TITLE: A STUDY ON ABSENTEEISM AMONG THE EMPLOYEES Research Problem Organization is paying handsome wages, bonus, gratuity, improved

working condition, adequate, welfare facilities, modern machine etc. Even though all those facilities are given to the workers, there is a constantly increased rate of absenteeism. The absenteeism problem cant be fully eradicated, but one can minimize this problem. OBJECTIVES TO STUDY OF ABSENTEEISM To find out the reasons of absenteeism. To find out the effect of absenteeism on work life of the employees To suggest suitable remedies to solve the problem related to absenteeism. To analyze the reason for the absenteeism. To measure the Employees Absenteeism level. To identify steps required to decrease the Absenteeism. To identify factors that motivates the Employees, which minimize Absenteeism.

Absent seem of employees Dependent Variable: Absentees Independent Variable 1. Salary

2. Current Position (1- worker, 2- Supervisor,3-Sub Officer, 4- Officer) (1= low,5= highest) 3. Type of work ( 1- Workers, 2- Supervisor,3- officer ) 4. Facilities (1- Few facilities,2-Middle, 3- All facilities) 5. Benefits same as facilities.

Sr. No

Absentiseem Salary

Current position

Type of work 1 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 3

Facilities

Working Hour

Benefits

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

5 2 3 1 7 2 5 4 4 7 3 3 4 1 1

10000 15000 12000 20000 9000 15000 10000 12000 11000 8000 14000 14000 12000 16000 17000

2 3 2 4 1 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 4

2 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 3

7 6 7 6 8 6 7 7 7 8 7 7 7 6 6

2 1 2 1 3 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 1

Correlations Correlations Absentisse m Absentissem Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Salary Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Position Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Work Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Facilities Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Hour Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .001 .005 .000 .016 15 .006 15 .003 15 .034 15 15 -.685** .005 15 1 .005 15 1.000** .000 15 .000 15 .000 15 .705** 15 .548* .034 15 .001 15 .001 15 -.685** .000 15 .000 15 15 .865** .000 15 1 .003 15 .000 15 .000 15 -.781** .000 15 15 .000 15 .000 15 .006 15 .000 15 .000 15 -.943** 15 -.936** .000 15 1 .000 15 .000 15 .016 15 .000 15 .000 15 -.871** Salary Position Work Facilities Hour 1 -.936** -.917** -.908** -.610* .938** Benefities .938**

.908** .899**

.672** -.871**

-.917** .908**

1 .865**

.705** -.943**

-.908** .899**

.548* -.781**

-.610* .672**

1 -.685**

.938** -.871**

-.943** -.781**

N Benefities Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N

15

15

15

15

15

15

15 1

.938** -.871**

-.943** -.781**

-.685** 1.000*
*

.000 15

.000 15

.000 15

.001 15

.005 15

.000 15 15

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Regression Variables Entered/Removed Variables Model 1 Entered Benefities, Facilities, Work, Salary, Positiona a. Tolerance = .000 limits reached. Variables Removed Method . Enter

Model Summary Adjusted R Model 1 R .988a R Square .976 Square .963 Std. Error of the Estimate .375

a. Predictors: (Constant), Benefities, Facilities, Work, Salary, Position

ANOVAb Model 1 Regression Sum of Squares 52.467 df 5 Mean Square 10.493 F 74.590 Sig. .000a

Residual Total

1.266 53.733

9 14

.141

a. Predictors: (Constant), Benefities, Facilities, Work, Salary, Position b. Dependent Variable: Absentissem

Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1 (Constant) Salary Position Work Facilities Benefities B 1.397 .000 .745 -1.222 .206 2.261 Std. Error 1.768 .000 .409 .371 .240 .475 -.245 .375 -.439 .065 .780 Coefficients Beta t .790 -1.576 1.823 -3.298 .858 4.761 Sig. .450 .150 .102 .009 .413 .001

a. Dependent Variable: Absentissem

Excluded Variablesb Collinearity Partial Model 1 Hour Beta In .a t . Sig. . Correlation . Statistics Tolerance .000

a. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Benefities, Facilities, Work, Salary, Position b. Dependent Variable: Absentissem

Regression Variables Entered/Removeda Variables Model 1 Entered Hour Variables Removed Method . Stepwise (Criteria: Probability-ofF-to-enter <= .050, Probability-ofF-to-remove >= .100). 2 Work . Stepwise (Criteria: Probability-ofF-to-enter <= .050, Probability-ofF-to-remove >= .100). a. Dependent Variable: Absentissem

