Lời Nói Đầu: Đồ Án Cung Cấp Điện Gvhd:Th.S Phạm Anh Tuân

n cung cp in GVHD:Th.
s Phm Anh Tun

SVTH:Nguyn Quc Hong Page 1

LI NI U
Ngy nay, trong xu th hi nhp, qu trnh cng nghip ha hin i ha
t nc ang din ra mt cch mnh m. Trong qu trnh pht trin , in
nng ng vai tr rt quan trng. N l mt dng nng lng c bit, c rt
nhiu u im nh: d chuyn ha thnh cc dng nng lng khc( nh c
nng, ha nng, nhit nng), d dng truyn ti v phn phi Do ngy
nay in nng c s dng rng ri trong hu ht cc lnh vc ca i sng,
Cng vi xu hng pht trin mnh m ca nn kinh t, i sng x hi ngy
cng c nng cao, nhu cu s dng in nng trong cc lnh vc cng
nghip, nng nghip, dch v, tng ln khng ngng. m bo nhng nhu
cu to ln , chng ta phi c mt h thng cung cp in an ton v tin cy.
Vi: Thit k h thng cung cp in cho phn xng c kh, sau
mt thi gian lm n, di s hng dn ca thy Th.s Phm Anh Tun .
n nay, v c bn em hon thnh ni dung n mn hc ny. Do trnh
v thi gian c hn nn khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, em rt mong
c s ch bo, chm chc, gip ca cc thy c bi lm ny ca em
c hon thin hn. ng thi gip em nng cao trnh chuyn mn, p
ng nhim v cng tc sau ny.
Em xin chn thnh cm n !
H Ni, thng 05 nm 2012
Sinh vin thc hin
Nguyn Quc Hong
Lp 4-H3

n cung cp in GVHD:Th.s Phm Anh Tun


THIT K CUNG CP IN
Bi 19A
Thit k cung cp in cho mt phn xng sn xut cng nghip
Sinh vin: Nguyn Quc Hong
Lp : 4-H3
Tn n: Phn xng c kh N
0
3
Thi gian thc hin:
A. D liu
Thit k mng in cung cp cho mt phn xng c kh vi s liu cho
trong bng s liu thit k cp in phn xng.T l ph ti in I l 60% .
Hao tn in p cho php trong mng in h p U
cp
= 5%, H s cng
sut cn nng ln l cos = 0,90. H s chit khu i= 12%. Cng sut ngn
mch ti im u in S
k
=310 MVA; Thi gian tn ti ca dng ngn
mch t
k
= 2,5 s. Gi thnh tn tht in nng c
= 1500 /kWh; sut thit hi

do mt in g
th
= 10000 /kWh. n gi t b l 14010
3
/kVAr, chi ph
vn hnh t bng 2% vn u t, sut tn tht trong t P
b
= 0,0025
kW/kVAr. Gi in trung bnh g=1400 /kWh. in p li phn phi l
22kV.
Thi gian s dng cng sut cc i T
M
= 4000 (h). Chiu cao nh xng
H= 4,2 m. Khong cch t ngun n phn xng L= 200 m.
S hiu Tn thit b H s
cos Cng sut t P,kW theo cc

phng n A
1;7;10;20;31 Qut gi
0,35 0,67 3; 4; 5,5; 6; 6
2;3 My bin p hn = 0,64
0,32 0,58 7,5; 10
4;19;27 Cn cu 10T, = 0,4
0,23 0,65 11; 22; 30
5;8 My khoan ng
0,26 0,66 2,8; 5,5
6;25;29 My mi
0,42 0,62 1,1; 2,2;4,5
9;15 My tin ren
0,3 0,58 2,8; 5,5
11;16 My bo dc
0,41 0,63 10; 12
12;13;14 My tin ren
0,45 0,67 6,5; 8;10
17 Ca c kh
0,37 0,7 1,5
18;28 Qut gi
0,45 0,83 8,5;12
21;22;23;24 Bn lp rp v th
nghim
0,53 0,69 10; 12; 16; 18


26;30 My p quay
0,35 0,54 5,5; 7,5



Chng I : Tnh ton chiu sng cho phn xng

Trong thit k chiu sng, vn quan trng nht phi quan tm l p ng
cc yu cu v ri v hiu qu ca chiu sng i vi th gic. Ngoi ri,
hiu qu ca chiu sng cn ph thuc vo quang thng, mu sc nh sng, s la
chn hp l cng s b tr chiu sng va m bo tnh kinh t v m quan hon
cnh. Thit k chiu sng phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
- Khng b lo mt
- Khng lo do phn x
- Khng c bng ti
- Phi c ri ng u
- Phi m bo sng v n nh
- Phi to ra c nh sng ging nh sng ban ngy.
Cc h thng chiu sng bao gm chiu sng chung, chiu sng cc b v
chiu sng kt hp ( kt hp gia cc b v chung ) . Do yu cu th gic cn phi
lm vic chnh xc, ni m cc thit b cn chiu sng mt phng nghing v
khng to ra cc bng ti su thit k cho phn xng thng s dng h thng
chiu sng kt hp.
Chn loi bng n chiu sng: gm 2 loi: bng n si t v bng n
hunh quang. Cc phn xng thng t dung n hunh quang v n hunh
quang c tn s l 50Hz thng gy ra o gic khng quay cho cc ng c khng
ng b, nguy him cho ngi vn hnh my, d gy ra tai nn lao ng. Do
ngi ta thng s dng n si t cho cc phn xng sa cha c kh.
Vic b tr n kh n gin, thng c b tr theo cc gc ca hnh vung
hoc hnh ch nht .
Thit k chiu sng cho phn xng c kh sa cha c kch thc a.b.H l
36.24.4,2m , Coi trn nh mu trng , tng mu vng , sn nh mu sm ,vi
ri yu cu l E
yc
= 50 lux .
Theo biu Kruithof ng vi ri 50lux nhit mu cn thit l
s cho mi trng nh sng tin nghi .Mt khc v l xng sa
cha c nhiu my in quay nn ta dng n si t vi cng sut l 200W vi
quang thng l F= 3000 lumen .( bng 45,pl)


h

h
H

Chn cao treo n l : h = 0,7 m ;
Chiu cao mt bng lm vic l : h
lv
= 0,8 m ;
Chiu cao tnh ton l :
h = H h
lv
= 4,2 0,8 = 3,4 m ;
T s treo n:

3
1
17 , 0
7 , 0 4 , 3
7 , 0
'
'
< =
+
=
+
=
h h
h
j
=> tha mn yu cu.
Vi loi n dng chiu sng cho
phn xng sn xut nn chn khong cch gia cc n c xc nh l
L/h =1,5 (bng 12,4) tc l:
L = 1,5. h = 1,5.3,4 = 5,1 m.
Cn c vo kch thc phn xng ta chn khong cch gia cc n l L
d

= 4 mt v L
n
= 4 mt => q=2; p=2;
-Kim tra iu kin:

hay
2
4
2
3
4
s < v
2
4
2
3
4
s < =>tha mn
Nh vy l b tr n l hp l.
Vy s lng n ti thiu m bo ng u chiu sng l N
min
= 54;
H s khng gian:
23 , 4
) 24 36 .( 4 , 3
24 . 36
) (
.
=
+
=
+
=
b a h
b a
k
kg

Cn c c im ca ni tht chiu sng c th coi h s phn x ca
trn:tng l 50:30 (bng 2.12). Tra bng 47.pl (TK1) ph lc ng vi h s phn
x nu trn v h s khng gian l k
kg
=4,23 ta tm c h s li dng k
ld

= 0,6; H s d tr ly bng k
dt
=1,2; h s hiu dng ca n l 58 , 0 = q . Xc
nh quang thng tng:

5172 , 148965
6 , 0 . 58 , 0
2 , 1 . 36 . 24 . 50
k .
k . S . E
F
ld
dt yc
= =
q
=
(lumen)


S lng n ti thiu l:

54 N 655 , 49
3000
5172 , 148965
F
F
N
min
d
= < = = =

Nh vy tng s n cn lp t l 54.Ta b tr 6 dy n mi dy 9 bng,khong
cch gia cc bng n l 4.theo chiu rng v ngang ca phn xng .Khong
cch t tng phn xng n dy n l 2 m theo c chiu rng v ngang

Kim tra ri thc t:

375 , 54
2 , 1 . 24 . 36
6 , 0 . 58 , 0 . 54 . 3000
. b . a
k . . N . F
E
dt
ld d
= =
o
q
= (lux)>E
yc
=50lux
Trong :

:quang thng ca n
36 m
24 m
4 m
2 m
4m
2m


N:s lng bng n

h s li dng quang thng cu n H

H,D:chiu di v chiu su ca phn xng

h s d tr,thng ly bng 1,2-1,3

Ngoi chiu sng chung cn trang b thm cho mi my 1 n cng sut
100 W chiu sng cc b, cho 2 phng thay v 2 phng v sinh mi phng 1
bng 100 W.Nh vy cn tt c 34 bng dng cho chiu sng cc b.



CHNG II: TNH TON PH TI IN

D kin ti quan trng ca bi ton thit k cung cp in l ph ti
in. Vic xc nh chnh xc gi tr ph ti cho php la chn ng thit b v s
cung cp in, m bo tnh kinh t - k thut ca h thng cung cp in.
Cc nhn t cng sut, loi v v tr ca cc thit b tiu th cho php xc
nh cu trc s v cc tham s ca cc phn t h thng cung cp in.
Thng trong d kin bi ton thit k cho bit cng sut t ca cc thit b tiu
th in, tuy nhin s t nng cc phn t v cc thit b in cn ph thuc c
vo ch lm vic ca cc h dng inn v vy cn phi xem xt ph ti theo c
dng in I, cng sut tc dng P, cng sut phn khng Q v cng sut ton phn
S.
Vic la chn cc thit b, cc phn t ca h thng cung cp in c
thc hin da trn kt qu tnh ton ph ti. Sai s ca bi ton xc nh ph ti c
th dn n vic la chn s thiu chnh xc, dn n gim st cc ch tiu kinh
t-k thut ca h thng cung cp in. Nu kt qu tnh ton ln hn so vi gi
tr thc th s dn n s lng ph vn u t, cc thit b c la chn khng
lm vic ht cng sut, dn n hiu qu thp; Nu kt qu tnh ton nh hn gi
tr thc, th s dn n s lm vic qu ti ca cc thit b, khng s dng ht kh
nng ca cc thit b cng ngh, lm gim nng sut, lm tng tn tht in nng
v gim tui th ca cc thit b in. Nh vy bi ton xc nh ph ti l giai
on ti quan trng ca qu trnh thit k cung cp in.
2.1. Ph ti chiu sng .
Tng cng sut chiu sng chung (coi h s ng thi k
t
=1).
P
cs chung
= k
t
.N .P
d
= 1.54.200 = 10800 W =10,8 kw
Chiu sng cc b :
P
cb
= 32.100+4.50= 3400 W = 3,4 kw
Vy tng cng sut chiu sng l:
P
cs
= P
cs chung
+ P
cb
= 10800 + 3400 = 14200 W = 14,2 kW
V n dng si t nn h s cos ca nhm chiu sng l 1
2.2 Ph ti tnh ton nhm thn thong lm mt


Lu lng gi ti cn cp vo xng l: L= V K
Trong :
L: lu lng khng kh cp vo phn xng (m
3
/h)
K:bi s tun hon (ln/gi)
V:th tch gian my (m
3
T bng s liu ta chn K= 20(ln/gi)
th tch gian my : V= 8 , 3628 2 , 4 36 24 =
Do lu lng gi cp vo phn xng l:
L= 72576 20 8 , 3628 = = V K (m
3
/h)
Vi s liu cho: MODEL : DLHCV40-PG4SF co lng gi 4500
(m
3
/h)
Ta chn q= 4500 m
3
/h => s qut: N
q
=18 qut
Thng s qut ht:

Thit b

Cng sut (W)
Lng gi
(m
3
/h)

S lng

k
sd

cos
Qut ht 300 4500 18 0,7 0,8

-H s nhu cu :

77 , 0
18
7 , 0 1
7 , 0
1
=
+ =
+ =
n
k
k k
sd
sd
nc
qh

-Ph ti tnh ton nhm ph ti thng thong-lm mt:

P= 158 , 4 18 300 77 , 0 = =
dmq nc
P k (kw)

dmq
P :cng sut nh mc ca qut ht (w)
Ngoi ra phn xng cn trang b thm 8 qut trn mi qut c cng sut 120(w)


lm mt vi cos=0,8
Tng cng sut thng thong v lm mt l :
lm
P =4,158+80,12=5,118
2.3. Ph ti tnh ton nhm ng lc :
C nhiu phng php tnh ton ph ti in nh phng php h s nhu cu ,
h s tham gia cc i . i vi vic thit k cung cp in cho phn xng sa
cha c kh , v c cc thng tin chnh xc v mt bng b tr thit b , bit oc
cng sut v qu trnh cng ngh ca tng thit b nn ta s dng phng php h
s nhu cu tng hp nhm ph ti ng lc . Ni dung chnh ca phong php
nh sau :
- Thc hin phn nhm cc thit b c trong xng , mi nhm khong t 7 8
thit b , mi nhm s c cung cp in t 1 t ng lc ring , ly in t 1
t phn phi chung . Cc thit b trong nhm nn c v tr gn nhau trn mt bng
phn xng . Cc thit b trong nhm nn c cng ch lm vic , s lng thit
b trong 1 nhm khng nn qu 8 v gy phc tp trong vn hnh , gim tin cy
cung cp in .
- Xc nh h s s dng tng hp ca nhm thit b theo biu thc sau :

E
sd
k =
i
sdi i
P
k . P
E
E

- Xc nh s lng thit b hiu dng ca mi nhm n
hd
( l 1 s qui i gm
c n
hd
thit b gi nh c cng sut nh mc v ch lm vic nh nhau v tiu
th cng sut ng bng cng sut tiu th ca nhm thit b thc t ) . Cc nhm
y u trn 4 thit b nn ta xc nh t s k
min
max
P
P
= , sau so snh k vi k
b
l
h s ng vi
E
sd
k ca nhm . Nu k > k
b
, ly n
hd
= n , l s lng thit b thc t
ca nhm . Ngc li c th tnh n
hd
theo cng thc sau :
n
hd
=
( )
2
i
2
i
P
P
E
E

- H s nhu cu ca nhm s c xc nh theo biu thc sau :
k
nc
=
E
sd
k +
hd
sd
n
k 1
E

- Cui cng ph ti tnh ton ca c nhm l :


P
tt
= k
nc
.
i
P E
T phn tch, phn xngN
0
3 c phn ra lam 4 nhm (I, II, III, IV) theo
4 phn ca phn xng.
Nhm 1: Bao phm cc ph ti thuc phn t th I

