PHN I.

M U
Bia l loi nc gii kht mt b, c cn thp, c bt mn xp, c hng v
c trng, giu dinh dng. Ngoi vic cung cp 1 lng calo ln trong bia
,cn cha mt phc h enzim c tc dng kch thch tiu ho.
T nhng nguyn liu chnh malt i mch , hoa houblon v nc to cho
bia hng thm c trng , v ng lp bt trng mn hm lng CO 2 bo ho
c tc dng gim bt cn kht.
V vy n c s dng rng ri hu ht cc quc gia trn th gii Vi sn
lng ngy cng tng .con ngi bit ch bin v s dng sn phm ny khong
7000 nm
Qu trnh pht trin ca bia c chia lm 2 thi k,cng ngh khng ngng
i mi v thit b ngy cng tn tin
*Qu trnh trc pasteur
Qu trnh pht trin ch yu ngnh bia l theo kinh nghim
T bc khi u th dn cc b lc dng ht i mch hoc k rang ln
ri nghin nh nu chn sau em lm thc n cho gia sc . T y con
ngi pht hin trong sn phm ny rt c trng, hng v ngon v lm sn
phm cho ngi c gi l bia nc ung v c lu truyn n by gi
Bia lc u c ch bin th s hay i mch sau nghin nh v nu chn
tip ngm vo nc , nu nc ngm tin hnh ln men t do v qu
trnh ln men ru vi cc qu trnh sinh ho di s tc ng ca vsv ngi ta
thu c mt th nc ung hi chua c nhiu bt . Khi ung vo c th con
ngi cm thy kch thch d chu ,sau bit s dng malt i mch ch
bin nc ung . Dn dn h bit dng hng thm c di to hng thm
cho loi nc ung trn .
Con ngi khng ngng tm ti b xung cho cht lng ca bia v ti y
h tm c hoa houblon cch y 3000 nm trc cng nguyn . T khi bit
ch bin v s dng hoa houblon k thut c nng ln mt bc . nhng

thnh ph ln v nhng ni bun bn u c cc c s sn xut bia , c bit l

cc nc chu u s pht trin ny rt nhanh vi nguyn liu c nh .
Bia = matl i mch + hoa houblon + nc
*Giai on sau pasteur
Vo th k 19 nh pht minh v knh phng i ngi ta tm ti pht hin v
nghin cu nm men , ng k o dch ng . pasteur nhn thy tc nhn
chnh gy men l vi sinh vt . cng chnh nh s pht hin ny m thc y
ngnh bia theo mt bc pht trin mi
Sau mt thi gian di nghin cu pasteur khng nh, nm men l vi sinh
vt duy nht m hot ng ca chng lm ln qu trnh ln men bia. n cui
th k mt s nh khoa hc c v Nga mi chng minh c rng mt s
nm men sn sinh ra enzim chuyn ho ng thnh ru v CO2 l hai
thnh phn quan trng ca bia t ch ln men theo t nhin con ngi dng
kin thc khoa hc can thip vo qu trnh ln men . ng dng iu chnh nhit
thch hp gim ti a mc nh hng ca iu kin t nhin vi qui m
cng nghip . Tng sn lng bia th gii hin nay gn 100 t lt/ nm . Trong
chu u chim 40%, bc m chim 25%. Cn li phn b cc nc chu
Phi, Nam M v Chu .
Tnh bnh qun theo u ngi khu vc chu u 150-200 lt/ngi/nm . khu
vc ng nam 20-50 lt/ngi/nm. i vi nc ta nghnh bia l mt nghnh
mi ch pht trin mnh hai thp k gn y. Do hng trm nm nc ta b
thc dn php h sau lin tc xy ra chin tranh chng gic ngoi xm .
v vy nn cng nghip ni chung pht trin chm so vi nc khc v nghnh
cng ngh sn xut bia ru cng b nh hng ln . Trong nhng nm gn y
ngnh bia cng c ng v nh nc ta ch trng ln c chiu hng
pht trin . n nay tng sn lng bia ca nc ta khong l kh ln, nh my
bia Hi Phng Thanh Ha, Khnh Ho, Vinh ngoi ra cn c cc nh my
nh v va cc thnh ph v cc tnh khc nh bia Nng, bia Khnh
Ho. Ngoi ra cn c mt s bia vn u t nc ngoi nh Tiger, Halida,
Nada... Bnh qun mi u ngi nc ta khong 8-10 lt/ngi/nm . Do vy
2

nhu cu bia nc ta l rt ln nht l vo ma nng oi bc nhu cu gii kht

cng ln cao .
Malt i mch l nguyn liu chnh, trong sn xut bia . Hng nm chng ta
vn phi nhp khu hng triu tn malt ca nc ngoi . Do vic ng dng
enzim tng t l nguyn liu go thay th malt l hp l .
Thnh ph Hi Dng l ni c nhiu tim nng pht trin v tp trung dn c
ng c . Hin nay thnh ph Hi Dng c nh my bia Hi Dng t trc
ti nay rt c a chung, Xung quanh thnh ph tuy c kh nhiu xng bia
t nhn nhng nhu cu v bia trn th trng Hi Dng l vn cn rt ln v
bi v cc nh my u sn xut theo quy m nh, nng sut cn thp cha p
ng nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng. Vic xy dng thm mt nh my bia l
hp l . Nu xy dng by gi s c nhiu thun li, v thnh ph Hi Dng l
mt thnh ph tr tp trung ng dn c v ang trn pht trin thu ht s
u t trong nc v nc ngoi . To iu kin cnh tranh gip thc y
nghnh cng nghip sn xut bia trong nc. T Hi Dng mi hng giao
thng u thun tin (ng thu, ng b, ng st...)

PHN II. LP LUN KINH T .

1.a im xy dng
y l mt nh my bia sn xut bia c gi tr ph hp vi ti tin ca a s
ngi tiu dng nn nh my phi p dng sao cho hp l.
a im xy dng .
Nh my c xy dng cnh tuyn ng quc l 5A (chy qua thnh ph Hi
Dng). Thnh ph Hi Dng l mt trong nhng trung tm vn ho ca tnh
Hi Dng cng nh ca Min Bc nm trong tam gic kinh t H Hi, Hi
Phng , Qung Ninh . nn vic bun bn kinh t v vn chuyn hng ho rt
thun tin .
Nhng nm gn y c nhng bc chuyn ho c th.
- Nhp tng trng kinh t nhanh .
- Mt phn b kinh t ng.
- C ngun lao ng di do , trnh dn tr v nhu cu v i sng tng
i cao .
- Nhu cu ngi tiu dng ln vi iu kin giao thng thun tin p ng
vic vn chuyn v tiu th sn phm .
2. Ngun cung cp nguyn liu .
- Nguyn liu chnh malt i mch v hoa houblon phi nhp t cc nc c
, Cng Ho Sec , an Mch , Php, c , ch yu l c theo con ng thng
mi v vn chuyn v nh my theo ng b , ng thu , v ng st
u rt thun li , my mc, thit b vt liu xy dng cng c vn chuyn
d dng vi h thng giao thng trn .
4

+Nguyn liu thay th l go , c sn trong nc mua ti cc vng nng thn

+ Men ging: s dng nm men sachromyces carlsbergensis c hun luyn
v thun ho ln men nhit cao .
+Ngun cung cp ging mua ti cc vin nghin cu sau ta nui v nhn
ging ln.
3-Tiu th sn phm .
Sn phm i vi bia hi cng gn ni tiu th cng tt . y ta ch yu
phc v cho nhn dn trong tnh v vng ln cn c nhu cu. Nh my c m
i l gii thiu sn phm v o to mt i ng maketting gii thiu sn
phm n tn tay ngi tiu dng. Cc sn phm ph c bn cho b con nng
dn quanh vng chn nui.
4.Ngun cung cp in nc
+Ngun in
S dng ngun in li thnh ph . Trong nh my c t thm mt bin
th v hai my pht phng s c mt in . Trong nh my c xy dng h
thng l hi cp nhit
+ Ngun nc
Trong sn xut bia nc l mt trong nhng nguyn liu rt quan trng i hi
cht lng cao. Hin ti nh my s s dng ngun nc cung cp cho Thnh
ph, ng thi nh my c xy dng b nc d ch v khoan thm ging
nc ngm. V c h thng x l nc thu c nc t yu cu cng ngh
sn xut bia.
5. Giao thng i li
5

m bo thun tin . Tuyn ng quc l 5A c hon thnh v a vo

s dng t nm 1997, m bo tiu chun quc t m bo vic nhp nguyn
liu v cung cp sn phm c gim chi ph ti a.
Bn cnh l tip gip vi tnh Hi Phng c Cng Hi Phng ( L mt
trong nhng cng ln nht Min Bc). Do giao thng ng thu cng rt
thun tin. T y ta c th vn chuyn nghuyn liu bng ng thu t nc
ngoi v mt cch d dng.
6. Kh nng cung cp lao ng
Hin nay ngun lao ng , nhn cng ht sc di do ang c nhu cu bc sc
v vic lm . V vy xy dng nh my cng l p ng mt s lng ln v nhu
cu vic lm cho cng nhn lao ng . Bn cnh nh my s c mt i ng
hng dn nng cao tay ngh cho anh ch em cng nhn , to cho h nm vng
qui trnh cng ngh v sn sng hot ng khi nh my i vo hot ng .
7.Hp tc ho gia cc x nghip
a im nh my tng i gn vi cc x nghip, khu cng nghip, cc khu du
lch nn vic hp tc lm n, tiu th sn phm kh thun li.
8. Mi trng
m bo kh gio sch s mi trng khng b nhim m bo n cht
lng ca nh my. sc kho ca cng nhn phi m bo . C h thng s l
kh l, cht thi , nc thi.
9. c im kh hu, a hnh

Kh hu ca thnh ph quanh nm tng i n nh.Thun li cho vic sn

xut v v sinh thit b vi lng nc n nh .Khng b ng nc, khng
b bo lt hay ng t gy ln .
PHN III.THUYT MINH V CHN QUI TRNH CNG NGH
A.nguyn liu cho qu trnh sn xut.
Nguyn liu chnh cho qu trnh sn xut l malt i mch ,go , nc v hoa
houblon.
1-Malt i mch.
Malt i mch l nguyn liu chnh sn xut cc loi bia. Qu trnh quan
trng nht m qua ht i mch tr thnh ht malt l s ny mm .To iu
kin thch hp v nhit , m ca mi trng cho phi pht trin, h enzim
trong ht i mch gii phng khi trng thi lin kt tr thnh trng thi t do .
h enzim (amylaza , protera , sitara,...ny s l ng lc ch yu phn ct cc
hp cht protit v gluxit cao phn t trong ni nh ca ht thnh nhng sn
phm thp phn t ( ch yu l ng n gin . Dextin loi thp , axit amin ,
albumoza pepton v nhiu cht khc ho tan bn vng vo nc tr thnh
cht chit ca dch ng. Sau qu trnh ny mm em sy kh tch r , lm
sch ta c malt phc v ch yu cho nghnh sn xut bia .
Malt i mch dng sn xut bia ch tiu nh sau .
* Ch tiu cm quan .
- C mu vng sng , c mi thm nh c trng , khng c mi v l.
- Khng b mi mt, khng b mc .
- Khng ln tp cht, ht khng b v , b bnh .
- Ht my u khi nhm c v ngt .
- Ch tiu ho l
- m : 6-8%
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- ho tan : 65-75%
-

Tinh bt : 56-58%

- Protit : 8-10%
- Hemixenlluloza : 6-9%
- Polyphenol: 5-8%
- Cc cht khong, cht tro : 2,5%
- Cc cht hu c :5-6%
-

Hot lc amilaza 200-250 wk (wildish kolback)

