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Cp chnh xc
1 - C s
2 - C s
3 - C s
c im ca i tng xy
dng
Hng cp khng ch
S
o nmy c
myvng
t2 hoc
chnh xc tng ng
Hng IV (1 - c s) Cp 1 6
(2 - c s)
3
Cp 2 (3- c s)
2
my T5 hoc my c
chnh xc tng ng
7
4
3
Hng
Khong
cch ln
nht t
my n
mia (m)
Chnh
lch
khong
cch sau
trc (m)
Sai s o
trn cao
n mi
trm my
(mm)
Sai s
khp
tuyn theo
s trm
my
25
0,3
0,5
0,8
0,5
II
35
0,7
1,5
0,5
0,7
1 n
1,5 n
III
50
1,5
3,0
0,3
3,0
6 n
IV
75-100
2,0
5,0
0,3
5,0
10 n
Cp chnh
xc
1
1
1/15.00 5
2
3
4
2,5
3
1,6
2,4
4,0
6,0
10,0
16,0
24,0
40,0
80,0
4
2,4
4,0
6,0
10,0
16,0
24,0
40,0
80,0
100,0
Cp chnh xc
1
2
3
0,6
1,0
0,6
1,6
1,0
2,4
0,6
1,6
4,0
1,0
2,4
6,0
1,6
4,0
10,0
2,4
6,0
16,0
4,0
10,0 24,0
6,0
16,0
10,0
4
1,0
1,6
2,4
4,0
6,0
10,0
16,0
24,0
40,0
Cp chnh xc
1
2
0,6
0,6
1,0
1,0
1,6
1,6
2,4
2,4
4,0
4,0
6,0
6,0
10,0
10,0
16,0
16,0
24,0
3
1,0
1,6
2,4
4,0
6,0
10,0
16,0
24,0
40,0
4
2,4
4,0
6,0
10,0
16,0
24,0
40,0
40,0
60,0
Tn lch
X dch trc, khi mng, mng cc so vi trc b tr
Sai lch v cao ca mng so vi thit k
Sai lch v y mng so vi thit k
Sai lch trc hoc panen tng, chn ct so vi trc b tr hoc
im
nh
trc v cng trnh ti im ct so vi trc b tr
Sai lch
trc du
ct nh
ca cc chi cao ct: <4m
4-8m
8-16m
16-25m
lch cho
php (mm)
12
10
- 20
5
12 15
20
25
10
10
12-2n 9n l
s th t
tng)
5
10
13
8
16
20
2.4. B tr chi tit trc ca mng cc, o v nghim thu mng ccVic b
tr chi tit trc
mng theo phng php o hng c trnh by hnh 5.
My kinh v v thc
o < 1m
Thc thp cun
c kim nh: Ke
My kinh v, thanh
o v thc thp
cun
12).
3,0
3,0
< 2m
2-6m
Dng c o
My chiu thin nh,
dng di
im quang hc
My kinh v v nh du
ng tim
Thc o nghing
Qu di v thc hay thc
thp cun
Thao tc o
sai lch
Dng c o
Dng c di tm quang
hc v
cc kch thc tim trc (kch thc thc t so vi kch thc thit k). T
tng 2
Gi tr sai lch
Thao tc o
cho php
Phm vi o
mm/m
sai lch v tr so vi
cc cu kin khc
lp dng:
Ngang
5 5 10 <5
15 20
< 10
10-20
5 10 15 20-30
20
30-10
5 10 15 < 10
20
10-20
20-30
5 10 15 30-10
20 5
Dng c o
Thanh o ng rt
Thc thp cun kim
nh thc hay thc thp
rt
Thanh o ng rt v thc
thp cun kim nh
5
< 10
10-20
20-30
30-10
< 10
10-20
20-30
30-10
5
8 5 10 < 100
15 20
< 10
10-20
20-30
30-50
EDM
Thc thp cun kim
nh
Yu t
1
Thit b
2
chnh xc
3
Chiu di
5mm, n 5m
thng
- DISTO: o t 0,2 -40m
- Thc thp 30m, phng
php o chnh xc
- My o i FM
10mm, 5 n 25
3mm
15mm, trn 25m
3mm, n 10m
10mm, 30 n 50m
10mm, + 10ppm, trn
50m
Gc
Trc ng
Cao
- My thu bnh (chnh xc)
- NA 3003
2
x
h
2h
(1)
Trong :
x, y
l hiu s to ca cc im trn v di:
h l su ca h khoan
Hiu s cao ca cc mc trc v sau khi o h mng chnh l
nng ln ca y mng. Tr s ny theo l thuyt th ph thuc vo mc
xy dng cng trnh v gim v n khng, khi trng lng cng
trnh tng ng vi khi lng t o i.
