia gp K ln. Hnh c s hiu 3 xy dng trn cnh ty ca hnh ch nht hp cc hnh 1 v 2 v cnh kia gp K ln. Hnh c s hiu 4 xy dng trn cnh nam ca hp cc hnh 1,2,3 v cnh kia gp K ln. Hnh c s hiu 5 xy dng trn cnh ng ca hp cc hnh 1,2,3,4 v cnh kia gp K ln. Tng t quy lut vi cc hnh mang th t 6,7... Bi ton t ra l cho trc 3 s thc K,X,Y, hy cho bit s hiu nh nht ca hnh ch nht cha im c to (X,Y) D liu: Vo t bi file vn bn REC.INP gm 1 s dng. Mi dng gm 3 s K,X,Y vi ngha nu trn. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn REC.OUT nh sau: Vi mi dng ca file d liu ghi trn 1 dng s hiu ca im cho: Ch : K, X, Y c th c ti 100 ch s. V d:
REC.INP 3 0 1 2 7 -2 4 1 17 REC.OUT 1 5 2

W S

38

029. SN C T
Trn mt nn phng c chia thnh cc li vung n v gm mxn (m, n 100), ngi ta t chng kht ln nhau cc khi lp phng n v thnh nhng ct. Khi di cng ca ct chim trn mt ca li. Chiu cao ca mi ct c tnh bng s khi lp phng n v to thnh ct . Sau khi xp xong ton b cc ct, ngi ta tin hnh sn cc mt nhn thy c ca cc ct. Yu cu: Bit chiu cao ca mi ct, hy tnh s n v din tch cn sn. D liu vo t trong file vn bn PAINT.INP. Trong : Dng u tin ghi hai s nguyn dng m, n l kch thc ca li nn (m hng, n ct) m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s nguyn khng m, s nguyn th j biu th chiu cao ca ct dng ti (i, j) ca li. Cc s cch nhau t nht mt du cch. Kt qu ra t trong file vn bn PAINT.OUT, ghi s din tch cn sn. V d: Vi hnh v bn, cc ct c xy trn nn kch thc 2x3. Cc file d liu vo v kt qu ra s l:
PAINT.INP 2 3 4 3 4 1 2 1 PAINT.OUT 42

39

030. C T V I
Mt c s may mc chuyn sn xut khn vung mi kch c, nguyn liu l cc tm vi. Vi mt tm vi hnh ch nht chiu di m n v v chiu rng n n v (m, n nguyn dng khng qu 100), ngi ta c hai cch ct, ct ngang v ct dc. c im ca mi thao tc ct l: mi ln ct bt buc phi ct ri mt mnh vi hnh ch nht thnh hai mnh khc cng hnh ch nht v kch thc hai mnh ct ri cng phi l s nguyn.

Yu cu: Cho trc tm vi kch thc m x n. Hy tm cch ct tm vi thnh nhng mnh vung ( khng c li mt mnh no khng vung) sao cho s mnh vung ct ra l t nht. D liu: Vo t file vn bn CUT.INP gm 1 dng cha hai s m, n cch nhau 1 du cch Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CUT.OUT. Trong : Dng 1: Ghi s K l s mnh vung ti thiu c th ct ra c K dng tip theo, mi dng ghi 3 s X, Y, d. y (X, Y) l to vung gc tri trn ca mt hnh vung ct ra c v d l di cnh hnh vung . Quy c to ca gc tri trn hnh ch nht ban u l (1, 1). To ca gc phi di hnh ch nht ban u l (m, n). Ba s X, Y, d ghi cch nhau t nht 1 du cch. V d: 1 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 6

CUT.INP 4 6

CUT.OUT 3 1 1 4 1 5 2 3 5 2

40

031. CHIA K O
Cho n gi ko nh s t 1 n n, gi ko th i c Ai vin ko. Gi thit 2 n 200 v 1 Ai 200 vi i: 1 i n. Yu cu: Chia n gi ko cho lm hai nhm sao cho hiu s ko ca hai nhm chnh lch nhau t nht, nu c nhiu cch chia th ch cn ch ra mt cch. D liu: Vo t file vn bn CANDY.INP. Trong : Dng u tin ghi s n n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi s Ai Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CANDY.OUT. Trong : Dng u tin ghi hai s m1 v c1 cch nhau t nht mt du cch, m1 l s gi nhm I, c1 l s ko nhm I. m1 dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s mt gi ko c chn vo nhm I Dng m1+2 ghi hai s m2 v c2 cch nhau t nht mt du cch, m2 l s gi nhm II, c2 l s ko nhm II. m2 dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s mt gi ko c chn vo nhm II V d:
CANDY.INP 6 100 4 9 5 6 98 CANDY.OUT 3 111 1 4 5 3 111 2 3 6 CANDY.INP 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 CANDY.OUT 6 27 2 3 4 5 6 7 4 28 1 8 9 10

41

032. B NG QUAN H
Cho bng vung A, kch thc nxn, cc phn t l s nguyn {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}. Gi thit 2 n 200. Bng A gi l tng thch vi dy T = (t1, t2, ..., tn), hay dy T tng thch vi bng A nu: Aij = 0 ti = tj Aij = 1 ti < tj Aij = -1 ti > tj Aij = 2 ti tj Aij = -2 ti tj Aij = 3 ti tj (Vi mi i, j: 1 i, j n) V d: Dy T = (1, 4, 5, 4, 5, 9) tng thch vi bng: A 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 -2 0 1 0 2 2 3 -2 -1 0 3 0 1 4 -2 -2 3 0 1 1 5 -1 -2 0 -1 0 1 6 -1 -2 -1 -1 -1 0 Dy T = (10, 20, 30, 20, 30, 40) cng tng thch vi bng Yu cu, cho trc bng quan h A, hy tm dy s nguyn dng T = (t1, t2, ..., tn) tng thch vi bng A m max(T) l b nht c th. Bit rng lun tn ti mt dy nh vy D liu: Vo t file vn bn REL.INP: Dng 1: Cha s n n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s trn dng i ca bng A theo ng th t t Ai1 n Ain Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn REL.OUT: Ch gm 1 dng ghi n s ca dy T tm c theo ng th t t t1 n tn. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/ Output File cch nhau t nht 1 du cch V d:
REL.INP 6 0 1 1 1 2 -2 0 1 0 2 -2 -1 0 3 0 -2 -2 3 0 1 -1 -2 0 -1 0 -1 -2 -1 -1 -1 REL.OUT 1 2 3 2 3 4 2 2 1 1 1 0

42

033. ONG N C
Nn phng ca mt cng trng xy dng c chia thnh li vung n v kch thc mxn . Trn mi (i, j) ca li, ngi ta dng mt ct b tng hnh hp c y l (i, j) v chiu cao l Hij n v. Sau khi dng xong, th tri ma to v lu. Gi thit rng nc khng thNm thu qua cc ct b tng cng nh khng r r qua cc ng ghp gia chng. Yu cu: Xc nh lng nc ng gia cc ct Ch k thut: m, n, Hij l cc s nguyn dng. 1 m, n 100. 1 Hij 1000 D liu: Vo t file vn bn WATER.INP c ghi di khun dng sau: m n Dng 1: H11 H12 ... H1n Dng 2: H21 H22 ... H2n Dng 3: ... ... Dng m + 1: Hm1 Hm2 ... Hmn Cc s trn 1 dng cc nhau t nht 1 du cch Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn WATER.OUT cha s n v khi nc ng V d:
WATER.INP 5 5 9 9 9 9 9 9 2 2 2 9 9 2 1 2 9 9 2 2 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 WATER.OUT 64 WATER.INP 5 7 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 WATER.OUT 27 3 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3

WATER.INP 10 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9

WATER.OUT 128 9 9 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

43

034. TR TI N
Nc Silverland s dng h thng 20 loi tin xu, trong cc xu c mnh gi l mt s chnh phng t 12 n 202: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225, 256, 289, 324, 361, 400. Vi h thng ny, tr 10 xu ta c 4 cch: 1. Tr 10 ng 1 xu 2. Tr 6 ng 1 xu v 1 ng 4 xu 3. Tr 2 ng 1 xu v 2 ng 4 xu 4. Tr 1 ng 1 xu v 1 ng 9 xu Nhim v ca bn l xc nh xem c bao nhiu cch tr mt s tin cho trc Silverland v cho bit mt cch tr phi dng t ng xu nht. D liu vo t file vn bn COIN.INP Ghi s tin nguyn dng khng ln hn 666 xu. Kt qu: a ra file vn bn COIN.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s cch tr s tin ghi trong file d liu Dng 2: Ghi s ng xu ti thiu phi tr Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s a, b cch nhau t nht mt du cch: cho bit s c a ng xu loi mnh gi b2 trong phng n ti u (dng t ng xu nht) V d:
COIN.INP 10 COIN.OUT 4 2 1 3 1 1 COIN.INP 19 COIN.OUT 10 3 1 1 2 3 COIN.INP 499 COIN.OUT 9508585 3 2 15 1 7

44

035. HON V CH
Cho mt xu S ch gm cc ch ci in hoa, 1 di 9. Hy lp chng trnh tr li hai cu hi sau: C bao nhiu cch hon v cc ch ci ca xu S Lit k cc hon v theo th t t in.

CI

D liu: Vo t file vn bn PERMUTE.INP gm 1 dng cha xu S Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn PERMUTE.OUT. Dng 1: Ghi s lng hon v tm c (K) K dng tip theo, mi dng ghi mt xu hon v ca xu S (phi lit k theo ng th t t in)
PERMUTE.INP ABAB PERMUTE.OUT 6 AABB ABAB ABBA BAAB BABA BBAA

45

036. D

TI C BN TRN

C n nh khoa hc nh s 1, 2, ..., n v 26 lnh vc khoa hc k hiu A, B, C, ..., Z. Thng tin v ngi th i c cho bi mt xu k t Si gm cc ch ci in hoa th hin nhng lnh vc khoa hc m ngi bit. V d: S2 = 'ABCXYZ' cho bit nh khoa hc th 2 c hiu bit v cc lnh vc A, B, C, X, Y, Z. Mt ln c n nh khoa hc n d mt ba tic. Ch nhn ca ba tic nh xp n nh khoa hc ngi quanh mt bn trn, nhng mt vn khin ch nhn rt kh x l cc nh khoa hc ca chng ta c hiu bit x hi tng i km, nn nu nh phi ngi cnh mt ai khng hiu bit g v cc lnh vc ca mnh th rt kh ni chuyn. Vy hy gip ch nhn xp n nh khoa hc ngi quanh bn trn sao cho hai ngi bt k ngi cnh nhau phi c t nht mt lnh vc hiu bit chung, cc nh khoa hc ca chng ta khng nhng n ngon m cn c th tr chuyn rm r. D liu: Vo t file vn bn PARTY.INP. Trong : Dng 1: Ghi s n n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi xu k t Si Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn PARTY.OUT gm n dng. Dng th i ghi nh khoa hc ngi ti v tr i ca bn (Cc v tr trn bn trn c nh s t 1 n n theo chiu kim ng h) Lu : n 20 Nu c nhiu cch xp th ch cn ch ra mt cch Nu khng c cch xp th ghi vo file PARTY.OUT mt dng: NO SOLUTION V d:
PARTY.INP 6 AV DIQR DV CQ AC DR PARTY.OUT 1 3 6 2 4 5 PARTY.INP 10 AX BI ABTX AS IK KS BE AB EK AK PARTY.OUT 1 3 2 5 6 4 8 7 9 10 PARTY.INP 6 AB BC CD DE EF FG PARTY.OUT NO SOLUTION

46

037. TRO BI
C 2n l bi, trn ghi ln lt cc s t 1 n 2n (mi l bi ghi mt s v khng c hai l bi no trng s). Ban u cc l bi c xp chng nhau theo th t t l bi ghi s 1 n l bi ghi s 2n t di ln trn. Sau ngi ta tin hnh tro cc l bi theo cch: Nu th t cc l bi t di ln ang l: (1, 2, 3 ..., n, n + 1, n + 2, n + 3, ..., 2n) S tro thnh th t mi: (n + 1, 1, n + 2, 2, n + 3, 3, ..., 2n, n). Bng cch i vai tr cc l bi cho nhau, ta c th hnh dung ra c cch tro trong cc ln tip theo. V d: n = 3 Trng thi ban u: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) Sau ln tro th nht: (4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3) (Xem hnh v) Sau ln tro th hai: (2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5) Sau ln tro th ba: (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

6 5 4 2 3 2 1 1 4 5 3 6

Cch tro bi ny rt hay c s dng, tng rng n s to ra mt hon v hon ton "v t" i vi cc qun bi nhng thc ra khng phi nh vy, sau mt s hu hn ln tro, tp bi li tr v trng thi ban u nh cha tro. V d nh b bi c 52 qun (n = 26) th ch qua 52 ln tro l u vn hon y, hay b bi c 104 qun (n = 52) th ch qua c 12 ln tro l s tr v trng thi ban u. Nhim v ca bn l khi bit c s n l mt na s qun bi, hy tnh xem sau t nht bao nhiu ln tro th tp bi s tr v trng thi ban u. D liu: Vo t file vn bn CARD.INP ch gm 1 dng ghi s nguyn dng n ( n 10000) Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CARD.OUT cng ch gm 1 dng ghi mt s nguyn dng, l s ln tro ti thiu tp bi tr li trng thi ban u. V d:
CARD.INP 999 CARD.OUT 333 CARD.INP 26 CARD.OUT 52 CARD.INP 9875 CARD.OUT 9875

47

038. I X NG HO
nh ngha: Mt xu k t X gi l cha xu k t Y nu nh c th xo bt mt s k t trong xu X c xu Y: V d: Xu '1a2b3c45d' cha xu '12345'. Mt xu k t gi l i xng nu n khng thay i khi ta vit cc k t trong xu theo th t ngc li: V d: 'abcABADABAcba', 'MADAM' l cc xu i xng Cho trc mt xu k t S c di khng qu 128. Hy tm xu k t T tho mn c 3 iu kin: 1. i xng 2. Cha xu S 3. C t k t nht (c di ngn nht) Lu rng vi mt xu S, nu c nhiu xu T tho mn ng thi 3 iu kin trn th ch cn cho bit mt. Chng hn vi S = 'a_101_b' th chn T = 'ab_101_ba' hay T = 'ba_101_ab' u ng. D liu: Vo t file vn bn STR.INP ch gm 1 dng cha xu k t S Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn STR.OUT cng ch gm 1 dng ghi xu k t T V d: Mt vi file d liu vo v file kt qu tng ng:
STR.INP MADAM STR.OUT MADAM STR.INP edbabcd STR.OUT edcbabcde

STR.INP 00_11_22_33_222_1_000

STR.OUT 000_11_222_33_222_11_000

STR.INP abcdefg_hh_gfe_1_d_2_c_3_ba

STR.OUT ab_3_c_2_d_1_efg_hh_gfe_1_d_2_c_3_ba

48

039. M NG MY TNH
Trn mt nn phng vi h to Decattes vung gc t n my tnh v m cp mng ni chng. Cc my tnh c nh s 1, 2, ..., n v cc cp mng c nh s 1, 2, ..., m. V tr ca my tnh th i c cho bi to (Xi, Yi), cp mng th j c cho ni gia hai my tnh (pj, qj). Hai my tnh bt k c th chuyn thng tin cho nhau bng mt trong hai cch: Truyn trc tip qua cp ni chng (nu c) hoc truyn qua mt s my trung gian. Yu cu: Ngi ta mun ni thm cc dy cp mng sau cho hai my bt k trong c h thng n my tnh u c th chuyn thng tin cho nhau. Hy ch ra cch ni thm cc dy cp mng sao cho tng di cc dy cp ni thm l t nht, gi thit rng cc dy cp mng c ni theo ng thng gia hai my. D liu: Vo t file vn bn NET.INP theo khun dng sau:
Dng 1 2 3 ... n + 1 n + 2 n + 3 ... n + m + 1 N i dung n m x1 y1 x2 y2 ... xn yn p1 q1 p2 q2 ... pm qm

Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn NET.OUT. Trong : Dng 1: Ghi s nguyn dng K v s thc L. K l s dy cp mng phi ni thm v L l tng di cc dy cp mng ni thm (L ly chnh xc ti 6 ch s sau du chm thp phn). K dng tip theo, mi dng ghi s hiu hai my tnh, cho bit s t thm dy cp mng ni hai my tnh Lu : 1. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/ Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch 2. 1 n 1000; 0 m 10000 v to ca cc my tnh l s nguyn c gi tr tuyt i khng qu 1000. V d:
NET.INP 9 5 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 4.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 1 4 2 3 4 7 5 8 6 9 NET.OUT 3 3.000000 1 2 4 5 3 6
7 4 1 8 5 2 9 6 3

49

040. L T MI N
Cho n qun -mi-n xp dng ng theo hng ngang v c nh s t 1 n n. Qun -mi-n th i c s ghi trn l ai v s ghi di l bi. Xem hnh v: 1 1 6 2 1 3 3 4 1 4 4 1 5 0 6 6 6 1

Bit rng 1 n 100 v 0 ai, bi 6 vi i: 1 i n. Cho php lt ngc cc qun -mi-n. Khi mt qun -mi-n th i b lt, n s c s ghi trn l bi v s ghi di l ai. Vn t ra l hy tm cch lt cc qun -mi-n sao cho chnh lch gia tng cc s ghi hng trn v tng cc s ghi hng di l ti thiu. Nu c nhiu phng n lt tt nh nhau, th ch ra phng n phi lt t qun nht. D liu: Vo t file vn bn DOMINO.INP. Trong : Dng 1 ghi s n Dng 2 ghi n s a1, a2, ..., an theo ng th t. Dng 3 ghi n s b1, b2, ..., bn theo ng th t. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn DOMINO.OUT. Trong : Dng 1: Ghi s qun -mi-n b lt (C) Dng 2: Ghi ch s ca C qun -mi-n b lt Dng 3: Ghi chnh lch gia tng cc s hng trn v tng cc s hng di sau khi lt. Cc s trn mt hng ca Input/ Output File cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
DOMINO.INP 6 1 1 4 4 0 6 6 3 1 1 6 1 DOMINO.OUT 2 6 5 0

50

041. S

NH PHN L N NH T

Xu nh phn l xu k t ch gm cc ch s 0 v 1. Ngi ta ni xu nh phn X l xu con ca xu nh phn Y nu c th xa bt mt s k t trong xu Y c xu X. V d: Xu '0101' l xu con ca xu '000111000111'. Lu rng nu nh xu X = xu Y th xu X cng c coi l xu con ca xu Y. Nu coi xu nh phn l biu din nh phn ca mt s nguyn th s nguyn gi l tr s ca xu nh phn. Yu cu: Cho trc hai xu nh phn A v B, hy tm mt xu nh phn C l xu con ca c A v B m tr s ca C l ln nht c th c. D liu: Nhp t file vn bn BSTR.INP gm 2 dng: Dng 1: Ghi xu nh phn A Dng 2: Ghi xu nh phn B Kt qu: To file vn bn BSTR.OUT gm 1 dng ghi xu nh phn C tm c. V d:
BSTR.INP 00000000101000101010 1000000000000010101 BSTR.OUT 1000010101 BSTR.INP 110011001100 001100110011 BSTR.OUT 1100110011

51

042. SN CC HNH CH
Mt bng hnh ch nht phng c chia thnh cc min hnh ch nht khng giao nhau v c cnh song song vi cnh ca bng. Ngi ta mun sn cc min ch nht ny, mi min s c sn bng mt mu nh sn. V khi sn c hin tng sn chy xung pha di nn mt min ch nht pha di ch c php sn khi m cc min trn, c nh hng ti n c sn. Theo hnh bn th min 2 ch c sn sau khi min 5 v min 7 sn xong. Ni mt cch chnh xc: Min A bt buc phi sn sau min B nu c hai iu kin sau tha mn: 1. Hnh chiu ca min A v min B trn trc honh c t nht hai im chung 2. Tung tm min B ln hn tung tm min A
y 6

NH T

4 () 6 (xanh) 3 (xanh) 5 () 7 (xanh)

5 4

2 1

2 (xanh)

1 ()

sn tt c cc min, ngi ta s dng mt h thng chi sn mu sc, hai chi sn khc nhau c mu khc nhau. Hy tm th t sn cc min ch nht sao cho s ln phi thay chi l t nht. D liu: Vo t file vn bn PAINT.INP. Trong : Dng u tin ghi s min ch nht trong bng (n) n dng tip theo, Dng th i ghi thng tin v min th i gm 5 s nguyn X1 Y1 X2 Y2 C theo ng th t . (X1, Y1) l ta nh tri di, (X2, Y2) l ta nh phi trn, C l m mu cn t cho min. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn PAINT.OUT. Trong Dng 1: Ghi s ln thay chi t nht (tnh c ln u tin khi bt u sn) Dng 2: Ghi s hiu cc min ch nht theo ng th t s t. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/ Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. Gii hn: 1 n 20; 1 m mu 15; 0 cc ta 100; V d: Vi hnh v trong bi, s 2 l m mu v s 1 l m mu xanh.
PAINT.INP 7 4 0 6 3 2 0 0 4 2 1 4 3 6 5 1 2 5 6 6 2 2 2 4 5 2 0 4 2 6 1 0 2 2 4 1 PAINT.OUT 3 4 5 3 6 7 2 1

52

043. PHN HO CH TAM GIC

Xt mt a gic li vi n cnh, cc nh c nh s theo th t t 1 ti n. Mt b n - 3 ng cho i mt khng ct nhau s chia a gic cho thnh n - 2 tam gic. Ta gi b gm n - 3 ng cho l mt php tam gic phn ca a gic li ban u. Trng s ca mt php tam gic phn l tng di cc ng cho c s dng trong php phn hoch. Yu cu: Cho trc mt a gic li, hy tm mt php tam gic phn nh nht (c trng s nh nht) D liu: Vo t file vn bn POLYGON.INP. Trong : Dng 1: Ghi s nh n ca a gic cho n dng tip theo, dng th i gm 2 s thc Xi, Yi theo th t l honh v tung ca nh th i. (Cc nh c lit k theo ng th t gi tn a gic) Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn POLYGON.OUT. Trong : Dng 1: Ghi trng s ca php tam gic phn nh nht n - 3 dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s nguyn dng i, j cho bit c s dng ng cho ni nh i vi nh j trong php phn hoch tm c Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. Gii hn: 1. n nguyn dng, 4 n 100 2. Cc to nh l s thc: Xi, Yi 106 3. Trng s ca php tam gic phn nh nht c ghi di dng s thc lm trn ly 6 ch s sau du chm thp phn. V d:
POLYGON.INP 6 4 0 5 1 6 4 2 4 0 3 2 1 POLYGON.OUT 12.000000 2 6 2 4 4 6

53

044. CC THNH PH N LIN THNG M NH

Cho th c hng G = (V, E) gm n nh v m cung. Mt th con G' ca G c gi l mt thnh phn lin thng mnh nu hai iu kin sau tho mn: 1. Hoc G' ch gm 1 nh, hoc vi hai nh i, j bt k ca G' lun tn ti ng i t nh i ti nh j. 2. Vic thm vo G' mt nh bt k s lm hng tnh cht 1 Yu cu: Cho bit s thnh phn lin thng mnh ca th cho v lit k tt c cc thnh phn lin thng mnh. D liu: Vo t file vn bn GRAPH.INP, trong : Dng 1: Ghi hai s n, m m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s nguyn dng x, y th hin c cung ni t nh x ti nh y Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn GRAPH.OUT, trong : Dng 1: Ghi s thnh phn lin thng mnh (K) K dng tip theo, dng th i, ghi cc nh thuc thnh phn lin thng mnh th i tm c Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/ Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch Gii hn: 1 n 1000; 1 m 3000 V d:
GRAPH.INP 4 4 1 2 2 3 3 1 3 4 GRAPH.OUT 2 1 2 3 4

54

045. M GRAY
Mt hnh trn c chia lm 2 hnh qut ng tm, cc hnh qut c nh s t 1 ti 2n theo chiu kim ng h. Hy ch ra mt cch xp tt c s t 0 ti 2n - 1 vo cc hnh qut, mi s vo mt hnh qut sao cho bt c hai s no hai hnh qut cnh nhau u ch khc nhau ng 1 bt trong biu din nh phn ca n. V d: Vi n = 4: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111
6 14 10 4 12 n

11

9 15 7 5

13

D liu: Nhp t bn phm s nguyn dng n. Gii hn (1 n 20). Kt qu: Ghi ra File (of LongInt) GRAYCODE.OUT gm 2n s nguyn kiu LongInt theo ng th t t s ghi trn hnh qut 1 ti s ghi trn hnh qut 2n.