Model Summary Adjusted R Model 1 2 R .938a .980b R Square .880 .960 Square .871 .953 Std. Error of the Estimate .703 .425

a. Predictors: (Constant), Hour b. Predictors: (Constant), Hour, Work

ANOVAc Model 1 Regression Residual Total 2 Regression Residual Total a. Predictors: (Constant), Hour b. Predictors: (Constant), Hour, Work c. Dependent Variable: Absentissem Sum of Squares 47.306 6.427 53.733 51.564 2.169 53.733 df 1 13 14 2 12 14 25.782 .181 142.624 .000b Mean Square 47.306 .494 F 95.686 Sig. .000a

Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1 (Constant) Hour 2 (Constant) Hour Work B -15.021 2.719 -5.669 1.700 -1.254 Std. Error 1.899 .278 2.243 .269 .258 .587 -.450 .938 Coefficients Beta t -7.911 9.782 -2.528 6.322 -4.853 Sig. .000 .000 .027 .000 .000

a. Dependent Variable: Absentissem

Excluded Variablesc Collinearity Partial Model 1 Salary Position Work Facilities Benefities 2 Salary Position Facilities Benefities Beta In -.490a -.293a -.450a .060a .a -.164b .377b .072b .b t -3.354 -1.017 -4.853 .443 . -.970 1.861 .896 . Sig. .006 .329 .000 .665 . .353 .090 .390 . Correlation -.696 -.282 -.814 .127 . -.281 .489 .261 . Statistics Tolerance .241 .110 .391 .531 .000 .118 .068 .531 .000

a. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Hour b. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Hour, Work c. Dependent Variable: Absentissem

Regression Variables Entered/Removedb Variables Model 1 Entered Benefities, Facilities, Work, Salary, Positiona Variables Removed Method . Enter

. Facilities

Backward (criterion: Probability of F-to-remove >= .100).

. Salary

Backward (criterion: Probability of F-to-remove >= .100).

a. Tolerance = .000 limits reached. b. Dependent Variable: Absentissem

Model Summary Adjusted R Model 1 2 3 R .988a .987b .985c R Square .976 .975 .969 Square .963 .964 .961 Std. Error of the Estimate .375 .370 .387

a. Predictors: (Constant), Benefities, Facilities, Work, Salary, Position b. Predictors: (Constant), Benefities, Work, Salary, Position c. Predictors: (Constant), Benefities, Work, Position

ANOVAd Model 1 Regression Residual Sum of Squares 52.467 1.266 df 5 9 Mean Square 10.493 .141 F 74.590 Sig. .000a

Total 2 Regression Residual Total 3 Regression Residual Total

53.733 52.364 1.370 53.733 52.083 1.650 53.733

14 4 10 14 3 11 14 17.361 .150 115.741 .000c 13.091 .137 95.576 .000b

a. Predictors: (Constant), Benefities, Facilities, Work, Salary, Position b. Predictors: (Constant), Benefities, Work, Salary, Position c. Predictors: (Constant), Benefities, Work, Position d. Dependent Variable: Absentissem

Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1 (Constant) Salary Position Work Facilities Benefities B 1.397 .000 .745 -1.222 .206 2.261 Std. Error 1.768 .000 .409 .371 .240 .475 -.245 .375 -.439 .065 .780 Coefficients Beta t .790 -1.576 1.823 -3.298 .858 4.761 Sig. .450 .150 .102 .009 .413 .001

(Constant) Salary Position Work Benefities

1.565 .000 .835 -1.307 2.267 .350 .750 -1.600 2.450

1.734 .000 .390 .352 .468 1.582 .403 .300 .472 .377 -.575 .846 -.213 .420 -.469 .783

.902 -1.431 2.142 -3.709 4.840 .221 1.861 -5.333 5.194

.388 .183 .058 .004 .001 .829 .090 .000 .000

(Constant) Position Work Benefities

a. Dependent Variable: Absentissem

Excluded Variablesd Collinearity Partial Model 1 2 Hour Hour Facilities 3 Hour Facilities Salary Beta In .a .b .065b .c .036c -.213c T . . .858 . .463 -1.431 Sig. . . .413 . .653 .183 Correlation . . .275 . .145 -.412 Statistics Tolerance .000 .000 .460 .000 .488 .115

a. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Benefities, Facilities, Work, Salary, Position b. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Benefities, Work, Salary, Position c. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Benefities, Work, Position

Excluded Variablesd Collinearity Partial Model 1 2 Hour Hour Facilities 3 Hour Facilities Salary Beta In .a .b .065b .c .036c -.213c T . . .858 . .463 -1.431 Sig. . . .413 . .653 .183 Correlation . . .275 . .145 -.412 Statistics Tolerance .000 .000 .460 .000 .488 .115

a. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Benefities, Facilities, Work, Salary, Position b. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Benefities, Work, Salary, Position c. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Benefities, Work, Position d. Dependent Variable: Absentissem

Regression Variables Entered/Removeda Variables Model 1 Entered Hour Variables Removed Method . Forward (Criterion: Probability-ofF-to-enter <= .050)

