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1
TAM GIC TRONG CC BI TON LIN QUAN N
KHO ST HM S

DNG 1: Ba im cc tr to thnh tam gic.

V d 1. ( DB-2004 ). Cho hm s ( )
4 2 2
2 1
m
y x m x C = + (1)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) vi m=1
2. Tm m d hm s (1) c ba im cc tr l ba nh ca mt tam gic vung cn .
GII
1. Hc sinh t v th (C)
2. Ta c : ( )
3 2 2 2
2 2
0
' 4 4 4 0 0 (*)
x
y x m x x x m m
x m
=
= = = =

- Vi iu kin (*) th hm s (1) c ba im cc tr . Gi ba im cc tr l :
( ) ( ) ( )
4 4
0;1 ; ;1 ; ;1 A B m m C m m . Do nu ba im cc tr to thnh mt tam gic
vung cn , th nh s l A .
- Do tnh cht ca hm s trng phng , tam gic ABC l tam gic cn ri , cho
nn tha mn iu kin tam gic l vung , th AB vung gc vi AC.
( ) ( ) ( )
4 4
; ; ; ; 2 ; 0 AB m m AC m m BC m = = =


Tam gic ABC vung khi :
( )
2 2 2 2 2 8 2 8
4 BC AB AC m m m m m = + = + + +
( )
2 4 4
2 1 0; 1 1 m m m m = = =
Vy vi m = -1 v m = 1 th tha mn yu cu bi ton .
* Ta cn c cch khc
- Tam gic ABC l tam gic vung khi trung im I ca BC : AI = IB , vi
( )
4
0; I m =
( ) ( )
4 2 8 2 2 2 2 8 2
0; ; ; 0 IA m IA m IB m IB m IA IB m m = = = = = =

. Hay
4
1 1 m m = =

V d 2 : Cho hm s 1 2
2 4
+ = mx x y (1)
1.Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) khi m = 1
2.Tm cc gi tr ca tham s m thi hm s (1) c ba im cc tr v ng
trn i qua ba im ny c bn knh bng 1.
GII.
1. Hc sinh t v th (C).
2. Ta c mx x y 4 4 '
3
=

=
=
=
m x
x
y
2
0
0 '

- Hm s c 3 cc tr y i du 3 ln phng trnh y = 0 c 3 nghim phn
bit m > 0
Khi m > 0 , th hm s (1) c 3 im cc tr l
) 1 ; 0 ( , ) 1 ; ( , ) 1 ; (
2 2
C m m B m m A
- Gi I l tm v R l bn knh ca ng trn i qua 3 im A, B, C.
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V 2 im A, B i xng qua trc tung nn I nm trn trc tung.
t I(0 ; y
0
). Ta c : IC = R

=
=
=
2
0
1 ) 1 (
0
0 2
0
y
y
y

) 0 ; 0 ( O I hoc ) 2 ; 0 ( I
* Vi ) 0 ; 0 ( O I
IA = R

+
=

=
=
=
= + = +
2
5 1
2
5 1
1
0
0 2 1 ) 1 (
2 4 2 2
m
m
m
m
m m m m m

So snh iu kin m > 0, ta c m = 1 v m =
2
5 1+

* Vi I(0 ; 2)
IA = R 0 2 1 ) 1 (
2 4 2 2
= + + = + m m m m m (*)
Phng trnh (*) v nghim khi m > 0
Vy bi ton tha mn khi m = 1 v m =
2
5 1+

