1

CC PHNG PHP GII PHNG TRNH LGARIT

V d 1. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a)
( )
3 4
1 3
3
3
log x log x log 3x 3 + + =
b)
3
4 1 8
16
log x log x log x 5 + + =
c)
( )
2
2 4 2
x 3
log log x 4x 4 l og 3
x 2
+
+ + + =

d) ( ) ( ) ( )
8
4 2
2
1 1
log x 3 log x 1 log 4x
2 4
+ + =

Bi gii:
a) iu kin: x 0 >
3 3 3 3
log x 3log x 1 4log x 3 log x 1 + + = =
Vy PT c nghim x 3 = .


c) iu kin: x 3 < hoc x 2 >
( )
2 2 2
x 3
log log x 2 l og 3
x 2
+
+ + =

( )( ) ( )( )
2 2
x 3 x 2 x 3 x 2
log log 3 3
x 2 x 2
+ + + +
= =


2
x 2x 12 0 x 1 13 + = =
Vy PT c nghim x 1 13 = .
b) iu kin: x 0 >
2 2 2 2
1
log x 4log x log x 5 log x 2
2
+ = =
Vy PT c nghim
1
x
4
= .
d) iu kin: x 1 >
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
log x 3 log x 1 log 4x + + =
( )( ) ( ) ( )( )
2 2
log x 3 x 1 log 4x x 3 x 1 4x + = + =
( )
2
x 1 L
x 2x 3 0
x 3
=
=

=

Vy PT c nghim x 3 = .

V d 2. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a)
( )
2
x 3
1
log 3 1 2x x
2
+
+ =
b)
( )
2 2
x
log 2 log 4x 3 + =
c)
2 3
x 4x 2x
2
4log x 2log x 3log x + =
d)
2 3
x 4x 16x
2
log x 40log x 14log x 0 + =

Bi gii:
a) iu kin: 3 x 2 < =
2
3 1 2x x x 3 3 x 1 x 3 + = + = +
Xt hai trng hp:
* ( )
2
x 1 1 x 4
VN
x 9x 13 0 4 x x 3
> s s

+ = = +


*
2
x 1 2 x 1
3 5
x
2 x 3x 1 0 x 2 x 3
< < < +
=

+ + = + = +


b) iu kin: 0 x 2 < =
2 2
2
2
1 1
2 log x 3 log x 1
2
1 log x
log
x
+ + = + =

2 2
2 2 2 2 2
1 log x log x 1 log x log x 2log x 0 + = =
2
2
log x 0 x 1
log x 2 x 4
= =


= =


Vy PT c hai nghim x 1 = hoc x 4 = .
c) iu kin: 0 x 2 < = v
1 1
x , x
2 4
= =
+ x 1 = l mt nghim ca PT.
+ Vi x 1 =
2 3
x 4x 2x
2
4log x 2log x 3log x + =
x x x
2 4 9
1 log 2 1 2log 2 1 log 2
+ =
+ +

2 2
x x
2
x 4
log x 2
6log 2 log 2 1 0
1
log x 3 x
8
=
=

=

= =

Vy PT c ba nghim x 1 = , x 4 = ,
1
x
8
= .
d) iu kin: 0 x 2 < = v
1 1
x , x
16 4
= =
Gii tng t cu c). Kt qu: x 1 = ,
1
x
2
= .

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2
V d 3. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a)
( ) ( )
x x 1
2 1
2
log 4 4 x log 2 3
+
+ = b)
( ) ( )
x x 1
5 25
log 5 1 .log 5 5 1
+
=

Bi gii:
a) iu kin:
x 1
2 3 0
+
>
( ) ( )
x x 1
2 2
log 4 4 log 2 3 x
+
+ =

x x
x
2 x 1 x 1
4 4 4 4
log x 2
2 3 2 3
+ +
+ +
= =



x x x
4 3.2 4 0 2 4 x 2 = = =

Vy PT c nghim x 2 = .
b) iu kin: x 0 >
( ) ( )
x x
5 5
1
log 5 1 . log 5 5 1 1
2
=
( ) ( )
x x
5 5
log 5 1 . 1 log 5 1 2
(
+ =


