BAI GIANG TIN HOC CHUYEN NGANH Ngay 16/9/2007. 1.

Gii thieu - Excel la mot san pham cua Microsoft Office chuyen ve x ly bang tnh vi cac chc nang sau. + Tnh toan hang loat cac phep tnh t n gian en phc tap. + Tao va trang tr cac loai bieu mau. + Sap xep, he thong, khai bao c s d lieu Database + Tao cac o th minh hoa cac so lieu tren bang tnh. 2. Khi ong, thoat Excel 3. Man hnh giao dien Excel, cac thanh cong cu tren man hnh giao dien. - Bang tnh: gom 256 cot va 65536 hang. - Mot o nho tren man hnh goi la: con tro o (cell) - at ten cho vung (range): Menu Inset / Name / Define Name =>OK - Delete range: chon Inset/Name/Define Name/Delete. 4. a ch tng oi, a ch tuyet oi. - a ch tng oi: E8 - a ch tuyet oi: $E$4 - a ch hon hp: ch tuyet oi dong hoac cot: $E4, E$4. 5. Cac loai d kien: a. D kien kieu chuoi (Text): - Bat au t cac ky t t A~Z, a~z, khoang trang hay noi dung co cha t nhat 1 ky t. - Mac nh d kien kieu chuoi c canh le ben trai. - Trong cong thc nhng d kien dang chuoi khong co gia tr tnh toan. b. D kien kieu so (Number): - Bat au t cac so t 0~9. - Mac nh d kien kieu so c canh le ben phai trong o. - Dang the hien: phu thuoc vao chieu dai cua chuoi so nhap vao o. Neu chieu dai chuoi qua ln hn o rong cua o. Excel t ong chuyen sang dang so khoa hoc (scientific) hoac hien th cac dau ####...trong o, khi o ta nh lai o rong cot. - So nguyen va so thap phan: 10 va 10.5 VD. 5E+06 co ngha 5*10 luy tha 6. c. D kien kieu luan ly (Logarit) - D kien kieu luan ly t khi dung e nhap. Ch co 2 gia tr TRUE (ung) va FALSE(sai). VD. =B4>B7 vi B4=3 va B7=8 Sau khi enter, trong o cell co ch FALSE. d. D kien kieu cong thc (Formula)

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- Bat au bang dau = - Dang the hien: la tr so ket qua cua cong thc trong o (cong thc nhap vao ch c the hien tren thanh cong thc). - Thanh phan cua cong thc co the gom: so, chuoi, ten vung, cac toan t, cac dang ham. - Cac loai toan t s dung trong cong thc + Toan t so hoc: +, - , *, / , ^. + Toan t so sanh: =, <, >, >=, <, <=. + Toan t ghep chuoi: & VD: ghep chuoi B4=marketing Noi chuoi: =truong&B4, sau khi enter => truong marketing. D kien kieu ngay (Date), gi (Time) - Phai nhap theo dang cong thc a an nh trong the Date cua setting => control panel => regional and language Options. - Khi nhap khong ung theo nhng dang a an nh trong Excel hieu sai va t chuyen sang dang chuoi. - Mac nh d kien kieu ngay gi c canh le phai trong o. + Nhan phm Ctrl + : nhap ngay he thong. + Nhan phm Ctrl+shift +: nhap gi he thong. - Co the dung e tnh toan nh d kien kieu so. Thay oi dang thc d kien kieu so, ngay gi. - Chon pham vi can thay oi dang thc the hien - Thc hien viec nh dang hop Format / cells (mac nh che o general) sau o chon nh dang lai. Canh bien d kien - Muon oi d lieu so la 0.000,00 (kieu VN) - Phai chnh sa t Control Panel/ Regional&language/custom/number =>chnh sa =>apply. - Currency => chnh sa => apply. - Chon pham vi can canh bien - Thc hien viec nh dang the Alignment cua hop Format/Cells hay tren thanh Formating. - Trong 1 cell co 9 v tr. (row: left, center, right & column: top,center, bottom) ong khung bang bao cao: Menu Format/ Cells/ Border Sao chep huy bo dang thc: - Format Painter - Xoa: Edit /Clear / Format. Phan biet: Menu Edit/Clear va Edit/Delete. CAC DANG HAM TRONG EXCEL

Ham la nhng chng trnh do Excel thiet lap san nham thc hien cac yeu cau tnh toan chuyen biet hay cong viec. Excel co 300 ham chia theo 10 nhom sau: 1. Date and time Function Ham ve ngay gi. 2. Math & Trig Ham toan va lng giac. 3. Lookup & Reference Ham do tm 4. Text X ly chuoi d lieu 5. Logarit Luan ly 6. Information Thong tin 7. Statistical Thong ke 8. Financial Tai chnh 9. Database C s d lieu 10. Engineering Ky thuat. 1. CU PHAP TONG QUAT CAC HAM - Ten ham (oi so1, ., oi so n) - Ten ham khong phan biet ch thng hay ch in hoa. - oi so cua ham co the co hoac khong, tuy theo ham, gia cac oi so phai phan cach bang dau phay hoac dau cham phay. - Neu oi so la mot gia tr chuoi th gia tr chuoi nay phai at trong cap dau nhay kep. - Co the s dung mot ham e lam oi so cho mot ham khac nhng khong phai nhap dau = pha trc ten ham o. Tuy nhien ham trong ham toi a ch c 7 ham. 1.1 ABS / =abs(number), tnh tr so tuyet oi 1.2 COUNT BLANK / =countblank(range) - Tra ve so lng cac o co gia tr rong trong pham vi range (range la khoi o trong vung cha so, chuoi) VD. =countblank(E3:E7, G8:G12): tnh so o rong trong vung t E3~E7 va G8~G12. 1.3 COUNTIF / =countif(range,criteria) - em so o trong pham vi range thoa ieu kien criteria. + range: khoi o hau vung cha so, chuoi. + criteria: ieu kien dung e em (ieu kien n) VD: =countif(A3:F3, >30): tnh so o co gia tr ln hn 30 trong vung A3~F3. 1.4 EVEN / =even(number) - Tra ve so nguyen chan nho nhat ln hn hay bang number (number la so hay toa o cha gia tr so) VD: =even(11.2) => 12 =even(12.5) =>14 1.5 ODD/ =odd(number) - Tra ve so nguyen le nho nhat ln hn hay bang number.

