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BO CO TT NGHIP

n tt nghip
Thit k nh my bia ln men bng phng php c
in vi nng sut 20 triu lt/nm

MC LC

M U
Bia l loi nc ung c cn thp, giu dinh dng. Ngoi vic cung cp
mt lng calori kh ln, trong bia cn cha mt h enzim phong ph, kch thch tiu
ho cho c th con ngi.
Nguyn liu chnh dng sn xut bia l malt i mch, hoa houblon v
nc vi mt quy trnh cng ngh kh c bit. Ngoi ra tng hiu qu kinh t
cng nh a dng ho sn phm, cc nh my sn xut bia cn dng mt s loi
nguyn liu thay th nh: i mch cha ny mm, go, ng tch phi, ..
Ngy nay, do phng php thc hin, do nguyn liu, do nm men s dng
khc nhau m c rt nhiu loi bia khc nhau. Mi loi c c trng bi mi, v,
mu sc, ru khc nhau.
Nc ta c kh hu nhit i nn nhu cu s dng bia kh nhiu. Lng bia
tiu th trong c nc tng vt trong nhng nm qua. S pht trin ca nn kinh t

lm mc sng trong nhn dn tng cao. Nhu cu th trng i hi sn xut ra nhng


loi bia c bit c cht lng cao.
Vi nhng yu cu trn, ti la chn ti Thit k nh my bia ln men
bng phng php c in vi nng sut 20 triu lt/nm. y l phng php ln
men di ngy trong thit b ln men chnh v ln men ph c t trong phng lnh
c nhit xc nh nn cho sn phm c cht lng cao. Sn phm c sn xut ra
p ng nhu cu ngi tiu dng, gp phn vo s pht trin ca nn kinh t quc
dn.

Chng I. LP LUN KINH T K THUT


Qua tm hiu v v tr a l, kh hu, h thng giao thng vn ti v cc iu
kin khc, ti quyt nh xy dng nh my bia ti khu cng nghip Ph Ti, thuc
phng Trn Quang Diu, thnh ph Qui Nhn, tnh Bnh nh.
1.1 c im t nhin:
Khu cng nghip Ph Ti thuc phng Trn Quang Diu, c a hnh bng
phng, rng nn rt thun li cho vic xy dng nh my. V tr a l khu cng
nghip Ph Ti gip vi tuyn ng quc l 1A, pha bc gip vi quc l 19, pha
ng l cng bin Qui Nhn rng ln.
V iu kin kh hu: Bnh nh nm trong vng kh hu nhit i gi ma,
chu tc ng ca hai ma: ma kh v ma ma, nhit trung bnh nm l 280C,
m 80 85%.

1.2 Nguyn liu:


Nguyn liu chnh sn xut bia l malt i mch, hoa houblon v nc.
Ngoi ra, nh my cn dng ng thay th mt phn malt i mch.
Do nc ta khng trng c i mch v hoa houblon nn hai nguyn liu
ny c nhp v t nc ngoi qua cng Qui Nhn, sau vn chuyn theo ng
b v nh my.
Ngun nguyn liu thay th l ng c th thu mua t cc x ln cn nh:
Phc Long, Phc An, Phc Thnh, Phc Hip, thuc huyn Tuy Phc v
cc khu vc trung du min cao.
1.3 Ngun cung cp in:
Nh my s dng ngun in ly t li in quc gia thng qua trm bin
p xung 220V/380V. Ngoi ra, nh my cn trang b thm mt my pht in d
phng m bo qu trnh sn xut lin tc.

1.4 Ngun cung cp hi:


Lng hi t cung cp cho cc phn xng c ly t l hi ring ca
nh my. Nhin liu dng cho l hi l du FO v xng cho t c mua t cc
trm xng du a phng. Nh my c kho d tr nhin liu m bo sn xut.
1.5 Ngun cung cp nc:
Nc c s dng trong nh my rt ln, vi nhiu mc ch khc nhau.
Ngun nc c ly t h thng nc ngm, ngun nc ca thnh ph. Nc
trc khi a vo s dng phi c x l t cc yu cu ra.
1.6 Thot nc:
Nc thi ca nh my cha nhiu cht hu c, l iu kin d dng cho vi
sinh vt pht trin. Nu thi trc tip ra ngoi s gy nhim mi trng. Do ,
nc thi trong cc phn xng chy ra s c qua h thng x l nc thi ca nh
my trc khi thi ra ng cng nc thi ca khu cng nghip.

1.7 H thng giao thng vn ti:


Giao thng vn ti l vn rt cn thit i vi hot ng ca nh my.
Nh my phi vn chuyn mt khi lng ln nguyn liu, nhin liu, cng nh vn
chuyn sn phm n ni tiu th.
V tr nh my t trn quc l 1A, cch ga Diu Tr 1Km, cch ng ba tuyn
gip vi quc l 19 i cc tnh Ty Nguyn 8 Km, ng thi cch cng bin Qui
Nhn 10 Km nn rt thun tin cho vic vn chuyn nguyn liu v phn phi sn
phm.
1.8 Hp tc ho:
Trong sn xut bia c mt lng ln ph phm giu cht dinh dng nh b
malt, men bia. B malt l ngun nguyn liu rt tt sn xut thc n gia sc, c gi
tr i vi nng nghip. Men bia rt giu cht dinh dng, lm thc n cho gia sc.
Cc sn phm cn lng, b hoa cn l nguyn liu lm phn bn tt cung cp cho
nng dn tnh ln cn.
1.9 Ngun nhn lc:
Vic xy dng nh my bia gp phn gii quyt cng vic cho ngi dn
trong tnh. Cng nhn trong nh my ch yu tuyn ngi a phng. Cn b qun
l v k thut ca nh my c th tuyn t cc trng i hc nh: Nng, Qui
Nhn, Nha Trang.
1.10 Th trng tiu th sn phm:
Bia thnh phm ca nh my sn xut s p ng nhu cu tiu dng ca
nhn dn a phng, tiu th trong nc v c th xut khu ra nc ngoi.
1.11 Thit b:
Nh my c th nhp thit b t nc ngoi m bo qui trnh cng ngh.
Tuy nhin, c th t gia cng ch to mt s thit b trong nc gim bt chi ph.
Kt lun: t nhng phn tch thc t trn, vic xy dng nh my bia ti
khu cng nghip Ph Ti, thuc phng Trn Quang Diu, thnh ph Qui Nhn, tnh

Bnh nh l hon ton hp l. Vi nng sut 20 triu lit/nm c th p ng nhu


cu ngi tiu dng. Vic xy dng nh my ph hp vi yu cu thc t hin nay.

Chng II. GII THIU NGUYN LIU


Nguyn liu chnh dng sn xut bia l malt i mch, hoa houblon, nc
v s dng nguyn liu thay th l ng.
2.1 Malt i mch:
2.1.1 Vai tr trong sn xut bia:
Malt i mch va l tc nhn ng ho, va l nguyn liu c trng dng
sn xut bia, bia sn xut t malt i mch c mi v v tnh cht cng ngh hn hn
so vi bia c sn xut t malt ca cc loi ht ho tho khc.
2.1.2 Thnh phn ho hc:
Thnh phn ho hc trung bnh ca malt bia tnh theo phn trm cht kh l:
tinh bt 58%, ng kh 4%, saccaroza 5%, pentozan khng ho tan v hexozan 9%,
xenluloza 6%, cht cha nit 10%, cht bo 2,5%, cht khong 2,5%. Ngoi ra trong
malt cn cha mt t cc cht inozit, cc cht mu, cc tanin, cc cht ng v cc
enzim thu phn nh: , -amylaza, proteinaza, peptinaza, fitaza, xitaza,
amylophotphataza,

Trong thnh phn ho hc ca malt quan trng nht l hm lng tinh bt.
Hm lng tinh bt cng cao cng tt, nhng hm lng protein phi nm trong
khong 9-12%, nu cao hn th bia s b c, kh bo qun, nu thp hn th bia km
bt, km v m v km theo cc ch s non yu khc.
2.1.3 Yu cu v cht lng:
Malt dng sn xut bia phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
- Sch, c mi thm c trng, c v ngt, mu vng sng ng u. Khng
c c mi v l, khng mc, khng hi khi.
- Kch thc ht malt phi ng u: ht trn sng 2,8 mm v chim 94%,
ht di sng 2,2 mm khng qu 0,5%.
- Khi lng ring ca malt: 520600 g/l
- m ca malt khng qu 6%
- Malt c thi gian ng ho 1035 pht, hot lc amylaza l 100300 n
v.
Malt sau khi nhp t nc ngoi v c bo qun trong kho vi thi gian
d tr sn xut khong mt thng.
2.2 Hoa houblon:
2.2.1 Vai tr:
Hoa houblon l nguyn liu khng th thiu c trong sn xut bia. Lm
cho bia c v ng d chu, hng thm c trng, lm tng kh nng to v gi bt,
lm tng bn keo v n nh thnh phn sinh hc ca sn phm.
Trong sn xut bia ngi ta s dng hoa ci cha th phn v hoa th
phn s to ht lm gim cht lng bia. Hoa c s dng di nhiu dng khc
nhau: dng hoa nguyn cnh, hoa vin, cao hoa, Tuy nhin, khng s dng 100%
cao hoa v s lm cho mi, v ca bia b gim st.
Nh my s dng hoa houblon dng hoa nguyn v dng vin. S dng
hoa nguyn c u im l bo ton c cht lng, nhng ng thi cng c nhc
im l gi thnh cao, kh bo qun.
2.2.1 Thnh phn ho hc:

- Thnh phn ho hc ca hoa houblon gm nhiu cht khc nhau, nhng


cc cht c gi tr trong cng ngh sn xut bia l nha hoa houblon, cc tanin v tinh
du. Ngoi ra trong hoa cn cha mt s cc cht khc nh: protein, m, sp, cc tp
cht phi protein.
- Nha hoa l thnh phn chnh, bao gm nha cng v nha mm: nha
mm gm c -nha mm v -nha mm, trong nha mm gm cc dng axit
ng l ,,,- axit ng. V ng ca bia ch yu l do - axit ng to nn, cn cc
dn xut ca - axit ng to nn v ng hi ho d chu.
- Cc cht tanin ca hoa houblon l cc polyphenol, d ho tan trong nc,
d b oxi ho nn n bo v nha hoa houblon. Trong qu trnh nu bia, hu ht tanin
ca hoa houblon lin kt vi protein ca malt, do hm lng polyphenol trong
bia ch yu l ca malt v ch khong 1020% l polyphenol ca hoa.
- Tinh du hoa houblon l mt hn hp phc tp ca cc hyratcacbon v
nhiu hp cht cha oxi dng tecpen. Tinh du hoa houblon khng ho tan trong
nc nhng d bay theo hi nc. Trong qu trnh sn xut khong 98% lng tinh
du b bay hi, ch tn ti khong 2% to hng thm cho bia. Trong qu trnh
bo qun, tinh du s dn mt i do bay hi v b oxi ho. Do khng dng hoa c
sn xut bia v cc sn phm chuyn ho ca tinh du nu a vo bia s lm gim
cht lng bia.
2.2.2 Bo qun hoa:
bo qun tt cn gi hoa trong cc iu kin sau:
- Ngn chn s xm nhp ca khng kh vo hoa bng cch bo qun trong
thng kn hoc mi trng kh tr.
- Xng SO2 hn ch s oxi ho v pht trin ca vi sinh vt.
- Bo qun nhit thp (gn 00C) v nhit thp c tc dng kim ch
cc qu trnh ho hc, hn ch s pht trin vi sinh vt.
- Cch m tt
2.3 Nc:
2.3.1 Vai tr:

Trong bia thnh phm, hm lng nc chim khong 8590%. Trong nh


my, nc c dng vi nhiu mc ch khc nhau: x l nguyn liu, nu nguyn
liu, lm ngui bn thnh phm, thanh trng, v sinh st trng thit b, v sinh x
nghip Do , lng nc dng trong nh my rt ln. Lng nc dng nu
bia khng nhng i hi c y tiu chun ca nc ung m cn c nhng yu
cu ring p ng cho cng ngh sn xut bia.
2.3.2 Thnh phn:
Nc thc cht l mt dung dch long ca cc mui dng ion:
- Nhm cation chim nhiu nht l: Ca2+, Mg2+,H+, Na+, K+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Al3+
- Nhm anion ch yu l: OH-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, NO2-, SiO32-, PO43Cc mui ca canxi v magie l nguyn nhn gy cng ca nc.
2.3.3 Yu cu v cht lng:
Nhng yu cu c bn ca nc dng nu bia:
- Trong sut, khng mu, khng mi v khng cha cc vi sinh vt gy bnh.
- cng trung bnh 56 mg ng lng/lt
- pH = 6,87,3
- Hm lng cn kh khng vt qu 600 mg/lt
- Ch s coli khng ln hn 3
- Chun coli khng nh hn 300 ml
Hm lng ti a ca cc kim loi:
+ st: 0,3 mg/l

+mangan: 0,05 mg/l

+ magie: 125 mg/l

+ ch: 0,1 mg/l

+ flo: 1 mg/l

+ km: 5 mg/l

+ nitrat: 35 mg/l

+ selen: 0,05 mg/l

+ sunfat: 60-80 mg/l


Khng c c mt xianua, thu ngn, bari, crom, amoniac, sunphuahyro,
nitrit.
2.4 Nguyn liu thay th:

2.4.1 Vai tr:


Trong sn xut bia, gim gi thnh sn phm ngi ta c th thay th mt
phn malt i mch bng cc loi nguyn liu khc. Nguyn liu ny c th dng ht
hay dng ng.
Ti nh my, nguyn liu thay th c dng l ng vi t l 10% so vi
tng lng nguyn liu.
Ng c cc loi ht nh: ng rng nga, ng v ng bt. Ht ng c mu
vng, trng, hoc hng. Trong cng ngh sn xut bia, ng dng thay malt i
mch ch yu l loi trng c (hm lng tinh bt cao, protein thp) c s dng
di dng nghin nh.
2.4.2 Thnh phn ca ht ng:
- Ht ng bao gm cc thnh phn sau:
+ lp v qu: 57% khi lng ht
+ lp v ht: 2% khi lng ht
+ lp alron: 68% khi lng ht
+ phi: 1011% khi lng ht
+ ni nh: 75% khi lng ht
Trong thnh phn ca phi c 3345% cht bo, 20% protein, 75% ng
v tro, 4% xenluloza, gn 5% tinh bt.
Trong thnh phn ca ni nh c 7784% tinh bt, 711% protein, 1% cht
bo, 0,30,8% tro, 1% ng, 0,5% xelluloza.
2.4.3 Nhng yu cu c bn ca ng dng nu bia:
- C mu trng c, kch thc ht ng u.
- Ht ng sch, c tch phi hon ton.
- Trc khi nu phi c nghin mn.
Thu mua v bo qun ng s dng:
Ng c thu mua cc a phng ln cn dng tch phi. Chng
c cho vo bao v bo qun trong kho. Thi gian bo qun ti a l 10 ngy. Yu

cu ca kho bo qun l phi kh ro, thong, cch m, cch nhit tt, khng c mt
cc loi vi sinh vt gy bnh, cn trng

Chng III. DY CHUYN CNG NGH


3.1 S cng ngh:
Malt

ng tch phi

lm sch

lm sch

nghin

nghin mn

bt malt
nc

trch 10% so vi ng

bt ng

ho trn

ho trn

m ho

h ho
un si
hi cho
ng ho

nc 780C
hoa houblon

lc dch ng v ra b

un si dch ng vi hoa houblon


lc b hoa
lng trong v lm lnh dch ln men

nc

men ging thun khit


x l

hot ho

ln men chnh

CO2

sa men
ln men ph v tng tr bia non

men ging

lc bia

cn

x l
np bnh

n nh bia
chit rt
thanh trng
thnh phm

3.2 Thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh:


3.2.1 Lm sch:
3.2.1.1 Mc ch:
Tch ht bi bn, loi b tp cht kim loi ln trong nguyn liu, i vi malt
cn loi b mm r cn st li. Qu trnh ny m bo nguyn liu phi c
sch, kch thc ht ng u, khng nh hng n cht lng bia, thun li cho
qu trnh nghin.
3.2.1.2 Tin hnh:
Malt v ng tch phi sau khi nh lng th a qua my lm sch, sau
qua b phn tch t loi b tp cht c t tnh ri cho vo my nghin.
3.2.2 Nghin nguyn liu:
3.2.2.1 Mc ch:
Ph v cu trc ht tinh bt lm cho nc xm nhp vo ni nh nhanh hn,
thc y qu trnh thu phn tinh bt v cc cht khc din ra nhanh v trit hn.
3.2.2.2 Phng php thc hin:
C ba phng php nghin malt l nghin kh, nghin m v nghin t.
Chn nghin kh cho c malt v ng v phng php ny n gin, d thc hin.
S dng my nghin hai cp trc nghin malt, v my nghin ba
nghin ng.
3.2.3 Nu nguyn liu:
3.2.3.1 Mc ch:

Chuyn cc cht c trong nguyn liu t trng thi khng ho tan sang trng
thi ho tan nh tc ng ca cc h enzim thu phn.
3.2.3.2 Phng php nu:
C ba phng php nu bia l phng php ngm, phng php un si v
phng php kt hp gia un si vi ngm.
u im ca phng php ngm l thi gian nu ngn nn t tn nng lng,
nhng c nhc im l khi nu khng c un si nn ng ho khng trit .
u im ca phng php un si l ph v trit cu trc t bo tinh bt
nn tng hiu sut qu trnh thu phn. Nhc im ca phng php ny l thi
gian nu ko di, tn nhiu nng lng v c th xy ra cc phn ng ph khng cn
thit.
V nh my c s dng 10% nguyn liu thay th nn chn phng php kt
hp gia ngm v un si mt ln.
3.2.3.3 Tin hnh nu:
Sau khi nghin xong, nguyn liu c em i nu ngay v nu lu bt
nghin s b chua, nh hng n cht lng bia sau ny. T l phi trn nguyn
liu: nc nu l:
malt : nc = 1 kg : 3 lt
ng : nc = 1 kg : 3,5 lt
- Ni ng: ng nghin mn vi 10% bt malt lt (so vi tng lng ng)
c em vo phi trn vi nc m 320C theo ng t l trn v bt cnh khuy
khuy trn 5 pht. Khi phi trn xong, nhit ni nu s h xung khong 30 0C, b
sung axit lactic h pH xung cn 5,6. Sau nng nhit khi nu ln 660C vi
tc khong 10C/pht v gi nhit ny 30 pht h ho tinh bt. Sau nng
nhit khi nu n nhit si trong 30 pht v gi si 30 pht. Trong sut qu
trnh nu ng phi khuy trn lin tc trnh kh st y ni, vn tc cnh khuy
khong 3040 vng/pht.
- Ni malt: khi ni ng bt u nng nhit un si th ni malt cng cho
nc m 320C vo trc ri tin hnh xung bt ho malt trong 10 pht. Dng axit

lactic h pH mi trng n 5,6 ri nng nhit ln 520C mt khong 30 pht,


gi nhit ny 30 pht thc hin qu trnh m ho.
Phi tnh ton sao cho khi ni cho ng un si xong th qu trnh m ho
ni malt cng va kt thc. Bm cho ng sang ni malt hi cho, mt khong 10
pht v nhit ca ton khi t 630C, gi trong 30 pht to iu kin cho enzim
-amylaza thu phn tinh bt. Sau , tip tc nng nhit ca dch ln 730C trong
10 pht v gi nhit ny 30 pht enzim -amylaza tip tc thu phn tinh
bt.
Cui cng nng nhit ton khi nu ln 780C trong vng 5 pht ri sau
bm dch i lc.
S nng v gi nhit ca qu trnh nu

t0C

T (ph)

cho ng
cho malt
dch cho hn hp
3.2.4 Lc dch ng:
3.2.4.1 Mc ch:

Tch cc cht ho tan ra khi cc cht khng ho tan.


3.2.4.2 Tin hnh:
Qu trnh lc dch ng gm hai giai on: lc dch v ra b.
Nh my chn thit b lc thng v cho dch ng c cht lng cao v d v
sinh.
Trc ht l lc khi cho thu c dch ng u, sau dng nc nng
780C ra b. Khng c dng nc c nhit ln hn 78 0C ra b v nc
qu nng s lm v hot h enzim amylaza v cc tinh bt st c h ho nhng
khng c ng ho, kt qu lm cho dch ln men b c v bia cng c theo.
Khi tin hnh lc, phi cho nc nng vo di y li. Nc vo y li
chim y cc ng dn, kho, khong khng gian gia y chnh v y li nn y
khng kh ra ngoi.
Sau khi lc xong th tin hnh ra b bng nc nng 780C cho n khi nng
cht ho tan cn li trong b khong 1% l c. Nu ra qu k th cht ng,
cht cay trong b s tan vo dch ng lm cho bia c mi, v l, dch ng s b
long. Qu trnh lc v ra b ko di khong 4h.
Sau khi ra xong, b c tho ra v a ra ngoi, thit b phi v sinh, st
trng chun b cho m sau.
Yu cu dch ng v nc ra b sau khi lc phi trong hon ton.
3.2.5 Houblon ho:
3.2.5.1 Mc ch:
Mc ch ca qu trnh un si dch ng vi hoa houblon l n nh
thnh phn ca dch ng, to cho bia c hng thm v v ng ca ca hoa
houblon, lm cho dch ng t nng theo yu cu, lm keo t protein, v hot
cc enzim v thanh trng dch ng.
3.2.5.2 Tin hnh:
Thit b houblon ho v cu to cng ging vi thit b nu nhng b mt
truyn nhit ln hn v cn bc hi mt lng ln hi nc trong qu trnh un si.