3.2.2. Cng tc o bin dng ngang thnh h o:
Cng tc o vt nt;
Cng tc o nghing;
Cng tc o n nh ca tng c v vn thp;
Cng tc o mc nc ngm v p lc nc l rng.
3.3. Quan trc ln theo ti trng v thi gian.-Cng tc quan trc ln
cng trnh tt nht l phng php o nh k thu chun hnh hc chnh
Gi tr d tnh ln theo
thit k mm
< 50
50 - 100
100 - 250
250 - 500
> 500
trnh quan trc ln l 2/3H, H l chiu cao ca cng trnh) khng chn
ni
ngp nc, sn t trt, g ng, b , bi v phi xa ng st hn
50m, cch ng t 30m.
3.3.3. Yu cu v my o v dng c o:
a) Khi phi quan trc ln cng trnh vi chnh xc thu chun hng 1 c
th s dng cc loi my Ni004, Ni002, H1 v cc loi c chnh xc tng
ng
v mia Invar vi khong chia nh nht l 5mm, trn mia c gn ng thu trn,
sai s chiu di 1m trn mia khng ln hn 0.15mm.
b) Khi phi quan trc ln cng trnh vi chnh xc hng 2 c th dng cc
loi my Ni004, WILD N3, H1, KONi -007 v mia Invar nh trn.
c) My thu bnh v mia Invar nh trn. d) Gi tr gc i khng c ln hn
8''.
3.3.4. Cc yu cu v o.
a) Chiu di tia ngm khng c vt qu 20m i vi thu chun hng 1 v
25m i vi thu chun hng 2.
b) Cc trm o ni phi m bo khong cch gia my ti mia trc v mia
sau khng qu 0.5m i vi hng 1 v 1m i vi hng 2. C th cho php
chnh lch khong cch ti 2.5m khi my c gc i<8'' v 5m khi my c gc i<
4''.
c) Khong cch t mt t n tia ngm khng c nh hn 0.3m.
d) Khi o bng mt mia, phi o theo trnh t (S -S -T -T). Thi gian o mt
trm phi nh hn 5 pht.
e) V sai s khp gii hn cc vng khp kn hay mt tuyn c nu bng
15.
Bng 15 Sai s khp gii hn
Cp
Hnghng
1 o
Hng 2
Hng 3
3.3.5. Yu cu v chu k o
Vic xc nh thi gian o (chu k o) chim mt vai tr rt quan
trng. Theo kinh nghim khi quan trc ln cc cng trnh ngi ta chia lm 2
giai on:
Quan trc ln trong giai on thi cng;
Quan trc ln khi cng trnh a vo s dng;
Giai on thi cng, quan trc ln thng c xc nh theo tin thi cng
v
Trong :
1,2,3 l cc im cn c quan trc x dch ca cng trnh.
I, II l im ng quan trc ca cng trnh. A, B l im khng ch trc
a.
