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n tt nghip
Thit k nh my bia ln men bng phng php c
in vi nng sut 20 triu lt/nm
MC LC
M U
Bia l loi nc ung c cn thp, giu dinh dng. Ngoi vic cung cp
mt lng calori kh ln, trong bia cn cha mt h enzim phong ph, kch thch tiu
ho cho c th con ngi.
Nguyn liu chnh dng sn xut bia l malt i mch, hoa houblon v
nc vi mt quy trnh cng ngh kh c bit. Ngoi ra tng hiu qu kinh t
cng nh a dng ho sn phm, cc nh my sn xut bia cn dng mt s loi
nguyn liu thay th nh: i mch cha ny mm, go, ng tch phi, ..
Ngy nay, do phng php thc hin, do nguyn liu, do nm men s dng
khc nhau m c rt nhiu loi bia khc nhau. Mi loi c c trng bi mi, v,
mu sc, ru khc nhau.
Nc ta c kh hu nhit i nn nhu cu s dng bia kh nhiu. Lng bia
tiu th trong c nc tng vt trong nhng nm qua. S pht trin ca nn kinh t
Trong thnh phn ho hc ca malt quan trng nht l hm lng tinh bt.
Hm lng tinh bt cng cao cng tt, nhng hm lng protein phi nm trong
khong 9-12%, nu cao hn th bia s b c, kh bo qun, nu thp hn th bia km
bt, km v m v km theo cc ch s non yu khc.
2.1.3 Yu cu v cht lng:
Malt dng sn xut bia phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
- Sch, c mi thm c trng, c v ngt, mu vng sng ng u. Khng
c c mi v l, khng mc, khng hi khi.
- Kch thc ht malt phi ng u: ht trn sng 2,8 mm v chim 94%,
ht di sng 2,2 mm khng qu 0,5%.
- Khi lng ring ca malt: 520600 g/l
- m ca malt khng qu 6%
- Malt c thi gian ng ho 1035 pht, hot lc amylaza l 100300 n
v.
Malt sau khi nhp t nc ngoi v c bo qun trong kho vi thi gian
d tr sn xut khong mt thng.
2.2 Hoa houblon:
2.2.1 Vai tr:
Hoa houblon l nguyn liu khng th thiu c trong sn xut bia. Lm
cho bia c v ng d chu, hng thm c trng, lm tng kh nng to v gi bt,
lm tng bn keo v n nh thnh phn sinh hc ca sn phm.
Trong sn xut bia ngi ta s dng hoa ci cha th phn v hoa th
phn s to ht lm gim cht lng bia. Hoa c s dng di nhiu dng khc
nhau: dng hoa nguyn cnh, hoa vin, cao hoa, Tuy nhin, khng s dng 100%
cao hoa v s lm cho mi, v ca bia b gim st.
Nh my s dng hoa houblon dng hoa nguyn v dng vin. S dng
hoa nguyn c u im l bo ton c cht lng, nhng ng thi cng c nhc
im l gi thnh cao, kh bo qun.
2.2.1 Thnh phn ho hc:
+ flo: 1 mg/l
+ km: 5 mg/l
+ nitrat: 35 mg/l
cu ca kho bo qun l phi kh ro, thong, cch m, cch nhit tt, khng c mt
cc loi vi sinh vt gy bnh, cn trng
ng tch phi
lm sch
lm sch
nghin
nghin mn
bt malt
nc
trch 10% so vi ng
bt ng
ho trn
ho trn
m ho
h ho
un si
hi cho
ng ho
nc 780C
hoa houblon
lc dch ng v ra b
nc
hot ho
ln men chnh
CO2
sa men
ln men ph v tng tr bia non
men ging
lc bia
cn
x l
np bnh
n nh bia
chit rt
thanh trng
thnh phm
Chuyn cc cht c trong nguyn liu t trng thi khng ho tan sang trng
thi ho tan nh tc ng ca cc h enzim thu phn.
3.2.3.2 Phng php nu:
C ba phng php nu bia l phng php ngm, phng php un si v
phng php kt hp gia un si vi ngm.
u im ca phng php ngm l thi gian nu ngn nn t tn nng lng,
nhng c nhc im l khi nu khng c un si nn ng ho khng trit .
u im ca phng php un si l ph v trit cu trc t bo tinh bt
nn tng hiu sut qu trnh thu phn. Nhc im ca phng php ny l thi
gian nu ko di, tn nhiu nng lng v c th xy ra cc phn ng ph khng cn
thit.
V nh my c s dng 10% nguyn liu thay th nn chn phng php kt
hp gia ngm v un si mt ln.
3.2.3.3 Tin hnh nu:
Sau khi nghin xong, nguyn liu c em i nu ngay v nu lu bt
nghin s b chua, nh hng n cht lng bia sau ny. T l phi trn nguyn
liu: nc nu l:
malt : nc = 1 kg : 3 lt
ng : nc = 1 kg : 3,5 lt
- Ni ng: ng nghin mn vi 10% bt malt lt (so vi tng lng ng)
c em vo phi trn vi nc m 320C theo ng t l trn v bt cnh khuy
khuy trn 5 pht. Khi phi trn xong, nhit ni nu s h xung khong 30 0C, b
sung axit lactic h pH xung cn 5,6. Sau nng nhit khi nu ln 660C vi
tc khong 10C/pht v gi nhit ny 30 pht h ho tinh bt. Sau nng
nhit khi nu n nhit si trong 30 pht v gi si 30 pht. Trong sut qu
trnh nu ng phi khuy trn lin tc trnh kh st y ni, vn tc cnh khuy
khong 3040 vng/pht.
- Ni malt: khi ni ng bt u nng nhit un si th ni malt cng cho
nc m 320C vo trc ri tin hnh xung bt ho malt trong 10 pht. Dng axit
t0C
T (ph)
cho ng
cho malt
dch cho hn hp
3.2.4 Lc dch ng:
3.2.4.1 Mc ch:
Tin hnh lng trong trong thit b whirlpool v lm lnh bng thit b lm
lnh bn mng vi cht ti lnh l glycol.
Thit b whirlpool c u im l m bo v trng v dch ng khi a vo
thit b cng nh ra khi thit b nhit rt cao (khong 90 0C) v thi gian lng
ch khong 20 pht.
Dch ng vo thit b na phn di v theo phng tuyp tuyn vi vn
tc khong 1014 m/s, dch ng s chuyn ng trn trong thit b, cc kt ta s
lng xung tm ca thit b.
Sau khi lng 20 pht, dch trong c a i lm lnh n nhit ln
men, cn cn c loi b. Ti thit b lm lnh, dch ln men nng tin hnh trao i
nhit gin tip vi glycol, nhit ca dch ng h dn xung khong 9 0C, thi
gian lm lnh khng vt qu 1 gi.
3.2.8 Ln men chnh:
3.2.8.1 Mc ch:
Chuyn ho cc cht ng v dextrin thp phn t trong nc nha thnh
C2H5OH, CO2. ng thi, cn to ra cc sn phm ph nh este, axit hu c, ru
bc cao, aldehyt, glyxerin ho tan vo dch ln men to thnh bia non.