* Ch tiu c hc .
Dung trng : 530-600 g/lt
Trng lng tuyt i l trng lng ca 1000 ht malt t 28-38 g/1000 ht
(theo trng lng )
kch thc ht : ng knh ht : 2,5-2,8m m .
2. Hoa houblon :
Hoa houblon l nguyn liu c bn ,ng th hai trong cng ngh sn xut bia .
Hoa houblon lm cho bia c v ng du hng thm rt c trng lm tng kh
nng to v gi bt , lm tng bn keo v n nh thnh phn sinh hc ca
sn phm . Hoa houblon c ba loi sau :
LoI I . mu vng n mu vng ng
LoI II . mu vng lc
Loai III . c mu xanh vng n vng
*cc ch tiu ho hc :
m : 10-12%
Tinh du thm : 0,5-1%
Cht ng : 15-21%
Cht cht : 2,5-6%
Cc cht c nit : 10-21%
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Xenllulo : 12-14%
Nhng cht kh tan khng c nit : 26-28%
Cht ng : l thnh phn thit yu v c trng nht ca hoa houblon gm
c hai nhm axit ng v nha ng (do cc qu trnh bin i ca axit ng
to ra . trung bnh trong hoa houblon 16-19% ( axit ng 9-11% , nha ng
7-8% )
Humulon v cc ng phn ca n ( cohumulon, adhumulon ) to ra 85-95%

cht ng trong bia , n c v ng mnh . hot ng b mt rt ln ( to

bt v gi bt ) v tnh khng sinh mnh (ho tan trong nc nhit nng
chy 65oc ) .Ngoi ra cn c lupulon (v ng phn ca n , c v ng km
humulon nhng tnh khng sinh mnh hn ( nhit nng chy 92oc t ho
tan trong nc )
Tinh du : c dng nc trong , vng snh v c mi thm rt mnh . Khi
un si hoa a phn tinh du hoa bay hi v thnh phn tinh du b thay i ,
sn phm to thnh cng vi cc thnh phn khng bay hi ca tinh du to
ra mi thm d chu , c trng ca bia
Cht cht : c ngha ln trong vic lm kt ta cc protit km bn vng n
lm tng tnh n nh cho bia . Song nh vy n cng lm gim mt lng
ng k cc protit khc nn lm tng kh nng to bt cho bia .
3 .Go
V kh nng thay th malt i mch trong sn xut bia th go l loi ng cc
dng nhiu hn c . V go cha nhiu tinh bt , protein va phi , cht bo v
xelluloza th di dng thp trong qu trnh nu ta thu c nhiu cht ho tan
, vic khc vic s dng go lm nguyn liu thay th mt phn l gim gi
thnh sn phm m cht lng bia khng thua km so vi s dng ton b malt
i mch sn xut .
*Cc ch tiu nh gi cht lng ca go
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- Mu sc : trng c
- Mi : c mi c trng ca go , khng c mi mc , v l mi bao.
- ho tan : 80-90% .
- m: 12-14%.
- Cht bo : 1-1,5% .
- Protit : 7-8% .
- Cc cht khong : 1-1,2% .
- Xenllulo : 5-8% .
- Tinh bt : 70-75% .
4. Nc
Ta bit rng bia thnh phm hm lng nc chim 88-90% , hm lng cc
cht ho tan trong dch ng trc lc ln men l 10-12% . Nh vy l trong
bia thnh phm nc l ch yu vy nc c vai tr v cng quan trng n l
mt trong nguyn liu chnh sn xut bia .
Trong qu trnh sn xut bia ngoi vic cung cp cho cc khu sn xut nh
phi trn nguyn liu , h ho , ng ho , nc ra b . . . th nc s dng
mt lng ln cho vic v sinh thit b v nh xng . Thnh phn ho hc v
cht lng ca nc cn nh hng trc tip bia thnh phm . Do vic ci
to s l nc c thnh phn v tnh cht thch hp vi tng mc ch s
dng trong sn xut bia l iu cn thit . Nc dng trong sn xut bia phi c
cht lng cao hn nc ung hng ngy .
Nu nc c cha sinh vt l ,cc tp cht hu c th cht lng bia s thay i .
Trong bia s xut hin mi v l nh mi mc mi chua .
Cc loi mui ho tan trong nc cng gy nh hng khng t ti cht lng
ca bia .
Cc loi mui cacbonat c trong nc s ho tan cht ng trong v malt , lm
cho bia c v kh chu .
* Yu cu ca nc dng trong sn xut bia cn t ch tiu sau :
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- Mu sc : nc sch , trong , t hu c .
-

Mi : khng c mi v l khng cha cht gy mi nh H2S , Cl , NH3.

- cng tm thi < 7 mg ng lng /lt .

- cng vnh cu : 0,4-0,7 mg ng lng /lt .
- PH : 6,5-7,5 .
-

Hm lng mui CO3 : <50 mg/lt .

- Hm lng mui Mg : <100 mg/lt .

- Hm lng mui clo : 70-150 mg/lt .
-

Hm lng mui CaCO4 : 150-200 mg/lt .

- Hm lng mui Fe : < 0,3 mg/lt .

- Vi sinh vt <100 cm/lt .
- Cc kim loi lng: khng c .
- Vi sinh vt gy bnh : khng c .
-

Ecoli 2(2 t bo /lt )

Mt phn nc dng trong sn xut bia l v sinh nh xng . nc trong qu

trnh ny khng i hi phi c cht lng cao .
5- nm men :
Nm men dng sn xut bia l loi vi sinh vt n bo thuc chng
seccharomyces .
+ Ging nm men ni : seccharomyces cerevisiae .
+Ging nm men chm : seccharomyces carlsbezgensis .
- y ta s dng nm men seccharomyces carbsbezgensis c ngun gc
nc ngoi mua t vin cng ngh thc phm c hun luyn thch ng
ln men chm nhit cao 15-16%c nhm rt ngn thi gian sn xut bia
v ph hp vi yu cu cng ngh .
* Yu cu k thut :

11

+ Nm men phi c nhn ging t chng thun khit v mt i ln men

ging c th ng c 6-12 chu k ln men .
+ Vic nhn ging phi to iu kin ( nhit , PH , thnh phn mi trng
gn ging sn xut .
+ S lng men ging t nht phi t 10-12 triu TB / lt dch ln men .
6. Nhm cc cht ph gia :
L nhng cht c s dng dng nguyn liu ph t yu cu k thut
cn thit trong qu trnh sn xut bia .
Nhm ph gia dng s l nc : nhm ny c th dng cc ho cht

km mm nc phc v cho sn xut v ni hi . . . l cc mui Na 2CO3 ,

NaCl , Al2(SO4)3
Than hot tnh . . . axt lactic nhm ionit v c ( silicat t nhin volit ,

perimutit ) nhm ionit hu c ( simpho cacbon vofatit )

-

Nhm st trng nc v iu chnh PH : gm cc dung dch Cl , H 2SO4 ,

H3Po4
- Nhm ty ra st trng v sinh ng ng , thit b sn xut gm dung dch
axit , xt ngoi ra c th dng nc ty ra ship
- Nhm cc cht dng thu hi CO2 nh : NAOH , KMnO4 , Cl2 khan , than
hot tnh .
- Nhm cc cht chng oxy ho cho bia nh axit ascorbis H2O2 .
- Nhm cht tr lc : bt iatomid , kirlgua .

Thuyt minh dy truyn sn xut

I . Chn quy trnh cng ngh :

12

Cng on sn xut bia l qu trnh phc tp d c thc hin trn dy truyn

th cng hay tin tin th cng ngh sn xut u phi qua cc giai on ( cng
on) chnh sau :
1. Cng on nu :

c thc hin t phn xng nu l qu trnh bin i cc nguyn liu malt ,

go , nc hoa houblon thnh dch ng phc v cho qu trnh ln men sau
ny .
Hin nay c nhiu phng php nu v ng ho nguyn liu .
1.1 Phng php ng ho n gin

Qu trnh ca phng php ny l tin hnh ng ho trong cng mt thit b

vi thnh phn v nguyn liu l 100% malt tt.
-u im : thi gian nhanh thao tc n gin chi ph cho thit bi v nh xng
gim tn t hn
Nhc im : khng s c nguyn liu thay th cho nn gi thnh cao , thi
gian ng ho ngn nn cha tit .
1.2 Phng php un si mt ln :
phng php ny c tin hnh trong hai ni ( ni h ho v ni ng ho )
s dng nguyn liu thay th
-u im do c s dng c nguyn liu thay th nn gi thnh h tit kim
hn v thi gian ngn
-Nhc im : chi ph cho thit b v nh xng tng
1.3.Phng php un si 2 ln v 3 ln
c im ca phng php ny c tin hnh trong 2 ni v s dng nguyn
liu thay th
-u im : gi thnh h hiu sut thu hi cao
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Nhc im: tn hi, tn thi gian thao tc phc tp, chi ph thit b v nh
xng tng
V vy chn c phng php nu v ng ho c hiu qu thu hi c
cht ho tan cao. ng yu cu cng ngh rt ngn thi gian lm vic v rt
ngn chi ph thit b nh xng l iu quan trng .
Sau khi tham kho ti liu v ni thc tp ti chn cho nh my phng php
un si mt ln c s dng nguyn liu thay th 30% l go khng s dng ch
phm enzim , nhm gim chi ph sn xut m vn m bo c cht lng.
2-Cng on ln men :
y l qu trnh ln men ch ng houblon di tc dng ca nm men .
2.1 Chng nm men :
thun li cho cc qu trnh cng ngh ti chn nhng nm men chm
saccharomyces v ln men c nhit tng i cao ln men
ngn ngy . T bo hnh cu, ln men nng xung di y thit b
lm cho bia trong v d lc hn .
* c tnh u vic ca nm men ny trong sn xut bia l .
- c kh nng phn hu hon ton ng rafino ( glilato, melibio, disaccarit)
- kh nng kt nng tt .
- kh nng ln men nhanh do c hun luyn v thun ho , ln men chnh
nhit cao dn ti rt ngn thi gian ln men , cho nng sut cao ph hp
vi cng ngh sn xut bia ngn ngy c thun khit SH cao .
2.2 Phng php ln men :
Hin nay c nhiu phng php ln men tu thuc vo c im cng ngh v
tnh hnh thit b vo tng c s sn xut . Song d bng phng php no cng
i hi phi c hiu sut cao nht v hn ch s to thnh nhng sn phm ph
14

khng c li trong bia nh alehyt , diacetyl , du fusel . . . v c sn phm

ln men tt nht .
Sau y l mt s phng php
a. Ln men lin tc :

c im ca phng php ny l dch ng lin tc c a l ln men v

bia non lin tc c ly ra . Phng php ny c u im l thi gian ln men
ngn xong nhc im l cht lng khng m bo , chi ph gi thnh u t
thit b ln
b. Phng php ln men c in:

Phng php ny c s dng ph bin cc c s cha m bo v mt thit

b v c tin hnh trong phng lnh hoc hm lnh . thi gian ln men chnh
8-9 ngy ln men ph t 20 ngy -30 thng
- u im : cht lng m bo bia trong d lc
- Nhc im : thi gian ln men di , chi ph thit b v nh xng ln hao
tn v lnh nhiu.
c .Phng php ln men nhanh:
Phng php ny ang c s dng rng di nc ta . c im ca thit b
ny l ln men chnh v ln men ph trong cng mt thit b ln men chnh
trong vng t 5-7 ngy ln men ph t 8-10 ngy
u im : do ln men nhit cao ln tc ln men nhanh , quay vng sn
xut ln , chi ph v thit b v nh xng gim, t hao tn v lnh.
Nhc im :
Ln men nhit cao ln nhiu sn phm ph cha lng kt ln kh lc .
Vy ph hp vi iu kin hin nay ti chn phng php ln men gia tc,
m bo cc u im ca n l :
Ln men nhit cao nn tc ln men nhanh , vng quay sn xut ngn , t
tn hao v lnh gim tn tht bia . Ln men bng phng php ny vn m bo
15

cht lng , c bn vng keo v sinh hc cao , kh nng gi bt v to bt tt

hn, CO2 tha c thu hi ( c th 1,3-1,5 kg/hb dch ln men)
3.Phn xng hon thin :
c thc hin ti xng chit y l qu trnh hon thin bia hi , bia chai
( chit chai , chit bock , dn dn , xp kt ) theo ng yu cu k thut ri xut
xng . Thit b y hon ton t ng .
Trn c s nu ta chn dy truyn sn xut cho nh my bia theo s sau

QUY TRNH CNG NGH

16

GO

MALT

10% malt

NGHIN

NGHIN

ng ho

Nu chn
Ra b

Lc thu hi
dch ng

Hoa
houblon

un si vi hoa
blonhoublo
houblon
nB dng chn nui
Men ging

ging
Nhn ging

Lng trong

Lm lnh

Ln men chnh

Co2

Sa
men

Thu hi co2

Ln men ph
v tng tr
x l

Lc trong bia

B xung co2

Chit bock

Ra bock

Xut xng

bock

Bia hi

17

II . thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh sn xut .