VD: =odd(11.2) => 13 =odd(12.5) => 13 1.6 INT / =int(number) - Tra ve phan nguyen cua number. VD: =int(11.2) => 11 1.7 MOD / =mod(number,divisor) - Tra ve phan d cua phep chia number chodivisor (number, divisor la so hay toa o o cha gia tr so) VD: =mod(11,2) => 1 1.8 ROUND / =round(number, num_digits) - Tra ve tr gia a c lam tron cua number tai v tr th num_digits. + number: la so hay toa o o cha gia tr so + num_digits >0 : lam tron phan thap phan number. + num_digits 0: lam tron phan nguyen number. VD: =round(123456.789 ,2) => 123456.79 =round(123456.789, -2) =>123500 Ngay 23/9/2007. 1.9 SQRT / =sqrt(number) Tra ve can bac 2 cua number. (number la so hay toa o o cha gia tr so) VD: =sqrt(25) =>5 1.10 SUM / =sum(number1, number2,.) Tnh tong cac number1, number2,. VD: =sum(E3:E7, B2:B5) 1.11 SUMIF / =sumif(range, criteria, sum_range) Tnh tong cac o gia tr so trong sum_range tng ng vi cac o trong range thoa ieu kien criteria. range: vung cha ieu kien e tnh tong criteria: ieu kien tnh huong (ieu kien n) sum_range: vung cha d lieu can tnh tong da vao ieu kien. Neu khong co oi so sum_range th cac o trong range thoa ieu kien criteria se c tnh tong. VD: =sumif(tenhang,xang,doanh thu) 2. NHOM HAM THONG KE 2.1 AVERGE / =average(number1, number2,.) Tnh trung bnh cong cac number1, number2.( number1, number2,la so hay toa o o cha gia tr so) VD: =averge(E3:E7) tnh trung bnh cong trong vung t E3~E7. 2.2 COUNT / =count(value1, value2,.) Tra veso lng o co gia tr kieu so khac rong trong danh sach value1, value2, (value1, value2, la so chuoi, hay toa o o hay khoi,

vung cha so, chuoi) VD: =count(E3:E7, G8:G12) tnh so o co gia tr so trong vung t E3~E7 va G8~G12. 2.3 COUNTA / =counta(valua1, value2) Tra ve so lng cac o co gia tr khac rong trong danh sach value1, value2 (value1, value2 la so chuoi hay toa o, khoi vung cha so, chuoi) VD. =counta(E3:E7, G8:G12) tnh so o co gia tr khac rong trong vung t E3~E7 va G8~G12. 2.4 MAX / =max(number1, number2) Tnh gia ttr ln nhat cua number1, number2(number1, number2la so hay toa o o cha gia tr so) 2.5 MIN / =min(number1, number2) Tnh gia tr nho nhat cua number1, number2 la la so hay toa o o cha gia tr so) 2.6 RANK / =rank(number, ref, order) Tm th hang cua number trong day so ref theo th t order number: so hay toa o o cha gia tr so dung e xep th hang ref: khoi o hay vung cha gia tr so order: th hang tang dan giam dan. Neu la so 0 (hay khong ghi): sap th t giam dan, so 1 tang dan VD: =rank(E3, E3:E7,1) tm th t tang dan cua E3 trong vung t E3 en E7 3. CAC HAM LOGIC 3.1 AND / =and(logical1,logical2,.) Tra ve gia tr TRUE(ung) neu tat ca cac bieu thc logic logical1, logical2eu ung. Hay FALSE (sai) neu tat ca bieu thc logic sai VD: =and(3>2,5<8,6>9) => FALSE 3.2 OR / =or(logical1, logical2..) Tra ve gia tr FALSE(sai) neu tat ca bieu thc logic logical1, logical2 eu sai. Hay TRUE(ung) neu co mot bieu thc logic ung. VD: =or(3>2,5<8,6>9) =>TRUE 3.3 NOT / =not(logical) Tra ve gia tr FALSE (sai) neu bieu thc logic logical ung hay TRUE (ung) neu bieu thc logic sai. VD: =not(6>9) =>TRUE 3.4 IF / =if(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false) Tra ve gia tr la value_if_true neu logic_test la TRUE (ung) hay value_if_false neu logical_test la FALSE. VD: =if(F6>=$D$3, F6*G6+300000,F6*G6) =if(D6=A,0.7*G6,IF(D6=B,0.5*G6, IF(D6=C, 0.3*G6,0)))

VD2: 0<iem<5 : yeu 5<=iem<6.5: TB 6.5<=iem<7: TBkha 7<=iem<8: kha 8<=iem<9: gioi 9<=iem Ta co ham: =IF(AND(A2>0,A2<5),Y,IF(A2<6.5,TB,IF(A2<7,TBK,IF(A2<8,KHA, IF(A2<9,GIOI, XS))))) 4. NHOM HAM CHUOI (Text) 4.1 LEFT / =left(text, num_char) Tra ve chuoi con cua chuoi text c trch t trai sang phai num_char ky t. VD. =left (B6,2) => NK (gia s B6 cha noi dung NK001) 4.2 RIGHT / =right(text, num_char) Tra ve chuoi con cua chuoi text c trch t phai sang trai num_char ky t. VD. =right (B6,3) => 001 (gia s B6 cha noi dung NK001) 4.3 MID / =mid(text, start-num, num_char) Tra ve chuoi con cua chuoi text c trch tai v tr start_num va dai num_char ky t. VD. =mid(B6,3,2) =>00 (gia s B6 cha noi dung NK001) 4.4 UPPER / =upper(text) Tra ve chuoi text c chuyen sang ch in Note: ch ung vi cac ky t theo mat ma vnikey, vi Unicode co the b sai. 4.5 LOWER / =lower(text) Tra ve chuoi text c chuyen sang ch thng 4.6 PROPER / =proper(text) Tra ve chuoi text, trong o cac ky t au tien cua moi t c chuyen sang ch in. VD. =proper(B6) => Trng 4.7 TRIM / =trim(text) Tra ve chuoi text, trong o cac ky t trong au va cuoi chuoi text a c loai bo. VD. =trim( H MARKETING => H MARKETING 4.8 LEN / len(text) Tra ve so ky t cua chuoi text (chieu dai cua chuoi text)