Phng php ny c th tin hnh bng 2 cch:
- o cc gc nh hoc dng tiu di ng. phng php gc, sau khi t
my kinh v quang hc c chnh xc cao hoc loi my ring (alimiomet)
c b phn trc v ti im quan trc I cn ti im II t bng ngm c
nh, o cc gc lch khi ng thng hng I -II ca tng im 1,2,3
Theo cc gc lch
i o c v khong cch n cc im cn quan trc Si ta tnh c tr
s x
dch ngang:
''
q
i
(6)
i i
p' '
''2
(m ''2
m )
m2
dh
Trong :
(7)
dt
nc
20' ' 2
x
p' '
S 2
2
(9)
m
dh
mnh
Trong : V l h s phng i
Ngoi ra loi tr Ngoi ra loi tr nh hng do sai s ngm ngi ta c
th o x dch bng phng php o tng phn ng thng v
ng thng k tip nh hnh 29.
3.4.1.2.
Phng php lng gic di hnh thc o tam gic hng giao hi
xc nh
x dch. Phng php ny rt phc tp, nn ch p dng o x dch ca
nhng cng trnh c hnh dng c bit (hnh 30). Trong qu trnh thi cng
cng phi tin hnh o dch chuyn ngang, c bit l o dch chuyn
ngang ca thnh h
o. Vic o dch chuyn ngang tu thuc vo chiu rng (din tch) ca h
o
m t s lng c th xc nh c vic dch chuyn ny.
Cc im
c t vi su khong 9m so vi ct mt nn v nm cch mp tng
vn thp t 0.5 -1.0m. Vic o chuyn dch ngang theo su cc lp t
khc nhau
c xc nh bng thit b o nghing Inclinometer. chnh xc dch
chuyn
n 1mm.
S A
hocS
d
S' (1 r )
A
(10)
d
(11)
Trong
2 l gi tr khong chia ca ng bt nc trn b phn ngm hay ng knh
nm ngang ca trc quay ng knh
V l phng i ca ng knh
3.4.3.3.
Phng php gc i vi cng trnh cao c dng trn hay hnh
thp: Cch tt nht tin hnh quan trc nghing l cch o nh k
ti im A v B trn hnh 34. Cc gc gia cc ng thng ng c nh
AN, BN v cc hng n
im cn quan trc nm trn cng trnh o bng my kinh v chnh xc
cao. Da
vo s thay i ca cc gc theo thi gian v khong cch nm ngang
n
im cn quan trc (m d dng xc nh bng giao hi thun bng A v
B) ta s tm c cc thnh phn S1, S2 v tr s nghing s c tnh theo
n v chiu di l:
S1
S2
S1
' ;
' ' 2 ; S
S 1 S 2
2
'1
S2
''
2
''
Trong cc k hiu ca cng thc th hin hnh 34.
nghing ca cng trnh (tnh theo n v gc) c tnh theo cng thc:
S xp
nghi ng
(13)
h
Trong :
mS1
S m' ' 2
1
''
3.4.3.4.
Ngoi ra c th dng phng php kinh v chp nh o bin
dng ca kt cu
v cng trnh. Phng php ny c u im l xc nh ng thi x
dch ca cc im cn ko st c theo c 3 trc to v ngoi ra c kh
nng kim tra kt qu quan trc vo bt k lc no bng cch o lp li
cc nh chp. xc
nh x dch ca cc im ch trong mt phng thng ng
(ln st, un cong, x dch cnh sn) vic chp nh kinh v c tin hnh
nh k t mt trm chp, tc l p dng phng php o v chp nh mt
t. Cc nh nhn
c s c o trn my to tp th (Stereo comparator) trong o
khay tri
ta t tm nh ban u v tay phi l tm nh chp chu k quan trc
ang xt,
nh vy l xc nh c x dch tng cng ca cc im i vi chu k
ban
u. Sai s trung phng xc nh bin dng cng trnh bng phng php
o v
Ph lc A
(quy nh)
Mt s quy nh v cc mu s o
v cc quy cch bng biu trong tnh ton bin dng
Mu 1- S o ln cng trnh (mu dng cho cng tc )
Tn cng trnh :.............................................. Chu k o (hay cp ti trng)
:......... Ngy thng............ nm 199..............
Ngi
o :......................................... Thi gian o: Bt u....... Kt thc.............