BI TP
Cu1. Cho hm s
4 2
2 1 y x mx m = +
(1) , vi m l tham s thc.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (1) khi 1 m = .
2. Xc nh m hm s (1) c ba im cc tr, ng thi cc im cc tr ca th to
thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 4 2 .
Cu 2. Cho hm s
4 2 2
y x 2m x 1 =
(1), trong m l tham s thc.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1.
2. Tm gi tr ca tham s m hm s (1) c ba im cc tr l ba nh ca mt tam
gic c din tch bng 32.
Cu 3. Cho hm s
4 2 2
2 y x mx m m = + + + (1) , vi m l tham s thc.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (1) khi 2 m = .
2. Xc nh m hm s (1) c ba im cc tr, ng thi cc im cc tr ca th
to thnh mt tam gic c gc bng 120
0
.
Cu 4. Cho hm s y = x
4
2m
2
x
2
+ 1, (1)
a) Kho st v v th ca hm s.
b) Tm m th hm s (1) c ba im cc tr A, B, C v din tch ca tam gic
ABC bng 32.
Cu 5. Cho hm s y = x
4
2m
2
x
2
+ 1 (1)
1. Kho st hm s (1) khi m = 1
2. Tm m th h/s (1) c 3 im cc tr l 3 nh ca mt tam gic vung cn
Cu 6. Cho hm s
4 2
y x 2x 2 m = + c th (C
m
) vi m l tham s .
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C).ca hm s khi m = 0 .
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2. Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr ca m tam gic c ba nh l ba im cc tr ca
th (
m
C ) l mt tam gic vung cn.
Cu 7. Cho hm s 5 5 ) 2 ( 2
2 2 4
+ + + = m m x m x y .
1. Kho st v v th ca hm s khi m = 1.
2.Tm m th hm s c cc im cc i v cc tiu to thnh mt tam gic
vung cn.
Cu 8. Cho hm s y = x
4
2mx
2
+ m 1 . (1)
1. Kho st v v v th hm s khi m = 1.
2. Xc nh m hm s (1) c ba cc tr, ng thi cc im cc tr ca th to
thnh mt tam gic c bn knh ng trn ngoi tip bng 1.
Cu 9. Cho hm s
m m mx x y + =
2 2 4
2 2
(1) vi m l tham s thc.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 1.
2 nh m th ca hm s (1) c ba im cc tr l ba nh ca mt tam gic
vung.
Cu 10. Cho hm s
4 2 4
y x 2mx 2m m = - + + (1)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (1) khi m 1 =
2. Xc nh m hm s (1) c cc i v cc tiu, ng thi cc im cc i v cc
tiu ca th hm s (1) lp thnh mt tam gic u.
DNG 2 : Hai im cc tr v mt im khc tao thnh mt tam gic.

V d 1. Cho hm s
( ) ( )
3 2 2 2
3 3 1 3 1 1 y x x m x m = + +
1. Kho st v v th (1) vi m=1
2. Tm m hm s (1) c cc i , cc tiu , ng thi cc im cc i v cc tiu
cng vi gc ta O to thnh mt tam gic vung ti O.
GII
1. Hc sinh t v th .
2. Ta c :
( )
2 2
' 3 6 3 1 y x x m = + +
- hm s c cc i , cc tiu th :
( )
2 2
' 3 6 3 1 y x x m = + + =0 c hai nghim phn
bit
( )
2 2
1
2
' 9 9 1 0 9 0; 0 (*)
3 3
1
3
3 3
1
3
m m m
m
x m
m
x m
A = + > > =

= = +

= =

- Vi iu kin (*) hm s c cc i , cc tiu .Gi ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; ; ; A x y B x y l hai im cc
i ,cc tiu ca hm s . Nu A, B cng vi O to thnh tam gic vung ti O th OA
vung gc vi OB : . 0 OAOB =


- Ta c : ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
; ; ; . 0 1 OA x y OB x y OAOB x x y y = + =


- Bng php chia phng trnh hm s cho o hm ca n , ta c :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
3 3 1 3 1 3 6 3 1 2 2 1
3 3
x
x x m x m x x m m x m
| |
+ + = + + + +
|
\ .

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- Phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr : ( )
2 2
2 2 1 y m x m = +
- Do :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
2 2 1 ; 2 2 1 . 4 4 1 4 1 y m x m y m x m y y m x x m x x m = + = + = + + + +
- p dng Vi-t cho (1)
1 2
2
1 2
2
. 1
x x
x x m
+ =

, thay vo :
( ) ( )( )
4 2 2 2 2 2 2 4
1 2
4 1 2( 1) ( 1) 4 1 1 y y m m m m m m m
(
= + + + = + +


- Vy :
( )( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 4 2 2 4
1 2 1 2
0 (1 ) 4 1 1 0 1 4 1 1 0 x x y y m m m m m m m
(
+ = + + = + =


Hay : ( )( ) ( )
2
2 2 4
2
4 2
1
1
1 0
1 3 4 4 0; *
3
6
4 4 3 0
2
2
m
m
m
m m m
m
m m m
=
=

+ =

=
+ + = =

Kt lun : Vi m tha mn (*) th hai im cc i , cc tiu ca hm s cng vi O
to thnh tam gic vung ti O .
V d 2. Cho hm s ( ) ( )
3 2
3 3 1 1 3
m
y x x m x m C = + + +
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) vi m = 1 .
2. Tm m hm s c cc i , cc tiu , ng thi cc im cc i v cc tiu
cng vi gc ta O to thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 4 .
GII
1. Hc sinh t v th (C).
2. hm s c cc i , cc tiu th phng trnh y = 0 c hai nghim phn bit
x
2
2x + (1 m) = 0 c 2 nghim phn bit > A 0 ' 1 (1 m) > 0m > 0 (*)
- Vi iu kin (*), hm s c C, CT . Gi ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; ; ; A x y B x y l hai im cc tr .
Vi
1 2
, x x l hai nghim ca phng trnh
2
( 2 1 ) x x m + = 0 (1) .
- Bng php chia phng trnh hm s cho o hm ca n , ta c :
2 2 2 '
3
1
3
+ +
|
.
|