4.9 TEXT / =text(value, format_text) oi gia tr kieu so, ngay, gi thanh chuoi VD. =text(1234.45, ##,###,###) => 1,234.45 VD nhap so ien thoai vi dang mot chuoi cac ky t so So ien thoai: B6=0913885886 =text(B6,0### ### ###) =>0913 885 886. Note: oi vi ngay thang th dung dang =text(B6,dd/mm/yyyy) 4.10 VALUE / =value(text) oi chuoi thanh so: Note: gom cac ky so VD. =value(06) => 6 VD: B6=0913 885 886 Ta co ham: =value(left(B6,4),B6) =>913 4.11 EXACT / exact(text1, text2,) Kiem tra 2 chuoi text1 va text 2 co giong nhau hoan toan khong. Ham tra ve gia tr TRUE, neu 2 chuoi giong nhau va ngc lai tra ve tr FALSE VD. =exact(111,111 ) => FALSE 4.12 SEARCH / =search(find_text, within_text, start_num) Xac nh gia tr xuat hien cua chuoi con find_text trong chuoi within_text, bat au t v tr start_num VD. =search(o?o, Microsoft,1) => 5 (tai v tr th 5) (dau ? co y ngha ky t thay the nao cung c) = search(soft,Microsoft,5) =>6 (tai v tr th 6) Neu chuoi con khong co trong chuoi within_text hoac start_num<0 hay start_num> chieu dai chuoi within_text th ham tra ve thong bao loi #VALUE! Co the dung ky t ?,* ai dien trong chuoi con. 5. NHOM HAM TM KIEM (Lookup & Reference) 5.1 MATCH / =match(lookup_value, lookup_array,match_type) Tm gia tr lookup_value trong day lookup_array va tra ve v tr xuat hien tng ng trong day lookup_array. lookup_value: chuoi, so, toa o o cha so, chuoi, bieu thc co ket qua la mot gia tr so hay chuoi muon tm trong day. lookup_array: day cac o lien tiep nhau tren cung mot hang hay mot cot cha d lieu can tm. match_type: cach do tm, gom cac gia tr 1(gan ung), 0, -1. 1(hay khong ghi): gia tr ln nhat trong day ma nho hn hay bang lookup_value. Day phai la sap xep th t tang dan. 0: tm gia tr au tien bang ung vi lookup_value. -1: tm gia tr nho nhat trong day ln hn hay bang lookup_value.

Day phai xep theo th t giam dan. VD. oi vi day la chuoi G5 a G6 ab G7 ac G8 b G9 bb G10 bc =MATCH("ac",G5:G10,1) =>3 =MATCH("ac",G5:G10,-1) =>#N/A (do day sap xep theo th t giam dan) =MATCH("ac",G5:G10,0) => 3 VD. oi vi day la so G5 1 G6 1.5 G7 2 G8 2.5 G9 3 G10 3.5 =MATCH(1.2,$G$5:$G$10,1) =>1 =MATCH(1.2,$G$5:$G$10,-1) => #N/A (v day khong theo th t giam dan) =MATCH(1.2,$G$5:$G$10,0) => #N/A (v 0 la tm gia tr chnh xac) =MATCH(1.5,$G$5:$G$10,0) => 2 (v 1.5 ng v tr th 2) Note: oi vi so phai sap xep theo th t mi co the tm c chnh xac. 5.2 VKOOKUP / vlookup(lookup_value, table, col_index,range_lookup) Tm gia tr lookup_value trong cot au tien cua bang table va tm thay tai hang nao se tra ve gia tr hang o tai cot th col_index. lookup_value: chuoi, so, toa o o cha gia tr so, chuoi, bieu thc. table: khoi cha d lieu can tm gom 2 phan. Cot au tien: la cha d lieu e oi chieu vi lookup_value. Cac cot con lai: cha d lieu can lay ra tng ng vi lookup_value tm thay. range_lookup: cach tm, gom cac gia tr 1,0 (hay TRUE, FALSE). VD. =vlookup(B3,MaTK,2,0): tm gia tr cua B3 trong vung MaTK va lay ra gia tr tng ng trong cot 2. Table Col_index(D3) Ket Qua D dau XL1 xang =VLOOKUP(LEFT(D3), $B$3:$C$5,2,0) N nht XS2 xang =VLOOKUP(LEFT(D4), $B$3:$C$5,2,0)

=VLOOKUP(LEFT(D5), $B$3:$C$5,2,0) DS2 dau =VLOOKUP(LEFT(D6), $B$3:$C$5,2,0) NL1 nht =VLOOKUP(LEFT(D7), $B$3:$C$5,2,0) NS2 nht =VLOOKUP(LEFT(D8), $B$3:$C$5,2,0) Vlookup = vertical (d lieu theo cot ng) 5.3 HLOOKUP / =hlookup (lookup_value, table, row_index,range_lookup) Tm gia tr lookup_value trong hang au tien cua bang table va tm thay tai cot nao se tra ve gia tr cot o tai cot th row_index. lookup_value: chuoi, so, toa o o cha gia tr so, chuoi, bieu thc. table: khoi cha d lieu can tm gom 2 phan. Hang au tien: la cha d lieu e oi chieu vi lookup_value. Cac hang con lai: cha d lieu can lay ra tng ng vi lookup_value tm thay. range_lookup: cach tm, gom cac gia tr 1,0 (hay TRUE, FALSE). VD. =hlookup(B3,giaphong,2,0): tm gia tr cua B3 trong vung gia phong va lay ra gia tr tng ng trong hang 2. Table(Giaphong) row_index Ket Qua (F3) A B C A001 2 sao =HLOOKUP(LEFT(F12), $B$12:$D$13,2,0) 2 sao 3 sao 4 sao A002 2 sao =HLOOKUP(LEFT(F13), $B$12:$D$13,2,0) B001 3 sao =HLOOKUP(LEFT(F14), $B$12:$D$13,2,0) B005 3 sao =HLOOKUP(LEFT(F15), $B$12:$D$13,2,0) C004 4 sao =HLOOKUP(LEFT(F16), $B$12:$D$13,2,0) C003 4 sao =HLOOKUP(LEFT(F17), $B$12:$D$13,2,0) VD2. 5.4 INDEX / =index(array,row_num,col_num) Tra ve gia tr cua mot phan t trong day array la giao cua hang row_num va cot col_num. array: day cac o lien tiep nhau gom nhieu hang, cot row_num: ch so hang trong day array. Neu bo qua oi so row_num, phai la oi so col_num. col_num: ch so cot trong day array. VD. Thng dung ket hp vi ham match. Xep hang 0Y X xang DL1 dau