Liu lng hoa houblon c s dng l 3g/1 lt dch ng. Hoa c d


dng di hai dng: hoa nguyn cnh chim 35% v hoa vin chim 65%.
Chn phng n cho hoa 3 ln:
+ hoa vin cho vo lc dch ng va lp y ni.
+ hoa vin cn li cho vo sau khi si 30 pht.
+ hoa nguyn cnh cho vo 30 pht trc khi nu kt thc.
Tin hnh: dch ng v nc ra b t thit b lc chuyn vo ni houblon
ho. Khi dch ng va lp y ni th bt u cung cp nhit nhit dch
ng lun gi 750C, ng thi cho 1/2 lng hoa vin vo ly cht ng. Sau
khi dch ng v nc ra b chuyn ht vo ni houblon th tin hnh nng nhit
n nhit si. Gi si 30 pht ri cho 1/2 lng hoa vin cn li vo nhm ly
cht ng, to hng v kt lng protein. Trc khi kt thc qu trnh houblon ho 30
pht th cho hoa nguyn cnh vo to hng v c trng ca bia. Tng thi gian
un si l 120 pht. Sau khi un si xong, dch ng c bm sang thit b lng
trong.
3.2.6 Tch b hoa:
Sau khi un si xong, dch ng c chuyn sang thng lc b hoa tch
dch ng ra ngoi, cn b th c gi li bn trong.
Sau khi gii phng ht dch ng, thit b houblon ho c trng qua nc
nng, nc nng ny dng ra b hoa, nc ra b c dng vo vic ng ho
m sau hoc b sung vo dch ng phn on nu bia.
B c thu gom v chuyn ra ngoi nh mt loi ph thi. Dch ng nng
nh bm ly tm chuyn n thit b lng trong v lm lnh.
3.2.7 Lng trong v lm lnh:
3.2.7.1 Mc ch:
H nhit dch ng n nhit ln men, kt ta cc huyn ph v bo
ho oxi cho dch ng.
3.2.7.2 Tin hnh:

Tin hnh lng trong trong thit b whirlpool v lm lnh bng thit b lm
lnh bn mng vi cht ti lnh l glycol.
Thit b whirlpool c u im l m bo v trng v dch ng khi a vo
thit b cng nh ra khi thit b nhit rt cao (khong 90 0C) v thi gian lng
ch khong 20 pht.
Dch ng vo thit b na phn di v theo phng tuyp tuyn vi vn
tc khong 1014 m/s, dch ng s chuyn ng trn trong thit b, cc kt ta s
lng xung tm ca thit b.
Sau khi lng 20 pht, dch trong c a i lm lnh n nhit ln
men, cn cn c loi b. Ti thit b lm lnh, dch ln men nng tin hnh trao i
nhit gin tip vi glycol, nhit ca dch ng h dn xung khong 9 0C, thi
gian lm lnh khng vt qu 1 gi.
3.2.8 Ln men chnh:
3.2.8.1 Mc ch:
Chuyn ho cc cht ng v dextrin thp phn t trong nc nha thnh
C2H5OH, CO2. ng thi, cn to ra cc sn phm ph nh este, axit hu c, ru
bc cao, aldehyt, glyxerin ho tan vo dch ln men to thnh bia non.
3.2.8.2 Tin hnh:
Dch ln men sau khi lm lnh c b sung khng kh v trng (khong 8 mg
O2/lt dch ng) ri a vo thng ln men. Dch men ging c chuyn vo
thng ln men theo lung dch ng vi t l 1 lt men ging c/100 lt dch ln
men nhm to iu kin cho nm men tip xc tt vi mi trng. Nhit ln men
chnh l 90C, p sut d trong thit b ln men chnh l 0,20,4 at, CO2 sinh ra trong
qu trnh ln men s ho tan vo bia non mt phn. ho tan ca CO 2 vo bia non
s tng khi nhit gim, do m bo lng CO2 ho tan trong bia nhiu th
nhit thi k cui ca qu trnh ln men khong 50C, hm lng CO2 trong bia
non phi t 0,2%. Thi gian ln men chnh ph thuc vo nng dch ln men u
tin v nhit ln men. Ln men chnh c xem l kt thc khi cht chit trong

dch ln men gim i t 0,150,2% ngy m. i vi dch ln men c nng 16%


th thi gian ln men chnh chn 9 ngy.
3.2.8.3 Nm men bia:
C 2 chng:
+ saccharomyces cerevisiae: thuc loi ln men ni
+ saccharomyces carlsbergensis: thuc loi ln men chm
Nh my s dng chng nm men chm, qu trnh ln men xy ra trong lng
mi trng, khi ln men xong cc t bo kt thnh chm lng xung y. Do , bia
chng t trong hn so vi ln men ni. Dch ln men c nng kh cao nn yu cu
chng nm men c kh nng chu c p sut thm thu ln.
Phng php nui cy men ging:
Nui cy men ging thun khit:
Nm men ging thun khit c nui cy qua hai giai on: giai on nui
cy trong phng th nghim v giai on nui cy sn xut.
bo qun men ging, ngi ta nui cy n trong mi trng dch ng
10% v gi nhit 240C. Sau thi gian 12 thng phi cy chuyn mt ln.
Trc khi a vo sn xut, men ging c nui cy trong phng th nghim
cho n 515 lt. Sau tip tc nhn ging trong cc thit b chuyn dng t trong
phng bn cnh phn xng ln men. Mi ln nhn, th tch men ging tng t 57
ln.
Thit b nui cy men ging gm cc thng hnh tr bng thp khng g.
Trc khi tin hnh nui cy yu cu thit b v mi trng phi v trng tuyt i.
Men thun khit thng phi tuyn chn v bt u nui cy 250C. Trong
phng th nghim n sinh sn nhit 18200C. Khi a vo nui cy sn xut th
cho n pht trin 12150C v tip tc gim n 8100C ri a vo thit b ln
men.
nm men ging sinh sn nhanh, dch men chuyn t giai on trc sang
giai on sau phi ang thi k ln men mnh.
X l sa men:

Sa men c thu vo cc chu chuyn dng, sau trn vi nc v trng


c cng th tch v cho qua ry c ng knh 0,40,6 mm ri ngm trong nc lnh.
Hng ngy phi thay nc cho men v gi nhit nc trong thit b bo qun gn
00C. Trong nc lnh, nm men c th bo qun tt t 46 ngy.
ln men tr li ta tin hnh nh sau: men ci sau khi ra v st trng th
cho trn vi dch ln men theo t l 26 lt men/100 lt dch ng, khuy u ri
yn 13 gi. Cho ln men nhit khng vt qu nhit ln men chnh. Khi no
nm men ny chi mnh v ru to thnh khong 0,3% coi nh c. Men ci c
th ti s dng nhiu ln. Tuy nhin s ln ti sinh cn ph thuc vo hot lc v s
nhim tp ca n.
3.2.9 Ln men ph v tng tr bia non:
3.2.9.1 Mc ch:
- Tip tc ln men phn ng cn li sau khi ln men chnh, bo ho CO 2 v
tng cng mi v cho bia.
- Thc hin qu trnh chn ca bia (n nh cht lng bia).
3.2.9.2 Tin hnh:
Qu trnh ln men ph c tin hnh trong cc thng kn t trong phng
lnh t 120C. Nhit ln men ph khong 10C, p sut d 0,30,7 at. Trong qu
trnh ln men ph cn theo di p sut trong thit b ln men, mc trong ca bia,
nhit trong phn xng.
Bia non c chuyn vo t y thit b nhm gim s to bt v gim mt
mt CO2. u tin c th cho bia chy nhanh nhng v sau do c s to bt nn cho
bia chy gin on. Khi bia non y thng bt u thi khng kh trn b mt bia
non. m bo bia thnh phm c cht lng nh nhau v mu sc, mi v cng
nh thnh phn ho hc th bia non t mt thng ln men chnh c th chuyn vo
nhiu thng ln men ph. Qu trnh chuyn bia non vo thit b ln men ph c th
tin hnh t t v ko di 12 ngy m. Tuy nhin, sau 2 ngy m th thng ln
men ph cn phi cha y bia non nu khng th d b nhim vi sinh vt v s bo

ho CO2 kh do s bc hi ca n. Khi bia cha y thng th ng van iu chnh


p sut, tin hnh thi khng kh trn b mt bia v nng p sut t theo yu cu.
Qu trnh nng cao p sut ko di 13 ngy k t lc chuyn xong bia non
vo. Nu nng p sut qu nhanh th khng kh trn b mt bia s ho tan vo bia v
oxy khng kh s gy nh hng xu n cht lng bia thnh phm.
Thi gian ln men ph l 40 ngy. Sau khi ln men ph bia c chuyn vo
thng cha v em i lc.
3.2.10 Lc trong bia:
3.2.10.1 Mc ch:
loi b cc ht nh b nh: t bo nm men, protein, cc huyn ph lm
cho bia t c trong ng yu cu cht lng, n nh v tng bn sinh hc,
ho hc cho bia.
3.2.10.2 Tin hnh:
Bia c lc bng thit b lc khung bn vi cht tr lc l bt diatomit.
u tin, bt diatomit c trn vi nc v trng theo mt t l nht nh v
to thnh mt dung dch huyn ph, sau dung dch huyn ph c bm vo my
lc p to mt lp diatomit trn vi lc. Tip theo, bia c lc qua lp diatomit
ny, bia lc u cn c nn phi tr li thng tip liu. p sut lc ca thit b l
1,21,3 at. Nu vt khi 3 at th lp vi lc c th b rch.
3.2.11 n nh bia sau khi lc:
Sau khi lc th hm lng CO2 trong bia b gim. Do , khi phc li s
bo ho CO2 trong bia th sau khi lc, bia c gi trong thng cha nhit
0,510C di p sut ca CO2 l 0,5 at v thi gian ti thiu l 4 gi. Hm lng CO2
trong bia thnh phm phi t t nht l 0,3% khi lng. Nu cha t c yu cu
th phi b sung CO2 cho bia.
3.2.12 Chit chai:
3.2.12.1 Mc ch:
thun tin cho vic tiu th, vn chuyn, bo qun th rt bia vo chai thu
tinh mu xanh.

3.2.12.2 Tin hnh:


Trc khi rt, chai c ra v st trng k bng nc nng 75 0C v dung
dch NaOH 2% c b sung stabilon lm bng chai. Sau , chai c lm ngui
ri rt bia vo. Bia rt trong iu kin ng p trnh tn tht CO2 v trnh tro bt
gy tn tht sn phm.
Dy chuyn chit bia c c gii ho hon ton v bao gm cc cng on
sau: ra chai, kim tra chai, chit bia vo chai, ng np chai, kim tra kn ca
chai bia thnh phm, thanh trng bia, hon thin sn phm.
3.2.13 Thanh trng bia:
3.2.13.1 Mc ch:
Thanh trng bia tng bn cho bia. Trong iu kin thanh trng, phn ln
cc vi sinh vt, nm men bia st li b tiu dit, cc vi sinh vt chu nhit b yu i v
mt kh nng sinh sn.
3.2.13.2 Tin hnh:
Nh my s dng thanh trng kiu tunel phun tuyn tnh vi thi gian thanh
trng l 45 pht 630C. Cc vng nhit m bia phi i qua l: 290C, 350C, 450C,
630C, 450C, 350C v 290C.

Chng IV. TNH CN BNG SN PHM


4.1 Chn cc s liu ban u:
- bia ca sn phm: 16%
- T l nguyn liu dng: malt i mch/ng = 90/10
- Nng sut nh my: 20 triu lt/nm
- Cc thng s trng thi ban u ca nguyn liu:
+ m ca malt: 5%
+ m ca ng: 11%
+ chit ca malt: 80%
+ chit ca ng: 80%
- Lng hoa s dng: 3g/lt dch ng em un si
- Mc tiu hao nguyn liu qua tng cng on:
Bng 4.1: Bng tiu hao nguyn liu qua cc cng on
Lng
Cng

Lm

on

sch

Nghin

Nu,

Houblon

lc

ho

trong

Ln

Ln

men

men

lm

chnh

ph

0,5

Chit
Lc

rt v

bia

thanh
trng

lnh
Tiu
hao,
%

0,5

Hao ht cc cng on lm sch, nghin, nu, lc, lng trong v lm lnh


tnh theo phn trm cht kh ca nguyn liu trc . Cn hao ht trong cc qu
trnh ln men, lc bia v chit rt c tnh theo phn trm th tch trc .

4.2 K hoch sn xut ca nh my:


- Theo quy trnh nu chn mc (3.2.3), thi gian thc hin mt m nu l
210 pht, nhng v ni malt v ni ng tin hnh song song nn thc t nu mi m
ch mt 155 pht. Do , chn s m nu trong mt ngy l 9 m.
- Phn xng nu lm vic 3 ca trong mt ngy. Phn xng chit rt lm vic
2 ca trong mt ngy. Ring i vi phn xng ln men, do c th ca cng ngh
nn lm vic lin tc.
- Thng 11 c chn lm thi im ngng hot ng bo tr my mc,
thit b. S d chn thi im ny v cng l ma ma, lt ko di c th gy nh
hng n sn xut v mc tiu th.
- Cng nhn c ngh ngy ch nht v cc dp l tt.
Bng 4.2: Biu sn xut ca nh my
Thng

S ngy
lm vic
Phn
xng
S
ca

11

12

10

26

19

27

25

26

26

26

27

25

27

26

280

78

57

81

75

78

78

78

81

75

81

78

840

52

38

54

50

52

52

52

54

50

54

52

560

234

171

243

225

234

234

234

243

225

243

234

2520

nm

nu
Phn
xng
chit
rt

S m nu

4.3 Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 100 kg nguyn liu ban u:


4.3.1 Lng cht kh trong nguyn liu:
Malt:

90 (100 5)
= 85,50
100

Ng:

10 (100 11)
= 8,90
100

(kg)
(kg)

4.3.2 Lng nguyn liu v cht kh cn li sau khi lm sch:


- Cht kh:

malt:

- Nguyn liu:

85,50 (100 1)
= 84,65 (kg)
100

ng:

8,90 (100 1)
= 8,81
100

(kg)

malt:

84,65 100
= 89,11
100 5

(kg)

ng:

8,81 100
= 9,90
100 11

(kg)

4.3.3 Lng nguyn liu cn li sau khi nghin:


- Cht kh:

- Nguyn liu:

malt:

84,65 (100 0,5)


= 84,23 (kg)
100

ng:

8,81 (100 0,5)


= 8,77
100

malt:

84,23 100
= 88,66
100 5

(kg)

ng:

8,77 100
= 9,85
100 11

(kg)

(kg)

4.3.4 Lng cht kh chuyn vo dch ng khi nu:


Malt: 84,23
Ng: 8,77

80
= 67,38
100

80
= 7,02
100

(kg)
(kg)

Tng lng cht kh chuyn vo dch ng khi nu: 67,38 + 7,02 = 74,40 (kg)
4.3.5 Lng cht kh cn li sau qu trnh nu v lc:
74,40

(100 3)
= 72,17
100

(kg)

4.3.6 Th tch dch ng khi un si:


Nng cht kh ca dch ng sau khi lng trong v lm lnh l 16%,
trong qu trnh houblon c mt lng nc bay hi lm nng ca dch ng tng
khong 11,5%, ta chn 1,4%; cn qu trnh lng trong v lm lnh, nng ca
dch ng tng khong 0,41,2%, ta chn 0,4%.

[6, tr 341]

Do cn phi khng ch nng dch ng trc khi houblon ho l:


16 1,4 0,4 = 14,2%
Khi lng ring ca dch ng 14,2% 200C l:
= 1.057,62 (kg/m3)

[1, tr 58]

Khi lng dch ng t 100 kg nguyn liu ban u l:


72,17 100
= 508,24 (kg)
14,2
508,24 10 3
= 480,55 (lt)
Th tch dch ng trc khi un si (qui v 20 C):
1.057,62
0

V hm lng cht chit nh hn nhiu so vi hm lng nc trong dch


ng nn ta tnh th tch dch ng theo th tch nc.
Ta c: th tch ring ca nc 200C l: 1.000,77 10-6 (m3/kg)

[1, tr 12]

th tch ring ca nc 1000C l: 1.043,43 10-6 (m3/kg)


1.043,43 10 6
= 501,03 (lt)
Do th tch dch ng khi un si l: 480,55
1.000,77 10 6

4.3.7 Lng cht kh cn li sau khi houblon ho:


72,17

(100 1)
= 71,45 (kg)
100

4.3.8 Lng dch ng cn li sau khi houblon ho:


- Tnh theo khi lng:

71,45 100
= 458,01 (kg)
14,2 + 1,4

- Tnh theo th tch:


Khi lng ring ca dch ng 15,6% 200C l:
1.063,62 (kg/m3)
Th tch dch ng sau khi houblon ho 1000C:

[1, tr 58]

458,01 1.043,43 10 6

10 3 = 448,97 (lt)
6
1.063,62 1.000,77 10

4.3.9 Lng cht kh cn li sau qu trnh lng trong v lm lnh:


71,45

(100 2)
= 70,02 (kg)
100

4.3.10 Khi lng ca dch ln men t 100 kg nguyn liu ban u:


70,02 100
= 437,63 (kg)
16

4.3.11 Th tch ca dch ln men:


Khi lng ring ca dch ng 16% 200C:
= 1.065,34 (kg/m3)
Th tch dch ng 16% 200C l:

[1, tr 58]
437,63 10 3
= 410,79 (lt)
1.065,34

Khi lm lnh dch ng n nhit ln men (90C) th c s gim th tch


ca dch ln men v ta coi s gim th tch ny cng l s gim th tch ring ca
nc theo nhit .
Th tch ring ca nc 200C l: 1.000,77 10-6 (m3/kg)

[1, tr 12]

Th tch ring ca nc 90C l: 1.000,19 10-6 (m3/kg)


1.000,19 10 6
= 410,55 (lt)
Nh vy th tch dch ln men l: 410,79
1.000,77 10 6

4.3.12 Lng bia non sau khi ln men chnh: 410,55

(100 1)
= 406,45 (lt)
100

4.3.13 Lng bia cn li sau khi ln men ph: 406,45


4.3.14 Lng bia cn li sau khi lc: 404,42

(100 0,5)
= 404,42 (lt)
100

(100 1)
= 400,37 (lt)
100

4.3.15 Lng bia sau chit rt v thanh trng: 400,37

(100 3)
= 388,36 (lt)
100

4.3.16 Tnh lng hoa houblon cn dng:


T th tch dch ng tnh mc (4.3.6) ta tnh lng hoa cn dng l:

480,55 3 = 1.441,65 (g)


Theo cng ngh th dng 35% hoa nguyn cnh v 65% hoa vin.
Do lng hoa nguyn cnh cn dng l:
1.441,65 35
= 504,58 (g) 0,505 (kg)
100

1g hoa vin thay th cho 3g hoa nguyn cnh. Do lng hoa vin cn dng
l:
1.441,65 65
= 312,36 (g) 0,312 (kg)
100 3

4.3.17 Lng b nguyn liu:


Thng thng c 100 kg nguyn liu ban u, sau khi nu v lc thu c
khong 120 kg b t c m 75%.