3.2.8.2 Tin hnh:
Dch ln men sau khi lm lnh c b sung khng kh v trng (khong 8 mg
O2/lt dch ng) ri a vo thng ln men. Dch men ging c chuyn vo
thng ln men theo lung dch ng vi t l 1 lt men ging c/100 lt dch ln
men nhm to iu kin cho nm men tip xc tt vi mi trng. Nhit ln men
chnh l 90C, p sut d trong thit b ln men chnh l 0,20,4 at, CO2 sinh ra trong
qu trnh ln men s ho tan vo bia non mt phn. ho tan ca CO 2 vo bia non
s tng khi nhit gim, do m bo lng CO2 ho tan trong bia nhiu th
nhit thi k cui ca qu trnh ln men khong 50C, hm lng CO2 trong bia
non phi t 0,2%. Thi gian ln men chnh ph thuc vo nng dch ln men u
tin v nhit ln men. Ln men chnh c xem l kt thc khi cht chit trong
Lm
on
sch
Nghin
Nu,
Houblon
lc
ho
trong
Ln
Ln
men
men
lm
chnh
ph
0,5
Chit
Lc
rt v
bia
thanh
trng
lnh
Tiu
hao,
%
0,5
S ngy
lm vic
Phn
xng
S
ca
11
12
10
26
19
27
25
26
26
26
27
25
27
26
280
78
57
81
75
78
78
78
81
75
81
78
840
52
38
54
50
52
52
52
54
50
54
52
560
234
171
243
225
234
234
234
243
225
243
234
2520
nm
nu
Phn
xng
chit
rt
S m nu
90 (100 5)
= 85,50
100
Ng:
10 (100 11)
= 8,90
100
(kg)
(kg)
malt:
- Nguyn liu:
85,50 (100 1)
= 84,65 (kg)
100
ng:
8,90 (100 1)
= 8,81
100
(kg)
malt:
84,65 100
= 89,11
100 5
(kg)
ng:
8,81 100
= 9,90
100 11
(kg)
- Nguyn liu:
malt:
ng:
malt:
84,23 100
= 88,66
100 5
(kg)
ng:
8,77 100
= 9,85
100 11
(kg)
(kg)
80
= 67,38
100
80
= 7,02
100
(kg)
(kg)
Tng lng cht kh chuyn vo dch ng khi nu: 67,38 + 7,02 = 74,40 (kg)
4.3.5 Lng cht kh cn li sau qu trnh nu v lc:
74,40
(100 3)
= 72,17
100
(kg)
[6, tr 341]
[1, tr 58]
[1, tr 12]
(100 1)
= 71,45 (kg)
100
71,45 100
= 458,01 (kg)
14,2 + 1,4
[1, tr 58]
458,01 1.043,43 10 6
10 3 = 448,97 (lt)
6
1.063,62 1.000,77 10
(100 2)
= 70,02 (kg)
100
[1, tr 58]
437,63 10 3
= 410,79 (lt)
1.065,34
[1, tr 12]
(100 1)
= 406,45 (lt)
100
(100 0,5)
= 404,42 (lt)
100
(100 1)
= 400,37 (lt)
100
(100 3)
= 388,36 (lt)
100
1g hoa vin thay th cho 3g hoa nguyn cnh. Do lng hoa vin cn dng
l:
1.441,65 65
= 312,36 (g) 0,312 (kg)
100 3
[8, tr 76]
Theo (4.3.3) lng nguyn liu sau khi nghin: 88,66 + 9,85 = 98,51 (kg)
Lng b t thu hi c:
98,51 120
= 118,21 (kg)
100
60
(504,58 + 312,36) 10 3 = 0,49( Kg )
100
0,49 100
= 2,45( Kg )
100 80
[8, tr 76]
501,03 0,05
= 25,05 (g)
1
410,55 1
= 4,11 (lt)
100
70,02 58
= 40,61 (kg)
100
40,61 176
= 20,90 (kg)
342
Hm lng CO2 trong bia chim 0,4%, do hm lng CO2 trong bia l:
388,36 0,4
= 1,55 (kg)
100
410,55 2
= 8,21 (lt)
100
410,55 1
= 4,11 (lt)
100
20 10 6 100
= 5.149.860,95 (kg)
388,36
5.149.860,95
= 18.392,40 (kg)
280
Malt:
18.392,40 90
= 16.553,16 (kg)
100
Ng:
18.392,40 10
= 1.839,24 (kg)
100
18.392,40 89,11
= 16.389,47 (kg)
100
Ng:
18.392,40 9,90
= 1.820,85 (kg)
100
18.392,40 88,66
= 16.306,70 (kg)
100
Ng:
18.392,40 9,85
= 1.811,65 (kg)
100
501,03 18.392,40
= 92.151,44 (lt)
100
18.392,40 410,55
= 75.510,00 (lt)
100
18.392,40 406,45
= 74.755,91 (lt)
100
18.392,40 404,42
= 74.382,54 (lt)
100
18.392,40 400,37
= 73.637,65 (lt)
100
18.392,40 388,36
= 71.428,72 (lt)
100
18.392,40 504,58 10 3
= 92,80 (kg)
100
18.392,40 312,36 10 3
= 57,45 (kg)
- Hoa vin:
100
18.392,40 118,21
= 21.741,66 (kg)
100
2,45 18.392,40
= 450,61( Kg )
100
18.392,40 4,11
= 755,93 (lt)
100
18.392,40 8,21
= 1.510,02 (lt)
100
18.392,40 19,35
= 3.558,93 (kg)
100
4.5.3 Lng np y:
Nh my s dng 1 np/1 chai vi lng hao ht np l 2%/nm.
Lng np cn s dng cho mt nm l:
20 10 6
2 20 10 6
+
(
) = 61.818.181,82 (np)
0,33
100 0,33
Chn 61.818.182 (np)
4.5.4 Kt ng chai:
Nh my s dng loi kt 20 chai/kt.
Lng kt cn trong mt chu k l:
6.493.520
= 324.676 (kt)
20
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
Malt
Ng
Malt
Ng
Malt
Ng
(kg)
Dch ng un si
Dch ng sau houblon ho 1000C
(lt)
Dch ln men (lt)
Bia sau ln men chnh (lt)
Bia sau ln men ph (lt)
Lng bia sau lc (lt)
Lng bia thnh phm (lt)
Lng b nguyn liu (kg)
Lng hoa nguyn cnh (kg)
Lng hoa vin (kg)
Lng b hoa (Kg)
Lng CO2 thu hi (kg)
Lng men ging (lt)
Lng men thu hi (lt)
Lng chai
Lng nhn
Lng np
Lng kt
Tnh
cho
Tnh cho
Tnh cho
Tnh cho 1
100 kg
90
10
89,11
9,90
88,66
9,85
501,03
1 m
1 ngy
nm
1.839,24
204,36
1.821,05
202,32
1.811,85
201,29
10.239,05
16.553,16
1.839,24
16.389,47
1.820,85
16.306,70
1.811,65
92.151,44
4.634.884,8
514.987,2
4.589.051,6
509.838,0
4.565.876,0
507.262
25.802.403,2
448,97
9.175,15
82.576,36
23.121.380,8
410,55
406,45
404,42
400,37
388,36
118,21
0,505
0,312
2,45
19,35
4,11
8,21
8.390,00
8.306,21
8.264,73
8.181,96
7.936,52
2.415,74
10,31
6,38
50,07
395,44
83,99
167,78
75.510,00
74.755,91
74.382,54
73.637,65
71.428,72
21.741,66
92,80
57,45
450,61
3.558,93
755,93
1.510,02
21.142.800,0
20.931.654,8
20.827.111,2
20.618.542,0
20.000.041,6
6.087.664,8
25.984
16.086
126.170,8
996.500,4
211.660,4
422.805,6
10.064.956
61.818.182
61.818.182
396.105
2.043,6 60
= 1.362,4 (kg/h) 1,36 (tn/h)
90
Chn 1 my lm sch dng chung cho c hai loi nguyn liu, c nhn hiu
3M-2,5 vi cc thng s sau:
[16, tr 29]
- Nng sut ti a
: 2,5 tn/h
- Kch thc
- Cng sut in
: 4,6 kw
- S lng
: 1 ci
1,82 60
= 1,21 (tn/h)
90
: 0,3 0,6 m
- Vn tc gc ca trc nghin
: 38 rad/s
: 1,5 tn/h
: 10 kw
- Khi lng my
: 3.050 kg
- Kch thc
- S lng
: 1 ci
[16, tr 29]
0,2 60
= 0,13 (tn/h)
90
: 0,2-0,75 tn/h
[16, tr 83]
: 3.000 vng/pht
: 3;6;10 mm
: 7 kw
- Kch thc ca my
- Khi lng
: 340 kg
- S lng
: 1 my
V: th tch bunke, m3
H h2
600
h1
V = D 2
h2 h1 D 2 d 2 D d
+ (
+
+ ) (1)
4 3
4
4
2 2
M h1 =
Dd
tg . Chn h2=1,3D v d = 0,2 m, h = 0,2 m
2
T (1) ta c kt qu:
V =
29,94 D 3 0,043
(2)
24
1.821,05
= 3,61 (m3)
560 0,9
29,94 D 3 0,043
= 3,61
T (2) V =
24
D = 1,43
[9, tr 132]
202,32
= 0,22 m3
1000 0,9
29,94 D 3 0,043
= 0,22
T (2) V =
24
D = 0,56 m
2,5 tn/h
125 mm
135 mm
QH
,
367
[2, tr110]
Kw
[2, tr 115]
Nc =
2,5 3,46
= 0,034 (Kw)
367 0,7
S lng: 1 gu ti
5.1.5.2 Gu ti chuyn malt v ng sau khi lm sch ln bunke cha:
Chn 1 gu ti vi cc thng s k thut ging mc (5.1.5.1)
Chiu cao nng ca gu: H = 13 m
Cng sut ng c truyn ng: Nc =
2,5 13
= 0,127 (Kw)
367 0,7
S lng: 1 gu ti
5.1.5.3 Gu ti chuyn bt malt ln bunke cha:
n gin trong qu trnh vn hnh, ta chn gu c nng sut bng nng
sut my nghin malt.