\
|
= m mx y
x
y . Suy ra phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im cc tr
l d : y = -2mx + 2m + 2 .
1 1 2 2
2 2 2; 2 2 2 y mx m y mx m = + + = + + .
- Ta c : ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1
; 2 ( ) 4 4 1 AB x x m x x AB x x m x x x x m = = + = +

- Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca O trn (AB), h l khong cch t O n AB th :
2
4 1
| 2 2 |
m
m
h
+
+
=
- | 1 || |
4 1
| 2 2 |
. 4 1 | |
2
1
.
2
1
1 2
2
2
1 2
+ =
+
+
+ = = m x x
m
m
m x x h AB S
- Theo gi thit : ( )
2 2
4 . 1 2 1 4; 1 4
1
m m m m m
A
= + + = + =
( )( )
3 2 2
2 4 0 1 3 4 0 1 m m m m m m m + + = + + = =
Kt lun : vi m = 1 tha mn yu cu bi ton .

BI TP
Bi 1. Cho hm s y = x
3
3x
2
+ m , (1).
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1. Kho st v v th hm s khi m = 2.
2. Tm m hm s (1) c cc i v cc tiu , ng thi cc im cc i, cc tiu
v gc ta O to thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 4.
Bi 2. Cho hm s
3 2 2 3
3 3( 1) y x mx m x m m = + + (1)
1.Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) ng vi m=1
2.Tm m hm s (1) c cc tr v cc im cc tr vi gc ta to thnh mt
tam gic vung ti O
Cu 3. Cho hm s
3 2
1
2 3
3
y x x x = +
(1)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) .
2. Gi A, B ln lt l cc im cc i, cc tiu ca th hm s (1). Tm im M
thuc trc honh sao cho tam gic MAB c din tch bng 2.
Cu 4. Cho hm s ( )
3 2 2 2
3 3 1 3 1 y x x m x m = + + (1), vi m l tham s thc.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi 1 m = .
2. Tm m hm s (1) c cc i v cc tiu, ng thi cc im cc tr ca th
cng vi gc to O to thnh mt tam gic vung ti O.
Cu 5. Cho hm s 2 3
2 3
+ = mx x x y (1) vi m l tham s thc.
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi m = 0.
2.nh m hm s (1) c cc tr, ng thi ng thng i qua hai im cc tr ca
th hm s to vi hai trc ta mt tam gic cn.
DNG 3 : Giao im ca cc th v mt im khc tao thnh tam gic.

V d 1.Cho hm s ( )
3 2
3 4 y x x C = +
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C)
2. Gi d l ng thng i qua im A(- 1; 0) vi h s gc l k ( k thuc R). Tm k
ng thng d ct (C) ti ba im phn bit v hai giao im B, C ( B, C khc A )
cng vi gc ta O to thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 1.
GII
1. Hc sinh t v th (C)
2. ng thng d i qua A(-1; 0) vi h s gc l k , c phng trnh l :
y = k(x+1) = kx+ k .
- Nu d ct (C) ti ba im phn bit th phng trnh: x
3
3x
2
+ 4 = kx + k
x
3
3x
2
kx + 4 k = 0 (x + 1)( x
2
4x + 4 k ) = 0

= + =
=
0 4 4 ) (
1
2
k x x x g
x
c ba nghim phn bit g(x) = x
2
4x + 4 k = 0 c hai
nghim phn bit khc - 1 (*) 9 0
0 9
0
0 ) 1 (
0 '
= <

=
>

=
> A
k
k
k
g

Vi iu kin : (*) th d ct (C) ti ba im phn bit A, B, C .Vi A(-1;0) , do B,C
c honh l hai nghim ca phng trnh g(x) = 0.
- Gi ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; ; ; B x y C x y vi
1 2
; x x l hai nghim ca phng trnh :
2
4 4 0 x x k + = .
Cn
1 1 2 2
; y kx k y kx k = + = + .
- Ta c : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
; 1 1 BC x x k x x BC x x k x x k = = + = +

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- Khong cch t O n ng thng d :
2
1
k
h
k
=
+

- Vy theo gi thit :
2 3 3 3
3
2
1 1 1 1 1
. . 2 1 2 1
2 2 2 4
4
1
k
S h BC k k k k k k
k
= = + = = = = =
+

p s :
3
1
4
k =
, th tha mn yu cu ca bi ton .
V d 2. Cho hm s ( )
2
m
m x
y H
x

=
+

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (H) vi m = 1
2. Tm m ng thng d : 2x + 2y - 1= 0 ct ( )
m
H ti hai im phn bit A, B sao
cho tam gic OAB c din tch bng
8
3
.

