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CDMA

CDMA link Budget


fill in GREEN fields
YELLOW fields calculate automatically
Step 1. Basic Business Plan Details (forecast for each year)
Year
Population
Penetration, %
#Customers
BH Erl/Cust
Total BH erl

Launch

3,886,000

0.05%
1,781
0.1
178.1

0.00%
0
0
0.0

0.00%
0
0
0.0

0.00%
0
0
0.0

0.00%
0
0
0.0

0.00%
0
0
0.0

2. Enter building penetration loss and standard deviations from measurements.

Composite Probability Of Service & Required Fade Margin


Environment
Type
("morphology")
Dense Urban
Urban
Suburban
Rural
Highway

Building
Building
Outdoor Composite
Median
Std. Dev, Std. Dev,
Standard
Deviation
Loss, dB
dB
dB.
20
10
9
13.45
15
9
8
12.04
15
8
8
11.31
10
8
8
11.31
8
6
8
10.00

Fraction of
Area FU

Desired Reliability at
Cell Edge, %
75.0%
75.0%
75.0%
75.0%
75.0%

Fade
Margin

Mean Signal
Xbar

Rx
Threshold
Xo

Std
deviation
Sigma

Cell Edge
Probability
Pxo

Fade
Path loss
Margin,
Exponent
dB.
9.07
4
8.12
4
7.63
3.8
7.63
3.6
6.74
3

e (constant)

Prop Loss
Coeffic. N

Dense Urban

87.4%

9.074

-107.63

-116.7

13.45

75.0% 2.7182818

4.0

Urban

88.1%

8.122

-108.58

-116.7

12.04

75.0% 2.7182818

4.0

Suburban

88.2%

7.631

-109.07

-116.7

11.31

75.0% 2.7182818

3.8

Rural

87.8%

7.631

-109.07

-116.7

11.31

75.0% 2.7182818

3.6

Highway

87.4%

6.745

-109.96

-116.7

10.00

75.0% 2.7182818

3.0

Dense

Urban

3. Construct Link Budgets

Reverse Link Budget


Term or Factor
MS TX Power (dbm) (+)
MS antenna gain and body loss (+/-)
MS EIRP (dBm) (+)
Fade Margin, (dB) (-)
Soft Handoff Gain (dB) (+)
Ambient Noise (-)
Receiver Interf. Margin (dB) (-)
Building Penetration Loss (dB) (-)
BTS RX antenna gain (dBi) (+)
BTS cable loss (dB) (-)
kTB
BTS noise figure (dB)

Given
25.14
0

25.14
-9.07
4
-2
-3
-20.00
17
-3
-113.1
6.5

Page 1

25.14
-8.12
4
-2
-3
-15.00
17
-3

Suburban

25.14
-7.63
4
-2
-3
-15.00
17
-3

Rural

25.14
-7.63
4
-2
-3
-10.00
17
-3

Highway

25.14
-6.74
4
-2
-3
-8.00
17
-3

CDMA

Eb/Nt (dB)

5.9

Processing Gain
BTS RX sensitivity (dBm) (-)
Survivable Uplink Path Loss (dB) (+)

21.1
-121.8
130.9

-121.8
136.8

-121.8
137.3

-121.8
142.3

-121.8
145.2

Forward Link Budget


Term or Factor
BTS TX power (dBm) (+)
BTS TX power (watts)
% Power for traffic channels
Number of Traffic Channels in use
BTS cable loss (dB) (-)
BTS TX antenna gain (dBi) (+)
BTS EIRP/traffic channel (dBm) (+,-)
Fade margin (dB) (-)
Receiver interference margin (db) (-)
ambient Noise (-)
Building Penetration Loss (dB) (-)
MS antenna gain & body loss (dB) (+,-)
kTB (dBm/14.4 KHz.)
Subscriber RX noise figure (dB)
Eb/Nt (dB)
Processing Gain
Subscriber RX sensitivity (dBm) (-)

Given

Dense
48
63.10
74.0%
19
-3
17
47.9
-9.07
-3
-2
-20.0
0

Which link is dominant?


What advantage, dB?