[8, tr 76]

Theo (4.3.3) lng nguyn liu sau khi nghin: 88,66 + 9,85 = 98,51 (kg)
Lng b t thu hi c:

98,51 120
= 118,21 (kg)
100

4.3.18 Lng b hoa houblon:


Lng b kh khng nc chim khong 60% so vi lng hoa cho vo.
Vy lng b kh l:

60
(504,58 + 312,36) 10 3 = 0,49( Kg )
100

Chn m ca b hoa l 80%


Vy lng b t l:

0,49 100
= 2,45( Kg )
100 80

4.3.19 Lng cn khi lng trong v lm lnh:


C 1 lt dch ng un si th lng cn lng l 0,05 g.
Vy lng cn thu c l:

[8, tr 76]

501,03 0,05
= 25,05 (g)
1

4.3.20 Lng men ging c cn dng:


C 100 lt dch ln men th cn 1 lt men ging c c m 8588%. Do
lng men ging cn dng l:
4.3.21 Lng CO2 thu c:

410,55 1
= 4,11 (lt)
100

Chn ln men thc l 58%


Vy lng cht kh ho tan ln men l:

70,02 58
= 40,61 (kg)
100

Phn ln cc cht ln men c trong dch ln men l disacarit. Nn qu trnh


ln men c biu din bi phng trnh:

C12H22O11 + H2O 2 C6H12O6


342
2C6H12O6 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 + Q
176
Lng CO2 sinh ra:

40,61 176
= 20,90 (kg)
342

Hm lng CO2 trong bia chim 0,4%, do hm lng CO2 trong bia l:
388,36 0,4
= 1,55 (kg)
100

Vy lng CO2 t do thu hi c: 20,90 1,55 = 19,35 (kg)


4.3.22 Lng men thu hi:
Thng c 100 lt dch ln men th thu c 2 lt sa men c m 85%,
trong ch c 1 lt dng lm men ging, s cn li s dng vo mc ch khc.
Lng sa men thu hi c:

410,55 2
= 8,21 (lt)
100

Lng sa men dng lm ging:

410,55 1
= 4,11 (lt)
100

Lng sa men dng lm vic khc: 8,21 4,11 = 4,10 (lt)


4.4 Tnh cn bng sn phm cho mt ngy:
Theo mc (4.3.15), c 100 kg nguyn liu ban u sn xut c 388,36 lt
bia thnh phm. Nh vy, vi nng sut 20 triu lt/nm th lng nguyn liu dng
cho mt nm l:

20 10 6 100
= 5.149.860,95 (kg)
388,36

Lng nguyn liu cn cho mt ngy l:


4.4.1 Lng nguyn liu ban u:

5.149.860,95
= 18.392,40 (kg)
280

Malt:

18.392,40 90
= 16.553,16 (kg)
100

Ng:

18.392,40 10
= 1.839,24 (kg)
100

4.4.2 Lng nguyn liu sau khi lm sch:


Malt:

18.392,40 89,11
= 16.389,47 (kg)
100

Ng:

18.392,40 9,90
= 1.820,85 (kg)
100

4.4.3 Lng nguyn liu sau khi nghin:


Malt:

18.392,40 88,66
= 16.306,70 (kg)
100

Ng:

18.392,40 9,85
= 1.811,65 (kg)
100

4.4.4 Lng dch ng un si:

501,03 18.392,40
= 92.151,44 (lt)
100

4.4.5 Lng dch ng sau khi houblon ho 1000C:


18.392,40 448,97
= 82.576,36 (lt)
100

4.4.6 Lng dch ln men:

18.392,40 410,55
= 75.510,00 (lt)
100

4.4.7 Lng bia non sau khi ln men chnh:


4.4.8 Lng bia sau ln men ph:
4.4.9 Lng bia sau lc:

18.392,40 406,45
= 74.755,91 (lt)
100

18.392,40 404,42
= 74.382,54 (lt)
100

18.392,40 400,37
= 73.637,65 (lt)
100

4.4.10 Lng bia thnh phm:

18.392,40 388,36
= 71.428,72 (lt)
100

4.4.11 Lng hoa cn dng:


- Dng hoa nguyn cnh:

18.392,40 504,58 10 3
= 92,80 (kg)
100

18.392,40 312,36 10 3
= 57,45 (kg)
- Hoa vin:
100

4.4.12 Lng b nguyn liu:


4.4.13 Lng b hoa:

18.392,40 118,21
= 21.741,66 (kg)
100

2,45 18.392,40
= 450,61( Kg )
100

4.4.14 Lng men ging:

18.392,40 4,11
= 755,93 (lt)
100

4.4.15 Lng men thu hi:

18.392,40 8,21
= 1.510,02 (lt)
100

4.4.16 Lng CO2 thu hi:

18.392,40 19,35
= 3.558,93 (kg)
100

4.5 Chi ph bao b:


4.5.1 Lng v chai:
Nh my dng chai c dung tch 330 ml cha bia.
Lng v chai cn dng trong mt ngy l:
71.428,72
= 216.450,67 (chai)
0,33

Chu k quay vng chai l 30 ngy v lng chai hao ht l 5%/chu k.


Lng chai cn s dng trong mt chu k l:
216.450,67 30 = 6.493.520 (chai)
Lng chai cn b sung trong mt nm l:
6.493.520 5 11
= 3.571.436 (chai)
100

Lng chai cn cho mt nm: 6.493.520 + 3.571.436 = 10.064.956 (chai)


4.5.2 S lng nhn:
Nh my s dng 1 nhn/1 chai vi lng hao ht nhn l 2%/nm.
Lng nhn cn s dng trong mt nm:
20 10 6
2 20 10 6
+
(
) = 61.818.181,82 (nhn)
0,33
100 0,33
Chn 61.818.182 (nhn)

4.5.3 Lng np y:
Nh my s dng 1 np/1 chai vi lng hao ht np l 2%/nm.
Lng np cn s dng cho mt nm l:
20 10 6
2 20 10 6
+
(
) = 61.818.181,82 (np)
0,33
100 0,33
Chn 61.818.182 (np)

4.5.4 Kt ng chai:
Nh my s dng loi kt 20 chai/kt.
Lng kt cn trong mt chu k l:

6.493.520
= 324.676 (kt)
20

Lng kt hao ht l 2 %, do lng kt cn b sung trong mt nm l:


324.676 0,02 11 = 71.428,72 (kt)
S kt cn cung cp cho mt nm:
324.676 + 71.428,72 = 396.104,72 (kt)
Chn 396.105 (kt)

Bng 4.3: Bng tng kt tnh cng bng vt cht

STT

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20

Tnh nguyn liu, bn thnh phm,


thnh phm, ph liu
Nguyn liu ban u (kg)
Nguyn liu sau lm sch
(kg)
Nguyn liu sau khi nghin

Malt
Ng
Malt
Ng
Malt
Ng

(kg)
Dch ng un si
Dch ng sau houblon ho 1000C
(lt)
Dch ln men (lt)
Bia sau ln men chnh (lt)
Bia sau ln men ph (lt)
Lng bia sau lc (lt)
Lng bia thnh phm (lt)
Lng b nguyn liu (kg)
Lng hoa nguyn cnh (kg)
Lng hoa vin (kg)
Lng b hoa (Kg)
Lng CO2 thu hi (kg)
Lng men ging (lt)
Lng men thu hi (lt)
Lng chai
Lng nhn
Lng np
Lng kt

Tnh
cho

Tnh cho

Tnh cho

Tnh cho 1

100 kg
90
10
89,11
9,90
88,66
9,85
501,03

1 m

1 ngy

nm

1.839,24
204,36
1.821,05
202,32
1.811,85
201,29
10.239,05

16.553,16
1.839,24
16.389,47
1.820,85
16.306,70
1.811,65
92.151,44

4.634.884,8
514.987,2
4.589.051,6
509.838,0
4.565.876,0
507.262
25.802.403,2

448,97

9.175,15

82.576,36

23.121.380,8

410,55
406,45
404,42
400,37
388,36
118,21
0,505
0,312
2,45
19,35
4,11
8,21

8.390,00
8.306,21
8.264,73
8.181,96
7.936,52
2.415,74
10,31
6,38
50,07
395,44
83,99
167,78

75.510,00
74.755,91
74.382,54
73.637,65
71.428,72
21.741,66
92,80
57,45
450,61
3.558,93
755,93
1.510,02

21.142.800,0
20.931.654,8
20.827.111,2
20.618.542,0
20.000.041,6
6.087.664,8
25.984
16.086
126.170,8
996.500,4
211.660,4
422.805,6
10.064.956
61.818.182
61.818.182
396.105

Chng 5. TNH V CHN THIT B


5.1 Cng on x l nguyn liu:
5.1.1 My lm sch nguyn liu:
Theo bng (4.3), tng lng nguyn liu cn lm sch trong mt m nu l:
1.839,24 + 204,36 = 2.043,6 (Kg)
Theo qui trnh cng ngh, mt m nu tn khong 155 pht, chn thi gian
lm sch mt m l 90 pht.

Nng sut ti thiu cn c ca my lm sch:


N=

2.043,6 60
= 1.362,4 (kg/h) 1,36 (tn/h)
90

Chn 1 my lm sch dng chung cho c hai loi nguyn liu, c nhn hiu
3M-2,5 vi cc thng s sau:

[16, tr 29]

- Nng sut ti a

: 2,5 tn/h

- Kch thc

: (2200 1220 2150) mm

- Cng sut in

: 4,6 kw

- S lng

: 1 ci

5.1.2 My nghin nguyn liu:


5.1.2.1 My nghin malt:
Theo bng (4.3), lng malt cn nghin trong mt m l: 1.821,05 kg 1,82tn/m.
Chn thi gian nghin ti a l 90 pht.
Nng sut ti thiu cn c ca my nghin l:
N=

1,82 60
= 1,21 (tn/h)
90

Chn my nghin c nhn hiu 3M vi cc thng s k thut sau:


- Kch thc trc nghin D L

: 0,3 0,6 m

- Vn tc gc ca trc nghin

: 38 rad/s

- Nng sut mt cp trc

: 1,5 tn/h

- Cng sut ti a trn cp trc

: 10 kw

- Khi lng my

: 3.050 kg

- Kch thc

: (1.700 1.500 1.600) mm

- S lng

: 1 ci

[16, tr 29]

5.1.2.2 My nghin ng:


Theo bng (4.3), lng ng cn nghin trong mt m l 202,32 kg/m 0,2 tn/m
Nng sut ti thiu cn c ca my nghin l: N =

0,2 60
= 0,13 (tn/h)
90

Chn my nghin ba nhn hiu MM-0,3 vi cc thng s k thut sau:


- Nng sut

: 0,2-0,75 tn/h

[16, tr 83]

- S vng quay ca rto

: 3.000 vng/pht

- Kch thc l sng

: 3;6;10 mm

- Cng sut cn thit ca rto

: 7 kw

- Kch thc ca my

: (1.100 1.000 1.100) mm

- Khi lng

: 340 kg

- S lng

: 1 my

5.1.3 Tnh bunke:


Bunke c th tch cha nguyn liu sn xut mt m, c dng hnh tr,
y hnh nn c gc nghing =600, c ch to bng thp. Chn h s cha y
=0,9.
Th tch bunke: V=VT + VN =

V: th tch bunke, m3

H h2

VT: th tch phn hnh tr, m3


VN: th tch phn hnh nn, m3
m: khi lng nguyn liu cn x l, Kg
: khi lng ring ca nguyn liu, Kg/m3

600
h1

V = D 2

h2 h1 D 2 d 2 D d
+ (
+
+ ) (1)
4 3
4
4
2 2

M h1 =

Dd
tg . Chn h2=1,3D v d = 0,2 m, h = 0,2 m
2

T (1) ta c kt qu:
V =

29,94 D 3 0,043
(2)
24

5.1.3.1 Bunke cha malt:


Theo bng (4.3), lng malt cn cha trong mt m l: 1.821,05 Kg
Khi lng ring ca malt: =560 (kg/m3)
[8, tr 32]
Th tch bunke cha malt: V =

1.821,05
= 3,61 (m3)
560 0,9

29,94 D 3 0,043
= 3,61
T (2) V =
24

D = 1,43

ng knh bunke cha: D = 1,43 m


ng knh ng tho liu: d = 0,2 m
Chiu cao ng tho liu: h = 0,2 m
Chiu cao thn bunke: h2 = 1,86 m
Chiu cao chp: h1 = 1,07 m
Chiu cao bunke cha: H = h2 + h1 + h = 1,86 + 1,07 + 0,2 = 3,13 m
S lng: 2 ci, 1 ci cha malt trc khi nghin v 1 cha malt sau khi
nghin.
5.1.3.2 Bunke cha ng:
Theo (4.3), lng ng cn cha trong mt m l: 202,32 Kg
Khi lng ring ca ng: = 1000 (kg/m3)
Th tch bunke cha ng: V =

[9, tr 132]

202,32
= 0,22 m3
1000 0,9

29,94 D 3 0,043
= 0,22
T (2) V =
24

D = 0,56 m

ng knh bunke cha: D = 0,56 m


ng knh ng tho liu: d = 0,2 m
Chiu cao ng tho liu: h = 0,2 m
Chiu cao thn bunke: h2 = 0,73 m
Chiu cao chp: h1 = 0,31 m
Chiu cao bunke cha: H = h2 + h1 + h = 0,73 + 0,31 + 0,2 = 1,24 m
S lng: 2 ci, 1 ci cha ng trc khi nghin v 1 cha ng sau khi nghin
5.1.4 Cn nguyn liu:
Chn cn in t nhn hiu WG ca hng OVIM-.
Khi lng ln nht m cn c th cn c mt ln l 100 kg. Chn 2 cn:
- 1 ci dng cn malt v malt lt.
- 1 ci dng cn ng.
5.1.5 Tnh c cu vn chuyn bng gu ti:

5.1.5.1 Gu ti chuyn malt v ng ln my lm sch:


S dng 1 gu ti ti c hai loi nguyn liu ln my lm sch.
n gin trong qu trnh vn hnh, ta chn gu ti c nng sut bng
nng sut my lm sch.
Thng s k thut ca gu ti:
- Nng sut:

2,5 tn/h

- Chiu rng tm bng:

125 mm

- Chiu rng gu:

135 mm

Cng sut ng c truyn ng: Nc=


Trong :

QH
,
367

[2, tr110]

Kw

[2, tr 115]

Q: nng sut gu ti, Q = 2,5 tn/h


H: chiu cao nng ca gu ti, H = 3,46 m
: hiu sut ca gu ti, =0,7

Nc =

2,5 3,46
= 0,034 (Kw)
367 0,7

S lng: 1 gu ti
5.1.5.2 Gu ti chuyn malt v ng sau khi lm sch ln bunke cha:
Chn 1 gu ti vi cc thng s k thut ging mc (5.1.5.1)
Chiu cao nng ca gu: H = 13 m
Cng sut ng c truyn ng: Nc =

2,5 13
= 0,127 (Kw)
367 0,7

S lng: 1 gu ti
5.1.5.3 Gu ti chuyn bt malt ln bunke cha:
n gin trong qu trnh vn hnh, ta chn gu c nng sut bng nng
sut my nghin malt.
Chn gu ti c cc thng s k thut sau:
- Nng sut:

1,5 tn/h

- Chiu cao nng ca gu:

12,8 m

Cng sut ng c truyn ng: Nc =

1,5 12,8
= 0,075 (Kw)
367 0,7

S lng: 1 gu ti
5.1.5.4 Gu ti chuyn bt ng ln bunke cha:
Chn gu ti c cc thng s ging nh gu ti bt malt ln bunke (mc 5.1.5.3)
- Chiu cao nng ca gu:
Cng sut ng c truyn ng: Nc =

11,37 m

1,5 11,37
= 0,066 (Kw)
367 0,7

S lng: 1 gu ti
Vy cng sut in dng cho cc gu ti:
N = 0,034 + 0,127 + 0,075 + 0,066 = 0,302 (Kw)
5.2 Cng on nu dch ng:
5.2.1 Ni nu nguyn liu:
Ni nu nguyn liu l ni 2 v, c dng hnh cu, c ch to bng thp
khng g, bn trong c cnh khuy dng m neo nm st y thit b.
1: ng thot hi
2: ca np liu
3: ng np hi
4: o hi
5: ng tho nc ngng
6: ca tho cho
7: cnh khuy
8: thnh ni
9: quan st
Chn

h 1
=
D 6

Th tch phn np ni: Vnp

= h 2 (

4 D
D 3
=
3 8
6
3

Th tch hnh cu: Vcu=

D h
2D 3
)=
2 3
162

25D 3
Th tch ni nu: Vni= Vcu-Vnp=
(1)
162

5.2.1.1 Ni nu ng:
Theo bng (4.3), lng ng cn nu mt m: 201,29 Kg.
Lng malt lt bng 10% so vi lng ng ca mt m nu
mmalt lt ni= 201,29 10%= 20,13 (Kg)
Th tch malt lt chim: VM =
Th tch ng chim: VN =

20,13
= 0,036 (m3)
560

201,29
= 0,201 (m3)
1000

Theo cng ngh mc (3.2.3.3)

t l malt : nc = 1kg : 3 lt.


t l ng : nc = 1kg : 3,5 lt.

Th tch ca nc nu: Vnc = 201,29 3,5 + 20,13 3 = 764,91 (lt) 0,765 (m3)
Tng th tch nguyn liu cn nu mt m:
V = VM + VN + Vnc = 0,036 + 0,201 +0,765 = 1,00 (m3 )
V ni ng tri qua qu trnh un si nn dch cho d pht ln ng thot hi. Do ,
ta chn h s cha y = 0,5
Vy th tch thc ca ni: VT =
Theo (1) ta c : Vni =

1,00
= 2,0(m 3 )
0,5

25D 3
= VT = 2,0( m 3 )
162

D = 1,60(m)

Chiu cao np : h =

D 1,60
=
= 0,27 (m )
6
6

Cnh khuy lm bng thp khng g.


Chn cnh khuy m neo c ng knh :
D' =

3
3
D = 1,60 = 1,20(m) = 1200( mm)
4
4

S vng quay ca cnh khuy : 0,6 v/s


Cng sut ng c in : 3 Kw

[3, tr 623]

ng thot hi : chn tit din ng thot hi bng 1/40 din tch b mt bc hi ln


nht. ng knh ng thot hi :
Dth =

D
1,60
=
= 0,25 (m)
40
40

5.2.1.2 Ni nu malt:
Ni c th tch cha lng cho malt v lng dch t ni ng chuyn sang.
Theo bng (4.3), lng malt nu mt m l: 1.811,85 Kg
Trong , lng malt chuyn vo ni nu malt l: 1.811,85 20,13 = 1.791,72 (Kg)
Th tch malt chim: VM =

1.791,72
= 3,20(m 3 )
560

Th tch ca nc nu phn malt:


Vnc = 1.791,72 3 = 5.375,16 (lt) 5,38 (m3)
Th tch hn hp trong ni ng chim: VN = 1,00 (m3)
Tng th tch nguyn liu cha trong mt m:
V = VM + Vnc + VN = 3,20 + 5,38 + 1,00 = 9,58 (m3)
Chn h s cha y ca thit b: =0,75
Vy th tch thc ca ni: VT =

9,58
= 12,77(m 3 )
0,75

25D 3
=
= VT = 12,77
162
Theo (1) ta c: Vni

Chiu cao np: h =

D = 2,97(m)

D 2,97
=
= 0,50(m)
6
6

Chn cnh khuy m neo c ng knh: D

3
3
D = 2,97 10 3 = 2228(mm)
4
4

+ S vng quay ca cnh khuy: 0,6 (v/s)

[3, tr 623]

+ Cng sut ng c in: 10 Kw


ng thot hi: chn tit din ng thot hi bng 1/40 din tch b mt bc hi ln
nht
ng knh ng thot hi: Dth =
5.2.2 Ni houblon ho:

D
= 0,47(m)
40

Cu to ni ging nh ni nu nguyn liu.