GII
1. Hc sinh t v th (H).
2. ng thng d vit li :
1
2
y x = . d ct ( )
m
H ti hai im phn bit A, B th
phng trnh: 0 2 2 2 ) ( ) 2 (
2
1
2
2
= + + = = =
+

m x x x g x x
x
x m
c hai nghim phn
bit khc - 2

=
<

= +
>

=
> A

2
16
17
0 2 4
0 ) 2 2 ( 8 1
0 ) 2 (
0
m
m
m
m
g
(*)
- Gi
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1
1 1
; ; ; ; 2
2 2
A x x B x x AB x x x x AB x x x x x x
| | | |
= = + =
| |
\ . \ .


- Khong cch t O n d l h , th :
2 2
1
1
2 2
2 2
h

= =
+

- Theo gi thit :
2 1
1 1 1 1 1 17 16 3
. 2.
2 2 4 4 2 8 2 2
m
S AB h x x
a
A
= = = = =
Hay :
17
1 17 16 3 1
; 17 16 3 16
4 2 8 2
16 8
m m
m m
m

<
= = =

, tha mn iu kin (*) .

- p s : m =
2
1
.
V d 3. Cho hm s ( )
2 1
1
x
y C
x
+
=
+

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C)
2.Tm tham s m ng thng d : y = - 2x + m ct th ti hai im phn bit A,
B sao cho din tch tam gic OAB bng 3 .

GII
1. Hc sinh t v th (C) .
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2. Nu d ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B th phng trnh :
) 1 ( 0 1 ) 4 ( 2 ) ( ) 1 ( 2
1
1 2
2
= + = = + =
+
+
m x m x x g x m x
x
x
c hai nghim phn bit
khc -1

= =
> +

=
> = A

0 1 ) 1 (
0 8
0 ) 1 (
0 ) 1 ( 8 ) 4 (
2 2
g
m
g
m m
2
8 0 m m R + > e .
Chng t vi mi m d lun ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A,B
- Gi : ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; 2 ; ; 2 A x x m B x x m + + . Vi :
1 2
, x x l hai nghim ca phng trnh (1)
- Ta c :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1
2 2
2 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1
; 2 4 5 AB x x x x AB x x x x x x = = + =

.
- Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca O trn d , th khong cch t O n d l h :
2
5
2 1
m m
h = =
+

- Theo gi thit :
2 1 2
1 1 1 1
. 5 . . 8 3
2 2 2 2 4 5
x x
S AB h m

A
= = = = + =
Vy :
2 2 2 2 2
8 4 .3 8 4 .3 40 2 10 (*) m m m m + = + = = =
Vi m tha mn iu kin (*) th d ct (C) ti A, B tha mn yu cu bi ton .

V d 4 . Cho hm s ( ) ( )
3 2
2 3 4
m
y x mx m x C = + + + + (1)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) vi m = 2 .
2. Tm m ng thng d : y = x + 4 ct th hm s (1) ti ba im phn bit A,
B, C sao cho tam gic MBC c din tch bng 4 . ( im B, C c honh khc
khng ; M(1;3) ).
GII
1. Hc sinh t v th (C)
2. th (1) ct d ti ba im A,B,C c honh l nghim ca phng trnh :
( )
3 2 2
2
0
2 3 4 4; 2 2 0
2 2 0
x
x mx m x x x x mx m
x mx m
=
( + + + + = + + + + =


+ + + =

2
' 2 0 1 2 (*) m m m m A = > < v >
Vi m tha mn (*) th d ct (1) ti ba im A(0; 4) , cn hai im B,C c honh l
hai nghim ca phng trnh :
2
2
' 2 0
2 2 0 1 2; 2
2 0
m m
x mx m m m m
m
A = >
+ + + = < v > =

+ =

- Ta c :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
; 4 ; ; 4 ; 2 B x x C x x BC x x x x BC x x x x x x + + = = + =

-Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca M trn d . h l khong cch t M n d th :
2 1 2 1
1 3 4
1 1
2 . 2. 2
2 2 2
h S BC h x x x x
+
= = = = =
- Theo gi thit : S = 4
2 2
2 1
4; 2 ' 4; 2 4 6 0 x x m m m m = A = = =
Kt lun : vi m tha mn : 2 3 3 m m m = v = = ( chn ).