5 TB 6.5 TBK 7 KHA 8 GIOI 9 XS =INDEX(C21:D26,4,2) =>KHA VD2: =index({HN,DN,SG,TG;10,15,20,25},2,3) =>20 6. NHOM HAM VE NGAY GI (Date & Time) 6.1 NOW / =now() Tra ve ngay, gi he thong hay tr so tuan t ngay gi(serial_number) ng vi thi iem dung ham, tuy theo nh dang la d kien Date, Time hay Number. VD. =now() => 2007/9/23 14:28 (goi la serial_number) Tuy nhien co the nh dang lai e chon Date hoac Time ma thoi. 6.2 TODAY / =today() Tra ve ngay, thang, nam hay tr so tuan t ngay gi (serial_number) ng vi thi iem dun ham tuy theo nh dang la d kien Date, Time hay Number. 6.3 DAY / =day(serial_number) Tra ve ngay cua thang ng vi serial_number (serial_number la tr so tuan t ngay, gi hay chuoi dang ngay) 6.4 MONTH / =month(serial_number) Tra ve thang ng vi serial_number. 6.5 YEAR / =year(serial_number) Tra ve nam ng vi serial_number. VD. Viet ngay thang nam tren Excel: ="HCM, ngay "&DAY(TODAY())&"thang "&MONTH(TODAY())&"nam "&YEAR(TODAY()) Ket qua: HCM, ngay 23thang 9nam 2007 6.6 MINUTE / =minute (serial_number) Tra ve phut ng vi serial_number. 6.7 SECOND / =second(serial_number) Tra ve giay ng vi serial_number. (serial_number la tr so tuan t ngay-gi hay chuoi dang gi) VD. =second(2:30:15 PM) =>15 BAI: C S D LIEU 1. C S D LIEU (CSDL) CSDL la tap hp cac d lieu c lu tr tren a theo mot cau truc nhat nh dung lam d lieu tnh toan. Tren bang tnh Excel, CSDL la mot khoi o gom

* Hang au: dung e cha ten cac vung tin (field name) cua CSDL * Cac hang ke can: dung e cha cac mau tin (record) cua CSDL. Vung tin (field): n v c s trong CSDL dung e cha cac thong tin lien quan theo mot kieu nhat nh cac cot rieng biet. Ten vung tin (field name): * La ten mo ta vung tin at hang au cua moi vung tin. * Ten vung tin phai la kieu chuoi (khong dung so, cong thc, toa o o) Nen at ten gon va de nh, toi a 255 ky t va khong c trung ten. Mau tin (record): tap hp cac vung tin co lien quan vi nhau trong cung mot hang. 2. Sap xep th t (Sort)CSDL: Dung chc nang tren thanh cong cu Bam nut Acsending/Decsending: sap theo gia tr tang dan, giam dan Dung menu Chon menu Data/sort 3. Tm kiem va rut trch (Filter) Dung chc nang AutoFilter. Chon vung CSDL Chon menu Data / Filter / AutoFilter bam vao nut cua vung tin muon at ieu kien rut trch. Khi o cac mau tin thoa ieu kien loc se hien ra trong vung CSDL Muon bo che o AutoFilter, chon Data / Filter / AutoFilter. 4. Dung chc nang Advanced Filter(loc vi nhieu ieu kien phc tap hn) Bc 1: tao vung ieu kien (Criteria range) Bc 2: trch d lieu theo ieu kien loc * Chon vung CSDL * Chon Data / Filter / Advanced Filter. Qui c ve cach ghi ieu kien: Nhap tat ca ieu kien VA tren cung mot hang. Nhap tat ca ieu kien HOAC tren nhieu hang khac nhau. VD. Cho CSDL A B C D E F 1 Ho lot Ten LCB NLV Lng Phu cap 2 Nguyen Van Nam 330 22 7,260 3,000 3 Nguyen Th Mi 350 25 8,750 3,500 4 Tran Minh Man 400 25 10,000 3,000 5 Lu Minh Ly 300 22 6,600 3,000 6 Nguyen Th Thu 350 20 7,000 3,000 ieu kien n: ieu kien chnh xac: VD. Tm nhan vien co lng c ban la 300

LCB 300 ieu kien khong chnh xac: - D lieu kieu chuoi: dung ky t ai dien (?,*) - Kieu so, ngay, gi: dung toan t so sanh. - VD. Tm nhan vien ho Nguyen. Ho lot Nguye n* VD. Tm nhan vien co lng c ban 300 tr len LCB >=300 ieu kien kieu cong thc - Trong vung ieu kien, tao them mot vung tin co ten khac vi ten cac vung tin CSDL - Nhap dau =, nhap a ch cua cac mau tin au tien cua CSDL, sau o nhap cac toan t so sanh va cac gia tr so hay ngay gi dung e at ieu kien. - VD. Tm nhan vien co thc lanh ln hn 1000. trong o thc lanh = lng c ban+phu cap. Cach thc hien: - Tao vung tin ten la thc lanh trong vung ieu kien. - Nhap ieu kien sau: =(E2+F2)>1000 - Tr the hien la TRUE hoac FALSE tuy thuoc vao d kien cua mau tin au tien trong CSDL. Thc lanh TRUE ieu kien hon hp: Cung mot vung tin VD. Tm cac nhan vien NLV>=22 va NLV<=25 NLV NVL >=22 <=25 VD. Tm nhan vien ho Nguyen hoac ho Tran Ho lot Nguye n* Tran* Khac vung tin VD. Ho lot Nguye n* VD. Tm cac nhan vien ho Nguyen va LCB>300 LCB >300 Tm nhan vien co LCB>300 hoac NLV>22

LCB >300

NLV >22

Note: Tra lai trang thai ban au chon Data/ Filter / Show all. VD2. Trch loc so n hang cua cong ty VAFACO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 B khach hang VAFACO IMEX VAFACO VIM IMEX VAFACO IMEX VIM IMEX C D ten vt hang Sa lon Gao kg Ru ca phe sa Gao Ru sa Gao chai kg lon kg chai lon kg E so lng 500 600 200 300 100 200 700 300 500 F gia 8,000 10,000 30,000 60,000 8,000 10,000 30,000 8,000 10,000 G T.tien 4,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 18,000,000 800,000 2,000,000 21,000,000 2,400,000 5,000,000 H I

khach hang VAFACO

Bc 1: tao vung ieu kien (Criteria range = I4:I5) Bc 2: trch d lieu theo ieu kien loc * Chon vung CSDL(B2:G11) * Chon Data / Filter / Advanced Filter.