- H s s dng nhm 1
349 . 0
4 . 69
225 . 24 .
1
= =
=
i
sdi i
sdn
P
k P
k

-S lng hiu dng nhm 1:
S hiu Tn Thit B H s Ksd Cos P P*P P*Cos P.ksd
1
Qut gi 0.35 0.67
3 9 2.01 1.05
2
My bin p hn,=0,65 0.32 0.58
7.5 56.25 4.35 2.4
3
My bin p hn,=0,65 0.32 0.58
10 100 5.8 3.2
4
Cn cu 10T,=0,4 0.23 0.65
11 121 7.15 2.53
5
My khoan ng 0.26 0.66
2.8 7.84 1.848 0.728
6
My mi 0.42 0.62
1.1 1.21 0.682 0.462
7
Qut gi 0.35 0.67
4 16 2.68 1.4
8
My khoan ng 0.26 0.66
5.5 30.25 3.63 1.43
12
My tin ren 0.45 0.67
6.5 42.25 4.355 2.925
13
8 64 5.36 3.6
14
10 100 6.7 4.5
Tng
69.4 547.8 44.565 24.225


79 . 8
8 . 547
4 . 69 ) (
2
2
2
1
= =
=
i
i
hdn
P
P
n
-H s nhu cu nhm 1:

569 . 0
79 . 8
349 , 0 1
349 . 0
1
1
1
1 1
=
+ =
+ =
hdn
sdn
sdn ncn
n
k
k k

-Tng cng sut ph ti nhm 1:
49 , 39 4 , 69 569 , 0 .
1 1
= = =
i ncn n
P k P

-H s cng sut ca ph ti nhm 1:

642 , 0
4 , 69
565 , 44

cos . P
cos
i
1
= =
=
i
i
n
P

-Cng sut ton phn :

51 , 61
1
1
= =
Cos
P
S
l
l
( kva )
- Cng sut phn khng:

16 , 47
1
2
1
2
1
= =
l
l
l
p
S
Q ( kvar )

- Nhm 2: Bao phm cc ph ti thuc phn t th II



S hiu Tn thit b
H s
ksd
Cos P P*P P*Cos P.ksd
17
Ca c kh
0.37 0.7 1.5 2.25 1.05 0.555
18
Qut gi
0.45 0.83 8.5 72.25 7.055 3.825
19
Cn cu 10T,=0,4
0.23 0.65 22 484 14.3 5.06
21
Bn lp rp v th nghim
0.53 0.69 10 100 6.9 5.3
22
Bn lp rp v th nghim
0.53 0.69 12 144 8.28 6.36
23
Bn lp rp v th nghim
0.53 0.69 16 256 11.04 8.48
Tng 70 1058.5 48.625 29.58

- H s s dng nhm 2:
423 , 0
70
58 , 29 .
2
= =
=
i
sdi i
sdn
P
k P
k
- S lng hiu dng nhm 2:
63 , 4
5 , 1058
70 ) (
2
2
2
2
= =
=
i
i
hdn
P
P
n
-H s nhu cu nhm 2:
69 , 0
63 , 4
423 , 0 1
423 , 0
1
2
2
2 2
=
+ =
+ =
hdn
sdn
sdn ncn
n
k
k k
- Tng cng sut ph ti nhm 2:

3 , 48 70 69 , 0 .
2 2
= = =
i ncn n
P k P

- H s cng sut ca ph ti nhm 2:
69 , 0
70
625 , 48

cos . P
cos
i
2
= =
=
i
i
n
P

- Cng sut ton phn:


cos
2
3
l
l
P
S = =70 (kva)

Cng sut phn khng:

2
2
2
2
2
dl
dl
dl
Q
p
s
=
=50,6 (kvar)

- Nhm 3: Bao phm cc ph ti thuc phn t th III

S
hiu Tn thit b
H s
ksd Cos P P*P P*Cos P.ksd
9 My tin ren 0.3 0.58 2.8 7.84 1.624 0.84
10 Qut gi 0.35 0.67 5.5 30.25 3.685 1.925
11 My bo dc 0.41 0.63 10 100 6.3 4.1
15 My tin ren 0.3 0.58 5.5 30.25 3.19 1.65
16 My bo dc 0.41 0.63 12 144 7.56 4.92
20 Qut gi 0.35 0.67 6 36 4.02 2.1
tng 41.8 348.34 26.379 15.535

- H s s dng nhm 3:
375 , 0
4 , 41
535 , 15 .
3
= =
=
i
sdi i
sdn
P
k P
k
- S lng hiu dng nhm 3:


02 , 5
34 , 348
8 , 41 ) (
2
2
2
3
= =
=
i
i
hdn
P
P
n
- H s nhu cu nhm 3:
654 , 0
02 , 5
375 , 0 1
375 , 0
1
3
3
3 3
=
+ =
+ =
hdn
sdn
sdn ncn
n
k
k k
-Tng cng sut ph ti nhm 3
34 , 27 8 , 41 654 , 0 .
3 3
= = =
i ncn n
P k P
(kw)
63 , 0
8 , 41
379 , 26

cos . P
cos
i
3
= =
=
i
i
n
P

- Cng sut ton phn:
4 , 43
cos
3
3
= =
l
l
P
S (kva)
-Cng sut phn khng:

3
2
3
2
3
l
l
l p
s
Q =
=33,7 ( kvar)

- Nhm 4: Bao phm cc ph ti thuc phn t th IV

S
hiu Tn thit b
H s
ksd Cos P P*P P*Cos P.ksd
23
Bn lp rp v th
nghim 0.53 0.69 16 256 11.04 8.48
24
Bn lp rp v th
nghim 0.53 0.69 18 324 12.42 9.54


25 My mi 0.42 0.62 2.2 4.84 1.364 0.924
26 My p quay 0.35 0.54 5.5 30.25 2.97 1.925
27 Cn cu 10T,=0,4 0.23 0.65 30 900 19.5 6.9
28 Qut gi 0.45 0.83 12 144 9.96 5.4
29 My mi 0.42 0.62 4.5 20.25 2.79 1.89
30 My p quay 0.35 0.54 7.5 56.25 4.05 2.625
31 Qut gi 0.35 0.67 6 36 4.02 2.1
Tng

101.7 1771.59 68.114 39.784

- H s s dng nhm 4:
39 , 0
7 , 101
784 , 39 .
4
= =
=
i
sdi i
sdn
P
k P
k

-S lng hiu dng nhm 4:
838 , 5
59 , 1771
7 , 101 ) (
2
2
2
4
= =
=
i
i
hdn
P
P
n
- H s nhu cu nhm 4
642 , 0
838 , 5
39 , 0 1
39 , 0
1
4
4
4 4
=
+ =
+ =
hdn
sdn
sdn ncn
n
k
k k
- Tng cng sut ph ti ng lc nhm 4:

29 , 65 7 , 101 642 , 0 .
4 4
= = =
i ncn n
P k P (kw)




67 , 0
7 , 101
114 , 68

cos . P
cos
4
= =
=
i
i
n
P

- Cng sut ton phn nhm 4 :
cos
4
4
l
l
p
S = =97,45 (kva)
- Cng sut phn khng nhm 4:
2 2 2 2
4 4 4
97, 45 67, 29 70, 49
dl dl dl
Q S P = = = (kvar)

Tng hp cc nhm ph ti ng lc:

- H s s dng ph ti ng lc:
39 . 0
42 , 180
93 , 69 .
= =
ni
sdni ni
sd
P
k P
k

-S lng hiu dng:
TT
Ph
ti k
sdni
cos
ni
P
ni
P
ni
.P
ni
P
ni
.cos
ni
P
ni
.k
sdni

1
Nhm
1 0.349 0.642 39.49 1559.46 25.35258 13.78201
2
Nhm
2 0.423 0.69 48.3 2332.89 33.327 20.4309
3
Nhm
3 0.375 0.63 27.34 747.4756 17.2242 10.2525
4
Nhm
4 0.39 0.67 65.29 4262.784 43.7443 25.4631
tng 180.42 8902.61 119.6481 69.92851


656 , 3
61 , 8902
42 , 180 ) (
2
2
2
= =
=
ni
ni
hd
P
P
n
- H s nhu cu ph ti ng lc:
71 , 0
656 , 3
39 , 0 1
39 , 0
1
=
+ =
+ =

hd
sd
sd nc
n
k
k k
- Tng cng sut ph ti ng lc:
1 , 128 42 , 180 71 , 0 . = = =
ni nc dl
P k P

- H s cng sut trung bnh ca ph ti tng hp:
663 , 0
42 , 180
65 , 119

cos . P
cos
ni
= =
=
ni
ni
tb
P

- Cng sut ton phn :
cos
dl
dl
p
S
|
= = 190,95 (kva)
- Cng sut phn khng :

2 2 2 2
4
190, 95 128,1 141, 61
dl dl
S P
= = (kvar)

2.4 Ph ti tng hp ton phn xng.

TT Ph Ti Cos P ; KW
1 Chiu sng 1 14,2
2 Lm mt 0,8 5,12
3 ng Lc 0.663 128,1

-Xc nh ph ti tng hp theo phng php s gia:
- Tng cng sut tnh ton ca 2 nhm ph ti chiu sng v lm mt:


23 , 17 ) 12 , 5 ). 41 , 0 )
5
12 , 5
(( 2 , 14
04 , 0
= + =
cslm
P
- Tng cng sut tc dng tnh ton ton phn xng:
14 , 139 23 , 17 ). 41 , 0 )
5
23 , 17
(( 1 , 128
04 , 0
= + =
P

- H s cng sut tng hp:
7 , 0
1 , 128 12 , 5 2 , 14
663 , 0 . 1 , 128 8 , 0 . 12 , 5 1 . 2 , 14 cos .
cos =
+ +
+ +
=
i
i i
P
P

=> tag=1,02
- Cng sut biu kin ca ph ti phn xng:
) ( 77 , 198
7 , 0
14 , 139
kva
Cos
P
S = = =

-Tng cng sut phn khng ca ph ti phn xng :
9 , 141 02 , 1 14 , 139 . = = =

tag P Q

2.5: Tnh ton b cng sut phn khng
Vic t b c li v mt gim tn tht in p , in nng , cho i tng
dung in l t phn tn cc b t b cho tng ng c . Tuy nhin nu t phn
tn qu s khng c li v vn u t , v qun l vn hnh . Cho nn vic b tr
t t b u l 1 bi ton cn xem xt k .
2.5.1 xc nh dung lng b cn thit
Yu cu h s cng sut cn nng ln l cos
2
=0,9 nn tag
2
=0,484
Ta c tag
=1,02
Do dung lng b cn thit l :

b
Q =
P ( tag
-tag
2
)=139,14.(1,02-0,484)=74,58 (kvar


2.5.2 la chn thit b b
i vi phn xng sa cha c kh v cng sut ca phn xng khng
qu ln , cng sut ca cc ng c cng khng qu ln nn khng t b cc t
ng lc , s phn tn , v tn km ( chi ph cho t b , cho t ) . Hn na , vic
xc nh dung lng b ti u cho tng t ng lc l kh khn . Ngoi t ng
lc cc ph ti thng thong v lm mt cng tiu th cng sut phn khng . Nh
vy n gin s t b tp trung cnh t phn phi
Theo dung lng b cn thit tnh c trn , tra bng 40.pl chn c
t in 3 pha loi KM2-0,38-25.Y c cng sut nh mc l Q
bn
= 25kVAr .
m bo dung lng b ta dng 3 t nh trn ghp song song vi nhau
- Cng sut biu kin ca phn xng sau khi b s l :
S
saub
= P
+ j( Q
Q
bn
) = 139,14 + j( 141,9 74,58 ) = 139,14 + j66,9kVA
-Gi tr mun ca n l :
S
saub
=
9 , 66 14 , 139
2 2
+
=154,39 kva



CHNG III: XC NH S CP IN PHN XNG

V tr ca trm bin p cn phi tha mn cc yu cu c bn sau :
- An ton v lin tc cp in
- Gn trung tm ph ti, thun tin cho ngun cung cp i ti.
- Thao tc, vn hnh, qun l d dng.
- Tit kim vn u t v chi ph vn hnh nh
- Bo m cc iu kin khc nh cnh quan mi trng, c kh nng
iu chnh ci to thch hp, p ng c khi khn cp...
- Tng tn tht cng sut trn cc ng dy l nh nht
Cn c vo s b tr cc thit b trong phn xng thy rng cc
ph ti c b tr vi mt cao trong nh xng nn khng th b tr my bin
p trong nh . V vy ta t my pha ngoi nh xng ngay st tng nh minh
ho di y . Khi xy dng ngoi nh th cn ch n iu kin m quan .

Hnh 3.1 s b tr my bin p
3.1. Xc nh v tr t trm bin p phn xng:
- H s in kn th c th c xc nh theo biu thc:
75 , 0 457 , 0
8760
4000
8760
s = = = =
m
m
tb
dk
T
S
S
k
Nh vy my bin p c th lm vic qu ti 40% trong khong thi gian
cho php khng qu 6 gi.
TBA
Hng in vo


- Da vo s mt bng nh xng,v din tch my bin p chim khi
dng cho phn xng, nn ta c th t trm bin p bn ngoi, ngay st tng
nh xng, tit kim c dy dn ca mng h p v din tch nh xng
3.2. Chn cng sut v s lng my bin p :
3.2.1:cc phng n
Ta chn cng sut v s lng my bin p 22/0,4 kV theo 2 phng n
sau:
Phng n 1: dng 2 my 2.100 (kVA).
Phng n 2: dng 1 my 160 (kVA).
Cc tham s ca my bin p do hng ABB ch to cho trong bng sau:
Bng 3.1: bng s liu cc my bin p hng ABB
S
Ba
, kVA ; kW ; kW Vn u t , 10
6

2.100 0,32 2,05 118,58
160 0,5 2,95 151,25

3.2.2:So snh kinh t ca cc phng n
Di gc an ton k thut, cc phng n khng ngang nhau v tin cy
cung cp in. i vi phng n 1 , khi c s c xy ra 1 trong 2 my bin p,
my cn li s phi gnh ton b ph ti loi I, i vi phng n 3 s phi ngng
cung cp in cho ton phn xng. m bo tng ng v k thut ca cc
phng n cn phi xt n thnh phn thit hi do mt in khi c s c xy ra trong
cc my bin p.
Hm chi ph tnh ton quy i cho tng phng n:
Z = p.V + C + Y
th
/nm .
C: thnh phn chi ph do tn tht. C = A.c

Vi c

: gi thnh tn tht in nng.
A:l tn tht in nng
Y
th
: chi ph tn tht do mt in
0
P A
k
P A


-H s tiu chun s dng vn u t:

25
25
(1 ) 0,12.(1 0,12)
0,127
(1 ) 1 (1 0,12) 1
h
h
T
tc T
i i
a
i
+ +
= = =
+ +

h
T :l tui th ca trm bin p ly bng 25 nm
I: l h s chit khu (=12%)
Tra bng 31.pl[Tk2] c h s khu hao ca trm bin p
kh
K =6,4%
Do : p = 191 , 0 064 , 0 127 , 0
0
= + = +
kh tc
k a
Khi so snh thit hi do mt in ch cn xt n ph ti loi I, v c th coi
ph ti loi III cc phng n l nh nhau:
* Phng n 1:
Ph ti trong thi gian s c 1 my bin p bao gm ph ti loi I
S
sc
= S
tt
. = 154,39.0,6 = 92,634 ( kVA )
H s qu ti:
4 , 1 93 , 0
100
634 , 92
< = = =
n
sc
qt
S
S
k
Nh vy my bin p c th lm vic qu ti khi xy ra s c, bi
vy khi c s c 1 trong 2 my bin p, ta ch cn ct 40% ph ti loi III
-Tn tht trong my bin p c xc nh theo biu thc:
t .
2
01
|
|
.
|
\
|
A
+ A = A
n
n
P
t P n A
s
s
k

Vi =
4 2
0,124 .10 ) .8760
M
T

+
Vi
,ta c
=
4 2
0,124 4000.10 ) .8760
+ =2405 (h)
Do
2
1
2, 05 154, 39
2 0, 32 8760 .2405 11482, 34
2 100
A
| |
A = + =
|
\ .
(kwh)
1 2
m
+


-Chi ph cho thnh phn tn tht l:
C =
A
c A = 1500 . 11482,34=17,22 . 10
6
()
Vy tng chi ph qui i ca phng n :

1
Z = p.
1
V +
1
C + Y
th
=0,191118,58+17,22+0=39,87.10
6
()
* Phng n 2:
Nu xy ra s c th ngng cung cp in cho ton phn xng.
Tn tht trong my bin p c xc nh theo biu thc:
t .
2
02 2
|
|
.
|
\
|
A
+ A = A
n
n
P
t P n A
s
s
k

2
2
2, 95 154, 39
0, 5 8760 .2405 10985, 95
1 160
A
| |
A = + =
|
\ .
(kwh)
-Chi ph cho thnh phn tn tht l:
2
C =
A
c
2
A = 1500 . 10985,95=16,48.10
6
()
Cng sut thiu ht khi mt in bng 60% cng sut ca ph ti loi I l:
P
th3
= m
1
.