Bi 5 . Cho hm s
3 2
2 3( 1) 2 y x mx m x = + + + (1), m l tham s thc
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1.Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi 0 m = .
2.Tm m th hm s ct ng thng : 2 y x A = + ti 3 im phn bit (0; 2) A ;
B; C sao cho tam gic MBC c din tch 2 2 , vi (3;1). M

Gii.
2. Phng trnh honh giao im ca th vi ( ) A l:
3 2
2 3( 1) 2 2 x mx m x x + + + = +
2
0 2
( ) 2 3 2 0(2)
x y
g x x mx m
= =

= + + =

ng thng ( ) A ct d th hm s (1) ti ba im phn bit A(0;2), B, C
Phng trnh (2) c hai nghim phn bit khc 0.

=
< v >

=
> +

=
> A

3
2
1 2
0 2 3
0 2 3
0 ) 0 (
0 '
2
m
m m
m
m m
g

Gi ( )
1 1
; B x y v ( )
2 2
; C x y , trong
1 2
, x x l nghim ca (2);
1 1
2 y x = + v
1 2
2 y x = +
Ta c ( )
3 1 2
; ( )
2
h d M
+
= A =
2 2.2 2
4
2
MBC
S
BC
h
= = =
M
2 2 2 2
2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2
( ) ( ) 2 ( ) 4 BC x x y y x x x x ( = + = +

=
2
8( 3 2) m m +
Suy ra
2
8( 3 2) m m + =16 0 m = (tho mn) hoc 3 m = (tho mn)
BI TP.
Bi 1. Cho hm s y = x
3
+ 2mx
2
+ (m + 3)x + 4, c th (Cm).
1. Kho st v v th ca hm s khi m = 1.
2. Cho d l ng thng c phng trnh y = x + 4 v im K(1 ; 3). Tm m d ct
(Cm) ti ba im phn bit A(0 ; 4), B, Csao cho tam gic KBC c din tch bng
2 8 .
Bi 2. Cho hm s
3 2
2 3( 1) 2 y x mx m x = + + + (1), m l tham s thc
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s khi 0 m = .
2.Tm m th hm s ct ng thng : 2 y x A = + ti 3 im phn bit (0; 2) A ;
B; C sao cho tam gic MBC c din tch 2 2 , vi (3;1). M
Bi 3. Cho hm s y =
1
1 2

+
x
x
(1)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1)
2. nh k ng thng d: y = kx + 3 ct th hm s (1) ti hai im M, N sao
cho tam gic OMN vung gc ti O. ( O l gc ta )
Bi 4. Cho hm s
2 +

=
x
x m
y c th l ) (
m
H , vi m l tham s thc.
1.Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s cho khi 1 = m .
2.Tm m ng thng 0 1 2 2 : = + y x d ct ) (
m
H ti hai im cng vi gc ta to
thnh mt tam gic c din tch l .
8
3
= S
Cu 5. Cho hm s y x x
3 2
3 4 = + c th l (C).
1.Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
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9
2. Gi
k
d l ng thng i qua im A( 1; 0) vi h s gc k k ( ) e . Tm k ng
thng
k
d ct th (C) ti ba im phn bit A, B, C v 2 giao im B, C cng vi
gc to O to thnh mt tam gic c din tch bng 1.
Cu 6 . Cho hm s y x x
3 2
3 2 = + c th l (C).
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2. Gi E l tm i xng ca th (C). Vit phng trnh ng thng qua E v ct
(C) ti ba im E, A, B phn bit sao cho din tch tam gic OAB bng 2 .
Cu 7 . Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x

(C).
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2. Tm m ng thng d: y x m = + ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A, B sao cho
AOAB vung ti O.
DNG 4: Tip tuyn cng vi cc trc ta to thnh tam gic.

V d 1. (KA-2009). Cho hm s
( )
( )
2 1 1
2 3 2 2 2 3
x
y C
x x
+
= = +
+ +

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (C)
2. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C) bit tip tuyn ct trc honh , trc tung
ln lt tai hai im phn bit A, B v tam gic OAB cn ti gc ta O .

