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Cc v d minh h a
V d 1: un nng 13,875 gam m t ankyl clorua Y v i dung d ch NaOH d, axit ha dung d ch thu c b ng dung d ch HNO3, nh ti p vo dung d ch AgNO3 th y t o thnh 21,525 gam k t t a. CTPT c a Y l : A. C2H5Cl. B. C3H7Cl. C. C4H9Cl. D. C5H11Cl. H ng d t cng th c c a Y l RCl, phng trnh ph n RCl + NaOH ROH + NaCl mol: x x HNO3 + NaOH NaNO3 + H2O AgNO3 + NaCl AgCl + NaNO3 mol: x x Theo gi thi t v cc ph n ng ta c : n gi i ng : (1) (2) (3)
n C H Cl = n NaCl = n AgCl =
3 7
m C H Cl
6 5
p n A. V d 3: H n h p X g m 0,1 mol anlyl clorua ; 0,3 mol benzyl bromua ; 0,1 mol hexyl clorua ; 0,15 mol phenyl bromua. un si X v i n c n khi ph n ng x y ra hon ton, chi t l y ph n n c l c, r i cho tc d ng v i dung d ch AgNO3 d thu c m gam k t t a. Gi tr c a m l : A. 28,7. B. 57,4. C. 70,75. D. 14,35. H ng d n gi i Khi un si h n h p X trong n c th ch c anlyl clorua v benzyl bromua b th y phn. Phng trnh ph n ng C6H5CH2Br + H2O C6H5CH2OH + HBr (1) mol: 0,3 0,3 CH2=CHCH2Cl + H2O CH2=CHCH2OH + HCl (2) 0,1 mol: 0,1 (3) AgNO3 + HBr AgBr + NaNO3 mol: 0,3 0,3 (4) AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + NaNO3 mol: 0,1 0,1 Theo cc phng trnh ph n ng v gi thi t ta c : m = 0,3.188 + 0,1.143,5 = 70,75 gam. p n C.
Cc v d minh h a
V d 4: un nng 27,40 gam CH3CHBrCH2CH3 v i KOH d trong C2 H5OH, sau khi ph n ng x y ra hon ton thu c h n h p kh X g m hai olefin trong s n ph m chnh chi m 80%, s n ph m ph chi m 20%. t chy hon ton X thu c bao nhiu lt CO2 (ktc) ? Bi t cc ph n ng x y ra v i hi u su t ph n ng l 100%. A. 4,48 lt. B. 8,96 lt. C. 11,20 lt. D. 17,92 lt. H ng d n gi i Khi un nng CH3CHBrCH2CH3 v i KOH d trong C2H5OH th thu c hai s n ph m h u c l but-1-en v but-2-en. Phng trnh ph n ng :
CHCHBrCH2CH3
C2 H5 OH/KOH, to
CH2=CHCH2CH3
(s n ph m ph )
CH3CH=CHCH3
(s n ph m chnh)
to
V y VCO = 0,8.22, 4 = 17,92 lt. 2 p n D. V d 5: un si 15,7 gam C3 H7Cl v i h n h p KOH/C2 H5OH d, sau khi lo i t p ch t v d n kh sinh ra qua dung d ch brom d th y c x gam Br2 tham gia ph n ng. Tnh x n u hi u su t ph n ng ban u l 80%. A. 25,6 gam. B. 32 gam. C. 16 gam. D. 12,8 gam. H ng d n gi i Phng trnh ph n ng :
KOH /C2 H 5OH, t (1) C3H7Cl C3H6 + HCl mol: 0,2.80% 0,16 + Br2 C3H6Br2 (2) C3H6 0,16 mol: 0,16 Theo cc ph n ng v gi thi t ta c : x = 0,16.160 = 25,6 gam.
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