Theo bng (4.3), th tch dch ng un si mt m l: 10.239,05 (lt) 10,24 (m3)
Chn h s cha y = 0,75
Th tch thc ca ni l: VT =
Theo (1) ta c: Vni =
Chiu cao np: h =

10,24
= 13,65(m 3 )
0,75

25D 3
= VT = 13,65(m 3 )
162

D = 3,04(m)

D 3,04
=
= 0,51(m)
6
6

Chn cnh khuy mi cho c ng knh: D ' =

3
3
D = 3,04 = 2,28(m)
4
4

+ S vng quay cnh khuy: 0,6 (v/s)

[3, tr 623]

+ Cng sut ng c in: 4 Kw


Cnh khuy lm bng thp khng g.
ng thot hi: chn tit din ng thot hi bng 1/40 din tch b mt bc hi ln
nht
ng knh ng thot hi: Dth =

D
3,04
=
= 0,48(m)
40
40

5.2.3 Ni nu nc nng:
Ni nu nc nng c cu to tng t ni nu nguyn liu, ch khc l
khng c cnh khuy. Ni c th tch cha lng nc cn dng nu v ra b
cho mt m.
Theo (5.2.1.1) v (5.2.1.2) th th tch nc nu mt m:
Vnc nu = 0,765 + 5,38 = 6,145 (m3)
Th tch nc ra b chn bng 1/3 th tch nc nu.
1
1
= 0,145 = 2,05(m 3 )
Vra b = 3 Vnc nu 3

Vy lng nc cn dng cho mt m nu k c nc ra b l:


V = 6,145 + 2,05 = 8,20 (m3)
Chn h s cha y = 0,8

Th tch thc ca ni: V T =

8,20
= 10,25(m 3 )
0,8

25D 3
=
= VT = 10,25
162
Theo (1) ta c: Vni
ng knh thit b: D = 2,77 m

chiu cao np: h =

D 2,77
=
= 0,46( m)
6
6

ng thot hi: chn tit din ng thot hi bng 1/40 din tch b mt bc hi ln
nht
ng knh ng thot hi: Dth =

D
2,77
=
= 0,44(m)
40
40

Cc thng s khc ca cc loi ni:


- Np ni lm bng thp khng g dy: 4mm
- y hai v:

+ v trong dy: 4mm


+ v ngoi dy: 5mm
+ khe h gia hai lp v: 50mm

- Chiu dy lp bo n: 50mm
- Ca tip liu c kch thc: (500x400) mm
- ng dn nc vo: + ng knh: 50mm
+ chiu dy: 2mm
- ng dn hi t vo v nc ngng ra:
+ ng knh: 40mm
+ chiu dy: 4mm
+ ng dn hi t vo c lp bo n dy: 30mm
- Chiu dy ng thot hi: 2mm
5.2.4 Thit b lc thng:
Thng lc l mt thit b bng thp c dng hnh tr, y phng. Pha trn y
chnh c t mt tm li lm y lc.
1. ng thot hi
2. Ca quan st

3. ng dch vo
4. Cnh khuy
5. ng tho b
6. ng v sinh

Theo bng (4.3), lng malt sau khi nghin cho mt m l: 1.811,85 Kg
Lng ng sau khi nghin cho mt m: 201,29 Kg
Vy tng lng nguyn liu nu mt m l:
1.811,85 + 201,29 = 2.013,14 (Kg)
Theo nghin cu, c 170 Kg nguyn liu th chim 1 m2 b mt lc.
Do , 2.013,14 Kg nguyn liu th chim:
S=

2.013,14
D 2
= 11,84(m 2 ) =
170
4

Vi D l ng knh thng lc (m)


Vy ng knh thng lc l: D =

4 S
=

4 11,84
= 3,88( m)

Theo mc (5.2.1.2), lng dch cn lc ca mt m: V = 9,58 m3


Chn h s cha y ca thit b = 0,5
Th tch thc ca thit b lc: VT =
M VT =

V 9,58
=
= 19,16(m 3 )

0,5

D 2 H 2
nn chiu cao phn tr ca thit b l:
4
H2 =

4VT
4 19,96
=
= 1,62( m)
2
D
3,14 3,88 2

Chiu cao np thit b: H 1 =

D
3,88
tg =
tg 20 0 = 0,71( m)
2
2

Chn khong cch t y chnh ca thit b n li l: l = 0,3(m)


Tng chiu cao ca thit b: H = H2 + H1 = 1,62 + 0,71 = 2,33 (m)
Chn tit din ng thot hi bng 1/40 din tch b mt bc hi ln nht

ng knh ng thot hi: Dth =

D
3,88
=
= 0,61(m)
40
40

Chn cnh khuy dng bn co c ng knh:


D' =

3
3
D = 3,88 = 2,91(m) = 2.910(mm)
4
4

+ S vng quay cnh khuy: 0,2 v/s

[3, tr 622]

+ Cng sut ng c in: 17 Kw


Theo quy trnh, thi gian nu mt m l 155 pht (tc 2,58 h), cn thi gian
lc v ra b l 4h. Vy s thit b lc cn c l:

4
= 1,55
2,58

Chn 2 thit b

5.2.5 Thng trung gian cha dch ng sau khi lc:


Chn thng c tit din hnh vung, lm bng thp khng g, c lp bo n
trnh tn tht nhit, h s cha y = 0,8
Thng c th tch cha dch ng bm vo thit b houblon ho trong 1 m.
Theo bng (4.3), th tch dch ng i houblon ho trong 1 m:
Vdch ng = 10,24 (m3)
Th tch thng: Vthng

10,24
= 12,8(m 3 )
0,8

Chn cnh thng b = 2,5 (m)


Chiu cao thng: H =

12,8
= 2,05(m)
2,5 2

Kch thc thng: (2,5x2,5x2,05) m


S lng thng: 1 ci
5.2.6 Thng cha b nguyn liu:
Theo bng (4.3), lng b nguyn liu thi ra sau mt m lc l: mB = 2.415,74 Kg
Chn khi lng ring ca b t: B = 1.000(kg / m 3 )
Th tch b nguyn liu: VB =

2.415,74
= 2,42(m 3 )
1.000

Chn h s cha y ca thng: = 0,8


Th tch thng: Vthng =

2,42
= 3,03(m 3 )
0,8

Thng lm bng thp khng g, thn tr, y nn


Th tch thng c tnh theo cng thc:
V = Vn + Vtr
Vn: th tch phn y nn, m3
Vtr: th tch phn thn tr, m3
D 2 h1
Th tch phn thn tr: Vtr =
4

Chn h1 = 1,3D
Vtr =

D 2 1,3D
= 1,021D 3
4

Th tch phn y nn: Vn =

D 2 h
, chn h = 0,3D
12

2
Vn = D 0,3D = 0,0785 D 3
12

V = 0,0785D3 + 1,021D3 = 1,0995D3 D = 3


ng knh thng: D = 3

V
1,0995

(2)

V
3,03
=3
= 1,40(m)
1,0995
1,0995

Chiu cao phn tr: h1 = 1,3D = 1,3 x 1,40 = 1,82 (m)


Chiu cao phn nn: h = 0,3D = 0,3 x 1,40 = 0,42(m)
Tng chiu cao thit b: H = h1 + h = 1,82 + 0,42 = 2,24 (m)
S lng thng: 1 ci
5.2.7 Thit b tch b hoa:
L thng hnh tr, y nn c dng nh thng cha b nguyn liu. Tuy
nhin bn trong c li v cnh khuy. Dch ng sau khi houblon ho c x
xung thit b tch b hoa, b c gi li trn li lc, cn dch ln men nh bm ly

tm bm ln thit b lng trong. Li lc t cch ming thng 0,2m. Chn th tch


thng bng thit b houblon ho.
Vthng=

13,65
= 3,41(m 3 )
4

Theo (2) ta c ng knh thng: D = 3

V
3,41
=3
= 1,42(m)
1,0995
1,0995

Chiu cao phn tr: h1 = 1,3D = 1,3 x 1,42 = 1,85(m)


Chiu cao phn nn: h = 0,3D = 0,3 x 1,42 = 0,43(m)
Tng chiu cao thit b: H = h + h1 = 0,43 + 1,85 = 2,28 (m)
5.2.8 Thng cha b hoa:
Theo bng (4.3), lng b hoa thi ra mt ngy l: 450,61 Kg
Chn khi lng ring b = 800( Kg / m 3 )
Th tch b hoa: Vb =

450,61
= 0,56(m 3)
800

Chn thng b hoa c thit din hnh vung, lm bng thp, h s cha y = 0,8
Th tch thng: Vthng =

0,56
= 0,7(m 3 )
0,8

Chn cnh thng b = 1 m


Chiu cao thng: H =

V
0,7
=
= 0,7(m)
2
b
1

Kch thc thng: (1 1 0,7) m


S lng: 1 ci
5.2.9 Thit b lng trong:
Nh my dng thit b Whirpool lng trong dch ng. Thit b lng trong
Whirpool l mt thng c lm bng thp khng g, y thng c nghing 3 0 so
vi phng nm ngang. cao thn thng k t di ln l ng ng bm
dch vo thng, dch c bm vo vi vn tc 1014 m/s theo phng tip tuyn
vi thn thng. Nh c lc hng tm ln, cn lng b ht vo tm thng v lng
xung y. Sau khi bm dch vo thng yn 20 pht, tip theo dch ng trong

c bm sang thit b lm lnh nhanh, cn cn y thng c di nc v x ra


ngoi.

1. ng thot hi

2. Ca dch ng vo
3. Ca thot cn
4. Ca dch ng ra

= 100
Th tch dch ng a vo thit b lng trong bng th tch dch ng sau
khi houblon ha.
Theo bng (4.3), th tch dch ng sau khi houblon ha l 9.175,15 lt
Vdch ng = 9.175,15 lt = 9,18 (m3 )
Chn h s cha y ca thit b = 0,8
Th tch thit b: VT =

9,18
= 11,48 (m3)
0,8

Chn t l gia chiu cao v ng knh ca thit b l

h2 5
=
D 3

D 2 H 5D 3
=
= 11,48 (m3)
4
12

VT =

D = 2,06 (m)

h2 = 3,44 (m)

Chn gc nghing np thng = 10 0


Chiu cao np: h1

D
2,06
tg =
tg10 0 = 0,18
2
2

(m)

Chiu cao thng lng : H = h1 + h2 = 0,18 + 3,44 = 3,62 (m)


Chn ca a dch vo t chiu cao bng 1/4 chiu cao thng tnh t y thit b:
h =

h2 3,44
=
= 0,86(m)
4
4

Ta c, lu lng dch ng chy qua ng c tnh theo cng thc :

V = 0,785w d2
Trong :

[3, tr 369]

w : tc trung bnh ca dch ng, chn w = 13m/s


d: ng knh ng dn, chn d = 30mm; b dy ng 3 mm

V = 0,785 13 0,032 = 9,18 x 10-3 (m3/s) = 33,06 (m3/h).

Vy thi gian dch vo :


T=

Vdichduong
V

9,18
60 = 16,67 (pht)
33,06

Chn ng ng dn dch ra : d = 50 mm
Chn tit din ng thot hi bng 1/40 tit din b mt bc hi ln nht.
ng knh ng thot hi: Dth =

D
2,06
=
= 0,33(m)
40
40

S lng : 1 thit b
5.2.10 Thit b lm lnh:
Sau khi lng, dch ng c bm i lm lnh bng thit b lm lnh bn
mng.
Theo bng (4.3), lng dch ng em i lm lnh trong mt m: Vd = 9,18 (m3)
Theo yu cu cng ngh, thi gian lm lnh khng qu 1 gi. Chn 45 pht
Vy nng sut lm vic ca thit b l: N tb =

9,18 60
= 12,24(m 3 / h)
45

Chn thit b lm lnh nhn hiu BOI Y5 vi cc thng s k thut sau:


- Nng sut (N)

: 5 m3/h

- Nhit ban u ca glycol

: -150C

- Nhit lm lnh sn phm

: 90C

- S lng bn

: 85 bn

- Kch thc bn

: (800 225 1,2) mm

- B mt lm vic ca cc bn

: 12,1 m2

- Vn tc ca sn phm

: 0,4 m/s

- Vn tc cht ti lnh

: 0,4 m/s

- Kch thc thit b

: (1870 700 1400) mm

- Khi lng

: 430 Kg

[17, tr 158]

S lng thit b: n =

N tb 12,24
=
= 2,45
N
5

chn 3 thit b

5.2.11 Tnh v chn cc loi bm dng cho phn xng nu:


5.2.11.1 Bm dch cho t ni nu ng sang ni nu malt:
Theo phn cng ngh, thi gian bm bng thi gian hi cho: 10 pht
Th tch dch cho trong ni ng: V = 1,00 m3
Nng sut lm vic ca bm: N =

1,00 60
= 6( m 3 / h)
10

Chn bm ly tm nhn hiu -10 vi cc thng s k thut sau:


- Nng sut

: 10 m3/h

- p sut lm vic

: 0,2 Mpa

- Tc quay

: 2860 vng/pht

- Cng sut ng c

: 2,2 Kw

- Chiu cao bm ln

: 2,3 m

- Kch thc

: (1307 380 740) mm

- Khi lng

: 103 Kg

S lng thit b: n =

[17, tr 372]

6
= 0,6 chn 1 bm
10

5.2.11.2 Bm dch ng ho i lc:


Th tch dch ng cn bm i lc: V = 9,58 m3
Chn thi gian bm i lc: 30 pht
Nng sut cn lm vic ca bm: N =

9,58 60
= 19,16(m 3 / h)
30

Chn bm ly tm nhn hiu -20 vi cc thng s k thut sau:


- Nng sut

: 20 m3/h

- p sut lm vic

: 0,3 Mpa

- Tc quay

: 2900 vng/pht

- Cng sut ng c

: 4,0 Kw

- Chiu cao bm ln

: 4,8 m

[17, tr 372]

- Kch thc

: (1055 410 738) mm

- Khi lng

: 100 Kg

S lng thit b: n =

19,16
= 0,96 chn 1 bm
20

5.2.11.3 Bm dch ng i houblon ho:


Theo bng (4.3), th tch dch ng i houblon ho trong 1 m l: 10,24 m3
Chn 1 bm -20 nh chn mc (5.2.11.2)
5.2.11.4 Bm dch ng ho i lng trong:
Th tch dch ng bm i lng trong l: V = 9,18 m3
Thi gian bm ln thit b Whirlpool l: 16,67 pht
Nng sut cn lm vic ca bm: N =

9,18 60
= 33,06(m 3 / h)
16,67

Chn bm ly tm nhn hiu -40 vi cc thng s k thut sau:


- Nng sut

: 40 m3/h

- p sut lm vic

: 0,2 Mpa

- Tc quay

: 2910 vng/pht

- Cng sut ng c

: 8 Kw

- Kch thc

: (1385 510 907) mm

- Khi lng

: 210 Kg

S lng thit b: n =

33,06
= 0,83 chn 1 bm
40

[17, tr 372]

5.2.11.5 Bm dch ng i lm lnh:


Lng dch ng bm i lm lnh coi nh bng lng dch ng bm i
lng trong: V = 9,18 m3
Thi gian lm lnh: 45 pht
V c 3 thit b lm lnh nn cn 3 bm
Nng sut cn lm vic ca bm: N =

9,18 60
= 4,08(m 3 / h)
3 45

Chn bm ly tm nhn hiu -5 vi cc thng s k thut sau:


- Nng sut

: 5 m3/h

[17, tr 372]

- p sut lm vic

: 0,08 Mpa

- Tc quay

: 1420 vng/pht

- Cng sut ng c

: 1,7 Kw

- Kch thc

: (432 290 285) mm

- Khi lng

: 29,3 Kg

S lng thit b: 3 bm.


5.3 Cng on ln men:
5.3.1 Thit b ln men chnh:
Thit b ln men chnh c ch to bng thp khng g, thn hnh tr, y
v np hnh chm cu.
Th tch hnh hc thit b: Vtb = Vtr + 2Vcc
Th tch phn hnh tr: Vtr =

D 2 H 3
(m )
4

Th tch phn chm cu: Vcc =

3D 2
h(4h 2 + 3D 2 ) 3
h( h 2 +
)=
(m )
6
4
24

Th tch dch cn ln men gm th tch dch ng v th tch men ging.


Lng dch ln men trong mt ngy c phn phi vo 5 thit b ln men.
Theo bng (4.3): + Lng dch ln men trong mt ngy: 75.510,0 lt 75,51 m3
+ Lng men ging dng cho mt ngy: 755,93 lt 0,76 m3
Tng lng dch ln men trong mt ngy: 75,51 + 0,76 = 76,27 m3
Chn h s cha y ca thit b: = 0,82

76,27
= 18,60(m 3 )
Th tch mt thit b: Vtb =
5 0,82

Chn h1 = 1,6D; h = 0,1D


D 2 h1 D 2 1,6 D
=
= 0,4D 3
Th tch hnh tr: Vtr =
4
4

3D 2
19D 3
)=
Th tch chm cu: Vcc = h(h 2 +
6
4
1500

Th tch thit b: Vtb = 0,4D 3 + 2

h1
1
1
D

19D
159,5 3
=
D (3)
1500
375
3

h
4

D=3

Vtb 375
18,60 375
=3
= 2,41(m)
159,5
3,14 159,5

Suy ra: h1 = 1,6D = 1,6 2,41 = 3,86 (m)


h = 0,1D = 0,1 2,41 = 0,24 (m)
Chiu cao ton b thit b: H = h1 + 2h = 3,86 + 2 0,24 = 4,34(m)
Theo cng ngh, thi gian ln men chnh l 9 ngy. Mt tun ch nu c 6 ngy, cn
ln men th lin tc nn s thit b ln men chnh l:

6
9 5 = 38,57 39
7

Chn 2 thit b d tr. Vy c tt c 41 thit b


5.3.2 Thit b ln men ph:
Thit b ln men ph c cu to ging thit b ln men chnh nhng t nm ngang.
Lng bia non t cc thit b ln men chnh trong mt ngy c phn phi vo 3
thng ln men ph.
Theo bng (4.3), th tch bia non i ln men ph trong mt ngy l:
V = 74.755,91 (lt) 74,76 (m3)
Chn h s cha y ca thit b = 0,96
Th tch thit b ln men ph: Vtb =

74,76
= 25,96(m 3 )
0,96 3

Chn L = 1,6D; l = 0,1D


T (3) ta c: D = 3

V 375
25,96 375
=3
= 2,69(m)
159,5
3,14 159,5

Chiu di phn tr: L = 1,6D = 1,6 2,69 = 4,30(m)


Chiu di np: l = 0,1D = 0,1 2,69 = 0,27(m)
Chiu di ton b thit b: L = L'+2l = 4,30 + 2 0,27 = 4,84( m)
Thi gian ln men ph l 40 ngy nn s thit b ln men ph l:

6
40 3 = 102 ,86
7

Chn thm 3 thng d tr. Do tng s thit b ln men ph l 106


5.3.3 Thit b nui cy nm men:

L thit b dng hnh tr c np chm cu, y hnh cn, c lm bng thp


khng g.
Chn h =

4
D ; h1 = 0,3D , = 60 0 , d = 0,1 m
3

h2 =

Dd
D 0,1
tg =
tg 60 0
2
2

Th tch phn tr: Vtr =

D 2
D 3
h=
4
3

Th tch phn y:
2
2
1
D 2 + 0,12 + 0,1D
( D 0,1)
0 D + 0,1 + 0,1D
Vd = h2 (
)=
tg 60 (
)
3
4
3
2
4

Th tch phn np: Vn =

h1 2 3D 2
0,3D
3D 2
2
(h1 +
)=
(
0
,
3
D
)
+
6
4
6
4

Th tch thit b: Vtb = Vtr + Vd + Vn =

10,74D 3 0,13 tg 60 0
(4)
24

Theo bng (4.3), lng men ging c dng trong mt ngy l: 755,93 lt.
Nui cy nm men tri qua hai giai on: nui cy trong phng th nghim
n 12 lt v nui cy trong sn xut.
Qu trnh nui cy trong sn xut c chia thnh 2 cp:
+ cp 1: t 12 lt n 60 lt
+ cp 2: t 60 lt n 400 lt
5.3.3.1 Thit b nui cy cp 1:
Chn thit b nui cy c th cha c 60 lt.
Chn h s cha y = 0,5
Th tch ca thit b: Vtb =
T (4) ta c: Vtb =

60
= 120 (lt) = 0,12 (m3)
0,5

10,74D 3 0,13 tg 60 0
= 0,12
24

ng knh thit b: D = 0,44 (m)

d = 0,1 (m)

h=

4
4
D = 0,44 = 0,59(m)
3
3

h1 = 0,3D = 0,3 0,44 = 0,13(m)


h2 =

D 0,1
0,44 0,1
tg 60 0 =
tg 60 0 = 0,29(m)
2
2

Tng chiu cao thit b: H = h + h1 + h2 = 0,59 + 0,13 + 0,29 = 1,01 (m)


S lng thit b: ging theo yu cu th mi cp phi nui song song trong 2
thit b v chn thm 1 thit b d tr. Vy tng s thit b l 3 ci
5.3.3.2 Thit b nui cy cp 2:
Chn thit b nui cy c th cha c 400 lt.
Chn h s cha y = 0,5
Th tch ca thit b: Vtb =
T (4) ta c: Vtb =

400
= 800 (lt) = 0,8 (m3)
0,5

10,74D 3 0,13 tg 60 0
= 0,8
24

ng knh thit b: D = 0,83 (m)

d = 0,1 (m)
h=

4
4
D = 0,83 = 1,11(m)
3
3

h1 = 0,3D = 0,3 0,83 = 0,25(m)


h2 =

D 0,1
0,83 0,1
tg 60 0 =
tg 60 0 = 0,63(m)
2
2

Tng chiu cao thit b: H = h + h1 + h2 = 1,11 + 0,25 + 0,63 = 1,99 (m)


S lng thit b: tng t nh thit b nui cy cp 1 ta cng chn thm 1 thng d
tr na. Do tng s thit b nui cy cp 2 l 3 ci
5.3.4 Thit b lc bia:
Theo bng (4.3), lng bia cn lc trong mt ngy l: 74.382,54 lt
Chn thit b lc khung bn c nhn hiu

9 C
vi cc thng s k thut:
423 53 00 00

- Nng sut

: 9 m3/h

- Din tch b mt lc

: 19,5 m2

[17, tr 109]