1- houblon ho ) phn xng nu : ( ch bin dch ng

1.1 : Mc ch chnh ca cng on sn xut dch ng houblon ho l chuyn

cc hp cht cao phn t ( tinh bt , protein , hemixelluloza )khng ho tan
c trong malt , go thnh cc sn phm thp phn t , cng vi cc cht
thp phn t c sn trong nguyn liu ho tan vo nc . Ngoi ra cn mt
lng ln cht tan trong hoa houblon cng c ho tan vo dch ng nh
cht ng , tinh du thm , poly phenol nhm to hng v v c trng ca
bia sau ny .
1.2 : Nghin nguyn liu :
a : Nghin malt i mch .
Mc ch : L p nh ht thnh nhiu mnh tng b mt tip sc vi
nc , lm cho s xm nhp ca nc vo cc thnh phn ca ni nh nhanh
hn , thc y qu trnh ng ho v cc qu trnh thu phn khc nhanh v
trit hn .
Tin hnh : malt c cn theo tng m nu sau em malt i nghin . thit b
nghin malt l my nghin trc . y ta chn my nghin 6 trc 2 sng . my
nghin loi ny c cu to bi 3 cp trc phn b gia cc cp trc sng sng
phn loi mc nghin nh loi nghin to c iu chnh bi khong cch
18

gn hoc xa gia 3 cp trc . Mc nghin nh ca malt c vai tr v cng

quan trng v ht malt nghin nh th din tch chu nh hng ca enzim ln ,
to iu kin cho cc enzim thu phn hot ng nhanh rt ngn thi gian
ng ho . Tuy nhin nu nghin nh malt thnh bt ht th s c nhng nhc
im sau :
+ Khng to c lp lc l tng khi lc dch ng ( v v b nghin nh )
+ nh hng ti cht lng malt sau ny ( bia s c v cht kh chu do cc cht
cht trong v malt ho tan )
Do vy nu dng my p lc khung bn th t l nghin ca malt sau khi nghin
l :
+ V chu : 9-12%
+ Tm ln : 12-15%
+ Tm b : 30-35%
+ Tt : 40-45%
b .Nghin go :
chit c nhiu cht tan t go ta phi nghin tht nh , mt khc qu trnh
h ho tinh bt xy ra d dng .
Go c cn nh lng cho tng m nu , sau ta em nghin go bng my
nghin ba , cu to ca my nghin ba bao gm mt sng phn loi , mt roto
quay ( trn roto c lp nhiu a mi a c ngn nhiu li bng thp )
1.3 H ho nguyn liu :
a . Mc ch:
Mc ch chnh ca qu trnh h ho l dng nhit cao nu chn tinh bt
go . To iu kin cho h enzim c trong malt lt s phn ct cc hp cht cao
phn t c trong go ( tinh bt , protein ) to thnh cc hp cht thp phn t
d ho tan vo nc v tr thnh cht chit ca dch ng . ng thi vi
lng malt lt s lm gim nht , khng b rn cc lm cho cho khng b
kh kht hay chy .
19

b. Cch tin hnh .

ni h ho ton b lng go v 5% bt malt lt c chn u vi nc theo
t l 1/5 nhit 450C cho cnh khuy hot ng khuy u dch bt v gi
nhit ny khong 10 pht . Nng nhit ca ni cho ln 86 oc ( y l
nhit trng n ca tinh bt ) gi nhit ny 30 pht sau h nhit ca
khi cho xung 72oc v cho 5% malt lt cn li gi nhit ny 30 pht to
iu kin cho enim amylaza phn cch tinh bt . Tip ta un khi cho
trong khong mt gi di tc dng ca nhit cao phn tinh bt kh tan s
tr thnh dng ho tan ( dextrin ) . Sau khi tinh bt chn khi cho c bm
sang ni ng ho n y l h ho kt thc .
1-4 : ng ho nguyn liu :
a. Mc ch .
Mc ch chnh ca qu trnh ng ho nguyn liu l chuyn ho nhng hp
cht cao phn t c trong malt v go thnh nhng nc ho tan c trong nc .
C s khoa hc cho mc ch trn l do s xc tc ca h enzim thu phn
amylafa , proteza , phosphataza , c trong malt . Sau khi ng ho c ti 5060% cc hp cht cao phn t chuyn thnh hp cht d ho tan ( ng axit
amin dextzim bc thp , peptid )
b. Nhng bin i c bn trong qu trnh ng ho nguyn liu .
ng ho l mt qu trnh sinh ho phc tp xy ra di tc dng ca h
enzim c sn trong nguyn liu malt.
Qu trnh ny ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh : nhit , PH ca dch
cho , nng tinh bt ( c cht ) , nng v hot ng ca enzim .
-

Nhit c nh hng ln khng ch n tc ng ho , hiu sut ng

ho m cn nh hng n t l cc thnh phn ca sn phm ng ho ,
khi tng nhit thu phn ( nhit ng ho ) ln mt gii hn nht nh
20

tc ng ho s tng nhanh , nhng nu tip tc tng qu gii hn th cc

enzim s gim hot lc , qu trnh ng ho s gim hay b nh ch . Nhit
ti u ca proteaza hot ng l 48-52oc . Nhit ti u ca enzim v
amilara l 63oc , cn nhit ti u ca enzim v amilara l 70-73oc . v
vy iu chnh nhit trong qu trnh ng ho l mt yu t v cng
quan trng .
-

PH ca dch cho cng c nh hng n qu trnh ng ho , mi mt

enzim c mt PH ti u ring . amilaza 5,5-5,8 PH ti u ca amilaza l
4,8-5,0 cn amylophosphataza l 5,5-5,7 . Vy khi t c PH ti u th cc
enzim hot ng rt mnh , thc y qu trnh ng ho din ra nhanh hn .
Do theo di PH ca dch cho l quan trng .

- Nng dch cho nh hng kh ln n khi lng v cht lng ca sn

phm thu phn do s phn ct ca h enzim thu phn trong qu trnh
ng ho .
-

Nu dch cho cng long , lng ng to ra cng nhiu . c bit l nhm

c thp phn t c kh nng ln men c . Khi ng ho dch cho c
th dch ng malt toza s thu c nhiu hn so vi dch cho long . bi
v nhit cho c th bn nhit ca . ami laza cao hn . Cn khi dch
cho long th hot ng ca proteza li km i bi v trong cho long
chim nit ho tan bn vng t hn so vi dch cho c .

- Nng enzim c nh hng ti sn phm ca qu trnh ng ho , bng

cch thay i bng nhit , PH , nng c cht ta c th to u th cho
enzim ny hay enzim khc . thng qua ta c th thu phn cc b cc cht
ring bit .
+ Nhng qu trnh bin i khc .
- S thu phn cc axt bo cc hp cht photpho v hp cht cao phn t .
- S bin tnh tch t v kt lng protein . Xy ra nhm loi c nhng pha
protein c phn t lng ln ra ngoi trnh lm c bia sau ny .

21

- S to thnh melanoit l s kt hp gia protein ( axit amin ) vi ng kh

to thnh mi thm c trng lm tng cng mu ca dch ng sau
ny.
c. Cc bc tin hnh ng ho nguyn liu .
ni ng ho , ton b phn bt malt cn li trn vi nc theo t l bt
nc l 1:5 nhit l 38-40oc ta b xung axit lactic hay phosphozic sao cho
PH h xung 6,5 kt hp chy cnh khuy trn u dch bt trong 10 pht .
Sau khi kt thc qu trnh h ho th nhit ca khi dch cho t 100o C. Ta
bm t t ton b khi dch cho sang ni ng ho , lc ny nhit chung
ca khi ng ho l 500C sau ta nng ln 520C cch khuy lm vic lin
tc duy tr nhit ny 30 pht to iu kin cho enzim protera hot ng
thu phn protit c phn t lng thp ( peptit bc thp v cc amino axit) ta
gi qu trnh ny l qu trnh m ho . Sau nng nhit dch ng ho ln
62-65oc gi nhit ny trong 50 pht to iu kin cho enzim amilaza hot
ng to nhiu ng maltov dextrin. Sau cp hi tip nhit ng
ho tng ln 72-75o C, 50 pht nhit ny , trong thi gian ny to iu
kin cho enzim amilara hot ng . Tip tc tng ng ho ln 78oc duy tr
nhit ny 20 pht ng thi ta tin hnh kim tra dch ng bng phng
php Iod nu thy dch ng khng lm Iod chuyn sang mu xanh th l
ng ho kt thc .
1.5 Loc dch ng :
Mc ch : Tch dch ng ra khi b v cc cht khng tan khc . c trng
ca dch ng ho l trong c nhiu phn t rt rn , nh .Trong qu trnh
lc cc phn t ny s to mt lp nguyn liu lc ph cho dch ng trong
hn.
Qu trnh lc c tin hnh theo hai giai on .
+ Tch dch ng trong ( cha tt c cc cht ho tan ca malt ) khi phn b
malt .
22

+ Dng nc nng ra b : nhm tn thu ti a cc cht ho tan cn bm li b.

- Cch tin hnh :
lc dch ng ta c th dng hai loi thit b lc thng dng l thng lc v
thit b lc khung bn .
y ta chn thit b lc l my lc khung bn
Trc khi chuyn dch ng vo my lc ta bm nc nng nhit 70-75oc
t ni nc un si vo . Gi yn 30 pht sau bm cho malt vo khong
chng gia cc khung p sut tng t 0,2-0,3 atm cht lng chui qua vi lc sang
cc rnh ca pha bn ri theo van chuyn sang thng nu hoa . Dch ng ban
u cn c , ta phi bm chuyn li lc li . Sau khi dch ng trong chy
ht th khung gi li b malt . Trong qu trnh lc cht rn ca hn hp thu
phn c gi li gia cc tm vi lc , dn dn nn cht thnh khi to ra
mt mng lc ph rt tt lm cho dch ng trong hn . Sau khi dch ng
chy ht, ta tin hnh ra b malt . thu c lng cht ho tan ln nht , cn
tng ho tan bng cch dng nc nng 75oC ra . ra b, ta ngng
cho dch ng m cho nc ra vo . Nc ra s chui qua lp vi lc , qua
ton b b dy lp b ko theo cht ho tan cn li trong b qua lp vi lc ri
theo malt v ni cha .
Qu trnh ra b kt thc khi nng cc cht ho tan trong dch lc cn 1%.
Nu c tip tc ra b th cc cht ng tamin s ko theo vo dch v gy mi
v l cho dch ng .
Ch : trong khi ra b , b phi lun ngp nc trnh hin tng oxy

ho cht tamin ca v malt to mu sm cho bia . nc ra phi < 78oC nu

khng tinh bt b h ho s khng kp ng ho bt kn b mt lc lm gim
hiu sut , cht lng dch ng .
+ Yu cu : dch ng sau khi lc phi trong v nu c mt ca cc phn t
khng ho tan s gy kh khn cho qu trnh ln men v gy mi v khng tt
cho bia sau ny .
un dch ng vi hoa houblon :
23