P = 0,6139,14 = 83,484 (kW)
Do thit hi do mt in:
Y
th3
= P
th2
.g
th
.t
f
= 83,4841000024 = 20,03.10
6
( ),
Trong g
th:
sut thit hi do mt in g
th
=10000(/kwh)
t
f :
thi gian mt in,i vi trm bin p tiu th ly =24(h/nam)

Vy tng chi ph qui i ca phng n:
2
Z = p.
2
V +
2
C + Y
th
=0,191151,25+16,48+20,03=65,4.10
6
()
Cc kt qu tnh ton c trnh by trong bng sau:



TT Cc tham s PA 1 PA 2
1 Cng sut trm bin p S
BA
, Kva 2.100 160
2 Tng vn u t V, 10
6
118,58 151,205
3 Tn tht in nng A A , 10
3
kWh/nm 11,48 10,99
4 Chi ph tn b tht C
, 10
6
/nm 17,22 16,48
5 Thit hi do mt in Y
th
, 10
6
/nm 0 16,03
6 Tng chi ph qui i Z, 10
6
/nm 39,87 65,4
Ta thy phng n 1 c chi ph qui i nh nht. Vy ta t trm bin p
gm 2 my 100 kVA.
3.3. La chn s ni in ti u:
cung cp in c th c nhiu phng n i dy , c th dng s hnh
tia c tin cy cung cp in cao , c th dng s ng trc , hoc hn hp
.Vi phn xng nn p dng s tia v cc thit b in kh tp trung . Cc
phng n c nu chi tit di y .
cp in cho cc ng c my cng c , trong xng d nh t 1 t
phn phi nhn in t trm bin p v v cp in cho 4 t ng lc t ri rc
cnh tng phn xng , mi t ng lc cp in cho cc nhm ph ti phn
nhm trn .Cn c vo s mt bng tin hnh xem xt 2 phng n sau :
Phng n 1: t t phn phi ti trung tm ph ti v t ko cp n
tng t ng lc.
Phng n 2: t t phn phi ti gc xng v ko ng cp n tng t
ng lc.
3.3.2. Tnh ton chn phng n ti u:
Ta chn dy dn cao p t ngun in vo trm bin p l cp ng mc
trong ho cp v phn xng nm trong nh my nn ngun dn phn xng
khong cch gn,dung cp ng c th lm gim tn tht in nng v m bo
tnh an ton cao, dy dn h p cng l cp ng 3 pha mc trong ho cp.


Tnh ton c th cho tng phng n:

* Phng n 1: t TPP ti trung tm phn xng.

- Xc nh dy dn t ngun n trm bin p:
+ Dng in chy trong dy dn cao p:

026 , 2
22 . 3 2
39 , 154
. 3 2
= = =
U
S
I (A)
+ Tit din dy cao p c th chn theo mt dng kinh t. Cn c vo
bng s liu ban u ng vi cp ng 3 pha theo bng 9.pl.BT [TK1] ta tm c
j
kt
= 3,1 A/mm
2
.
+ Tit din dy dn cn thit:
654 , 0
1 , 3
026 , 2
= = =
kt
j
I
F (mm
2
)
t
TPP
TDL1
TDL3
TDL2
TDL4
TBA


+ i vi ng dy cao p, tit din ti thiu khng nh hn 35mm
2
nn
ta chn loi cp XLPE.35 vi
=0,524,
=0,13 c
ni t ngun vo trm bin

p.
+ Xc nh tn hao thc t:

366 , 0 10 . 200 .
22 2
13 , 0 . 9 , 66 524 , 0 . 14 , 137
.
. 2
. .
3 0 0
=
+
=
+
= A

L
U
x Q r P
U (V)
L:khong cch t ngun ti TBA
+ Tn tht in nng:
21 , 6 10 . 2405 . 10 . 200 . 524 , 0 .
22 . 2
39 , 154
. . .
. 2
3 3
2
2
0
2
2
= = = A

t L r
U
S
A
ca
(kWh)
+ Chi ph tn tht in nng:
C = A.c
= 6,21.1500= 0,009 .10

6
(/nm)
+ Vn u t ng dy:
Tra bng 8.pl [TK 2] ta c sut vn u t ng dy cao p v
0
= 176,4
(10
6
/km), vy:
V = 2.v
0
.L = 2.200.10
6
.176,4.10
-3
= 70,56 .10
6
()
+ H s tiu chun s dng vn v khu hao i vi dy dn cao p:
025 , 0 147 , 0 025 , 0
1 ) 12 , 0 1 (
) 12 , 0 1 .( 12 , 0
1 ) 1 (
) 1 .(
15
15
+ = +
+
+
= +
+
+
=
kh
T
T
a
i
i i
p
h
h
= 0,172
Chi ph quy i:
Z=pV+C = (0,172.70,56+0,009).10
6
= 12,145.10
6
(/nm)
-Xc nh dy dn t trm bin p n t phn phi:
Dng in chy trong dy dn t trm bin p n t phn phi l:
29 , 117
38 , 0 . 3 2
39 , 154
. 3 2
= = =
U
S
I (A)
Mt dng kinh t ng vi T
M
= 4000 h ca cp ng j
kt
= 3,1 (A/mm
2
)
(bng 9.pl.BT) [TK 1].
Vy tit din dy cp l:


84 , 37
1 , 3
29 , 117
= = =
kt
j
I
F (mm
2
)
Ta chn cp XLPE.50 c r
0
=0,4 v x
0
= 0,06 /km (bng 20.pl) [TK 2]v
=179(A) theo bng 18.pl[TK2]

Kim tra theo iu kin dng in cho php :
iu kin tho mn khi xy ra s c t 1 dy: 2.

Theo phng thc mc trong ho cp tra bng 15.pl[TK2] -17.pl[TK2]
xc nh c cc h s hiu chnh sau:

:h s ph thuc vo phng thc lp t (=0,95)

: h s ph thuc vo s lng mach cp(=1)

H s ph thuc nhit mi trng (=0.96)
Dng in hiu chnh cho php :
=0,95.0,96.1.179=163,25<2.
= 117,29.2=234,58(A)
Nn tit din dy l khng tho mn.
0
=0,21 v x
0
= 0,06 /km (bng 20.pl) [TK
2]v

=0,95.0,96.1.278=253,54>2.
= 117,29.2=234,58(A)
Nn tit din dy l tho mn.
99 , 0 10 . 23 .
38 , 0 . 2
06 , 0 . 9 , 66 21 , 0 . 14 , 137
.
. 2
. .
3 0 0
=
+
=
+
= A

L
U
x Q r P
U
ca
(V)
+ Tn tht in nng:
71 , 958 10 . 2405 . 10 . 23 . 21 , 0 .
38 , 0 . 2
39 , 154
. . .
. 2
3 3
2
2
0
2
2
= = = A

t L r
U
S
A (kWh)
C = A.c
= 958,71.1500 = 1,44.10
6
(/nm)
+ Vn u t ng dy:
O
O


Tra bng 7,pl [TK 1] ta c sut vn u t ng dy v
0
= 153,72.10
6

(/km), vy:
V = 2.v
0
.L = 2.153,72.10
6
.23.10
-3
= 7,07 .10
6
()
+ H s tiu chun s dng vn v khu hao i vi dy dn h p:
036 , 0 147 , 0 036 , 0
1 ) 12 , 0 1 (
) 12 , 0 1 .( 12 , 0
1 ) 1 (
) 1 .(
15
15
+ = +
+
+
= +
+
+
=
kh
T
T
a
i
i i
p
h
h
= 0,183
- Chi ph quy i:
Z = pV+C = (0,183.7,07+1,44).10
6
= 2,73.10
6
(/nm)
- Xc nh dy dn t t phn phi n t ng lc
Ta tin hnh chn ng dy kp bo m cp in c lin tc khi s
c xy ra
Dng in chy trong dy dn t t phn phi n t ng lc1 l:
73 , 46
38 , 0 . 3 2
51 , 61
. 3 2
= = =
U
S
I (A)
M
= 4000 h ca cp ng j
kt
= 3,1 (A/mm
2
)
Vy tit din dy cp l:
07 , 15
1 , 3
73 , 46
= = =
kt
j
I
F (mm
2
)
0
=1,25 v x
0
= 0,07 /km (bng 24.pl) [TK 2]
v

=0,95.1.0,96.94=85,7 <2
= 46,73.2=93,46(A)
Nn tit din dy khng tho mn
0
=0,8 v x
0
= 0,07 /km (bng 24.pl) [TK 2]
v

=0,95.1.0,96.119=108,53 >2
= 46,73.2=93,46(A)
O
O


96 , 0 10 . 21 .
38 , 0 . 2
07 , 0 . 16 , 47 8 , 0 . 49 , 39
.
. .
3 0 0
=
+
=
+
= A

L
U
x Q r P
U
ca
(V)
Trong L l khong cch t TPP n TL1
+ Tn tht in nng:
21 , 582 10 . 2405 . 10 . 21 . 8 , 0 .
38 , 0 . 2
51 , 61
. . .
3 3
2
2
0
2
2
= = = A

t L r
U
S
A
ca
(kWh)
C = A.c
= 582,21.1500 = 0,87.10
6
(/nm)
+ Vn u t ng dy:
Tra bng 32.pl [TK 2] ta c sut vn u t ng dy v
0
= 64,96.10
6

(/km), vy:
V = 2.v
0
.L = 2.64,96.10
6
.21.10
-3
= 2,73 .10
6
()
Chi ph quy i:
Z=p.V+C = (0,183.2,73+0,87).10
6
= 1,37 .10
6
(/nm)
-Xc nh dy dn t t ng lc n my 1
Dng in chy trong dy dn t t ng lc 1 n my 1 l:
81 , 6
38 , 0 . 3
48 , 4
. 3
= = =
U
S
I (A)
M
= 4000 h ca cp ng j
kt
= 3,1 (A/mm
2
)
Vy tit din dy cp l:
197 , 2
1 , 3
81 , 6
= = =
kt
j
I
F (mm
2
)
Ta chn cp XLPE.2,5c r
0
=8 v x
0
= 0,09 /km (bng 24.pl) [TK 2]
384 , 0 10 . 6 .
38 , 0
09 , 0 . 33 , 3 8 . 3
.
. .
3 0 0
=
+
=
+
= A

L
U
x Q r P
U
ca
(V)
Trong L la khong cch t TL1 n my 1
+ Tn tht in nng:
O


045 , 16 10 . 2405 . 10 . 6 . 8 .
38 , 0
48 , 4
. . .
3 3
2
2
0
2
2
= = = A

t L r
U
S
A
ca
(kWh)
C = A.c
= 16,045.1500 = 0,024.10
6
(/nm)
+ Vn u t ng dy:
Tra bng 32.pl [TK 2] ta c sut vn u t ng dy v
0
= 30,8810
6

(/km), vy:
V = v
0
.L = 30,88.10
6
.6.10
-3
= 0,185 .10
6
()
Chi ph quy i:
Z=p.V+C = (0,183.0,185+0,024).10
6
= 0,059.10
6
(/nm)
Tnh ton tng t cho cc on dy khc ca phng n 1, ta c kt
qu ghi trong bng s liu sau:


stt doan day P Q S I F Fc L r x U A Vo V C Z

1 Ng-TBA 139.14 66.9 154.39 2.026 0.654 35 200 0.524 0.13 0.366 6.21 176.4 70.56 0.009 12.145
2 TBA-TPP 139.14 66.9 154.39 117.29 37.84 95 23 0.21 0.06 0,99 958.71 153,72 7,o7 1,44 2.73 234,58
3 TPP-TL1 39.49 47.16 61.51 47,73 15,07 25 21 0.8 0.07 0,96 582.21 64,96 2,73 0,87 1.37 108,53
4 TPP-T2 48.3 50.67 70.00 53,18 17,15 25 21 0.8 0.07 1.17 685.52 64,96 2,73 1,03 1.53 108,53
5 TPP-TL3 27.34 33.70 43.40 32,97 10.64 16 21 1.25 0.07 1.01 156.46 53.76 2.26 0.23 0.64 85,73
6 TPP-TL4 65.29 72.34 97.45 74.03 23.88 50 21 0.4 0.06 0.84 664.29 98.28 4.13 1.00 1.76 163.2
7 TL1-1 3 3.32 4.48 6.80 2.19 2.5 6 8 0.09 0.38 16.03 21.67 0.130 0.024 0.048 27.4
8 TL1-2 7.5 10.53 12.93 19.65 6.34 10 8 2 0.08 0.33 44.56 46.76 0.374 0.067 0.135 63.8
9 TL1-3 10 14.05 17.24 26.20 8.45 10 9 2 0.08 0.50 89.12 46.76 0.421 0.134 0.211 63.8
10 TL1-4 11 12.86 16.92 25.71 8.29 10 2 2 0.08 0.12 19.08 46.76 0.094 0.029 0.046 63.8
11 TL1-5 2.8 3.19 4.24 6.45 2.08 2.5 2 8 0.09 0.12 4.80 21.67 0.043 0.007 0.015 27.4
12 TL1-6 1.1 1.39 1.77 2.70 0.87 2.5 4 8 0.09 0.09 1.68 21.67 0.087 0.003 0.018 27.4
13 TL1-7 4 4.43 5.97 9.07 2.93 4 5 5 0.09 0.27 14.84 25.34 0.127 0.022 0.045 36.5
14 TL1-8 5.5 6.26 8.33 12.66 4.08 4 8 5 0.09 0.59 46.26 25.34 0.203 0.069 0.106 36.5