- S lng bn

: 60

- Kch thc bn

: (565 x 575) mm

- Cng sut ng c

: 4,5 Kw

- p sut lm vic

: 2,5 Kg/cm2

- Kch thc thit b

: (2500 x 1080 x 1470) mm

- Khi lng

: 1470 Kg

S lng thit b:

74.382,54
= 0,34 chn 1 thit b
9 10 3 24

5.3.5 Bm dng cho phn xng ln men:


5.3.5.1 Bm bia i lc trong:
Theo bng (4.3), lng bia cn lc trong mt ngy l: 74,38 m3
Chn bm c nng sut gn vi nng sut ca thit b lc l 9m3/h
Chn bm ly tm nhn hiu -10 vi cc thng s k thut ging mc (5.2.11.1)
S lng: 1 bm
5.3.5.2 Bm nc v sinh:
Chn 3 bm ly tm nhn hiu -10 vi cc thng s k thut ging mc
(5.2.11.1) bm nc v cc cht st trng v sinh thit b ln men.
5.3.5.3 Bm nm men:
Theo bng (4.3), lng men ging c dng trong mt ngy l: 755,93 lt 0,76m3
Chn bm ly tm nhn hiu -5 vi cc thng s k thut ging mc (5.2.11.5)
S lng: 1 bm
5.3.6 Tnh lng diatomit v thng phi trn cht tr lc:
Chi ph bt diatomit to lp lc ban u khong 500 g/m2 b mt lc v
b sung trong qu trnh lc l 50 g/m2.
Theo thng s k thut ca thit b lc bia mc (5.3.4), din tch b mt lc l 19,5
m2. Nh vy lng diatomit dng trong mt ngy l:
500 19,5 + 50 19,5 = 10.725( g ) 10,73( Kg )

Thng phi trn hnh tr, c dung tch cha 200 lt. Chn h s cha y = 0,85
Th tch thng: V =

200
= 235,3 (lt) 0,24(m 3 )
0,85

Chn ng knh thng: D = 0,6 (m)


Chiu cao thng: H =

4 V
4 0,24
=
= 0,85(m)
2
D
3,14 0,6 2

S lng: 1 thng
5.3.7 Thng cha n nh bia sau khi lc trong:
Thng cha c cu to v hnh dng ging thit b ln men ph, t nm
ngang v c b phn sc CO2.
Theo bng (4.3), lng bia sau khi lc cn cha trong mt ngy:
73.637,65 (lt) 73,64(m 3 )
Chn 4 thng cha c h s cha y = 0,85
Th tch mi thng: V =
T (3) ta c: D = 3

73,64
= 21,66(m 3 )
4 0,85

V 375
21,66 375
=3
= 2,53(m)
159,5
3,14 159,5

ng knh thit b: D = 2,53 (m)

Chiu di phn tr: L = 1,6D = 1,6 2,53 = 4,05(m)


Chiu di phn np: l = 0,1D = 0,1 2,53 0,25(m)
Chiu di ton b thit b: L = L + 2l = 4,05 + 2 0,25 = 4,55(m)
5.4 Cng on chit rt:
Theo bng (4.3), lng bia cn chit rt trong 1 ngy l: 73.637,6 (lt) 73,64(m 3 )
Dung tch mi chai l 0,33 lt, do lng chai cn chit trong mt ngy l:
73.637,65
= 223.144,39 223.144 (chai/ngy)
0,33

Theo biu sn xut, phn xng chit rt lm vic 2 ca/ngy, thi gian ngh i ca
l 30 pht.
Thi gian lm vic ca 1 ngy trong phn xng chit rt l: 8 2 0,5 = 15,5(h)
Nng sut ca h thng chit rt:

223.144
= 14.396,39 14.396(chai / h)
15,5

Chn 1 dy chuyn chit rt vi nng sut 18.000 chai/h

5.4.1 My chit rt:


Chn my chit rt nhn hiu T1-BPA-18 vi cc thng s k thut sau:
- Nng sut

: 18.000 chai/h

[17, tr 189]

- S lng vi

: 28 vi

- Cng sut ng c

: 0,8 Kw

- Kch thc

: (1.620 1.920 2.290) mm

- Khi lng

: 2.000 Kg

- S lng

: 1 my

5.4.2 My ra chai:
Chn my ra chai c nhn hiu AMM-18 vi cc thng s k thut sau:
- Nng sut

: 18.000 chai/h

- Chu k

: 7,8 giy

[17, tr 189]

- Khong cch gia cc caset : 85 mm


- S u mang chai

: 28

- S bm

:4

- Cng sut ng c

: 30 Kw

- Kch thc thit b

: (7.460 3.840 2.650) mm

- Khi lng

: 13.500 Kg

- S lng

: 1 my

5.4.3 My ra kt:
Lng kt s dng trong mt ngy:
Nng sut cn c ca my ra kt:

223.144
= 11.157,2 11.157 (kt)
20

11.157
= 719,81 (kt/h)
15,5

Chn my nhn hiu PSA vi cc thng s k thut sau:


- Nng sut

: 1000 kt/h

- Cng sut ng c

: 3,5 Kw

- Kch thc

: (4.000 1.083 1.930) mm

- S lng

: 1 my

5.4.4 My ng np:

[17, tr 284]

Chn my ng np nhn hiu BYA 18 vi cc thng s k thut sau:


- Nng sut

: 18.000 chai/h

[17, tr 204]

- S mm ng

: 14

- Cng sut ng c

: 1,2 Kw

- Kch thc thit b

: (1.020 860 2.454) mm

- Khi lng

: 850 Kg

- S lng

: 1 my

5.4.5 My dn nhn:
Chn my dn nhn hiu T1-BH vi cc thng s k thut sau:
- Nng sut

: 18.000 chai/h

- Cng sut ng c

: 2,2 Kw

- Kch thc

: (4.250 1.250 1.420) mm

- Khi lng

: 1.240 Kg

5.4.6 My thanh trng:


Chn my thanh trng nhn hiu Atlantico vi cc thng s k thut sau:
- Nng sut

: 18.000 chai/h

- Cng sut ng c

: 22 Kw

- Kch thc

: (8.620 2.700 2.600) mm

- Khi lng

: 9.400 Kg

- S lng

: 1 ci

5.4.7 Bng ti chai, kt:


Chn h thng bng ti chai, kt nhn hiu BA 6 vi cc thng s k thut sau:
- Vn tc

: 0,35 m/s

[17, tr 386]

- Khong cch so vi nn

: 650 mm

- Cng sut ng c

: 3 Kw

- Kch thc

: (17.355 640 700) mm

- Khi lng

: 1.430 Kg

Bng 5.1:Bng tng kt phn tnh v chn thit b


STT

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

Tn thit b

My lm sch
My nghin malt
My nghin ng
Bunke cha malt
Bunke cha ng
Cn nguyn liu
Gu ti
Ni nu ng
Ni nu malt
Ni houblon ho
Ni nu nc nng
Thit b lc thng
Thng trung gian cha dch
ng sau khi lc
Thng cha b nguyn liu
Thit b tch b hoa
Thng cha b hoa
Thit b lng trong
Thit b lm lnh
Bm hi cho
Bm dch ng i lc
Bm dch ng i houblon ho
Bm dch ng i lng trong
Bm dch ng i lm lnh
Thit b ln men chnh

Kch thc thit b


(mm)

2.200 1.200 2150


1.700 1.500 1.600
1.100 1.000 1.100
D = 1430, H = 3.130
D = 560, H = 1.240

S
lng

D = 1.600
D = 2.970
D = 3.040
D = 2.770
D = 3.880, H = 2.330

1
1
1
2
2
2
4
1
1
1
1
2

2.500 2.500 2.050

D = 1.400, H = 2.240
D = 1.420, H = 2.280
1.000 1.000 700
D = 2.060, H = 3.620
1.870 700 1.400
1.307 380 740
1.055 410 738
1.055 410 738
1.385 510 907
432 290 285
D = 2.410, H = 4.340

1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
41

K hiu, m
s

3M-2,5
3M
MM-0,3

Cng
sut
ng c
(kw)

4,6
10
7

WG
3
10
4
17

BOI-Y5
-10
-20
-20
-40
-5

2,2
4
4
8
1,7

25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40

Thit b ln men ph
Thit b nui cy nm men cp 1
Thit b nui cy nm men cp 2
Thit b loc
Bm bia i lc trong
Bm nc v sinh
Bm men ging
Thng phi trn diatomit
Thng n nh bia
My chit rt
My ra chai
My ra kt
My ng np
My dn nhn
My thanh trng
Bng ti chai, kt

D = 2.690, L = 4.840
D = 440, H = 1.010
D = 830, H = 1.990
2.500 1.080 1.470
1.307 380 740
1.307 380 740
432 290 285
D = 600, H = 850
D = 2.530, L = 4.550
1.620 1.920 2.290
7.460 3.840 2.650
4.000 1.083 1.930
1.020 860 2.454
4.250 1.250 1.420
8.620 2.700 2.600
17.355 640 700

106
3
3
1
1
3
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

9 C
423 53 00 00

-10
-10
-5
T1-BPA-18

AMM-18
PSA
BYA-18
T1-BH
Atlantico
BA 6

4,5
2,2
2,2
1,7
0,8
30
3,5
1,2
2,2
22
3

Chng 6. TNH T CHC


6.1 S t chc ca nh my:
GIM C

PG KINH DOANH

PG K THUT

Phng
KCS

Phng
k thut

Phn xng sn xut

Phn
xng
nu

Phn
xng
ln men

Phng
k
hoch

Phng
maketing

Phn xng hon thin

Phn
xng
chit
rt

Kho
bao b

Phng Phng
t chc k ton,
hnh
ti v
chnh

Kho
thnh
phm

Phn xng c in

Phn
xng
l hi

Phn
xng
lnh
kh nn

Phn
xng
c kh

Phng
i
sng

Phng y
t, bo
v

Phn xng ph tr

Cung cp
nguyn
liu,
nhin liu

X l
nc,
nc
thi

6.2. T chc lao ng ca nh my:


6.2.1. Ch lm vic:
Mi ngy nh my lm vic 3 ca: Ca 1: T 6h - 14h
Ca 2: T 14h - 22h
Ca 3: T 22h - 6h sng hm sau.
Phn xng chit rt lm vic ca 1 v ca 2.
Khong thi gian thay ca l 30 pht.
Nh my lm vic 280 ngy/nm. Ring phn xng ln men lm vic lin tc.
Khi hnh chnh lm vic 8h/ngy: Sng: t 7h - 11h30
Chiu: t 13h30 - 17h
6.2.2. T chc lao ng ca nh my:
6.2.2.1. Lao ng gin tip:
- Gim c

:1

- Ph gim c

:2

- Phng t chc hnh chnh

:4

- Phng y t, bo v

:4

- Phng k ton, ti v

:3

- Phng marketing

:5

- Phng i sng

:2

- Phng k hoch

:3

- Phng ha nghim KCS

:5

- Phng k thut

:5

- Nh n, cn tin

:5

- Nh v sinh

:1

Tng cng

: 40 ngi

6.2.2.2. Lao ng trc tip:


Bng 6.1: Bng phn b lao ng trc tip:
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

Chc nng
Qun c
X l nguyn liu
Nu nguyn liu
Lc dch ng
Lng trong - lm lnh
Phn xng c in lnh
Phng thu hi CO2
L hi
X l nc, nc thi
Phn xng ln men chnh
Phn xng ln men ph
Lc trong bia
Ra chai
Kim tra chai sau khi ra, chit
Chit rt v ng np
Thanh trng
Dn nhn
Cho bia vo kt
Bc kt xp vo mm
Bc v chai i ra
Kho nguyn liu
Kho bao b
Kho thnh phm

S
ngi/ca
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
2
3
1
1
1

S ca
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3

S
ngi
3
6
6
3
3
6
3
6
6
6
6
3
2
4
2
2
2
6
4
6
3
3
3

24
25
26

Li xe vn chuyn trong nh my
Li xe vn chuyn ngoi nh my
Li xe cho lnh o v cng nhn
Tng cng

4
5
2
47

12
5
2
113

Tng cng nhn lc ca nh my: 40 + 113 = 153 ngi


S ngi ca mt ca ng nht s bng tng s ngi lao ng gin tip v s ngi
lao ng trc tip ca mt ca: 40 + 47 = 87 ngi.

Chng 7. TNH XY DNG


7.1. Kch thc cc cng trnh:
7.1.1. Phn xng nu:
Phn xng ny dng nhiu nhit v l ni t my lm sch, my nghin, gu
ti nn thi nhiu bi. Do , cn xy dng nh nhiu tng tn dng s chiu sng
v thng gi. Phn xng nu l nh 3 tng:
+ Tng 1: 3 bc ct 6 m, 2 nhp 6m, kch thc (18 12 4,2) m.
+ Tng 2: 3 bc ct 6 m, 2 nhp 6m, kch thc (18 12 4,2) m.
+ Tng 2: 2 bc ct 6 m, 2 nhp 6m, kch thc (12 12 4,8) m.
7.1.2. Phn xng ln men:
Phn xng c xy dng gn phn xng nu tit kim ng ng v
gim hao ht dch ln men. Phn xng ln men l nh 2 tng v gm nhng phng
lnh ln, c t tng cch nhit trnh tn tht lnh.
- Khu ln men ph: tng 1: 8 bc ct 6m, 3 nhp 12m; kch thc (48 36
7,2) m
- Khu ln men chnh: tng 2: 5 bc ct 6m, 2 nhp 12m; kch thc (30 24
6) m.
7.1.3. Phn xng chit rt:
c xy dng gn phn xng ln men, kho thnh phm, kho cha kt v
chai.

Phn xng chit rt xy dng 1 tng: 4 bc ct 6 m, 1 nhp 15 m.


Kch thc: (24 15 6) m.
7.1.4 Kho nguyn liu:
y l ni d tr nguyn liu malt v ng cung cp cho phn xng nu.
Kho c ngn i, mt bn cha malt v mt bn cha ng.
Lng malt nguyn liu cha trong kho sn xut trong 30 ngy. Lng
ng cha sn xut trong 10 ngy.
Nguyn liu c cho vo bao, khi lng mi bao l 50 Kg.
Kch thc bao: (1 0,4 0,3) m
Trong kho cc bao nguyn liu c xp chng ln nhau to thnh khi c
khong trng thng gi v d kim tra, mi chng 10 bao. Vy chiu cao ca mi
chng bao l: 10 0,3 = 3 m
Theo bng (4.3) lng nguyn liu cn sn xut trong mt ngy:
- Khi lng malt: mmalt= 16.553,16 Kg
- Khi lng ng: mng= 1.839,24 Kg
Lng nguyn liu cn cha trong kho:
mmalt = 16.553,16 30 = 496.594,8 Kg
mng = 1.839,24 10 = 18.392,4 Kg
S bao nguyn liu c trong kho:
N=

496.594,8 + 18.392,4
= 10.299,74 10.300 (bao)
50

Din tch phn kho cha nguyn liu: F1 =

Nf
(m2)
nb

Trong : N: tng s bao nguyn liu, N = 10.300 bao


f: din tch chim ch mi bao, f = 0,4 m2
nb: s bao trong mt chng, nb = 10
: h s khong cch gia cc chng bao, =1,1
F1 =

1,1 10.300 0,4


= 453,2(m 2 )
10

Din tch phn ng i li chim 20% din tch cha nguyn liu:

F2 = 453,2 0,2 = 90,64 (m2)


Din tch kho: F = 453,2 + 90,64 = 543,84 (m2)
Kch thc kho: (36 16 4,8) m
7.1.5 Kho thnh phm:
Kho c xy dng cha bia thnh phm trong 07 ngy.
Theo bng (4.3), lng bia thnh phm sn xut ra trong mt ngy l 71.428,72
lt.
Do s chai thnh phm sn xut ra trong mt ngy l:

71.428,72
216.451 (chai)
0,33

Chai c cha trong kt nha, mi kt 20 chai. Kch thc kt: (35 35 25) cm
Cc kt c xp chng ln nhau, mi chng 10 kt, chiu cao ca 1 chng kt bia l:
0,25 10 = 2,5 (m)
Din tch phn kho cha kt bia: F1 =

n Nf
, m2
nC n K

Trong : n : s ngy d tr, n = 7


N : S chai thnh phm trong ngy, N = 216.451
f : Din tch mi chng kt, f = 0,35 0,35 = 0,12 (m2)
nc : S chai trong mt kt, nC = 20
nK : S kt trong 1 chng, nK = 10
: H s khong cch gia cc chng kt, = 1,1
F1 =

1,1 7 216.451 0,12


= 1.000,00(m2)
20 10

Din tch kho cha: F = 1,2 F1 = 1,2 1.000,00 = 1.200,00 ( m2)


Kch thc kho: (42 30 4,8) m.
7.1.6. Kho cha kt v chai:
Lng chai v kt trong kho phi cha bia sn xut ra trong 7 ngy.
Tng t kho thnh phm ta tnh c kch thc kho l: F = (42 30 4,8) m.
7.1.7. Phn xng l hi:
Phn xng c kch thc: F = (12 12 5,4) m
7.1.8. Phn xng c, in:

Xy dng nh mt tng, kch thc: (18 12 5,4) m


7.1.9. Nh hnh chnh:
Bao gm cc phng sau:
- Phng gim c

6 4 = 24 m2

- Phng ph gim c

2 (4 3) = 24 m2

- Phng k ton, ti v

4 4 = 16 m2

- Phng t chc hnh chnh

4 4 = 16 m2

- Phng k thut

6 4 = 24 m2

- Phng KCS

6 4 = 24 m2

- Phng maketing

4 4 = 16 m2

- Phng i sng

4 4 = 16 m2

- Phng k hoch

4 4 = 16 m2

- Phng y t

3 3 = 9 m2

- Hi trng
Tng din tch cc phng

25 6 = 150 m2

335 m2

Xy dng nh hai tng, kch thc: tng 1: (30 6 4,2) m.


tng 2: (30 6 4,2) m.
7.1.10. Khu x l nc:
Xy dng nh c kch thc: (12 6 5,4) m.
7.1.11. i nc:
i nc l ni cha nc x l cung cp cho ton nh my.
Kch thc: + Chiu cao t i nc: 17 m
+ ng knh i nc: 3 m
+ Chiu cao i nc:

6m

7.1.12. Trm bin p:


Trm bin p h th in cao p xung li in nh my s dng. Trm
bin p t gc nh my, ni t ngi qua li. Kch thc: (4 x 4 x 4) m.
7.1.13. Nh t my pht in d phng:
Kch thc: (6 x 6 x 5,4) m.

7.1.14. Nh n - cn tin:
Tnh cho 2/3 nhn vin ca ng nht.
S nhn vin ca ca ng nht l 87 ngi.
Do : 87 2/3 = 58 (ngi)
Din tch cho mi ngi

: 2,25 m2

Din tch nh n

: 58 2,25 = 130,5 m2

Kch thc

: (24 6 5,4) m

7.1.15. Nh sinh hot v sinh:


Tnh cho 60% nhn vin ca ng nht: 0,6 87 53 (ngi).
- S phng tm: trung bnh 10 ngi/ phng. Vy cn xy 6 phng.
Kch thc mi phng: (0,9 0,9 3,6) m.
- S phng v sinh: chn 3 phng
Kch thc mi phng: (0,9 1,2 3,6) m.
- Phng thay qun o: chn 2 phng
Kch thc mi phng: (4 2 3,6) m
Vy kch thc nh sinh hot v sinh l: (9 9 3,6) m
7.1.16. Gara t:
y l ni xe ca nh my v cng l trm bo qun v sa cha xe. S xe
ca nh my bao gm:
- 01 xe lnh o nh my
- 04 xe nng
- 05 xe ch hng
Tnh din tch 6 m2 cho mt xe v 10 m2 lm phng np in acqui.
Kch thc gara: (15 6 3,6) m.
7.1.17. Nh xe p, xe my:
Kch thc: (15 4 3,6) m.
7.1.18. Phng thng trc v bo v:
Phng ny c xy gn cng chnh ca nh my. Kch thc: (4 3 3,6) m.
7.1.19. Kho nhin liu:

Dng cha xng, nht cho xe v cc thit b my mc. Kch thc: (12 6 5,4) m.
7.1.20. Khu x l nc thi:
Kch thc: (18 6 5,4) m.