Mc ch :
- Chit cc cht c trong hoa vo dch ng nh trch ly cht ng , tinh du
thm , polyphenol , cc hp cht cha nit v cc thnh phn khc ca hoa vo
dch ng . to cho v ng v ng v hng thm d chu c trng c bn
v tnh cht cm quan ca bia sau ny .
Polyphenol , cht ng , cc cht cha nit trong hoa houblon l nhng cht to
sc cng b mt , c hot tnh cao . nh c mng ny m bt kh CO2 trong bia
khng d dng thot khi b mt ca n . Nhng cht ny tham gia vo qu trnh
to bt v gi bt cho bia .
Khi nu cn xy ra nhiu qu trnh khc nhng qu trnh ny t tc ng theo
chiu hng tch cc n vic hnh thnh cht lng sn phm bia sau ny nh
qu trnh to melanoid , tng chua nh phn , tng cng mu gim bt
nht .
+ Cch tin hnh nu :
-Thit b nu hoa c ch to ging nh ni thu phn , nhng kh nng cp
nhit cao hn . thit b ny c th ch to bng thp khng r hoc hp kim
khc .
-Lng hoa cn dng v phng php np hoa v dch ng .
y ta b xung hoa houblon dng cnh.
+ Lng hoa houblon : 1,2-1,6 g/l dch ng .
+ Cch np hoa : cho 1/3 s lng hoa houblon ca mt m nu vo nc si.
1/3 hoa cho vo sau khi hoa un si 30 pht . 1/3 cho vo cn li trc lc ht
10 pht . thi gian un hoa t 60- 90 pht .
- K thut un si :
Ngay t lt u tin khi dch ng c bm vo thng un hoa ta phi lp tc
gia nhit nng nhit ca dch ng ln .
nhit 70-75 oC h enzim amilaza kp thu phn ht tinh bt cn st li .
Trong qu trnh un ta phi m bo yu cu sau :
Khi qu trnh ra b kt thc th dung dch ng ni hoa cng va si sau khi
un nt dch ra b vo ni un hoa ta cp tip hi dch ng si nhit
24

tht mnh. Vi cng si mnh cc cht hoa houblon s ho tan mt lng

ln vo dch ng . Ch tiu quan trng kt thc un hoa l nng cht
ho tan ca dch ng . Ch tiu th hai l s tn ti ca cc kt ta dng bng
do prtein ng t to thnh .
1.7 . Lm lnh v tch cn dch ng :
Mc ch :
Mc ch ca qu trnh lm lnh v tch cn dch ng l loi cn ( cn th
l ch yu ) prtein ng t cc hp cht poly phenol , hp cht ng . a
nhit dch ng v nhit thch hp cho qu trnh ln men l 15-16 oc ho
tan cho dch ng mt lng oxy cn thit . ( 6mg/l )to iu kin cho nm
men pht trin ng thi lm lnh nhanh trnh vi sinh vt xm nhim vo
dch ln men .
+ Cch tin hnh :
Qu trnh tch cn v lm lnh dch ng c tin hnh theo hai bc :
-

Tch cn v lm ngui dch ng n 90oc .

Lm lnh nhanh dch ng t 90oC n nhit len men

1: Tch v lm ngui dch ng n 90 oC

thit b ta chn tch cn v lm ngui dch ng n 90o c l thng nng
wirfool . y l thit b lng kiu mi c ch to bng thp khng r, thng
c dung tch ph hp vi ni nu hoa . Vic h nhit dch ng t 1000C 900C trong vng 15 -20 pht nhit cao 1/4 thn thng 9 t y ln l
ng ng bm dch vo thng . Hng i ca ng l tuyp tuyn vi thn
thng khong ng ng bm dch v cch thng wirlfool 0,4-0,5 m ) b tht
li . Bng cch tc ca dch ng phng vo thng vi vn tc rt ln to
mt sc y mnh lc ny to ra mt xung lc theo phng tip tuyn ca cht
lng xay trn . Nh lc hng tm ln , cn lng b xoy xung tm thng v
lng xung y khi nhit ca dch ng h xung 90oc th dch ng c
bm sang thit b lm lnh nhanh cn cn lng y thng c di nc v x

25

ra ngoi . y l cng vic tch cn lm ngui dch ng n 90 o da trn

nguyn tc ca thng lng wirlpool .
2: Lm lnh nhanh dch ng t 90oc xung ti nhit ln men ( 15-16oC )
qu trnh lm lnh nhanh din ra theo hai bc .
Bc 1 : gim nhit ca dch ng 15-16oC .

Bc 2 : gim nhit ca dch ng xung nhit ln men , thit b lm

lnh nhanh y ta chn thit b trao i nhit tm bn thit b ny lm lnh
dch ng trong mt thi gian rt ngn ta quen gi l my lnh nhanh . Cu
to ca my l nhng tm bn gp sng c ch to t thp khng d cc
tm bn c hnh ch nht c bn tai bn gc mi tai c mt l trong dn
dch
V cu to nh vy khi lp gp chng vo nhau s to thnh 4 mng dn
dch ng vo my v ra khi my , tc nhn lnh vo v ra khi my c
thu hi . qu trnh trao i nhit din ra nhanh ta chao i chao i theo
nguyn tc ngc chiu . My c nguyn tc lm lnh nh sau :
Hai khoang dng tc nhn lnh khc nhau
Khoang 1: dng nc lnh lm tc nhn lnh .
Khi nhit dch ng t 900C h nhit xung cn 600C ( nhit
ca nc l vo l 20oC ra l 300C )
Khoang 2 dng tc nhn mui h nhit h nhit dch ng t 600C
xung nhit ln men 150 xung nhit 15-16oC ( nhit ca nc mui
vo l -8oC v ra l 20C
2. Phn xng ln men
2.1 Phn xng ln men chnh
a. Mc ch :
Mc ch ca qu trnh ln men chnh l to ra thnh phn ru etylic, CO2 v
mt s sn phm c trong bia nhm nh hnh hng v v ca bia .
26

Sau qu trnh ln men chnh th dch ng hoa houblon c chuyn vo

thnh phm bia non , do s cng tc ca t bo nm men. Tuy nhin lng cht
ho tan trong bia non cn thp hn so vi dch ng trc khi len men , nhng
trong thnh phn bia non l mt hn hp cht ho tan , m nhn vic to hng
v v c trng ca bia thnh phm sau ny . Ngoi hai sn phm chnh ru
etylic v co2 trong qu trnh ln men chnh cn to ra nhiu sn phm bc hai .
Nhng sn phm ny c vai tr quan trng trong vic hnh thnh hng v cho
bia .
Mt s sn phm ph ( sp bc hai c mt trong bia )
+ glyxezin : l mt cu t khi phn gii ng thnh C2H5OH+ C2H803 + CO2
Lng glyxezin c trong bia 2-3g/lt , s c mt ca glyxezin s lm cho bia c
v mm hn , tng m ca sn phm v tng kh nng gi CO2 .
+ Este l sn phm loi hai khng thng c ca qu trnh ln men . n c
hnh thnh l kt qu ca phn ng gia axt bay hi v khng bay hi vi cc
loi ru khc nhau .
Tng lng este trong bia dao ng trong khong 30-80 mg/lt este c ngha
rt quan trng trong vic hnh thnh hng thng thm cho bia .
+ Aldhit c trong bia dao ng t 9-10mg/lt mc va phi ( 10-15 mg/lt)
alhit lm tng hng cho bia .
+ Diaxetyl : n c to thnh do qu trnh hot ng sng ca t bo c tc
dng kch thch rt mnh ln h thn kinh con ngi , gy au u cho ngi
ung . giai on u ca qu trnh ln men chnh iaxetyl c to ra tng i
nhiu nhng qu trnh ln men ph v tng tr lng iaxetyl gim i r rt ,
lng iaxetyl qui nh 0,2 mg/lt y l cu t c nh hng xu n cht
lng bia nn phi loi trit .
+ Axit hu c : hm lng trung bnh ca chng trong bia khong 150-200
mg/lt chng c to thnh do s trao i cht ca nm men . Axit axetic , axit
focmic . . . , cc axit hu c ny rt c gi tr trong vic hnh thnh cht lng
cho bia .

27

Ru bc cao : thng thng ru bc cao c trong bia khong 50-60 mg/lt ,

khi tn ti trong bia s lm cho bia c hng v kh chu ( to cho khu gic
ngi ung kh chi ) cc loi ru bc cao u gy nh hng xu ti tnh cht
cm quan ca bia sau ny .
b. Tin hnh ln men chnh :
Ta tin hnh ln men chnh trong hnh tr , y cn kn kh nng to v gi bt
tt , c th thay i co2 t dch ln men . Cn men ging c chuyn vo dch
ng ln men l ging men chm : saccharomyces carlsbergensis . s lng
men ging chuyn vo dch ng ln men khong 10-11 triu dch t bo / cm3
. Men ging c bm vo thng ln men cng vi dch ng . Vic lm ny
nhm to cho t bo nm men phn tn u vo ton b khi dch ln men ban
u , to iu kin thch nghi v sinh trng nhanh.Thng ln men c h thng
thng o lnh bn ngoi . Thi gian ln men chnh tu thuc vo nng cht
ho tan ban u ca dch ng v yu cu cht lng cc loi bia .Nng
dch ng trc lc ln men i vi bia hi l 10o Bx v bia chai l 11o Bx,
thng thi gian ln men chnh t 4-5 ngy , 2 ngy u nhit ln men l
100C . trong thi gian ny to ru bc cao ,CO2,diaxetyl v cc cht khc . n
ngy th 3 nng nhit ln dn sao cho n ngy th 4 t nhit 15-160C v
g nhit ny trong vong mt gi .
Theo di tnh hnh qu trnh ln men .
Ngy th nht , th hai c du hiu ca s ln men nhit tng 0,5 oc xung
quanh thng ln men sut hin vng bt sau bt lan ph y mt thng .
Hm lng cht ho tan lc ny gim 0,3-0,5% , trong khong thi gian tip
theo 2-4 ngy m tip theo th qu trnh ln men din ra rt mnh men pht
trin nhanh nht t n mt cc i kch thc ca bt rt to , th hm
lng ho tan lc ny gim 2-2,5% ngy m , cn nhit c chiu hng tng
rt mnh . thi gian ny ta cp nhit cho khoang lnh t nhit ban u
( 15-16oc ) sau giai on ln men mnh th tc ln men bt u gim dn
( khong 2-3 ngy cui ) v hm lng cht ho tan cn kit ta cp lnh lm
h nhit ca bia non ( lm lnh cc b ) thi gian cui ny bt xp ht trn
28

b mt bia non ph mt lp bt mu xm nu , hm lng cht ho tan gim

khong 0,8-1% /lt trong thi gian ny lm men v cn c kt lng , bia non
dn dn trong hn .
kim tra xem qu trnh ln men chnh kt thc .
+ Trn b mt c mt lp bt mng , mn u c mu xm nu .
+ Nng cht ho tan : nu sau mt ngy nng cht ho tan trong bia gim
0,1-0,2 % th qu trnh ln men chnh kt thc .
+ trong : nu sau 24 gi bia trong hon ton th kt thc qu trnh ln men
chnh . Giai on ln men chnh kt thc khi kh cn 2,8-3o v chuyn sang
ln men ph .
2.2 Ln men ph v tng tr bia :
a . Mc ch .
Mc ch ca qu trnh ln men ph v tng tr l .
+ Qu trnh quan trng n nh thnh phn cht lng ca bia ( to hng v
to bot v gi bt cho bia )
+ kh ru bc cao , diaxetyl v alhit n mc cho php .
+ Mt s aste c trng c to ra cho axt tc dng vi ru to hng thm
hn cho bia .
+ Nhit v p sut thp , bt bia c to ra dng lin kt , bn vng , lu
tan v mn .
+ Do tin hnh nhit thp , thi gian ko di dn n cc cht hu c , xc
men , b men nng xung y lm cho bia trong , thun yin cho qu trnh lc
bia .
b . Tin hnh ln men ph v tng tr .
Thit b ln men ph chnh l thit b ln men chnh
Sau khi kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh ta tin hnh h nhit xung 40C
lc ny nm men d dng lng xung y , ta thu hi nm men . Sau thu hi
29