15 TL1-12 6.5 7.20 9.70 14.74 4.75 6 10 3.33 0.09 0.59 52.20 42.28 0.423 0.078 0.156 46.5
16 TL1-13 8 8.86 11.94 18.14 5.85 6 12 3.33 0.09 0.87 94.89 42.28 0.507 0.142 0.235 46.5
17 TL1-14 12 13.30 17.91 27.21 8.78 10 14 2 0.08 0.92 149.60 46.76 0.655 0.224 0.344 63.8
18 TL2-17 1.5 1.53 2.14 3.26 1.05 2.5 16 8 0.09 0.51 9.79 21.67 0.347 0.015 0.078 27.4
19 TL2-18 8.5 5.71 10.24 15.56 5.02 6 8 3.33 0.09 0.61 46.53 42.28 0.338 0.070 0.132 46.5
20 TL2-19 22 25.72 33.85 51.42 16.59 25 4 0.8 0.07 0.20 61.05 64.96 0.260 0.092 0.139 108.53
21 TL2-21 10 10.49 14.49 22.02 7.10 10 14 2 0.08 0.77 97.95 46.76 0.655 0.147 0.267 63.8
22 TL2-22 12 12.59 17.39 26.42 8.52 10 9 2 0.08 0.59 90.67 46.76 0.421 0.136 0.213 63.8
23 TL2-23 16 16.78 23.19 35.23 11.36 16 4 1.25 0.07 0.22 44.78 53.76 0.215 0.067 0.107 85.7
24 TL3-9 2.8 3.93 4.83 7.33 2.37 2.5 7 8 0.09 0.42 21.74 21.67 0.152 0.033 0.060 27.4
25 TL3-10 5.5 6.09 8.21 12.47 4.02 4 2 5 0.09 0.15 11.22 25.34 0.051 0.017 0.026 36.5
26 TL3-11 10 12.33 15.87 24.12 7.78 10 3 2 0.08 0.17 25.18 46.76 0.140 0.038 0.063 63.8
27 TL3-15 5.5 7.72 9.48 14.41 4.65 6 12 3.33 0.09 0.60 59.85 42.28 0.507 0.090 0.183 46.5
28 TL3-16 12 14.79 19.05 28.94 9.34 16 10 1.25 0.07 0.42 75.53 53.76 0.538 0.113 0.212 85.7
29 TL3-20 6 6.65 8.96 13.61 4.39 6 6 3.33 0.09 0.32 26.69 42.28 0.254 0.040 0.086 46.5


30 TL4-23 16 16.78 23.19 35.23 11.36 16 12 1.25 0.07 0.67 134.33 53.76 0.645 0.201 0.320 85.7
31 TL4-24 18 18.88 26.09 39.64 12.79 16 8 1.25 0.07 0.50 113.34 53.76 0.430 0.170 0.249 85.7
32 TL4-25 2.2 2.78 3.55 5.39 1.74 2.5 18 8 0.09 0.85 30.20 21.67 0.390 0.045 0.117 27.4
33 TL4-26 5.5 8.57 10.19 15.47 4.99 6 14 3.33 0.09 0.70 80.55 42.28 0.592 0.121 0.229 46.5
34 TL4-27 30 35.07 46.15 70.12 22.62 25 8 0.8 0.07 0.56 227.06 64.96 0.520 0.341 0.436 108.53
35 TL4-28 12 8.06 14.46 21.97 7.09 10 15 2 0.08 0.97 104.44 46.76 0.701 0.157 0.285 63.8
36 TL4-29 4.5 5.69 7.26 11.03 3.56 4 8 5 0.09 0.48 35.10 25.34 0.203 0.053 0.090 36.5
37 TL4-30 7.5 11.69 13.89 21.10 6.81 10 8 2 0.08 0.34 51.40 46.76 0.374 0.077 0.146 63.8
38 TL4-31 6 6.65 8.96 13.61 4.39 6 3 3.33 0.09 0.16 13.34 42.28 0.127 0.020 0.043 46.5

Tng

576

4947.2

25.02


- Tnh ton hao tn in p cc i trong mng in h p
+ Hao tn cc i t TBA TPP TL 1 cc my thuc TL 1:
U
M1
= U
TBA-TPP
+ U
TPP-L1
+ U
L1-14
= 0.99 + 0.96 + 0,92 = 2.87(V)
U
M2
= U
TBA-TPP
+ U
TPP-L2
+ U
L2-21
= 0.99 + 1.17 + 0,77 = 2,93 (V)
U
M3
= U
TBA-TPP
+ U
TPP-L3
+ U
L3-15
= 0.99 + 1.01 + 0,6 = 2,6 (V)
U
M4
= U
TBA-TPP
+ U
TPP-L4
+ U
L4-28
= 0.99 + 0.84 + 0,97 = 2,8 (V)
=> Hao tn cc i trong mng in h p l:
U
Max
= U
M4
= 2,93 (V)
- Hao tn in p cho php:
19
100
380 . 5
100
%.
= =
A
= A
dm cp
cp
U U
U (V)
Nh vy, U
Max
< U
cp
=> mng in m bo yu cu k thut.
* Phng n 2:t t phn phi gc phn xng



Tnh ton tng t nh phng n 1, ta c bng kt qu ca phng n 2 nh sau:

t
TPP
TDL1
TDL3
TDL2
TDL4
TBA


stt doan day P
Q S I F Fc L r x U A Vo V C Z
1 Ng-TBA 139.14

66.9 154.39 2.026 0.654 35 200 0.524 0.13 0.366 6.21 176.4 70.56 0.009 12.145
2 TBA-TPP 139.14 234,58 66.9 154.39 117.29 37.84 95 5 0.21 0.06 0.22 208.42 153.72 1.54 0.31 0.59
3
TPP-
TL1 39.49 108,53 47.16 61.51 47,73 15,07 25 8 0.8 0.07 0.37 221.80 64,96 1.04 0.33 0.52
4 TPP-T2 48.3 108,53 50.67 70.00 53,18 17,15 25 30 0.8 0.07 1.67 979.32 64,96 3.90 1.47 2.18
5
TPP-
TL3 27.34 85,73 33.70 43.40 32,97 10.64 16 26 1.25 0.07 1.25 509.78 53.76 2.80 0.76 1.27
6
TPP-
TL4 65.29 163.2 72.34 97.45 74.03 23.88 50 48 0.4 0.06 1.92 1518.39 98.28 9.43 2.27 4.00
7 TL1-1 3 27.4 3.32 4.48 6.80 2.19 2.5 6 8 0.09 0.38 16.03 21.67 0.130 0.024 0.048
8 TL1-2 7.5 63.8 10.53 12.93 19.65 6.34 10 8 2 0.08 0.33 44.56 46.76 0.374 0.067 0.135
9 TL1-3 10 63.8 14.05 17.24 26.20 8.45 10 9 2 0.08 0.50 89.12 46.76 0.421 0.134 0.211
10 TL1-4 11 63.8 12.86 16.92 25.71 8.29 10 2 2 0.08 0.12 19.08 46.76 0.094 0.029 0.046
11 TL1-5 2.8 27.4 3.19 4.24 6.45 2.08 2.5 2 8 0.09 0.12 4.80 21.67 0.043 0.007 0.015
12 TL1-6 1.1 27.4 1.39 1.77 2.70 0.87 2.5 4 8 0.09 0.09 1.68 21.67 0.087 0.003 0.018
13 TL1-7 4 36.5 4.43 5.97 9.07 2.93 4 5 5 0.09 0.27 14.84 25.34 0.127 0.022 0.045


14 TL1-8 5.5 36.5 6.26 8.33 12.66 4.08 4 8 5 0.09 0.59 46.26 25.34 0.203 0.069 0.106
15 TL1-12 6.5 46.5 7.20 9.70 14.74 4.75 6 10 3.33 0.09 0.59 52.20 42.28 0.423 0.078 0.156
16 TL1-13 8 46.5 8.86 11.94 18.14 5.85 6 12 3.33 0.09 0.87 94.89 42.28 0.507 0.142 0.235
17 TL1-14 12 63.8 13.30 17.91 27.21 8.78 10 14 2 0.08 0.92 149.60 46.76 0.655 0.224 0.344
18 TL2-17 1.5 27.4 1.53 2.14 3.26 1.05 2.5 16 8 0.09 0.51 9.79 21.67 0.347 0.015 0.078
19 TL2-18 8.5 46.5 5.71 10.24 15.56 5.02 6 8 3.33 0.09 0.61 46.53 42.28 0.338 0.070 0.132
20 TL2-19 22 108.53 25.72 33.85 51.42 16.59 25 4 0.8 0.07 0.20 61.05 64.96 0.260 0.092 0.139
21 TL2-21 10 63.8 10.49 14.49 22.02 7.10 10 14 2 0.08 0.77 97.95 46.76 0.655 0.147 0.267
22 TL2-22 12 63.8 12.59 17.39 26.42 8.52 10 9 2 0.08 0.59 90.67 46.76 0.421 0.136 0.213
23 TL2-23 16 85.7 16.78 23.19 35.23 11.36 16 4 1.25 0.07 0.22 44.78 53.76 0.215 0.067 0.107
24 TL3-9 2.8 27.4 3.93 4.83 7.33 2.37 2.5 7 8 0.09 0.42 21.74 21.67 0.152 0.033 0.060
25 TL3-10 5.5 36.5 6.09 8.21 12.47 4.02 4 2 5 0.09 0.15 11.22 25.34 0.051 0.017 0.026
26 TL3-11 10 63.8 12.33 15.87 24.12 7.78 10 3 2 0.08 0.17 25.18 46.76 0.140 0.038 0.063
27 TL3-15 5.5 46.5 7.72 9.48 14.41 4.65 6 12 3.33 0.09 0.60 59.85 42.28 0.507 0.090 0.183
28 TL3-16 12 85.7 14.79 19.05 28.94 9.34 16 10 1.25 0.07 0.42 75.53 53.76 0.538 0.113 0.212


29 TL3-20 6 46.5 6.65 8.96 13.61 4.39 6 6 3.33 0.09 0.32 26.69 42.28 0.254 0.040 0.086
30 TL4-23 16 85.7 16.78 23.19 35.23 11.36 16 12 1.25 0.07 0.67 134.33 53.76 0.645 0.201 0.320
31 TL4-24 18 85.7 18.88 26.09 39.64 12.79 16 8 1.25 0.07 0.50 113.34 53.76 0.430 0.170 0.249
32 TL4-25 2.2 27.4 2.78 3.55 5.39 1.74 2.5 18 8 0.09 0.85 30.20 21.67 0.390 0.045 0.117
33 TL4-26 5.5 46.5 8.57 10.19 15.47 4.99 6 14 3.33 0.09 0.70 80.55 42.28 0.592 0.121 0.229
34 TL4-27 30 108.53 35.07 46.15 70.12 22.62 25 8 0.8 0.07 0.56 227.06 64.96 0.520 0.341 0.436
35 TL4-28 12 63.8 8.06 14.46 21.97 7.09 10 15 2 0.08 0.97 104.44 46.76 0.701 0.157 0.285
36 TL4-29 4.5 36.5 5.69 7.26 11.03 3.56 4 8 5 0.09 0.48 35.10 25.34 0.203 0.053 0.090
37 TL4-30 7.5 63.8 11.69 13.89 21.10 6.81 10 8 2 0.08 0.34 51.40 46.76 0.374 0.077 0.146
38 TL4-31 6 46.5 6.65 8.96 13.61 4.39 6 3 3.33 0.09 0.16 13.34 42.28 0.127 0.020 0.043

Tng

586

5337.72

25.54


- Tnh ton hao tn in p cc i trong mng in h p
U
M1
= U
TBA-TPP
+ U
TPP-L1
+ U
L1-14
= 0,22 + 0,37 + 0,92 = 1,51(V)
U
M2
= U
TBA-TPP
+ U
TPP-L2
+ U
L2-21
= 0,22+ 1,67 + 0,77 = 2,66 (V)
U
M3
= U
TBA-TPP
+ U
TPP-L3
+ U
L3-15
= 0,22 + 1,25 + 0,6 = 2,07 (V)
U
M4
= U
TBA-TPP
+ U
TPP-L4
+ U
L4-28
= 0,22 + 1,92+ 0,97 = 3,11 (V)
=> Hao tn cc i trong mng in h p l:
U
Max
= U
M4
= 3,11 (V)
- Hao tn in p cho php:
19
100
380 . 5
100
%.
= =
A
= A
dm cp
cp
U U
U (V)
Nh vy, U
Max
= 3,11 V < U
cp
19 V => mng in m bo yu cu k
thut.
* Kt lun:
So snh kt qu tnh ton ca 2 phng n, nhn thy phng n 1 c tng
chi ph quy i nh hn phng n 2:
S chnh lch chi ph c xc nh:
2 100 .
54 , 25
02 , 25 54 , 25
100 . %
2
1 2
=
= A
Z
Z Z
Z %
C 2 phng n u m bo ch tiu k thut, cn v kinh t th phng n
1 chim u th hn. Vy chn phng n 1 tnh ton thit k.



CHNG4: LA CHN V KIM TRA CC THIT B CA S

Cc thit b in ,s cch in v cc b phn dn in khc ca h thng in
trong iu kin vnhnh c th mt trong ba ch sau:
- Ch lmvicludi
- Ch lmvicquti
- Ch chu dng in ngn mch,
Trong ch lm viclu di,ccthitb in,s cch in v cc b phn dn
in khc s lm vic tin cy nu chng c chn theo ng in p v dng
in nh mc.
Trong ch qu ti,dng in qua thit b inv ccb phn dn in khc ln
hn so vi dng in nh mc.Nu mc qu ti khng vt qu gii hn cho
php th cc thit b invn lm vic tin cy.
Trong tnh trng ngn mch,cc kh c in,s cch inv cc b phn dn
in khcvn m bo lm vic tin cy nu qu trnh la chn chng c cc
thongs theo ng iu kin n nh ng v n nh nhit.Tt nhin khi xy ra
ngn mch, hn ch tc hi ca n cn phi nhanh chng loi tr tnh trng ngn
mch.
Nh vy,dng in ngn mch l s liu quantrng chn v kim tra cc thit
b in.
i vi myct,myct ph ti v cu ch, khi la chn cn phi kim tra kh
nng ctcachng.
tomsli,viclachnngnccthitbincnghaquantrnglmbocho
hthngcungcp in vn hnh an ton tin cyvkinht.
4.1. Chn tit din dy dn ca mng ng lc, dy dn mng chiu sng:
4.1.1. Dy dn mng ng lc
Tit din dy dn mng ng lc c chn mc 3.5
cc t ng lc u c 2 u vo nn c 14 u ra. lp t cc thit b
hin ti v pht trin thm thit b cho phn xng c kh sau ny
4.1.2. Chn dy dn cho mng in chiu sng:
- Ta ch chn dy dn cho mng chiu sng chung, cn chiu sng cc b
c ly in ti ch qua mng ng lc.
Mng in chiu sng c ly in t t phn phi ch khng ly in t
cc t ng lc v khi cc ng c m my s gy ra st p ln , nh hng n


cht lng chiu sng. Dy dn cung cp in t t phn phi n t chiu sng l
cp ng 3 pha , cn dy n cc bng n l cc dy 2 pha c trung tnh . T in
chiu sng c t ngay ca vo ca phn xng ( cng 1 pha ca vi t phn
ph ) tin cho vic bt tt