Ngi ghi :........................................ My o :
.Mia.....................
Ngi kim tra :................................
S th S trm im
S ln c trn mia
S-T
Ghi ch
h/2
ln 1
ln 2
TB
t
o
o
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
1
1
M1
213.345 213.348 213.346 092.051 460.25
2
M2
120.296 120.294 120.295
Mu 2- Bnh sai li thu chun o ln
Tn cng
trnh :
S lng mc bit cao : 2
S lng mc cn xc nh : 42
S lng tuyn o trong li : 53
Tng s trm my cc tuyn o : 81
Sai s n v trong s : 0,23 mm/trm
Nr
1
2
Tn
R - I mc
R - II
cao, H(m)
6.00000
6.50000
Ghi ch
Nr
Tr o
(mm)
V (mm) Tr BS
(mm)
Mh (mm) N
1
2
3
4
R-1
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
528.64
45.16
67.44
13.98
-0.15
-0.03
0.03
-0.05
528.64
45.16
67.44
13.98
-0.15
-0.03
0.03
-0.05
1
2
3
4
Ko
hiu
mc
H1
H2
H3
H4
H5
H6
H7
20-11-
07-1-95 12-3-95
1
2
Mu 5- Bng tng hp kt qu o ln
Thi gian o chu k l : 28 - 7 - 94 Thi gian o chu k 5 : 20 - ll - 94
Thi gian o chu k 2 : 29 - 8 - 94 Thi gian o chu k 6 : 25 - 12 - 94
Thi gian o chu k 3 : 27 - 9 - 94 Thi gian o chu k 7 : 28 - 01 - 94
Thi gian o chu k 4 : 28 - l0- 94
Nr
K
H2hiu H1
mc
H3H1
H4H1
H5H1
H6H1
H7H1
H3H1
H4H1
H5H1
H6H1
H7-H1
DH
R-1
-0.3 -0.8
-2.7
-4.4
-3.9
-3.1
-0.5
-1.9
-1.7
-0.5
-0.8
-0.1 -1.1
-1.3
-1.6
-1.1
-0.6
-0.9
-0.2
-0.3
-0.5
-0.5
Nr Tn V
vt tr
nt
L
1
Hg L
Hg L
Hg
Tg1 125 Max Max T 12 Max Max T 1298 Max Max Typ5 4
Min Min y- 76 Min Min yMin Min Nam
Na
Na
Ngy o:
AO
A180 INTT
D
BO
(mm)
B180 INTT
Thi tit:
D
R(mm) A(DG)
(mm)
10.5
10.0
.
.
.
1.00
0.50
-605
-523
.
.
.
-219
-384
73
67
.
.
.
289
278
-691
-604
.
.
.
-194
-556
0.13
0.27
.
.
.
23.48
22.42
625
539
.
.
.
237
403
-92
-84
.
.
.
-299
-286
701
628.
.
.
.
535
583
0.16 0.21
0.11 0.29
.
.
.
.
.
.
-22.36 32.42
-21.30 30.92
50.91
22.17
.
.
.
43.6
43.53
Ngy
thng
07.01.94
28.04.94
03.05.94
Cao
np ng
9.580
9.580
9.580
su
ngp nc
9.500
8.8..
8.850
Mc nc
Ghi ch
ngm (m)
0.080
c ln
0.780
u
0.730
11.05.94
12.05.94
13.05.4
17.00
17.00
17.00
9.030
9.030
9.030
9.580
9.580
9.580
8.220
8.560
8.560
1.360
0.930
0.930
Ma to
Ngy
thng
07.01.94
28.04.94
03.05.94
11.05.94
12.05.94
13.05.4
17.00
8.995
17.00
8.995
17.00
8.995
Cao
np ng
9.325
9.325
9.325
9.325
9.325
9.325
su
ngp nc
9.500
9.515
9.515
9.575
9.575
9.565
Mc nc
ngm (m)
-0.175
-0.190
-0.190
-0.250
-0.250
-0.240
Ghi ch
c ln
u Nng
to Ma to