Chn gu ti c cc thng s k thut sau:
- Nng sut:
1,5 tn/h
12,8 m
1,5 12,8
= 0,075 (Kw)
367 0,7
S lng: 1 gu ti
5.1.5.4 Gu ti chuyn bt ng ln bunke cha:
Chn gu ti c cc thng s ging nh gu ti bt malt ln bunke (mc 5.1.5.3)
- Chiu cao nng ca gu:
Cng sut ng c truyn ng: Nc =
11,37 m
1,5 11,37
= 0,066 (Kw)
367 0,7
S lng: 1 gu ti
Vy cng sut in dng cho cc gu ti:
N = 0,034 + 0,127 + 0,075 + 0,066 = 0,302 (Kw)
5.2 Cng on nu dch ng:
5.2.1 Ni nu nguyn liu:
Ni nu nguyn liu l ni 2 v, c dng hnh cu, c ch to bng thp
khng g, bn trong c cnh khuy dng m neo nm st y thit b.
1: ng thot hi
2: ca np liu
3: ng np hi
4: o hi
5: ng tho nc ngng
6: ca tho cho
7: cnh khuy
8: thnh ni
9: quan st
Chn
h 1
=
D 6
= h 2 (
4 D
D 3
=
3 8
6
3
D h
2D 3
)=
2 3
162
25D 3
Th tch ni nu: Vni= Vcu-Vnp=
(1)
162
5.2.1.1 Ni nu ng:
Theo bng (4.3), lng ng cn nu mt m: 201,29 Kg.
Lng malt lt bng 10% so vi lng ng ca mt m nu
mmalt lt ni= 201,29 10%= 20,13 (Kg)
Th tch malt lt chim: VM =
Th tch ng chim: VN =
20,13
= 0,036 (m3)
560
201,29
= 0,201 (m3)
1000
Th tch ca nc nu: Vnc = 201,29 3,5 + 20,13 3 = 764,91 (lt) 0,765 (m3)
Tng th tch nguyn liu cn nu mt m:
V = VM + VN + Vnc = 0,036 + 0,201 +0,765 = 1,00 (m3 )
V ni ng tri qua qu trnh un si nn dch cho d pht ln ng thot hi. Do ,
ta chn h s cha y = 0,5
Vy th tch thc ca ni: VT =
Theo (1) ta c : Vni =
1,00
= 2,0(m 3 )
0,5
25D 3
= VT = 2,0( m 3 )
162
D = 1,60(m)
Chiu cao np : h =
D 1,60
=
= 0,27 (m )
6
6
3
3
D = 1,60 = 1,20(m) = 1200( mm)
4
4
[3, tr 623]
D
1,60
=
= 0,25 (m)
40
40
5.2.1.2 Ni nu malt:
Ni c th tch cha lng cho malt v lng dch t ni ng chuyn sang.
Theo bng (4.3), lng malt nu mt m l: 1.811,85 Kg
Trong , lng malt chuyn vo ni nu malt l: 1.811,85 20,13 = 1.791,72 (Kg)
Th tch malt chim: VM =
1.791,72
= 3,20(m 3 )
560
9,58
= 12,77(m 3 )
0,75
25D 3
=
= VT = 12,77
162
Theo (1) ta c: Vni
D = 2,97(m)
D 2,97
=
= 0,50(m)
6
6
3
3
D = 2,97 10 3 = 2228(mm)
4
4
[3, tr 623]
D
= 0,47(m)
40
10,24
= 13,65(m 3 )
0,75
25D 3
= VT = 13,65(m 3 )
162
D = 3,04(m)
D 3,04
=
= 0,51(m)
6
6
3
3
D = 3,04 = 2,28(m)
4
4
[3, tr 623]
D
3,04
=
= 0,48(m)
40
40
5.2.3 Ni nu nc nng:
Ni nu nc nng c cu to tng t ni nu nguyn liu, ch khc l
khng c cnh khuy. Ni c th tch cha lng nc cn dng nu v ra b
cho mt m.
Theo (5.2.1.1) v (5.2.1.2) th th tch nc nu mt m:
Vnc nu = 0,765 + 5,38 = 6,145 (m3)
Th tch nc ra b chn bng 1/3 th tch nc nu.
1
1
= 0,145 = 2,05(m 3 )
Vra b = 3 Vnc nu 3
8,20
= 10,25(m 3 )
0,8
25D 3
=
= VT = 10,25
162
Theo (1) ta c: Vni
ng knh thit b: D = 2,77 m
D 2,77
=
= 0,46( m)
6
6
ng thot hi: chn tit din ng thot hi bng 1/40 din tch b mt bc hi ln
nht
ng knh ng thot hi: Dth =
D
2,77
=
= 0,44(m)
40
40
- Chiu dy lp bo n: 50mm
- Ca tip liu c kch thc: (500x400) mm
- ng dn nc vo: + ng knh: 50mm
+ chiu dy: 2mm
- ng dn hi t vo v nc ngng ra:
+ ng knh: 40mm
+ chiu dy: 4mm
+ ng dn hi t vo c lp bo n dy: 30mm
- Chiu dy ng thot hi: 2mm
5.2.4 Thit b lc thng:
Thng lc l mt thit b bng thp c dng hnh tr, y phng. Pha trn y
chnh c t mt tm li lm y lc.
1. ng thot hi
2. Ca quan st
3. ng dch vo
4. Cnh khuy
5. ng tho b
6. ng v sinh
Theo bng (4.3), lng malt sau khi nghin cho mt m l: 1.811,85 Kg
Lng ng sau khi nghin cho mt m: 201,29 Kg
Vy tng lng nguyn liu nu mt m l:
1.811,85 + 201,29 = 2.013,14 (Kg)
Theo nghin cu, c 170 Kg nguyn liu th chim 1 m2 b mt lc.