Ket qua:
1 2 3 5 8 B khach hang VAFACO VAFACO VAFACO C D ten vt hang Sa lon Ru chai Gao kg E so lng 500 200 200 F gia 8,000 30,000 10,000 G T.tien H I

4,000,000 6,000,000 VAFACO 2,000,000

VD3. Trch loc tat ca cac n hang co so lng t 300 en 500

1 2 B khach hang C D E ten vt so hang lng F gia G T.tien H I J

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

VAFACO IMEX VAFACO VIM IMEX VAFACO IMEX VIM IMEX

Sa Gao Ru ca phe sa Gao Ru sa Gao

lon kg cha i kg lon kg cha i lon kg

500 600 200 300 100 200 700 300 500

8,000 10,000 30,000 60,000 8,000 10,000 30,000 8,000 10,000

4,000,000 6,000,000 khachh ang 6,000,000 VAFACO 18,000,000 so lng 2,000,000 >=300 21,000,000 2,400,000 5,000,000 800,000 so lng <=500

Bc 1: tao vung ieu kien (Criteria range = I7:J8) Bc 2: trch d lieu theo ieu kien loc * Chon vung CSDL(B2:G11) * Chon Data / Filter / Advanced Filter.

Ket qua:
1 2 3 6 10 11 B khach hang VAFACO VIM VIM IMEX C D E ten vt so hang lng Sa lon 500 ca phe sa Gao kg lon kg 300 300 500 F gia 8,000 G T.tien

4,000,00 0 60,000 18,000,00 0 8,000 2,400,00 0 10,000 5,000,00 0

5. Nhom ham trong CSDL (Function Database): Trong nhom ham ve CSDL, oi so thng la Database: vung cha CSDL (cac hang d lieu) Field: ten cot can tnh gia tr Criteria: vung cha ieu kien lay gia tr 5.1 DAVERAGE / =daverage (database, field, criteria) Tnh trung bnh cong gia tr cua cac mau tin (record) tren vung tin ch

nh field, trong CSDL (database) thoa ieu kien ghi trong vung criteria. VD1. =daverage (A1:A6,E1,D7:D8) tnh lng trung bnh cua nhan vien ho Nguyen Ngay 07/10/2007 VD2. 1 B C D E F G 2 ten vt so gia hang lng 3 Sa lon 500 8,000 criteri a 4 Gao kg 600 10,000 ten hang 5 Ru chai 200 30,000 Sa 6 ca kg 300 60,000 phe 7 sa lon 100 8,000 300 8 Gao kg 200 10,000 9 Ru chai 700 30,000 10 sa lon 300 8,000 11 Gao kg 500 10,000 G7 =DAVERAGE(B2:E11,D2,G4:G5) =>300 5.2 DMAX / =dmax(database, field, criteria) Tnh gia tr ln nhat cua cac mau tin (record) tren vung tin ch nh field trong CSDL database, thoa ieu kien ghi trong vung criteria VD1. =dmax(A1:A6,E1,D7:D8) tnh lng cao nhat cua nhan vien ho Nguyen Hay =dmax(A1:A6,lng,D7:D8) VD2. 1 B C D E F G 2 ten vt so gia hang lng 3 Sa lon 500 8000 criteri a 4 Gao kg 600 10000 ten hang 5 Ru chai 200 30000 Sa 6 ca kg 300 60000 phe 7 sa lon 100 8000 8 Gao kg 200 10000 500 9 Ru chai 700 30000 10 sa lon 300 8000 11 Gao kg 500 10000 G8 =DMAX(B2:E11,D2,G4:G5) =>500 5.3 DMIN / =dmin(database, field, criteria)

Tnh gia tr nho nhat cua cac mau tin (record) tren vung tin ch nh field trong CSDL database, thoa ieu kien ghi trong vung criteria VD1. =dmin(A1:A6,E1,D7:D8) tnh lng nho nhat cua nhan vien ho Nguyen VD2. 1 B C D E F G 2 ten vt so gia hang lng 3 Sa lon 500 8000 criteri a 4 Gao kg 600 10000 ten hang 5 Ru chai 200 30000 Sa 6 ca kg 300 60000 phe 7 sa lon 100 8000 8 Gao kg 200 10000 100 9 Ru chai 700 30000 10 sa lon 300 8000 11 Gao kg 500 10000 G8 = =DMIN(B2:E11,D2,G4:G5) =>100 5.4 DCOUNT / =dcount (database, field, criteria) em so o cha gia tr kieu so tren vung tin ch nh field trong CSDL database, thoa ieu kien ghi trong vung criteria VD. =dcount(A1:F6, C1, D7:D8): cho biet so nhan vien co LCB>300 VD2.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 B khach hang VAFACO IMEX VAFACO VIM IMEX VAFACO IMEX VIM IMEX C ten hang Sa Gao Ru ca phe sa Gao Ru sa Gao D vt lon kg chai kg lon kg chai lon kg E so lng 500 600 200 300 100 200 700 300 500 F gia 8,000 10,000 30,000 60,000 8,000 10,000 30,000 8,000 10,000 G T.tien 4,000,000 6,000,000 6,000,000 18,000,000 800,000 2,000,000 21,000,000 2,400,000 5,000,000 H I

khach hang VAFACO 3

I8 = =DCOUNT(B2:G11,E2,I4:I5) =>3 5.5 DCOUNTA / =dcounta(database, field, criteria) em so o cha gia tr khac rong tren vung tin ch nh field trong CSDL database, thoa ieu kien ghi trong vung criteria VD. =dcounta((A1:F6, A1, D7:D8): cho biet so nhan vien ho Nguyen co

trong cong ty 5.6 DSUM / =dsum(database, field, criteria) Tnh tong gia tr cac mau tin tren vung tin ch nh field trong CSDL database, thoa ieu kien ghi trong vung criteria CAC LOI KHI TNH TOAN Khi nhap cong thc hay ham khong ung cu phap, Excel se hien th thong bao loi sau: #DIV/0 trong cong thc co phep chia cho 0 #N/A gia tr khong dung c #NAME? trong cong thc hay ham co chuoi, ten vung ma Excel khong xac nh c #NUM! d lieu trong cong thc hay ham co loi sai #REF! cong thc tham chieu en a ch khong hp le #VALUE! toan hang hay toan t sai kieu #NULL! s dung toan t giao nhng gia hai mang lai khong co o giao nhau

BAI: O TH
Thanh phan cua mot o th: Cac ng bieu dien d kien (marker): minh hoa cho cac d kien dang so. Cac truc (axes): X (truc hoanh), Y (truc tung), V (truc xien) Tieu e o th (chart title): chuoi ky t gii thieu noi dung chnh cua o th. Cac tieu e truc X, truc Y (Axes labels): gii thieu noi dung cua truc X, Y . Hop chu thch (legend): cac chu thch ve cac ng bieu dien tren o th. Cac ng ke li (gridlines): gom cac ng ke ngang, doc tren o th e de dang xac nh gia tr tren ng bieu dien. Cac bc tao o th: Chon pham vi cha vung d lieu muon ve o th Menu Insert / Chart hoac click nut chart Wizard tren thanh cong cu Man hnh 1: chon dang o th

Man hnh 2: xac nh pham vi d lieu ve o th.