T cc s liu trn ta lp c bng sau:


Bng 7.1: Bng tng kt cc cng trnh
STT
1
2

Tn cng trnh
Phn xng nu
Phn xng ln men

Kch thc (m) Din tch (m2)


18 12 13,2
216
48 36 13,2
1.728

Phn xng chit rt

24 15 6

360

Kho nguyn liu

36 16 4,8

576

5
6
7

Kho thnh phm


Kho cha kt v chai
Phn xng l hi

42 30 4,8
42 30 4,8
12 12 5,4

1.260
1.260
144

Phn xng c, in

18 12 5,4

216

Nh hnh chnh

30 6 8,4

180

10

Khu x l nc

12 6 5,4

72

11

i nc

D = 3, L = 6

7,065

12

Trm bin p

4 4 4

16

13

Nh t my pht in

6 6 5,4

36

14
15

Nh n - Cn tin
Nh sinh hot v sinh

24 6 5,4
9 9 3,6

144
81

16

Gara t

15 6 3,6

90

17
18
19
20

Nh xe p, xe my
Phng thng trc, bo v
Kho nhin liu
Khu x l nc thi

15 4 3,6
4 3 3,6
12 6 5,4
18 6 5,4

60
12
72
108

Tng cng

6.638,065

7.2. Tnh khu t xy dng nh my:


7.2.1. Din tch khu t:
F =

Ta c:
Trong :

FXD
, m2
K XD

[14, tr 49]

F : Din tch khu t nh my.


FXD: Tng din tch xy dng cc cng trnh.
KXD: H s xy dng.

i vi nh my thc phm thng KXD= 33 50% Chn KXD = 35 %


Do :

F=

6.638,065
= 18.965,90 (m2)
0,35

7.2.2. Tnh h s s dng:


Ta c:

K sd =

Fsd
F

[14, tr 50]

Trong : Ksd: h s s dng, nh gi ch tiu kinh t v k thut tng mt


bng nh my.
Fsd: Din tch s dng khu t: Fsd = Fcx + Fgt + Fxd (m2)
Vi: Fcx: Din tch trng cy xanh (bng 25% tng din tch cc cng trnh)
Fcx = 0,25 6.638,065 = 1.659,52 (m2)
Fgt: Din tch ng giao thng (bng 50% tng din tch cc cng trnh)
Fgt = 0,5 6.638,065 = 3.319,03 (m2)
Vy: Ksd =

1.659,52 + 3.319,03 + 6.638,065


= 0,61
18.965,90

Chng 8. TNH IN - HI - NC
8.1. Tnh in:
Trong nh my in c s dng di 2 dng: in chiu sng v in ng
lc.
8.1.1. Tnh ph ti chiu sng:
chiu sng nh my s dng 3 loi n:
- n hunh quang bng bu dc, nh sng trng, cng sut 100W chiu
sng cc khu vc nh my.
- n tup hunh quang, nh sng trng, cng sut 40W.
- n trn dy tc, nh sng vng, cng sut 100 300W.
C s ca phng php tnh ton l da vo cng sut chiu sng ring ca mi
phng. T chiu sng ti thiu cho mi phng Emin l bit c 1m2 nh cn cng
sut chiu sng ring l Pt/c (W/m2).
Nh vy ton b din tch nh S cn cng sut l P = Pt/c S (W), [11, tr 34]
Nu chn loi n c cng sut Pd th s n c tnh: n =

p
pd

T ta tnh c cng sut tiu th thc t: Ptt = n Pd (W), [11, tr 24]


V d: Tnh cho phn xng chit rt:
Din tch: S = 24 15 = 360 (m2)
Tiu chun quy nh chiu sng: Emin = 75 (lux) v Pt/c = 4,5 (W/m2) [11, tr 79]
Cng sut cn chiu sng: P = Pt/c S = 4,5 360 = 1.620 (W)
S dng n hunh quang bng bu dc, nh sng trng, cng sut P = 100W
Vy, S bng n: n =

p 1.620
=
= 16,2 Chn n = 17 bng.
pd
100

Do , cng sut tiu th cho chiu sng ca phn xng chit rt l:

P1 = 17 100 = 1.700 (W)


Cc cng trnh khc tnh ton tng t, ta c bng tng kt sau:
Bng 8.1: Bng tng kt cng sut chiu sng cc cng trnh:
Tn cng trnh

STT

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

Din

Emin

tch (m2) (lux)

Phn xng nu
Phn xng ln men
Phn xng chit rt
Kho nguyn liu
Kho thnh phm
Kho cha kt v chai
Phn xng l hi
Phn xng c in
Nh hnh chnh
Nh x l nc
i nc
Trm bin p
Nh t my pht in
Nh n cn tin
Nh sinh hot v sinh
Gara t
Nh xe p, xe my
Phng thng trc bo v
Kho nhin liu
Khu x k nc thi
Chiu sng hnh lang, n

576
2.448
360
576
1.260
1.260
144
216
180
72
7,065
16
36
144
81
90
60
12
72
108
4.978,55

75
75
75
30
30
20
30
30
20
20
10
30
20
10
20
20
20
20
20
10
10

Pt/c

Pd

(W/m)

(W)

5,8
4,5
4,5
10
10
8
10
10
8
8
7,5
8
8
10
8
8
13,5
16
8
8
8

100
100
100
200
200
200
100
200
40
200
200
100
200
40
100
200
100
40
100
100
200

Cng

bng

sut tiu

(ci)

th (W)

34
111
17
29
63
51
15
11
36
3
1
2
2
36
7
4
9
5
6
9
200

3.400
11.100
1.700
5.800
12.600
10.200
1.500
2.200
1.440
600
200
200
400
1.440
700
800
900
200
600
900
40.000

ng
Tng cng sut

96.880

8.1.2. Tnh ph ti ng lc:


Bng 8.2: Bng tng kt in ng lc

STT

Tn thit b

1 My lm sch nguyn liu

Cng sut

Tng cng

ng c, kW lng sut, kW
4,6

4,6

2 My nghin malt

10

10

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

1
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3

7
0,302
3
10
4
34
2,2
4
4
8
5,1
1,7
4,5
3
20
3,5
0,8
1,2
22
2,2
210
100
6,6
50
521,70

My nghin ng
Gu ti vn chuyn nguyn liu
Ni nu ng
Ni nu malt
Ni houblon ho
Thit b lc thng
Bm i hi cho -10
Bm i lc -20
Bm i houblon -20
Bm lng trong -40
Bm lm lnh O-5
Bm nm men O-5
Thit b lc bia
Bng ti vn chuyn chai, kt
My ra chai
My ra kt
My chit rt
My ng np
My thanh trng
My dn nhn
H thng lnh
H thng thu hi CO2
Bm v sinh -10
Cc ng c khc
Tng cng

3
10
4
17
2,2
4
4
8
1,7
1,7
4,5
3
20
3,5
0,8
1,2
22
2,2
210
100
2,2

8.1.3. Xc nh ph ti tiu th thc t:


8.1.3.1. Ph ti chiu sng:
Ph ti chiu sng c xc nh theo cng thc:
Pcs = K1 P

[11, tr 36]

Trong : K1: H s s dng ph ti chiu sng, K1 = 0,9


P: Tng cng sut chiu sng, P = 96,88 (kW)
Vy: Pcs = 0,9 96,88 = 87,19 (kW)
8.1.3.2. Ph ti ng lc:
Pl = K2 P

[11, tr 35]

Trong :

K2: H s s dng ph ti ng lc, K2 = 0,5


P : Tng cng sut ng lc, P = 521,70 (kW)

Vy Pl = 0,5 521,70 = 260,85 (KW)


8.1.4. Tnh in nng tiu th hng nm:
8.1.4.1. in chiu sng:
Acs = Pcs Tcs

[11, tr 34]

Trong :Pcs: Cng sut chiu sng thc t. Pcs = 87,19 (kW)
Tcs: Thi gian chiu sng thc t. Tcs = K1 K2
Vi: K1: Thi gian thp sng trong ngy tnh trung bnh cho nh my l 10gi,
K1 = 10 (gi)
K2: S ngy lm vic trong nm, K2 = 280 ngy
Vy in nng tiu th cho vic chiu sng trong c nm l:
Acs = 10 280 87,19 = 244.132,0 (kWh)
8.1.4.2. in ng lc:
Thi gian lm vic trong ngy tnh trung bnh cho ton nh my l 22 gi.
S ngy lm vic trong nm l 280 ngy.
Al = 260,85 22 280 = 1.606.836,0 (kwh)
8.1.4.3. in nng tiu th hng nm ca nh my:
A = Acs + Al = 244.132,0 + 1.606.836,0 = 1.850.968,0 (kWh)
8.1.4.4. in nng tiu th thc t ca nh my:
Att = A x Kba
Vi: Kba l h s hao ph ca my bin p, Kba = 1,02
Vy: Att = 1.850.968,0 1,02 = 1.887.987,36 (kWh)
8.1.5. Chn my bin p:
Cng sut bin p theo d kin: S =

P
cos

Vi: P = Pcs + Pl = 87,19 + 260,85 = 348,04 (kw)

[11, tr 37]

Chn cos = 0,9 S =

348,04
= 386,71 (kVA)
0,9

Chn my bin p nhn hiu TC3 - 630/10 c cc c tnh sau:


+ Cng sut nh mc

: 500 KVA.

+ in p cun dy

: Cao p: 6 kV

[10, tr 94]

H p: 0,69 kV
+ Kch thc

: (1580 x 1100 x 1920) mm

+ Khi lng

: 820 kg

+ S lng

: 1 my

8.1.6. Chn my pht in d phng:


phng in li b mt t ngt, nh my cn trang b thm mt my
pht in d phng vi cng sut 500 KVA chy bng du DO.

8.2. Tnh hi:


8.2.1.Tnh nhit cho ni ng:
8.2.1.1. Lng nhit cn un nng khi dch ng t 320C n nhit si:
Q1 = G1 C1 (t2 - t1)

[4, tr 304]

Trong : G1 l khi lng mt m nu. Theo mc (5.2.1.1) ta tnh c:


G1 = 210,29 + 20,13 + 765 = 986,42 (kg)
C1: Nhit dung ring ca khi nu, C1 = 4186(1-x)
Vi : x l nng dung dch. x =

201,29 + 20,13
986,42

[3, tr 152]

= 0,22

C1 = 4186 (1- 0,22) = 3.265,08 (J/kg.) = 0,78 (kcal/kg. )

Ta c : t1 = 320C ; t2 = 1040C
Vy : Q1 = 986,42 0,78 (104 - 32) = 55.397,35 (kcal)
8.2.1.2. Lng nhit gi khi nu trong ni ng 660C trong 30 pht:
Lng nhit ny c tnh theo cng thc: Q2 = F T2 (tbm - tkk)

[4, tr 214]

Trong :

tkk: nhit khng kh mi trng xung quanh, tkk = 250C


tbm: nhit b mt thit b.

tbm =

66 + 25
= 45,5 0C
2

: h s cp nhit t thit b ra khng kh xung quanh.


= 9,3 + 0,058 tbm (W/m2 )

[4, tr 40]

= 9,3 + 0,058 45,5 = 11,94 (W/m2 )

T2: thi gian gi nhit, T2 = 30 60 = 1800 (s)


2

D
1,60
= 4 3,14
= 8,04 (m2)
2
2

F: b mt trao i nhit. F = 4
Vy

Q2 = 8,04 1800 11,94 (45,5 - 25) = 3.542.311,44 (J)

Q2 = 846,23 (kcal)

8.2.1.3. Lng nhit un si khi nu 30 pht:


Q3 = F T3 (tbm - tkk)

Ta c:
Trong :

T3 = 30 60 = 1800 (s) ; tbm =

104 + 25
= 64,5 (0C)
2

= 9,3 + 0,058 64,5 = 13,04 (W/m2.)

Q3 = 8,04 1800 13,04 (64,5- 25) = 7.454.237,76 (J)

Q3 = 1.780,75 (kcal)

8.2.1.4. Lng nhit un nng v thp bn trong ca ni:


Q4 = G4 C4 (t2 tkk)
Trong :

t2: nhit hi t p sut lm vic (3 at) =1330C.


G4: khi lng v thp bn trong ca ni, G4 = F , (kg)
F: din tch xung quanh, F = 8,04 (m2)
: b dy v thp, = 0,004 (m)
: khi lng ring ca v thp, = 7850 (kg/m3) [3, tr 8]

G4 = 8,04 0,004 7850 = 252,46 (kg)

C4: nhit dung ring ca thp nhit 1330C


C4 = 0,12 (kcal/kg )
Vy: Q4 = 252,46 0,12 (133 - 25) = 3.271,88 (kcal)

[3, tr 162]

8.2.1.5. Lng nhit un nng v thp bn ngoi ca v ni:


Q5 = G5 C5 (t2 tkk)

Ta c:
Trong :

G5: Khi lng v thp bn ngoi ca ni, G5 = F , (kg)


F: din tch xung quanh v ngoi
2

1,60

+ 0,05 = 9,07 (m2)


F = 4(R + d) = 4 3,14
2

d: khong cch gia hai lp v, d = 0,05 (m)


: chiu dy v thp, = 0,005 (m)
: khi lng ring ca thp, = 7850 (kg/m3)

G5 = 9,07 0,005 7850 = 356,0 (kg)

Vy Q5 = 356,0 0,12 (133 25) = 4.613,76 (kcal)


8.2.1.6. Lng nhit tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh:
Ta c:
Trong :

Q6 = F T6 (tbm - tkk)
tkk: nhit mi trng , tkk = 250C
tbm: nhit b mt thit b, tbm =

133 + 25
= 79 0C
2

: h s cp nhit t thit b ra mi trng khng kh xung quanh


= 9,3 + 0,058 79 = 13,88 (W/m2.)
T6: thi gian nu ng. Theo s nu th thi gian nu ni ng l
125 pht, T6 = 125 60 = 7500 (giy)
F: din tch b mt trao i nhit ca ni, F = 8,04 (m2)
Vy : Q6 = 8,04 7500 13,88 (79 - 25) = 45.196.056 (J) 10.796,95 (kcal)
8.2.1.7. Lng nhit cn bc hi nc:
Ta c:

Qbh = W r

Trong : r: n nhit ho hi ca nc

100 + 25
= 62,5 0C,
2

r = 561,1 (Kcal/kg)
W: lng m bc hi, W = k F (P - P' ) T

[3, tr 254]

Vi: k: h s bc hi, k = 0,036


2

D
0,25
F: din tch bc hi, F = th = 3,14
= 0,049 (m2)
2
2

P: p sut hi bo ho 62,50C, P = 174,08 (mmHg) [3, tr 311]


P': p sut hi bo ho ng vi nhit 250C, P' = 24,55(mmHg)
: m tng i ca khng kh , = 82%
T: Thi gian un si ni ng, T = 30 pht = 0,5 gi
W = 0,036 0,049 (174,08 - 24,55 0,82) 0,5 = 0,14 (kg)

Qbh = 0,14 561,1 = 78,55 (Kcal)

Vy:

Tng lng nhit dng cho ni nu ng l: QN =

Q
i =1

+ Qbh = 76.785,47 (Kcal)

8.2.1.8. Chi ph hi cho ni nu ng:


Lng hi cung cp cho ni ng c tnh: D =

QN
ih in

ih: hm nhit ca hi nc 1330C, ih = 652 (kcal/kg) [3, tr 313]

Vi:

in: hm nhit ca nc ngng 1330C, in =133,5 (kcal/kg)


D=

76.785,47
= 148,09 (kg)
652 133,5

Cng hi tiu tn: Dh =

D 148,09 60
=
= 71,08 (kg/h)
T
125

Vi T l thi gian nu mt ni ng, theo s nu (trang 13): T = 125 pht.


8.2.2. Tnh nhit cho ni nu malt:
8.2.2.1. Lng nhit un nng khi nu t 320C n 520C:
Ta c:

Q1 = G1 C1 (t2 - t1)

Trong :

t1 = 320C v t2 = 520C
G1: khi lng nguyn liu trong ni malt

Theo mc (5.2.1.2) ta c: G1= mM + mn =1.791,72 + 5.375,16 = 7.166,88 (kg)


Vi mM l khi lng malt v mn l khi lng nc
C1 = 4.186 (1 - x) (J/kg.)

Vi x: nng cht ho tan, x =

1.791,72
= 0,25
7.166,88

C1 = 4186 (1-0,25) = 3.139,5 (J/kg.) = 0,75 (Kcal/kg.)

Vy: Q1 = 7.166,88 0,75 (52 - 32) = 107.503,2 (Kcal)


8.2.2.2. Lng nhit gi khi nu 520C trong 30 pht:
Ta c:

Q2 = F T2 ( tbm - tkk )

Trong : tkk : nhit mi trng , tkk = 250C


tbm : nhit b mt thit b, tbm =

52 + 25
= 38,50C
2

= 9,3 + 0,058 38,5 = 11,53 (W/m2.)


T2 = 30 60 = 1.800 (giy)
2

2,97
F = 4 R2 = 4 3,14
= 27,70 (m2)
2

Vy: Q2 = 27,70 1.800 11,53 (38,5 - 25) = 7.760.958,3 (J) = 1.854,03 (Kcal)
8.2.2.3. Lng nhit gi khi nu 630C trong 30 pht:
Ta c:

Q3 = F T3 ( tbm - tkk )

Trong : tkk = 250C ; tbm =

63 + 25
= 440C
2

= 9,3 + 0,058 44 = 11,85 (W/m2.)


T3 = 30 x 60 = 1.800 (giy)
F = 27,70 (m2)
Vy : Q3 = 27,70 1.800 11,85 (44 - 25) = 11.225.979 (J) = 2.681,79 (Kcal)
8.2.2.4. Lng nhit un khi nu t 630C ln 780C:
Ta c:

Q4 = G4 C4 (t2 - t1)

Trong : t1 = 630C v t2 = 780C


G4 : khi lng nguyn liu trong ni malt
G4 = 986,42 + 7.166,88 = 8.153,3 (kg)
C4 = 4.190 - (2.514 - 7,542 t ) X , J/kg.
Vi : t =

t1 + t 2 63 + 78
=
= 70,5 0 C
2
2

[3, tr 153]

X: Nng dung dch, phn khi lng


X=

m M + m N 1.791,72 + 201,29
=
= 0,24
G4
8.153,3

C4 = 4.190 - (2.514 - 7,542 70,5) 0,24 = 3.714,25 (J/kg.)

= 0,89 (Kcal/kg.)
Vy: Q4 = 8.153,3 0,89 (78 - 63) = 108.846,55 (Kcal)
8.2.2.5. Lng nhit gi khi nu 730C trong 30 pht:
Q5 = F T5 ( tbm - tkk )

Ta c:

Trong : tkk = 250C v tbm =

73 + 25
= 490C
2

= 9,3 + 0,058 49 = 12,14 (W/m2.)


T5 = 30 60 = 1.800 (giy)
F = 27,70 (m2)
Vy: Q5 = 27,70 1.800 12,14 (49 - 25) = 14.527.209,6 (J) = 3.470,43 (Kcal)
8.2.2.6. Lng nhit un nng v thp bn trong ca ni:
Ta c :

Q6 = G6 C6 (t2 tkk)

Trong : t2 =1330C
G6: khi lng v thp bn trong ca ni; G6 = F , (kg)
Vi F = 27,70 (m2)
= 0,004 (m)
= 7850 (kg/m3)

[3, tr 8]

G6 = 27,70 0,004 7850 = 869,78 (kg)

C6 = 0,12 (kcal/kg.)

[3, tr 162]

Vy: Q6 = 869,78 0,12 (133 - 25) = 11.272,35 (kcal)


8.2.2.7. Lng nhit un nng v thp bn ngoi ca v ni:
Ta c:

Q7 = G7 C7 (t2 tkk)

Trong : G7 : khi lng v thp bn ngoi, G7 = FN N


2

2,97

+ 0,05 = 29,59 (m2)


FN = 4(R + d) = 4 3,14
2

G7 = 29,59 0,004 7850 = 929,13 (kg)

Vy: Q7 = 929,13 0,12 (133 25) = 12.041,52 (kCal)


8.2.2.8. Lng nhit tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh:
Ta c:

Q8 = F T8 ( tbm - tkk )

Trong : tkk = 250C v tbm =

133 + 25
= 790C
2

= 9,3 + 0,058 79 = 13,88 (W/m2.)


T8: thi gian nu malt. Theo s nu th thi gian nu ni malt l
155 pht; T8 = 155 60 = 9.300 (giy)
F: din tch b mt trao i nhit ca ni, F = 27,70 (m2)
Vy: Q8 = 27,70 9.300 13,88 (79 - 25) = 193.083.847,2 (J)
= 46.126,10 (Kcal)
8

Tng nhit dng cho ni malt: QM =

Q
i =1

= 293.795,97 (kcal)

8.2.2.9. Chi ph hi cho ni nu malt:


Lng hi cung cp cho ni malt c tnh: D =
Cng hi tiu tn: Dh =

QM
293.795,97
=
= 566,63 (kg)
ih in
652 133,5

D 566,63 60
=
= 219,34 (kg/h)
T
155

Vi T l thi gian nu mt ni malt, theo s nu th T = 155 pht.