song th ta tin hnh h nhit xung 1-2oc v qu trnh ln men ph tng tr

bt u . Ton b qu trnh ln men ph c thc hin 7-8 ngy mi ngy ta
u x cn men ( do cn trong dch bia non ) lng xung y thng . Vic kim
tra kt thc qu trnh ln men ph thuc vo quan st lng CO2 thot ra , o
gim ca cht ho tan tip l n trong ca bia . Trong ton b qu trnh
ln men ph lng cht ho tan gim khong 1% .
1.3 Lc bia ( lc trong bia ) .
a. Mc ch :
- Mc ch ca qu trnh lc bia l loi b nm men , cc ht phn tn c hc ,
cht prtin , polyphenol , nha ng v nhiu loi ht nh li ti khc nhm
tng ln ca bia tng thi gian bo qun khi chng lu hnh trn th
trng .
b. Tin hnh lc bia .
Thit b lc bia l my lc khung ban kt hp vi bt tr lc iatomit , vt liu
lc l vi lc .
- Trc tin ta trn bt iatomit v mt t bia tra lc trong thng cha ri
bm vo my lc . Lc u phn bia t my lc chy ra cha trong cn phi
a tr li lng bia ny vo thng . khong 10-15 pht sau bt tr lc s to
ln mt tm mng lc mng trn vi lc v nh bia bt u trong bia c
truyn v thng cha bia lc . Trong thi gian lc cng vi vic bm bia
vo thit b lc cn bm thm mt lng nh hn hp bia cng vi bt tr
lc iatomit m bo xp cho xc t bo nm men c gi trn vi
lc . Khi lp b trn vi lc qu y , p sut lc cao khng thot bia hay
bia b c th ta ngng lc .
+ Mt s thng s khi tin hnh lc .
-

nhit bia khi lc 0-10C.

Cng sut lc bng bt tr lc iatomit 1 gi lc c 5000 lt bia qua 1m 2

b mt lc .

30

Tiu hao bt tr lc / 1m2 b mt lc khong 550-1000 g/1000 lt bia thnh

phm v ti y ta tin hnh np CO2.

1.4 Bo ho CO2

a. Mc ch :
Khi CO2 nh qu trnh ln men ru , nm men chuyn ho ng thnh ru
etylc v CO2 trong qu trnh ln men chnh v qu trnh ln men ph mt lng
ln CO2 c thi ra mt phn trong bia mt phn thi vo khng kh . Tuy
nhin trong cng on sau khi ln men ta tin hnh lc bia CO2 b tn tht kh
nhiu v vy phi tin hnh np CO2 cn thit cho bia m bo cht lng
cho bia thnh phm .
b. Tin hnh :
Bia c cho vo thng Inox dy chu p lc , h nhit ca bia xung ti 0oC
ri cho CO2 vo n khi p sut trong thng np CO2 t 4-5 kg/cm3 .
-

Nguyn tc ta sc CO2 t di ln , nn kh nng ngm CO2 ca bia l rt

ln sau khi np CO2 th ta tin hnh chit bock v chit chai .

3. Phn xng thnh phm .

3.1 Chit bia :
a . Mc ch nhm chuyn bia t thng cha bia thnh phm vo bock , chai
m bo vn chuyn n tay ngi tiu dng .
b . Chit bia hi :
Bia hi c tiu th trong ngy nn khng phi qua khu thanh trng . chng
c chit vo bock thng bock c hnh tang trng dung tch 25 lt , 50 lt , 100
lt . c ch to bng kim loi ( hp kim nhm ) thng bock trc khi chit
31

phi v sinh v thanh trng bng nc si trong qu trnh rt cn phi m bo :

Rt y , khng si bt , hao ph bia t .
Bia c chit vo thng nh my chit vi p sut ngc chiu nhm trnh s
hao tn CO2 .
c. Chit bia chai :
Yu cu i vi chai .
c lm bng thu tinh c mu xm mc ch l trnh s tc ng ca nh
sng lm gim bt lng bia . ng thi phi cng mt kch c ng nht
khng b st m .
Nguyn tc ra chai ln lt c ra qua cc khoang trong my c ch xt,
clo , nhit thch hp
Ch ra :
-Ra ( ngm, phun ) nc (lnh , m )
-Ra bng dung dch NAOH 2-5% kt hp nhit
-Trng li bng nc (lnh m )v st trng bng kh Clo
-Thi kh chai .

bng ch ra chai

Cc khoang ra
Dungdch NAOH(g/l)
Dung dch cl2(g/l)
Nhit (00C)

1
22
0
50

2
20
0
80

3
15
0
70

4
10
0
45

5
0
1
35

Sau khi ra chai xong c kim tra li bng cch dng n hunh quang ri
vo v kim tra bng mt thng .Nu thy chai bn bn trong st ming th loi
b
32

6
0
0
25

Qu trnh chit bia chai c tin hnh di p sut ca kh C02 v nhit

t 0-10C , hn ch s tip xc vi bia v khng kh . trnh rt bia y qu s gy
v chai hoc b bt y chai khi thanh trng .
My dng chit c b phn quan trng nht l vi chit : Vi chit c cu to
hai b phn chnh xi lanh pha ngoi v phittng pha trong . Phn xilanh
c kt thc pha di bng mt ming lc ( hnh hoa kn ) bng cao su , khi
chai y ln men th nm cao su s m cht ly c chai . phittong l mt ng
rng , di pha cui v c kt thc bng mt suppe pittong chuyn ng dc
ln xung theo xilanh l nh lc ln kh , khi my lm vic phittong c y
xung , m vo ming chai a theo cn bng p sut gia chai v thng cha
bia khong khng CO2 trc khi chit cn thng vi khong khng CO2 trn b
mt cha bia . nh c s cn bng v p sut gia chai v thng cha bia hn
ch ti a ca s xm nhp oxy trong khi chit . Sau khi chit c a sang
my p nt ri a i thanh trng .
3.2 Thanh trng bia chai
Mc ch : nh ch hot ng ca nm men , tiu dit cc vsv cn st li trong
qu trnh lng , tch cn v lc , to iu kin cho bia bo qun c lu di
Chai sau khi p nt c a vo my thanh trng v h thng bng ti xch
ln lt i qua 8 vng nhit ca my . mi vng nc c iu chnh
nhit thch hp qua cc l ca li kim loi ri ri u trn chai t nhit
mong mun .
Cc vng
Nhit (00C)

1
25

2
35

3
45

4
65

5
60

6
45

7
35

8
25

Qua bng trn ta thy vng nhit 1,2,3 c tc dng lm nng chai ln t trc
khi vo vng nhit thanh trng , vng 6,7,8 l cc vng lm ngui trai t t
sau khi chai nhit thanh trng nhm mc ch l trnh s thay i t
ngt nhit s gy ra v nt chai .Cc vng c bm tun hon vi nahu
nh cc vng :1-8 ; 2-7 ; 3-6
33

Vng 4 l vng qu nhit c tc dng a chai nhanh chng ti nhit ln hn

nhit thanh trng 3-50C khi chai r khi vng ny s c nhit bng
nhit thanh trng . Nhit ny c duy tr khng i . Nc lun lun
c bm tun hon
3.3 Dn dn v sp kt :
L giai on cui cng hon thin sn phm trc khi dn nhn ta x kh lau
sch chai .
Ch phi s dng nhn t tiu chun c ghi y ng k cht lng ngy
thng sn xut do nh nc cp hn s dng . c bit l ngoi dn phi c
trang tr p a nhn
Chai sau khi hon tt cng vic dn nhn th a sang hon thin sn phm c
xp vo kt sau khi hon tt cng vic xp kt th sut xng , em sn phm
ti ni tiu th .
n y l kt thc qu trnh sn xut bia .
3.4 Cc tiu chun v bia thnh phm :
Sn phm bia nh my c hai loi bia hiv bia chai mi lo mt na .
a. Cc ch tiu v cm quan .
bt : khi rt chai vo cc c hai loi u c bt y , trng mn , di
y cc lun c nhng bong bng nh li ty c tch dn ln b nt .
- Chiu cao lp bt ( cm ) :
+ bia hi l 1 cm
+ bia chai 2 cm
- Thi gian tan ht ( pht )
bia hi 1 pht
bia chai 2 pht
+ Mi v v : bia phi c mi c trng ca nguyn liu , mi thm nh
34

v thy c trng ca malt v i mch v hoa houblon , khng mi v l , v

chua
+ Mu sc : bia c mu vng ng nh , trong sut . mu ca bia nh gi qua
my so mu hay dng dung dch iot 0,1 N xc nh mu .
+ trong ca bia phi trong sut khng c cn , qua cc thu tinh . khi cm c
phi thy r vn tay
b.ch tiu ho hc
loi bia

bia hi

bia chai

cht ho tan ban u

10 0.2

11 0.2

cn (%)

4 0.2

4.6 0.2

hm lng co2 (g/l)

chua ( ml naoh 0,1N/ 10ml)

3.5
1.5 0.2

Vi c 2 loi bia
Hm lng Diaxetyl (mg/lt ) : 0.2
ng xt( %)

: 2.3-2.8

Glixerin (%)

: 0.1 - 0.3

Cht khong (%)

: 0,14 - 0,38

m tng (g/lt )

: 3,5 - 5

Este: ( mg/l )

: 15 - 50

Aldehit (mg/lt )

: 10 - 15

35

4.5
1.5 0.2

PHN IV : TNH CN BNG SN PHM

S hao ph trong qu trnh nu bia

36

Nu + Lc
Hao ph 1.5%

Lng trong & Lm lnh

Hao ph3%
Ln men
Hao ph 4%
Lc bia
Hao ph 1%

Suc CO2
Hao ph 0.2%
Chit bia
Hao ph 1.5%
Thnh phm

I . C s l thuyt :
Nng sut l 45 triu lt / nm nh my sn xut 50 % bia hi 50 % bia chai
-

Bia hi c nng cht ban u l 10obx .

Bia chai c nng ban u l 11obx .

- Chn n v tnh : Tnh cho 100 lt bia thnh phm .

- Cch tnh da vo lng phn trm hao ph tnh lng sn phm lng
nguyn liu cn dng .
37

II . Tnh cn bng sn phm

BIA HI :
1: Tnh lng dch ng trc lc ln men .
100 lt bia hi nng 10os .
Qu trnh chit bia tn tht 1,5 % .
Lng bia bo ho co2 l :
100
1
=
= 101.52(l )
1 0.015 0.985

*Qu trnh sc co2 tn tht 0.5 - 1 % ly 0.5 % ,

- Lng bia trc khi bo ho co2 l :
101.52
101.52
=
= 102.03(l )
1 0.005 0.995

*Qua trnh lc bia tn tht 1-2% ly 1%.