Man hnh 3 (trang titles) an nh cac tieu e o th truc X, truc Y . Trang Axes: an nh nhan cac truc. Category (X) axis: cach bieu dien nhan tren truc X. Value (Y) axis: hien th gia tr da vao so lieu. Trang grindline: quy nh cac ng ke li trong o th Trang legend: an nh cac chu thch trong o th.

c khng hiu g ht

Man hnh 4: xac nh v tr at o th

Nhan finish e ket thuc o th Chnh sa, nh dang o th

BAI: HAM VE TAI CHNH PMT

HAM PMT
Y NGHA: Ham PMT dung e xac nh so tien tra gop moi ky bao gom von cong lai. Cu phap: PMT(rate, Nper, Pv) a. rate: lai suat tra gop b. Nper: tong so ky tra gop c. Pv: so tien thieu Chu y: Ket qua cua ham PMT la so am the hien so tien phai tra. Lai suat rate phai tng ng vi ky tra gop

VD1. Mot cong ty a oc ban can ho vi phng thc tra gop nh sau: Tr gia can nha la 800 trieu ong. Ngi mua tra trc 30% Phan con lai tra eu trong 5 nam vi lai suat co nh hanh nam la 11%.

Ghi chu: tra eu tng ky bao gom von va lai. Tnh so tien tra gop : 1. So tien tra trc 30% = 800*30% = 240T 2. So tien con lai phai tra: 560T Nam 1: so von phai tra x1 : Nam 2: so von phai tra x2: Nam 3: so von phai tra x3 : Nam 4: so von phai tra x4 : Nam 5: so von phai tra x5 : Giai phng trnh 5 nghiem ieu nay phai giai rat kho, tuy nhien e giai bai toan nay dung ham PMT trong Ecxel. x1+(560*11%) x2+(560-x1)*11% x3+(560-x1-x2)*11% x4+(560-x1-x2-x3)*11% x5+(560-x1-x2-x3-x4)*11%

Vi x1=x2=x3=x4=x5 (tng ky phai tra phai eu nhau)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

B Tr gia can nha Ty le tra trc So tien vay Thi gian vay Lai suat vay /nam So tien phai tra hang nam

C 800 30% 560 5 11% -$151.52

C4 = C2-(C2*C3) => 560T C7 = PMT(C6,C5,C4) =>151.52T

HAM PPMT
Y NGHA: Ham PPMT dung e xac nh phan von phai tra moi ky Cu phap: PPMT(rate,per,Nper,Pv) a. rate: lai suat tra gop b. per: so th t cua ky tra gop c. Nper: tong so ky tra gop d. Pv: so tien thieu Chu y: Ket qua cua ham PPMT la so am the hien so tien phai tra. Lai suat rate phai tng ng vi ky tra gop

HAM IPMT
Y NGHA: ham IPMT dung e xac nh phan lai phai tra trong moi ky Cu phap: IPMT(rate,per,Nper,Pv) a. rate: lai suat tra gop b. per: so th t cua ky tra gop c. Nper: tong so ky tra gop d. Pv: so tien thieu Chu y:

Ket qua cua ham PPMT la so am the hien so tien phai tra. Lai suat rate phai tng ng vi ky tra gop

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

B C So von vi lai tra hang nam Nam Tra von 1 2 3 4 5 -$89.92 -$99.81 -$110.79 -$122.98 -$136.50

D Tra lai -$61.60 -$51.71 -$40.73 -$28.54 -$15.02

Tong cong -$151.52 -$151.52 -$151.52 -$151.52 -$151.52

C11 = PPMT($C$6,B11,$C$5,$C$4) =>89.92 D11 = IPMT($C$6,B11,$C$5,$C$4) => 61.60 Lam bang cu chng
2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 J 2 K 3 L 4 M 5 N 6 O 7 P 8 Q 9

Trc het tnh gia tr tai I26 = I25*J25 =>0 Sau o quet khoi het bang (I26: Q34)va vao Data/Table:

OK - Ket qua:
2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 I 0 2 J 2 4 K 3 6 L 4 8 M 5 10 N 6 12 O 7 14 P 8 16 Q 9 18

2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

6 8 10 12 14 16 18

9 12 15 18 21 24 27

12 16 20 24 28 32 36

15 20 25 30 35 40 45

18 24 30 36 42 48 54

21 28 35 42 49 56 63

24 32 40 48 56 64 72

27 36 45 54 63 72 81

VD2. Ngan hang Citibank co lai suat tien gi hang thang la 0.5% Lai tien gi khong rut se c nhap vao von. Khach hang A gi 2400USD Khach hang B gi vao au ky 1200USD moi thang gi bo sung 50USD Khach hang C moi thang gi 100USD Yeu cau: Hay xac nh so tien nhan c sau 2 nam cua khach hang, c bet trong thi gian gi cac khach hang khong rut tien lai va c nhap von. Cach tnh thong thng

0.50% KH A KH B KH C 2,400.00 1,200.00 0 1 2,412.00 50.00 1,256.00 100.00 100.00 2 2,424.06 50.00 1,312.28 100.00 200.50 3 2,436.18 50.00 1,368.84 100.00 301.50 24 2,705.18 50.00 2,624.19 100.00 2,543.20
HAM FV (Future Value) Y NGHA: Tnh gia tr tng lai nhan c ng vi so tien hien tai chi ra cho mot khoan au t. Cu phap: FV(rate,Nper,Pmt,Pv,Type) a. rate: lai suat b. Nper: so ky gi (au t) c. Pmt: so tien gi moi ky, so tien nay phai eu nhau, neu khong gi th oi so nay bang 0. d. Pv: so tien gi ban au e. Type: 0 (lai suat tnh cuoi ky mac nhien) va 1 (lai suat tnh au ky)