GII
1. Hc sinh t v th (C)
2.Gi d l tip tuyn ca (C) ti ( )
( )
( )
0 0 0 0 2
0
1
; :
2 3
M x y d y x x y
x
= +
+

- d ct trc Oy ti B :
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
0 0 0 0
0 0 2 2 2
0
0 0 0
2 2 8 6 1
2 3
2 3 2 3 2 3
B
x x x x
y x y
x
x x x
+ + +
= + = + =
+
+ + +

- d ct trc Ox ti A :
( )
( )
2
0 0 0
0 0 0 2
0 0
0
2 2 4 2 1
0
2 3 2 3
2 3
A A A
x x x
x x y x x x
x x
x
+ + +
= + = =
+ +
+

- Tam gic OAB cn
( )
( )( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
0 0
0 0
4 3 1 3 1 2 1
;
2 3 2 3
2 3 2 3
x x x x x x x
OA OB
x x
x x
+ + + + + + +
= = =
+ +
+ +

( ) ( )( ) ( )
0
0 0 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2
0 0
0 0
1 0
2
0
; 3 1 2 3 ; 2 2 0; 3 1 3
2 0
(2 3) 2 3
x
x y
x x x x x x x
x y
x x
+ =

= =

+ = + + + = + +

=
= =
+ +

Vy c hai im M tha mn yu cu bi ton : ( )
1 2
2
0; ; 2; 0
3
M M
| |

|
\ .






V d 2. (KD-2007). Cho hm s ( )
2
1
x
y C
x
=
+

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10
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C)
2. Tm ta im M thuc (C) , bit tip tuyn ti M ct hai trc Ox, Oy ti hai
im A, B sao cho tam gic OAB c din tch bng
4
1
.


GII
a. Hc sinh t v th (C)
b. Gi ( ) ( )
0
0 0 0
0
2
;
1
x
M x y C y
x
e =
+

- Tip tuyn ti M l d :
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 0
0 0 0 2
0
0
2 2
2 1 2 0
1
1
x
y x x x x y x
x
x
= + + + =
+
+

- d ct Ox tiA.
) 0 ; ( 0 ) 1 (
1
2
) (
) 2 (
2
0
2
0
2
0 0 0 0
0
0
0
2
0
x A x x x x x x
x
x
x x
x
A A A
= = + +
+
+
+
=
- d ct Oy ti im B :
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
0 0 0
0 2 2 2
0
0 0 0
2 2 2 2
0 0;
1
1 1 1
B B
x x x
y x y B
x
x x x
| |
= + = |
|
+
+ + +
\ .

- Gi H l hnh chiu vung gc ca O trn d, h l khong cch t O n d th :
4 ) 1 (
| 2 |
4
0
2
0
+ +
=
x
x
h
(

+
+ +
=
+
+ =
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
=
4
0
4
0 4
0
4
0
4
0 4
0
2
2
0
2
0 2
0
) 1 (
4 ) 1 (
) 1 (
4
) 1 (
2
;
x
x
x
x
x
x AB
x
x
x AB

Vy :
( )
( )
( ) ( )
4
2
4
0 0
2 0
0 2 2
4
0 0
0
2 1 4
1 1 1
. .
2 2 4
1 1
1 4
x x
x
S AB h x
x x
x
+ +
= = = =
+ +
+ +

Cho nn ( )
2 2
0 0
2
0 0 0 0 4
0 0
2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1
2 1 2 1 0
4 1
1
2 2 1 2 1 0
2
x y
x x x x
x x
x y x x x x
= =
= + =

= +


= = = + + =




Do c hai im M tha mn yu cu bi ton : ( )
1 2
1
1;1 ; ; 2
2
M M
| |

|
\ .


V d 3: Cho hm s 1
2 3
+ = x x y c th (C)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2.Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit tip tuyn ct trc Ox, Oy ln lt ti
A, B v tam gic OAB cn ti O.

GII.
1. Hc sinh t v th (C)
2. Gi 1 ) ( ) ; (
2
0
3
0 0 0 0
+ = e x x y C y x M .
- Tip tuyn ti M l d: ) 1 ( ) )( 2 3 (
2
0
3
0 0 0
2
0
+ + = x x x x x x y
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11
- d ct trc Ox ti A :
0
2
0
2
0
3
0 2
0
3
0 0 0
2
0
2 3
1 2
) 1 ( ) )( 2 3 ( 0
x x
x x
x x x x x x x
A A

= + + =
|
|
.
|

\
|

0 ;
2 3
1 2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
x x
x x
A
- d ct trc Oy ti B: 1 2 ) 1 ( ) 0 )( 2 3 (
2
0
3
0
2
0
3
0 0 0
2
0
+ + = + + = x x y x x x x x y
B B