-Lng bia trc khi lc l .
102.03 102.03
=
= 103.06(l )
0.01
0.99

*Qu trnh ln men chnh v ln men ph trong cng mt thit b hao tn 4%.
-Lng dch ng a ln men l .
103.06 103.06
=
= 107.35(l )
1 0.04
0.96

*Qu trnh lng trong v lm lnh nhanh tn hao 3%

- Lng dch a vo lm lnh l .
107.35 107.35
=
= 110.67(l )
1 0.03
0.97

* Dch ng 10% 200C khi lng ring l D=1.039(kg\l)

- Khi lng dch ng sau qu trnh un hoa 200C l:
110.67 1.039 = 115(kg )

38

- Lng cht trit c trong dch ng 10% l :

115

10
= 11.5(kg )
100

*Qu trnh nu v lc tn hao cht trit l 1,5%

- lng cht chit cn thit l :
11.5
11.5
=
= 11.675(kg )
1 0.015 0.985

2. Tnh lng malt v go .

Gi lng malt cn dng l: M
Cc ch s ban u:
m : w =7%
ha tan: 76%
Tn tht do xay nghin 0,5%
-Lng cht chit thu c t M kg malt l .
0.93 0.995 0.76 M = 0.703 M

lng go cn dng l: 3/7 M

Cc ch s ban u :
m :14%
ho tan: 85%
Tn tht do xay nghin: 0.5%
-Lng cht chit thu c t go l .
0.3
M 0.86 0.85 0.995 = 0.312 M
0.7

-Tng lng cht chit thu c t M kg malt v 0.3/ 0.7M go l .

0.703M +0.312M=11.675(kg)
1.015M=11.675(kg)
39

M=11.5(kg)
Vy lng malt i mch dng sn xut 100 lt bia hi 100BX l :11,5( kg)
-Lng go cn dng l :
11.5 0.3
= 4.93(kg )
0 .7

3.Tnh lng hoa Houblon

(Dng hoa cnh to l 1.4 g hoa / lit bia )
-Lng hoa cnh b xung trc lc ln men l
1.4 110.67 = 155( g )

4.Tnh lng b
4.1 Tnh lng b malt v go
m malt l : w =7%
Lng malt l :11,5(kg)
Tn tht do xay nghin l 0,5%
-Lng cht chit thu c t M kg malt l : 0.703M
m go l :14%
Khi lng ca go l :4,93(kg)
Tn tht do xay nghin l : 0.5%
-Lng cht chit ca go l : 0.312M
-Lng cht chit ca malt la: 11.5x0.995x0.93=10.64(kg)
-Lng cht chit ca go l:4.93x0.995x0.86=4.22(kg)
- Tng lng cht chit ca malt v go l :
10.64 + 4.22 = 14.86(kg)
- Tng lng b kh ca malt v go l :
14,86-11,675 = 3,185(kg)
Vy lng b malt v go c m 80% l :
40
3.185 3.185
=
= 15.925(kg )
1 0.8
0.2

-Lng nc trong b l :
15.925 - 3.185 = 12.74(kg)
4.2 Tnh lng b hoa :
Lng4.93*0.14+ cht khng ho tan trong hoa l 60%
m ca b hoa l 85%

-lng b hoa l :

0.155

60 100

= 0.62(kg )
100 15

5. Tnh lng nc ra b trong qu trnh nu .

Qu trnh h ho bt go + 10% malt lt, nc t l 1\5
+Lng nc cho vo ni h ho l :
(4.93 + 4.93 0.1) 5 = 27.155(kg )

+Lng nc c sn trong nguyn liu ni h ho l :

4.93 0.14 + 0.493 0.07 = 0.724( kg )

+Trong 0.14 :l m ca go
0.07 :l m ca malt
+Tng hn hp bt + nc ni h ho l :
+Lng dch cho sau khi un bay hi 5%
Vy lng dch cn li l :

41

32.54 0.95 = 30.91(kg )

+Lng nc cho vo ni ng ho t l nc v nguyn liu 1:5

+Lng nc cho vo ni ng ho l :
(11.5-0.493)x5=55.03(kg)
+lng nc c sn trong nguyn liu ni ng ho l :
(11.5-0.493)x0.07=0.770(kg)
+Tng lng dch ni ng ho sau khi chuyn dch cho sang l :

30.91 + (11.5 0.493) 6 = 96.94(kg )

+Dch cn li ni ng ho sau khi un bay hi 4% l :

96.94 x 0.96 =93.06(kg)
+lng nc trong dch trc khi lc l :
93.06-14.86 = 78.20 (kg)
+ lng nc ra b l :
lng nc trong dch sau khi un hoa 100 S l
110.67 1.039

90
= 103.5lit ( kg )
100

khi nu hoa lng nc bay hi khong 8-10% so v tng lng dch ( ly 10%)
+Do lng nc trong dch trc khi un hoa l:
103.5+110.67 x 0.1= 114.56(kg)
*Lng nc ra b s cn l :
vnc ra b = vnc trong dch un hoa + vb - vtrc khi lc
= 114.56+12.74-78.2=49,1(kg)lit
6. tnh lng men ging cn thit
Lng men ging tip vo trc khi ln men chnh l 10% so vi lng
dch a vo ln men .
42

107.35 2
= 2.147 (kg )
100

107.35x0.1=10.735(l)
lng men sa tip vo trc khi ln men chnh 1%so v lng dch a vo
ln men l :
107.35x0.01=1.07(l)
7. Tnh cc sn phm ph
7.1 Tnh lng men thu hi
Thc t c 100lt dch ng thu c 2 kg sa men m 80%
50% ti sn xut ,50% lm sn phm ph
(4.93 + 0.493) 6 = 32.54( kg )

-Vy lng men thu c l :

Lng men ti sn xut = lng men lm sn phm ph =1.0735(kg)
7.2 Tnh lng cn lng
100kg nguyn liu c khong 1.75kg cn lng
Vy 16.43kg nguyn liu l :
16.43 1.75
= 0.287 (kg )
100

7.3 Tnh lng C02

Theo phng trnh ln men:
C12H22O11 +H20 --> 4C2H5OH + 4CO2
C 342g maltoza to thnh 176 g CO2
Coi ton b lng ng ln men l ng maltoza
Hiu sut ln men l 55%
-Lng CO2 thu hi c l .
11.5 0.55 176
= 3.25(kg )
342

43

-Hm lng CO2 bn vng khi ln men :

103.06 0.2
= 0.206(kg )
100

-Lng CO2 thot ra l:

3.25-0.206 = 3.044
-Lng CO2 cn trong bia thnh phm 4g/lt l
102.03x4 =408.12( g)
-Lng CO2 cn np thm l :
408.12-206=202.12
*BIA CHAI :
Tnh cho 100 lit bia chai nng 110BX
1.Tnh lng dch ng trc lc ln men
Qu trnh chit bia tn tht 4%
+Lng bia bo ho CO2 l
100
100
=
= 104.17(l )
1 0.04 0.96

Qu trnh sc CO2 tn tht 0.5-1% ly 0.5%

104.17
104.17
=
= 104.69(l )
1 0.005 0.995

+Lng bia trc khi bo ho CO2 l :

Qu trnh lc bia tn tht 1%
104.69 104.69
=
= 105.75(l )
1 0.01
0.99

+Lng bia trc khi lc l :

Qu trnh ln men chnh v ln men ph trong 1 thng tn hao 4%
+Lng dch ng a vo ln men l :
105.75 105.75
=
= 110.16(l )
1 0.04
0.96

44

Qu trnh lng trong v lm lnh tn hao 3%

+Lng dch a vo lm lnh l :
110.16 110.16
=
= 113.57(l )
1 0.03
0.97

Dch ng 11% 200C khi lng ring l d= 1.054(kg/l)

+Khi lng dch ng sau qu trnh un hoa 200C l :
113.57 x 1.054 =119.69(kg)
lng cht chit c trong dch ng 11% l :

119.69 x

11
= 13.16(kg )
100

Qu trnh nu v lc tn hao cht chit l 1.5%

+Lng cht chit cn thit l :

13.16
13.16
=
= 13.36(kg )
1 0.015 0.985

2.Tnh lng malt v go

(Tng t nh phn tnh bia hi)
Lng cht chit thu c t M kg malt l : 0.703 M
Lng cht chit thu c t go l :

0.312M

-Tng lng cht chit thu c t M kg malt v 0.3 / 0.7 Mgo l

0.703M + 0.312M= 13.36(kg)

M =

13 .36
=13 .16 ( kg )
1.015

45

vy lng malt v go sn xut bia chai nng 110BX l :11,3 kg

-Lng go cn dng l :
11.3 0.3
= 5.61(kg )
0.7

3. Tnh lng hoa houblon

dng hoa cnh t l 1.6 g hoa /lt bia
*Lng hoa cn b xung trc lc nu hoa l
1.6 x 110.56 =180(g) =0.18(kg)
4. Tnh lng b malt v go
+ Tnh lng cht kh ca malt
m malt : w=70%
Tn tht do xay nghin l 0,5%
-Lng Cht kh ca malt l :
0.93 x 0.995 x 13.1 =12.12(kg)
+ Tnh lng cht kh ca go
m : w=14%
Khi lng go l 5,62 (kg)
Tn tht do xay nghin l : 0.5%
-Lng cht kh ca go l :
0.86 x 0.995 x 5.61 =4.8(kg)
+ Tng lng cht kh ca malt v go l:
12.12 + 4.8 = 16.92(kg)

46

+ Tng lng b kh ca malt v go l :

16.92 - 13.36= 3.56(kg)
m b 80%
- Vy lng b malt v go l :
3.56
= 17.8(kg )
1 0.8

+ Tnh lng b hoa

Lng cht khng ho tan trong hoa l : 60%
m b hoa l 85%
*Lng b hoa l :
0.18

60 100

= 0.72(kg )
100 15

5.Tnh lng nc ra b
Qu trnh h ho bt go + 10% malt lt nc t l 1:5
+ lng nc cho vo ni h ho l
(5.61 +5.61x 0.1 ) x 5 = 30.85(kg)
m ca go l :14%
m ca malt l : 7%
+Lng nc c sn trong nguyn liu ni h ho l :
5.61 x 0.14 + 0.561 x 0.07 = 0.824 (l)
Tng hn hp bt + nc trong ni h ho l :

47

(5.61+0.561) x6=37.03(kg)
+Lng dch cho sau khi un bay hi 5%
37.03x0.95=35.18(l)
+Lng nc cho vo ni ng ho l :
(13.1-0.561x0.1)x5=62.69(l)
+Lng nc c sn trong nguyn liu ni ng ho l:
(13.1-0.561)x0.07=0.88(l)
+Tng lng dch trong ni ng ho sau khi chuyn dch cho sang l :
35.18 +(13.1-0.561)x6=110.41(l)
Dch cn li trong ni ng ha sau khi un bay hi 4% l
110.41x0.96=106 (l)
Lng nc trong dch trc khi lc l :
105.99-16.92 =89.07
+ lng nc ra b
+Lng nc trong dch sau khi un hoa 110s l

48

113.57 1.039

89
= 105.02(l )
100

Khi nu hoa nc bay hi 8-10%

+Lng nc trong dch trc khi un hoa l :
105.02+113.57x0.1=116.38(l)
*Vy lng nc ra b l :
116.38+14.24-89.07=41.55(l)
6. Tnh lng men ging cn thit
Lng men ging tip vo trc lc ln men l 10% so vi lng dch
110.15x0.1=11.015(kg)
7. Tnh sn phm ph
7.1 .Tnh lng men thu hi :
Lng men thu c l :
110.156 2
= 2.2(kg )
100

7.2 .Tnh lng CO2

-Lng CO2 thu hi l :
13.16 0.55 176
= 3.72(kg )
342

-Lng CO2 lin kt l

105.75 0.2
= 0.21(kg )
100

49

-Lng CO2 thot ra l

3.72-0.21=3.51 (kg)

-Lng CO2 cn b xung t 4.5 g\l l

104.69 x 4.5=471.10 (g)
-Lng CO2 cn b xung thm l :
471.1-210=261.1 (g)
*Vy ta cn np b xung l 261.1 g CO2 cho 1 lt bia
7.3 Cht ch lc Datomit cho c bia hi v bia chai
T l 0.09 kg\103.06(l)
7.4 Cht v sinh cho c bia hi v bia chai
100 lt bia cn 0.07 kg NAOH
7.5 Lng nc v sinh cho c bia hi va bia chai
nc v sinh thit b khong 5% so vi th tch thit b
mi ni ng ha, ni h ho, nu hoa v sinh ngy 3 ln , mt khc mi ngy
v sinh 3 thng ln men mi thng 3 m khi
V sinh ni lng ,lm ngui my mc vi git mt khong 10-20 m3
Vy ta cn khong 20m3 nc v sinh \ngy.
50