Do , 2.013,14 Kg nguyn liu th chim:
S=
2.013,14
D 2
= 11,84(m 2 ) =
170
4
4 S
=
4 11,84
= 3,88( m)
V 9,58
=
= 19,16(m 3 )
0,5
D 2 H 2
nn chiu cao phn tr ca thit b l:
4
H2 =
4VT
4 19,96
=
= 1,62( m)
2
D
3,14 3,88 2
D
3,88
tg =
tg 20 0 = 0,71( m)
2
2
D
3,88
=
= 0,61(m)
40
40
3
3
D = 3,88 = 2,91(m) = 2.910(mm)
4
4
[3, tr 622]
4
= 1,55
2,58
Chn 2 thit b
10,24
= 12,8(m 3 )
0,8
12,8
= 2,05(m)
2,5 2
2.415,74
= 2,42(m 3 )
1.000
2,42
= 3,03(m 3 )
0,8
Chn h1 = 1,3D
Vtr =
D 2 1,3D
= 1,021D 3
4
D 2 h
, chn h = 0,3D
12
2
Vn = D 0,3D = 0,0785 D 3
12
V
1,0995
(2)
V
3,03
=3
= 1,40(m)
1,0995
1,0995
13,65
= 3,41(m 3 )
4
V
3,41
=3
= 1,42(m)
1,0995
1,0995
450,61
= 0,56(m 3)
800
Chn thng b hoa c thit din hnh vung, lm bng thp, h s cha y = 0,8
Th tch thng: Vthng =
0,56
= 0,7(m 3 )
0,8
V
0,7
=
= 0,7(m)
2
b
1
1. ng thot hi
2. Ca dch ng vo
3. Ca thot cn
4. Ca dch ng ra
= 100
Th tch dch ng a vo thit b lng trong bng th tch dch ng sau
khi houblon ha.
Theo bng (4.3), th tch dch ng sau khi houblon ha l 9.175,15 lt
Vdch ng = 9.175,15 lt = 9,18 (m3 )
Chn h s cha y ca thit b = 0,8
Th tch thit b: VT =
9,18
= 11,48 (m3)
0,8
h2 5
=
D 3
D 2 H 5D 3
=
= 11,48 (m3)
4
12
VT =
D = 2,06 (m)
h2 = 3,44 (m)
D
2,06
tg =
tg10 0 = 0,18
2
2
(m)
h2 3,44
=
= 0,86(m)
4
4
V = 0,785w d2
Trong :
[3, tr 369]
Vdichduong
V
9,18
60 = 16,67 (pht)
33,06
Chn ng ng dn dch ra : d = 50 mm
Chn tit din ng thot hi bng 1/40 tit din b mt bc hi ln nht.
ng knh ng thot hi: Dth =
D
2,06
=
= 0,33(m)
40
40
S lng : 1 thit b
5.2.10 Thit b lm lnh:
Sau khi lng, dch ng c bm i lm lnh bng thit b lm lnh bn
mng.
Theo bng (4.3), lng dch ng em i lm lnh trong mt m: Vd = 9,18 (m3)
Theo yu cu cng ngh, thi gian lm lnh khng qu 1 gi. Chn 45 pht
Vy nng sut lm vic ca thit b l: N tb =
9,18 60
= 12,24(m 3 / h)
45
: 5 m3/h
: -150C
: 90C
- S lng bn
: 85 bn
- Kch thc bn
- B mt lm vic ca cc bn
: 12,1 m2
- Vn tc ca sn phm
: 0,4 m/s
- Vn tc cht ti lnh
: 0,4 m/s
- Khi lng
: 430 Kg
[17, tr 158]
S lng thit b: n =
N tb 12,24
=
= 2,45
N
5
chn 3 thit b
1,00 60
= 6( m 3 / h)
10
: 10 m3/h
- p sut lm vic
: 0,2 Mpa
- Tc quay
: 2860 vng/pht
- Cng sut ng c
: 2,2 Kw
- Chiu cao bm ln
: 2,3 m
- Kch thc
- Khi lng
: 103 Kg
S lng thit b: n =
[17, tr 372]
6
= 0,6 chn 1 bm
10
9,58 60
= 19,16(m 3 / h)
30
: 20 m3/h
- p sut lm vic
: 0,3 Mpa
- Tc quay
: 2900 vng/pht
- Cng sut ng c
: 4,0 Kw
- Chiu cao bm ln
: 4,8 m
[17, tr 372]
- Kch thc
- Khi lng
: 100 Kg
S lng thit b: n =
19,16
= 0,96 chn 1 bm
20
9,18 60
= 33,06(m 3 / h)
16,67
: 40 m3/h
- p sut lm vic
: 0,2 Mpa
- Tc quay
: 2910 vng/pht
- Cng sut ng c
: 8 Kw
- Kch thc
- Khi lng
: 210 Kg
S lng thit b: n =
33,06
= 0,83 chn 1 bm
40
[17, tr 372]
9,18 60
= 4,08(m 3 / h)
3 45
: 5 m3/h
[17, tr 372]
- p sut lm vic
: 0,08 Mpa
- Tc quay
: 1420 vng/pht
- Cng sut ng c
: 1,7 Kw
- Kch thc
- Khi lng
: 29,3 Kg
D 2 H 3
(m )
4
3D 2
h(4h 2 + 3D 2 ) 3
h( h 2 +
)=
(m )
6
4
24
76,27
= 18,60(m 3 )
Th tch mt thit b: Vtb =
5 0,82
3D 2
19D 3
)=
Th tch chm cu: Vcc = h(h 2 +
6
4
1500
h1
1
1
D
19D
159,5 3
=
D (3)
1500
375
3
h
4
D=3
Vtb 375
18,60 375
=3
= 2,41(m)
159,5
3,14 159,5
6
9 5 = 38,57 39
7
74,76
= 25,96(m 3 )
0,96 3
V 375
25,96 375
=3
= 2,69(m)
159,5
3,14 159,5
6
40 3 = 102 ,86
7
4
D ; h1 = 0,3D , = 60 0 , d = 0,1 m
3
h2 =
Dd
D 0,1
tg =
tg 60 0
2
2
D 2
D 3
h=
4
3
Th tch phn y:
2
2
1
D 2 + 0,12 + 0,1D
( D 0,1)
0 D + 0,1 + 0,1D
Vd = h2 (
)=
tg 60 (
)
3
4
3
2
4
h1 2 3D 2
0,3D
3D 2
2
(h1 +
)=
(
0
,
3
D
)
+
6
4
6
4
10,74D 3 0,13 tg 60 0
(4)
24
Theo bng (4.3), lng men ging c dng trong mt ngy l: 755,93 lt.
Nui cy nm men tri qua hai giai on: nui cy trong phng th nghim
n 12 lt v nui cy trong sn xut.
Qu trnh nui cy trong sn xut c chia thnh 2 cp:
+ cp 1: t 12 lt n 60 lt
+ cp 2: t 60 lt n 400 lt
5.3.3.1 Thit b nui cy cp 1:
Chn thit b nui cy c th cha c 60 lt.
Chn h s cha y = 0,5
Th tch ca thit b: Vtb =
T (4) ta c: Vtb =
60
= 120 (lt) = 0,12 (m3)
0,5
10,74D 3 0,13 tg 60 0
= 0,12
24
d = 0,1 (m)
h=
4
4
D = 0,44 = 0,59(m)
3
3
D 0,1
0,44 0,1
tg 60 0 =
tg 60 0 = 0,29(m)
2
2
400
= 800 (lt) = 0,8 (m3)
0,5
10,74D 3 0,13 tg 60 0
= 0,8
24
d = 0,1 (m)
h=
4
4
D = 0,83 = 1,11(m)
3
3
D 0,1
0,83 0,1
tg 60 0 =
tg 60 0 = 0,63(m)
2
2
9 C
vi cc thng s k thut:
423 53 00 00
- Nng sut
: 9 m3/h
- Din tch b mt lc
: 19,5 m2
[17, tr 109]
- S lng bn
: 60
- Kch thc bn
: (565 x 575) mm
- Cng sut ng c
: 4,5 Kw
- p sut lm vic
: 2,5 Kg/cm2
- Khi lng
: 1470 Kg
S lng thit b:
74.382,54
= 0,34 chn 1 thit b
9 10 3 24
Thng phi trn hnh tr, c dung tch cha 200 lt. Chn h s cha y = 0,85
Th tch thng: V =
200
= 235,3 (lt) 0,24(m 3 )
0,85
4 V
4 0,24
=
= 0,85(m)
2
D
3,14 0,6 2
S lng: 1 thng
5.3.7 Thng cha n nh bia sau khi lc trong:
Thng cha c cu to v hnh dng ging thit b ln men ph, t nm
ngang v c b phn sc CO2.