8.2.3. Tnh hi cho ni houblon ha:
Trong qu trnh lc b nguyn liu, nhit ca khi dch ng c gim
xung, chn nhit gim xung l 50C.
8.2.3.1. Lng nhit nng khi nhit t 730C n 1000C:
Q1 = G1 C1 (t2 t1)
Vi: G1 l khi lng dch c trong ni houblon ho. n gin ta ly gn ng
bng lng dch c trong ni malt, G1 = 8.153,3 (Kg)
Ta c: t1 = 730C, t2 = 1000C t tb =

t1 + t 2 100 + 73
=
= 86,5 0 C
2
2

C1 = 4.190 (2.514 7,542 ttb) X

Vi X l nng dch ng trong ni houblon ho, ly trung bnh l 0,12


C1 = 4.190 (2.514 7,542 86,5) 0,12 = 3966,61(J/kg.)=0,95(kcal/kg.)

Vy: Q1 = 8.153,3 0,95 (100-73) = 209.132,15 (kcal)


8.2.3.2. Lng nhit gi khi dch 750C trong sut qu trnh lc:
Q2 = F T2 (t - tkk)

Ta c:
Vi:

T2 l thi gian lc, T2 = 4 (gi) = 4 60 60 = 14.400 (giy)


2

3,04
F = 4 R = 4 3,14
= 29,02 (m2)
2

tkk = 250C, t =

75 + 25
= 50 0C.
2

= 9,3 + 0,058 50 = 12,2 (W/m2.)


Vy: Q2 = 29,02 14.400 12,2 (50 - 25) = 127.455.840 (J)
= 30.448,12 (kcal)
8.2.3.3. Lng nhit gi khi nu 1000C trong 120 pht:
Q3 = F T3 (t - tkk)

Ta c:
Vi :

t=

100 + 25
= 62,50 C , tkk = 250C.
2

= 9,3 + 0,058 62,5 = 12,93 (W/m2 )


F = 29,02 (m2)
T3 = 120 60 = 7.200 (giy)
Vy: Q3 = 29,02 7.200 12,93 (62,5 - 25) = 101.311.722 (J)
= 24.202,51 (kcal)
8.2.3.4. Lng nhit un nng v thp bn trong ca ni:
Ta c:

Q4 = G4 C4 (t2 - t1)
G4 = F = 29,02 0,004 7850 = 911,23 (kg)
C4 = 0,12 (kcal/kg.)

Vy Q4 = 911,23 0,12 (133 - 25) = 11.809,54 (Kcal)


8.2.3.5. Lng nhit un nng v thp bn ngoi:
Ta c:

Q5 = G5 C5 (t2 tkk)

Vi: G5 = FN
2

3,04

+ 0,05 = 30,96 (m2)


FN = 4(R + d) = 4 3,14
2

G5 = 30,96 0,004 7.850 = 972,14 (kg)

Vy Q5 = 972,14 0,12 (133 25) = 12.598,93 (kcal)


8.2.3.6. Lng nhit tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh:
Ta c :

Q6 = F T6 ( tbm - tkk )

Trong : tkk: nhit mi trng, tkk = 250C


tbm: nhit b mt thit b, tbm =

133 + 25
= 790C
2

: h s cp nhit t thit b ra mi trng khng kh xung quanh


= 9,3 + 0,058 79 = 13,88 (W/m2.)
T6: thi gian houblon ho, T6 = 6 60 60 = 21.600 (giy)
F = 29,02 (m2)
Vy Q6 = 29,02 21.600 13,88 (79 - 25) = 469.823.120,6 (J)
= 112.236,77 (Kcal)
8.2.3.7. Lng nhit cn bc hi nc:
Ta c:

Qbh = rhh W
rhh : nhit ho hi ca nc 1000C, rhh = 540 (Kcal/kg)
W: lng nc bc hi.
Ta c: W = K F (p - p) T
Vi: K: h s bc hi, K = 0,036
F: din tch bc hi
2

D
0,47
2
F = = 3,14
= 0,173(m )
2
2

p: p sut hi bo ho 62,50C, p = 174,08 mmHg


m tng i ca khng kh = 80%
p: p sut hi bo ho 250C, p= 24,55 mmHg
T: thi gian un si, T = 2 gi

[3, tr 254]

W = 0,036 0,173 (174,08 0,82 24,55) 2 = 1,92 (Kg)

Vy Qbh = 540 1,92 = 1.036,8 (Kcal)


6

Tng lng nhit dng cho ni houblon l: Qh = Qi + Qbh = 401.464,82 (Kcal)


i =1

8.2.3.8. Tnh chi ph hi:


Di =

Qh
401.464,82
=
= 774,28 (kg)
i h i n 652 133,5

Cng tiu tn hi: Dh =

774,28
= 129,05 (kg /h)
6

8.2.4. Tnh nhit cho ni nu nc:


8.2.4.1. Tnh lng nhit un nc:
QN = G C (t2 - t1), (kcal)

Ta c:

Trong : G: lng nc nu mt m.
Theo mc (5.2.3), V = 8,20 (m3) G = 8.200 (kg)
C: nhit dung ring ca nc, C = 1 (Kcal/kg.)
t1: nhit ban u ca nc, t1 = 250C
t2 : Nhit cn un ca nc. V nc nu c nhit 320C, nc ra
b 780C v lng nc nu gp 3 nc ra b nn chn t2 = 450C.
Vy:

QN = 8.200 1 (45 - 25) = 164.000 (Kcal)

8.2.4.2. Tnh chi ph hi:


Di =

QN
164.000
=
= 316,30 (kg)
i i kk 652 - 133,5

Thi gian un nc nng cho mt m nu l 2h, T = 2h


Cng tiu tn hi: Dh =

Di 316,30
=
= 158,15 (kg/h)
T
2

8.2.5. Lng hi dng cho phn xng nu:


Lng hi dng cho phn xng nu trong mt ngy :
Dm= 148,09 + 566,63 + 774,28 + 316,30 = 1.805,3 (kg)
Lng hi dng cho phn xng nu trong mt ngy:

DN = 9 Dm = 9 1.805,3 = 16.247,7 (kg)


8.2.6. Lng hi dng cho phn xng chit rt:
Hi dng cho my ra chai : 600 (kg/h)
Hi dng cho my thanh trng : 1.200 (kg/h)
Tng lng hi cn cung cp cho phn xng chit rt trong mt ngy l:
Dc = 16 (600 + 1.200) = 28.800 (kg)
8.2.7. Lng hi cn cung cp cho nh my sn xut trong mt ngy:
Dsx = DN + Dc = 16.247,7 + 28.800 = 45.047,7 (kg)
8.2.8. Lng hi dng v sinh, st trng thit b v cc mc ch khc:
Lng hi ny ly bng 8% tng lng hi cung cp cho sn xut.
Dk = 45.047,7 0,08 = 3.603,82 (kg)
Cng tiu tn hi : Dh =

Dk 3.603,82
=
= 150,16 (kg/h)
24
24

8.2.9. Tnh v chn l hi:


Theo tnh ton trn ta c tng lng hi tiu th trong mt gi:
D = 71,08 + 219,34 + 129,05 + 158,15 + 600 + 1.200 + 150,16 = 2.527,78 (kg/h)
Lng hi dng thc t: Dtt = D/
Vi l h s tn tht nhit , mt mt do bo n, ng ng, cc thit b ph ti,
tn tht do tr lc trn ng ng v hiu sut l. Chn = 0,75.
Vy :

Dtt =

2.527,78
= 3.370,37 (kg/h)
0,75

Chn l hi kiu B8/40 ca Lin X vi cc thng s k thut sau:


- Sn lng hi

: 4.000 4.500 kg/h

- p sut hi cc i

: 10 kg/cm2

- Th tch l hi

: 20 m3

- Lng nc dng cho l

: 5,8 m3

- Kch thc ngoi

: (4.300 3.570 3.950) mm

S lng : 1 l
8.2.10. Tnh nhin liu:

[10, tr 107]

8.2.10.1. Du F.O:
Du F.O l nhin liu chnh s dng cho l hi.
D=
Trong :

G (i h in )
(kg/h)
Q

[10, tr 31]

Q: nhit lng ca du, Q = 6.728,2 (Kcal/kg)


G: nng sut hi, G = 1.290,18 (kg/h)
: hiu sut l hi, = 70%
ih: nhit hm ca hi p sut lm vic (3 at), ih = 658,3 (Kcal/kg)
in: nhit hm ca nc p sut lm vic (3 at), in = 153,5 (Kcal/kg)

Vy D =

1290,18 (658,3 153,5)


= 138,28
6728,2 0,7

(kg/h)

Lng du F.O nh my s dng trong mt nm:


mF.O = 138,28 24 280 = 929.241,6 (kg)
8.2.10.2. Xng:
S dng cho cc xe ca nh my, lng xng s dng trong ngy 150 lt/ngy.
Lng xng nh my s dng trong mt nm: 150 280 = 42.000 (lt)
8.2.10.3. Du D.O:
Dng chy my pht in. Mt nm dng 2.000 kg
8.2.10.4. Du nhn:
Dng bi trn cc my mc, thit b, s dng 7 kg/ngy.
Lng du nhn cn cho mt nm: 7 280 = 1.960 ( kg)
8.3. Tnh nc:
8.3.1. Nc dng cho phn xng nu:
- Nc dng nu v ra b trong 1 m: theo mc (5.2.3) th V1 = 8,20 (m3)
- Nc dng v sinh thit b nu: V2 = 15% V1 = 0,15 8,20 = 1,23 (m3)
Vy lng nc dng cho phn xng nu trong mt ngy:
Vn = 9 (V1 + V2) = 9 (8,20 + 1,23) = 84,87 (m3/ngy)
8.3.2. Nc dng cho l hi:
Lng nc dng cho l hi trong 1 gi l 5,8 m3

Lng nc dng cho mt ngy l: V = 5,8 24 = 139,2 (m3/ngy).


8.3.3. Nc dng cho phn xng ln men:
Ch yu l v sinh thit b ln men. Lng nc dng cho mt ngy l:
Vlm = 32 (m3/ngy).
8.3.4. Nc dng cho my ra chai:
Theo c tnh k thut ca my th lng nc cn dng ra l 1lit/chai.
Vy lng nc cn dng cho mt ngy l:
1 216.451 = 216.451 (lt/ngy) = 216,45 (m3/ngy)
8.3.5 Nc dng cho my ra kt:
Lng nc cn dng ra kt l 3 lt/kt.
Vy nc dng cho mt ngy l: 3 10.823 = 32.469 (lt/ngy) 32,47 (m3/ngy)
8.3.6. Nc dng cho thanh trng:
Lng nc cn tiu hao l 1,5 lt/chai.
Vy lng nc dng cho mt ngy l:
1,5 216.451 = 324.676,5 (lt/ngy) 324,68 (m3/ngy)
8.3.7. Nc dng cho h thng lnh:
Yu cu 1 lt nc/1 lt bia.
Theo bng (4.3), lng bia thnh phm trong 1 ngy l 71.428,72 lit.
Do , lng nc cn dng l: 71.428,72 (lt/ngy) 71,43 (m3/ngy)
8.3.8. Nc dng cho sinh hot:
8.3.8.1. Nc dng cho nh sinh hot v sinh:
Tiu chun 50 lt/1 ngy/1 ngi

[14, tr 40]

Vy lng nc cn dng: 50 153 = 7.650 (lit/ngy) = 7,65 (m3/ngy)


8.3.8.2. Nc ra xe:
Tiu chun 400 lt/ngy/xe
Vy tng lng nc dng ra xe trong mt ngy:
400 10 = 4.000 (lt/ngy) = 4 (m3/ngy)
8.3.8.3. Nc dng cho nh n:

[14, tr 40]

Tiu chun 30 lt/1 ngy/ 1 ngi

[14, tr 40]

Vy tng lng nc dng cho nh n trong mt ngy:


30 153 = 4.590 (lt/ngy) = 4,59 (m3/ngy)
8.3.8.4. Nc cu ho:
Lng nc cn dng 10 lt/giy trong 2 gi.
3600 2 10 = 72.000 (lit) = 72 (m3).
8.3.8.5. Nc ti cy xanh v dng cho cc mc ch khc:
Tng din tch cy xanh v ng: 4.978,55 (m2)
Tiu chun 4 lt/1 ngy/ 1 m2
Do , tng lng nc s dng trong mt ngy l:
4 4.978,55 = 19.914,2 (lt/ngy) 19,91 (m3/ngy)
Nh vy, tng lng nc cn dng trong mt ngy ca nh my khng tnh nc
cu ho l:
V = 84,87+139,2 + 32 + 216,45 + 32,47 + 324,68 + 71,43 + 7,65 + 4 + 4,35 +19,91
= 937,01 (m3/ngy)
Tng lng nc cn dng trong mt nm ca nh my l:
937,01 280 + 72= 262.434,8 (m3/nm)

Chng 9. TNH KINH T


9.1 Vn c nh:
9.1.1 Vn u t xy dng:
9.1.1.1 Vn u t xy dng nh sn xut chnh:
Bng 9.1: Chi ph xy dng cc cng trnh chnh:
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Tn cng trnh

Din tch
(m2)

Phn xng nu
216
Phn xng ln men
1.728
Phn xng chit rt
360
Nh hnh chnh
180
Phn xng c, in, lnh
216
Kho nguyn liu
576
Kho thnh phm
1.260
Kho cha kt v chai
1.260
Nh l hi
144
Nh x l nc
72
Kho nhin liu
72
Tng cng

n gi
(106/m2)

Thnh tin
(106 )

3
2
1
2,4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

648
3.456
360
432
216
576
1.260
1.260
144
72
72
X1 = 8.496

9.1.1.2. Vn u t cng trnh ph:


Ly bng 30% vn u t cng trnh chnh: X2 = 0,3 X1 = 2.548,8 106
9.1.1.3. Vn u t cho ng i - tng bo v:
Ly bng 5% vn u t cng trnh chnh: X3 = 0,05 X1 = 424,8 106
9.1.1.4. Chi ph thm d v thit k cng trnh:
Ly bng 3% gi thnh cng trnh chnh: X4 = 0,03 X1 = 254,88 106

9.1.1.5. Tng vn u t xy dng:

X = X i = 11.724,48 106
i =1

9.1.1.6. Tng khu hao cng trnh xy dng:


Chn t l khu hao l 5% Axd = 0,05 (X1 + X2 + X3) = 573,48 106
9.1.2. Vn u t thit b:
Bng 9.2: Chi ph u t thit b

Tn thit b

STT

n gi

S lng

(106)

(ci)

Tng
cng

1
2
3
4
5

Gu ti
My lm sch
Bunke cha malt
Bunke cha ng
My nghin malt

15
60
12
7
60

4
1
2
2
1

(106)
60
60
24
14
60

My nghin ng

40

40

Ni nu ng

50

50

8
9

Ni nu malt
Ni houblon ho

60
60

1
1

60
60

10 Ni nu nc nng

40

40

11 Thng lc

70

140

12 Thng lng Whirlpool

60

60

13 Thit b lm lnh

50

150

14 Thit b tch b hoa

15

15

15
16
17
18
19
20
21

7
5
5
40
40
8
10

1
1
1
41
106
3
3

7
5
5
1.640
4.240
24
30

Thng cha b nguyn liu


Thng cha b hoa
Thng trung gian
Thit b ln men chnh
Thit b ln men ph
Thng nhn ging cp 1
Thng nhn ging cp 2

22 My lc bia

70

70

23 Thng phi trn diatomit

24 Thit b tng tr

40

160

25 My ra chai

170

170

26 My ra kt

15

15

27 My chit rt

300

300

28 My ng np

150

150

29 My dn nhn

150

150

30 My thanh trng

200

200

31 H thng nn kh

500

500

32 H thng thu hi CO2

400

400

33 H thng lm lnh

350

350

34 H thng x l nc

300

300

35 L hi

400

400

36 Bm

11

99

37 H thng bng ti

80

80

38 Cn in t

15

15

39 My bin p
40 My pht d phng
41 Xe hng

100
120
170

1
1
5

100
120
850

42 Xe nng

100

400

43 Xe con

200

200
11.817

Tng cng
9.1.2.1. Tng vn u t mua thit b chnh:

T1 = 11.817 106

9.1.2.2. Vn u t mua thit b ph:


Ly bng 20% tng vn u t mua thit b chnh: T2 = 0,2 T1 = 2.363,4 106
9.1.2.3. Vn u t mua thit b kim tra cht lng v my mc phng th
nghim:
Ly bng 10% tng vn u t mua thit b chnh: T3 = 0,1 T1 = 1.181,7 106
9.1.2.4. Chi ph lp rp vn chuyn:

Ly bng 30% tng vn u t mua thit b chnh: T4 = 0,3 T1= 3.545,1 106
4

T = Ti = 18.907,2 106

9.1.2.5. Tng s vn u t thit b:

i =1

9.1.2.6. Khu hao thit b:


T l khu hao: a = 10% Atb = 0,1 T =1.890,72 106
9.1.3 Tng vn c nh :
Vc = X + T = 11.724,48 106 + 18.907,2 106 = 30.631,68 106
9.2 Vn lu ng :
9.2.1 Tnh chi ph trc tip :
9.2.1.1. Tnh tin lng cho cn b, cng nhn vin:
Tng s ngi lm trong nh my: 153 ngi
Ly lng trung bnh ca cn b cng nhn vin nh my l 1,7 triu ng.
Lng ca cn b cng nhn vin ton nh my trong mt nm:
L = 153 1.700.000 12 = 3.121,2 106 .
9.2.1.2. Tin bo him x hi:
c tnh bng 10% tng lng ca cn b cng nhn vin ton nh my
BH = 0,1 L = 0,1 3.121,2 106 = 312,12 106
9.2.1.3. Tnh tin u t nguyn liu v nhin liu:
Bng 9.3: Chi ph sn xut trc tip:
n gi
STT Nhin liu v nguyn liu

(103/kg;
3

1
2
3
4
5
6

Malt
Ng
Hoa nguyn cnh
Hoa vin
Chai
Kt nha
Np

(kg)
(kg)
(kg)
(kg)
(ci)
(ci)
(ci)

10 /ci)
8
2,5
120
90
1
10
0,08

S lng (kg/nm; Thnh tin


ci/nm)

103

4.634.884,8
514.987,2
25.984
16.086
10.064.956
396.104
61.818.181

37.079.078,4
1.287.468
3.118.080
1.447.740
10.064.956
3.961.040
4.945.454,48

7
8
9

Nhn
in
Nc

(ci)
(kw/h)
(m3)

10
11
12
13

Du DO
(kg)
Du FO
(kg)
Xng
(lt)
Du nhn
(kg)
Tng cng

0,08
1,3
2,5

61.818.181
1.893.556,56
262.250,8

8
7
11
13

2.000
929.241,6
42.000
1.960

4.945.454,48
2.461.623,53
655.627
16.000
6.504.691,2
462.000
25.480
76.974.693,09

C1 = 76.974.693,09 103 76.974,69 106


Tin mua nhng nguyn liu khc nh: axit, xt, nc Javel
Chn: C2 = 1% C1 = 769,75 106
Tng chi ph trc tip: C = C1 + C2 + L + BH = 81.177,76 106
9.2.2. Chi ph gin tip:
Chi ph s dng my mc:
Ly phn khu hao my mc: Mmm = Atb = 1.890,72 106
Chi ph xy dng:
Ly phn khu hao xy dng: Mxd = Axd = 573,48 106
Chi ph ngoi sn xut:
Ly bng 5% chi ph trc tip: Mnsx = 0,05 C = 4.058,89 106
Tin li vn vay ngn hng:
* Tr li vay vn lu ng:
Nh my vay vn ngn hng vi li xut 10% nm chi vo chi ph trc tip.
Vy 1 nm s tin li l: N1 = 0,1 C = 8.117,78 106
* Tr li vay c nh:
Nh my vay vn ngoi t bi li xut 10% nm chi ph vo u t my mc
thit b v xy dng. Vy 1 nm s tin tr li l:
N2 = 0,1(X + T) = 0,1 (11.724,48 106 + 18.907,2 106) = 3.063,17 106
* Tng chi ph tr li ngn hng: N = N1 + N2 = 11.180,95 106
* Tng chi ph gin tip trong 1 nm: M = Mmm + Mxd + Mnsx + N

M = (1.890,72 + 573,48 + 4.058,89 +11.180,95) 106 = 17.704,04 106


* Tng vn lu ng trong 1 nm:
F = C + M= (81.177,76 +17.704,04) 106 = 98.881,8 106
9.3. Tnh hiu qu kinh t:
9.3.1. Gi thnh sn phm:
Gi sn xut bnh qun 1 lt bia thnh phm: Gbq =

F
Q

Vi: Q: nng sut ca nh my, Q = 20 106 lt/nm


Gbq =

98.881,8
= 4.944,09 (ng/lt)
20

9.3.2. Li nhun hng nm ca nh my:


LN = Q (B - G) - T
Trong :

B: gi bn ca nh my
G: gi sn xut
Q: nng sut nh my
T: thu doanh thu hng nm ca nh my.