) 1 2 ; 0 (
2
0
3
0
+ + x x B
- Tam gic OAB cn ti O nn OA = OB 1 2
2 3
1 2
2
0
3
0
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
+ + =

x x
x x
x x

=
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+

+ + =

) 2 ( 0 1
2 3
1
) 1 2 (
) 1 ( 0 1
2 3
1
) 1 2 (
1 2
2 3
1 2
1 2
2 3
1 2
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
3
0
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
2
0
3
0
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x

(1)

= +
=

VN
x
x x
x x 1
0 1 2 3
0 1 2
0
0
2
0
2
0
3
0

(2)

=
=

= =
=

=
=

3
1
1
3
1
, 1
1
0 1 2 3
0 1 2
0
0
0 0
0
0
2
0
2
0
3
0
x
x
x x
x
x x
x x

T (1) v (2) ta c :
3
1
1
0 0
= = x v x
* Vi ) 0 ; 0 ( 1
0
O B A x = (loi)
* Vi
27
32
:
3
1
0
+ = = x y d x .

V d 4: Cho hm s m x x y + =
2 3
3 . (1)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s (1) khi m = 0
2. Tm m tip tuyn ca th (1) ti im c honh bng 1 ct cc trc Ox,
Oy ln lt ti cc im A v B sao cho din tch tam gic OAB bng
2
3
.

GII:
1. Hc sinh t v th (C)
2. Vi 2 1
0 0
= = m y x M(1 ; m 2)
- Tip tuyn ti M l d: 2 ) )( 6 3 (
0 0
2
0
+ = m x x x x y
d: y = -3x + m + 2.
- d ct trc Ox ti A: |
.
|

\
| +

+
= + + = 0 ;
3
2
3
2
2 3 0
m
A
m
x m x
A A

- d ct trc Oy ti B : ) 2 ; 0 ( 2 + + = m B m y
B

- 9 ) 2 ( 3 2
3
2
3 | || |
2
3
| || |
2
1
2
3
2
= + = +
+
= = = m m
m
OB OA OB OA S
OAB

=
=

= +
= +

5
1
3 2
3 2
m
m
m
m

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12
Vy : m = 1 v m = - 5
BI TP
Cu 1. Cho hm s y =
1
1 2

+
x
x

1.Kho st s bin thin v v th (C).
2.Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (C), bit tip tuyn ny ct hai trc ta to thnh
mt tam gic c din tch bng
6
1
.
Bi 2. Cho hm s:
1
2( 1)
x
y
x

=
+

1.Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2.Tm nhng im M trn (C) sao cho tip tuyn vi (C) ti M to vi hai trc ta
mt tam gic c trng tm nm trn ng thng 4x + y = 0.
Cu 3. Cho hm s
3
1
) 2 ( ) 1 2 (
3
4
2 3
+ + + + = x m x m x y c th l (C
m
)
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s khi m = 2.
2. Gi A l giao im ca (C
m
) vi trc tung. Tm m sao cho tip tuyn ca (C
m
) ti A
to vi hai trc ta mt tam gic c din tch bng
3
1

DNG 5 : Tip tuyn cng vi cc tim cn to thnh tam gic.

V d 1. Cho hm s ( )
2 3
2
x
y C
x
+
=
+

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C)
2. Tm nhng im M thuc (C) sao cho tip tuyn ti M ct hai tim cn ti A, B
sao cho vng trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB c bn knh nh nht . Vi I l giao hai
tim cn .
GII
1. Hc sinh t v th (C) .
2.Tip tuyn ca (C) ti ) ; (
0 0
y x M l
( )
( )
0 2
0
0
1 1
: 2
2
2
d y x x
x
x
| |
= + |
|
+
+
\ .

- d ct tim cn ng : x = -2 ti A
( )
( )
0 2
0 0
0
1 1 2
2 2 2
2 2
2
A
y x
x x
x
= + =
+ +
+

- d ct tim cn ngang : y = 2 ti B
( )
( )
0 0 2
0
0
1 1
2 2 2 2
2
2
B B
x x x x
x
x
= + =
+
+

- Nh vy: ) 2 ; 2 ( ; ) 2 ; 2 2 ( ;
2
1
2 ; 2
0
0
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
I x B
x
A
- Ta c :
( )
0 0 0
0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
0; ; 2 4; 0 ; 2 4; ; . .2 2 1
2 2 2 2 2
IA IB x AB x S IA IB x
x x x
| | | |
+ + = = + =
| |
+ + +
\ . \ .