Theo bng (4.3), lng bia sau khi lc cn cha trong mt ngy:
73.637,65 (lt) 73,64(m 3 )
Chn 4 thng cha c h s cha y = 0,85
Th tch mi thng: V =
T (3) ta c: D = 3
73,64
= 21,66(m 3 )
4 0,85
V 375
21,66 375
=3
= 2,53(m)
159,5
3,14 159,5
Theo biu sn xut, phn xng chit rt lm vic 2 ca/ngy, thi gian ngh i ca
l 30 pht.
Thi gian lm vic ca 1 ngy trong phn xng chit rt l: 8 2 0,5 = 15,5(h)
Nng sut ca h thng chit rt:
223.144
= 14.396,39 14.396(chai / h)
15,5
: 18.000 chai/h
[17, tr 189]
- S lng vi
: 28 vi
- Cng sut ng c
: 0,8 Kw
- Kch thc
- Khi lng
: 2.000 Kg
- S lng
: 1 my
5.4.2 My ra chai:
Chn my ra chai c nhn hiu AMM-18 vi cc thng s k thut sau:
- Nng sut
: 18.000 chai/h
- Chu k
: 7,8 giy
[17, tr 189]
: 28
- S bm
:4
- Cng sut ng c
: 30 Kw
- Khi lng
: 13.500 Kg
- S lng
: 1 my
5.4.3 My ra kt:
Lng kt s dng trong mt ngy:
Nng sut cn c ca my ra kt:
223.144
= 11.157,2 11.157 (kt)
20
11.157
= 719,81 (kt/h)
15,5
: 1000 kt/h
- Cng sut ng c
: 3,5 Kw
- Kch thc
- S lng
: 1 my
5.4.4 My ng np:
[17, tr 284]
: 18.000 chai/h
[17, tr 204]
- S mm ng
: 14
- Cng sut ng c
: 1,2 Kw
- Khi lng
: 850 Kg
- S lng
: 1 my
5.4.5 My dn nhn:
Chn my dn nhn hiu T1-BH vi cc thng s k thut sau:
- Nng sut
: 18.000 chai/h
- Cng sut ng c
: 2,2 Kw
- Kch thc
- Khi lng
: 1.240 Kg
: 18.000 chai/h
- Cng sut ng c
: 22 Kw
- Kch thc
- Khi lng
: 9.400 Kg
- S lng
: 1 ci
: 0,35 m/s
[17, tr 386]
- Khong cch so vi nn
: 650 mm
- Cng sut ng c
: 3 Kw
- Kch thc
- Khi lng
: 1.430 Kg
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Tn thit b
My lm sch
My nghin malt
My nghin ng
Bunke cha malt
Bunke cha ng
Cn nguyn liu
Gu ti
Ni nu ng
Ni nu malt
Ni houblon ho
Ni nu nc nng
Thit b lc thng
Thng trung gian cha dch
ng sau khi lc
Thng cha b nguyn liu
Thit b tch b hoa
Thng cha b hoa
Thit b lng trong
Thit b lm lnh
Bm hi cho
Bm dch ng i lc
Bm dch ng i houblon ho
Bm dch ng i lng trong
Bm dch ng i lm lnh
Thit b ln men chnh
S
lng
D = 1.600
D = 2.970
D = 3.040
D = 2.770
D = 3.880, H = 2.330
1
1
1
2
2
2
4
1
1
1
1
2
D = 1.400, H = 2.240
D = 1.420, H = 2.280
1.000 1.000 700
D = 2.060, H = 3.620
1.870 700 1.400
1.307 380 740
1.055 410 738
1.055 410 738
1.385 510 907
432 290 285
D = 2.410, H = 4.340
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
41
K hiu, m
s
3M-2,5
3M
MM-0,3
Cng
sut
ng c
(kw)
4,6
10
7
WG
3
10
4
17
BOI-Y5
-10
-20
-20
-40
-5
2,2
4
4
8
1,7
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Thit b ln men ph
Thit b nui cy nm men cp 1
Thit b nui cy nm men cp 2
Thit b loc
Bm bia i lc trong
Bm nc v sinh
Bm men ging
Thng phi trn diatomit
Thng n nh bia
My chit rt
My ra chai
My ra kt
My ng np
My dn nhn
My thanh trng
Bng ti chai, kt
D = 2.690, L = 4.840
D = 440, H = 1.010
D = 830, H = 1.990
2.500 1.080 1.470
1.307 380 740
1.307 380 740
432 290 285
D = 600, H = 850
D = 2.530, L = 4.550
1.620 1.920 2.290
7.460 3.840 2.650
4.000 1.083 1.930
1.020 860 2.454
4.250 1.250 1.420
8.620 2.700 2.600
17.355 640 700
106
3
3
1
1
3
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
9 C
423 53 00 00
-10
-10
-5
T1-BPA-18
AMM-18
PSA
BYA-18
T1-BH
Atlantico
BA 6
4,5
2,2
2,2
1,7
0,8
30
3,5
1,2
2,2
22
3
PG KINH DOANH
PG K THUT
Phng
KCS
Phng
k thut
Phn
xng
nu
Phn
xng
ln men
Phng
k
hoch
Phng
maketing
Phn
xng
chit
rt
Kho
bao b
Phng Phng
t chc k ton,
hnh
ti v
chnh
Kho
thnh
phm
Phn xng c in
Phn
xng
l hi
Phn
xng
lnh
kh nn
Phn
xng
c kh
Phng
i
sng
Phng y
t, bo
v
Phn xng ph tr
Cung cp
nguyn
liu,
nhin liu
X l
nc,
nc
thi
:1
- Ph gim c
:2
:4
- Phng y t, bo v
:4
- Phng k ton, ti v
:3
- Phng marketing
:5
- Phng i sng
:2
- Phng k hoch
:3
:5
- Phng k thut
:5
- Nh n, cn tin
:5
- Nh v sinh
:1
Tng cng
: 40 ngi
Chc nng
Qun c
X l nguyn liu
Nu nguyn liu
Lc dch ng
Lng trong - lm lnh
Phn xng c in lnh
Phng thu hi CO2
L hi
X l nc, nc thi
Phn xng ln men chnh
Phn xng ln men ph
Lc trong bia
Ra chai
Kim tra chai sau khi ra, chit
Chit rt v ng np
Thanh trng
Dn nhn
Cho bia vo kt
Bc kt xp vo mm
Bc v chai i ra
Kho nguyn liu
Kho bao b
Kho thnh phm
S
ngi/ca
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
2
3
1
1
1
S ca
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
S
ngi
3
6
6
3
3
6
3
6
6
6
6
3
2
4
2
2
2
6
4
6
3
3
3
24
25
26
Li xe vn chuyn trong nh my
Li xe vn chuyn ngoi nh my
Li xe cho lnh o v cng nhn
Tng cng
4
5
2
47
12
5
2
113
496.594,8 + 18.392,4
= 10.299,74 10.300 (bao)
50
Nf
(m2)
nb
Din tch phn ng i li chim 20% din tch cha nguyn liu:
71.428,72
216.451 (chai)
0,33
Chai c cha trong kt nha, mi kt 20 chai. Kch thc kt: (35 35 25) cm
Cc kt c xp chng ln nhau, mi chng 10 kt, chiu cao ca 1 chng kt bia l:
0,25 10 = 2,5 (m)
Din tch phn kho cha kt bia: F1 =
n Nf
, m2
nC n K
6 4 = 24 m2
- Phng ph gim c
2 (4 3) = 24 m2
- Phng k ton, ti v
4 4 = 16 m2
4 4 = 16 m2
- Phng k thut
6 4 = 24 m2
- Phng KCS
6 4 = 24 m2
- Phng maketing
4 4 = 16 m2
- Phng i sng
4 4 = 16 m2
- Phng k hoch
4 4 = 16 m2
- Phng y t
3 3 = 9 m2
- Hi trng
Tng din tch cc phng
25 6 = 150 m2
335 m2
6m
7.1.14. Nh n - cn tin:
Tnh cho 2/3 nhn vin ca ng nht.