Work

. Forward (Criterion: Probability-ofF-to-enter <= .050)

a. Dependent Variable: Absentissem

Model Summary Adjusted R Model 1 2 R .938a .980b R Square .880 .960 Square .871 .953 Std. Error of the Estimate .703 .425

a. Predictors: (Constant), Hour b. Predictors: (Constant), Hour, Work

ANOVAc Model 1 Regression Residual Total 2 Regression Residual Total a. Predictors: (Constant), Hour Sum of Squares 47.306 6.427 53.733 51.564 2.169 53.733 df 1 13 14 2 12 14 25.782 .181 142.624 .000b Mean Square 47.306 .494 F 95.686 Sig. .000a

b. Predictors: (Constant), Hour, Work c. Dependent Variable: Absentissem

Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1 (Constant) Hour 2 (Constant) Hour Work B -15.021 2.719 -5.669 1.700 -1.254 Std. Error 1.899 .278 2.243 .269 .258 .587 -.450 .938 Coefficients Beta t -7.911 9.782 -2.528 6.322 -4.853 Sig. .000 .000 .027 .000 .000

a. Dependent Variable: Absentissem

Excluded Variablesc Collinearity Partial Model 1 Salary Position Work Facilities Benefities 2 Salary Position Facilities Beta In -.490a -.293a -.450a .060a .a -.164b .377b .072b t -3.354 -1.017 -4.853 .443 . -.970 1.861 .896 Sig. .006 .329 .000 .665 . .353 .090 .390 Correlation -.696 -.282 -.814 .127 . -.281 .489 .261 Statistics Tolerance .241 .110 .391 .531 .000 .118 .068 .531

Benefities

.b

.000

a. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Hour b. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), Hour, Work c. Dependent Variable: Absentissem

Analysis of Multiple Linear Regressions Correlation Analysis From the calculation table it is observed that except for production all other variable are highly correlated, worth abseneiseem of employees. This means the select variable are a fairly good set of independent variables. (Salary, type of work, facilities, working hour, Benefits, Current position of employees or worker). Since the correlation table indicated one to one correlation each other, still it is required to study the independent variable through multiple linear regression, especially in the case of the variable having low correlation for better understanding of the relationship between the variables. Here multiple regression analysis indicates which independent variables are really very significant by eliminatory some of the independent variables, as they may not add value to the regression model. Regression Analysis The general multiple linear regression models is given by Y= a + b1x1 + b2x2 + b3x3 +b4x4 +. + bnxn. For this case multiple linear regression models may be, Abseneiseem = a+b1 (Salary) +b2 (Current position) + b3 (type of work) +b4 (Facilities) +b5 (Working hour) + b6 (Benefits) Where a= 1.397, b1=0.000, b2=0.745, b3= -1.222 b4= 0.206, b6= 2.261

The regression report model is Abseneiseem = 1.397 + 0.000(Salary) + 0.745 (Current Position) + (-1.222) (Type of work) + 0.206 (Facilities) + 2.261 (benefities). Before adopting this model we need to look at the statistical significance of the model and the R2 value. From the ANOVA table, p value = 0.000 < 0.05 there = 0.05 Therefore model is statistically significant. Far other from model summary table R2 = 98% this means that the significance variables considered for the analysis can explain the income to the extent of 98%. Above from the table of coefficient it can be observed that the two independent variables type of work and working hour are as significant as p-value for both the independent variables are <o.o5. However if it try to apply the model as above, it means in effect the abseneiseem will increase in a territory of the working hour increase of if the salary increase or of the level current position actively decreases or of the providing facilities. And if salary increase the estimated increase in income for person increase or decrease in these variables is given by the coefficients of the respective variables for instance of the number of income of person increase b 1, salary are estimated to increase by 1.09 of all other variable are unchanged. Prediction: Given the level of all the six independent variables, the regression model can be used for the prediction of income for the regression model can be revised by minimizing or eliminating the independent variable which are not statistically significant. For this we may adopt either 1. Forward stepwise regression model or 2. Backward stepwise regression model.

Forward Stepwise Regression From the report we can see that there are only two independent variable entered in defining the regression model, which is working hour and type of work. Also from the coefficient table, the regression model can be developed as abseneiseem = (-15.021) + 2.719 (working hour) + (-1.254) type of work further to check the statistical significant of the refer to ANOVA table. From the ANOVA table we can say that the regression model developed is significant as p value = 0.000 > 0.05 further from the model summary table, R2 = 0.98% which means the dependent variable , yield can be explained by 98% by only these three variable that is working hour and type of work. Therefore Regression Model that can be used for predictions is Abseneiseem = (-15.021) + 2.719 (working hour) + (-1.254) type of work. It is evident from the regression model that increases in the income of employees or person.