TPP

- V t phn phi c t trung tm ti nn mng in chiu sng
c xy dng vi 6 mch r, mi mch r gm 9 bng. Nh vy cng sut mi
mch nhnh phi chu l: 9x0,2 = 1.8 kW.
4.1.2.1Chn dy dn t TPP n Tcs-lm
Cng sut tc dng ca ph ti lm mt v chiu sng c tnh theo
phng php s gia sau:
0,04
5,12
10,8 (( ) 0, 41).5,12) 13,83
5
cslm
P = + =
Trong :

=5,12 (kW)
Dng in chy trong dy dn:

13, 83
10, 51
2 3. .cos 2 3.0, 38.1
cs
cs
p
I
U |
= = =
(A)
L1=46,62
L2=42,15(m)
L3=38,05(m)
L0=19(m)


Vy tit din cn thit l:

10, 51
3, 39
3,1
kt
I
F
j
= = = (mm
2
)
0
=3,33 v x
0
= 0,09 /km (bng 24.pl) [TK 2]v

Kim tra theo iu kin dng in cho php :
iu kin tho mn :

Theo phng thc mc trong ho cp tra bng 15.pl[TK2] -17.pl[TK2] xc
nh c cc h s hiu chnh sau:

:h s ph thuc vo phng thc lp t (
=0,95)

: h s ph thuc vo s lng mach cp(
=1)
H s ph thuc nhit mi trng (=0,96)
=0,95.1.0,96.54=49,248 >
= 16,41(A)
Nn tit din dy l tho mn
4.1.2.2Chn dy dn trn cc nhnh:
-Trn cc nhnh ca ph ti chiu sng
Dng in chy trong dy dn:
735 , 2
1 . 38 , 0 . 3
8 , 1
cos . . 3
= = =
cs
n
U
p
I
(A)
Vy tit din cn thit l:

88 , 0
1 , 3
735 , 2
= = =
kt
j
I
F (mm
2
)
Ta chn cp XLPE 2.5 c r
0
=8( /km) v x
0
= 0,09( /km) (bng 24.pl)
[TK 2]v

=0,95.1.0,96.30=27,36 >
= 2,735(A)
Nn tit din dy l tho mn
O
O O


Bng 4.1: Tit din dy chiu sng .
on TPP-TCS AB AC AD AE AF AG
F
mm
2
6 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5
Nhn xt : do cc dy mch nhnh c chn vi tit din vt cp nn khng cn
kim tra iu kin tn tht in p cho php .
Ngoi ra cn cn chn dy dn cho cc bng n ca nh v sinh v phng
thay . C 4 bng tt c , v v cng sut ca chng khng ln , nn n gin
ch cn chn dy 2 pha (ng ) , tit din 1,5mm
2
, v khng cn kim tra iu
kin hao tn in p .
-chn dy dn trn cc nhnh ph ti thng thong v lm mt
V cng sut mi thit b c P=300W nn ta c th chn dy 2,5

4.2 . Tnh ton ngn mch :
Ngn mch l s c nghim trng trong h thng in . Dng in trong khi
xy ra ngn mch rt ln , lm pht nhit ln , c th ph hng thit b . V vy
vic tnh ngn mch c ngha quan trng , cc kt qu tnh s l c s cho vic
chn cc thit b bo v v kim tra n nh nhit ca dy gip cho lm vic an
ton , bo v tnh mng con ngi v ti sn .

Cc im cn tnh ngn mch l :
N1 : Ngn mch ngay ti thanh ci trm bin p kim tra iu kin n nh
nhit ca n .
N2: thanh ci t phn phi h p kim tra aptmat tng .
N3 : 1 t ng lc i din l t 3(4 t c khong cch bng nhau) kim tra
aptmt nhnh .
N4 : 1 ng c i din xa nht l ng c 1 kim tra aptmt cho cc ng
c


Hnh 4.2 : Cc v tr tnh ngn mch.
Chng ta ch xt trn 1 dy i vi dy t ngun v TBA v t TBA v
TPP xt la chn cc thit b khi xy ra ngn mch
Pha cao p:
Tnh ngn mch ti u cc my bin p N chn dao ct ph ti pha
u ngun,my ct,dao cch ly v chng st van trong t hp b pha cao p.
Chn
=1,05.
=1,05.22=23,1(kv)
=310 (MVA)
in khng h thng:

O = = = 7 , 1
310
23
2 2
K
cb
HT
S
U
X
Dy dn t ngun ti trm l dy i XPLE.35 c
=0,524
,
=0,13;di l=200(m)
in tr v in khng ca ng dy:

.l=0,524.200 =104,8 ()

Do :

=108,4
(k)
Dng ngn mch 3 pha:
5 , 122 10 .
4 , 108 . 3
23
. 3
3 ) 3 (
= = =
k
k
Z
U
I (A) = 0,123 (kA)
Dng in xung kch :
N4
N1
N2 N3
XHT ZBA ZPP ZL ZC


i
xk
= k
xk
. .
) 3 (
k
I = 1,8. .0,123 = 0.313 (kA)
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng xung kch :
I
xk
= q
xk
.
) 3 (
k
I = 1,52.0,123 = 0,187 (kA)
Trong : k
xk
= 1,8 ; q
xk
= 1,52 tra trong bng 7.pl [ TK 2 ] l cc h s ph thuc
v tr ngn mch . Trong trng hp ny y l trong mng in cao p
Pha h p:
Cc im cn tnh ngn mch l :
N1 : Ngn mch ngay ti thanh ci trm bin p kim tra iu kin n nh
nhit ca n .
N2: thanh ci t phn phi h p kim tra aptmat tng .
N3 : 1 t ng lc i din gn nht l t 4 kim tra aptmt nhnh .
N4 : 1 ng c i din gn l ng c 27 kim tra aptmt cho cc ng
c
Xc nh in tr ca cc phn t , tnh trong h n v c tn . Chn U
cb
= 0,4 kV
. ta c cng sut ngn mch l : S
k
= 310 MVA .
in khng h thng:
O = = =
3
2 2
10 . 52 , 0
310
4 , 0
K
cb
HT
S
U
X
in tr v in khng ca my bin p
O = =
A
=

033 , 0
) 10 . 100 (
10 . 4 , 0 . 05 , 2 .
2 3
3 2
2
2
BA
k
BA
S
U P
R
O = = =

064 , 0
10 . 100 . 100
4 , 0 . 4
. 100 .
.
3
2 2
BA
k
BA
S
U U
Z
Trong : l in p ngn mch phn trm ca my bin p100 kVA . Tra
bng 12.pl [ TK 2 ] bng 4% ]
in khng ca my bin p .
O = = = 055 , 0 033 , 0 064 , 0
2 2 2 2
BA BA BA
R Z X
2 2
k
U


Tnh ngn mch N
1
:
in tr n im ngn mch :
Z
k1
=X
HT
+Z
BA
= O = + + 065 , 0 ) 0052 , 0 055 , 0 ( 033 , 0
2 2

Dng ngn mch 3 pha :
92 , 3552
065 , 0 . 3
400
. 3
1
) 3 (
1
= = =
k
k
Z
U
I (A) = 3,55 (kA)
Dng in xung kch :
i
xk1
= k
xk
. . = 1,2. .3,55 = 6,025 (kA)
Gi tr hiu dng ca dng xung kch :
I
xk1
= q
xk
. = 1,09.3,55 = 3,87 (kA)
Trong : k
xk
= 1,2 ; q
xk
= 1,09 tra trong bng 7.pl [ TK 2 ] l cc h s ph
thuc v tr ngn mch . Trong trng hp ny y l trong mng in h p .
Tnh ngn mch N
2
:
Theo trn ta dng dy t my bin p n t phn phi l XLPE.95 c
r
0
=0,21 v x
0
= 0,06 /km,di 23m in tr v in khng ca on dy ny
l :
R
PP
= 0,21.23.10
-3
= 4,83.10
-3
; X
PP
= 0,06.23.10
-3
= 1,38.10
-3

Do tng tr ngn mch n im N
2
l :
Z
k2
=X
HT
+ Z
BA
+ Z
PP

= O = + + + + 072 , 0 . ) 0014 , 0 0052 . 0 055 , 0 ( ) 005 , 0 033 , 0 (
2 2

Dng ngn mch 3 pha l :
= = = = 5 , 3207
072 , 0 . 3
400
. 3
2
) 3 (
2
k
k
Z
U
I 3,21 (kA)
Dng in xung kch l :
i
xk2
= = k
xk
. . = 1,2. .3,21= 5,45 (kA)
Gi tr hiu dng dng xung kch :
I
xk2
= q
xk
. = 1,09.3,21= 3,5 (kA)
2
(3)
k1
I 2
(3)
k1
I
O
O O
2
(3)
k2
I 2
(3)
k2
I


Tnh ngn mch N
3
:
Dy dn t t phn phi n t ng lc 4 l chn mc 3.1 c tit din l :
XLPE.50c r
0
= 0,4 /km ;x
0
= 0,06 /km di 21 m . Do in tr v in
khng ca on dy ny l :
R
L3
= 0,4.21.10
-3
= 8,4.10
-3
; X
L3
= 0,06.21.10
-3
= 1,26.10
-3

Do tng tr n im ngn mch l :
Z
k3
= X
HT
+Z
BA
+ Z
L3
=
2 2
(0, 033 0, 005 0, 0084) (0, 055 0, 0052 0, 0014 0, 0013) . 0, 081 + + + + + + = O
11 , 2851 .
081 , 0 . 3
400
. 3
3
) 3 (
3
= = =
k
k
Z
U
I (A) = 2,85(kA)
Dng in xung kch l :
i
xk3
= = k
xk
. . = 1,2. .2,85= 4,84 (kA)
I
xk3
= q
xk
. = 1,09.2, 85 = 3,11(kA)
Tnh ngn mch N
4
:
Dy dn t t ng lc 4 n ph ti 10 ta chn mc 3.1 l dy XLPE.25 c
r
0
= 0,8 /km ;x
0
= 0,07 /km di 8 . Do in tr v in khng ca on
dy ny l :
R
L3-10
= 0,8.8.10
-3
= 6,4 ; X
L3-25
= 0,07.8.10
-3
= 0,00056
Do tng tr n im ngn mch l :
Z
k1
= X
HT
+Z
BA
+ Z
L3
+ Z
L3-10
2 2
(0, 033 0, 005 0, 0084 0, 0064) (0, 055 0, 0052 0, 0014 0, 0013 0, 0006) . 0, 085 + + + + + + + + = O

94 , 2716 .
085 , 0 . 3
400
. 3
4
) 3 (
4
= = =
k
k
Z
U
I (A) = 2,72(kA)
Dng in xung kch l :
O O
O O
2
(3)
k3
I 2
(3)
k3
I
O O
O O


i
xk4
= = k
xk
. .
= 1,2. .2,72= 4,62 ( kA)

I
xk4
= q
xk
.
= 1,09.2,72= 2,96(kA)
4.3. Chn thit b bo v v o lng :
Cc thit b ny phc v cho vic bo v mch in , h tr cho mch in lm
vic tin cy , an ton , v gip cho vic o lng c chnh xc .
4.3.1. Chn thit b phn phi pha cao p :
Theo s liu cho trong bi ta c thi gian ct l t
k
= 2,5s
4.3.1.1.la chn my ct
Vi bi ton cung cp in cho phn xng c kh,cc ng dy trung p chy t
ngun v TBA phn phi l cp chy trong ho,tt nht ta s dng my ct hp
b,trong my ct hp b
iu kin chn v kim tra my ct:
- in p nh mc:
-dng in nh mc :
-dng in ct nh mc:
- dng in n nh ng:
- Dng n nh nhit
Ta chn my ct 24kv loi 3AF 611-4 do ABB ch to c thng s trong bng sau

Loi my
ct
Dng in
gii hn

Dng n
nh
nhit

Dng ct
nh mc

3AF611-4 24 630 31,5 12,5 12,5

2 2


Khi 1 ng dy cung cp cho trm bin p phn phi b s c,ton b ph ti tnh
ton ca nh my c truyn qua ng dy cn li v my ct
Dng in cng bc qua my ct chnh l dng qu ti qua my bin p:

22 . 3
100
4 , 1
. 3
4 , 1 = =
C
mMBA
cb
U
S
I
= 3,67 (A)
Kim tra iu kin:
-in p nh mc:

-Dng in nh mc:

-Dng ct nh mc :

-Dng in n nh ng:
(KA)
-Dng in n nh nhit:

Vy cc iu kin tra c bo m
4.3.1.2:chon dao cach ly cho cao p
Dao cch ly lm nhim v cch ly gia ng dy trung p v trm bin p.phc
v cho vic kim tra,bo dng v sa cha cc thit b trm bin p
iu kin chn dao cch ly l :
- in p nh mc:

- Dng in nh mc:

- Dng in n nh ng:

-Dng in n nh nhit:

Ta c :


22 . 3
100
. 4 , 1
. 3
4 , 1 = =
C
mMBA
cb
U
S
I
= 3,67 (A)

(KA)

=0,313.1=0,313 (kA)
Ta chn dao cch ly dao cch ly DT24/200 do cng ty thit b ng Anh ch to
c thng s

=3,67A

kA
Vy dao cch ly chn tha mn
4.3.1.3 chn thanh ci cao p
Dng in chy qua thanh ci xc nh 03 , 2
22 . 3 2
39 , 154
. 3 2
= = =
E
U
S
I (A)
D nh chn thanh ci dt bng ng c j
kt
=2,1(A/mm
2
) bng 9pl.BT (TK1)
Tit din cn thit ca thanh ci: ) ( 97 , 0
1 , 2
03 , 2
2
mm
j
I
F
kt
= = =

Ta chn thanhci cho cao p c kch thc 25.3=75mm
2
vi
vC
t
=171,bng 8.pl.BT(TK1)
-Kim tra n nh nhit theo iu kin:
2 2 ) 3 (
1 min
75 ) ( 14 , 1
171
5 , 2
. 123 . mm mm
C
t
I F
t
k
k
< = = =
Vy iu kin n nh nhit m bo
Kim tra n nh ng :Chn khong vt ca thanh ci l l=1,4(m),khong cch
gia cc pha l a=60 cm


Mmen un:

) ( 87 , 20
60 . 10
6025 . 140
. 10 . 76 , 1
. 10
.
. 10 . 76 , 1
2 2
8
2
1
2
8
kGcm
a
i l
M
xk
= = =

Mmen chng un:W=0,167.b.h
2
=0,167.0,3
2
.2,5=0,038 cm
3

ng sut: 21 , 549
038 , 0
87 , 20
= = =
W
M
u
o kG/cm
2
<
u
o =1400 kG/cm
2

Vy iu kin n nh ng m bo
4.3.2. Chn thit b phn phi pha h p :
4.3.2.1.Cp in lc
Cp in lc c chn theo hao tn in p cho php nh ta xc nh mc
chn s ni in ti u.Tit din ti thiu theo iu kin n nh nhit ca dy
cp c kim tra theo biu thc:

c
t
k
k
t
n
F
C
t
I
C
B
F s = = .
) 3 (
min

Trong :
:gi tr dng in ngn mch 3 pha ln nht i qua thit b
: h s ph thuc vo tnh cht vt liu dn in.tra bng 8pl[TK2]c
=159
Kim tra dy cp t TBA n TPP theo biu thc
) ( 95 89 , 31
159
5 , 2
. 3207 .
2 ) 3 (
min
mm
C
t
I
C
B
F
t
k
k
t
n
< = = = =
Nh vy cp chn m bo yu cu v n nh nhit
4.3.2.2. Chn thanh ci h p ca trm bin p v t phn phi
Dng in chy qua thanh ci xc nh 28 , 117
38 , 0 . 3 2
39 , 154
. 3 2
= = =
E
U
S
I (A)
D nh chn thanh ci dt bng ng c j
kt
=2,1(A/mm
2
) bng 9pl.BT (TK1)
Tit din cn thit ca thanh ci: ) ( 85 , 55
1 , 2
28 , 117
2
mm
j
I
F
kt
= = =