( ) ( )
( )
( )
x
5
x 2 x
5 5
x
5
log 5 1 2
log 5 1 log 5 1 2 0
log 5 1 1

+ =

Gii ra ta c nghim
5
26
x log
25
= ,
5
x log 6 =

V d 4. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a) ( )
3
3 2 3 2
x 1
log 3x .log x log log x
2 3
= +
b)
( )
2
9 3 3
2log x log x.log 2x 1 1 = +
c)
( )
2 2 2 2
6 1
6
x log 5x 2x 3 x log 5x 2x 3 x 2x = +
d) ( ) ( )
2
2 7 7 2
1
log x log x 3 2log x 3 log x
2
(
+ + = + +
(



Bi gii:
a) iu kin: x 0 >
( )
3 2 3 2
1 1
1 log x .log x 3log x log x
2 2
+ + = +
3
3 2 3
2
log x 0 x 1
log x.log x 3log x 0
x 8 log x 3
= =
=

= =


Vy PT c nghim x 1 = , x 8 = .



c) iu kin:
3
x
5
< hoc x 1 >
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
6 6
1
x log 5x 2x 3 x log 5x 2x 3 x 2x
2
+ = +
( ) ( )
2 2 2
6
1
x 2x log 5x 2x 3 x 2x
2
+ = +
( )
2
2
6
x 0; x 2
x 2x 0
17
x 3; x log 5x 2x 3 2
5
= =
+ =



= = =

Vy PT c nghim 4 nghim: x 0; x 2 = = ; x 3; =
17
x
5
=
b) iu kin: x 0 >
( )
2
3 3 3
1
log x log x. log 2x 1 1
2
= +
( )
3
3 3
log x 0
x 1
x 4 log x log 2x 1 1
=
=


= = +

Vy PT c nghim x 1 = , x 4 = .
d) iu kin: x 0 >
( ) ( )( )
2 2 7 2
1
log x 2log x 1 log x 3 2log x 1 0
2
+ =
( ) ( )
2 2 7
1
2log x 1 log x log x 3 0
2
| |
+ =
|
\ .

( )
( )
2
2 7
2 7
1
log x x 2
2
log x log x 3
log x 2log x 3

= =

= +
= +

Gii PT bng cch t
t
2
log x t x 4 = = , ta c:
t t
t t
4 1
4 3 7 3. 1 t 0
7 7
| | | |
+ = + = =
| |
\ . \ .

x 1 =
Vy PT c nghim 4 nghim: x 2; x 1 = = .



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3
V d 5. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a)
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2x 1 3x
log 6x 5x 1 log 4x 4x 1 2 0

+ + = b)
( ) ( )
2 2
3x 7 2x 3
log 4x 12x 9 log 6x 23x 21 4
+ +
+ + + + + =

Bi gii:
a) iu kin:
1
0 x
3
= <
( )( ) ( )
2
1 2x 1 3x
log 1 2x 1 3x log 1 2x 2 0

= ( ) ( )
1 2x 1 3x
log 1 3x 2log 1 2x 1 0

=
( )
( )
1 2x
1 2x
2
log 1 3x 1 0
log 1 3x

( ) ( )
2
1 2x 1 2x
log 1 3x log 1 3x 2 0

=
( )
( )
( )
1 2x
2
1 2x
1
1 3x log 1 3x 1
1 2x
log 1 3x 2
1 3x 1 2x

= =

Gii ra ta thu c cc nghim
1
x
4
= .
b) Gii tng t cu a). Kt qu:
1
x
4
= .
V d 6. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a) ( )
2
2 2
log x x 1 log x 2x 6 0 + + = b) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3
x 2 log x 1 4 x 1 log x 1 16 0 + + + + + =

Bi gii:
a) iu kin: x 0 >
t
2
t log x = . PT tr thnh: ( )
2
t x 1 t 2x 6 0 + + = . Xem l PT bc hai theo n t. Ta c:
( )
2
2
2
2
1
log x 2 t 2 x
x 5 4
t x 2 log x 3 x
log x 3 x

= = =

A =


= =

=

x 2
1
x
4
=

.
Vy PT c nghim
1
x
4
= , x 2 = .
b) Gii tng t cu a). Kt qu:
80
x
81
= , x 2 = .
V d 7. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a) ( )
2 3 2
log log log x 1 ( =


b)
( )
x
x 3
log log 9 6 1
(
=


b)
( ) ( ) ( )
3
log log x log log x 2 0 + =

Bi gii:
a) ( )
3 2 2
log log x 2 log x 9 x 512 = = =
b)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 2
log log x. log x 2 0 log x. log x 2 1 3log x 2log x 1 0
(
= = =


3
x 10 log x 1
1 1
x log x
10 3
= =


= =


c) iu kin: 0 x 1 < =
( ) ( )
x x x x
3
log 9 6 x 9 3 6 0 3 3 x 1 L = = = =
Vy PT cho v nghim.