55

046. D

N XY C U

Trong mt khu cng vin nc c n hn o nh v mt s cu ni gia chng. Gi thit rng cc cu c ni theo ng thng. Hai cu hi t ra l: 1. C tn ti mt ng i qua tt c cc o mi o ng mt ln hay khng ? 2. Nu khng tn ti ng i nh vy, hy ch ra cc xy thm cc cy cu thc hin c iu sao cho tng di nhng cy cu xy thm l t nht. D liu: Vo t file vn bn WPARK.INP Dng 1: Ghi s o n ( 16) v s cu c m n dng tip theo, dng th i gm 2 s thc x[i] y[i] l to ca hn o i. m dng tip theo, dng th j ghi s hiu hai o tng ng vi chic cu th j. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn WPARK.OUT Dng 1: ghi s k l s cu cn xy thm v s thc T (ly ti 6 ch s sau du chm thp phn) l tng di cc cy cu xy thm k dng tip theo, mi dng ghi s hiu hai o tng ng vi mt cy cu xy thm Dng k + 2 ghi s hiu cc o trn ng i tm c (sau khi xy thm cu) Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/ Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
WPARK.INP 10 11 3.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 2.0 5.0 2.0 7.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 6.0 1.0 8.0 1.0 1 3 1 4 2 5 2 6 3 8 4 8 5 9 6 9 7 8 8 9 9 10 WPARK.OUT 1 1.000000 4 5 7 8 3 1 4 5 2 6 9 10

1 3 4 5

2 6

7 0

10 x

56

047. B O T N NG V T HOANG D
Mt khu bo tn ng vt c n a im v cc ng i hai chiu ni cc a im , a im th i c nhit l ti, gia hai a im bt k c nhiu nht l mt ng i ni chng. Ngi ta mun di chuyn mt loi ng vt qu him t a im A ti a im B, tuy nhin nu chnh lch v nhit gia hai a im lin tip trn ng i l qu cao th loi ng vt ny rt c th b cht. Yu cu: Hy ch ra mt hnh trnh m lch nhit ln nht gia hai a im lin tip bt k trn ng i l cc tiu. D liu: Vo t file vn bn MOVE.INP Dng 1: Cha ba s n, A, B (2 n 200; A B) Dng 2: Cha n s t nhin t1, t2, ..., tn (i: 0 ti 20000) Cc dng tip theo, mi dng cha hai s nguyn dng u, v cho bit gia hai a im u v v c ng i ni chng. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MOVE.OUT Dng 1: Ghi lch nhit ln nht gia hai a im lin tip bt k trn ng i tm c, nu khng tn ti ng i th dng ny ghi s -1. Trong trng hp tm c ng i th dng 2 ghi hnh trnh tm c, bt u t a im A, tip theo l nhng a im i qua, kt thc l a im B. Cc a im phi c lit k theo ng th t i qua trn hnh trnh Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/ Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
MOVE.INP 7 1 4 20 22 29 30 24 27 26 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 4 2 5 3 4 3 6 4 5 4 6 5 7 6 7 MOVE.OUT 2 1 2 5 7 6 3 4
22 2 24 5

30 20 1 4 7 26

3 29

6 27

57

048. PH T NG
C mt to lu i hnh ch nht vi hai cnh l m, n nguyn dng khng ln hn 50. Lu i c chia thnh cc vung n v. Cc dng vung c nh s t 1 ti m t trn xung di, trn mi dng, cc c nh s theo th t t 1 ti n t tri qua phi. Quanh mi c th c t 0 ti 4 bc tng, tuy nhin tnh trng c tng ti cc k cnh l khng mu thun nhau. th hin tnh trng tng quanh mt , ta gn cho mi mt s nguyn, m trong biu din nh phn ca s nguyn : Bt 0 (Bt n v) bng 1 hay 0 tu theo c tng hay khng c tng hng Ty Bt 1 bng 1 hay 0 tu theo c tng hay khng c tng hng Bc Bt 2 bng 1 hay 0 tu theo c tng hay khng c tng hng ng Bt 3 bng 1 hay 0 tu theo c tng hay khng c tng hng Nam Quanh lu i c tng bao bc. V d trong hnh v di, ta c mt lu i 4 x 7. Tnh trng tng ca (2, 2) c th hin bi s 9 = 1001 Tnh trng tng ca (3, 5) c th hin bi s 13 = 1101 1 1 2 3 4
9 W E

13
S

Lu i c chia thnh cc phng, cc phng phn cch nhau bi cc bc tng. Hy lp chng trnh tr li cc cu hi sau: 1. Cho bit lu i c bao nhiu phng 2. Cho bit s ca phng rng nht 3. Hy tm cch ph i mt v ch mt bc tng c mt phng rng nht c th D liu: Vo t file vn bn DWALL.INP Dng 1: Ghi hai s m, n m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s nguyn, s th j th hin tnh trng tng quanh (i, j) Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn DWALL.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s phng Dng 2: Ghi s ca phng rng nht Dng 3: Ghi hai s P, Q v k t c {W, N, E, S} vi ngha ph tng hng c ca (P, Q) Dng 4: Ghi s ca phng rng nht thu c sau khi ph tng Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
DWALL.INP 4 7 11 06 11 06 07 09 06 13 01 10 12 07 13 11 10 08 03 05 13 10 10 14 07 12 06 05 05 13 DWALL.OUT 5 9 3 2 S 16

58

049. TRUY N TIN TRN M NG

Trong mt mng gm N my tnh nh s t 1 n N. S ni mng c cho bi m knh ni trc tip gia mt s cp my trong mng. Bit chi ph truyn mt n v thng tin theo mi knh ni ca mng. Ngi ta cn chuyn mt bc thng ip t my S n my D (S D). m bo an ton, ngi ta mun chuyn bc thng ip ny theo hai ng truyn tin khc nhau (tc l khng c knh no ca mng c s dng trong c hai ng truyn tin). Chi ph ca mt ng truyn tin c hiu l tng chi ph trn cc knh ca n. Chi ph truyn thng ip bng tng chi ph ca hai ng truyn. Yu cu: Gi s bc thng ip c di l 1 n v thng tin, hy tm cch truyn thng ip t s n t sao cho chi ph truyn thng ip l nh nht D liu: Nhp t file vn bn MESSAGE.INP vi cu trc nh sau: Dng u tin ghi bn s n, m, S, D (n100); Mi dng th i trong s m dng tip theo ghi thng tin v knh ni th i ca mng gm ba s ai, bi, ci, trong ai, bi l ch s ca hai my tng ng vi knh ny v ci (nguyn dng 200) l chi ph truyn mt n v thng tin t my ai n my bi (v ngc li) theo knh ny (i=1,2,...,m). Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MESSAGE.OUT theo cu trc sau: Dng u tin ghi chi ph truyn thng ip theo cch truyn tin tm c. Dng th hai ghi ng truyn tin th nht di dng dy c th t cc my, bt u t my S v kt thc my D. Dng th ba ghi ng truyn tin th hai di dng dy c th t cc my bt u t my S v kt thc my D. Nu khng tn ti cch truyn th ch cn ghi vo file MESSAGE.OUT mt dng: NO SOLUTION Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/ Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
8

MESSAGE.INP 5 7 1 5 1 2 3 1 4 8 2 3 5 2 4 4 3 5 5 4 3 8 4 5 3

MESSAGE.OUT 24 1 2 3 5 1 4 5

59

050. HNH VUNG C C I

Cho mt bng kch thc mxn, c chia thnh li vung n v m dng n ct. Trn cc ca bng ghi s 0 hoc 1. Cc dng ca bng c nh s 1, 2... m theo th t t trn xung di v cc ct ca bng c nh s 1, 2..., n theo th t t tri qua phi. Hy tm mt hnh vung gm cc ca bng tho mn cc iu kin sau: 1. Hnh vung l ng nht: tc l cc thuc hnh vung phi ghi cc s ging nhau (0 hoc 1) 2. Cnh hnh vung song song vi cnh bng. 3. Kch thc hnh vung l ln nht c th. D liu: Vo t file vn bn SQUARE.INP Dng 1: Ghi hai s m, n m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s m s th j l s ghi trn (i, j) ca bng Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SQUARE.OUT Dng 1: Ghi kch thc cnh hnh vung tm c Dng 2: Ghi 4 s nguyn r1, c1, r2, c2. y (r1, c1) l ch s hng v ch s ct ca thuc gc trn bn tri, (r2, c2) l ch s hng v ch s ct ca thuc gc di bn phi hnh vung tm c. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/ Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
SQUARE.INP 11 13 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 SQUARE.OUT 7 3 3 9 9

0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0

0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0

0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

60

051. ON XE QUA C U
Cho mt on xe gm n chic i trn mt ng mt chiu v on xe c b tr theo th t t 1 n n. Mi mt xe trong on c vn tc l vi v trng lng wi. Khi i qua mt chic cu c trng ti gii hn l P th on xe phi chia thnh cc nhm sao cho tng trng lng ca mi nhm khng qu P (Lu rng khng c o th t on xe). Cc nhm phi i tun t c ngha l nhm th i ch c khi hnh khi m ton b xe ca nhm th i 1 qua cu. Gi thit rng P > wi vi i: 1 i n. R rng khi thi gian mt nhm xe qua cu ph thuc vo xe chm nht trong nhm nu coi nh chiu di cng nh khong cch ca cc xe l khng ng k. Hy tm cch chia on xe thnh cc nhm sao cho thi gian m on xe sang c cu l nh nht c th c. D liu: Vo t file vn bn CARGROUP.INP Dng u l 3 s nguyn dng n, P v L (n, P, L 1000) th hin cho s xe, trng lng gii hn ca cu v di ca cu. Dng th i trong n dng k tip gm 2 s nguyn dng wi v vi (wi, vi 100) Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CARGROUP.OUT Dng u ghi mt s thc l tng thi gian nh nht xe qua cu, cho php lm trn ly 2 ch s sau du chm thp phn. Dng k tip gm cc s x1, x2, .., xk th hin: nhm 1 gm cc xe t 1 n xe th x1, nhm 2 gm cc xe th x1+1 n xe th x2..., nhm k t xe th x[k - 1] ti x[k] Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
P = 100 25 20 20 10 50 70 30 25 50 70 (km / h)

100 km 40 4h 50 5h 50 70 12 10h 9 49 4h 38 27 2h 19

CARGROUP.INP 10 100 100 40 25 50 20 50 20 70 10 12 50 09 70 49 30 38 25 27 50 19 70

CARGROUP.OUT 25.00 1 3 6 8 10

61

052. S

L NG

Cho s nguyn dng n (n 2 000 000 000). Hy xc nh xem trong phm vi t 1 ti n c bao nhiu s m trong dng biu din nh phn ca n c ng K ch s 0 c ngha. V d: n = 18, k = 3 c 3 s: 1. 8 = 1000 2. 17 = 10001 3. 18 = 10010 D liu: Vo t file vn bn NUMBER.INP, gm mt dng cha hai s nguyn N v K cch nhau mt du cch. Kt qu: a ra file NUMBER.OUT, ghi s lng cc s tm c V d:
NUMBER.INP 18 3 NUMBER.OUT 3

62

053. THM HI M LNG T

Mt nh kho c nghin cu nhng di sn vn ho c i mt thnh ph b chn vi di lng t. thm him thnh ph , nh kho c ca chng ta buc phi o cc ng ngm. Bt u ti v tr xut pht, ng ta o theo mt trong 4 hng ng (E), Ty (W), Nam (S), Bc (N), mi ln o mt n v di. Sau c th o tip theo hng hoc i hng theo mt trong 4 hng trn. Gi s rng ng knh ca ng ngm o c l khng ng k. trnh b lc, ng ta ghi li vo file vn bn MAP.INP trong my tnh xch tay ca mnh mt trong 4 k t E, W, S, N tng ng vi mt trong bn hng m ng ta s o ti mi ln. V d vi im xut pht v quy trnh o hm di y, s cc ng ngm s l:

Finish

Start

Sau khi kho st xong, nh kho c mun quay tr li im xut pht bng ng hm o. Hy da vo thng tin trong my tnh xch tay ca nh kho c ch cho ng ta ng i ngn nht quay tr li. D liu: Vo t file vn bn MAP.INP ca nh kho c gm 1 dng khng qu 5000 k t {E, W, N, S} Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MAP.OUT gm 1 dng cha cc k t ch hng i dn v ni xut pht. V d:
MAP.INP EEEENNNWWWSSSSSSSEEEEENNNNNWW MAP.OUT SWWWW

63

054. TH

I N

Mt bng danh mc gm cc t c sp xp theo mt trt t t in no y (khng nht thit l t in thng thng). Yu cu t bng danh mc, hy khi phc li trt t t in dng. D liu vo c cho bi file vn bn NOTE.INP. Dng u l s lng t, cc dng tip, (theo th t) mi dng l mt t trong bng danh mc. Gi thit rng mi t u khng qu 20 k t c ly trong bng ch ci nh ting Anh (t 'a' n 'z'). S lng t trong bng danh mc khng qu 10000. Kt qu a ra file vn bn NOTE.OUT gm mt dng l xu gm cc ch ci xut hin trong bng danh mc. Cc ch ci trong xu vit lin nhau v theo th t ph hp vi trt t t in dng.

V d:
NOTE.INP 10 svxngqqnsnvqv snngg qsqsqvgsqq qqns qnvq nsxnxnvsqsvvs nqg nn xsgvsgggqvsqqsxgv xxgxxggsvnxsnxsnqq NOTE.OUT gsvqnx

64

055. DY L CH Cho hai dy s nguyn: A = (a1, a2, ..., an) B = (b1, b2, ..., bn) (n 100; -10000 ai, bj 10000 vi i, j : 1 i, j n ) Hy tm mt hon v = (1, 2, ..., n) ca dy s (1, 2, ..., n) cc tiu ho biu thc: F() := 1 - a1 + b1 - a2 + b2 - a3 + ... + bn-1 - an + bn - 1 D liu: Vo t file vn bn SLANTING.INP Dng 1: Ghi s n n dng tip theo, Dng th i ghi 2 s nguyn ai v bi cch nhau t nht 1 du cch Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SLANTING.OUT Dng 1: Ghi gi tr cc tiu F() tm c n Dng tip theo, dng th i ghi gi tr i V d:

65

056. RT G N DY S
Cho dy gm n s nguyn dng a = (a1, a2, ..., an). Trn dy s ny ta c th thc hin php rt gn ti v tr i: R(i): thay hai s hng lin tip ai v ai+1 bng hiu ca chng ai - ai+1. Sau n - 1 ln rt gn, vi dy a, ta thu c duy nht mt s nguyn. V d: Thc hin ln lt cc php rt gn 2, 3, 2 v 1 i vi dy s (12, 10, 4, 3, 5) ta s thu c kt qu nh sau: 1. Ban u: (12, 10, 4, 3, 5) 2. Rt gn R(2): (12, 6, 3, 5) 3. Rt gn R(3): (12, 6, -2) 4. Rt gn R(2): (12, 8) 5. Rt gn R(1): (4) Yu cu cho dy s a = (a1, a2, ..., an) v s T, hy tm th t thc hin N - 1 php rt gn i vi dy cho thu c T. D liu: Vo t file vn bn SUBTRACT.INP Dng u tin cha hai s n v T cc nhau mt du cch (1 n 100; -10000 T 10000) Dng th i trong s n dng tip theo ghi s ai. (1 ai 100). Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SUBTRACT.OUT Gm n - 1 dng, dng th i ghi v tr thc hin php rt gn th i. Gi thit rng cc d liu u c t nht mt li gii V d:
SUBTRACT.INP 4 5 10 2 5 2 SUBTRACT.OUT 3 1 1

66

057. BUN TI N
Mt ngi lm vic mt ngn hng ngoi t theo di t gi hi oi pht hin ra l: Nu khn kho, th t mt lng ngoi t ban u, nh chuyn i sang cc loi ngoi t khc, anh ta c th thu c li nhun ng k. V d: Nu anh ta c 1 USD v t gi hi oi gia cc ngoi t nh sau: 1 USD = 0.7 bng Anh 1 bng Anh = 9.5 Franc Php 1 Franc Php = 0.16 USD Khi vi 1 USD anh ta c th mua c 0.7 * 9.5 * 0.16 = 1.064 USD nh vic chuyn i tin qua bng Anh, ri t bng Anh sang Franc Php, v cui cng li quay v USD. Nh mi USD em li cho anh ta li nhun l 0.064USD. Gi s trong nh bng qun l n loi ngoi t nh s 1, 2, ..., n. Bit bng t gi hi oi R[i, j] (1 i, j n). (Tc l 1 n v ngoi hi i mua c R[i, j] n v ngoi hi j). Cn xc nh xem c cch i tin em li li nhun hay khng ? D liu: Vo t file vn bn MONEY.INP Dng u tin cha s n (n 100) Dng th i trong s n dng tip theo cha n s thc dng R[i, 1], R[i, 2], ..., R[i, n]. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MONEY.OUT Dng u tin ghi YES hoc NO tng ng vi vic c hoc khng c cch i tin sinh li nhun Nu dng u tin l YES th dng th hai ghi hai s u v s. Trong u l loi tin xut pht, cn s l li nhun thu c nh cch i 1 n v tin u. Dng th ba ghi trnh t cn tin hnh i tin thu li c li nhun bt u t loi tin xut pht Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch Li nhun (nu c) trong Output File c th ch cn lm trn gi li 6 ch s sau du chm thp phn. V d:
MONEY.INP 5 1.00 1.10 0.83 1.00 0.89 0.84 0.84 0.83 1.09 0.84 0.83 0.86 1.00 1.01 0.87 0.81 1.09 0.83 1.00 0.90 0.85 0.81 1.02 0.84 1.00 MONEY.OUT YES 1 0.007160 1 2 4

67

058. DY NGO C
Mt dy du ngoc hp l l mt dy cc k t "(" v ")" c nh ngha nh sau: i. Dy rng l mt dy du ngoc hp l su 0 ii. Nu A l dy du ngoc hp l su k th (A) l dy du ngoc hp l su k + 1 iii. Nu A v B l hai dy du ngoc hp l vi su ln lt l p v q th AB l dy du ngoc hp l su l max(p, q) di ca mt dy ngoc l tng s k t "(" v ")" V d: C 5 dy du ngoc hp l di 8 v su 3:
((()())) ((())()) ((()))() (()(())) ()((()))

Bi ton t ra l khi cho bit trc hai s nguyn dng n v k. Hy cho bit c bao nhiu dy ngoc hp l c di l n v su l k. Nu c khng qu 100 dy th hy lit k ht cc dy, nu c nhiu hn 100 dy th hy ch ra 100 dy ngoc phn bit. D liu: Vo t file vn bn NGOAC.INP gm 1 dng ghi hai s nguyn dng n v k cch nhau mt du cch (n 64, k 32). Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn NGOAC.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s C l s lng dy ngoc hp l c di l n v su l k. Nu C 100, th C dng tip theo mi dng ghi mt dy ngoc tm c. Nu C > 100, th 100 dng tip theo mi dng ghi mt dy ngoc. Cc dy ngoc c lit k i mt khc nhau. V d:
NGOAC.INP 8 3 NGOAC.OUT 5 ((()())) ((())()) ((()))() (()(())) ()((())) NGOAC.INP 10 2 NGOAC.OUT 15 (()()()()) (()()())() (()())(()) (()())()() (())(()()) (())(())() (())()(()) (())()()() ()(()()()) ()(()())() ()(())(()) ()(())()() ()()(()()) ()()(())() ()()()(())

68

059. TH NG B M V PH NG
Bm thng ph ng trong mt cuc nh cc v buc ph ng phi i ru. Ph ng bn by ra mt dy n chai cha y ru, v ni vi Bm rng c th ung bao nhiu tu , nhng chn chai no th phi ung ht v khng c ung ba chai lin nhau bi l iu xui xo. Bn hy ch cho Bm cch ung c nhiu ru nht. D liu: Vo t file vn bn BOTTLES.INP Dng 1: Ghi s nguyn dng n (n 10000) Cc dng tip ghi cc s nguyn dng ( 10000) l dung tch ca cc chai ru ph ng by ra, theo th t lit k t chai th nht ti chai th n, cc s c ghi cch nhau bi du cch hoc du xung dng. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn BOTTLES.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s chai c chn v lng ru ti a c th ung cch nhau mt du cch. Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s ca mt chai chn ra c V d:
BOTTLES.INP 6 6 10 10 13 10 10 BOTTLES.OUT 4 40 2 3 5 6