48
63.10
74.0%
19
-3
17
47.9
-8.12
-3
-2
-15.0
0

Suburban
48
63.10
74.0%
19
-3
17
47.9
-7.63
-3
-2
-15.0
0

-116.7

-116.7

130.5

136.5

Rural
48
63.10
74.0%
19
-3
17
47.9
-7.63
-3
-2
-10.0
0

Highway
48
63.10
74.0%
19
-3
17
47.9
-6.74
-3
-2
-8.0
0

-116.7

-116.7

-116.7

137.0

142.0

144.9

-113.1
10.5
7
21.1

Survivable Downlink Path Loss, dB (+)


Forward/Reverse Link Balance

Urban

Dense
Urban
Reverse
0.3

Urban
Reverse
0.3

Suburban
Reverse
0.3

Rural
Reverse
0.3

Highway
Reverse
0.3

4. Explore propagation model to figure coverage radius of cell.


Frequency, MHz.
Subscriber Antenna Height, M

Base Station Antenna Height, M

Environmental Correction, dB
Coverage Radius, kM
Coverage Radius, Miles

800
1.5
Dense
Urban
30

Urban
Suburban
30
30

Rural
30

Highway
40

Dense
Urban

Urban
-2

-5

Suburban
-8

Rural
-10

Highway
-11

1.71
1.06

3.07
1.91

7.25
4.51

11.46
7.12

17.68
10.99

5. Calculate number of cells required for coverage, ignoring traffic considerations.

Covered Area of this type, kM^2

Dense
Urban
55

Urban
Suburban
450
1700

Page 2

Rural
3400

Total
Highway
# Cells
1400 Required

CDMA

One cell's coverage in this zone, kM^2


# Cells required to cover zone

9.21
6.0

29.69
15.2

165.26
10.3

412.69
8.2

982.36 for System


1.4
41.1

6. What is the traffic capacity (in erlangs) of your chosen BTS configuration, year-by-year?
Year
Erlangs which one BTS can carry

Launch
18.3

2
1

5
1

7, 8. What is the total busy-hour erlang traffic on your system? How many BTS are required?
Year
Total System Busy-Hour Erlangs
Capacity of One BTS, erlangs
# BTS required to handle all the traffic

Launch
178.1
18.3
9.7

2
0.0
1
0.0

3
0.0
1
0.0

4
0.0
1
0.0

5
0.0
1
0.0

0.0
1
0.0

9. Examine your market, #BTS required for coverage and capacity; estimate total
number of BTS required.
Year
#BTS req'd just to achieve coverage
#BTS required just to carry traffic

Launch
41.1
9.7

Estimated total #BTS required

41.1
0.0

41.1
0.0

41.1
0.0

41.1
0.0

41.1
0.0

42.2

42.2

42.2

42.2

42.2

42.2

800 mHz band format:


69.55
69.55
69.55
69.55
75.94483406 75.944834 75.944834 75.944834
-20.41381574 -20.41382 -20.41382 -20.41382
-9.639476 -9.639476
0.000919047 0.000919 0.000919 0.000919
125.0819374 125.08194 115.44246 115.44246

69.55
75.944834
-22.14047
-9.639476
0.000919
113.71581

Scratchpad Area
for propagation model:

1900 mHz band format:


46.3
46.3

46.3

46.3

Okumura-Hata terms
constant term
20 log Fmhz
BTS ht correction factor
suburban or rural correction
-9.639476
Ahm correction factor (mobile ht)
sum of all excluding distance term, valid if d=1 km

COST231-Hata terms
46.3 constant term

Page 3

CDMA

98.41475056 98.414751 98.414751


-20.41381574 -20.41382 -20.41382
-9.639476
0.000919047 0.000919 0.000919
124.3018539 124.30185 114.66238

98.414751
-20.41382
-9.639476
0.000919
114.66238

98.414751
-22.14047
-9.639476
0.000919
112.93572

20 log Fmhz
BTS ht correction factor
suburban or rural correction
Ahm correction factor (mobile ht)
-7.468919
sum of all terms excluding distance term, valid if d=1 km

dense urban
urban
suburban rural
highway
122.3018539 119.30185 106.66238 104.66238 101.93572 total attenuation not including distance term
130.5
136.5
137.0
142.0
144.9 worst-direction available link budget excess to treat as allowa
8.2
17.2
30.3
37.3
42.9 delta DB: path loss at one km is this much lower than max pe
35.22485578 35.224856 35.224856 35.224856 34.406507 slope (db/decade) of signal decay as function of distance at th
1.71
3.07
7.25
11.46
17.68 distance, km. to consume all available excess signal

Page 4

CDMA

Area
Reliability %
87.4%
88.1%
88.2%
87.8%
87.4%

Calc Const. A Calc Const. B


-0.476936276

0.913040448

-0.476936276

1.020106004

-0.476936276

1.031449394

-0.476936276

0.977162584

-0.476936276

0.921277720

Formula

A
B
C
C1
D
E
F
G
H
I

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CDMA

J
L
H+I+J-L
A+B+C+C1+D+
E+F+G-(H+I+J-

Formula

A
B
C
C1
D
E

F
A+B+C+C1+
D+E-F

Page 6

CDMA

-134.479152

valid if d=1 km

Page 7

CDMA

term, valid if d=1 km

excess to treat as allowable propagation loss


s much lower than max permissible path loss
s function of distance at this BTS height
ble excess signal

Page 8

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