Bng cn bng sn phm

STT Nguyn liu n

100lit bia

10000lit bia

v
100Bx 110Bx 100Bx 110Bx
51

45.106(lit bia)
25.106
20.106
100Bx

110Bx

Malt

Kg

11.5

13.1

1150 1310

2875000

2620000

Go

Kg

4.93

5.64

493

564

1232500

1122000

Hoa

Kg

0.155 0.18

15.5

18

38750

36000

Lng cht Kg

14.86 16.95 1486 1695

3715000

3384000

kh
B kh

Kg

3.18

795000

712000

B malt,

Kg

15.92 18.49 1592 1849

3980000

3560000

Go m
B hoa

Kg

0.62

0.72

155000

144000

Nc

ra Lt

49.1

45.79 4910 4579

b
Men ging Lt

10.73 11.01 1073 1101

2682500

2202000

10

Men ti sn Lt

1.07

267500

220200

11

xut
Lng

82.14 93.55 8214 9355

25035000 18710000

12

nc nu
Lng C02 Kg

3.24

3.74

324

374

810000

740000

13

to ra
Cht tr lc Kg

0.09

0.09

22500

18000

15

Cht

st Kg

0.07

0.07

17500

14000

16

trng
Lng Co2 Kg

0.22

0.26

22

26

55000

52000

17

np vo
Lng

50

50

5000 5000

nc

Lt

Lt

3.59

318

62

1.101 107

sinh

52

359

72

110.1

12275000 8300000

12500000 10000000

K hoch sn xut .
Nh my sn xut bia quanh nm nhng lng bia sn xut nhiu hay t tu
thuc vao ma ma nng kh nng tiu th tng ln sn lng bia sn xut tng
ln trong ma nng. Hn na do bia chai lng tiu th cc thi im l chnh
lch kng ng k(ng k nht l lng bia hi) . Nn ta chn k hoch sn
xut nh sau:
Mi nm nh my sn xut lng bia l 45x106lt
Trong lng bia hi

: 100 BX 25 triu lit

Lng bia chai : 110BX 20 triu lit

K hoch sn xut c phn b theo qu nh sau
Qu
Sn lng
Bia hi
Bia chai

I
10x106
5x106
5x106

II
12.5x106
7.5x106
5x106

II
12.5x106
7.5x106
5x106

IV
10x106
5x106
5x106

tnh ton ta tnh cho thng c sn lng cao nht l cc thng trong qu
II hoc qy III
Sn lng trong thng l 12.5x106/ 3 =4.17x106 lt
Mi ngy lng bia c nu l
4.17x106/25 =167.000 lt
thun li v tit kim thi gian ta chn ngy nu 4 m trong c 2 m bia
hi v 2 m bia chai.
Sn lng bia hi trong mt ngy:

7500000
= 100.000(lit )
25 x3

53

Sn lng bia chai trong mt ngy:

5000000
= 66.667 (lit )
25 x3

Vy mi m bia hi l: 50.000 lit

mi m bia chai l: 33.334 lit
Cho nn ta phi tnh thit b cho 50.000 lit bia / m / ngy (ly s liu cn bng
vt cht cho bia chai)

V. TNH V CHN THIT B

I. THIT B PHN XNG NU

1.

nh lng nguyn liu cho 1 m nu

c ln bng ngay ti cn tin theo di trnh nhm ln

Malt c nh lng chun 50 kg \ bao
Go c nh lng chun 100 kg \ bao
Cn dng cn l loi cn bn c cc thng s sau
*Trng lng cn ti a 500 kg
*Sai s cho php +1kg
*Kch thc cn :
*Di x Rng xCao: 1200x1000x1200 (mm)

54

2.My nghin
+ Nghin malt .
Lng malt cao nht dng trong mt ngy l:
167000 .13.16
= 22712 (kg )
100

Thi gian lm vic 2 ca mi ca 4 gi

H s s dng ca my l : 0,8
Chn my nghin 3 i trc c tnh k thut l
*Kch thc my : Di x Rng x Cao : 1800 x1600 x1600(mm)
*Nng sut my : 2000kg\gi
*Cng sut ng c :10 kw
*Trng lng my :2500 kg
*Kch thc 3 i trc : 600mmx250mm
*S lng my cn dng :

M =

G
22712
=
= 1.4195
Q T 2 x 4 x 2000

Trong M: l s my cn dng
G= 5254 s lng malt cn nghin trong mt ngy
Q=2000 nng sut my nghin
T=8(h) thi gian my lm vic trong 1 ngy
Vy ta chn 2 my nghin
55

Nu ta chon 2 my nghin, tch kim thi gian ta c th cho 2 my lm vic 2

ca, mi ca 3 ting.
+ Nghin go
Lng go cao nht trong mt ngy l :
167000 x5.64

100

= 9418.8(kg )

My lm vic nh k 2 ca mi ca 3 gi
*Chn my nghin ba MM-03
*Nng sut my l 1000kg\gi
*Kch thc gung nghin 300x180(mm)
*Cng sut ng c : 7 KW
*Kch thc my :Di xRng xCao:1400x 1600x1600(mm)
*Trng lng my :2000kg
*S ba :72
*S lng my cn dng l

G
9418.8
=
= 1.56
Q T 100 x 2 x3

Vy ta ch 2 my
3. Thng cha bt malt

Mt tn bt malt th tch l: 1,3 m3

Hao ht do xay nghin l: 0,5%
Mt m cn: 6580kg malt
Mt m cn:2820kg gao
56

Th tch dng cho 1 m l

(6580-282)x1.3x10-3x0.995=8.1465 m3
H s y l 0.9 vy th tch thng cha bt malt l :
8.1465/0.9=9.052 m2
Chn Vthng=9.1 m2

Chn hnhg cha hnh tr y mn gc y 60o . ta c chiu cao nn .

H=

D
D
D
tg = tg 60 0 = 1.732
2
2
2

Chn D=H gc y 600

V = D 2

D=3

H 1 D 2 D
+
1.732
4 3 4
2

9 .1
= 2.2( m)
0.8572

D=H=2.2 (m)
h=D/2 tg600=1.9(m)
57

Vy ta chn thng cha bt malt bng tn hnh tr y nn gc y nn gc

y 600chiu cao H=ng knh D
D=H=2,2(m)
H=1,9(m)
4. Thng cha bt go :
Mt tn bt go th tch l 0.75m3 .
Tn tht do xay nghin l 0.5% .
Th tch ca go dng cho mt m l:
2820x0.75x10-3x0.995=2.104 m3

Mt tn bt malt th tch =1.3m3 vy 10% malt dng cho mt m l :

M=

10
2820 0.995 10 3 1.3 =0.364767 m3
100

Vy th tch nguyn liu l dng cho mt m nu .

0.364767 + 2.104 = 2.46867 m3
-Th tch thng l :

D=

2.5
=1.4287 (m)
0.8572

58

D=H=1.85m
h=1.24m

5. Gu ti
vn chuyn nguyn liu theo phng thng ng hay phng nghing 45o.
Nguyn liu a vo sn xut cao nht trong mt ngy l .
Malt : 22712 (kg)
Go : 9418.8 (kg)
chun b nguyn liu cho nu 4 m trong mt ngy th ta phi b tr sao cho
p ng hay b ch hp l .
Gu ti mi ngy lm vic 2 ca mi ca 4 ting . 2 ting ti go 2 ting ti malt
Ly hiu sut lm vic ca gu ti l 0,9
Nng sut lm vic ca gu ti l :
22712
= 6308( kg )
2 2 0.9

Chn gu ti c tnh k thut

Nng sut gu ti 6.5 tn \gi
Cng sut ng c 0.8 KW
6. Ni h ho
Lng go nu cho mt m l:2820(kg)
Lng malt lt

: 282

Nc phi trn vi nguyn liu theo t l 1:5

Vy tng s lng dch trong ni l :
(2820 x 6 +2820 x6)x0.995 = 18518.94(kg)
59

T trng ca dch bt l 1.08kg/lt

18518 .94
= 17147 .17(lit )
1.08

Vd =

H s s dng ca ni nu cho l 0,8

Vy th tch ni l :
V =

17147 .17
= 21434 (lit ) 21.434( m 3 )
0.8

Ly H=0,5D
Th tch thng c tnh theo cng thc :
V=0.15D3
D=3

21.434 8
= 3.79 3.8(m)
3.14

Cc thng s ni h ho:
*ng knh ni :D=3.8m
*Chiu cao phn lp :h1=0.38m
*Chiu cao phn y :h2=0.38m
*Chiu cao thn thng: H=1.9m
*Chn ng knh cnh khuy 3m
*Tc vng quay 40 vng /pht
*Cng sut ng c 5 Kw
*Tnh din tch b mt truyn nhit
F=

Q
Kt

Q: l khi lng nhit qua b mt t nng (kcal/h)

K: l h s dn nhit : Kcal/m2.h.0C
t: trung bnh hiu gia nhit hi nng v khi dch cn un nng
t=t-ts=140-100=40
60

Tnh Q.

Q= Q1/T

Trong :
Q1 : l khi lng nhit cn thit ch to nhit max
T : l thi gian cp nhit
Vi ni h ho Q c xc nh chu k ti nhit ln nht tc l thi gian un
t 45 0C-860C trong 55 pht
Q1= GC( t2-t1)
Trong :
G: l khi lng m nu
C: l t hn hp cho
T2=860C T1=450C
C=

C CK M CK + C NC M NC
M

Trong M l Tng nguyn liu cn un nng

CCK=0.34kcal/kg0C
MCK=2820x0.86+282x0.93=2687.46(kg)
CNC=1
MNC=(3102-2687) +3102x5 = 10924.54 (kg)
M= 18518.94(kg)

C=

0.34 2687.46 + 10924 .54

= 0.64
18518 .94

Q1=18518.94x0.64x41=485937Kcal
Q=

485937
60 = 530113 Kcal
55

61

Tnh K (h s truyn nhit)

K=

1
1
1
+ +
1 2

1 : h s cp nhit t hi nng n thnh ni P=2.5atm th =600 kcal/m2h

00C
2: h s cp nhit t thnh ni vo dch 2 =200p kcal/m2h00C=3200
: H s dn nhit ca thnh ng vi o hi bng thp =50
S dy ca o hi , chn 3x10-3 ( m)

k=

1
= 1776 kcal / m 2 h 0 C
1
0.004
1
+
+
6000
50
3162 .3

Tnh t
t =

52.2 38.2
= 45 0 C
52.2
2.3 lg
38.2

Thay s :

F=

530113
= 6.63(m 2 )
1776 45

7.Ni ng ho .
Lng bt malt cho mt m nu l : 6580(kg)
62

Dng: 282 kg matl lt

Lng dch c sn trong ni ng ho l:
(6580-282)x6x0.995=37599.06(kg)
t trng dch l :d=1.08kg/lt
Vy th tch khi dch l :
V =

37599 .06
= 34813 .95(lit )
1.08

Lng nc t ni h ho bm sang bay hi l 10%

Ton b khi dch ni ng ho l:
Vtng =Vng ho + Vh ho x 0.9 = 50246.4 lit
H s s dng ni l 0.8 .
* Vy th tch ni l :
V =

50246 .4
= 62808(lit ) = 62.81(m 3 )
0.8

Tng t nh ni h ho
Ta chn H=0.5D

D=3

8 xV 3 8 x62.81
=
= 5.43(m)

3.14

Chn D=5.5m
Cc thng s ni ng ho :
*ng knh:D=5.5m
*Chiu cao thn thng : H=2.75m
*Chiu cao phn lp : h1=1m
*Chiu cao phn y : h2=0.8m
63