69

060. S

TH P PHN

Kt qu ca php chia: a/b vi a v b l hai s nguyn (b 0) c th biu din di dng mt s thp phn hu hn hoc s thp phn v hn tun hon. V d: 6/25 = 0.24 1/3 = 0.(3) -17/140 = -0.12(142857) Vn t ra l khi bit hai s nguyn a, b (-109 a 109; -107 b 107; b 0). Hy tm biu din thp phn ca php chia a/b. D liu: Vo t file vn bn DECIMAL.INP Input file gm nhiu dng, mi dng ghi mt b d liu l cp s nguyn a, b cch nhau mt du cch. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn DECIMAL.OUT Output file c s dng bng s dng ca input file, chng trnh phi ghi kt qu tng ng vi b d liu th i trong input file vo dng th i ca output file. Ch : Trong trng hp a/b l s nguyn th ch ghi kt qu phn nguyn, khng c phn thp phn v du chm thp phn. Trng hp a/b l s thp phn hu hn, khng c ghi tha s 0 cui. Trng hp a/b l s thp phn v hn tun hon, phn thp phn ng trc chu k phi l ngn ti tiu. V d:
DECIMAL.INP 100 10 6 25 1 3 99 101 431 3500 DECIMAL.OUT 10 0.24 0.(3) 0.(9801) 0.123(142857) DECIMAL.OUT d i y tuy gi tr l sai khun d ng 10.00 0.240 0.33(3) 0.98(0198) 0.123142(857142) ng nhng

70

061. DANH SCH VNG

lm vic vi mt danh sch gm N s nguyn cn phi c hai thao tc. Thao tc Top chuyn phn t u tin ca danh sch xung v tr cui cng ca danh sch. Thao tc Bottom chuyn phn t cui cng ca danh sch ln v tr u tin ca danh sch. Mt php bin i danh sch cho l vic thc hin K ln thao tc Top, ri sau n L ln thao tc Bottom. Do s ln thc hin php bin i trn l rt ln nn i hi phi c nhng th tc thc hin hiu qu thc hin lin tip X php bin i a danh sch v trng thi cui cng. Yu cu: Vit chng trnh cho php vi mt danh sch v ba s K, L, X cho trc, xc nh trng thi ca danh sch sau X ln thc hin php bin i. D liu: Vo t file vn bn CLIST.INP Dng u tin cha ba s nguyn dng N, K, L (1 N, K, L 10000). Dng th hai cha N s nguyn, mi s c gi tr tuyt i khng qu 10000, c sp xp theo th t tng ng vi trng thi khi u ca danh sch. Dng th ba cha s nguyn X (0 X 2.109). Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CLIST.OUT Ghi ra trn mt dng ca file vn bn CLIST.OUT cc phn t ca danh sch sau X php bin i. Cc phn t phi c ghi ng th t t phn t u tin n phn t cui cng. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output File ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
CLIST.INP 5 2 1 3 5 2 4 7 9 CLIST.OUT 7 3 5 2 4

71

062. TNH DI N TCH

Cho mt li vung kch thc MxN. Mi cha mt s 0 hoc 1. Cc s 1 trn li to thnh mt ng kn (tc l dy cc m hai lin tip c chung cnh hoc nh v cui cng ca dy c chung cnh hoc nh vi u tin) bc c mt vng ca li m ta s gi l mt hnh. Din tch ca hnh l s cha s 0 nm trong . Yu cu: Vit chng trnh tnh din tch ca hnh trong mt li vung cho trc. Gi thit l din tch ca mt hnh khc 0. D liu: Vo t file vn bn SZERO.INP: Dng u tin cha hai s nguyn dng M, N (5 M, N 100) M dng tip theo m t bng cho trc, mi dng cha dy gm N s 0 hoc 1 c ghi lin nhau Kt qu: Ghi ra trn mt dng ca file vn bn SZERO.OUT din tch ca hnh trn li cho. V d:
SZERO.INP 6 8 01000000 10100000 10010000 10001000 01010000 00100000 SZERO.OUT 7 SZERO.INP 5 5 00000 01111 10010 01010 00100 SZERO.OUT 3

72

063. THANG MY
Trong to nh ca mt trung tm thng mi gm 101 tng (cc tng c nh s t 0 n 100) khch hng c th s dng hai loi thang my: Thang my loi I: cho php di chuyn n bt k tng no vi thi gian di chuyn qua mt tng l E1 giy. Thang my loi II (siu tc) ch dng li cc tng c ch s chia ht cho 10, thc hin vic di chuyn qua 10 tng vi thi gian l E2 giy. Bt k thang my ang u, thi gian ch i thang my I v II ( chuyn thang my hoc vo thang my) l W1 v W2 giy tng ng. Ngoi ra ti mi tng, khch hng cn c th di chuyn t tng ny ln tng trn hoc xung tng di theo cu thang c nh vi thi gian l S giy. Yu cu: Xc nh thi gian nh nht T cn thit mt khch hng c th di chuyn t tng X n tng Y. Gi thit l 1 E1, E2, W1, W2, S 1000. D liu: Vo t file vn bn LMOVE.INP Dng u tin cha hai s E1, W1. Dng th hai cha hai s E2, W2. Dng th ba cha s S Dng th t cha hai s X, Y. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn LMOVE.OUT thi gian T tm c Cc s trn mt dng ca input file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
LMOVE.INP 2 25 4 15 10 85 43 LMOVE.OUT 96

Cch di chuyn ti u vi d liu trn nh sau: ang tng 85, ch thang loi I: 25 giy Tt xung tng 80: 2giy x 5 = 10 giy 15 giy Ch thang loi II: Tt xung tng 40: 4giy x 4 = 16 giy Di chuyn theo cu thang ln tng 43: 10giy x 3 = 30 giy Tng cng: 96 giy

73

064. TR NG S

XU

Xt tp ch ci A = {I, W, N}. Mt t l mt dy lin tip khng qu 6 k t ca A. Cho mt danh sch L gm m t phn bit. Mi t trong danh sch c gn mt trng s dng 60000. Nhng t khng c trong danh sch mang trng s 0. Xt mt xu S ch gm cc k t trong A. Trng s ca xu S c tnh bng tng trng s cc t trong S. (Cc t trong S c lit k di dng cc on k t lin tip ca S tnh c vic giao nhau v cha nhau) Yu cu: Cho trc danh sch L v di n 100. Hy tm xu S = S1S2...Sn c trng s nh nht. Nu c nhiu xu S u c trng s nh nht th ch cn ch ra mt xu. D liu: Vo t file vn bn STR.INP Dng 1: Ghi hai s n, m cch nhau mt du cch. m cp dng tip theo, cp dng th i gm 2 dng: Dng th nht ghi t th i trong danh sch L Dng th hai ghi trng s ca t Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn STR.OUT gm 2 dng: Dng 1: Ghi trng s ca t S tm c Dng 2: Ghi xu k t S V d:
STR.INP 8 10 I 13 W 6 N 12 II 6 NI 6 IIN 13 WWW 7 WNN 23 NWW 18 NWN 0 STR.OUT 62 WWIWWIWW STR.INP 8 8 W 10 I 10 N 30 WI 1 WW 10 II 11 WIW 2 IWI 3 STR.OUT 98 IWIWIWIW

74

065. PH

MAY M N

Ngi dn thnh ph Byteland c rt nhiu iu king k trong cuc sng. Theo quan im ca h, cc s 2, 6, 13 v nhiu s khc khng mang li iu may mn. Trong khi , cc s 3, 5, 7 li rt c a chung. Nhng ngi nh c s m khi phn tch ra tha s nguyn t ch cha cc tha s 3, 5, 7 c coi l may mn v c mua rt nhanh. Sau mt thi gian di tho lun, Hi ng thnh ph quyt nh nh s tt c cc ngi nh trn mt ng ph mi m bng cc s may mn lin tip nhau, bin ph thnh mt ph may mn. K hiu dy cc s may mn l X1, X2, X3, X4, ... Khi cc nh bn tri s mang s X1, X3, X5. Cn dy nh bn phi s mang s X2, X4, X6, ... Ton b ng ph c khng qu 4000 nh. Hy xc nh xem mt s cho trc c phi l mt s nh ph may mn khng. Nu ng th cho bit nh nm bn phi hay bn tri ca ph. D liu: Vo t file vn bn STREET.INP gm khng qu 100000 dng, mi dng cha mt s nguyn dng khng qu 18 ch s. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn STREET.OUT, gm nhiu dng, mi dng tng ng vi mt s file d liu vo v cha mt trong ba ch ci L, R, N tng ng vi nh bn tri, bn phi hay khng phi s nh ph may mn. Lu : Dy s may mn c tnh bt u t X1=3. V d:
STREET.INP 5 3 4 98415 12814453125 STREET.OUT R L N R L

75

066. TN HI U GIAO THNG

Trong mt thnh ph c: m ng ph (hai chiu) song song chy thng dc theo hng Tyng, tin, ta gi cc ng ph l H1, H2,..., Hm theo th t t Bc xung Nam. n ng ph (hai chiu) song song chy thng theo hng BcNam, ta gi cc ng ph l V1, V2, ..., Vn theo th t t Ty sang ng Hai ng ph vung gc bt k ct nhau to thnh mt nt giao thng. Ngoi tr hai nt giao thng nm v tr gc ng-Nam v gc Ty-Bc nhng nt giao thng khc c th gn n tn hiu giao thng hai trng thi: 0. Trng thi EW: Xanh hng ng v Ty, hng Bc v Nam. 1. Trng thi NS: Xanh hng Bc v Nam, hng ng v Ty. Mi n tn hiu c mt chu k thi gian ring, c sau mi chu k thi gian , n i trng thi mt ln. Ti thi im 0, cc n tn hiu u trng thi 0 (EW). gi an ton, lut giao thng quy nh: Khi xe ti mt nt giao thng t mt hng no ng vo thi im n tn hiu theo hng ang hay chuyn sang th buc phi dng li, ng vo thi im n tn hiu theo hng ang Xanh hay chuyn sang Xanh th c th i thng, r phi hay r tri tu . Trn mt ng ph, thi gian xe i gia hai nt giao thng lin tip c nh l 1 n v thi gian. Yu cu: Cho bit s giao thng v cc n tn hiu. Cho mt xe xut pht ti thi im 0 t nt giao thng gc Ty-Bc. Tm hnh trnh v thi im sm nht xe ti nt giao thng gc ng-Nam. D liu: Vo t file vn bn TRAFFIC.INP Dng 1: Ghi hai s nguyn dng m, n (m, n 100) Dng 2: Ghi s k l s n hiu giao thng k dng tip theo, dng th i gm 3 s nguyn dng x, y, t cho bit n hiu th i nm giao im ca ng Hx v Vy c chu k l t (t 10000). Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TRAFFIC.OUT Dng 1: Ghi thi im sm nht xe chy t gc Ty-Bc ti gc ng-Nam Dng 2: Ghi mt dy k t, k t th p {w, E, W, S, N} cho bit trong khong thi gian t p1 ti p, xe trong trng thi ng i hay chy theo hng ng, Ty, Nam hay Bc (theo th t w, E, W, S, N ). Cc s trn mt dng ca Input File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
TRAFFIC.INP 3 4 9 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 4 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 4 2 3 1 10 3 3 4 TRAFFIC.OUT 6 ESEwSE

W S

10

76

067. PHN NHM

Cho n hc sinh v m c im (n 100), (m 10). Cn phn cc hc sinh ny thnh mt s t cc nhm nht m bo rng ta ch cn quan tm ti mt s t nht cc c im l c th phn bit c cc hc sinh trong ni b mt nhm. Ch : 1. Trc tin phi tho mn yu cu t nhm nht, trong cc cch chia t nhm nht m vn c th phn bit c cc hc sinh trong mt nhm th ch ra mt cch chia phi dng t c im nht. 2. Tp cc c im c chn phi s dng c trn tt c cc nhm phn bit hc sinh. D liu: Vo t file vn bn GROUP.INP Dng 1 ghi hai s n, m n dng tip theo, dng th i m t c im ca hc sinh th i: Gm c m s nguyn m s th j l 1 hay 0 tu theo hc sinh th i c hay khng c c im j. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn GROUP.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s k l s nhm chia ra c Dng 2: Ghi cc c im c chn phn bit cc hc sinh trong ni b cc nhm k dng tip theo, dng th p ghi cc hc sinh trong nhm p Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
GROUP.INP 10 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 GROUP.OUT 2 1 2 4 2 5 10 1 6 4 3 9 7 8 GROUP.INP 10 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 GROUP.OUT (Khng t i u) 2 1 2 3 4 1 2 5 6 7 10 3 4 8 9

77

068. TUA DU L CH R NH T
Mt khu thng cnh gm n im nh s t 1 ti n (n 100) v m ng i hai chiu gia cc cp a im , chi ph i trn cc ng i l bit trc ( 10000). Mt Tour du lch l mt hnh trnh xut pht t mt a im i thm 2 a im khc v quay tr v im xut pht, ngoi tr a im xut pht, khng a im no b thm ti hai ln. Chi ph ca mt Tour du lch l tng chi ph cc qung ng i qua. Yu cu: Hy tm Tour du lch c chi ph r nht. D liu: Vo t file vn bn TOUR.INP Dng 1: Ghi hai s nguyn dng n, m m dng tip theo mi dng c dng x y c. Cho bit c ng i trc tip ni a im x vi a im y v chi ph i qung ng l c. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TOUR.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s 1 nu nh tn ti hnh trnh theo yu cu, ghi s 0 nu khng tn ti hnh trnh. Nu dng u tin ghi s 1: Dng th 2 ghi chi ph ca tour tm c Dng th 3 ghi s k l s a im ti thm Dng th 4 gm k s, s th i l a im ti thm th i trong tour, quy c a im thm u tin l a im xut pht, a im thm th k (a im cui cng) l a im m t quay tr li im xut pht kt thc hnh trnh. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
TOUR.INP 5 10 1 3 2 2 4 2 3 5 2 4 1 2 5 2 2 1 2 10 2 3 9 3 4 10 4 5 8 5 1 9 TOUR.OUT 1 10 5 3 5 2 4 1
1 9 5 2 8 2 4 2 3 2 2 9 10 2

10

78

069. DU L CH NHI U TUA NH T

Mt khu thng cnh gm n im nh s t 1 ti n (n 200) v m ng i hai chiu gia cc cp a im . Mt Tour du lch l mt hnh trnh xut pht t mt a im i thm 2 a im khc v quay tr v im xut pht, ngoi tr a im xut pht, khng a im no b thm ti hai ln. Yu cu: Hy tm mt s tour du lch nhiu nht sao cho mi tour du lch tm c u c mt on ng ring hon ton khng c mt trong cc tua du lch cn li. D liu: Vo t file vn bn TOURS.INP Dng 1: Ghi hai s n, m m dng tip theo mi dng c dng x y cho bit gia hai a im x v y c ng i trc tip. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TOURS.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s k l s tour du lch tm c k dng tip theo, dng th i m t tour du lch th i: bt u l s a im thm c trong tour, tip theo l danh sch cc a im theo th t trong hnh trnh bt u t a im xut pht cho ti kt thc l a im m t quay li im xut pht kt thc hnh trnh Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
TOURS.INP 5 10 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 1 5 2 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 1 TOURS.OUT 6 3 3 2 1 4 4 3 2 1 3 4 3 2 5 5 4 3 2 1 4 5 4 3 2 3 5 4 3
1

79

070. PHN CNG

C m th v n cng vic, cc th nh s t 1 ti m v cc vic nh s t 1 ti n. Mi th c kh nng thc hin mt s cng vic no . Khi giao vic cho cc th thc hin, i vi mt ngi th th h s thc hin cc cng vic c giao mt cch tun t v lin tc (sequence), lm mi vic mt mt n v thi gian. Nhng i vi nhiu th th cc cng vic ca h c thc hin song song (paralell), vic ca ai ngi y lm, khng nh hng ti tin ca ngi khc. Hy tm cc phn cng cng vic cho cc th tt c cc cng vic c thc hin, mi vic ch phn cho mt th v thi gian hon thnh tt c cc cng vic l nhanh nht. D liu: Vo t file vn bn ASSIGN.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s nguyn dng m v n (1 m 100; 1 n 500) m dng tip theo, dng i cha danh sch cc cng vic m th i c th thc hin, c thm mt k hiu kt thc l s 0. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn ASSIGN.OUT Dng 1: Ghi t YES hay NO tu theo c tn ti cch phn cng thc hin tt c cc cng vic hay khng. Nu dng 1 ghi t YES: Dng 2: Ghi thi gian nhanh nht c th hon thnh cc cng vic m dng tip theo, dng i ghi danh sch cc cng vic c phn cho th i, ghi thm mt k hiu kt thc l s 0. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
ASSIGN.INP 4 10 1 2 3 4 5 0 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 ASSIGN.OUT YES 3 3 4 5 0 6 7 8 0 2 9 0 1 10 0

80

071. NH N TIN
Mt kho hc c n hc vin nh s t 1 ti n, mi hc vin c th bit s in thoi ca mt vi hc vin khc. Hc vin A c th nhn tin cho hc vin B nu nh hc vin A bit s in thoi ca hc vin B. Lu rng vic bit s in thoi y khng phi quan h i xng: C th hc vin A bit s in thoi ca hc vin B nhng hc vin B hon ton khng bit s in thoi ca hc vin A. Thy gio nm c tt c s in thoi ca cc hc vin trong h s ca trung, hi khi thy gio mun nhn tin ti tt c cc hc vin trong kho, thy gio s phi nhn trc tip ti mt s t nht cc hc vin no thng ip n c tt c cc hc vin khc. D liu: Vo t file vn bn MESSAGE.INP Dng 1 cha s n (n 700) Cc dng tip theo, mi dng cha hai s nguyn dng x, y (x y: 1 x, y n) cho ta thng tin: hc vin x bit s in thoi ca hc vin y Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MESSAGE.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s k l s hc sinh c thy gio nhn tin trc tip khi cn Dng 2: Ghi k s hiu ca cc hc sinh c thy gio nhn tin trc tip Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
MESSAGE.INP 12 1 3 3 6 6 1 6 8 8 12 12 9 9 6 2 4 4 5 5 2 4 6 7 10 10 11 11 7 10 9 MESSAGE.OUT 2 7 2

2 1 4 3 6 7 8 9 10 12 11 5

Gii hn khng gian v thi gian: 512KB - 1 giy

81

072. CC S

I N THO I

Ngy nay bn phi nh qu nhiu s in thoi m chng li ngy cng di hn. Mt trong nhng cch d ghi nh cc con s nh vy l thay th cc ch s bng ch ci theo mt qui c no . V d nh ta c th thay: 1 = ij 2 = abc 3 = def 4 = gh 5 = kl 6 = mn 7 = prs 8 = tuv 9 = wxy 0 = oqz Bng cch ny, mi t hoc mt nhm t c th gn cho mt s duy nht, v v th bn c th nh cc t thay v cc con s. V d s in thoi ca ngi bn chi c 941837296 th c th nh bi t WHITE PAWN cn s in thoi ca mt thy gio 8322437 th c th nh bng t TEACHER th d nh hn nhiu so vi cc con s di dng . Cho bit cc php thay th s bng ch ci, v mt t in. Hy tm mt dy gm t nht cc t gn cho con s cn ghi nh cho trc. Mi t c th dng nhiu ln. D liu: Vo t file vn bn PHONE.INP 10 dng u tin, dng th i ghi danh sch cc ch ci c th dng thay cho s i - 1. Dng 11 ghi con s cn ghi nh (khng qu 100 ch s) Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi mt t trong t in, mi t gm khng qu 50 ch ci ting Anh in thng. K hiu kt thc t in l dng cui cng ghi du #. S t trong t in khng qu 50000. Trong Input File hon ton khng cha du cch. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn PHONE.OUT Dng th nht: Ghi t YES hay NO tu theo c php gn dy t cho s cho hay khng ? Nu dng th nht ghi t YES, dng th hai, ghi danh sch cc t ghp li theo ng th t s c s cho, cc t ghi cch nhau t nht mt du trng. V d:
PHONE.INP oqz ij abc def gh kl mn prs tuv wxy 7325189087 it your reality real our # PHONE.OUT YES reality our

82

073. GI TR L N NH T
Mt s nguyn dng x gi l con ca s nguyn dng y nu ta c th xo bt mt s ch s ca y c x. Cho hai s a v b hy tm s c l con ca c a v b sao cho gi tr ca c l ln nht c th. Rng buc: 1 a, b 10100, D liu vo lun c nghim. D liu: Vo t file vn bn NUMBER.INP Dng th nht cha s a Dng th hai cha s b Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn NUMBER.OUT Ghi ra trn mt dng s c. V d:
NUMBER.INP 123456781234 567812345678 NUMBER.OUT 56781234 NUMBER.INP 2468013579 1234567890 NUMBER.OUT 24689

83

074. NT GIAO THNG TR NG I M

Trong mt ng ph c n nt giao thng v m ng hai chiu ni trc tip cc cp nt giao thng , gia hai nt giao thng bt k c khng qu mt ng i trc tip. Mt nt giao thng c c gi l trng im nu tn ti hai nt giao thng a v b (a, b, c i mt khc nhau) sao cho: Gia a v b c t nht mt ng i theo cc ng ph cho Nu nt c b tc th khng c cch no i t a sang b. Hay ni cch khc, mi ng i t a ti b chc chn phi qua c. Cho bit s giao thng ca thnh ph, hy xc nh cc nt giao thng trng im. D liu: Vo t file vn bn CNODE.INP Dng 1: Ghi hai s nguyn dng n, m (n 1000; m 10000) m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s nguyn dng u v, cho ta thng tin: Gia hai nt giao thng u v v c mt ng i trc tip. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CNODE.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s nt giao thng trng im Dng 2: Ghi ch s ca cc nt giao thng trng im, cc ch s ny phi lit k i mt khc nhau. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
CNODE.INP 13 14 1 3 3 6 6 4 4 1 4 2 2 5 5 7 7 4 6 9 9 8 8 4 8 10 11 12 5 12 CNODE.OUT 4 4 5 8 12
3

12 11

8 9 10

13

84

075. T P K T
Mt bn c kch thc nxn (2 n 100) trong nh du mt s cm. Trn bn c c k qun m ang ng nhng v tr no (1 k 100). Cn i nhng qun m ny n k v tr tp kt (mi qun m mt v tr). Trong qu trnh di chuyn, m khng c nhy n cc cm nhng c th nhy n c nhng qun m khc ang ng. Vai tr ca cc qun m v cc v tr tp kt l nh nhau (mt qun m c th cho i ti bt k v tr tp kt no nu c ng nhy). trng thi ban u k v tr xut pht v k v tr tp kt c cho hon ton phn bit Yu cu: Lp chng trnh xc nh cch i cc qun m sao cho tng s bc i ca cc qun m l nh nht.