S nhn vin ca ca ng nht l 87 ngi.
Do : 87 2/3 = 58 (ngi)
Din tch cho mi ngi
: 2,25 m2
Din tch nh n
: 58 2,25 = 130,5 m2
Kch thc
: (24 6 5,4) m
Dng cha xng, nht cho xe v cc thit b my mc. Kch thc: (12 6 5,4) m.
7.1.20. Khu x l nc thi:
Kch thc: (18 6 5,4) m.
Tn cng trnh
Phn xng nu
Phn xng ln men
24 15 6
360
36 16 4,8
576
5
6
7
42 30 4,8
42 30 4,8
12 12 5,4
1.260
1.260
144
Phn xng c, in
18 12 5,4
216
Nh hnh chnh
30 6 8,4
180
10
Khu x l nc
12 6 5,4
72
11
i nc
D = 3, L = 6
7,065
12
Trm bin p
4 4 4
16
13
Nh t my pht in
6 6 5,4
36
14
15
Nh n - Cn tin
Nh sinh hot v sinh
24 6 5,4
9 9 3,6
144
81
16
Gara t
15 6 3,6
90
17
18
19
20
Nh xe p, xe my
Phng thng trc, bo v
Kho nhin liu
Khu x l nc thi
15 4 3,6
4 3 3,6
12 6 5,4
18 6 5,4
60
12
72
108
Tng cng
6.638,065
Ta c:
Trong :
FXD
, m2
K XD
[14, tr 49]
F=
6.638,065
= 18.965,90 (m2)
0,35
K sd =
Fsd
F
[14, tr 50]
Chng 8. TNH IN - HI - NC
8.1. Tnh in:
Trong nh my in c s dng di 2 dng: in chiu sng v in ng
lc.
8.1.1. Tnh ph ti chiu sng:
chiu sng nh my s dng 3 loi n:
- n hunh quang bng bu dc, nh sng trng, cng sut 100W chiu
sng cc khu vc nh my.
- n tup hunh quang, nh sng trng, cng sut 40W.
- n trn dy tc, nh sng vng, cng sut 100 300W.
C s ca phng php tnh ton l da vo cng sut chiu sng ring ca mi
phng. T chiu sng ti thiu cho mi phng Emin l bit c 1m2 nh cn cng
sut chiu sng ring l Pt/c (W/m2).
Nh vy ton b din tch nh S cn cng sut l P = Pt/c S (W), [11, tr 34]
Nu chn loi n c cng sut Pd th s n c tnh: n =
p
pd
p 1.620
=
= 16,2 Chn n = 17 bng.
pd
100
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Din
Emin
Phn xng nu
Phn xng ln men
Phn xng chit rt
Kho nguyn liu
Kho thnh phm
Kho cha kt v chai
Phn xng l hi
Phn xng c in
Nh hnh chnh
Nh x l nc
i nc
Trm bin p
Nh t my pht in
Nh n cn tin
Nh sinh hot v sinh
Gara t
Nh xe p, xe my
Phng thng trc bo v
Kho nhin liu
Khu x k nc thi
Chiu sng hnh lang, n
576
2.448
360
576
1.260
1.260
144
216
180
72
7,065
16
36
144
81
90
60
12
72
108
4.978,55
75
75
75
30
30
20
30
30
20
20
10
30
20
10
20
20
20
20
20
10
10
Pt/c
Pd
(W/m)
(W)
5,8
4,5
4,5
10
10
8
10
10
8
8
7,5
8
8
10
8
8
13,5
16
8
8
8
100
100
100
200
200
200
100
200
40
200
200
100
200
40
100
200
100
40
100
100
200
Cng
bng
sut tiu
(ci)
th (W)
34
111
17
29
63
51
15
11
36
3
1
2
2
36
7
4
9
5
6
9
200
3.400
11.100
1.700
5.800
12.600
10.200
1.500
2.200
1.440
600
200
200
400
1.440
700
800
900
200
600
900
40.000
ng
Tng cng sut
96.880
STT
Tn thit b
Cng sut
Tng cng
ng c, kW lng sut, kW
4,6
4,6
2 My nghin malt
10
10
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
1
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
7
0,302
3
10
4
34
2,2
4
4
8
5,1
1,7
4,5
3
20
3,5
0,8
1,2
22
2,2
210
100
6,6
50
521,70
My nghin ng
Gu ti vn chuyn nguyn liu
Ni nu ng
Ni nu malt
Ni houblon ho
Thit b lc thng
Bm i hi cho -10
Bm i lc -20
Bm i houblon -20
Bm lng trong -40
Bm lm lnh O-5
Bm nm men O-5
Thit b lc bia
Bng ti vn chuyn chai, kt
My ra chai
My ra kt
My chit rt
My ng np
My thanh trng
My dn nhn
H thng lnh
H thng thu hi CO2
Bm v sinh -10
Cc ng c khc
Tng cng
3
10
4
17
2,2
4
4
8
1,7
1,7
4,5
3
20
3,5
0,8
1,2
22
2,2
210
100
2,2
[11, tr 36]
[11, tr 35]
Trong :
[11, tr 34]
Trong :Pcs: Cng sut chiu sng thc t. Pcs = 87,19 (kW)
Tcs: Thi gian chiu sng thc t. Tcs = K1 K2
Vi: K1: Thi gian thp sng trong ngy tnh trung bnh cho nh my l 10gi,
K1 = 10 (gi)
K2: S ngy lm vic trong nm, K2 = 280 ngy
Vy in nng tiu th cho vic chiu sng trong c nm l:
Acs = 10 280 87,19 = 244.132,0 (kWh)
8.1.4.2. in ng lc:
Thi gian lm vic trong ngy tnh trung bnh cho ton nh my l 22 gi.
S ngy lm vic trong nm l 280 ngy.
Al = 260,85 22 280 = 1.606.836,0 (kwh)
8.1.4.3. in nng tiu th hng nm ca nh my:
A = Acs + Al = 244.132,0 + 1.606.836,0 = 1.850.968,0 (kWh)
8.1.4.4. in nng tiu th thc t ca nh my:
Att = A x Kba
Vi: Kba l h s hao ph ca my bin p, Kba = 1,02
Vy: Att = 1.850.968,0 1,02 = 1.887.987,36 (kWh)
8.1.5. Chn my bin p:
Cng sut bin p theo d kin: S =
P
cos
[11, tr 37]
348,04
= 386,71 (kVA)
0,9
: 500 KVA.