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4
V d 8. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a)
( )
4
6 4
2log x x log x + =
b)
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 3 6
log x x 1 . log x x 1 log x x 1 + =
Bi gii:
a) iu kin: x 0 >
( )
4
6 4
log x x log x + =
t
t
4
log x t x 16 = = . PT tr thnh:
( )
t t
t t t t t
6
4 2
log 4 2 t 4 2 6 1
6 6
| | | |
+ = + = + =
| |
\ . \ .

Hm s ( )
t t
4 2
f t
6 6
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .
nghc bin trn R nn
PT c nghim duy nht t 1 x 16 = =
Vy PT c nghim x 16 = .
b) iu kin:
2
2
x x 1 0
x x 1 0

>

+ >

( ) ( )
( )
2
2
2 2
2 3
2
log x x 1
log x x 1 .log x x 1
log 6

+ =

( )
( )
6
2
2
2
log 2 2 2
3 6
log x x 1 0
x x 1 1
x x 1 3 log x x 1 log 2

=

=

+ = + =

( )
( ) 1
2

PT (1) VN. Ta gii PT (2):
( )
6
6 6
6
log 2 2
log 2 log 2
log 2 2
x x 1 3
3 3
x TM
2
x x 1 3

+ =
+
=

.
V d 9. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a)
1
5
log x x 6 =
b) ( )
2
2
2
x 4x 5
x 2 log 2 2x 3
2x 3
+ +
+ + = +
+

Bi gii:
a) Hm s
1
5
y log x = nghch bin v y x 6 = ng bin trn khong ( ) 0; + nn PT c nghim x 5 = .
b) ( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
x 2 log x 4x 5 log 2x 3 2 2x 3 + + + + = + +
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
x 2 1 log x 2 1 log 2 2x 3 2 2x 3
(
+ + + + + = + +

(*)
t ( )
2
f t t log t = + , vi t 0 > . Ta c: ( )
1
f ' t 1 0, t 0
t ln 2
= + > > nn ( ) f t ng bin trn khong ( ) 0; + .
PT (*) tr thnh: ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 2 2
f x 2 1 f 2 2x 3 x 2 1 2 2x 3 x 1 2x 3 1 0
(
+ + = + + + = + + + + =


Vy nghim ca PT l x 1 = .
V d 10. Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a)
5 5
log 3 log x
x 4 x + =
b)
2 2 2
log 9 log x log 3 2
x x .3 x =
c)
2 2
1 3
log x log x
2 2
2x 2 =
Bi gii:
a) iu kin: x 0 >
5 5 5 5
log 3 log x log x log x
x 4 x 3 4 x + = + = . t
t
5
log x t x 5 = = . PT tr thnh:
t t t
3 4 5 + =
5
t 2 log x 2 x 25 = = = .
b) iu kin: x 0 >
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2
2
log x log x log x log x log x 2 2
9 x .3 3 3 3 x 1 = =
2
log x 2
3 x 1 = . t
t
2
log x t x 2 = = . PT tr thnh:
t t
t t
3 1
3 4 1 1 t 1 x 2
4 4
| | | |
= + = = =
| |
\ . \ .
.
c) iu kin: x 0 > . PT
2 2
1 3
log x log x
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 3
log 2x log 2 1 log x log x
2 2
| | | |
= + =
| |
\ . \ .
2
2
log x 1 x 2
log x 2 x 4
= =


= =

.
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5
MT S BI TP PHNG TRNH LGARIT

1. ( ) ( ) 8 log 2 1 log 3 log
4 4 4
= + x x
2. ( ) 2 65 2 log
2
5
= +

x x
x

3. ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 lg 20 21 lg 1 10 lg 5 lg = + + x x x
4. |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+ = |
.
|