C S D

C S C C C S D D C D
D liu: Vo t file vn bn HORSES.INP Dng 1: Ghi s n (n 100 n dng tip theo, dng i, ghi n k t th hin hng i ca bn c. K t th i l: ".": Th hin trng "C": Th hin cm "S": Th hin c m ang ng "D": Th hin v tr tp kt Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn HORSES.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s m l tng bc di chuyn a cc qun m v v tr tp kt. Nu khng c cch tp kt th ghi s -1. m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi 4 s x1 y1 x2 y2 cch nhau t nht mt du cch, cho bit ti bc th i s di chuyn mt qun m t (x1, y1) n (x2, y2) V d:
HORSES.INP 6 C.C..S ...SD. ..C... ..SC.. CC.SDD C....D HORSES.OUT 7 5 4 4 6 4 6 2 5 4 3 5 5 1 6 3 5 3 5 5 6 2 4 4 5 4 5 6 6

85

076. M I KHCH D

TI C

Cng ty trch nhim hu hn "Vui v" c n cn b nh s t 1 ti n. Cn b th i c nh gi vui tnh l hi. Ngoi tr gim c cng ty, mi ngi u c mt th trng trc tip ca mnh. Bn cn gip cng ty mi mt nhm cn b n d d tic "Nhng ngi thch a" sao cho tng nh gi vui tnh ca nhng ngi d tic l ln nht, vi yu cu: trong s nhng ngi c mi khng ng thi c mt nhn vin cng th trng trc tip ca ngi . D liu: Vo t file vn bn GUEST.INP Dng u tin ghi s cn b cng ty: n (2 n 10000) n dng tip theo, dng th i gm hai s t nhin bi, hi cho ta thng tin, ngi th i c th trng trc tip l bi v vui tnh l hi. Nu nh bi = 0 th ta hiu i l gim c cng ty. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn GUEST.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s ngi c mi (k) v tng vui tnh ca nhng ngi (m) k dng tip, mi dng ghi s hiu mt ngi c mi ti d tic. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch D liu vo c cho ng n: khng tn ti mt dy x1, x2, ..., xp, xp+1 = x1 m ngi i l th trng trc tip ca ngi i + 1 (i: 1 i p) . Khng nht thit phi mi gim c cng ty

V d:
GUEST.INP 10 2 9 3 7 4 8 0 10 4 2 5 11 6 6 6 4 4 6 9 6 GUEST.OUT 4 36 1 4 6 10

86

077. KHI PH C NGO C

Mt dy du ngoc hp l l mt dy cc k t "(" v ")" c nh ngha nh sau: i. Dy rng (khng c k t no) l mt dy du ngoc hp l ii. Nu A l mt dy du ngoc hp l th (A) l dy du ngoc hp l. Du ngoc m v du ngoc ng hai bn dy A c gi l tng ng vi nhau iii. Nu A v B l hai dy du ngoc hp l th AB l dy du ngoc hp l. V d: ((()))(())()() l mt dy du ngoc hp l. cc du m ngoc cc v tr: 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 13 tng ng ln lt vi cc du ng ngoc cc v tr: 6, 5, 4, 10, 9, 12, 14. Ban u c mt dy du ngoc hp l, ngi ta vit vo di mi du ngoc m mt s l s du ngoc (c ng v m) nm gia du ngoc m v du ngoc ng tng ng: ( ( ( 4 2 0 Sau xo i dy ngoc. ) ) ) ( 2 ( 0 ) ) ( 0 ) ( 0 )

Yu cu: Cho bit dy s cn li, hy khi phc li dy ngoc ban u D liu: Vo t file vn bn BRACKETS.INP Dng 1: Ghi s n l s phn t ca dy s cn li (n 10000) Dng 2: Ghi ln lt cc s trong dy Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn BRACKETS.OUT Gm 1 dng ghi dy du ngoc khi phc c V d:
BRACKETS.INP 7 4 2 0 2 0 0 0 BRACKETS.OUT ((()))(())()() BRACKETS.INP 10 8 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 BRACKETS.OUT ((())()())(()())()()

87

078. DY XCH
Mt dy xch l mt cy c tnh cht: Tn ti mt ng i sao cho mi nh treo phi k vi ng mt nh trn ng i . Vi mi dy xch, ng i ny khng nht thit phi duy nht.
5 6 7 8

10

11

12

13

Cho mt dy xch vi cc nt c nh s 1..n (2 n 10000). Hy tm cch gn cho mi nh i mt nhn Lab(i); 1 Lab(i) n sao cho cc iu kin sau c tho mn: Hai nh khc nhau c hai nhn khc nhau Khng c hai cnh no c cng gi tr tuyt i ca hiu cc nt hai u mt
6 5 8 11

10

12

13

D liu: Vo t file vn bn CHAIN.INP Dng 1: ghi s n n - 1 dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai u mt ca mt cnh thuc xch Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CHAIN.OUT (Nu c nhiu li gii th ch cn chn mt) Mt dng n s, s th i l Lab(i) V d:
CHAIN.INP 13 1 2 1 5 1 6 1 9 1 10 2 7 2 11 2 3 3 4 4 8 4 12 4 13 CHAIN.OUT 7 2 10 1 6 5 8 11 4 3 9 12 13

88

079. PHN CNG

C n th v n vic (n 200), cc th c nh s t 1 ti n v cc vic cng c nh s t 1 ti n. Vi th i v vic j no th c hai kh nng: Hoc th i khng lm c vic j, hoc lm c vi chi ph l cij. (cij l s t nhin 109). Hy phn cng cho mi th lm ng mt vic sao cho c th thc hin tt c cc cng vic vi tng chi ph t nht c th. D liu: Vo t file vn bn ASSIGN.INP Dng 1: Ghi s n Cc dng tip, mi dng ghi ba s i j cij cho ta thng tin: Th i lm c vic j vi chi ph cij. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn ASSIGN.OUT Dng 1: Ghi tng chi ph thc hin cc cng vic, nu khng tn ti cch phn cng th dng ny ghi s -1. Nu c phng n phn cng, n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi s hiu vic c phn cho th i. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
ASSIGN.INP 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 5 2 3 1 3 2 1 3 3 10 4 3 10 4 4 7 ASSIGN.OUT 10 1 3 2 4 ASSIGN.INP 10 2 2 6 2 3 1 2 6 5 5 5 14 7 3 10 8 7 15 8 9 10 ASSIGN.OUT -1

89

080. DY CUNG
Trn mt phng vi h trc to Decattes vung gc, cho ng trn c tm O l gc to , bn knh R. Trn ng trn O xt n im xanh v n im u c honh nguyn, tung khc 0. Cc im c nh s th t t 1 n 2n v nm cc v tr hon ton phn bit. Theo gi thit trn, thng tin v im th i c th cho bi b ba (Ci, Xi, Di) vi: K t Ci {R, B}; Ci = R c ngha l im , Ci = B c ngha l im xanh S nguyn Xi l honh im . S nguyn Di {-1, 1}; Di = -1 tc l tung m (nm di trc honh), Di = 1 tc l tung dng (nm trn trc honh). D thy cch xc nh im ni trn l ng n. Yu cu: Hy xc nh n dy cung ca ng trn tho mn: i. Mi dy cung phi ni mt im xanh vi mt im trong s cc im k trn ii. Cc dy cung i mt khng c im chung D liu: Vo t file vn bn CHORDS.INP Dng 1: Ghi hai s nguyn dng n, R cch nhau mt du cch (1 n 5000; 1 R 10001) 2n dng tip theo, dng th i cha thng tin v im th i: u dng l k t Ci. Tip theo l honh Xi (-R < Xi < R) Tip theo l s nguyn Di Ba thnh phn ny c ghi cch nhau ng mt du cch Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CHORDS.OUT Gm n dng, mi dng ghi ch s hai im tng ng trn mt dy cung. V d:
CHORDS.INP 4 3 B -1 1 R -1 -1 R 1 -1 B 0 1 R -2 -1 B 2 1 R 2 -1 B 0 -1 CHORDS.OUT 8 3 1 5 4 2 6 7

4 1 6

O(0,0)

5 2 8 3

90

081. M CUNG
Bn m cung c dng hnh ch nht kch thc mxn c chia thnh li vung n v bng cc ng song song vi cc cnh (m hng, n ct). Mi vung ca bn c nh du hoc l cm, hoc l t do. T mt t do c th di chuyn sang cc t do c chung cnh vi n. Khng c php di chuyn vt khi bin ca m cung. M cung c thit k kh c bit, gia hai t do bt k ch c duy nht mt cch di chuyn t ny n kia m trong qu trnh di chuyn khng i ti bt k no qu mt ln. Ti tm ca mi t do u c mt ci mc. Trong m cung c hai t do c bit, m nu bn ni c hai ci mc hai bng mt si dy thng (tt nhin phi ni qua cc mc ca cc trung gian) th cnh ca b mt ca m cung s t m ra. Vn t ra l phi chu n b mt si dy thng vi di ngn nht m bo cho d hai c bit c nm v tr no trong m cung, bn vn c th ni c hai ci mc hai bng si dy chu n b. D liu: Vo t file vn bn LABYR.INP Dng u tin cha hai s n, m (3 m, n 1000) Cc dng tip theo m t m cung, dng th i trong s m dng tip theo cha n k t, mi k t ch l "#" hoc ".". Trong k t "#" cho bit v tr tng ng l b cm, cn k t "." cho bit v tr tng ng l t do (1 i m). Kt qu: Ghi ra trn mt dng ca file vn bn LABYR.OUT di ca si dy thng cn chuNn b. V d:
LABYR.INP ### #.# ### LABYR.OUT 0 LABYR.INP 8 10 ######## .......# .#.#.#.# .#####.# #....#.# #.##.#.# #.##...# #.#.##.# #.#.##.# #.....## LABYR.OUT 29

91

082. DU L CH KI U C
Mt khu thng cnh gm n im nh s t 1 ti n (n 200) v m ng i hai chiu ni gia cc cp a im . Gia hai cp a im c nhiu nht l mt ng i trc tip. C hai a im c bit: A v B. Mt Tour du lch l mt hnh trnh ca du khch: Trc ht l p my bay xung a im A, sau i b theo cc ng hai chiu cho ti a im B, v li i b quay tr v a im xut pht A ri quay v bng my bay. trnh s nhm chn cho du khch, hnh trnh khng c i qua on ng no nhiu hn mt ln. Vn t ra l mt du khch c th n thm khu thng cnh nhiu ln. phc v khch tham quan tt hn. Hy tm mt s tour du lch nhiu nht sao cho hai tour du lch bt k tm c u khng tn ti mt on ng no chung. D liu: Vo t file vn bn TOURS.INP Dng 1: Ghi bn s n, m, A, B m dng tip theo mi dng c dng x y cho bit gia hai a im x v y c ng i trc tip. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TOURS.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s k l s tour du lch tm c k dng tip theo, dng th i m t tour du lch th i: bt u t a im A tip theo l danh sch cc a im theo th t trong hnh trnh ti a im B v tip theo l danh sch cc a im theo th t trong hnh trnh quay tr li a im A. (Nh vy a im A l a im chc chn phi c lit k hai ln). Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
TOURS.INP 5 10 1 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 1 5 2 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 1 TOURS.OUT 2 1 2 3 1 1 4 2 5 1
5

92

083. S A NG
Trong mt thnh ph c n nt giao thng v m ng ph hai chiu. Gia hai nt giao thng c nhiu nht l mt ng ph ni chng. H thng giao thng m bo s i li gia hai nt bt k. Sau mt thi gian di, cc ng ph xung cp nghim trng i hi ban qun l giao thng v cng trnh th phi ln k hoch nng cp tt c cc ng ph. Khi mt ng ph ang trong thi gian nng cp th s i li trn tuyn ng b cm. Xt v kh nng, vi phng tin k thut hin i v lc lng nhn cng di do, ngi ta c th tin hnh nng cp cng lc k ng ph, bt k ng ph no cng ch cn sa cha trong mt ngy. Tuy nhin v vn mun m bo s i li gia hai nt giao thng bt k trong thi gian sa cha, ngi ta phi ln lch thi cng cc tuyn ng mt cch hp l. Yu cu: Hy xp lch thi cng thi gian nng cp ton b cc tuyn ng l ngn nh t. D liu: Vo t file vn bn SCHEDULE.INP Dng 1: Ghi ba s nguyn dng n m k (2 ( n ( 100; 1 ( m ( n * (n - 1) / 2; 1 ( k ( 10). m dng tip theo, mi dng c dng u v cho bit gia hai nt giao thng u v v c mt ng ph ni chng. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SCHEDULE.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s ngy ti thiu cn thc hin d n sa ng. Nu khng c phng n th ch cn ghi s -1. Nu c phng n xp lch, m dng tip theo, mi dng c dng u v p cho bit s phi tin hnh sa cha on ng ni gia nt u v nt v trong ngy th p ca d n. (Ngy khi cng d n l ngy th 1). Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
SCHEDULE.INP 5 10 5 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 2 3 2 4 2 5 3 4 3 5 4 5 SCHEDULE.OUT 2 1 2 1 1 3 2 1 4 2 1 5 2 2 3 1 2 4 2 2 5 1 3 4 1 3 5 2 4 5 1

93

084. I THI
Hng nm, sau khi cng b kt qu vng I k thi quc gia, B Gio dc v o to li t chc thi tip vng II. Khc vi vng I, tt c cc th sinh u phi tp trung ti H Ni tham d k thi din ra trong k ngy. Bn H Ni c n nt giao thng v m ng ph hai chiu. Gia hai nt giao thng bt k c nhiu nht mt ng ph ni chng. Khch sn (ni ca cc th sinh) nm nt giao thng 1 v a im thi nm nt giao thng n. Nhng hc sinh xa ti H Ni mun kt hp i thm cc ng ph ca th . Vi bn H Ni trong tay v k thut lp trnh siu ng, cc bn thng vch k hoch i v v trong k ngy thi, m ngoi tr nt 1 v nt n, khng i qua nt giao thng no khc qu mt ln. Yu cu: C nhiu kh nng bn s l ngi tham d k thi vng II, hy cho bit k hoch i thi v quay tr v khch sn ca bn trong c k ngy thi. D liu: Vo t file vn bn THI.INP Dng 1: Ghi ba s nguyn dng n, m, k (2 n 100; 1 k 40) m dng tip theo, mi dng c dng u v cho bit gia hai nt giao thng u v v c mt ng ph ni chng. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn THI.OUT Dng u tin: Ghi t YES hay NO tu theo c phng n i thc hin yu cu ra hay khng Trong trng hp c phng n i v, 2k dng tip theo c hai dng ghi hnh trnh trong mt ngy thi. Dng 1: Ghi danh sch cc nt giao thng i qua khi i thi, theo ng th t: bt u l nt 1, tip theo l cc nt trung gian, kt thc l nt n. Dng 2: Ghi danh sch cc nt giao thng i qua khi tr v, theo ng th t: bt u l nt n, tip theo l cc nt trung gian, kt thc l nt 1. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
THI.INP 10 17 2 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 2 4 2 8 3 5 3 9 4 6 4 7 5 6 6 8 6 10 7 9 7 10 8 10 9 10 THI.OUT YES 1 2 8 10 10 9 3 1 1 4 7 10 10 6 5 1
1 10 5 7 2 8

94

085. MO KI U C
Gia sc mt khu lng ven rng hay b mt con h d n bt trm, dn lng th o h by nhng v hiu bi h c ch s IQ trn mc trung bnh. Sau mt thi gian b h quy ph, ngi ta pht hin ra rng con h ny rt khoi Tiger Beer!!!, v khi h ung bia lc i th rt c th s b say v ri xung h. Dn lng mun tm cch t cc thng bia v o h trn mi ng i t rng ti lng, h s phi gp t nht mt thng bia v SAU gp t nht mt ci h. V chi ph o mt ci h ln hn rt nhiu so vi tin mua mt thng bia, nn dn lng mun chn trong cc phng n phi o t h nht ra phng n phi dng t thng bia nht. Bn c nh du bng n a im m ti nhng a im ny khng th o h cng nh t bia, rng l a im 1 v lng a im n. Gia hai a im bt k c nhiu nht l mt ng mn ni chng v trn on ng ch c o mt h hoc ch t mt thng bia hoc khng o h cng chng t bia. D liu: Vo t file vn bn TIGER.INP Dng 1: Cha s n (2 n 100) Cc dng tip, mi dng ghi hai s nguyn dng u, v cho bit gia hai a im u v v c mt ng mn ni chng. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TIGER.OUT Dng 1: Ghi t YES nu c phng n ngn khng cho h vo lng, ghi NO trong trng hp ngc li Trong trng hp c phng n: Dng tip theo ghi s h phi o (P) P dng tip theo, mi dng ghi mt cp s x y cho bit phi o h trn con ng ni a im x vi a im y. Dng tip theo ghi s thng bia phi t (Q) Q dng tip theo, mi dng ghi mt cp s z t cho bit phi t thng bia trn con ng ni a im z vi a im t. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
TIGER.INP 9 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 2 4 3 5 4 5 4 6 5 7 6 8 6 9 7 8 7 9 8 9 TIGER.OUT YES 2 4 6 5 7 4 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1

2 4

3 5

95

086. THNH PH

TRN SAO HO

u th k 21, ngi ta thnh lp mt d n xy dng mt thnh ph trn sao Ho th k 22 con ngi c th sng v sinh hot . Gi s rng trong th k 22, phng tin giao thng ch yu s l cc phng tin giao thng cng cng nn i li gia hai a im bt k trong thnh ph, ngi ta c th yn tm chn ng i ngn nht m khng s b tr gi do kt xe. Khi m hnh thnh ph c chuyn ln Internet, c rt nhiu kin phn nn v tnh hp l ca n, c bit, tt c cc kin u cho rng h thng ng ph nh vy l qu nhiu, lm tng chi ph xy dng cng nh bo tr. Hy b i mt s ng trong d n xy dng thnh ph, tho mn: Nu gia hai a im bt k trong d n ban u c t nht mt ng i th s sa i ny khng lm nh hng ti di ng i ngn nht gia hai a im . Tng di nhng ng ph c gi li l ngn ti tiu. D liu: Vo t file vn bn CITY.INP, cha bn d n. Dng th nht: Ghi s a im n v s ng ph m (Gia hai a im bt k c nhiu nht l mt ng ph ni chng); n 200; 0 m n * (n - 1) / 2. m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ba s nguyn dng u, v, c: cho bit c ng hai chiu ni gia hai a im u, v v di con ng l c. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CITY.OUT, cha kt qu sau khi sa i. Dng th nht ghi hai s k, d. y k l s ng ph cn li cn d l tng di ca cc ng ph cn li. k dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s nguyn dng p, q: cho bit cn phi gi li con ng ni a im p vi a im q. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
CITY.INP 10 12 1 2 1 1 5 1 2 6 7 3 4 1 3 7 2 4 8 8 5 6 3 6 7 1 6 9 2 7 8 5 7 10 8 9 10 4 CITY.OUT 9 20 1 2 1 5 3 4 3 7 5 6 6 7 6 9 7 8 9 10
1 1

1 1 5

2 7 6 2 9 1 2

4 8

7 8 10

96

087. R B T XY NH
C mt s con R-bt xy nh trn mt mnh t hnh vung, mnh t c chia thnh li vung n v kch thc nxn. V R-bt c lp trnh xy nh kh my mc, nn hai ngi nh do cng mt con R-bt xy nn s c kch thc v hnh dng y ging ht nhau (C th t chng kht ln nhau qua mt php di hnh), hai ngi nh do hai con R-bt khc nhau xy nn th c t nht mt khc nhau. Khi cng trnh hon thnh, cc ngi nh c xy hon ton tch bit (khng c hai ngi nh no chung , chung tng, nhng c th chung gc tng). Bn ca khu t c chp nh v m ho di dng mt ma trn vung A kch thc nxn, trong aij = 1 cho bit (i, j) ca mnh t thuc mt ngi nh no cn aij = 0 cho bit (i, j) ca mnh t vn cn trng.
1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

Vn t ra l khi c bn khu nh trong tay, hy xc nh s con r bt tham gia xy nh v ch r con r bt no xy ngi nh no. D liu: Vo t file vn bn HOUSES.INP Dng 1: Ghi s nguyn dng n (n 100). n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s, s th j l aij Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn HOUSES.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s con r-bt tham gia xy nh (k). n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n s, s th j l bij. y, nu aij = 0 th bij = 0, nu aij = 1 th bij l s hiu con r bt xy ngi nh cha (i, j). Cc con r-bt c nh s t 1 n k theo th t tu thch. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
HOUSES.INP 9 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 HOUSES.OUT 4 1 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 3 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 0 4 1 1 1 1 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0

0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3

2 2 0 0 0 0 3 3 3

97

088. T DUY KI U C
Mt phn mm nh c ngi phn tch thit k chia lm n cng on v giao cho hai lp trnh vin thc hin. Mi lp trnh vin s ln lt vit cc on trnh c giao mt cch tun t, v tin hnh song song vi lp trnh vin cn li. (Bi phong cch lp trnh ny yu cu tun th tuyt i thit k ban u, khng c bt ngi kia lm theo mnh lm nh hng ti tin ). Trong hai lp trnh vin, c mt ngi chuyn lp trnh PASCAL v mt ngi chuyn lp trnh C++. iu khng gy kh khn nhiu bi h s dch cc on trnh di dng cc th vin lin kt ngoi v sau ch cn lp rp li l xong. Tuy nhin, c th c nhng cng on m lp trnh vin PASCAL vit nhanh hn v cng c th c nhng cng on khc anh ta vit chm hn lp trnh vin C++. Yu cu: Cho bit thi gian d kin lp trnh vin PASCAL vit on trnh th i l pi pht, thi gian d kin lp trnh vin C++ vit on trnh th j l cj pht. Hy phn mi cng on cho ng mt ngi vit thi gian hon thnh phn mm l nhanh nht. Rng buc: n, pi, cj (1 i, j n) l cc s nguyn dng khng qu 100. D liu: Vo t file vn bn SOFTWARE.INP Dng 1: Cha s n Cc dng tip theo, cha cc s t p1 n pn ri t c1 n cn theo ng th t . Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SOFTWARE.OUT Dng 1: Ghi thi gian cn hon thnh ht c n cng on Dng 2: Ghi s hiu cc cng on c giao cho lp trnh vin PASCAL thc hin Dng 3: Ghi s hiu cc cng on c giao cho lp trnh vin C++ thc hin Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
SOFTWARE.INP 6 10 100 30 50 50 80 100 30 40 40 60 90 SOFTWARE.OUT 130 1 3 6 2 4 5

98

089. 8-3, T NG HOA KI U C

Nhn ngy 8 - 3, mt bn nam trong lp mun tng hoa cho mt bn n m s thch ca bn n ny k quc n mc ch c ... my tnh mi hiu c. Chng hn nh bn n ny cho rng trong b hoa c tng, c hoa hng th phi c hoa cc, c hoa cc th phi c hoa phng, m c hoa phng th li phi c ... hoa hng. V nu nh ai em tng c ta mt b hoa khng ng th th khng tng cn hn bi hu qu ra sao th cng ch c my tnh mi bit c. Yu cu: Hy chn mt b hoa gm t loi hoa nht m vn ph hp vi s thch ca bn n kh tnh . D liu: Vo t file vn bn FLOWERS.INP Dng 1: Ghi s n l s lng cc loi hoa (1 <= n <= 200) Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s u v v cho bit: Nu tng loi hoa u th s phi tng lun c loi hoa v. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn FLOWERS.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s nguyn dng k l s loi hoa chn ra c Dng 2: Ghi s hiu ca k loi hoa c chn Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
FLOWERS.INP 12 1 2 2 7 3 1 4 6 5 4 6 5 6 12 7 3 8 6 8 7 8 9 9 12 10 9 11 9 11 10 12 11 FLOWERS.OUT 4 9 10 11 12

2 10 9

3 7

12

11

nh: Cho bi t gi ti n m i lo i hoa, hy ch n m t b hoa r

ti n nh t!!!