Do :
4
. .
4
. . AB IB IA
R
R
AB IB IA
S = =
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13
1
) 2 (
1
. ) 2 ( 4 2
2
1
4
) 2 (
1
) 2 ( 4 | 2 | 2
.
| 2 |
1
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
0 0
0
=
+
+ >
+
+ + +
+
=
x
x
x
x x
x

Du bng xy ra khi :
( )
( )
( )
0 0
2 4
0 0 0 2
0
0 0
1
2 2 2
1 1 1 2
4 2 ; 2 ; 2
1 4 2 2
2 2 2
2
x y
x x x
x
x y

= = +

+ = + = + =
+
= + =

-Kt lun : C hai im M tha mn yu cu bi ton .
|
.
|

\
|
+ 2 2 ;
2
1
2
1
M ; |
.
|

\
|
+ 2 2 ;
2
1
2
2
M

V d 2.(DB-2007). Cho hm s ( )
1
1
1 1
x
y C
x x
= =
+ +

1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C)
2. Lp phng trnh tip tuyn d ca (C) sao cho d v hai tim cn ct nhau to
thnh mt tam gic cn .
GII
1. Hc sinh t v th (C)
2.Gi d l tip tuyn ca (C) ti im ( )
0 0
; M x y , th d :
( )
( )
0 0 0 2
0
0
1 1
1
1
1
y x x y y
x
x
| |
= + =
|
+
+
\ .

- Nu d ct tim cn ng : x = -1 ti im B :
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0
0 0 2
0 0 0 0
0
1 1 1 1
1 1;
1 1 1 1
1
B
x x x
y x y B
x x x x
x
| |

= + = + =
|
|
+ + + +
+
\ .

- Khi d ct tim cn ngang : y=1 ti im A , th :
( )
( ) ( )
0 0 0 0 2
0
1
1 2 1 2 1;1
1
A A
x x y x x A x
x
= + = + +
+

- Goi giao hai tim cn l I(-1;1) . Tam gic IAB l tam gic cn khi : IA = IB

=
+

+ =
+

|
|
.
|

\
|

= + =
2 2 1
1
1
2 2 1
1
1
1
1
1
) 2 2 (
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0 2
0
2 2
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x IB IA

= =
= =

= +
= + +

3
2
2
0 0
0 2
) ( 0 2 2
0 0
0 0
0
2
0
0
2
0
y x
y x
x x
VN x x

Vi x = 0 v y = 0 , ta c tip tuyn : y = x
Vi x = -2 v y = 2/3 , ta c tip tuyn : y = x+8/3 .



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14
V d 3. Cho hm s
2
3 2

=
x
x
y
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2. Cho M l im bt k trn (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct cc ng tim cn
ca (C) ti A v B. Gi I l giao im ca cc ng tim cn. Tm to im M sao
cho ng trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB c din tch nh nht.
GII
1. Hc sinh t v th (C).
2. Ta c: 2 x ,
2 x
3 x 2
; x M
0
0
0
0
=
|
|
.
|

\
|

,
( )
2
0
0
2 x
1
) x ( ' y

=
Phng trnh tip tuyn vi ( C) ti M c dng:
( ) 2 x
3 x 2
) x x (
2 x
1
y :
0
0
0 2
0

= A
To giao im A, B ca ( ) A v hai tim cn l:
( ) 2 ; 2 x 2 B ;
2 x
2 x 2
; 2 A
0
0
0

|
|
.
|

\
|

Ta thy
M 0
0 B A
x x
2
2 x 2 2
2
x x
= =
+
=
+
,
M
0
0 B A
y
2 x
3 x 2
2
y y
=

=
+

suy ra M l trung im ca AB.
Mt khc I = (2; 2) v tam gic IAB vung ti I nn ng trn ngoi tip tam gic
IAB c din tch
S = t >
(

+ t =
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

+ t = t 2
) 2 x (
1
) 2 x ( 2
2 x
3 x 2
) 2 x ( IM
2
0
2
0
2
0
0 2
0
2

Du = xy ra khi

=
=

=
3 x
1 x
) 2 x (
1
) 2 x (
0
0
2
0
2
0

Do c hai im M cn tm l M(1; 1) v M(3; 3)
BI TP.
Bi 1. Cho hm s
2
3 2

=
x
x
y
1. Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2. Cho M l im bt k trn (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct cc ng tim cn ca
(C) ti A v B. Gi I l giao im ca cc ng tim cn. Tm to im M sao
cho ng trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB c din tch nh nht.
Bi 2. Cho hm s
2
2 3
+
+
=
x
x
y c th (C)
1.Kho st s bin thin v v th (C) ca hm s.
2.Gi M l im bt k trn (C). Tip tuyn ca (C) ti M ct cc ng tim cn ca
(C) ti A v B. Gi I l giao im ca cc ng tim cn. Tm ta M sao cho
ng trn ngoi tip tam gic IAB c din tch nh nht.