Ta chn thanhci c kch thc 25.3=75mm
2
vi
vC
t
=171,bng
8.pl.BT(TK1)
-Kim tra dng in pht nng lu di:

Vi
=1 vi thanh gp t ng
:h s hiu chnh theo nhit mi trng =1

Do 1.1.340 >
38 , 0 . 3
100
. 4 , 1
. 3
4 , 1 = =
H
mMBA
cb
U
S
I
= 212,7 (A)
Vy tho mn iu kin
-Kim tra n nh nhit theo iu kin:
2 2 ) 3 (
1 min
75 ) ( 85 , 32
171
5 , 2
. 3553 . mm mm
C
t
I F
t
k
k
< = = =
Vy iu kin n nh nhit m bo
Kim tra n nh ng :Chn khong vt ca thanh ci l l=1,4(m),khong cch
gia cc pha l a=60 cm
Mmen un:

) ( 87 , 20
60 . 10
6025 . 140
. 10 . 76 , 1
. 10
.
. 10 . 76 , 1
2 2
8
2
1
2
8
kGcm
a
i l
M
xk
= = =

Mmen chng un:W=0,167.b.h
2
=0,167.0,3
2
.2,5=0,038 cm
3

ng sut: 21 , 549
038 , 0
87 , 20
= = =
W
M
u
o kG/cm
2
<
u
o =1400 kG/cm
2

Vy iu kin n nh ng m bo
4.3.2.3. Chn my bin dng :

Phuc v cho cng t tng trong vic o m in nng tiu th .
- Bin dng cho cng t tng :
Dng lm vc chy trn on dy tng ( dng chy trn on t my bin p
n t phn phi ) xc nh mc 3.3 v bng I
lv
= 117,28A . Cn c vo ta


chn my bin dng loi BD6/1 ( tra cu bng 8-6 trang383 s tay tra cu Nguyn
Hng Quang) c in p nh mc l : 0,5 kV , dng nh mc pha s cp l
200A , h s bin dng k
i
= 200/5 = 40 , cp chnh xc l : 5% , cng sut nh
mc pha nh th l : 5 VA .
Cng t lm vic bnh thng nu dng in nh th khi ph ti cc tiu ln
hn dng sai s 10% ( I
10%
= 0,1.5 = 0,5 A )
Dng in khi ph ti nh nht ( ly bng 25% ph ti tnh ton ) :
I
min
= 0,25.I
lv
= 0,25.117,28 = 29,32 (A)
Dng in nh th khi ph ti cc tiu :
I
2min
= = =
40
32 , 29
min
i
k
I
0,73 A > 0,5 A
Vy bin dng lm vic bnh thng khi ph ti cc tiu .
4.3.2.5. Chn ptmt :
Aptomat c chn theo iu kin sau:

a. Chn aptmt cho mch chiu sng v lm mt:
T chiu sng c bo v bng aptmt khi mt in c th ng li nhanh ,
khng mt thi gian phi thay dy ch nu dng cu chy , m bo chiu sng
lin tc .
V cng sut chiu sng v lm mt l 13,83 kW nn dng in lm vic ca mch
chiu sng,lm mt khi gp s c l :

13, 83
3. 3.0, 38
cs
cs
H
S
I
U
= =
=21,01 (A)
Tra bng 20.e.pl [ TK 2 ] ta chn aptmt loi 5SQ3 670-1BA25 c dng nh
mc l I
n
= 25A .
=4,5 (KA)
b.chon aptomat tng v aptomat phn on:
Dng in cng chy qua aptomat:


7 , 212
38 , 0 . 3
100
4 , 1
. 3 2
= = =
E
U
S
I
sc (A)
aptomat hot ng c tt khi s c xy ra th
(A)
Cn c vo chn loi aptmat NS 225E do Php ch to c dng nh mc
l : I
n
= 225 A c dng ct l I
k
= 7,5kA .
Kim tra kh nng lm vic ca aptmt :
I
ct
> I
sc
suy ra : 7,5 kA > 3,21 kA
I
sc
: dng ngn mch 3 pha ti im N
2
tnh c mc 4.2 , bng 3,21kA.
Vy aptmt chn tha mn iu kin k thut
c. Chn aptomat bo v cc t ng lc :
Chn cho mt t tiu biu l t 1 :
Dng khi ng ca aptmat c xc nh theo biu thc :
I
kd
=
+
o
1 n
1
ni t
mm
max mm
I k
I

I
mmmax
: dng m my ca 1 ng c c dng lm vic ln nht trong nhm .
I
mmmax
=
:h s m my ca ng c (=4)

mm
: h s ph thuc ch m my ca ng c . Nh trn coi cc ng c
c ch m my nh nn ly bng 2,5
I
ni
l dng lm vic ca cc ng c lc bnh thng
k
t
: l h s ng thi ca nhm . V khng cho qui trnh cng ngh ca
nhm nn ta coi cc my lm vic ng thi , tc k
t
= 1 .
Dng m my ca ng c ln nht l ng c 27 c I
lvmax
= 70,12A
Nn :
I
mmmax
=
(A)
Nh vy :


I
kd
= ) 64 , 39 39 , 35 39 , 5 47 , 15 97 , 21 02 , 11 1 , 21 61 , 13 (
5 , 2
48 , 280
+ + + + + + + + = 275,78
(A)
Ta chn aptmat loi SA403-H ( tra bng 31.pl ) [ TK2 ] c dng nh mc l: I
n
=
300 (A)
Tng t ta chn aptmat bo v cho cc t phn phi cn li , kt qu ghi
trong bng sau :
Bng 4.4Bng chn aptmt cho cc t ng lc:
T mm
max mm
I
o
; A
=
1 n
1 i
ni
I ; A
I
k
; A

I
n
Loi
aptmt
1 43,54 142,12 185,66 200 EA103G
2 82,27 102,49 184,76 200 EA103G
3 46,3 71,94 118,24 125 NC 125H
4 112,19 163,59 275,78 300 SA403-H

d. Chn aptmat bo v cc ng c :
dng in khi ng ca thit b phi tha mn iu kin:

Tnh ton tiu biu cho mt ng c qut gi

(A)
Cn c vo kt qu tnh ton ta chn aptmt loi 5SQ3 670-1BA ( do simns ch
to ) c
(A) v
(KA)
Chn tng t aptmt cho cc ng c cn li , ta c kt qu ghi trong bng sau
Bng 4.2 aptmt cho cc ng c



ng c I
lv
I
k
I
n
Loi Aptomat
TL1-1 6.8 10.88 16 5QS3 670-1BA16
TL1-2 19.65 31.44 40 5QS3 670-1BA40
TL1-3 26.2 41.92 50 5QS3 670-1BA50
TL1-4 25.71 41.136 50 5QS3 670-1BA50
TL1-5 6.45 10.32 16 5QS3 670-1BA16
TL1-6 2.7 4.32 10 5QS3 670-1BA10
TL1-7 9.07 14.512 16
5QS3 670-1BA16
TL1-8 12.66 20.256 25
5QS3 670-1BA25
TL1-12 14.74 23.584 25
5QS3 670-1BA25
TL1-13 18.14 29.024 32
5QS3 670-1BA32
TL1-14 27.21 43.536 50
5QS3 670-1BA50
TL2-17 3.26 5.216 10
5QS3 670-1BA10
TL2-18 15.56 24.896 25
5QS3 670-1BA25
TL2-19 51.42 82.272 100
NC 100H
TL2-21 22.02 35.232 40
5QS3 670-1BA40
TL2-22 26.42 42.272 50
5QS3 670-1BA50
TL2-23 35.23 56.368 100
NC 100H
TL3-9 7.33 11.728 16
5QS3 670-1BA16
TL3-10 12.47 19.952 25
5QS3 670-1BA25
TL3-11 24.12 38.592 40
5QS3 670-1BA40
TL3-15 14.41 23.056 25
5QS3 670-1BA25
TL3-16 28.94 46.304 50
5QS3 670-1BA50


TL3-20 13.61 21.776 25
5QS3 670-1BA25
TL4-23 35.23 56.368 100
NC 100H
TL4-24 39.64 63.424 100
NC 100H
TL4-25 5.39 8.624 10
5QS3 670-1BA10
TL4-26 15.47 24.752 25
5QS3 670-1BA25
TL4-27 70.12 112.192 125
NC 125H
TL4-28 21.97 35.152 40
5QS3 670-1BA40
TL4-29 11.03 17.648 25
5QS3 670-1BA25
TL4-30 21.1 33.76 40
5QS3 670-1BA40
TL4-31 13.61 21.776 25
5QS3 670-1BA25

4.3.2.4 chn thit b chng r
Cn c vo dng lm vic ca cc thit b ta chn thit b chng r nh trong bng
sau:

ng c I
lv
I
m
I
r
Loi RCCB
TL1-1 6.8 10 30 CDL7210SC
TL1-2 19.65 25 30 CDL7225SC
TL1-3 26.2 32 30 CDL7232SC
TL1-4 25.71 32 30 CDL7232SC
TL1-5 6.45 10 30 CDL7210SC
TL1-6 2.7 10 30 CDL7210SC
TL1-7 9.07 10 30 CDL7210SC


TL1-8 12.66 16 30 CDL7216SC
TL1-12 14.74 16 30 CDL7216SC
TL1-13 18.14 25 30 CDL7225SC
TL1-14 27.21 32 30 CDL7232SC
TL2-17 3.26 10 30 CDL7210SC
TL2-18 15.56 16 30 CDL7216SC
TL2-19 51.42 63 30 CDL7263SC
TL2-21 22.02 25 30 CDL7225SC
TL2-22 26.42 32 30 CDL7232SC
TL2-23 35.23 63 30 CDL7263SC
TL3-9 7.33 10 30 CDL7210SC
TL3-10 12.47 16 30 CDL7216SC
TL3-11 24.12 25 30 CDL7225SC
TL3-15 14.41 16 30 CDL7216SC
TL3-16 28.94 32 30 CDL7232SC
TL3-20 13.61 16 30 CDL7216SC
TL4-23 35.23 63 30 CDL7263SC
TL4-24 39.64 63 30 CDL7263SC
TL4-25 5.39 10 30 CDL7210SC
TL4-26 15.47 16 30 CDL7216SC
TL4-27 70.12 80 30 CDL7280SC
TL4-28 21.97 25 30 CDL7225SC
TL4-29 11.03 16 30 CDL7216SC


TL4-30 21.1 25 30 CDL7225SC
TL4-31 13.61 16 30 CDL7216SC



ChngV: Tnh ton ch mng in
5.1 hao tn in p ln nht trong mng in
hao tn in p trong mng in bao gm hao tn in p ln nht trn ng
dy v hao tn din p trong my bin p
theo kt qu chng 3,hao tn in p ln nht trong ng dy s l hao tn
trn ng dy t tm bin p n t phn phi,t t phn phi n t ng lc v
t t ng lc n ng c (on DL2-21)

(V)
Hao tn in p trn my bin p
U
BA .
38 , 0 . 2
055 , 0 . 9 , 66 033 , 0 . 14 , 139 . . +
=
+
=
U
X Q R P
BA BA
= 10,88(V)
5.2. Xc nh hao tn cng sut :
Hao tn cng sut trong mng in bao gm hao tn cng sut trong my bin p
v ng dy
5.2.1 hao tn cng sut trm ng dy
Hao tn cng sut tc dng trong cc on dy c tnh theo cng thc sau :
P L . r .
U
Q P
0
2
2 2
+
= , kW
Hao tn cng sut phn khng trong cc on dy c tnh theo cng thc sau :
Q L x
U
Q P
. .
0
2
2 2
+
= , kW
Trong :

:in khng v in tr ca ng dy
L:chiu di ng dy
Tnh ton cho on dy tu trm bin p v t phn phi
P L r
U
Q P
. .
. 2
0
2
2 2
+
= =
.0,21.23.
=0,4(KW)


Q 12 , 0 10 . 23 . 06 , 0 .
38 , 0 . 2
9 , 66 14 , 139
6
2
2 2
=
+
=

kW
Tnh ton tng t cho cc on dy cn li ta c bng sau :
Bng 5.1 bng tnh hao tn cng sut cho ng dy
doan day P(kW) Q(kVAr)
0
r
(/km)
0
x
(/km)
L(m)
P(kW) Q(kVAr)
Ng-TBA 139.14 66.9 0.524 0.13 200
0.003 0.000640
TBA-TPP 139.14 66.9 0.21 0.06 23
0.399 0.113896
TPP-TL1 39.49 47.16 0.8 0.07 21
0.220 0.019258
TPP-T2 48.3 50.67 0.8 0.07 21
0.285 0.024943
TPP-TL3 27.34 33.7 1.25 0.07 21
0.171 0.009585
TPP-TL4 65.29 72.34 0.4 0.06 21
0.276 0.041429
TL1-1 3 3.32 8 0.09 6
0.007 0.000075
TL1-2 7.5 10.53 2 0.08 8
0.019 0.000741
TL1-3 10 14.05 2 0.08 9
0.037 0.001483
TL1-4 11 12.86 2 0.08 2
0.008 0.000317
TL1-5 2.8 3.19 8 0.09 2
0.002 0.000022
TL1-6 1.1 1.39 8 0.09 4
0.001 0.000008
TL1-7 4 4.43 5 0.09 5
0.006 0.000111
TL1-8 5.5 6.26 5 0.09 8
0.019 0.000346
TL1-12 6.5 7.2 3.33 0.09 10
0.022 0.000586


TL1-13 8 8.86 3.33 0.09 12
0.039 0.001066
TL1-14 12 13.3 2 0.08 14
0.062 0.002489
TL2-17 1.5 1.53 8 0.09 16
0.004 0.000046
TL2-18 8.5 5.71 3.33 0.09 8
0.019 0.000523
TL2-19 22 25.72 0.8 0.07 4
0.025 0.002221
TL2-21 10 10.49 2 0.08 14
0.041 0.001629
TL2-22 12 12.59 2 0.08 9
0.038 0.001508
TL2-23 16 16.78 1.25 0.07 4
0.019 0.001042
TL3-9 2.8 3.93 8 0.09 7
0.009 0.000102
TL3-10 5.5 6.09 5 0.09 2
0.005 0.000084
TL3-11 10 12.33 2 0.08 3
0.010 0.000419
TL3-15 5.5 7.72 3.33 0.09 12
0.025 0.000672
TL3-16 12 14.79 1.25 0.07 10
0.031 0.001758
TL3-20 6 6.65 3.33 0.09 6
0.011 0.000300
TL4-23 16 16.78 1.25 0.07 12
0.056 0.003127
TL4-24 18 18.88 1.25 0.07 8
0.047 0.002639
TL4-25 2.2 2.78 8 0.09 18
0.013 0.000141
TL4-26 5.5 8.57 3.33 0.09 14
0.033 0.000905
TL4-27 30 35.07 0.8 0.07 8
0.094 0.008260