99

090. M HO BURROWS WHEELER

Cho mt t W di n, ngi ta c mt cch m ho nh sau: V d vi t BANANA. Bc 1: Xt n hon v vng quanh ca W: BANANA ANANAB NANABA ANABAN NABANA ABANAN Bc 2: Sp xp n hon v vng quanh theo th t t in: ABANAN ANABAN ANANAB BANANA (*) NABANA NANABA Bc 3: Gi k l v tr ca t ban u trong dy hon v vng quanh sau khi sp xp ( y k l 4). Ly ca mi hon v vng quanh (theo ng th t sau khi sp xp theo th t t in) mt k t cui v ghp thnh mt t W' ( y W' = 'NNBAAA') Ta gi cp (W', k) l m cng khai ca t W. Yu cu 1: Vit mt chng trnh c file vn bn ENCODE.INP gm nhiu dng, mi dng cha mt t. Tng ng vi mi t W trn mt dng, hy m ho v ghi vo file vn bn ENCODE.OUT hai dng l m cng khai ca t : dng 1 ghi t W', dng 2 ghi s k. Yu cu 2: Vit mt chng trnh khc c file vn bn DECODE.INP gm nhiu cp dng: C hai dng lin tip cha mt m cng khai: dng 1 cha t W' v dng 2 ghi s k. Tng ng vi mi cp dng , hy gii m v ghi vo file vn bn DECODE.OUT mt dng cha t W l t gii m ra c. Hai yu cu trn phi c thc hin c lp trn hai file chng trnh khc nhau. Rng buc d liu: Cc t c cho lun khc rng, ch gm cc ch ci in thng v c di khng qu 10000. V d:
ENCODE.INP qua gi ma to to nhat ENCODE.OUT uaq 2 ig 1 ma 2 to 2 to 2 hnta 3 DECODE.INP xin 3 utah 3 rnag 4 uaq 2 dta 2 DECODE.OUT xin thua rang qua dat

100

091. BAO L I
Trn mt phng vi h to Decattes vung gc, cho n im khng ng thi thng hng. im th i c to l (xi, yi). (S n v cc to xi, yi u l s nguyn: 3 n 1000; -300 xi 300;-200 yi 200). Hy tm mt a gic li c din tch nh nht m min ng gii hn bi bin a gic cha tt c nhng im cho. D liu: Vo t file vn bn BOUND.INP Dng 1: Cha s n n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi hai s xi, yi Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn BOUND.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s m l s nh ca a gic m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s nguyn theo th t l honh v tung ca mt nh a gic. Cc nh ca a gic khng c php c ba im thng hng v chng phi c lit k theo ng th t lp thnh a gic. V hnh m t kt qu tm c trn mn hnh ho. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
BOUND.INP 10 0 -1 1 0 1 -3 2 4 3 -3 4 1 4 2 5 -1 6 -2 7 -1 BOUND.OUT 6 1 -3 3 -3 6 -2 7 -1 2 4 0 -1

101

092. GIAI TH A
Giai tha ca mt s t nhin k, k hiu k! c nh ngha quy np nh sau: 0! = 1 k! = (k - 1)!.k (k 1) Vn t ra l cho trc hai s t nhin m, n. (1 m n 106). Hy tm hai s t nhin a v b vi mi s t nhin k ( [a, b] th k! c khng t hn m ch s v khng nhiu hn n ch s. Nhng s t nhin khc nm ngoi on [a, b] khng c tnh cht ny. D liu: Vo t file vn bn FDIGIT.INP gm mt dng cha hai s m, n cch nhau mt du cch. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn FDIGIT.OUT gm mt dng ghi hai s a, b cch nhau mt du cch. Trong trng hp khng c s k no tho mn yu cu ra th ghi hai gi tr bt k a > b. V d:
FDIGIT.INP 2 4 FDIGIT.OUT 4 7 FDIGIT.INP 12 12 FDIGIT.OUT 15 14 FDIGIT.INP 3 9 FDIGIT.OUT 5 12

102

093. PH SNG
D kin xy dng mng li pht thanh, truyn hnh mt a phng n c mt i pht v n trm tip sng nh s t 1 ti n (n 1000). Trm th i c xy dng to (xi, yi). (Cc to l s thc, -10000 xi, yi 10000). m bo tnh trung thc ca cc ngun tin, cc trm tip sng ch c th nhn tn hiu trc tip t i pht. V nh vy c ngha l pht sng n tt c cc trm thu, bn knh ph sng ca i pht phi ln ph ht cc trm tip sng. (Gi s vng ph sng l hnh trn c tm l i pht). Yu cu: Hy tm v tr t i pht sao cho khong cch t trm xa nht ti i pht l ngn nht. Cho bit bn knh ph sng trong phng n tm c ti thiu phi l bao nhiu. D liu: Vo t file vn bn TELECOM.INP Dng 1: Cha s n n dng tip theo, dng th i cha hai s xi, yi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TELECOM.OUT Ghi ba s thc x, y, r. y (x, y) l to t i pht v r l bn knh ph sng ca i pht (i pht c th t trng to vi mt trm thu no ). Cc s thc ny phi c ly ti 6 ch s sau du chm thp phn v phi ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch hoc du xung dng V d
TELECOM.INP 8 0 0 200 300 200 0 200 200 0 200 100 300 300 100 100 0 TELECOM.OUT 121.428571 135.714286 182.107840

103

094. DY NGH CH TH
Cho x = (x1, x2, ..., xn) l mt hon v ca dy s (1, 2, ..., n). Dy t = (t1, t2, ..., tn) c gi l dy nghch th ca dy hon v x nu n c xy dng nh sau: ti := s phn t ng trc gi tr i m ln hn i trong dy x. (1 i n). V d: Vi n = 6 Dy x = (3, 2, 1, 6, 4, 5) th dy nghch th ca n l (2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0) Dy x = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) th dy nghch th ca n l (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) Dy x = (6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1) th dy nghch th ca n l (5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0) Vn t ra l cho trc dy t, hy cho bit dy hon v x nhn t lm dy nghch th ca n. D liu: Vo t file vn bn RECOVER.INP Dng 1: Cha s nguyn dng n (n 5000). Dng 2: Cha cc s t1, t2, ..., tn theo ng th t cch nhau t nht mt du cch. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn RECOVER.OUT Ch gm mt dng ghi cc s x1, x2, ..., xn cch nhau t nht mt du cch theo ng th t . D liu vo c cho lun lun ng n c th tm ra nghim V d:
RECOVER.INP 6 2 1 0 1 1 0 RECOVER.OUT 3 2 1 6 4 5

104

095. MUA HNG

Mt cng ty mun mua m my tnh. Sau khi ly thng tin ti n ca hng (1 n 10000), ngi ta bit c rng ca hng th i c bn ai my tnh v vi gi mi my tnh l bi. (ai, bi l nhng s nguyn dng: ai 100; bi 2000). Gi s rng cc ca hng c my bn cho cng ty. Hy tm cch mua r nht. D liu: Vo t file vn bn BUY.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s m, n cch nhau t nht mt du cch. n dng tip theo, dng th i cha hai s ai, bi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn BUY.OUT Dng 1: Ghi tng s tin phi tr. n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi s my tnh mua ca hng th i. V d:
BUY.INP 22 5 3 30 5 10 6 8 10 5 2 20 BUY.OUT 168 0 5 6 10 1

105

096. XU CON CHUNG DI NH T

Xu k t X c gi l xu con ca xu k t Y nu ta c th xo i mt s k t trong xu Y c xu X. Cho bit hai xu k t A v B, hy tm xu k t C c di ln nht v l con ca c A v B.

D liu: Vo t file vn bn STR.INP Dng 1: cha xu A Dng 2: cha xu B Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn STR.OUT Ch gm mt dng ghi xu C tm c V d:
STR.INP abc1def2ghi3 abcdefghi123 STR.OUT abcdefghi3

106

097. DY CON NG N NH T
Cho s nguyn dng n 1000 v n s t nhin a1, a2, ..., an. (i: ai 10000). Yu cu: Cho s nguyn dng m 10000, hy cho bit mt dy con ca dy a c tng bng m cha t phn t nht. D liu: Vo t file vn bn SUBSEQ.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m Dng 2: Cha n s a1, a2, ..., an theo ng th t . Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SUBSEQ.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s k l s phn t ca dy con chn ra c, nu khng tn ti dy con c tng bng m th ghi s -1. Nu c phng n chn dy con, th dng 2 ghi ch s ca k phn t c chn (ghi theo th t tu thch). Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
SUBSEQ.INP 10 220 10 30 50 70 90 20 40 60 80 100 SUBSEQ.OUT 3 8 5 4

107

098. BI N I DY S
Cho dy s nguyn dng a = (a1, a2, ..., an) (1 n 100; vi i: 1 ai 100). Xt hai loi php bin i: Php bin i +i: Tng ai ln 1 n v Php bin i -i: Gim ai i 1 n v. Yu cu: Hy tm mt cch s dng t php bin i nht bin dy a tr thnh dy tho mn: 1 a1 < a2 < ... < an 100 D liu: Vo t file vn bn SEQ.INP Dng 1: Cha s n Dng 2: Cha n s a1, a2, ..., an theo ng th t cch nhau t nht mt du cch. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SEQ.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s m l s php bin i tm c m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi mt php bin i V d:
SEQ.INP 5 4 1 6 7 4 SEQ.OUT 8 +5 +5 +5 +5 +2 -1 -1 -1 SEQ.INP 4 98 99 100 96 SEQ.OUT 7 +4 +4 +4 +4 -3 -2 -1

108

099. GI TR NH

NH T

Mt s nguyn dng x gi l con ca s nguyn dng y nu ta c th xo bt mt s ch s ca y c x. Cho hai s nguyn dng a v b hy tm s c nhn c a v b l con, sao cho gi tr ca c l nh nht c th. Rng buc: 1 a, b 10100; D liu: Vo t file vn bn NUMBER.INP Dng th nht cha s a Dng th hai cha s b Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn NUMBER.OUT Ghi ra trn mt dng s c. V d:
NUMBER.INP 111999111 999111999 NUMBER.OUT 111999111999 NUMBER.INP 567812345678 123456781234 NUMBER.OUT 1234567812345678

109

100. N I DY
Cho hai ng thng song song nm ngang d1 v d2. Trn mi ng thng, ngi ta chn ly n im phn bit v gn cho mi im mt s nguyn dng l nhn ca im : Trn ng thng d1, im th i (theo th t t tri qua phi) c gn nhn l ai. Trn ng thng d2, im th j (theo th t t tri qua phi) c gn nhn l bj. y (a1, a2, ..., an) v (b1, b2, ..., bn) l nhng hon v ca dy s (1, 2, ..., n) Yu cu: Hy ch ra mt s ti a cc on thng tho mn: Mi on thng phi ni hai im c cng mt nhn: mt im trn ng thng d1 v mt im trn ng thng d2. Cc on thng i mt khng c im chung
2 d1 3 1 5 6 4

d2 3 2 5 6 1 4

D liu: Vo t file vn bn LINES.INP Dng 1: Cha s nguyn dng n 5000 Dng 2: Cha n s ca dy hon v a1, a2, ..., an. Dng 3: Cha n s ca dy hon v b1, b2, ..., bn. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn LINES.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s k l s on thng ni c. Dng 2: Ghi k nhn ca cc on thng c chn (nhn ca mi on thng l nhn ca im u mt) Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
LINES.INP 6 2 3 1 5 6 4 3 2 5 6 1 4 LINES.OUT 4 4 6 5 3 LINES.INP 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 6 7 3 4 5 LINES.OUT 5 1 2 3 4 5

Cch cho im: Chm theo 10 Test, im ti a cho mi Test l 1. i vi mi mt Test: Nu chng trnh chy gp li, hoc ghi sai khun dng Output, hoc cho phng n ni dy khng hp l (c hai on thng ct nhau), hoc chy qu 10 giy: 0 im. Nu khng, im cho test s l: (S dy ni tm c / s dy ni ca p n)2.

110

101. GHI A
C n file nh s 1, 2, ..., n. File th i c kch thc l ai. Cho trc mt s a mm trng, dung lng ca mi a l M. Yu cu: Hy tm cch ghi file ln cc a mm sao cho s a mm phi dng l t nht. (Tt nhin mi a khng th cha qu dung lng M v mi file phi nm gn trong mt a no ch khng c ct nh v ghi vo nhiu a khc nhau). Rng buc: 1 n 100; cc ai v M l cc s nguyn dng: 1 ai M 10000. i D liu: Vo t file vn bn DISKS.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s n, M Cc dng tip: Cha cc s t a1 n an theo ng th t Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn DISKS.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s k l s a phi dng Dng th i trong k dng tip theo, ghi s hiu ca cc file c ghi vo a mm th i. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
DISKS.INP 8 14 9 7 4 3 3 2 8 6 DISKS.OUT 3 1 4 6 7 8 2 3 5

Chng trnh khng c chy qu 5 giy cho mi Test.

111

102. NG I THOT M CUNG

Bn mt m cung hnh ch nht c chia thnh li vung kch thc mxn, trn mi (i, j) ghi mt k t aij: aij = '.' nu l an ton aij = 'E' nu l c mt nh thm him ang ng, c ng mt ghi ch "E". aij = 'X' nu l nguy him. Ti mi thi im, nh thm him ch c di chuyn sang mt trong cc an ton k cnh vi ang ng. Yu cu: Hy tm hnh trnh di chuyn gip cho nh thm him thot ra mt nm bin ca m cung. D liu: Vo t file vn bn ESCAPE.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s m, n cch nhau t nht mt du cch (1 m, n 100) m dng tip theo, dng th i cha n k t, k t th j l aij. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn ESCAPE.OUT Dng 1: Ghi t YES hay NO tu theo c tn ti ng i thot khi m cung hay khng Nu dng 1 ghi t YES, cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s hng v ch s ct ca mt trong hnh trnh cch nhau t nht mt du cch. Cc trn ng i phi c lit k theo ng th t i qua, bt u t m nh thm him ang ng ti bin kt thc hnh trnh. V d:
ESCAPE.INP 10 10 XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XX.....XXX XX.XXX.XXX XX.EXX...X XXXXXX.X.X .......X.X XXXXXXXX.X .........X XXXXXXXXXX ESCAPE.OUT YES 5 4 5 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 4 7 5 7 6 7 7 7 7 6 7 5 7 4 7 3 7 2 7 1

112

103. CHU TRNH C B N

Mt khu du lch c n a im nh s 1, 2, ..., n v mt s ng i hai chiu ni nhng cp a im . Gia hai a im bt k c nhiu nht l mt ng i ni chng. Mt khch du lch xut pht t a im S mun i thm mt s a im khc ri sau quay tr v S. trnh s nhm chn, ng ta mun tm mt hnh trnh khng qua mt con ng hay mt a im no qu mt ln (Tt nhin, ngoi tr a im S phi c mt trong hnh trnh hai ln bi l ni bt u cng nh kt thc hnh trnh). Yu cu: Hy ch ng cho du khch . D liu: Vo t file vn bn CIRCUIT.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s n, S (3 n 200). Cc dng tip theo, mi dng cha hai s nguyn dng u, v cho ta thng tin: gia hai a im u v v c mt ng i hai chiu ni chng. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CIRCUIT.OUT Dng 1: Ghi t YES hay NO tu theo c tn ti hnh trnh tho mn yu cu ca du khch hay khng Nu dng 1 ghi t YES, dng 2 ghi hnh trnh tm c: Bt u l a im S, tip theo l danh sch cc a im s i qua theo ng th t trong hnh trnh, cui cng li l a im S. V d:
CIRCUIT.INP 7 1 1 2 1 5 1 7 2 3 2 4 3 4 5 6 6 7 CIRCUIT.OUT YES 1 7 6 5 1
2

1 5

3 4 7

113

104. C T CY S
Mt mng li giao thng gm n thnh ph v m tuyn ng xa l hai chiu. Gia hai thnh ph bt k c nhiu nht l mt xa l ni trc tip t thnh ph ny ti thnh ph kia. Trn mi xa l, ngi ta dng sn cc ct cy s ch ng cho hnh khch. in s km trn cc ct cy s, ngi ta s dng mt r-bt. Mun in cc ct cy s trn mt tuyn ng (u, v) th r bt phi thc hin mt chuyn i t u ti v v mt chuyn i t v v u, c sau mi km th dng li v ghi vo mt mt ca mt ct cy s. V d: in cc ct cy s trn tuyn ng H Ni - Hi Phng. u tin r bt xut pht t H Ni, c i mi km th dng li v in vo ct cy s dng "H Ni ... km", tt nhin ch c th in vo mt quay v hng Hi Phng bi R bt khng bit c t n Hi Phng cn bao xa. Mun in dng ch "Hi Phng ... km" ln mt cn li ca cc ct cy s th r bt phi thc hin hnh trnh t Hi Phng tr v H Ni Yu cu: Gi thit rng h thng giao thng m bo s i li gia hai thnh ph bt k. Hy tm mt hnh trnh ca R bt xut pht t thnh ph 1, i vit y ln cc ct cy s ri quay tr v thnh ph 1, sao cho mi mt ca ct cy s bt k no cng ch b vit mt ln. D liu: Vo t file vn bn MSTONE.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m cch nhau mt du cch (2 n 200) m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s u, v cch nhau mt du cch: cho bit gia hai thnh ph u v v c mt tuyn xa l ni chng Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MSTONE.OUT Ghi cc hnh trnh r bt phi i: Bt u t thnh ph 1, tip theo l cc thnh ph i qua theo ng th t trong hnh trnh, kt thc l thnh ph 1. Cc s hiu thnh ph phi ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch hoc du xung dng. V d:
MSTONE.INP 7 8 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 5 5 6 6 7 6 2 MSTONE.OUT 1 2 6 7 6 5 2 5 6 2 4 3 2 3 4 2 1

4 1 2 6 5

114

105. L CH S A CH A T
Mt c s sa cha t c nhn n chic xe sa. Do cc nhn vin lm vic qu li nhc nn n hn tr cho khch hng m vn cha tin hnh sa c chic xe no. Theo hp ng k kt t trc, nu bn giao xe th i qu hn ngy no th s phi tr thm mt khon tin pht l ai. ng ch c s sa cha quyt nh sa thi ton b cng nhn v thu nhn cng mi. Vi lc lng mi ny, ng ta d nh rng sa chic xe th i s cn bi ngy. Vn t ra i vi ng l phi lp lch sa tun t cc chic xe sao cho tng s tin b pht l t nht. Yu cu: Hy lp lch sa xe gip cho ng ch c s sa cha t. D liu: Vo t file vn bn SCHEDULE.INP Dng 1: Cha s n (n 10000) Dng 2: Cha n s nguyn dng a1, a2, ..., an (1 ai 10000) Dng 3: Cha n s nguyn dng b1, b2, ..., bn (1 bi 100) Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SCHEDULE.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s tin b pht ti thiu Dng 2: Ghi s hiu cc xe s tin hnh sa cha, theo th t t xe c sa u tin n xe sa sau cng V d:
SCHEDULE.INP 4 1 3 4 2 3 2 3 1 SCHEDULE.OUT 44 4 2 3 1

1 4

2 2

5 3

8 1

Tin pht:
Xe 4: Mu n 1 (ngy) x 2 = 2 Xe 2: Mu n 3 (ngy) x 3 = 9 Xe 3: Mu n 6 (ngy) x 4 = 24 Xe 1: Mu n 9 (ngy) x 1 = 9 ---------------------------T ng c ng = 44

Nu sa theo th t 1, 2, 3, 4 th:
Xe 1: Mu n 3 (ngy) x 1 = 3 Xe 2: Mu n 5 (ngy) x 3 = 15 Xe 3: Mu n 8 (ngy) x 4 = 32 Xe 4: Mu n 9 (ngy) x 2 = 18 ---------------------------T ng c ng = 68

115

106. KH P V C U
Xt n th v hng G = (V, E) c n nh v m cnh. Ngi ta nh ngha mt nh gi l khp nu nh xo nh s lm tng s thnh phn lin thng ca th. Tng t nh vy, mt cnh c gi l cu nu xo cnh s lm tng s thnh phn lin thng ca th. Vn t ra l cn phi xc nh tt c cc khp v cu ca th G. D liu: Vo t file vn bn GRAPH.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m (1 n 1000; m 10000) m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi s hiu hai nh u v v: th hin gia nh u v nh v c mt cnh ni chng Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn GRAPH.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s khp (P) v s cu (Q) ca th P dng tip theo, mi dng ghi s hiu mt khp tm c Q dng tip theo, mi dng ghi s hiu hai nh tng ng vi mt cu lin thuc vi hai nh Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
GRAPH.INP 10 12 1 10 10 2 10 3 2 4 4 5 5 2 3 6 6 7 7 3 7 8 8 9 9 7 GRAPH.OUT 4 3 7 3 2 10 10 3 10 2 1 10
4 5 6

10

3 7 9 8

116

107. HNG I V I

U TIN

Cho trc mt danh sch rng. Ngi ta xt hai thao tc trn danh sch : Thao tc "+V" ( y V l mt s t nhin 109): Nu danh sch ang c t hn 15000 phn t th thao tc ny b sung thm phn t V vo danh sch; Nu khng, thao tc ny khng c hiu lc. Thao tc "-": Nu danh sch ang khng rng th thao tc ny loi b tt c cc phn t ln nht ca danh sch; Nu khng, thao tc ny khng c hiu lc V d: Vi danh sch ban u l rng: Nu ta thc hin lin tip cc thao tc: +1, +3, +2, +3 ta s c danh sch (1, 3, 2, 3) Thc hin thao tc -, ta s c danh sch (1, 2) Thc hin hai thao tc +4, ta s c danh sch (1, 2, 4, 4) Thc hin thao tc -, ta s c danh sch (1, 2) Tip tc vi cc thao tc +2, +9, +7, +8, ta s c danh sch (1, 2, 2, 9, 7, 8) Cui cng thc hin thao tc -, ta cn li danh sch (1, 2, 2, 7, 8) Vn t ra l cho trc mt dy khng qu 100000 thao tc, hy xc nh nhng gi tr s no cn li trong danh sch, mi gi tr ch c lit k mt ln. D liu: Vo t file vn bn IO.INP Gm nhiu dng, mi dng ghi mt thao tc. Th t cc thao tc trn cc dng c lit k theo ng th t s thc hin. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn IO.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s lng nhng gi tr cn li trong danh sch. Dng 2: Lit k nhng gi tr Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
IO.INP +1 +3 +2 +3 +4 +4 +2 +9 +7 +8 IO.OUT 4 8 7 2 1

