High Performance Back-up AC Power

ECE 345 Project Proposal 9-17-03

Chris Hopfinger Kevin Rogers T.A. Mark Wiegert

I. Introduction: I.1. Title We selected the High Performance Back-Up AC Power project because it will allow us to incorporate, interconnect, and implement knowledge weve learned in different areas of power engineering (Power electronics, electric machinery, and power systems analysis). The most interesting, and probably most difficult, part of our project will be attempting to synchronize the ac line power source and the battery-to-inverter power source. Right now synchronizing relays tend to be very expensive (higher quality relays can sell for thousands of dollars). However, we intend to design a circuit that will synchronize sinusoids at a much lower cost. I.2. Objectives Our goal is to build a circuit capable of switching a h.p. motor from a 120V ac line to a backup ac power source when the ac line goes out. Then, after power returns to the ac line, we will resynchronize the voltage and current coming from the battery and inverter to the power coming from the ac line. Once synchronization occurs well switch the power to the motor back to the ac line. If time permits we will also create a circuit to charge the backup battery. Benefits of the back-up ac power circuit to the end customer will include: Reduced cost of synchronizing ac sources Continued use of a motor despite loosing its normal ac power supply Purchase of expensive battery wont be needed because a common 12V battery will be used

Features of the back-up ac power will include: Switching to the back-up ac supply within 0.1s of the ac line going out > 50 minutes of run time from the back-up 12V battery + 1% frequency variation between running line freq. and initial back-up power freq. After power returns to the ac line, the back-up ac power will resynchronize after 10s to make sure the ac line didnt return temporarily.

II. Block Diagram: AC Line Sensors Switch (Relay) Battery Charger Battery Motor

Inverter

Block Diagram Description: AC Line: The AC Line block represents an ac input. This input will be a 120V 60 Hz ac signal, just like the signal from a wall outlet. This will drive the motor and charge the battery while it has power. Once power is lost it will be switched off the motor and remain idle until power is restored. After power is restored the motor will be switched back to the ac line. Battery Charger: The battery charger is an ac-dc converter that will supply the battery with a dc voltage so it remains charged. While the ac line is powered the charge will complete this conversion. If power to the ac line is lost the charger will remain idle until power is restored, and it will continue charging the battery. Battery: The battery will be a 12V battery, similar to a car battery. The battery will supply power to the motor when the ac line loses power. The dc power will be converted to ac to support the motor. Inverter: The inverter will change the dc power from the battery to ac power for the motor. It will convert the dc voltage to an approximate 120V 60Hz sinusoidal signal. The inverter will monitor what the sensors see to ensure that the signal is synchronized with the ac line. Once the two signals are synchronized the inverter will allow the switch to operate, so that switching between the two lines can occur. Sensors: The sensors will detect the phase angle, frequency of the ac line and the phase and frequency of the electrical input to the stator of the motor. They will also detect when the ac line loses power. This information is sent to the inverter and switches to be processed. Switch: The switch will take the information from the sensors and determine when it is possible to switch between the ac line and the back-up system. When the timing is correct the switch will change the input to the motor.

Motor: Our ac load will be a pre-built h.p. induction motor. We will attempt to keep the motor as close to steady-state as possible during the switching from the ac line to the battery and from the battery back to the ac line. III. Verification: Testing Procedure: 1. Test the voltage at the terminals of the motor just after it is cut from the ac line. 2. Test the inverter to ensure an approximate frequency is obtained, close to 60Hz. 3. Test the sensing and switching components together to make sure the switches operate at the appropriate timing. 4. Make sure the charger has low voltage ripple so the battery charges without damage. Tolerance: The aspect that most affects our project is the synchronization of the inverter with the ac line and also with the motor. This must be done to ensure the ac line and inverter are in phase when switching so the motor is not damaged. The inverter needs to be in sync with the motor so the switching happens quickly enough, within 0.1s, so the motor does not completely lose power. We plan to check the phases of both the line and back-up systems with a phase comparator. If everything is synchronized correctly they motor should run fluidly through the switching between the line and back-up systems.

IV. Cost Analysis & Schedule: Labor Cost: $35.00 * (120 hrs ) * ( 2.5) = 10,500 per member hr Total Labor Cost = ( $10,500 ) * (2 members) = $21,000

Parts Cost: Part Motor Battery Price $50 $15

Inverter Charger Switch Sensor Total Cost of Parts

$20 $10 $50 $100 $245

Total Cost = Total Labor Cost + Total Parts Cost = ($21,000) + ($245) Total Cost = $21,245 Schedule: Week: 9/15 9/22 Task Work on Proposal (Both) Schematics, Simulation, & Find Parts: Inverter (Kevin) Switch & Sensor (Chris) Charger (Both) Prepare for Design Review (Both) Design Review (Both) Collect Parts (Both) Build Circuit Components (Both) Test Individual Components (Both) Test Circuit (Both) Test Circuit (Both) Prepare for Mock Demo (Both) Mock Demo (Both) Start Presentation (Both) Debug Circuit (Both) Finish Presentation (Both) Debug Circuit (Both) Rehearse Presentation (Both) Start Final Paper (Both) Thanksgiving Week Demo (Both) Presentation (Both) Finish Final Paper (Both) Turn in Paper (Both) Checkout (Both)

9/29 10/6 10/13 10/20 10/27 11/3 11/10 11/17 11/24 12/1 12/8