TL4-28 12 8.06 2 0.08 15
0.043 0.001737
TL4-29 4.5 5.69 5 0.09 8
0.015 0.000262
TL4-30 7.5 11.69 2 0.08 8
0.021 0.000855
TL4-31 6 6.65 3.33 0.09 3
0.006 0.000150
tng

2.141 0.245375

Tng hao tn cng sut tc dng trn ton mng in l:
=2,141(kW)
Tng hao tn cng sut phn khng trn ton mng in l:
=0,245(kW)
5.2.2 Hao tn cng sut trong my bin p
Tn tht cng sut trong my bin p c tnh nh sau
2
2
0
100
39 , 154
.
2
05 , 2
32 , 0 . 2 .
2
. 2 |
.
|
\
|
+ =
|
|
.
|
\
| A
+ A = A
nBA
tt k
BA
S
S P
P P = 3,083kW
5.3. Xc nh hao tn in nng :
Theo tnh ton chng 3 (bng )ta c tn tht in nng trn ton b ng dy
t ngun n cc my ng lc l :

=4947.2 (kWh)
Tn tht in nng trong my bin p c xc nh mc so snh ti u cac
phng n chon my bin p mc 3.3.2 l

Tn tht in nng trn ton mng in
A = A
i
+ A
BA
= 4947,2 + 11480=16427,2 (kWh)



Chng 6: Tnh ton ni t v chng st

Vic tnh ton ni t l xc nh s lng cc v thanh ngang cn thit
m bo in tr ca h thng ni t nm trong gii hn yu cu. in tr ca h
thng ni t ph thuc vo loi v s lng cc tip a, cu trc ca h thng
ni t v tnh cht ca t ni t tip a.
Thng thng tng cng cho h thng ni t v tit kim cho h thng
ni t nhn to, ngi ta tn dng cc cng trnh ngm nh ng dn bng kim
loi, cc cu kin b tng ct thp, v cp, nn mngTuy nhin y cn ht
sc lu l khng bao gi c s dng cc ng ng dn nhin liu. in tr
ca tt c cc cng trnh k trn gi l in tr ni t t nhin R
tn
. Gi tr ca in
tr ni t t nhin c xc nh theo phng php o, bng thit b o in tr
tip a. Nu gi tr R
tn
<R
yc
th khng cn phi xy dng them h thng ni t
nhn to. Trong trng hp ngc li th cn tin hnh xc nh gi tr in tr
tip a nhn to R
n.to
.
Trong n ny, s dng phng php tnh ton ni t theo in tr yu
cu (R
yc
) . Phng php gm cc bc chnh nh sau :
1. Xc nh in tr yu cu ca h thng ni t

2. Xc nh in tr ni t nhn to nu c .
3. Chn in cc tip a v xc nh in tr ca chng .
4. Xc nh s lng in cc cn thit khi cha tnh n thanh ni ngang .
5. Xc nh in tr ca h thng ni t nhn to c tnh n in tr ca cc
thanh ni ngang .
6. Xc nh s lng in cc chnh thc:
7. Kim tra iu kin n nh nhit ca h thng ni t;
Tin hnh tnh ton c th cho trm bin p cng sut 2100 kVA .
6.1 Tnh ton ni t :


in tr ni t cho php i vi trm bin p c cng sut ln hn
100kVA l R
td
4 , in tr sut ca vng t o trong i u kin
m trung bnh l = 0,75. 10
4
.cm ( h s hiu chnh ca cc ti p
a l k
cc
= 1, 5 v vi thanh ni ngang l k
nga
= 2 ) ( bng 44.pl ) [ TK 1]
Do khng c h thng tip a t nhin nn in tr ca h thng tip a nhn
to . R
nt
= R
td
= 4 . Chn cc tip a bng thp trn di l = 2,5 m , ng knh
d = 6cm , ng su cch mt t h = 0,75m . in tr tip xc ca cc tip a
c xc nh theo biu thc :
R
cc

Trong :

Vy
R
cc
= =31,7()
S lng cc s b l:
n =
= 7,93cc
ta chn n=8 cc
Gi s trm bin p t trn mt din tch hnh ch nht co kch thc l 10x3,6m
.
Nh vy s cc ny c ng xung quanh trm bin p theo chu vi l :
L = 2.( 10 + 3,6 ) = 27,2m
Khong cch trung bnh gia cc cc l :
O
0
O
O
coc 0 tb
tb
h . 2l 1 4h l
ln ln
2 l d 2 4h l
| | +
= +
|
t
\ .
4
1,5.0, 75.10 2.250 1 4.200 250
ln ln
2.3,14.250 6 2 4.200 250
+
| |
+
|
\ .
coc
nd
R
R
=


l
a
=
= 3.4 m

ta xt t l
/l =3,4/2,5=1,36, Tra bng 49.pl [ TK2] , ta xc nh c h s li

dng ca cc cc tip a l
cc
= 0,58, v thanh ni ngang
ngang
= 0,36 .
Chn thanh ngang gia cc cc tip a bng thp c kch thc bxc = 50x60
mm chn su di lng t
=80(cm)
in tr ca thanh ni ngang l:

= 9,24()
in tr thc t ca thanh ni ngang c xt n h s li dng l :

=25,67()
in tr cn thit ca h thng tip a nhn to c tnh n in tr ca thanh ni
ngang l :

()
S lng cc chnh thc l :

11,5
Vy chn s cc l 12 cc

B=10(m)
2m
3,7
m


Hnh 7.1 S h thng ni t
Kim tra n nh nhit ca h thng ni t :
F
min

74
5 , 2
. 3552 .
) 3 (
1
= =
t
k
k
C
t
I = 75,89 < 50x6 = 300 mm
2
l tit din ngang
ca thanh ngang . Nh vy h thng tip a tha mn v iu kin n nh nhit .
7.2. Tnh ton chng st :
Theo quy chun th ta cn tnh ton chng st cho c trm bin p nhng do thi
gian c hn v s liu dng trong tnh ton cn thiu nn ta ch tnh ton cn thiu
nn ta ch tnh ton chng st cho mt bng phn xng
Ta chon phng php chng st bng ct thu st vi phn xng c
S=24.36=864
chiu cao phn xng l H=4,2(m)

Ta phi tnh ton cho phn xng nm trong phm vi bo v ca ct thu st.
Chn chiu cao ct thu st
h=
=5+4,2=9,2(m)
Bn knh bo v ca ct thu st :

(do h=9,2 (m) <30(m) chn p=1)
S ct cn thit cho ton phn xng l:
N =
=9,13
Ta chn ct chng st cho ton phn xng sao cho s ct chng st s bao trm
c ton phn xng ,qua mt bng phn xng bo m cho tt c cc v tr
c bao ph bi ct chng st nn ta quyt nh chn 12 ct v b tr nh sau:
Hnh 6.2 s b tr ct thu st cho phn xng



36m
4m 9,33
24
m
8,
5
m
3,5
m


Chng VII: D ton cng trnh
7.1 danh mc cc thit b
Trong hch ton cng trnh ta ch xt n cc thit b chnh c nu trong bng di
y
Vn u t cho dy cp:
Bng 7.1 hoch ton gi thnh cho dy cp

Vn u t cho aptomat:
Bng 7.2 hoch ton gi thnh cho aptomat
STT aptomat s lng n gi
V (

1 NS 225E 3 1600 4.8
2 EA103G 10 720 7,2
3 NC 100H 5 380 1.9
4 NC 125H 6 680 4,08
5 SA403-H 5 1800 9
6 5QS3 670-1BA50 5 180 0.9
7 5QS3 670-1BA40 5 150 0.75
STT Tit din(
chiu di(m) n gi.(
V.(

1 35 400 176.4 70.56
2 2.5 53 21.67 1.15
3 4 23 25.34 0.58
4 6 84 42.28 3.55
5 10 82 46.76 3.83
6 16 76 53.76 4.09
7 25 96 64.96 6.24
8 50 42 98.28 4.13
9 95 46 153.72 7.07
10 2.5 253 9.26 2.34
Tng 103.54


8 5QS3 670-1BA32 1 120 0.12
9 5QS3 670-1BA25 10 100 1
10 5QS3 670-1BA16 4 80 0.32
11 5QS3 670-1BA10 3 70 0.21
Tng

30,28

Vn u t cho RCCB
Bng 7.3 hoch ton gi thnh cho RCCB
STT RCCB s lng(ci) n gi.(
V.(

1 CDL7210SC 7 466 3.262
2 CDL7216SC 10 466 4.66
3 CDL7225SC 5 466 2.33
4 CDL7232SC 5 466 2.33
5 CDL7263SC 4 466 1.864
6 CDL7280SC 1 466 0.466
tng

14.912

Vn u t cho cc thit b cn li:

STT Tn thit b Quy cch n v S lng n gi;10 V;10
6

1 dao cch ly DT24/200 ci 2 4500 9
2 my ct 3AF 611-4 ci 3 38000 114
3 my bin dng BI BD6/1 b 2 1000 2
4 thanh ci 253 ci 4 60 0.24
5 v t in ci 2 1000 2
6 ampe k 0-200 ci 2 400 0.8


7 vn k 0-500 ci 2 310 0.62
8 cng t 3 pha ci 2 600 1.2
9 n 100W ci 32 20 0.64
10 n 200W ci 54 50 2.7
11 qut ht 300W ci 20 400 8
12 my bin p 100KVA ci 2 118580 237.16
13 t ng lc ci 4 5000 20
14 t chiu sng 1 ci 1 5000 5
15 qut trn 120W ci 8 400 3.2
tng 406.56

7.2cc loi chi ph
7.2.1 chi ph u t
Tng gi thnh cng trnh l:
V
=103,54+30,28+14,912+406,56=555,292.
()
Tng gi thnh c tnh cho cng sut lp t :

6
. 1,1.555, 292 617,58.10 (d)
l
V k V
E
= = =

Trong :
k
l
: h s lp t , ly bng 1,1

Gi thnh mt n v cng sut lp t:

6
6
617, 58.10
1, 75.10 /
354
V
g KVA
S
= = =



Chi ph vn hnh hng nm
=0,02.617,58.
=12,35.
()
Trong
:t l vn hnh v sa cha nh (tra bng 5b.pl.BT)

Tng chi ph quy i

=(0,183.617,58+12,35).
=125,37.
(/nm)
Tng in nng tiu th:

139,14.4000=556560 (kWh)
Tng chi ph trn mt n v in nng:

6
125, 37
.10 225, 26(d/ )
556560
Z
g kWh
A
= = =

7.2.2 chi ph vn hnh hng nm
Cc chi ph vn hnh hng nm trong mng in c xc nh nh sau:

Trong :
l vn u t xy dng ng dy.
l vn u t xy dng trm bin p.
l h s vn hnh ng dy (=0,04)
l h s vn hnh trm bin p (0,64)

Cn c vo bi ra ta ly gi in trung bnh C=1400 (/kWh)
Nh vy:
Y=0,04.103,54+0,064.237,16.
43,97 ()
7.3 cc loi gi thnh quy v nm 0
7.3.1 chi ph vn hnh dy tnh hng nm quy v nm 0 (i=12%)


Chi ph vn hnh ng dy tnh hng nm quy v nm 0 c tnh theo cng
thc:
V
vh
0
=0,04.V
0
d
.
=0,04.103,54.10
6
.4,968=20,57. 10
6
()

7.3.2.Chi ph vn hnh my bin p hng nm quy v nm 0 l
V
vt
0
=0,064.V
0
t
.
=0,064.237,26.10
6
. 4,968=70,72.10
6
()
7.3.3.Chi ph tn tht in nng hng nm quy v nm 0 l
Y
0
0
=
(vi k=08)
Theo kt qu tnh ton ta c:
Y
0
(0)= .c=16,43.
.1400=24,65.10
6
()
Y
0
(1-0)= .c .
=23,77.10
6
()
Y
0
(2-0)= .c .
=22,92. 10
6
()
Y
0
(3-0)= .c .
=22,1. 10
6
()
Y
0
(4-0)= .c .
=21,31. 10
6
()
Y
0
(5-0)= .c .
=20,55. 10
6
()
Y
0
(6-0)= .c .
=19,82. 10
6
()


Y
0
(7-0)= .c .
=19,11. 10
6
()
Y
0
(-0)= .c .
=18,43. 10
6
()
Vy Y
0
0
= 168,01. 10
6
()
7.3.4.Tng chi ph hng nm quy v nm 0 l
Z=V
d
+V
t
+ V
0
vh
+V
0
vht
+ Y
0
0
=(20,57+70,72+168,01+103,54+237,16).
10
6
() =600.
()
7.3.5.Gi thnh truyn ti l
Tng in nng truyn ti trong 8 nm l:
A=8.P
.T
M
=8.139,14.4000=4,45. 10
6
(kWh)
Gi thnh truyn ti in c tnh theo cng thc:
C=
=134,83(/kWh).
Bng 7.6.bng tng kt cng trnh
Tn n v S lng
Vn u t 10
6
617,58
Tn tht in nng kWh 24,65
Chi ph vn hnh hng nm 10
6
91,29
Chi ph tnh ton hng nm 10
6
600
in nng tiu th trong
nm
kWh 556560
Gi thnh truyn ti in
nng khi xy xong
/kWh 134,83



Phn II: Cc gii php nng cao hiu qu s dng in
trong phn xng
in nng l nng lng s dng ch yu ca cc x nghip cng nghip.
cc x nghip ny tiu th khong 70% tng s in nng sn xut ra, v vy vn
s dng hp l v tit kim in nng trong cc x nghip c ngha rt ln.
in nng b tn tht ln trong qu trnh truyn ti c bit l tp trung ch yu
mng in x nghip bi v mng in x nghip thng dung in p thp, ng
dy li di v phn tn ti tng ph ti. Chnh v vy m vic thc hin cc bin
php tit kim in nng trong x nghip cng nghip c ngha rt quan trng
khng nhng c li cho bn than x nghip m cn c li chung cho nn kinh t
t nc.
cho vic thc hin tit kim in trong phn xng c hiu qu di v
n nh, ta cn tin hnh trn 2 phng php: gii php k thut v gii php hnh
chnh.
1. Gii php k thut
1.1 s dng bin php b nng cao cos
1.1.1 Cc thit b b
- T in:
L thit b tnh, lm vic vi dng in vt mc trc in p c th sinh
ra cng sut phn khng Q cung cp cho mng in.
- My b ng b
My b ng b l mt loi ng c ng b lm vic khng ti
- ng c khng ng b Roto dy qun c ng b ha
Khi cho dng in mt chiu vo Roto ca ng c khng ng b dy
qun, ng c s lm vic nh ng c ng b vi dng in vt trc in p.
Do , ng c c kh nng sinh ra cng sut phn khng cung cp cho mng.
Loi my b ny c coi l km hiu qu nn t c s dng tr khi khng c t
hoc my b ng b.
Ngoi cc thit b trn cn c th dung ng c ng b lm vic
ch qu kch t hoc my pht in lm vic ch b.
1.1.2 Tnh ton b cng sut phn khng (dng t b).
- Xc nh v tr t b
i vi phn xng sa cha c kh v cng sut ca phn xng khng
qu ln, cng sut ca cc ng c nh nn khng t b cc t ng lc s
phn tn v tn km (chi ph cho t b, cho t). Hn na, vic xc nh dung


lng b ti u cho tng t ng lc l kh khn. Ngoi t ng lc cc ph ti
thng thong v lm mt cng tiu th cng sut phn khng. Nh vy n
gin s t b tp trung cnh t phn phi.
- Xc nh dung lng b cn thit:
Yu cu h s cng sut cn nng ln l cos . Nn tg
2
=0,484.
C: cos
1
= 0,7. Nn tg
1
=1,02.
Do dung lng b cn thit l:
Q
b
=P
.(tg
1
-tg
2
)=139,14.(1,02-0,484)=74,58(kVAr)
Theo dung lng b cn thit tnh c trn, tra bng 40.pl[TK2] chn
c 3 t in loi KM2-0,38-25.Y c cng sut nh mc Q
bn
=25(kVAr) mc
song song .
- nh gi hiu qu b cng sut phn khng:
Cng sut biu kin sau khi b l:
S
=P
+Q
= 139,14+j66,9 kVA
Gi tr modul
S
(kVA)
Sau khi t b, tn tht in nng trn on dy t ngun ti bin p, t
bin p ti t phn phi v trong my bin p s gim. Cc tn tht ny s c
tnh nh cc phn trn.
Tn tht in nng trn on dy t ngun ti bin p, t bin p ti t
phn phi v trong my bin p trc khi b l:
Trn on Ngun TBA:

Trn on TBA- TPP:
2 2
3 3
0 2 2
198, 77
. . . .0, 21.23.10 .2405.10 1589,16
2. 2.0, 38
TBA TPP
S
A r L
U
t

A = = = (kWh)

Trong my bin p :

2
01
.
k
BA
P
A n P t
n
n
s
s
t
A
A = A +
| |
|
\ .