+ in p cun dy
: Cao p: 6 kV
[10, tr 94]
H p: 0,69 kV
+ Kch thc
+ Khi lng
: 820 kg
+ S lng
: 1 my
[4, tr 304]
201,29 + 20,13
986,42
[3, tr 152]
= 0,22
Ta c : t1 = 320C ; t2 = 1040C
Vy : Q1 = 986,42 0,78 (104 - 32) = 55.397,35 (kcal)
8.2.1.2. Lng nhit gi khi nu trong ni ng 660C trong 30 pht:
Lng nhit ny c tnh theo cng thc: Q2 = F T2 (tbm - tkk)
[4, tr 214]
Trong :
tbm =
66 + 25
= 45,5 0C
2
[4, tr 40]
D
1,60
= 4 3,14
= 8,04 (m2)
2
2
F: b mt trao i nhit. F = 4
Vy
Q2 = 846,23 (kcal)
Ta c:
Trong :
104 + 25
= 64,5 (0C)
2
Q3 = 1.780,75 (kcal)
[3, tr 162]
Ta c:
Trong :
1,60
Q6 = F T6 (tbm - tkk)
tkk: nhit mi trng , tkk = 250C
tbm: nhit b mt thit b, tbm =
133 + 25
= 79 0C
2
Qbh = W r
Trong : r: n nhit ho hi ca nc
100 + 25
= 62,5 0C,
2
r = 561,1 (Kcal/kg)
W: lng m bc hi, W = k F (P - P' ) T
[3, tr 254]
D
0,25
F: din tch bc hi, F = th = 3,14
= 0,049 (m2)
2
2
Vy:
Q
i =1
QN
ih in
Vi:
76.785,47
= 148,09 (kg)
652 133,5
D 148,09 60
=
= 71,08 (kg/h)
T
125
Q1 = G1 C1 (t2 - t1)
Trong :
t1 = 320C v t2 = 520C
G1: khi lng nguyn liu trong ni malt
1.791,72
= 0,25
7.166,88
Q2 = F T2 ( tbm - tkk )
52 + 25
= 38,50C
2
2,97
F = 4 R2 = 4 3,14
= 27,70 (m2)
2
Vy: Q2 = 27,70 1.800 11,53 (38,5 - 25) = 7.760.958,3 (J) = 1.854,03 (Kcal)
8.2.2.3. Lng nhit gi khi nu 630C trong 30 pht:
Ta c:
Q3 = F T3 ( tbm - tkk )
63 + 25
= 440C
2
Q4 = G4 C4 (t2 - t1)
t1 + t 2 63 + 78
=
= 70,5 0 C
2
2
[3, tr 153]
m M + m N 1.791,72 + 201,29
=
= 0,24
G4
8.153,3
= 0,89 (Kcal/kg.)
Vy: Q4 = 8.153,3 0,89 (78 - 63) = 108.846,55 (Kcal)
8.2.2.5. Lng nhit gi khi nu 730C trong 30 pht:
Q5 = F T5 ( tbm - tkk )
Ta c:
73 + 25
= 490C
2
Q6 = G6 C6 (t2 tkk)
Trong : t2 =1330C
G6: khi lng v thp bn trong ca ni; G6 = F , (kg)
Vi F = 27,70 (m2)
= 0,004 (m)
= 7850 (kg/m3)
[3, tr 8]
C6 = 0,12 (kcal/kg.)
[3, tr 162]
Q7 = G7 C7 (t2 tkk)
2,97
Q8 = F T8 ( tbm - tkk )
133 + 25
= 790C
2
Q
i =1
= 293.795,97 (kcal)
QM
293.795,97
=
= 566,63 (kg)
ih in
652 133,5
D 566,63 60
=
= 219,34 (kg/h)
T
155
t1 + t 2 100 + 73
=
= 86,5 0 C
2
2
Ta c:
Vi:
3,04
F = 4 R = 4 3,14
= 29,02 (m2)
2
tkk = 250C, t =
75 + 25
= 50 0C.
2
Ta c:
Vi :
t=
100 + 25
= 62,50 C , tkk = 250C.
2
Q4 = G4 C4 (t2 - t1)
G4 = F = 29,02 0,004 7850 = 911,23 (kg)
C4 = 0,12 (kcal/kg.)
Q5 = G5 C5 (t2 tkk)
Vi: G5 = FN
2
3,04
Q6 = F T6 ( tbm - tkk )
133 + 25
= 790C
2
Qbh = rhh W
rhh : nhit ho hi ca nc 1000C, rhh = 540 (Kcal/kg)
W: lng nc bc hi.
Ta c: W = K F (p - p) T
Vi: K: h s bc hi, K = 0,036
F: din tch bc hi
2
D
0,47
2
F = = 3,14
= 0,173(m )
2
2
[3, tr 254]
Qh
401.464,82
=
= 774,28 (kg)
i h i n 652 133,5
774,28
= 129,05 (kg /h)
6
Ta c:
Trong : G: lng nc nu mt m.
Theo mc (5.2.3), V = 8,20 (m3) G = 8.200 (kg)
C: nhit dung ring ca nc, C = 1 (Kcal/kg.)
t1: nhit ban u ca nc, t1 = 250C
t2 : Nhit cn un ca nc. V nc nu c nhit 320C, nc ra
b 780C v lng nc nu gp 3 nc ra b nn chn t2 = 450C.
Vy:
QN
164.000
=
= 316,30 (kg)
i i kk 652 - 133,5
Di 316,30
=
= 158,15 (kg/h)
T
2
Dk 3.603,82
=
= 150,16 (kg/h)
24
24
Dtt =
2.527,78
= 3.370,37 (kg/h)
0,75
- p sut hi cc i
: 10 kg/cm2
- Th tch l hi
: 20 m3
: 5,8 m3
S lng : 1 l
8.2.10. Tnh nhin liu:
[10, tr 107]
8.2.10.1. Du F.O:
Du F.O l nhin liu chnh s dng cho l hi.
D=
Trong :
G (i h in )
(kg/h)
Q
[10, tr 31]
Vy D =
(kg/h)
[14, tr 40]
[14, tr 40]
[14, tr 40]
Tn cng trnh
Din tch
(m2)
Phn xng nu
216
Phn xng ln men
1.728
Phn xng chit rt
360
Nh hnh chnh
180
Phn xng c, in, lnh
216
Kho nguyn liu
576
Kho thnh phm
1.260
Kho cha kt v chai
1.260
Nh l hi
144
Nh x l nc
72
Kho nhin liu
72
Tng cng
n gi
(106/m2)
Thnh tin
(106 )
3
2
1
2,4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
648
3.456
360
432
216
576
1.260
1.260
144
72
72
X1 = 8.496
X = X i = 11.724,48 106
i =1
Tn thit b
STT
n gi
S lng
(106)
(ci)
Tng
cng
1
2
3
4
5
Gu ti
My lm sch
Bunke cha malt
Bunke cha ng
My nghin malt
15
60
12
7
60
4
1
2
2
1
(106)
60
60
24
14
60
My nghin ng
40
40
Ni nu ng
50
50
8
9
Ni nu malt
Ni houblon ho
60
60
1
1
60
60
10 Ni nu nc nng
40
40
11 Thng lc
70
140
60
60
13 Thit b lm lnh
50
150
15
15
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
7
5
5
40
40
8
10
1
1
1
41
106
3
3
7
5
5
1.640
4.240
24
30
22 My lc bia
70
70
24 Thit b tng tr
40
160
25 My ra chai
170
170
26 My ra kt
15
15
27 My chit rt
300
300
28 My ng np
150
150
29 My dn nhn
150
150
30 My thanh trng
200
200
31 H thng nn kh
500
500
400
400
33 H thng lm lnh
350
350
34 H thng x l nc
300
300
35 L hi
400
400
36 Bm
11
99
37 H thng bng ti
80
80
38 Cn in t
15
15
39 My bin p
40 My pht d phng
41 Xe hng
100
120
170
1
1
5
100
120
850
42 Xe nng
100
400
43 Xe con
200
200
11.817
Tng cng
9.1.2.1. Tng vn u t mua thit b chnh:
T1 = 11.817 106
Ly bng 30% tng vn u t mua thit b chnh: T4 = 0,3 T1= 3.545,1 106
4
T = Ti = 18.907,2 106
i =1
(103/kg;
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
Malt
Ng
Hoa nguyn cnh
Hoa vin
Chai
Kt nha
Np
(kg)
(kg)
(kg)
(kg)
(ci)
(ci)
(ci)
10 /ci)
8
2,5
120
90
1
10
0,08
103
4.634.884,8
514.987,2
25.984
16.086
10.064.956
396.104
61.818.181
37.079.078,4
1.287.468
3.118.080
1.447.740
10.064.956
3.961.040
4.945.454,48
7
8
9
Nhn
in
Nc
(ci)
(kw/h)
(m3)
10
11
12
13
Du DO
(kg)
Du FO
(kg)
Xng
(lt)
Du nhn
(kg)
Tng cng
0,08
1,3
2,5
61.818.181
1.893.556,56
262.250,8
8
7
11
13
2.000
929.241,6
42.000
1.960
4.945.454,48
2.461.623,53
655.627
16.000
6.504.691,2
462.000
25.480
76.974.693,09
F
Q
98.881,8
= 4.944,09 (ng/lt)
20
B: gi bn ca nh my
G: gi sn xut
Q: nng sut nh my
T: thu doanh thu hng nm ca nh my.