117

108. H I CH
Bn hi ch l mt hnh ch nht c chia thnh li vung n v kch thc mxn. Mi tng trng cho mt gian hng. n thm gian hng (i, j) th phi tr mt s tin l aij. Nhng ca vo hi ch c t nhng gian hng nm trn bin tri; cn nhng li ra ca hi ch c t nhng gian hng nm trn bin phi. T mt gian hng bt k c th i sang mt trong nhng gian hng chung cnh vi gian hng . Yu cu: Hy tm mt ng i thm hi ch (t mt ca vo ti mt li ra) sao cho tng s tin phi tr l t nht. Rng buc: m, n v cc s aij l nhng s t nhin khng qu 100. (m 1, n 2)
5 9 9 10 10 10 1 7 2 10 10 10 1 7 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 10 2 10 17 12 10 10 3 10

D liu: Vo t file vn bn FAIR.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s m, n m dng tip theo, dng th i cha n s, s th j l aij. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn FAIR.OUT Dng 1: Ghi tng s tin phi tr. Cc dng tip theo mi dng ghi ch s hng v ch s ct ca mt trn ng i. Th t cc c lit k trn nhng dng ny phi theo ng th t trn hnh trnh: Bt u t mt ca vo, kt thc l mt li ra. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
FAIR.INP 6 5 5 1 1 1 17 9 7 7 1 12 9 2 1 1 10 10 10 1 10 10 10 10 1 2 3 10 10 10 10 10 FAIR.OUT 18 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 2 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 5 3 5 4 5 5

118

109. SERIE A
Gii bng ngoi hng Italia (Serie A) l gii bng hp dn nht hnh tinh, y ngi ta c chng kin cuc tranh ti ca nhng i bng ln, nhng danh th ni ting th gii v c khng kh cung nhit ca cc sn vn ng cho ti tn nhng vng u cui cng. Vi mt gii bng chuyn nghip nh vy th cng vic ca ban t chc khng d dng cht no, hng tun h phi tng hp thng tin v cc trn u xp li th hng cc i, v mt s nhm ln d rt nh cng c th gy nn s ch trch t pha bo ch. Yu cu: Bit thng tin v nhng trn u, hy lp bng thng k thnh tch ca tng i theo th t t cao xung thp. Cch xp nh sau: Vi hai i bt k th i no nhiu im hn s xp trc, nu hai i bng im th i no c hiu s Bn thng - Bn thua cao hn s xp trc, nu vn bng nhau v hiu s bn Thng - Thua th i no ghi c nhiu bn thng hn s xp trc, cn nu li bng nhau c v s bn thng th i no c tn (xp theo vn ABC) nh hn s xp trc. Thng tin chung v gii: mi i ch ghi c ti a 10 bn trong mt trn, gii c thi u theo th thc vng trn hai lt. Vi mi trn, i thng c 3 im, i ho c 1 im, i thua c 0 im. Tn ca cc i hon ton phn bit. D liu: Vo t file vn bn SERIEA.INP Dng 1: Cha s n l s i bng (2 n 1000) n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi tn ca i th i (l xu gm ng 3 ch ci in hoa) Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi 4 thng tin ca mt trn u: n1, n2, g1, g2. y n1 v n2 l tn hai i thi u, g1 l s bn thng ca i n1 ghi c, g2 l s bn thng ca i n2 ghi c trong trn u . Bn thng tin ny c ghi cch nhau ng mt du cch. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SERIEA.OUT Gm n dng, mi dng ghi thng tin v mt i bng sau khi sp th hng theo khun dng sau: Tn i, S trn , im s, S trn thng, S trn thua, S trn ho, S bn thng, S bn thua, Hiu s Bn thng - Bn thua. Nhng thng tin ny phi ghi cch nhau ng mt du cch V d:
SERIEA.INP 7 JUV MIL ROM BAR INT LAZ UDI JUV MIL 1 1 ROM BAR 4 1 JUV INT 2 1 JUV ROM 2 2 MIL JUV 3 2 LAZ BAR 5 2 ROM INT 1 2 MIL ROM 2 2 SERIEA.OUT ROM 4 5 1 1 MIL 3 5 1 0 JUV 4 5 1 1 LAZ 1 3 1 0 INT 2 3 1 1 UDI 0 0 0 0 BAR 2 0 0 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 9 6 7 5 3 0 3 7 5 7 2 3 0 9 2 1 0 3 0 0 -6

119

110. S

HI U V GI TR

Xt tt c cc hon v ca dy s t nhin (1, 2, ..., n); (1 n 12).Gi s rng cc hon v c sp xp theo th t t in. V d vi n = 3, c 6 hon v: 1. 1 2 3 2. 1 3 2 3. 2 1 3 4. 2 3 1 5. 3 1 2 6. 3 2 1 Vn t ra l: Cho trc mt hon v (a1, a2, ..., an), hy cho bit s th t q ca hon v v ngc li: Cho trc mt s th t p (1 p n!) hy tm dy hon v (b1, b2, ..., bn) mang s th t p. D liu: Vo t file vn bn PERMUTE.INP Dng 1: Cha n s a1, a2, ..., an Dng 2: Cha s p Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn PERMUTE.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s q Dng 2: Ghi n s b1, b2, ..., bn Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
PERMUTE.INP 2 1 3 4 PERMUTE.OUT 3 2 3 1

120

111. PHP CO
Xt dy s nguyn dng a = (a1, a2, ..., an) (2 n 100; 1 ai 100). Ban u dy s c vit theo th t t tri sang phi, t a1 ti an. Xt php co R(i): Thay hai phn t lin tip ai v ai+1 thnh (ai - ai+1). Sau dy c nh ch s li: T tri sang phi, bt u t 1. V d: dy a = (5, 1, 4, 2, 3) Vi php co R(1) ta c a = (4, 4, 2, 3) Vi php co R(3) ta c a = (4, 4, -1) Vi php co R(2) ta c a = (4, 5) Vi php co R(1) ta c a = (-1). Yu cu: Cho trc dy a v s k. Hy tm mt dy n - 1 php co bin dy a thnh (k). (Dy a v s k c cho lun tn ti t nht mt phng n) D liu: Vo t file vn bn SEQ.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s n, k Dng 2: Cha n s a1, a2, ..., an. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SEQ.OUT Gm n - 1 dng, mi dng ghi v tr ca mt php bin i, cc php bin i phi c lit k theo ng th t thc hin V d
SEQ.INP 5 -1 5 1 4 2 3 SEQ.OUT 4 3 1 1

121

112. CH A NGO C
Mt dy du ngoc ng l mt dy cc k t "(" v ")" c nh ngha quy nh sau: 1. () l mt dy du ngoc ng. 2. Nu A l mt dy du ngoc ng th (A) l dy du ngoc ng. 3. Nu B v C l hai dy du ngoc ng th BC l dy du ngoc ng. Yu cu: Cho mt xu k t S di n ch gm cc du "(" v ")" (n chn, 2 n 200). Hy tm xu T tho mn: T l dy du ngoc ng di n T l "ging" S nht theo ngha: S v tr i m T[i] S[i] l cc tiu D liu: Vo t file vn bn BRACKETS.INP, ch gm 1 dng cha xu S Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn BRACKETS.OUT cng ch gm mt dng ghi xu T. V d:
BRACKETS.INP )())())()))) BRACKETS.OUT ()((()))((()))

122

113. M HO BURROWS WHEELER

Cho mt t W di n, ngi ta c mt cch m ho nh sau: V d vi t banana. Bc 1: Xt n hon v vng quanh ca W: banana ananab nanaba anaban nabana abanan Bc 2: Sp xp n hon v vng quanh theo th t t in: abanan anaban ananab banana (*) nabana nanaba Bc 3: Gi k l v tr ca t ban u trong dy hon v vng quanh sau khi sp xp ( y k l 4). Ly ca mi hon v vng quanh (theo ng th t sau khi sp xp theo th t t in) mt k t cui v ghp thnh mt t W' ( y W' = 'nnbaaa') Ta gi cp (W', k) l m cng khai ca t W. Yu cu: Vit chng trnh c file vn bn DECODE.INP gm nhiu cp dng: C hai dng lin tip cha mt m cng khai: dng 1 cha t W' v dng 2 ghi s k. Tng ng vi mi cp dng , hy gii m v ghi vo file vn bn DECODE.OUT mt dng cha t W l t gii m ra c. Rng buc d liu: Cc t c cho lun khc rng, ch gm cc ch ci in thng v c di khng qu 10000. M cng khai lun c cho ng n. V d:
DECODE.INP nnbaaa 4 DECODE.OUT Banana DECODE.INP drtyeesya 8 lla 1 ym 1 ulbrteso 7 emseed 6 so 2 fra 2 ywaa 1 DECODE.OUT yesterday all my troubles seemed so far away

123

114. M NG RT G N
Mt h thng gm n my tnh c ni thnh mt mng c m knh ni, mi knh ni hai my tnh trong mng, gia hai my tnh c khng qu 1 knh ni. Cc my tnh c nh s t 1 n n v cc knh ni c nh s t 1 ti m. Vic truyn tin trc tip c th thc hin c i vi hai my c knh ni. Cc knh ni trong mng c chia ra lm ba loi 1, 2, 3. Ta ni gia hai my a v b trong mng c ng truyn tin loi k (k{1, 2}) nu tm c dy cc my a = v1, v2, ..., vp = b tho mn iu kin: gia hai my vi v vi+1 hoc c knh ni loi k, hoc c knh ni loi 3, (i = 1, 2, ..., p - 1). Yu cu: Cn tm cch loi b khi mng mt s nhiu nht knh ni nhng vn m bo lun tm c c ng truyn tin loi 1 ln ng truyn tin loi 2 gia hai my bt k trong mng. D liu: Vo t file vn bn NREDUCE.INP Dng u tin cha hai s nguyn dng n, m (n 500; m 10000). Dng th i trong s m dng tip theo cha ba s nguyn dng ui, vi, si cho bit knh truyn tin th i l knh loi si ni hai my ui v vi. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn NREDUCE.OUT Dng u tin ghi r l s knh cn loi b. r = -1 nu trong mng cho tn ti hai my khng c ng truyn tin loi 1 hoc li 2. Nu r > 0 th r dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s ca mt knh cn loi b. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
NREDUCE.INP 5 7 1 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 2 5 4 1 5 2 2 1 5 1 NREDUCE.OUT 2 6 7 NREDUCE.INP 3 3 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 2 NREDUCE.OUT 0

124

115. DY NGO C
Mt dy ngoc ng l mt dy cc k t "(", ")", "[" v "]" c nh ngha nh sau: iv. Dy rng l mt dy ngoc ng v. Nu A l dy ngoc ng th (A) v [A] cng l nhng dy ngoc ng vi. Nu A v B l nhng dy ngoc ng th AB cng l dy ngoc ng. V d cc dy: (), [], ([])()[()] l nhng dy ngoc ng. Yu cu: Cho xu S ch gm cc k t "(", ")", "[" v "]". Hy tm cch b sung mt s ti thiu cc k t cn thit nhn c mt dy ngoc ng. Cho bit dy ngoc ng . D liu: Vo t file vn bn BRACKET.INP, ch gm 1 dng cha xu S khng qu 200 k t Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn BRACKET.OUT, ch gm 1 dng ghi biu thc ngoc ng tng ng vi xu S. V d:
BRACKET.INP ([(] BRACKET.OUT ()[()] BRACKET.INP ([[((())())]()])[] BRACKET.OUT ([[((())())]()])[]

125

116. L P RP MY TNH
Trong dy chuyn lp rp my tnh t ng, c M loi linh kin nh s 1, 2...,M v mi chic my c lp rp ln lt t T linh kin O1, O2, ..., OT theo ng th t ny. (1 Oi M). t ng ho dy chuyn sn xut, ngi ta s dng mt r-bt lp rp v N dng c lp rp. Bit c nhng thng tin sau: Ti mi thi im, R-bt ch c th cm c 1 dng c. Ti thi im bt u, R-bt khng cm dng c g c v phi chn mt trong s N dng c cho, thi gian chn khng ng k. Khi c dng c, R-bt s s dng n lp mt linh kin trong dy O, bit thi gian Rbt lp linh kin loi v bng dng c th i l biv (1 i N, 1 v M). Sau khi lp xong mi linh kin, R-bt c php i dng c khc lp linh kin tip theo, bit thi gian i t dng c i sang dng c j l aij. (Lu rng aij c th khc aji v aii lun bng 0). Yu cu: Hy lp trnh cho R-bt c th lp rp cc linh kin O1, O2, ..., OT mt cch nhanh nht. D liu: Vo t file vn bn VITERBI.INP theo khun dng sau:
N M T O1 O2 ... OT a11 a12 ... a1N a21 a22 ... a2N ... aN1 aN2 ... aNN b11 b12 ... ... b1M b21 b22 ... ... b2M ... bN1 bN2 ... ... bNM

Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn VITERBI.OUT theo khun dng sau: Dng 1: Ghi thi gian lp rp xong ton b T linh kin O1, ..., OT Dng 2: Ghi T s, s th k l s hiu dng c c chn lp linh kin th k trong dy (Ok). Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch Rng buc: Tt c cc s ni ti trn u l cc s t nhin 200. Ring N, M v T c thm gi thit l s dng. V d:
VITERBI.INP 3 4 8 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 0 9 1 1 0 9 9 1 0 8 8 1 5 8 1 8 8 1 8 8 8 VITERBI.OUT 21 3 2 1 1 3 2 1 1

126

117. NG M T CHI U
Mt h thng giao thng c n a im v m on ng mt chiu ni cc cp a im . Ta k hiu (u,v) l on ng mt chiu i t a im u ti a im v ((u, v) (v, u)). Gia hai a im c th c nhiu on ng ni chng. Vn t ra l hy xy dng thm mt s t nht cc tuyn ng mt chiu h thng giao thng m bo c s i li gia hai a im bt k. D liu: Vo t file vn bn TRAFFIC.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m (n 200; m 10000) m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s u, v tng ng vi tuyn ng mt chiu (u, v) Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TRAFFIC.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s k l s tuyn ng cn xy dng thm k dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s x, y tng ng vi mt tuyn ng (x, y) cn xy dng thm V d:
TRAFFIC.INP 13 15 1 9 1 12 2 3 3 4 4 1 4 5 5 2 6 7 7 1 7 8 8 6 9 10 10 11 11 9 12 13 TRAFFIC.OUT 2 13 3 11 8
3 4 1

2 5

7 8

12 13

9 11 10

127

118. PH
Cho n on trn trc s, on th i l [Li, Ri]. Hy chn ra trong cc on k trn mt s t nht cc on ph ht on [a, b] D liu: Vo t file vn bn COVER.INP Dng 1: Cha 3 s n, a, b n dng tip theo, dng th i cha hai s Li v Ri Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn COVER.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s k l s on c chn (Nu khng c cch chn th k = -1) Trong trng hp c phng n thc hin yu cu th k dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s mt on c chn Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch Rng buc: 1 n 100000; cc s cn li l s nguyn dng 30000; a b; i: Li Ri V d:
COVER.INP 8 4 1 2 1 3 7 9 8 2 10 8 3 3 4 4 10 11 11 COVER.OUT 3 1 4 6 COVER.INP 8 1 200 1 4 2 5 4 5 6 45 6 7 5 7 100 200 50 99 COVER.OUT -1

128

119. THP G CH
Mt b chi c n vin gch nha, mi vin gch c chiu cao = chiu rng = 1, chiu di = 2. Mt thp gch l mt cch xp cc vin gch thnh cc tng so le tho mn : Thp c cao H ( gm H tng ) Tng 1 c M vin gch Mi tng c t nht 1 vin gch v hai tng lin tip hn km nhau ng 1 vin gch Tng s gch phi s dng khng vt qu n V d di y c th coi l mt thp vi H = 6, M = 2, n 13

Ta c th m ho mi thp bng mt dy c H s nguyn dng m s nguyn th i l s gch ca tng i (Nh v d trn l thp tng ng vi dy s 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 1), khi cc thp c nh s bt u t 1 theo th t t in ca dy s tng ng. Yu cu: Cho 3 s n, H, M (1 n 32767; 1 H 30; 1 M 10), hy m s thp c th. V vi mt s nguyn dng K, hy cho bit dy s tng ng vi thp th K. Cc s lun c cho hp l c th tm ra nghim.

129

120. THU THU

Hai nc lng ging X v Y thit lp quan h thng mi v h tho thun vi nhau mt hip nh chung. Theo hip nh ny, hng mt thnh ph ca nc X s c th chuyn thng ti mt thnh ph ca nc Y v ngc li nu nh c ng i (ng b, ng bin, ng khng ...) gia hai thnh ph ny. Hai nc mun thit lp mt h thng trm thu thu ti cc thnh ph mi chuyn hng lu chuyn gia hai nc u phi qua trm thu v s trm thu l t nht c th c. Gi s bn bit c h thng giao thng gia hai nc, hy cho bit nn t cc trm thu ti nhng thnh ph no. D liu: Vo t file vn bn TAX.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s nguyn dng m v n (m, n 600), y m l s thnh ph ca nc X v n l s thnh ph ca nc Y Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s nguyn dng i, j cho bit gia thnh ph i ca nc X v thnh ph j ca nc Y c ng lu chuyn hng ho. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn TAX.OUT Dng 1: Ghi hai s P v Q theo th t l s trm thu t ti nc X v nc Y P dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s ca mt thnh ph nc X s t trm thu Q dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s ca mt thnh ph nc Y s t trm thu Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
TAX.INP 5 5 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 4 TAX.OUT 2 2 1 4 3 4

Gii hn: 512KB, 5 giy/1 test Nng cao : Ci t b ng Turbo Pascal , gi i h n 256 KB, 30 giy/1 test v m,n <= 1000

130

121. PHN CNG

C m th v n cng vic, cc th nh s t 1 ti m v cc vic nh s t 1 ti n. Mi th c kh nng thc hin mt s cng vic no . Khi giao vic cho cc th thc hin, i vi mt ngi th th h s thc hin cc cng vic c giao mt cch tun t v lin tc (sequence), lm mi vic mt mt n v thi gian. Nhng i vi nhiu th th cc cng vic ca h c thc hin song song (paralell), vic ca ai ngi y lm, khng nh hng ti tin ca ngi khc. Hy tm cc phn cng cng vic cho cc th tt c cc cng vic c thc hin, mi vic ch phn cho mt th v thi gian hon thnh tt c cc cng vic l nhanh nht. Nu c nhiu phng n u tho mn yu cu trn th ch ra phng n m s vic giao cho th lm t nht l nhiu nht. D liu: Vo t file vn bn ASSIGN.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s nguyn dng m v n (1 m 200; 1 n 1000) m dng tip theo, dng i cha danh sch cc cng vic m th i c th thc hin, c thm mt k hiu kt thc l s 0. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn ASSIGN.OUT Dng 1: Ghi t YES hay NO tu theo c tn ti cch phn cng thc hin tt c cc cng vic hay khng. Nu dng 1 ghi t YES: Dng 2: Ghi thi gian nhanh nht c th hon thnh cc cng vic m dng tip theo, dng i ghi danh sch cc cng vic c phn cho th i, ghi thm mt k hiu kt thc l s 0. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output File ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
ASSIGN.INP 4 10 1 2 3 4 5 0 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 ASSIGN.OUT YES 3 3 4 5 0 6 7 8 0 2 9 0 1 10 0

Gii hn: 512KB, 5 giy/1 test ( chy bng TPX ). Nng cao : Ci t b ng Turbo Pascal , 256 KB , 30 giy/1 test. N , M khng thay i

131

122. XU CON
Cho hai xu k t A = A1A2...Am v B = B1B2...Bn. Hai xu k t ny ch gm cc ch ci ting Anh. (1 n m 200). Gi thit rng c th xo i mt s k t ca xu A c xu B Hy tm mt dy ch s i1, i2, ..., in tho mn: i1 < i2 < ... < in B = Ai1Ai2...Ain Trong cc dy ch s tho mn c 2 iu kin trn, hy cho bit dy ch s m max (i k +1 i k ) l nh nht c th
1 k n 1

D liu: Vo t file vn bn SUBSTR.INP Dng 1: Cha xu A Dng 2: Cha xu B Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SUBSTR.OUT Ch gm 1 dng ghi dy ch s i1, i2, ..., in, hai s lin tip cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
SUBSTR.INP fAzyxABlCiDkabc ABCD SUBSTR.OUT 6 7 9 11

132

123. LN SC S C
Cho mt li vung n v kch thc mxn, trn mi ghi mt s t nhin 6. C mt con sc sc (hnh lp phng cnh 1 n v) nm ti mt (x, y) mang s 6. Cc mt con sc sc c ghi cc s nguyn dng t 1 n 6: mt trn mang s 1, mt bn hng v mp trn ca li mang s 2, mt bn hng v mp tri ca li mang s 3, tng hai s ghi trn hai mt i din bt k lun bng 7. (Xem hnh v)
1 3 6 3
3

2
2

3 4 6 1

4 1 6 2

1 6 4

Cho php ln con sc sc sang mt trong 4 k cnh. Sau mi php ln nh vy, mt trn ca sc sc s tr thnh mt bn tng ng vi hng di chuyn v mt bn theo hng di chuyn s tr thnh mt y. Mt php ln c gi l hp l nu n lun m bo s ghi sc sc ang ng v s ghi mt y ca sc sc bng nhau. Nh v d trn, ta c th ln ln trn, sang phi hay sang tri nhng khng th ln xung di.

Yu cu: Hy ch ra mt s hu hn cc php ln hp l ln con sc sc ra mt bin ca li, nu c nhiu phng n thc hin th ch ra phng n m tng cc s ghi mt trn ca sc sc sau mi bc di chuyn l cc tiu. D liu: Vo t file vn bn ROLL.INP Dng 1: Cha 4 s m, n, x, y (1 < x < m 80; 1 < y < n 80) m dng tip theo, dng th i cha n s m s th j l s ghi ti (i, j) ca li Cc s trn mt dng ca Input File cch nhau t nht mt du cch. D liu vo lun ng n tn ti gii php thc hin Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn ROLL.OUT Gm mt dng cha dy lin tip cc k t, k t th k c th l L, R, U hoc D tng ng vi php ln ti bc th k l ln sang tri, ln sang phi, ln ln trn hay ln xung di. V d
ROLL.INP 9 6 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 1 4 6 6 6 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 ROLL.OUT URDDLULL 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0

Gii hn: 300KB, 1 giy/1 test 133

124. V S
Mt VIP n c n v s. V s th i c th bo v cho VIP t thi im Li n ht thi im Ri. Hi VIP cn t nht bao nhiu v s trong khong thi gian t a ti b, VIP lun c t nht k v s bn mnh.