2
2, 05 198, 77
2 0, 32 8760 .2405 15346
2 100
| |
= + =
|
\ .
(kwh)

Vy hao tn in nng trc khi b l:

(kWh)
Tn tht in nng sau khi b l:

(kWh)

Lng in nng tit kim c sau khi b l:

(kWh)
S tin tit kim c trong nm:

()
Vn u t ban u cho t b:
()
Chi ph vn hnh t:

()
Chi ph quy i:
()
P: h s tiu chun s dng vn v khu hao thit b, ly bng MBA l 0,191
Tng s tin tit kim c do t t b hang nm l:

()
Nh vy vic b cng sut phn khng mang li hiu qu kinh t cao.
Khng nhng gip ta gim tn tht m cn gp phn tit kim chi ph cho phn
xng.
1.2 s dng bin tn
Cc ph ti ng lwucj ch yu l cc ng c chim in nng ln nht
trong nh my, bn cnh vic hot ng ca cc ng c ny ph thuc vo
dy chuyn sn xut v nh th ti m cc ng c lun thay i. Thng thng
cc dng c nh my bm, qut gi..v.v
Nh vy trong qu trnh lm vi s c lng in tiu th v ch v v hnh
chn lm chi ph in nng tng cao ln.
Do vy gii php l lp bin tn iu khin hot ng ca cc ng c theo
ti thc ca n.
B bin tn lm vic theo nguyn l sau:



Hnh 8.1 s nguyn l hot ng ca bin tn
+ u tin, ngun in xoay chiu 1 pha hay 3 pha c chnh lu v lc thnh
ngn 1 chiu bng phng. Cng on ny c thc hin b b chnh lu cu
diode v t in. Nh vy, h s cng sut cos ca h bin tn u c gi tr
khng ph thuc vo ti v c gi tr t nht 0,96.
+ Sau in p mt chiu ny c bin i (nghch lu) thnh in p xoay
chiu 3 pha i xng. Cng on ny hin nay c thc hin thng qua h IGBT
(transistor lng cc c cn cch ly) bng phng php iu ch n rng xung
(PWM). Nh tin b ca cng ngh vi s l v cng ngh bn dn lc hin nay,
tn s chun mch xung c th ln ti di tn s siu m nhm gim ting n cho
ng c v gim tn tht trn li st ng c.
H thng in p xoay chiu 3 pha u ra c th thay i gi tr bin v
tn s v cp ty theo b iu khin.
Bin tn c dung trong cc thit b sau trong phn xng.
- Qut gi
- My p quay
- Cn cu
c im chung ca cc thit b ny
- Ti lun thay i.
- Cng sut ln.
Li ch ca vic s dng bin tn cho cc thit b:
- Hiu sut lm vic ca my cao.
- An ton tin li v lm vic bo dng cng t hn do vy gim bt nhn
cng phc v v vn hnh my.
- Tit kim in nng mt cc ti a.
- Qu trnh khi ng v dng ng c rt m du nn gip cho tui th
ca ng c di hn.
M


V d: i vi qut gi khi khng s dng bin tn th ngi ta phi dung l
chn ng gm cc cnh hnh qut c trc qua theo bn knh.C ng c nh iu
khin tc quay ca cc l chn ny, to ra cc khe h rng hay he ty theo
yu cu cho gi thi qua. Vic iu khin lu lng gi kiu ny tuy c em li
hiu qu v iu chnh lu lng gi nhng khng kinh t v ng c vn lm vic
gn nh khng thay i, lng in tiu th khng gim c bao nhiu m lng
tn hao trn cc thit b khng ch nh l chc cn ln. Mt khc cc l chn b
mn i rt nhanh lm nh hng ti ng c lm ta mt them chi ph bo dng.
i vi bin tn th khc, ta ch vic thay tn s ca qut iu chnh tc
quay ca qut do vy lng in tiu th cng t i m qu trnh khi ng ca
ng c rt nh, gip tui th ng c di hn.
1.3 Gim mc tiu th cng sut phn khng
Vic b cng sut phn khng c lm trong phn xng, tuy nhin
vic s dng cc thieeys b b nhiu s lm tn hao trn cc thit b b. Do vy
ngoi vic b ra cn phi vn hnh cc ng c (ch yu l ng c khng ng
b) sao cho tn tht t nht cng sut phn khng, iu c ngha rt ln trong
tit kim in nng trong nh my.
Cc ng c khng ng b trong nh my tiu th mt lng ng k
cng sut phn khng. Lng cng sut phn khng m ng c tiu th ph
thuc h s mang ti, c biu th bi:
Q=

Trong : Q
0
: l cng sut phn khng lc ng c lm vic khng ti.
Q
m
: l cng sut phn khng lc ng c lm vic vi ti nh
mc;
k
mt
: l h s mang ti ca thit b in.
Thng thng thnh phn cng sut phn khng khng ti chim ti (60-
70)% tng cng sut phn khng m thit b tiu th. Nh vy chng ta thy khi
h s mang ti c gi tr nh th lng tiu th cng sut phn khng s tng. Vic
truyn ti mt lng cng sut phn khng qua mng in, gy ta mt toont tht
ln, t l vi bnh phng tr s ca chng. Ngoi ra vic truyn ti cng sut
phn khng cn lm nh hng xu n cht lng in p.
T nhng phn tch trn chng ta thy c th p dng mt s gii php
gim cng sut phn khng nh sau:
- Hn ch thi gian lm vic khng ti ca cc ng c. C rt nhiu
cch lm nh b tr dy chuyn sn xut hp l, ca lm vic khp kn, thi gian
trng t nht, trong qu trnh sn xut th cc dy cu loa, v tr my b di chuyn,


nhng nguyn nhn lm cho my khng t cng sut ng ca n do vy cng
lm lng ph nng lng in.
- Gim in p t vo cun dy non ti. Khi khng c kh nng thay
th ng c khng ng b non ti, c th dung bin php gim in p trn ng
c. Vic gim in p trn cc ng c khng ng b xung tr s nh cho php
U
min
dn n gim s tiu th cng sut phn khng (do gim dng t ha). Khi
tn tht cng sut tc dng cng gim xung, kt qu l lm tng hiu sut ca
ng c. Bin php ny c khc phc i vi nhng ng c c ti thng
xuyn thay i l bin tn, cn vi nhng ng c c ti c nh th thng p
dng thay i t u dy ca stato v phn on cc cun dy stato.
1.4 Khi ng mm v dng mm
- Khi ng mm
Phng php khi ng mm c p dng y l hn ch in p u
cc ng c, tng dn in p thoe mt chng trnh thch hp in p tng
tuyn tnh t mt gi tr xc nh n in p h mc. l qu trnh khi ng
mm (ramp) ton b qu trnh khi ng c iu khi ng m thyristor bng
b vi s l 16bit vi cc cng vo ra tng ng, tn s gi khng i theo tn s
in p li.
ng dng b khi ng mm vo trong phn xng:
- My p, my bo, my khoan, my tin.
c im chung ca cc ng c p dng khi ng mm:
- Dng khi ng ln (gy st p khi khi ng).
- Lm vic ti khng thng xuyn (c thi khng ti hoc non ti nhiu).
- C qun tnh ln.
Hiu qu khi s dng b khi ng mm:
- Trnh c st p trong li in.
- Tit kim in nng ng c chy non ti, khng ti bng cch iu chnh
in p t vo ng c, vic gim in p do lm gim dng in,
dn n gim bt c tn hao ng v tn hao st trong ng c.
- Chc nng bo v ng c nh bo v qu ti, bo v mt pha
- Dng mm
Khi ct trc tip ngun in cc ng c c mmen qun tnh nh nh cn
cu m bo khng nguy him cho ngi, thit b v sn phm.
Nh chc nng dng mm m in p ng c c gim t t trong
khong t 1 n 20 giy ty thuc vo yu cu.. in p ban u cho dng mm
Ustop=0,9Un v in p cui qu trnh vo khong 0,85 in p ban u. Thi


gian ramp in p ti 1000s cng in p u v cui qu trnh dng mm t theo
chng trnh.

o
Lnh dng
in p ng c khi dng t do in p ng c khi dng mm

Nh vy, thc cht dng mm l c ko di qu trnh dng bng cch
gim t t in p ngun cung cp vo ng c. Nu trong qu trnh dng m c
lnh khi ng, th qu trnh dng ny lp tc b hy b v ng c khi ng tr
li.
1.5 Gii php tit kim trong chiu sng.
- Khi a vo s dng khi thy sang cc bong n khng cn nh trc
th cn lau chi, c th thay mi. Nn thp sang khi cn, vn ny c th lp
them cng tc bt ngay ti ni lm vic (nu c th).
- S dng cc thit b t ng bt tt cc thit b theo thi gian hoc ca-
kip trong ngy.
- Thay th tt c bong n si t bng bong n tit kim in.
2. Gii php hnh chnh
Thc t chng minh cc yu t cng ngh ch gip gim tn tht 1 phn
nht nh no . Ngoi ra lng tn tht nng lng ph thuc rt nhiu vo
thc v trch nhim ca nhnn vin, ca ngi vn hnh. C th p dng 1 s gii
php sau vo trong qun l vic s dng in trong nh phn xng:
- Tnh ton chuyn s dng in lc cao im sang lc thp im s lm
gim chi ph mua in cho phn xng do chnh sch gi in m vn khng lm
thay i tnge in nng tiu th trong h thng in.
- Thng xuyn t chc tp hun tuyn truyn thc hin tit kim in, nng
cao nhn thc cho ngi lao ng. Quy nh thi gian ng ngt cho cc thit b
nh qut in, n chiu sang khi ht ca, gi n tra
U
T
O
Lnh dng



- Th hin giao khon nh mc s dng in cho phn xng, cng vic
ny c lm sau khi nh my i vo hot ng nn nh v c bng theo di cng
sut tiu th ng vi mi phn xng trong thi gian c nh. Trong bin php
ny, i vi phn xng c cc ca lm vic khc nhau, cn phi thng xuyn
kim tra, gim st, tuyn truyn cho tng thnh vin trong ca lm vic. Giao
nhim v cho t trng, ca trng lm nhim v ny. Mc ch lm cho mi
ngi tham gia sn xut trong ca c thc tit kim in v thc ny phi
thng trc trong mi c nhn.
- C ch thng, pht cho phn xng, n v c thnh tch tit kim t,
vt ch tiu v cc phn xng cha t ch tiu.


TNG KT
Trong phm vi n ny trnh by v thit k cung cp in cho mt
phn xng sn xut cng nghip. n ny gm :
Phn I:Thit k mng in cho phn xng
Chng 1: tnh ton chiu sng cho phn xng
Chng 2 : Tnh ton ph ti in
Chng 3: Xc nh s cung cp in cho phn xng
Chng 4: La chn v kim tra cc thit b s
Chng 5: Tnh ton ch mng in
Chng 6: Tnh ton ni t
Chng 7: D ton cng trnh
Phn 2: Cc gii php nng cao hiu qu s dng in trong phn
xng
Phn 3: Cc hnh v
thc hin ni dung trn, n phi s l cc s liu tnh ton thit k
v la chn cc ch tiu, c tnh k thut, vch cc phng n v la
chn phng n ti u nht.

Ti Liu Tham kho
[TK1].Bi tp cung cp in .Tc gi Ts.Trn Quang Khnh,nh xut bn khoa
hc k thut H ni
[TK2]Gio trnh cung cp in theo tiu chun IEC .Tc gi Trn Quang
Khnh,nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut H Ni
[TK3]Gio trnh cung cp in .Tc gi Ng Hng Quang,nh xut bn gio dc
Vit nam

Lời Nói Đầu: Đồ Án Cung Cấp Điện Gvhd:Th.S Phạm Anh Tuân

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Copyright:

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Lời Nói Đầu: Đồ Án Cung Cấp Điện Gvhd:Th.S Phạm Anh Tuân

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n cung cp in GVHD:Th.

s Phm Anh Tun

= 1500 /kWh; sut thit hi

cos Cng sut t P,kW theo cc

h s li dng quang thng cu n H

h s d tr,thng ly bng 1,2-1,3

ni t ngun vo trm bin

= 6,21.1500= 0,009 .10

=179(A) theo bng 18.pl[TK2]

:h s ph thuc vo phng thc lp t (=0,95)

: h s ph thuc vo s lng mach cp(=1)

=278(A) theo bng 18.pl[TK2]

=94(A) theo bng 18.pl[TK2]

=119(A) theo bng 18.pl[TK2]

=54(A) theo bng 18.pl[TK2]

:h s ph thuc vo phng thc lp t (

: h s ph thuc vo s lng mach cp(

=30(A) theo bng 18.pl[TK2]

= 1,2. .2,72= 4,62 ( kA)

:gi tr dng in ngn mch 3 pha ln nht i qua thit b

: h s ph thuc vo tnh cht vt liu dn in.tra bng 8pl[TK2]c

:h s hiu chnh theo nhit mi trng =1

/l =3,4/2,5=1,36, Tra bng 49.pl [ TK2] , ta xc nh c h s li

chiu cao phn xng l H=4,2(m)

chiu di(m) n gi.(

:t l vn hnh v sa cha nh (tra bng 5b.pl.BT)

l vn u t xy dng trm bin p.

l h s vn hnh trm bin p (0,64)

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