29 30 32

B Lai suat thang (rate) So thang gi (Nper ) B

C 0.50% 24.00 C D E

33 34 35 36

So tien gi hien tai (Pv) So tien gi bo sung trong ky(Pmt) So tien nhan c sau 2 nam

KH A 2,400.00 -$2,705.18

KH B KH C 1,200.0 0 50.00 100.00 - -$2,543.20 $2,624.19

C36 =FV(C29,C30,C35,C34,0) D36 =FV(C29,C30,D35,D34,0) E36 =FV(C29,C30,E35,E34,0) VD3. Mot nha au t hien co 350 trieu ong, neu gi ngan hang th lai suat hien tai la 9%/nam. Tuy nhien hien nay co 2 phng an au t khac nhau: PA1: gi ngan hang 4 nam PA2: Hun von au t d an nuoi tom hum, sau 4 nam se thu c 600 trieu ong. PA3: Hun von d an nuoi ga, moi nam c chia 120 trieu. Ngoai ra en nam th 4 khi thanh ly trai ga se nhan c them 100 trieu ong. Tnh gia tr tien d kien trong tng lai quy ve hien tai. HAM PV (Present Value) Y NGHA: Tnh gia tr hien tai cua mot so tien nhan c mot thi iem trong tng lai. Cu phap: PV(rate,Nper,Pmt, Fv,Type) a. rate: lai suat moi ky b. Nper: so ky gi (au t) c. Pmt: so tien gi moi ky, so tien nay phai eu nhau, neu khong gi th oi so nay bang 0. d. Pv: so tien d kien nhan c ky tng lai quy ve hien tai. e. Type: 0 (lai suat tnh cuoi ky mac nhien) va 1 (lai suat tnh au ky)

B Lai suat nam (rate) So tien d kien au t(trieu ) 4 So tien nhan sau 4 nam (trieu ) 5 B 6 Nam 7 So tien nhan PA 1 8 Quy ve hien tai (PA-1) 9 So tien nhan PA-2 10 Quy ve hien tai (PA-2)
F8 = PV(C2,F6,0,F7,0)

1 2 3

C 9% 380 536.40 =FV(C2,F6,0,C3,0) C 1 D 2 E 3 F G

4 TC 600 600 -$425.06 120 120 120 220 580 - -$101.00 -$92.66 -$155.85 $110.09 $459.61

C10 = PV($C$2,C6,0,C9,0) G10 = SUM(C10:F10)

BAI TOAN IEM HOA VON

1. Gii thieu: Trong hoat ong san xuat kinh doanh, cau hoi thng
at ra la san xuat hay ban bao nhieu san pham e can bang gia thu nhap va chi ph. Ngha la khi o doanh nghiep c hoa von. Di ay la tom tat ly thuyet. So lieu can co F: nh ph (chi ph co nh cho san xuat) v: bien ph n v (chi ph bien oi tren 1 n v san pham,khau hao tai san, khau hao may moc thiet b) r: gia ban n v (lng cong nhan, NVL san xuat) Bien Q. san lng (so lng san pham san xuat ra) Bien trung gian TC: Tong chi ph (nh ph+bien ph*san lng) DT: tong thu nhap (san lng ban ra * gia ban 1 n v) Ham muc tieu LN: li nhuan iem hoa von la iem ma tai o li nhuan bang 0 Cac phng trnh quan he: LN = DT-TC DT = r*Q TC = F + v*Q Cong thc tnh iem hoa von LN = DT-TC LN = r*Q-(F+v*Q) iem hoa von th LN=0 => r*Q (F+v*Q) = 0 => iem hoa von QBE = F / r-v e giai bai toan iem hoa von ta can: Xac nh d lieu, cac bien ham muc tieu va cac moi quan he gia cac bien. 2. Bai toan minh hoa: Bai toan co cac so lieu tnh toanh nh sau: nh ph la 5 trieu ong, gia ban san pham la 14.000ong va chi ph e san xuat mot n v san pham la 6.000. Xac nh iem hoa von va ve o th. Bai nay se gii thieu hai cach giai (dung tap tin bai 4-1) Tnh iem hoa von Cach 1: Dung cong thc tnh iem hoa von

Cong thc tnh iem hoa von la Q BE = Ta co: F=5.000.000 r = 14.000 v=6.000 Thay vao cong thc ta co Q=625 n v Cach 2: Dung trong Goal Seek

F r v

B1. Lap bai toan tren Excel, nhap cac bien, thiet lap ham muc tieu va cac quan he nh hnh 4.1

1 B C D E F G H 2 Bai toan iem hoa von 3 Cho cac so lieu nh bang sau, tm iem hoa von 4 F 5,000,000 > nh ph 5 p 14,000 > Gia ban mot n v (gia nh la khong oi) 6 v 6,000 > Bien ph n v 7 8 San lng (Q) 100 cho san lng so lieu khi au tuy y 9 nh ph (F) 5,000,000 B9=$B$4 10 Bien ph (v*Q) 600,000 B10=$B$6*B8 11 Tong 5,600,000 B11=B9+B10 ph(F+v*Q) 12 Doanh thu (p*Q) 1,400,000 B12=B8*$B$5 13 Li nhuan 4,200,000 B13=B12-B11
Vi san lng t cho trc Q=100 Nh vay lam the nao li nhuan = 0 (iem hoa von) Ta e con tro vao o li nhuan can tnh, sau o chon Tools / Goal Seek

Tools/Goal Seek Set cell: muc tieu To value: g.tr ham m.tieu can at en By changing cell: a ch o chc ai lng tang giam

Ve o th iem hoa von B1. Lap bang so lieu can thiet cho ve o th. T lap cac gia tr trong vung B15:H25 Lap cong thc cho cac o B6:H20 theo cac quan he trnh bay phan tom tat ly thuyet va xem phan ghi chu trong hnh 4.3 B C D E F 15 San 100 300 500 700 lng 16 nh ph 5,000,000 5,000,000 5,000,00 5,000,000
0 0 5,600,000 1,400,000 4,200,000 6,800,000 0 4,200,000 0 2,600,000 1,000,000 600,000 2,200,000 7,000,00 9,800,000 12,600,000 8,000,00 9,200,000 10,400,000 17 18

G
900 5,000,000 5,400,000

H
1100 5,000,000 0 6,600,000

I
1300 5,000,00

Bien ph

600,000

1,800,000

3,000,00

4,200,000

Tong ph 19 Doanh thu 20 Li nhuan 21 Ghi chu:

22 23 24 25 26

7,800,00 0 11,600,000 12,800,00 0 15,400,000 18,200,00 0 3,800,000 0 5,400,00

San lng nh ph Bien ph Tong ph Doanh thu Li nhuan

Nhap vao cac gia tr san lng sau o lap cac cong thc tnh toan bien ph
F v*Q F+v*Q p*Q LN=(p*Q)-(F+v*Q)

3. HAM NPV VA IRR Ham NPV

Y ngha: Ham NPV se quy mot day gia tr cac nam tng lai ve hien tai theo ty so chiet khau a nh, sau o cong cac gia tr nay lai. Cu phap: NPV (rate, value 1, value 2,) a. rate: chi ph s dung tien hay t suat chiet khau, thong thng o chnh la lai suat ngan hang.

b. value 1, value 2la cac khoan tien thu c theo tng ky cua vong i d an. Chu y: - Cac gia tr value phai tnh theo tng ky nhat nh, thng la tng nam. Ty suat rate phai co chu ky tnh ong nhat vi chu ky cua value. - NPV cua d an c tnh theo cong thc: NPV
d an

= von au t (nam 0) + ham NPV

Ham IRR. Y ngha: ham IRR dung e tnh IRR cua mot dong tien Cu phap: IRR (values) Values: la ay cha gia tr thu c qua cac ky, no tng ng vi day value 1, value 2,trong viec tnh NPV. VD. Cong ty CP My Tan au t mot d an che bien thc an gia suc vi vong i d an la 5 nam trong o chi ph au t ban au la 15.000 trieu ong, thu rong trong 5 nam cua d an the hien theo bang di. Yeu cau tnh NPV va IRR cua d an. NPV: gia thuan (tong doanh thu cua d an tnh quay ve hien tai- NPV cang ln th au t) IRR: ty suat sinh li cua d an (t suat tnh toan cao hn ty suat d oan th cang tot tnh t suat cua NH e tnh)

1 B 2 Ty suat chiet khau 3 4 Von au t 5 Khoan thu 6 Dong can oi 7 NPV 8 IRR

C D 12%

Nam 0 Nam Nam 2 Nam 3 Nam 4 Nam 5 1 15,000 2,500 4,000 5,500 6,500 4,500 2,500 4,000 5,500 6,500 4,500 15,000 1,020 =C6+NPV(C2,D6:H6) 14% =IRR(C6:H6)

4. D an san xuat gach chu nhiet Tnh NPV va IRR cua d an Thong tin ve d an

a. au t xay dng nha may ban t ong san xuat gach manhezi va gach
cao nhom la loai gach chu nhiet tren 18250, nhieu kch ss dung e xay lo luyen can thep, luyen ciment, luyen thuy tinh, thay the gach nhap khau (chu yeu t TQ).

b. Cong suat d kien cua nha may la 2.000tan /nam, cong suat toi a la
2.500 tan/nam

c. Mc au t va nguon von cua d an

STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

TRANG THIET B May ep 4000 tan May nghien truc May tron va nghien keo Lo say + may phun lo Thiet b ien May vi tnh Cong cu khuon+can May ep 1500 tan(Korea) Xe nang Xay dng lo nung 25 tan Chi ph lap at chuyen giao Bnh trung the va he thong ien 3P Tong cong Von au t thiet b Von au t nha xng Tong von au t

TR GIA 650,000,000 210,000,000 38,000,000 92,000,000 40,000,000 24,000,000 121,000,000 1,210,000,000 90,000,000 950,000,000 70,000,000 224,000,000 3,719,000,000 3,719,000,000 2,300,000,000 6,019,000,000

Nguon von au t toan bo la von cua chu d an d.Chi ph san xuat Chi ph bien ong cho 1 tan gach thanh pham Chi ph nguyen vat lieu 920,000 Chi ph nhan cong trc tiep 348,000 Chi ph phan xng 200,000 Chi ph khac 150,000 Tong cong 1,618,000 - Chi ph co nh ve quan ly trong 1 nam la 350 trieu ong phuc vu cho viec san xuat t 1600~2500 tan/nam). Chi ph nay cha tnh chi ph khau hao. - Khau hao thiet b trong thi gian 5 nam. Khau hao nha xng trong thi han 7 nam. Doanh thu - Cong suat san xuat va tieu thu d kien la 2000 tan/ nam trong o nam th nhat at 80% d kien, nam th 2 at 90% d kien. T nam th 3 tr i at 100% d kien. - Gia ban c tnh la 2.900.000 ong /tan. - Thue li tc 28% li nhuan. Yeu cau: - Hay tnh NPV va IRR cua d an. Ty suat chiet khau dung e tnh NPV la 12%. - Vi gia ban bao nhieu th at hoa von au t (li nhuan = 0)

- Trng hp san lng tieu thu dao ong t 1700 tan ~ 2300 tan / nam va gia ban dao ong t 2,6 trieu~3,2 trieu/tan. Hay tnh o nhay cua NPV va IRR. Qua o rut ra nhan xet moi quan he gia doanh thu va ch ph.

TONG HP D LIEU VA PIVOT TABLE Cong vu Pivot Table rat tien li cho viec tong hp Cac bc tao Pivot Table B1. Chon t thc n Data/PivotTable and Pivot Chart Wizard e m trnh hng dan tng bc tao bang tong hp. B2. Chon nguon d lieu : co 4 loai (xem hnh 3.3) Mocrosoft Excel list or database: nguon d lieu la mot danh sach trong Excel. External data source: nguon d lieu ngoai Excel . thong thng la cac c s d lieu cha trong ODBC cua may cuc bo. Multiple consolidation ranges: nguon d lieu la nhieu danh sach tai mot hoac nhieu worksheet trong Excel. Chon nguon d lieu t mott PivotTable hay mot Pivor chart khac. B3. Trong bai nay minh hoa chon nguon d lieu la Microsoft Excel list or database. Nhap nut next. B4 Chon vung B5. Chon ni cha PivotTable la new worksheet (chon worksheet mi cha ket qua) sau o nhap nut Finish. B6. Keo tha cac trng t danh sach PivotTable Field List vao v tr phu hp Keo tha thang vao vung row field Keo tha cac d lieu con lai vao Data Iterms. B7. Nhom month thanh cac quy nam chon o month vao thc n Data / Group anh Outline / Group Chon ca 3 loai la Months, Quarters, Years. Nhap OK e chap nhan.