LN = (0,5 B - Gbq) Q
Chng 11.
- V: ngt du.
- Trng thi: ht kh, ri, khng bc nng hay trng n, ht c kch thc
u, khng ln sn , su mt hay mm r st.
- m: m cho php khi bo qun phi nh hn 6%. Xc nh bng
phng php sy n khi lng khng i.
- Xc nh khi lng ring.
- Kim tra nng lc ng ho ca malt.
Trc khi a vo sn xut:
Tin hnh kim tra nh trc lc nhp kho. Nu c s bin i r rt cc ch
tiu cht lng phi bo ngay cho phng k thut c bin php x l.
11.1.2 Kim tra cht lng ca hoa houblon:
Hoa houblon di dng hoa vin v hoa nguyn cnh khi nhp v phi c mi
thm, v ng c trng.
11.1.3 Kim tra cht lng ca ng:
Ng khi nhp phi c tch phi, sch, khng c mi v l, khng mc,
khng b su mt, kch thc ht ng u. m cho php 10-14%.
11.1.4 Kim tra men ging:
- Dng tiu bn git p quan st chng nm men Saccharomyces
carlsbergensis Hansen. Khi cn tr t bo c dng hnh trn, hnh bu dc. Khi pht
trin th c nhiu chi, khi gi c hnh ovan di.
- nh gi cht lng ca nm men th tin hnh nhum mu t bo.
Nhum t bo xc nh trng thi sinh l v hot lc ca chng quyt nh c a
i sn xut hay khng.
11.1.5 Kim tra nc dng nu bia:
- Kim tra trong, mu sc v vi sinh vt ca nc sau khi x l. Nc
sn xut phi bo m trong sut, khng mu v mi v l, khng cha vi sinh vt
gy bnh.
- Kim tra cng, pH v oxy ho ca nc.
: 5 6 mg ng lng
+ pH
+ oxy ho
: 2 mg
: 18 22%
+ Tm mn
: 30 35%
+ Bt
: 25 35%
+ V
: 15 18%
kim tra, ngi ta ly 0,5% lng bia thnh phm cc v tr khc nhau
ca l bia kim tra, xc nh cc ch tiu. Cc chai c a i kim tra phi
khng h np, nt v, x hi...
11.3.1. Cc ch tiu cm quan :
- trong: khi bia c bm t thit b n nh bia qua tank cha ca my
chit ta phi tin hnh kim tra trong ca bia, c kt ta, lng cn hay khng. Bia
chai thnh phm c kim tra bng cch quan st y chai, bia phi trong sut,
khng c cn y chai, cn l lng v cc ht nh.
- bt: bt ca bia c nh gi khi rt bia vo cc thu tinh ri quan
st chiu dy lp bt, mn, trng ca bt, thi gian bt tn ti. Bia cht
lng tt phi c nhiu bt, bt trng mn, lu tan.
- Mi: a nh cc t xa vo mi v ngi. Bia phi c mi thm c trng ca
hoa houblon, ca malt v khng c mi men chua.
- V: v bia phi thm ngon. C v ng nh ca hoa houblon, hi ngt nh.
Bia khng c qu ng, qu ngt hay chua, lt.
11.3.2. Cc ch tiu ho l :
- Xc nh t trng bia bng t trng k : T trng ca bia t 1,005 1,02.
- Mu sc bia l mu vng rm. mu bia t 0,5 0,65 ml.
- pH ca bia : 4,1 4,8.
11.3.3. Cc ch tiu ho hc :
Xc nh nng ru v cht ho tan ban u:
Nguyn tc: chng ct bia, xc nh t trng 20oC/20oC ca dch chng ct.
Xc nh t trng 20oC/20oC ca phn dch chng ct cn li sau khi cn hon li
trng lng ban u. Xc nh t trng ca bia lc 20oC/20oC v s dng cc cng
thc tnh ton.
[7, tr 112]
Xc nh mu:
- S dng phng php chun it: mu ca bia c tnh bng s ml
dung dch I2 0,1 N thm vo 100 ml nc ct to thnh dung dch c mu tng
ng vi mu ca bia.
- Theo quy chun cho php, mu bia tng ng: 0,6 1,0 ml I2 0,1N.
Xc nh ng:
Nguyn tc: cc cht ng trong bia c chit s b axit ho bng iso-octan.
Sau khi ly tm, hp th ca lp iso-octan c o ti bc sng 275mm, so vi
mt mu iso-octan tinh khit.
[7, tr 118]
- ng: 17,521,5 BU
Xc nh chua :
- chua c xc nh bng phng php chun
- chua: 1,3 1,6 (ml NaOH 0,1N/10 ml bia)
Xc nh hm lng diaxetyl:
Xc nh cc cht vicinaldiaxeton trong bia bng my o quang ph o bc
sng cc tm.
Nguyn tc: tch cc cht dixeton t bia bng cch chng ct. Cho phn ng
phn chng ct c vi dung dch O-fenilendiamin v c cht dn xut ca
quinoxalin. Axit ho v o quang ph cc cht thu c t phn ng. Tnh nng
cc cht dixeton nh mt h s c xc nh qua cht chun. [7, tr 122]
- Tiu chun cho php < 0,1 mg/l
Xc nh hm lng CO2 c trong bia :
S dng phng php p lc
[7, tr 125]
KT LUN
Nc ta ang trn pht trin, nhu cu s dng bia ngy cng tng c v s
lng ln cht lng. Do , vic xy dng thm mt nh my bia l vn rt thit
thc v c kh nng mang li ngun thu ln cho ngn sch nh nc v ngun thu
nhp n nh cho ngi lao ng.
Sau hn 3 thng nghin cu ti liu, hc hi, c gng cng vi s gip
tn tnh ca c gio hng dn, ti hon thnh tp n tt nghip vi ti:
Thit k nh my bia ln men bng phng php c in nng sut 20 triu
lt/nm. y l phng php ln men m nu tun th ng quy trnh cng ngh v
cc nguyn tc v sinh th s thu c sn phm c cht lng cao, hiu qu kinh t
ln.
Tp n ny a ra c nhng vn sau:
- Tnh thit thc ca vic xy dng mt nh my bia theo phng php ln
men c in vi nng sut 20 triu lt/nm.
- Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ph hp vi thc t.
- H thng thit b ph hp vi dy chuyn cng ngh.
- Mt s nguyn tc an ton trong sn xut
Qua rt ra u im ca nh my nh sau:
- Cht lng sn phm cao
- t yu cu v tnh k thut v kinh t
Trong qu trnh thit k, ti nm bt c nhng kin thc v cng ngh
sn xut bia m c bit l bia ln men bng phng php c in, ng thi tm hiu
c nhng vn trong vic xy dng nh my thc phm ni chung. Nhng do
thi gian c hn, cng vi s hn ch v chuyn mn v kinh nghim thc t ca bn
thn nn khng th trnh khi sai st. Rt mong s ng gp kin ca cc thy c
gio v cc bn ./.
Sinh vin
L Th Tho Vi
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Gs, Ts Nguyn Bin v tp th tc gi (1999). S tay qu trnh v thit b cng
ngh ho cht tp II NXB KH&KT.
17.