Hin nay i vi nh my ru bia th: T = 0,5 B Q


Vy:

LN = (0,5 B - Gbq) Q

D kin gi bn mt lt bia ca nh my l 11.000 ng/lt.


LN = ( 0,5 11.000 4.944,09 ) 20 106 = 11.118,2 106 ng /nm

9.3.3. Thi gian hon vn:


X + T 11.724,48 10 6 + 18.907,2 10 6
=
= 2,755 nm
Th =
LN
11.118,2 10 6

Vy thi gian hon vn l 2 nm 9 thng 2 ngy.

Chng 10. AN TON LAO NG V


V SINH X NGHIP
10.1. An ton lao ng:
Trong nh my, an ton lao ng l vn c t ln hng u. N nh hng
rt ln n qu trnh sn xut, sc kho v tnh mng ca cng nhn cng nh tnh
trng my mc, thit b. Do , cn phi ph bin rng ri cho cn b cng nhn vin
nh my hiu bit v vn dng mt cch c hiu qu.
10.1.1. Tai nn xy ra do cc nguyn nhn sau:

- T chc lao ng v s lin h gia cc b phn khng cht ch.


- Cc thit b bo h lao ng cn thiu hoc khng m bo an ton.
- thc chp hnh k lut ca cng nhn cha cao.
- Vn hnh thit b, my mc khng ng quy trnh k thut.
- Trnh lnh ngh v nm vng v mt k thut ca cng nhn cn yu.
- Cc thit b, my mc c trang b khng tt hoc cha hp l.
10.1.2. Nhng bin php hn ch tai nn lao ng:
- Ti cc phn xng phi c cc bin bo v quy trnh vn hnh tng loi thit
b.
- B tr lp t thit b ph hp vi qu trnh sn xut. Cc loi thit b c ng
c nh: gu ti, my nghinphi c che chn cn thn.
- Cc ng ng hi nhit phi c lp bo n, c p k.
- Phi kim tra li cc b phn ca my trc khi vn hnh xem c h hng
g khng, nu c phi sa cha kp thi.
- Cc thit b cha CO2 lng, kh nn phi t xa ni ng ngi, c p k,
rle nhy. Trc khi nn kh th cc thit b ny phi c kim tra k
- Kho xng, du, nguyn liu phi t xa ngun nhit. Trong kho phi c
bnh CO2 chng chy v vi nc cha la. Ngn chn ngi v phn s vo khu
vc sn xut v kho tng. Khng c ht thuc l trong kho.
- Ngi cng nhn vn hnh my phi thc hin ng chc nng ca mnh,
phi chu hon ton trch nhim nu my mc b h hng do quy trnh vn hnh ca
mnh.
- K lut ca nh my phi thc hin nghim x l kp thi nhng trng
hp v nguyn tc, lm u.
10.1.3. Nhng yu cu c th v an ton lao ng:
10.1.3.1. Chiu sng v m bo nh sng khi lm vic:
- Phi m bo sng ti thiu Emin trong nh sn xut. Nu chiu sng khng
tt s nh hng n sc kho ca cng nhn, khng m bo khi vn hnh my
mc.

- Ban ngy cn phi s dng ngun sng t nhin.


- Ban m s dng ngun nh nhn to phi ch tiu v ri.
10.1.3.2. Thng gi:
Nh sn xut v lm vic phi c thng gi tt. Phn xng nu v ln men
thi nhiu nhit c b tr nhiu ca s, nu cn thit phi lp thm qut thng gi.
10.1.3.3. An ton v in:
* V in chiu sng:
S bng n, v tr treo lp n, cng tc, cu dao phi ph hp vi thao tc.
Cc mch in phi kn, t ni kh ro. Thng xuyn kim tra sng ca bng
n.
* V thit b in:
- Phi c h thng bo ng khi thit b c s c.
- Thit b in phi c rle phng qu ti.
- Cc phn cch in ca thit b in phi m bo bn cht, khng b n mn.
- Thit b in phi c ni t khi lm vic.
- Khi sa cha thit b in phi cch ly in vi ngi sa cha v c bt th
in.
- Khi ct in phi c bin bo v mang dng c bo him in.
10.1.3.4. An ton s dng thit b:
- Thit b, my mc phi s dng ng chc nng, ng cng sut.
- Mi loi thit b phi c h s r rng. Sau mi ca lm vic phi c s bn
giao my mc, nu r tnh trng ca sau x l.
- Thng xuyn theo di ch lm vic ca my mc, thit b.
- C ch v sinh, st trng, v du m cho thit b.
10.1.3.5. Phng chng chy n:
- Nguyn nhn xy ra chy n l do tip xc vi la, do tc ng ca tia la
in, do cn nc trong l hi, cc ng hi b co gin, cong li gy n.
- phng chy n cn phi tun theo cc thao tc v thit b c hng
dn.

- Khng ht thuc ti kho nguyn liu, xng du, gara t


- Phi nc, thit b cha chy.
- Thng xuyn kim tra nh k cng tc phng chy ti nh my.
10.1.3.6. An ton vi ho cht:
Cc ho cht phi t ng ni quy nh. Khi s dng phi tun theo quy nh
ra trnh gy c hi, n mn v h hng thit b.
10.1.3.7. Chng st:
m bo an ton cho cc cng trnh trong nh my, phi c ct thu li cho
nhng cng trnh v tr cao.
10.2. V sinh cng nghip:
Trong nh my bia vn v sinh cng nghip c ngha ht sc quan trng.
Nu tiu chun v sinh trong nh my khng m bo s to iu kin thun li cho
vi sinh vt gy bnh pht trin, lm nh hng n cht lng sn phm v sc kho
ca ngi tiu dng v cng nhn.
10.2.1. V sinh c nhn ca cng nhn:
Vi nhng cng nhn trc tip sn xut th vn ny cn phi nghim ngt:
- Cng nhn phi n mc qun o sch s. Khi vo sn xut phi mc ng
phc ca nh my, i m, eo khu trang, i ng v mang gng tay.
- Khng c n ung trong khu vc sn xut.
- Thc hin tt ch khm sc kho cho cng nhn theo nh k 6 thng mt
ln. Khng ngi au m vo khu vc sn xut.
10.2.2. V sinh my mc, thit b:
- Theo nh k my mc thit b phi c v sinh sch s.
- i vi thng ln men sau khi gii phng ht lng dch ln men, cn phi v
sinh st trng k chun b ln men lng dch ln men tip theo.
10.2.3. V sinh x nghip:
- Trong phn xng sn xut, sau mi m, mi ca cn phi lm v sinh khu lm
vic.
- Thng xuyn kim tra vic thc hin v sinh trong v ngoi cc phn xng.

10.2.4. X l ph liu ca qu trnh sn xut:


Ph liu trong qu trnh sn xut nh b hm, b hoa, b men l nhng loi
ph liu d gy nhim bn. Sau mi m sn xut cn phi cha ng ni quy nh v
a ra ngoi phn xng x l. Nhng loi ph liu ny c th bn cho nh my
ch bin thc n gia sc v phn bn. Vic ny phi c hp ng cht ch v gii
quyt kp thi trnh ng ph liu, to iu kin cho vi sinh vt pht trin lm
nh hng n cht lng sn phm, sc kho con ngi v mi trng.
10.2.5. X l nc thi:
Nc thi c x l bng phng php kt hp hiu kh v k kh.
Nc thi t nh my c bm ln b cn bng to iu kin cho vi sinh vt
tip xc vi cc cht dinh dng. Sau bm ln b hiu kh, ti y c sc kh oxi,
to iu kin cho vi sinh vt phn gii cc cht hu c. Tip theo c bm qua b k
kh cc cht cn li c phn hu. Cui cng bm n b n nh cc ch tiu COD,
BOD.
10.2.6. X l nc dng sn xut:
Nc dng sn xut bia i hi tiu chun cht lng cao, do cn phi
c x l qua nhiu cng on khc nhau. Trc khi a vo sn xut, nc ln
lt qua cc b lc ct, lc than, lc tinh loi b hon ton tp cht.

Chng 11.

KIM TRA SN XUT V

NH GI CHT LNG SN PHM


Kim tra sn xut l vic ht sc quan trng c bit i vi ngnh cng ngh
thc phm. Kim tra sn xut nhm m bo cht lng sn phm ca nh my, m
bo cho cng nhn thao tc ng qui trnh k thut, trnh nh hng xu n sn
phm cng nh nhng s c k thut v h hng ca my mc, thit b. Kim tra sn
xut gip ta nh gi c tnh hnh hot ng ca nh my v ra k hoch hp l.
ng thi, qua pht hin c nhng sai st iu chnh hoc c bin php ci
tin k thut nh my hot ng tt.
11.1 Kim tra nguyn liu:
11.1.1 Kim tra cht lng ca malt:
Khi thu nhn:
- Mu sc: malt phi c mu vng sng, bng.
- Mi: thm nh, khng hi khi, mc, chua.

- V: ngt du.
- Trng thi: ht kh, ri, khng bc nng hay trng n, ht c kch thc
u, khng ln sn , su mt hay mm r st.
- m: m cho php khi bo qun phi nh hn 6%. Xc nh bng
phng php sy n khi lng khng i.
- Xc nh khi lng ring.
- Kim tra nng lc ng ho ca malt.
Trc khi a vo sn xut:
Tin hnh kim tra nh trc lc nhp kho. Nu c s bin i r rt cc ch
tiu cht lng phi bo ngay cho phng k thut c bin php x l.
11.1.2 Kim tra cht lng ca hoa houblon:
Hoa houblon di dng hoa vin v hoa nguyn cnh khi nhp v phi c mi
thm, v ng c trng.
11.1.3 Kim tra cht lng ca ng:
Ng khi nhp phi c tch phi, sch, khng c mi v l, khng mc,
khng b su mt, kch thc ht ng u. m cho php 10-14%.
11.1.4 Kim tra men ging:
- Dng tiu bn git p quan st chng nm men Saccharomyces
carlsbergensis Hansen. Khi cn tr t bo c dng hnh trn, hnh bu dc. Khi pht
trin th c nhiu chi, khi gi c hnh ovan di.
- nh gi cht lng ca nm men th tin hnh nhum mu t bo.
Nhum t bo xc nh trng thi sinh l v hot lc ca chng quyt nh c a
i sn xut hay khng.
11.1.5 Kim tra nc dng nu bia:
- Kim tra trong, mu sc v vi sinh vt ca nc sau khi x l. Nc
sn xut phi bo m trong sut, khng mu v mi v l, khng cha vi sinh vt
gy bnh.
- Kim tra cng, pH v oxy ho ca nc.

+ cng cho php

: 5 6 mg ng lng

+ pH

: 6,8 7,3 (o bng giy qu)

+ oxy ho

: 2 mg

11.2. Kim tra cc cng on sn xut :


11.2.1. Kim tra cng on nu :
Nghin nguyn liu :
Khi nghin nguyn liu, phi kim tra mc nt ca nguyn liu.
- Malt : xc nh kch thc ca bt nghin, mc nt ca v, t l gia tm
th, tm mn v bt. Nh my s dng thit b lc thng nn t l cc thnh phn ny
nh sau :
+ Tm th

: 18 22%

+ Tm mn

: 30 35%

+ Bt

: 25 35%

+ V

: 15 18%

- Ng : mn ca bt ng sau khi nghin cng cao cng tt.


Nu nguyn liu, houblon ho, lc dch ng :
- Kim tra nhit nu, tc nng nhit v gi nhit bng nhit k.
- Kim tra mc ng ho: dng dung dch iod kim tra khi dch
ng ho ht cha.
- Kim tra nng dch ng chy vo ni houblon sau khi lc.
- Kim tra trong ca dch lc.
- Kim tra qu trnh ra b: kim tra nng cht tan trong nc ra b kt
thc qu trnh lc. Khi nng cht tan c trong nc ra b nh hn 1% th qu
trnh ra b kt thc.
Lng trong v lm lnh :
- Kim tra mc trong sut ca dch ng thit b Whirlpool bng ng
thu thit b iu chnh thi gian gi dung dch trong thit b.
- Kim tra nhit ca dch ng sau khi lm lnh bng nhit k. Nhit
ca dch ln men sau khi lm lnh phi t 90C.

- Kim tra trong v nng ca dch ln men.


11.2.2. Kim tra cng on ln men :
Kim tra qu trnh nui cy men sn xut :
- C 2 gi phi kim tra s sinh trng, pht trin ca t bo nm men bng
cch o gim cht chit ca dch nui cy. Quan st trn knh hin vi xem c men
di v vi khun l trong dch men ging khng.
- Kim tra nhit phng nui cy men sn xut.
- Kim tra nhit ca mi trng nui cy bng nhit k thit b nhn
ging. .
Kim tra qu trnh ln men chnh:
- Kim tra nhit ca dch ln men, nhit t 9oC.
- Kim tra tc gim chit qua cc thi k ln men.
- Kim tra s nhim khun, xc nh gi tr pH ca dch ln men.
- Kim tra p sut d trong thit b ln men.
- Kim tra nng CO2 v ln men biu kin ca bia trc khi i lc v
n nh.
- Kim tra mc kt lng ca huyn ph.
Kim tra qu trnh ln men ph v tng tr bia:
- Kim tra nhit phng ln men ph, nhit 12oC.
- Kim tra nhit dch ln men.
- Kim tra p sut d thng ln men ph bng cc p k gn thit b.
- Kim tra nng CO2 v ln men biu kin ca bia trc khi i lc v n
nh. Hm lng CO2 > 0,3%
- Kim tra mi v, trong ca bia trc khi lc.
11.2.3. Kim tra cng on thnh phm :
- Kim tra ch nhit my thanh trng.
- Kim tra mc rt y bia trong chai.
- Kim tra thi gian thanh trng.
11.3. Kim tra sn phm :

kim tra, ngi ta ly 0,5% lng bia thnh phm cc v tr khc nhau
ca l bia kim tra, xc nh cc ch tiu. Cc chai c a i kim tra phi
khng h np, nt v, x hi...
11.3.1. Cc ch tiu cm quan :
- trong: khi bia c bm t thit b n nh bia qua tank cha ca my
chit ta phi tin hnh kim tra trong ca bia, c kt ta, lng cn hay khng. Bia
chai thnh phm c kim tra bng cch quan st y chai, bia phi trong sut,
khng c cn y chai, cn l lng v cc ht nh.
- bt: bt ca bia c nh gi khi rt bia vo cc thu tinh ri quan
st chiu dy lp bt, mn, trng ca bt, thi gian bt tn ti. Bia cht
lng tt phi c nhiu bt, bt trng mn, lu tan.
- Mi: a nh cc t xa vo mi v ngi. Bia phi c mi thm c trng ca
hoa houblon, ca malt v khng c mi men chua.
- V: v bia phi thm ngon. C v ng nh ca hoa houblon, hi ngt nh.
Bia khng c qu ng, qu ngt hay chua, lt.
11.3.2. Cc ch tiu ho l :
- Xc nh t trng bia bng t trng k : T trng ca bia t 1,005 1,02.
- Mu sc bia l mu vng rm. mu bia t 0,5 0,65 ml.
- pH ca bia : 4,1 4,8.
11.3.3. Cc ch tiu ho hc :
Xc nh nng ru v cht ho tan ban u:
Nguyn tc: chng ct bia, xc nh t trng 20oC/20oC ca dch chng ct.
Xc nh t trng 20oC/20oC ca phn dch chng ct cn li sau khi cn hon li
trng lng ban u. Xc nh t trng ca bia lc 20oC/20oC v s dng cc cng
thc tnh ton.

[7, tr 112]

Xc nh mu:
- S dng phng php chun it: mu ca bia c tnh bng s ml
dung dch I2 0,1 N thm vo 100 ml nc ct to thnh dung dch c mu tng
ng vi mu ca bia.

- Theo quy chun cho php, mu bia tng ng: 0,6 1,0 ml I2 0,1N.
Xc nh ng:
Nguyn tc: cc cht ng trong bia c chit s b axit ho bng iso-octan.
Sau khi ly tm, hp th ca lp iso-octan c o ti bc sng 275mm, so vi
mt mu iso-octan tinh khit.

[7, tr 118]

- ng: 17,521,5 BU
Xc nh chua :
- chua c xc nh bng phng php chun
- chua: 1,3 1,6 (ml NaOH 0,1N/10 ml bia)
Xc nh hm lng diaxetyl:
Xc nh cc cht vicinaldiaxeton trong bia bng my o quang ph o bc
sng cc tm.
Nguyn tc: tch cc cht dixeton t bia bng cch chng ct. Cho phn ng
phn chng ct c vi dung dch O-fenilendiamin v c cht dn xut ca
quinoxalin. Axit ho v o quang ph cc cht thu c t phn ng. Tnh nng
cc cht dixeton nh mt h s c xc nh qua cht chun. [7, tr 122]
- Tiu chun cho php < 0,1 mg/l
Xc nh hm lng CO2 c trong bia :
S dng phng php p lc

[7, tr 125]

Nguyn tc: o p sut kh trong c chai bia, kt qu o c th hin trn p


k. Ti nhit xc nh, p sut s t l vi nng CO2 c trong bia.
- Hm lng CO2: 4,5 5,0 g/l

KT LUN
Nc ta ang trn pht trin, nhu cu s dng bia ngy cng tng c v s
lng ln cht lng. Do , vic xy dng thm mt nh my bia l vn rt thit
thc v c kh nng mang li ngun thu ln cho ngn sch nh nc v ngun thu
nhp n nh cho ngi lao ng.
Sau hn 3 thng nghin cu ti liu, hc hi, c gng cng vi s gip
tn tnh ca c gio hng dn, ti hon thnh tp n tt nghip vi ti:
Thit k nh my bia ln men bng phng php c in nng sut 20 triu
lt/nm. y l phng php ln men m nu tun th ng quy trnh cng ngh v
cc nguyn tc v sinh th s thu c sn phm c cht lng cao, hiu qu kinh t
ln.
Tp n ny a ra c nhng vn sau:
- Tnh thit thc ca vic xy dng mt nh my bia theo phng php ln
men c in vi nng sut 20 triu lt/nm.
- Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut ph hp vi thc t.
- H thng thit b ph hp vi dy chuyn cng ngh.
- Mt s nguyn tc an ton trong sn xut

Qua rt ra u im ca nh my nh sau:
- Cht lng sn phm cao
- t yu cu v tnh k thut v kinh t
Trong qu trnh thit k, ti nm bt c nhng kin thc v cng ngh
sn xut bia m c bit l bia ln men bng phng php c in, ng thi tm hiu
c nhng vn trong vic xy dng nh my thc phm ni chung. Nhng do
thi gian c hn, cng vi s hn ch v chuyn mn v kinh nghim thc t ca bn
thn nn khng th trnh khi sai st. Rt mong s ng gp kin ca cc thy c
gio v cc bn ./.

Sinh vin
L Th Tho Vi
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Gs, Ts Nguyn Bin v tp th tc gi (1999). S tay qu trnh v thit b cng
ngh ho cht tp II NXB KH&KT.

2. on D, Mai Vn L, Bi c Hng (1983). Cng ngh v my ch bin


lng thc, NXB KH&KT.

3. Vn i v tp th tc gi (1992). S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh


ho cht tp I, NXB KH&KT.

4. Vn i v tp th tc gi (1978). C s cc qu trnh v thit b cng


ngh ho hc tp I. NXB H&THCN.

5. Vn i v tp th tc gi (1978). C s cc qu trnh v thit b cng


ngh ho hc tp II. NXB H&THCN.

6. PGS, TS Hong nh Ho (2000). Cng ngh sn xut malt v bia, NXB


KH&KT.

7. PGS, TS L Thanh Mai v tp th tc gi (2005). Cc phng php phn tch


ngnh cng ngh ln men, NXBKH&KT

8. Phan Bch Ngc (1991). Cng ngh ln men, NXB Nng.

9. Trn Vn Ph, L Nguyn ng (1991). K thut sy nng sn, NXB


KH&KT.

10. Phan Sm (1985). S tay k thut ni hi, NXB H Ni.


11. Nguyn Vn Sum (1996). S tay k thut in chiu sng, NXB KH&KT.
12. H Sng (1992). Cng ngh sn xut bia, NXB KH&KT.
13. Bi i, Anh Th (1995). K thut sn xut bia, trung tm pht trin k thut
v cng ngh thc phm FOODTECH

14. ThS Trn Th Truyn (1999). C s thit k nh my ho, NXB Nng


15. ThS Trn Th Truyn (1999). Kin trc cng nghip, NXB Nng
16. PGS, TS Trn Minh Vng (1999). My phc v chn nui, NXB Gio
Dc.

17.

.P.3ak (1977). OOPYOBAHE PEPT BHOE-

ECKO POMIEHHOCT, MOCKBA

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