D liu: Vo t file vn bn VIP.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s n, k n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi hai s Li v Ri Cc s trn mt dng ca Input file cch nhau t nht mt du cch Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn VIP.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s P l s v s cn gi P dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s mt v s cn gi Rng buc: 1 n 100000; cc s cn li l s t nhin 10000

134

125. GIAO LU
Cuc thi giao lu "Tt Ta Tin (TTT)" gia hai i SP v TH c n bi ton tin hc, mi i c n hc sinh tham d. Cc bi ton c nh s t 1 n n v cc hc sinh ca mi i cng c nh s t 1 ti n. Hc sinh ca hai i u l nhng lp trnh vin xut sc, tuy nhin mi hc sinh c th gii quyt nhng bi ton thuc s trng ca mnh hiu qu hn nhng bi khc.

Hy gip thy My t chc cuc thi theo th thc sau: Chn ng n cp u, mi cp gm 01 hc sinh SP v 01 hc sinh TH lm 01 bi ton trong s nhng bi ton ny. Bi ton no cng c mang ra thi Hc sinh no cng c tham gia Bi ton cho cp u bt k phi thuc s trng ca c hai th sinh trong cp Khng chm li, cm " ", ng khng qu 1 giy.
Bit rng lun tn ti phng n thc hin yu cu trn

D liu: Vo t file vn bn OLYMPIC.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m (1 n m 255) n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi danh sch cc bi ton thuc s trng ca hc sinh SP th i. n dng tip theo, dng th j ghi danh sch cc bi ton thuc s trng ca hc sinh TH th j. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn OLYMPIC.OUT Gm n dng, dng th k ghi s hiu th sinh SP v s hiu th sinh TH trong cp u bng bi ton k. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d: ( Do s sut , xin mi chuyn sang bi 126 vi ni dung , bi tng t , Khi Test cng vy ).

135

126. GIAO LU
Cuc thi giao lu "Tt Ta Tin (TTT)" gia hai i SP v TH c m bi ton tin hc, mi i c n hc sinh tham d. Cc bi ton c nh s t 1 n m v cc hc sinh ca mi i c nh s t 1 ti n. Hc sinh ca hai i u l nhng lp trnh vin xut sc, tuy nhin mi hc sinh c th gii quyt nhng bi ton thuc s trng ca mnh hiu qu hn nhng bi khc.

Hy gip thy My t chc cuc thi theo th thc sau: Chn ng n cp u, mi cp gm 01 hc sinh SP v 01 hc sinh TH lm 01 bi ton trong s nhng bi ton ny. C ng n bi ton c mang ra thi Hc sinh no cng c tham gia Bi ton cho cp u bt k phi thuc s trng ca c hai th sinh trong cp Khng chm li, cm " ", ng khng qu 5 giy.
Bit rng lun tn ti phng n thc hin yu cu trn

D liu: Vo t file vn bn OLYMPIC.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m (1 n m 255) n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi danh sch cc bi ton thuc s trng ca hc sinh SP th i. n dng tip theo, dng th j ghi danh sch cc bi ton thuc s trng ca hc sinh TH th j. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn OLYMPIC.OUT Gm m dng, dng th k ghi s hiu th sinh SP v s hiu th sinh TH trong cp u bng bi ton k, nu bi ton k khng c mang ra thi th ghi vo dng ny hai s 0 Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch. Nng cao 1 : Yu cu tng ng nhng gim b nh xung cn 100 KB, time limit 2 giy/test. Nng cao 2 : Yu cu tng ng nhng tng kch thc b nh l 255 KB ; n , m <= 450. time limit 10 giy / test. Nng cao 3 : Yu cu tng ng nhng tng kch thc b nh l 300 KB , n , m <= 700. time limit 30 giy / test. Nng cao 4 : Yu cu tng ng Nng cao 3 nhng gim time limit xung cn 20 giy/test. V d:
OLYMPIC.INP 4 6 3 6 1 2 2 4 5 6 3 5 6 4 1 2 6 OLYMPIC.OUT 2 4 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 2 1 1

136

127. I DI N
Trn trc s cho n on ng, on th i l [Li, Ri]. (1 n 100000, Cc Li v Ri l s nguyn, -30000 Li < Ri 30000)

Hy ch ra tp t nht cc im nguyn phn bit trn trc s tho mn: Mi on trong s n on k trn phi cha ti thiu 2 im trong tp ny. D liu: Vo t file vn bn PTS.INP Dng 1: Cha s n n dng tip theo, dng th i cha hai s Li v Ri Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn PTS.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s P l s im c chn Dng 2: Ghi cc to (trn trc s) ca P im c chn Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d
PTS.INP 3 6 10 1 6 4 9 PTS.OUT 3 4 6 9

137

128. H I CH
Bn hi ch l mt hnh ch nht c chia thnh li vung n v kch thc mxn. Mi tng trng cho mt gian hng. n thm gian hng (i, j) th phi tr mt s tin l aij. Quy c rng nu aij = 0 th (i, j) l gian hng khuyn mi. Khi n gian hng khuyn mi, khch hng khng nhng khng phi tr mt khon ph no m cn c th thc hin tip k bc di chuyn khng mt tin ngay sau . Nhng ca vo hi ch c t nhng gian hng nm trn bin tri; cn nhng li ra ca hi ch c t nhng gian hng nm trn bin phi. T mt gian hng bt k c th i sang mt trong nhng gian hng chung cnh vi gian hng bng mt bc di chuyn.

Yu cu: Hy tm mt ng i thm hi ch (t mt ca vo ti mt li ra) sao cho tng s tin phi tr l t nht. Rng buc: 1 m 200; 2 n 200; 1 k 20; cc s aij l nhng s t nhin khng qu 10000; D liu: Vo t file vn bn FAIR.INP Dng 1: Cha ba s m, n, k m dng tip theo, dng th i cha n s, s th j l aij. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn FAIR.OUT Dng 1: Ghi tng s tin phi tr. Cc dng tip theo mi dng ghi ch s hng v ch s ct ca mt trn ng i. Th t cc c lit k trn nhng dng ny phi theo ng th t trn hnh trnh: Bt u t mt ca vo, kt thc l mt li ra. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch V d:
FAIR.INP 6 7 2 1 5 1 1 1 1 17 4 0 7 7 7 1 12 9 9 2 2 1 1 10 9 10 10 10 1 10 10 9 10 10 10 1 2 3 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 FAIR.OUT 14 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 3 4 3 5 4 5 5 5 5 6 5 7

138

129. L CH H C
Chng trnh hc ca mt trng i hc c n mn nh s t 1 ti n, mi mn phi hc trong ng mt hc k v c mt s mn bt buc phi hc sau mt s mn khc. Chng trnh o to c cho hp l sinh vin c th hon thnh ht tt c cc mn hc.

Yu cu: Hy lp mt lch hc sinh vin c th hon thnh ht tt c cc mn mt cch nhanh nht. Nu c nhiu phng n xp lch tho mn iu trn th ch ra phng n m s mn xp trong hc k hc nhiu mn nht l t nht.
Cc hc k c nh s t 1 theo trnh t thi gian.

D liu: Vo t file vn bn SCHEDULE.INP Dng 1: Cha s n (1 n 200) n dng tip theo, dng th i cha danh sch cc mn phi hc trc mn i, ghi thm mt k hiu kt thc l s 0. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input File cch nhau t nht mt du cch. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SCHEDULE.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s hc k t nht hon thnh tt c cc mn v s mn hc nhiu nht trong mt hc k. n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi s hiu hc k hc mn i V d:
SCHEDULE.INP 7 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 3 4 0 5 0 4 5 0 SCHEDULE.OUT 4 2 1 1 2 2 3 4 4

139

130. M LIN HON

Mi trn bn c tng qut kch thc nxn c m ho bng cc k hiu sau: ".": t do "#": cm "$": t do c mt qun m ang ng "@": t do tng ng vi mt v tr tp kt i hnh cc qun m c gi l "lin hon" nu chng to thnh mt min lin thng theo quan h m giao chn. Mt lnh hnh qun l mt php di chuyn i hnh cc qun m tho mn: Mi qun m c th ng yn hoc thc hin ng mt nc i theo lut c Sau lnh hnh qun: Cc qun m ch nm trn cc t do Mi cha khng qu mt qun m Ton i hnh cc qun m phi lin hon.

Yu cu: Hy tm mt s hu hn cc lnh hnh qun chuyn i hnh cc qun m v cc @ ! Cng t lnh bao nhiu cng tt ! D liu: Vo t file vn bn KMOVE.INP Dng 1: Cha s n n dng tip theo, dng th i cha n k t, k t th j l k hiu tng ng vi (i, j) Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn KMOVE.OUT Gm mt s dng, mi dng ghi mt lnh hnh qun: gm cc b 4 s x1, y1, x2, y2 tng trng cho nc i ca mt qun m t (x1, y1) n (x2, y2) Cc s trn mt dng ca Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch Rng buc: Trng thi ban u ca bn c c cho lun tn ti phng n thc hin yu cu trn. 2 n 100; 1 S $ = S @ 100; Tp cc $ cng nh tp cc @ u l i hnh m lin hon. V d:
KMOVE.INP 6 ...... $..@#. ..$... $..#@# #....# #..@## KMOVE.OUT 3 3 4 5 4 1 3 3 4 5 6 4 3 3 4 5 4 5 2 4 3 3 4 5 2 1 3 3

140

131. TUY N NHN CNG

C n cng vic cn thc hin v r loi th. Th loi i c th khng lm c vic j hoc lm c vi chi ph l cij.

Gi s c sn m th hy tm cch tuyn thm mt s t nht th giao cho mi th lm mt vic sao cho c th hon thnh c tt c cc cng vic. Nu c nhiu cch tuyn tho mn yu cu trn th ch ra cch tuyn c tng chi ph thc hin cc cng vic (trn php phn cng ti u) l cc tiu. D liu: Vo t file vn bn ASSIGN.INP Dng 1: Cha ba s m, n, r (1 m, n, r 400) Dng 2: Cha m s, s th k l loi ca th th k trong m th c Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ba s i, j, cj cho bit loi th i c th lm c vic j vi chi ph cij (0 cij 10000) Cc s trn mt dng ca Input file cch nhau t nht mt du cch Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn ASSIGN.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s th cn thm v chi ph php phn cng ti thiu n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi loi th c giao thc hin vic i Rng buc: Mi vic c t nht mt loi th c th thc hin V d:
ASSIGN.INP 10 4 6 1 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 10 1 2 10 1 3 10 3 1 10 3 2 10 3 3 10 2 2 9 2 1 8 4 2 6 4 3 5 6 4 0 ASSIGN.OUT 2 25 1 3 4 6 ASSIGN.INP 1 2 3 1 1 1 10 1 2 30 3 1 1 3 2 25 2 2 40 ASSIGN.OUT 1 31 3 1

141

132. NG TRN
Trn mt phng vi h trc to Decattes vung gc cho n im xanh v n im hon ton phn bit. To cc im ny l s nguyn c gi tr tuyt i 10000.

Hy ch ra mt hnh trn nh nht tho mn: C tm gc to (0, 0) Bn trong hnh trn (tnh c ng bin), s im xanh = s im 1 D liu: Vo t file vn bn CIRCLE.INP Dng 1: Cha s nguyn dng n (n 5000) n dng tip theo, mi dng cha honh v tung ca mt im xanh n dng tip theo, mi dng cha honh v tung ca mt im Cc s trn mt dng ca Input file cch nhau t nht mt du cch Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CIRCLE.OUT Ch gm mt dng ghi bn knh ng trn tm c (Ghi di dng s thc vi 6 ch s sau du chm thp phn)
CIRCLE.INP 4 2 0 0 3 0 -3 4 -4 1 1 0 2 -3 0 -3 3 CIRCLE.OUT 3.000000

142

133. O N 0
Cho dy s nguyn a = (a1, a2, ..., an), 1 n 10000; i: -10000 ai 10000 Hy tm mt on di nht gm cc phn t lin tip trong dy a: aL, aL+1, ..., aH c tng bng 0

D liu: Vo t file vn bn SZERO.INP Dng 1: Cha s n Dng 2: Cha n s a1, a2, ..., an theo ng th t cch nhau t nht mt du cch Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SZERO.OUT Ch gm mt dng ghi hai s L v H cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
SZERO.INP 9 2 7 5 -3 -2 4 -9 -2 -1 SZERO.OUT 2 8

D liu vo lun c cho hp l tn ti mt on cc phn t lin tip trong dy a c tng bng 0.

143

134. H C B NG
Cho mt danh sch n hc sinh (1 n 200), mi hc sinh c: Tn: L mt xu k t di khng qu 25 (hai hc sinh khc nhau c tn khc nhau) im: L s thc

Cn chn nhng hc sinh c im cao nht trong danh sch trao hc bng, hy cho bit tn nhng hc sinh . D liu: Vo t file vn bn SCHOLAR.INP Dng u tin: Cha s n Trong n cp dng tip theo, mi cp gm 2 dng lin tip cha thng tin v mt hc sinh Dng 1: Ghi tn Dng 2: Ghi im Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SCHOLAR.OUT Gm mt s dng, mi dng ghi tn mt hc sinh c hc bng.
SCHOLAR.INP 4 A 7.9 B 9.0 C 8.1 D 9.0 SCHOLAR.OUT B D

144

135. O N DNG
Cho dy s nguyn a = (a1, a2, ..., an), 1 n 60000; i: -10000 ai 10000 Hy tm mt on di nht gm cc phn t lin tip trong dy a: aL, aL+1, ..., aH c tng dng

D liu: Vo t file vn bn SEGMENT.INP Dng 1: Cha s n Dng 2: Cha n s a1, a2, ..., an theo ng th t cch nhau t nht mt du cch Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn SEGMENT.OUT Ch gm mt dng ghi hai s L v H cch nhau t nht mt du cch. Rng buc: C t nht mt phn t dng trong a Ch : + Vi n <= 60000 , chng trnh chy bng TPX + Vi n <= 40000 , chng trnh chy bng Turbo Pascal. V d:
SEGMENT.INP 10 -5 -2 -3 4 -6 7 -8 9 -1 -20 SEGMENT.OUT 3 9

145

136. TN HI U GIAO THNG

Bn mt thnh ph c: m ng ph (hai chiu) song song chy thng theo hng Tyng, tin, ta gi cc ng ph l H1, H2,..., Hm theo th t t Bc xung Nam. n ng ph (hai chiu) song song chy thng theo hng BcNam, ta gi cc ng ph l V1, V2, ..., Vn theo th t t Ty sang ng Hai ng ph vung gc bt k ct nhau to thnh mt nt giao thng. Ngoi tr hai nt giao thng nm v tr gc ng-Nam v gc Ty-Bc, nhng nt giao thng khc c th gn n tn hiu giao thng hai trng thi: 2. Trng thi EW: Xanh hng ng v Ty, hng Bc v Nam. 3. Trng thi NS: Xanh hng Bc v Nam, hng ng v Ty. Mi n tn hiu c mt chu k thi gian ring, c sau mi chu k thi gian , n i trng thi mt ln. Ti thi im 0, cc n tn hiu u trng thi 0 (EW). gi an ton, lut giao thng quy nh: Khi xe ti mt nt giao thng t mt hng no ng vo thi im n tn hiu theo hng ang hay chuyn sang th buc phi dng li, ng vo thi im n tn hiu theo hng ang Xanh hay chuyn sang Xanh th c th i thng, r phi hay r tri tu . Trn mt ng ph, thi gian xe i gia hai nt giao thng lin tip c nh l C n v thi gian.

Yu cu: Bit s giao thng v cc n tn hiu, c hai xe xut pht cng thi im S, xe th nht xut pht ti gc Ty-Bc, xe th hai xut pht ti gc ng-Nam v hn cng ti mt nt giao thng no . Hy tm im hn v hnh trnh hai xe gp nhau sm nht c th (Xe n trc c th ch xe n sau ti im hn) D liu: Vo t file vn bn TRAFFIC.INP Dng 1: Cha bn s t nhin m, n, C, S (1 m, n, C 100; 0 S 10000) m dng tip theo, dng th i cha n s t nhin 100, s th j l chu k ca n tn hiu nm giao im ca ng Hi v Vj. (Quy c rng chu k bng 0 tng ng vi mt nt giao thng khng c n tn hiu) Cc s trn mt dng ca Input File c ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. Kt qu: Ghi thi im hn v hnh trnh ca hai xe ra file vn bn TRAFFIC.OUT: Dng 1: Ghi thi im hn Dng 2: Ghi mt dy k t, k t th p {E, W, S, N} cho bit hng i t nt giao thng th p n nt giao thng th p + 1 trn hnh trnh ca xe th nht l ng, Ty, Nam hay Bc (theo ng th t ) Dng 3: Ghi mt dy k t, k t th q {E, W, S, N} cho bit hng i t nt giao thng th q n nt giao thng th q + 1 trn hnh trnh ca xe th hai. V d:
TRAFFIC.INP 3 4 99 0 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 0 3 1 2 0 TRAFFIC.OUT 297 SEE WN TRAFFIC.INP 3 3 99 2 0 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 0 TRAFFIC.OUT 201 EE NN
W S

146

137. PH
Cho mt th v hng G = (V, E) c n nh v m cnh, khng c nh c lp

Hy chn ra mt tp t nht cc cnh tt c cc nh ca th u l u mt ca t nht mt cnh trong tp chn ! D liu: Vo t file vn bn COVER.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m l s nh v s cnh ca th (1 n 100) m dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai s u, v tng ng vi mt cnh (u, v) ca th Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn COVER.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s k l s cnh c chn k dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s hai nh u mt ca mt cnh c chn Ch thch nho nh : Bi ny s dng kin thc khng ph bin ! Bi vy khng c g l kh hiu nu nh bn khng lm c ! V d:
COVER.INP 10 11 1 2 6 1 2 4 2 8 3 4 3 6 5 6 5 9 5 10 7 8 9 7 COVER.OUT 5 6 1 2 8 3 4 5 10 9 7

147

138. DI CHUY N R-B T

Cho mt th c hng G gm n nh v m cung, hai con R-bt ng ti hai nh no . Yu cu: Chuyn nhanh nht hai con R-bt n gp nhau ti mt nh ca th, bit rng c hai con R-bt ch c chy theo cc cung nh hng v khng c dng li cho ti lc gp nhau ti mt nh no . Thi gian R-bt i qua mt cung bt k lun l 1 n v thi gian

D liu: Vo t file vn bn RMOVE.INP Dng 1: cha 4 s nguyn dng n, m, A, B. y A v B ln lt l v tr ca con r-bt th nht v v tr ca con r-bt th hai, 2 n 250, 1 m 60000. m dng tip theo, mi dng cha hai s u, v tng ng vi mt cung (u, v) ca th Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn RMOVE.OUT Dng 1: Ghi thi gian tnh t lc bt u di chuyn cho ti lc hai r-bt gp nhau Dng 2: Ghi hnh trnh ca con r-bt th nht, theo ng th t t nh A ti nh gp nhau Dng 3: Ghi hnh trnh ca con r-bt th hai, theo ng th t t nh B ti nh gp nhau Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch Rng buc: Lun c phng n thc hin yu cu trn Gii hn : Chng trnh chy trn Turbo Pascal. V d:
RMOVE.INP 4 5 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 4 3 2 4 3 RMOVE.OUT 3 1 2 1 2 2 4 3 2
1

3 4

148

139. TR M NGH
Mt ton k s b nga i thm him mt khu rng v n khi tri ti, h mun i v nhng trm ngh. Rt may l cc k s u c bn khu rng trong tay, nh c th xc nh chnh xc v tr ca h, cc trm ngh, cc khu vc c th d v tt nhin c v tr ca cc con nga (ni h b li). Mi k s s phi chn cho mnh mt con nga, mt trm ngh v dng ci siu m gi con nga v trm ngh chn. Mi trm ngh ch ch cho mt k s v mt con nga. Gi s rng c m trm ngh, n k s, n con nga v bn l mt trong s nhng k s . Hy vch ra hnh trnh cho cc k s v cc con nga thi gian tnh t lc bt u cho ti khi tt c cc con nga v cc k s v ti trm ngh tng ng l nh nht. Bn khu rng c m ho bng mt li vung n v kch thc pxq. Trn mi ghi mt trong 5 k hiu: "%": a im c th d ".": a im an ton (khng c th d) "&": a im an ton c mt con nga ang ng "*": a im an ton c mt k s ang ng "@": Trm ngh Vi 1 n v thi gian, mi k s v mi con nga c th thc hin mt bc i. Nhn trn bn , mi bc i ca mt k s l mt php di chuyn t ang ng sang mt trong cc k cnh, bc i ny c m ho bng mt trong 4 k hiu {E, W, S, N}. Mi bc i ca mt con nga l mt php di chuyn nh mt nc i ca qun m theo lut c, bc i ny c m ho bng mt trong 8 k hiu {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}. Cc k s cng nh cc con nga khng c i ti c th d hay i ra ngoi bn . Cc k hiu tng ng vi cc hng i c ch ra trong hnh di y: 6 N W * E S 5 & 4 3 2 1 7 8

D liu: Vo t file vn bn HORSEMAN.INP Dng u tin: Cha hai s p, q cch nhau 1 du cch p dng tip theo, dng th i cha q k t, k t th j l k hiu ghi trn (i, j) ca bn Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn HORSEMAN.OUT Dng u tin: Ghi thi gian nhanh nht tt c cc k s v cc con nga v ti trm ngh tng ng 2n dng tip theo, c hai dng ghi hnh trnh ca mt k s: Dng 1: Ghi hai s x, y cch nhau mt du cch l v tr (x, y) ca mt k s Dng 2: Ghi mt dy k t tng trng cho mt dy cc bc i ca k s t (x, y) theo ng th t ny n mt trm ngh. 2n dng tip theo, c hai dng ghi hnh trnh ca mt con nga: Dng 1: Ghi hai s u, v cch nhau mt du cch l v tr (u, v) ca mt con nga Dng 2: Ghi mt dy k t tng trng cho mt dy cc bc i ca con nga t (u, v) theo ng th t ny n mt trm ngh. Rng buc: 5 p, q 100 1 n = s "&" = s "*" 100 n m = s "@" 100 Lun lun c phng n thc hin yu cu ca bi
149

V d: ( Kt qu file Output ny sai ! ) p n ti u phi l 3 mi ng !