\
|

8
1
lg
2
1
2
1
lg
2
1
lg
2
1
lg x x x x
5. 4 lg lg 3 lg
2 2
= x x x
6. 0 2 log 3 log
3
1
3
1
= + x x
7. ( ) 8
8
log 4 log
2
2
2
2
1
= +
x
x
8. ( ) ( ) 2 2 2 log 6 4 log
2
5
5
=
x x

9. 1 log 2 log
2
3 3
= x
x

10. ( ) ( ) 2 1 2 log 1 log
5 3
= + + + x x
11. ( ) ( ) 0 1 10 6 log 3 log
2
2
2
= + x x
12. 1 log
2
2
=

x
x x

13. 12 log . 4 log
2
2
2
= x x
x

14. ( ) 0 5 , 4 lg 1 log = + x
x

15. 3
3
log
3
log
2 2
= |
.
|

\
|
+ |
.
|

\
|
+
x
x
x
x
16. ( ) ( ) 2 lg 4 6 lg
2
+ + = + x x x x
17. ( ) ( ) 0 1 10 6 log 3 log
2
2
2
= + x x
18. 6 3 3 log 3 3 log . log
3 3
= +
x
x
19. ( ) ( ) 3 2 log 2 2 log
2
3 2
2
3 2 2
=
+
+
x x x x
20. 0 1 3 log log . 3
3 3
= x x
21. x
x
x x
x 2
4
2
4 4
2
log
2
log 2 log 2 log = + +

22. ( ) 4 lg 2 lg
2
1
10 lg
2
= + + x x
23. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 16 2 log 2 4 2 log 3
3
2
3
= + + + + + x x x x
24.
15 4
2 2
2
2
2
3 log 81 log
4 log
36 log

= +
x x

25. ( ) 2 1 2 log
2
1
= +
+
x
x

26.
( )
( )
3
2
log x 1
2 2
2 2
3x 2 log x 1 log x
+
= +
27. 3 3 log log . 4
9
= +
x
x
28. ( ) 1 3 log 6 log
2 2
= x x
29. ( ) ( ) 3 log 3 12 7 log 2 3 log
2
2
2
2
2
+ = + + + + + x x x x
30. ( ) ( ) 0 log 2 1 1
2
2
= + + x x x x
31. ( ) ( ) 6 1 log 1 log
2
3 2
2
2
3 2
= + + + +
+
x x x x
32. 0
6
7
4 log 2 log = + x
x

33. 225 log . 3 log log log
9 5 3 5
= + x x
34. ( ) ( ) 1 log 2
2 log
1
1 3 log
2
3
2
+ + = +
+
x x
x

35. x x x x
7 2 7 2
log . log 2 log 2 log + = +
36.
( ) ( )
2 2
4 5
log x x 1 .log x x 1 +

( )
2
20
log x x 1 =
37. ( ) 4 3 . 5 9 log
2
= +
x x

38.
x 1 x
3
log 9 4.3 2 3x 1
+
( = +


39. ( ) ( ) 1 12 2 log 4 2 log
2 2
+ = +
x x
x
40. ( ) 16 log 1 log
1 2 +
= +
x
x
41. ( ) ( )
2
log log
1 2 2 2 2
2 2
x x
x x
+ = + +
42. ( ) ( ) 1 log 1 log
2
1
2
2
= x x
43. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 1 lg . 1 2 4 1 lg 1
2 2 2 2 2
= + + + x x x x
44. ( ) ( ) ( ) 0 6 2 1 log 5 1 log
3
2
3
= + + + + x x x x
45. 225 log . 3 log log log
9 5 3 5
= + x x
46. ( ) ( ) 0 2 26 log 8 log
3 9
= + + + x x
47. ( ) 9 4 4 log 2 log
2
3
2
3
= + + + + x x x
48. ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 log 2 2 log 5 log 1 log
25
1 5
5
1
2
5
+ = + + x x x
49. ( ) ( ) ( )
3
4
1
3
4
1
2
4
1
6 log 4 log 3 2 log
2
3
+ + = + x x x
50. 3 log log log . log
2
3
3 3 2
+ = x x x x
51.
( ) ( )
( )
2
2 1
2
1 2
3 .log 1 2log 2
3 .log 2 2log 1
x
x
x x
x x

+
= +



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