HORSEMAN.INP 5 6 .&&.*. .%%... @@.@.@ &..... *...*. HORSEMAN.OUT 4 1 5 SSW 5 1 NN 5 5 NNE 1 2 3 1 3 2 4 1 1727

150

140. CHIA CN B NG
Xt th v hng lin thng G = (V, E) c n nh v m cnh, cc nh c nh s t 1 ti n

Hy b i mt s t nht cc cnh ca th sao cho: 1. th cn li c ng 2 thnh phn lin thng 2. nh 1 v nh n khng thuc cng mt thnh phn lin thng 3. Trong cc phng n tho mn c hai iu kin trn, hy ch ra phng n m chnh lch v s nh gia hai thnh phn lin thng l nh nht D liu: Vo t file vn bn BALANCE.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m (2 n 300) m dng tip theo, mi dng cha hai s u, v tng ng vi mt cnh (u, v) ca th Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn BALANCE.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s cnh c b (k) k dng tip theo, mi dng ghi hai nh tng ng vi mt cnh c b V d: BALANCE.INP BALANCE.OUT

151

141. LN XC X C
Cho mt li vung n v kch thc mxn, trn mi ghi mt s t nhin 7. C mt con sc sc (hnh lp phng cnh 1 n v) nm ti mt (x, y) mang s 7. Cc mt con sc sc c ghi cc s nguyn dng t 1 n 6: mt trn mang s 1, mt bn hng v mp trn ca li mang s 2, mt bn hng v mp tri ca li mang s 3, tng hai s ghi trn hai mt i din bt k lun bng 7. (Xem hnh v)
1 3 6 3
3

2
2

3 4 6 1

4 1 6 2

1 6 4

Cho php ln con sc sc sang mt trong 4 k cnh. Sau mi php ln nh vy, mt trn ca sc sc s tr thnh mt bn tng ng vi hng di chuyn v mt bn theo hng di chuyn s tr thnh mt y. Mt php ln c gi l hp l nu n lun m bo s ghi sc sc ang ng hoc bng 7, hoc bng vi s ghi mt y ca sc sc. Nh v d trn, ta c th ln ln trn, sang phi hay sang tri nhng khng th ln xung di.

Yu cu: Hy ch ra mt s hu hn cc php ln hp l ln con sc sc ra mt bin ca li, nu c nhiu phng n thc hin th ch ra phng n m tng cc s ghi mt trn ca sc sc sau mi bc di chuyn l cc tiu. D liu: Vo t file vn bn ROLL.INP Dng 1: Cha 4 s m, n, x, y (1 < x < m 300; 1 < y < n 300) m dng tip theo, dng th i cha n s m s th j l s ghi ti (i, j) ca li Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn ROLL.OUT Gm mt dng cha dy lin tip cc k t, k t th k c th l L, R, U hoc D tng ng vi php ln ti bc th k l ln sang tri, ln sang phi, ln ln trn hay ln xung di. V d
ROLL.INP 9 6 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 1 4 7 6 6 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 ROLL.OUT URDDLULL 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0

152

142. CHUY N HNG

Bn mt kho hng hnh ch nht kch thc mxn c chia thnh cc vung n v (m hng, n ct: cc hng nh s t trn xung di, cc ct nh s t tri qua phi). Trn cc ca bn c mt s k hiu: Cc k hiu # nh du cc c mt kin hng xp sn, Mt k hiu *: nh du ang c mt r bt Mt k hiu $: nh du cha kin hng cn xp Mt k hiu @: nh du v tr m cn phi xp kin hng B vo Cc k hiu du chm ".": Cho bit trng Ti mt thi im, r bt c th thc hin mt trong 6 ng tc k hiu l: L, R, U, D: Tng ng vi php di chuyn ca r bt trn bn : sang tri, sang phi, ln trn, xung di. Thc hin mt php di chuyn mt 1 cng +, -: Ch c thc hin khi r bt ng bn cnh kin hng $. Khi thc hin thao tc +, r bt ng yn v Ny kin hng $ lm kin hng ny trt theo hng Ny, n khi chm mt kin hng khc hoc tng nh kho th dng li. Khi thc hin thao tc -, r bt ko kin hng $ v pha mnh v li li 1 theo hng ko. Thc hin thao tc Ny hoc ko mt C cng Lut: R bt ch c di chuyn vo khng cha hng ca kho.

Hy tm cch hng dn r bt thc hin cc thao tc a kin hng $ v v tr @ sao cho s cng phi dng l t nht D liu: Vo t file vn bn CARGO.INP Dng 1: Ghi ba s nguyn dng m, n, C (m, n 100; c 100) m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n k hiu trn hng th i ca bn theo ng th t t tri qua phi. Cc k hiu c ghi lin nhau Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn CARGO.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s cng cn thc hin Dng 2: Mt dy lin tip cc k t {L, R, U, D, +, -} th hin dy cc ng tc cn thc hin ca R bt Rng buc: Lun c phng n thc hin yu cu bi V d:
CARGO.INP 6 8 3 ###..### *$....## ####.### ####..## #@....## ######## CARGO.OUT 23 +RRRR-UR+DDDRD+ CARGO.INP 10 10 2 .........# .####.#.## *$.......# #######.## #######... #######.#. #@........ #######.## ########## ########## CARGO.OUT 34 +RRRRRRR-LUURRD+DDDDD-URRDDL+

153

143. GHT NHAU NM ...

Liz v Lilly tng l nhng ngi bn rt thn, nhng h ci ln v quyt nh chia tay nhau. "Ti khng mun nhn thy bn na, ti s t nhng tng u nu ti c i u t nh, ti cng khng bao gi phi nhn thy ci bn mt ca bn" - C hai u ni. L&L cng sng trong mt ngi lng nh c chia thnh li vung nxn. Nh ca Liz (1, 1) v nh Lilly (n, n). Mi ca li mang mt trong 3 k hiu: ".": Vng t (Land) "X": H (Lake) "*": Tng (Rock) Mi ngi c th di chuyn t mt sang k cnh nu l vng t, v khi ng mt (x, y), h c th nhn thy (x', y') nu: (x', y') l cng hng hoc cng ct vi (x, y) Khong cch t (x, y) n (x', y') khng qu k Khng c tng no chn tm mt C hai u l k li bing, v vy h ch mun t thm mt s t nht cc tng . ng thi, cc tng phi t cch nh ca mi ngi mt khong cch ti thiu l m. Lu : Khong cch gia hai (x1, y1) v (x2, y2) quy c l x1 - x2 + y1 - y2

Hy ch ra cch t cc tng tho mn yu cu ca c hai ngi D liu: Vo t file vn bn FAREWELL.INP Dng 1: Cha 3 s n, k, m (5 n 20; 1 k, m n) cch nhau ng 1 du cch n dng tip theo, dng th i cha n k t lin tip m k t th j l k hiu (i, j) ca li Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn FAREWELL.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s tng phi t, trong trng hp khng c phng n th dng ny ghi s -1 Trong trng hp c phng n kh thi th n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n k t lin tip m k t th j l k hiu (i, j) ca li sau khi t . Lu rng ta vn dng k hiu * cho nhng tng c v dng k hiu "#" cho nhng tng t thm V d
FAREWELL.INP 7 4 4 ....... ......* ....*X. **.*.X. ...*... .XX..*. ....... FAREWELL.OUT 2 ....... .....#* ....*X. **#*.X. ...*... .XX..*. ....... FAREWELL.INP 8 7 3 ........ .XXXXXX. .X....X. .X....X. .X....X. .X....X. .XXXXXX. ........ FAREWELL.OUT 4 ...#.... .XXXXXX. .X....X. #X....X. .X....X# .X....X. .XXXXXX. ....#...

154

144. N I DY
Xt hnh ch nht R trong h trc to Decattes vung gc c cc nh l (0, 0); (m, 0); (m, n) v (0, n). Ta gi mt on ni l mt on thng nm trong R, di 1 n v m cc to ca hai u mt l s nguyn (d thy on ni ch c mt trong hai dng: (x, y)-(x+1, y) hoc (x, y)-(x, y+1). Ban u c mt vi on ni c v sn trong R. C hai ngi chi, mi ngi khi n lt mnh c quyn v ra mt on ni, nu on ny cng vi cc on ni v khp kn thm c mt vung n v no th ngi chi s c chim cc (1 hoc 2) vung ny v phi tip tc cc thao tc nh trn cho ti khi : Hoc tt c cc on ni c v tr chi kt thc Hoc vn cn on ni cha v nhng bc ni cui cng khng chim c thm vung n v no, tr chi s c tip tc vi ngi kia bng lut chi tng t Gi s chng trnh ca bn tham gia tr chi vi vai tr ngi i trc, ngi kia l mt chng trnh khc. Hy lp trnh th hin chin thut chi sao cho ti khi tr chi kt thc, s chng trnh ca bn chim c l nhiu nht c th.

D liu: Vo t file vn bn CELLS.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s m, n (1 m, n 100) Cc dng tip, mi dng ghi 4 s x1, y1, x2, y2 th hin mt on ni v sn: (x1, y1)-(x2, y2) Kt qu mi lt i ca bn phi ghi vo file vn bn PLAYER1.DAT gm mt s dng, dng th i ghi 4 s x1(i), y1(i), x2(i), y2(i) tng trng cho on ni (x1(i), y1(i)) - (x2(i), y2(i)) l on ni th i trong lt i. Chng trnh ca bn phi khai bo s dng th vin CELLS.TPU, sau mi lt i, khi to file PLAYER1.DAT, bn phi gi th tc InterChange ca th vin ny nhn c file vn bn PLAYER2.DAT c khun dng nh PLAYER1.DAT cha cc thng tin v lt i ca my tip theo lt i ca bn. Lu rng trong bt k trng hp no tr chi kt thc (sau lt i ca bn hay ca my), th tc InterChange cng s dng chng trnh tc khc thng k s chim c ca hai bn.
X X X X O O start CELLS.INP 3 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 0 2 0 3 0 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 0 3 1 3 1 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 Player 1 PLAYER1.DAT 1 2 1 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 2 1 3 1 O X X O O

player 2 PLAYER2.DAT 3 1 3 2 2 0 2 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 2

Player I

3 -5

Player II 155

145. MY LAST INVENTION

"I'm not ashamed to confess that I'm ignorant of what I don't know" Cicero 2 IOI 3003 din ra trong n + 1 ngy, cc bi ton ca IOI c nh s t 1 ti n +n v c phn b vo cc ngy thi theo lch sau (mi ngy thi c n bi ton): Ngy 1: Cc bi ton t 1 ti n Ngy 2: Cc bi ton t n + 1 ti 2n ... Ngy i: Cc bi ton t (i - 1).n + 1 ti i.n ... Ngy n+1: Cc bi ton t n2 + 1 ti n2+n Cc bi thi c mt trong k dng, bi th j c dng l rj (1 rj k) Th thc thi c thng bo cho mi on nh sau: Mi on s c n + 1 hc sinh tham gia Hng ngy, Ban t chc s a mt hc sinh ca on i tham quan thnh ph, vic chn hc sinh no cho i tham quan l quyn ca trng on, nhng phi m bo iu kin: Cho n khi IOI kt thc, hc sinh no ca on cng c i tham quan thnh ph. Nh vy mi ngy on s cn li n hc sinh tham gia thi, vic giao cho hc sinh no lm bi no l quyn ca ph on nhng mi hc sinh ch c giao mt bi v hai hc sinh khc nhau s phi nhn hai bi khc nhau. Kt thc IOI, im ng i ca mi on s c tnh bng tng im ca tt c cc li gii cc bi ton cho. Cc thy gio trng, ph on Vit Nam d on rng nu hc sinh th i ca on lm bi ton dng j th c th thu c s im l cij (cij = 0 tng ng vi li d on rng hc sinh th i khng lm c bi ton dng j). Hi cc thy s sp xp lch thi u cho cc hc sinh nh th no theo d on, on Vit Nam s thu c s im nhiu nht c th. D liu: Nhp t thit b nhp chuNn (input) Dng 1: Cha hai s n, k (1 n 100; 1 k 1000) Dng 2: Cha n2+n s, s th p l rp. Cc dng tip, mi dng cha ba s nguyn dng i,j,p cho bit mt iu d on ca cc thy: hc sinh th i c th lm c bi ton dng j v t c s im l p(=c[i, j]). (1p100). Kt qu: Ghi ra thit b xut chuNn (output) Dng 1: Ghi im ng i m theo d on on Vit Nam c th t Tip theo l n2 + n dng, dng th i ghi s hiu hc sinh Vit Nam c giao lm bi th i. Ch thch : Chng trnh ch y = FreePascal ! Time limit khng qu 10 giy ! Khng gi i h n b nh ! Thch dng bao nhiu th dng ! V d:
input 3 4 1 2 4 4 3 3 1 4 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 4 6 2 3 4 2 1 3 2 4 7 3 2 1 3 1 4 4 1 2 4 3 9 4 2 8 output 65 3 4 2 1 2 4 3 2 1 4 1 3

156

I hope and expect that you will have much success in IOI 2002

157

146. CY KHUNG NH

NH T

Cho n th v hng lin thng G = (V, E) gm n nh v m cnh, cc nh c nh s t 1 ti n v cc cnh c nh s t 1 ti m. Hy tm cy khung nh nht ca th G.

D liu: Vo t file vn bn MST.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s n, m (1 n 10000; 1 m 15000) m dng tip theo, dng th i c dng ba s nguyn u, v, c. Trong (u, v) l ch s hai nh u mt ca cnh th i v c trng s ca cnh (1 u, v n; 0 c 10000). Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MST.OUT Dng 1: Ghi trng s cy khung nh nht n - 1 dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ch s mt cnh c chn vo cy khung nh nht V d:
MST.INP 6 9 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 4 1 2 3 2 2 5 1 3 5 1 3 6 1 4 5 2 5 6 2 MST.OUT 5 3 7 5 2 1

Gii hn thi gian: 1 giy

158

147. M NG MY TNH
Bn mt bng ca phng my tnh l mt hnh ch nht nm trong h trc to Decattes vung gc c cc nh l A(0, 0), B(m, 0), C(m, n) v D(0, n). Ti cc im to nguyn nm trong hnh ch nht ABCD c mt my tnh (nh vy c tt c (m + 1).(n+1) my tnh) . Mt dy cp mng l mt on cp ni di 1 n v, nh vy mi dy cp mng ch c th ni c hai my tnh lin nhau trn cng hng hoc cng ct. Ban u c sn mt s dy cp mng ni gia mt s cp my tnh Hai my u v v c th truyn tin cho nhau nu gia chng c ng truyn tin (u = x1, x2, x3, ..., xk = v) (Gia my xi v my xi+1 c dy cp mng ni chng) Hy ni thm mt s t nht cc dy cp mng sao cho hai my bt k trong phng my c th truyn tin c cho nhau.

D liu: Vo t file vn bn NET.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s m, n (1 m, n 100); Cc dng tip theo, mi dng cha thng tin v mt on cp c sn: gm 4 s x1, y1, x2, y2 th hiu cho cp mng ni hai my to (x1, y1) v (x2, y2). (|x1 - x2| + |y1-y2| = 1). Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn NET.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s cp mng cn ni thm (c) c dng tip theo, mi dng ghi 4 s u1, v1, u2, v2 cho bit cn thm cp ni gia hai my to (u1, v1) v (u2, v2) Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
NET.INP 2 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 0 3 1 3 NET.OUT 4 0 2 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 3
y 3 2 1 0 1 2 x

Gii hn thi gian: 1 giy

159

148. D Y N I U TNG DI NH T
Cho dy s nguyn dng a = (a1, a2, ..., an) (1 n 10000; 1 ai 10000) Hy tm dy ch s di nht i1, i2, ..., ik tho mn: 1 i1 < i2 < ... < ik n ai1 < ai2 < ... < aik D liu: Vo t file vn bn INCSEQ.INP Dng 1: Cha s n Dng 2: Cha n s a1, a2, ..., an Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn INCSEQ.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s k Dng 2: Ghi k s i1, i2, ..., ik Cc s trn mt dng ca Input/Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch

V d:
INCSEQ.INP 8 1 2 8 9 5 6 7 9 INCSEQ.OUT 6 1 2 5 6 7 8

Gii hn thi gian: 1 giy

160

149. LU NG C C I TRN M NG
Cho mt mng G = (V, E) l th c hng vi n im v m cung, 1 l im pht v n l im thu. T 1 ch c cung i ra v t n ch c cung i vo. Mi cung (u, v) ca mng c gn mt s nguyn dng c(u, v) l kh nng thng qua ca cung . Mt lung cc i trn mng l mt cch gn cho mi cung (u, v) mt s nguyn f(u, v) tho mn: i) f(u, v) c(u, v) ((u, v)E) ii) f (u , v) = f ( v, w ) (vV)
( u , v )E ( v , w )E

iii)Gi tr lung =

(1, u )E

f (1, u ) = f ( v, n ) l ln nht c th.

( v , n )E

Hy tm lung cc i trn mng G D liu: Vo t file vn bn MAXFLOW.INP Dng 1: Cha s nh n v s cung m ca th G (2 n 100) m dng tip theo, mi dng cha ba s u, v, c(u, v) th hin cho mt cung (u, v) v kh nng thng qua ca cung l c(u, v) Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MAXFLOW.OUT Dng 1: Ghi gi tr lung tm c Cc dng tip theo, mi dng cha ba s x, y, f(x, y) th hin (x, y) l mt cung v lung gn cho cung (x, y) l f(x, y) (Nhng cung no khng c lung (f(x, y) = 0) khng cn phi ghi vo Output file). Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file ghi cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
2 5 3 1 5 3 1 5 6 6 3 6 4 6

MAXFLOW.INP 6 8 1 2 5 1 3 5 2 4 6 2 5 3 3 4 3 3 5 1 4 6 6 5 6 6

MAXFLOW.OUT 9 1 2 5 1 3 4 2 4 3 2 5 2 3 4 3 3 5 1 4 6 6 5 6 3

161

150. B

GHP C C I

Cho th hai pha G = (XY, E); Cc nh ca X k hiu l x1, x2, ..., xm, cc nh ca Y k hiu l y1, y2, ..., yn. Mt b ghp trn G l mt tp cc cnh E i mt khng c nh chung.

Yu cu: Hy tm b ghp cc i (c nhiu cnh nht) trn G. D liu: Vo t file vn bn MATCH.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s m, n (1 m, n 300) Cc dng tip, mi dng cha hai s nguyn dng i, j cho bit thng tin v mt cnh (xi, yj)E. Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MATCH.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s cnh trong b ghp cc i tm c (K). K dng tip theo, mi dng ghi thng tin v mt cnh c chn vo b ghp cc i: Gm 2 s u, v th hin cho cnh ni (xu, yv). Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch. V d:
1 1

2 5

MATCH.INP 4 5 1 1 1 4 2 1 2 2 2 4 3 2 3 3 4 2 4 3

MATCH.OUT 4 1 1 2 4 3 3 4 2

4 X

4 Y

162

151. B

GHP Y TR NG S

C C TI U

Cho th hai pha G = (XY, E); Cc nh ca X k hiu l x1, x2, ..., xn, cc nh ca Y k hiu l y1, y2, ..., yn. Mi cnh ca G c gn mt trng s khng m. Mt b ghp y trn G l mt tp n cnh E i mt khng c nh chung. Trng s ca b ghp l tng trng s cc cnh nm trong b ghp. Yu cu: Hy tm b ghp y c trng s cc tiu ca G

D liu: Vo t file vn bn MATCH.INP Dng 1: Cha s n (1 n 200) Cc dng tip theo, mi dng cha 3 s nguyn i, j, c cho bit c mt cnh (xi, yj) v trng s cnh l c (0 c 200). Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn MATCH.OUT Dng 1: Ghi trng s b ghp tm c n dng tip, mi dng ghi hai s (u, v) tng trng cho mt cnh (xu, yv) c chn vo b ghp. Cc s trn mt dng ca Input / Output file cch nhau t nht mt du cch. Rng buc: Lun tn ti t nht mt b ghp y trn G. V d:
MATCH.INP 4 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 1 0 2 4 2 3 2 1 3 3 0 4 3 0 4 4 9 MATCH.OUT 3 1 1 2 4 3 2 4 3

163

152. TUY N NHN CNG

C n cng vic cn thc hin v r loi th. Th loi i c th khng lm c vic j hoc lm c vi chi ph l cij. Mt php phn cng l mt cch chn ra n th v giao cho mi th lm ng mt vic sao cho c th thc hin tt c n cng vic.

Gi s c sn m th hy tm cch tuyn thm mt s t nht th c th thc hin php phn cng. Nu c nhiu cch tuyn tho mn yu cu trn th ch ra cch tuyn c tng chi ph thc hin cc cng vic (trn php phn cng ti u) l cc tiu. D liu: Vo t file vn bn ASSIGN.INP Dng 1: Cha ba s m, n, r (1 m, n, r 300) Dng 2: Cha m s, s th k l loi ca th th k trong m th c Cc dng tip theo, mi dng ghi ba s i, j, cj cho bit loi th i c th lm c vic j vi chi ph cij (0 cij 10000) Cc s trn mt dng ca Input file cch nhau t nht mt du cch Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn ASSIGN.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s th cn thm v chi ph php phn cng ti u n dng tip theo, dng th i ghi loi th c giao thc hin vic i Rng buc: Mi vic c t nht mt loi th c th thc hin V d:
ASSIGN.INP 10 4 6 1 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 10 1 2 10 1 3 10 3 1 10 3 2 10 3 3 10 2 2 9 2 1 8 4 2 6 4 3 5 6 4 0 ASSIGN.OUT 2 25 1 3 4 6 ASSIGN.INP 1 2 3 1 1 1 10 1 2 30 3 1 1 3 2 25 2 2 40 ASSIGN.OUT 1 31 3 1

164

153. DN N
Cho mt bng vung kch thc mxn c chia thnh li vung n v, ti mi ca bng c mt trong cc k hiu: ".": trng "+": c cha mt n cha bt sng "*": c cha mt n bt sng Hai n bt sng bt k khng nm cng hng hoc cng ct.

Yu cu: Hy bt sng thm mt s nhiu nht cc n sao cho: s n sng trn mi hng cng nh trn mi ct ca bng ti a l 1. D liu: Vo t file vn bn GRID.INP Dng 1: Cha hai s m, n (1 m , n 200) cch nhau t nht mt du cch m dng tip theo, dng th i cha n k t lin tip, k t th j l k hiu (i, j) ca bng Kt qu: Ghi ra file vn bn GRID.OUT Dng 1: Ghi s n c th bt thm m dng tip theo, dng th i ghi n k t lin tip, k t th j l k hiu (i, j) ca bng sau khi bt sng thm cc n V d:
GRID.INP 4 5 +..*. ++.+. .++.. .++.. GRID.OUT 3 +..*. *+.+. .*+.. .+*..

165