*ng knh cnh khuy: 4.6 (m)

*Cng sut nh mc :6 kw
Tnh b truyn nhit tng t ni h ho :
Tnh Q:
Q c xc nh chu k ti nhit ln t 65-75 0C trong vng 15 pht v lc
ny chu k ti nhit l ln nht .
Q=Q1 /T .
Trong
Q1 : Lng nhit cn thit to nhit max.
T: thi gian cp nhit
Q1=GC(t2-t1)
Trong G : l khi lng mt m
C:t nhit hn hp malt v cho
t1=650C,t2=750C
Mmalt=6580x0.93 = 6119.4 kg
C=

M malt C malt + C nc M nc + M chao C chao

M

Mnc =(6580-6119.4)+10924.54x0.9+6580.5 = 43192.686 (kg)

Trong 0.07 l m ca malt
0.08 l lng nc bay hi khi un
Mchao=2687.46 (kg)

64

C=

6119.4 0.34 + 43192 .686 + 2687 .46 0.34

= 0.90
6119.4 + 43192 .686 + 2687 .46

G=51999.6 (kg)
Q1=51999.6x0.9(75-65)= 467996 kcal
Vy:
Q=

467996 x 60
= 1871983(kcal / h)
15

Tnh t
t =

73.2 63.2
= 68.25 0 C
573.2
2.3 lg
363.2

K=1776Kcal/m2.h.0C
Thay s ta c:

F=

1871983
= 15(m 2 )
1776 x68.25

8.My lc dch ng( my p lc khung bn )

Lng dch ni ng ho l: 50246.4 (lit)
Trong qu trnh ng ho lng nc hao ht 0.3% .
Vy lng dch a i lc l :
50246.4x0.997 = 50095.66 (lt)
65

H s s dng my l: 0.7
*Do nng sut my lc l :

N=

50095 .66
= 71565 .23(lit )
0.7

Qu trnh lc trong dch ng 30-40 (pht) kt thc . (Chn l 40 pht)

Vy nng sut my lc (lit/gi):
71565.23x60/40=107347.85 (l/h)
Ta c th s dng my lc khung bn thng s sau .
*Nng sut my lc : 108000 lt/h
*Kch thc khung :1200 1200 100(mm)
*Kch thc bn :1200 1200 50(mm)
Mi m nu c :9245 kg b
Mi khung c th tch l :
1200 1200 100=0.144(m3)
S khung cn cha ht b l :
9245/144=64.2
Vy s khung l :65khung
S bn l : 64 bn
My c kch thc l : 15000 300 2000
p sut lc : P ban u =0.2-0.4 kg/cm2 .
66

p sut ra : Pcui =1.5-1.8 kg/cm2.

6. Thng cha b malt + go sau khi lc .
Qua bng tng hp phn bng sn phm 11oBX ta c lng b m 1 m l :
9245 kg b malt + go
Vi m 80% chim 1 th tch l 1,5 (lt )
Th tch khi b l 9245x1.5=13867.5 (lt ) 13.8675 m3
H s s dng 90% V thng l :
13.8675
= 15.409 m 2
0.9

Chn thng cha b hnh tr y nn lm bng tn gc y nn =60o. D=H

v = 15.41 =

D 2 H 1 D 2 D
7.73D 3
+
tg =
= 15.41m 3
4
3 4 2
24

D=2.479m3 2.5m3.

h=

D
2.5
tg =
1.73 = 2.163(m).
2
2

D=H=2.5m3.

9.Ni nc nng .
Mi m nu nc ra b cn l 24550 (lt )
Mt khc khi nu ni phi c v sinh bng nc nng do lng nc v
sinh thit b ni cho , ni ng ho , ni nu hoa , ni lc thng lng trong
ng ng cn khong 5450 lt .
67

Vy lng nc c trong ni l :
24550+5450=30000 (lt )=30(m3)
H s s dng ni l 0.8

V=

30000
= 37500 (lit )
0.8

Chn H=D.
Chn thit b un nng hnh tr y chp . C ng xon rut g .

V = 37.5m 3 =

D 3
4

D=3.63m : H=3.63m.
Tnh din tch b mt truyn nhit ca ni nc nng .
F=Q/ktt (m2 )
G ( khi lng nc )
Tnh :
Q=GC T .(kcal/h)C (T nhit ca nc ) ( C=1kcal/kgoC )
=100-25=75oC hiu s to ca nc trc v sau khi un .
G=30 (m3)= 30000 (lit)
Vy Q=30000x1x75=2250000 (kcal/h)

68

Tnh tt
t t =

t m t k
t
2.3 lg( m )
t k

tm=1.38.2-25=113.2oC .
tk=138.2-100=38.2oC .

t =

75
= 66.37 0 C
2.3 lg 2.96

Tnh K. ( h s truyn nhit )

k=

1
(kcal / m 2 h 0 C )
1
1
+ +
1 n 2

1=4500 i vi ng rut g .
2=2000p P=2.5atm.
=50
chn =2m m. =0.002m.
Vy :
k=

1
= 1724 kcal / m 2 h 0 C
1
0.002
1

4500
50
3162.27

B mt truyn nhit:

F=

Q
2250000
=
= 19.66( m 2 )
Kt 1724 66.37

Tnh chiu di ng rut g .

69

L=

19.66
19.66
=
= 208.7( m)
D
3.14 0.03

Chn ng knh ng rut g D =0.03m.

Chiu di l:208.7 m
Nhm cc cht tr lc cho bia . bt iatomid,, kizelgua.
11. Ni nu hoa :
Lng dch trc khi nu hoa l Mt m l :
116.38x50000/100=58190 lt 58.2 m3
Lng hoa b xung vo qu trnh nu l (1m )
0.18x50000/100=90 (kg)=0.09 (m3)
Chn h s s dng ni nu hoa l 0.8 .
*Vy th tch thc ca ni l :

v=

58.2 + 0.09
= 72.863(m 3 ).
0.8

d3 = 72.863 (m3 ) D=H=4.53m

-Chn ni nu hoa c cc thng s sau
*ng knh ni

: D=4.53m

*Chiu cao thn ni : H=4.53m

*Chiu cao chm

: h1 =0.5m
70

*Chiu cao y

: h2=0.5m

*ng cch khuy : D=4m

*Tc 30v/pht .
Tnh din tch b mt truyn nhit ca ni .
F=Q/kt.
Vi Q=1871983 (kcal/h).
1=600kcal/m2h0C
S=3mm=0.003m.

k=

1
1
=
= 1776 ( kcal / m 2 h o C )
1
1
1
0.003
1
+ +
+
+
1 2 6000
30
3162.3

Din tch b mt truyn nhit l :

F=

Q
1871983
=
27.6(m 2 )
kt 1776 38.2

12. Thng lng cn v ngui dch ng n 90oC .

Lng dch ng a vo mt m nu th tch l :
113.57x50000/100=56785 (lt )
71

H s s dng 90%.
-Th tch ca thng l :
56785
= 63094 .5
0.9

Chn thng lng hnh tr dch chy tip tuyn vi thnh ng

Chiu cao thn thng H=D.
Chiu cao chm cu h=0.2D
Bn knh R=0.5D

V =

D 2
h
+ (h 2 + 3r 2 )
4
6

V =

D=3

D 2
D 2
D+
( D + 3 (0.5D) 2 ).
4
6
63.1
= 4.175(m)
0.867

-Vy ta chn ni lng xoy c cc thng s sau

*Chiu cao ni : H = D =4.18 m
*Chiu cao chp :h = 0.836 m.
14. Bm
Ta ly dch ng t ni nu hoa chuyn sang , cng sut bm qui chun cho
ton b dy truyn phn xng nu.
Th tch dch cho mt m nu l :
VVmax = 113.57x5000/100 = 56785 (lit)
72

Thi gian bm dch l 20 pht

H s s dng bm 0.8
Vy nng sut bm

56785 60
= 212943 .75(lit / h)
20 0.8

Vy s dng bm c nng sut 213 (m3/h)

Nhng bm cn s dng :
*Bm 1
T ni h ho sang ni ng ho
T ni ng ho sang lc khung bn
*Bm 2
T lc khung bn sang nu hoa
T nu hoa sang thng lng xoy
*Bm 3
T thng lng xoy sang ni lm lnh nhanh
*Bm 4
Bm nc si
Bm t b cha chung
II.Thit b phn xng ln men
1. My lnh nhanh :
H nhit t 90oC - 60oC = nc l ( thi gian 30 pht ).
Khi nhit nc l 20oC ra l 30oC
Dng nc mui lm lnh dch ng t 60oC -16oC ( trong 35 pht )
Nc mui vo l -10oC
73

Ra l + 5oC.
15.1 Tnh din tch truyn nhit i vi nc l .

F=

Q
kt

Q : Lng nhit i qua

K: H s dn nhit .
t: Nhit nc ng .
Q= GC (t1-t2) (kcal)
G l lng nc ng kg
Mt m l 119.63x50000/100=59845 kg
C l t nhit ca nc ng (kcal /kgoC ):
C=0.95
t1 , t2 Nhit u v cui khi lm lnh dch ng .
t1 =900C ,t2=600
Q=1705582.5(kcal)
Trong 30 pht vy trong 1 gi l :
1705582.5x2 =3411165(kcal/h) .
K=1100kcal/m2hOC
t =

t1 t 2
t
2.3 lg 1
t 2

t1 l hiu s ln nht gia hi nng v khi dch cn un .

t2 l hiu s nh nht gia hi nng v khi dch cn un .
t1 =90-30=60
74

t2=60-20=40
t1
= 1.5
t 2

t1-t2=20.
t =

20
20
=
= 50 o C
2.3 lg 1.5 0.4

Thay s :

F=

Q
3411165
=
= 62.021(m 2 )
kt 50 1100

Gi din tch truyn nhit ca mt tm l 0.8x0.5

S tm l :

62.021
= 155.1(t ) 156(t )
0.8 x0.5

Vy ta chn 156 tm
1.5.2 tnh din tch truyn nhit i vi nc mui l :

75

F=

Q
(m 2 )
kt

Q= G C( t2 - t1) kcal
Q=59845 x 0.95(60-16) =2501521 (kcal)
Lng nhit tn cho cho lm lnh 160C qui ra 1 gi l (T 35 pht)
2501251
60 = 4288321 .7( Kcal )
35

K=1100(kcal/ m2h0C)

t =

t1 t 2
t
2.3 log 1
t 2

Vi t1=60-2=580C
t2=16+10=260C
t1-t2=32
t1\t2=2.23
t =

F=

Thay s

32
= 40 0 C
2.3 log 2.23

428832 .7
= 97.5( m 2 )
110 40

76

97.5
= 243.75(t ) 244(t )
0.8 0.5

s tm l :
+ Tnh nng sut v chn thit b
-Dch cn lm lnh mt m l 56785(lt)
-H s s dng thit b l :0.8
* Nng sut my l :

N=

56785
= 70981 .25(lit / h)
0.8

-Chn my lnh nhanh c cc thng s sau:

* M my AUT-11
* Nng sut : 71000 ( lt /h)
*S tm bn lm lnh bng nc thng 156 tm
*S tm bn lm bng nc mui

244 tm

*p lc cn thit :
* Dch ng : 3kg/cm2
* Nc

: 2 kg/cm2

* Nc mui : 1 kg/cm2
* Kch thc my : Di xRng xCao =2000x1000x1000(mm)
2 Thit b ln men
2.1 Qu trnh ln men chnh v ln men ph .
Trong cng mt thit b ln men
77

Hnh tr y cn c h thng my lnh bn ngoi lm bng thp khng d thng

c bo n bng lp xp cn chu c p lc c p k o c h thng v sinh
v thu hi C02
Lng dch a vo ln men 1 m l :
110.16 x 50000/100 = 55080(lt)
H s s dng l 0.85
*Vy th tch thng l:
355080\0.85=64.8 m3 65 m3
Chn H=1.5D ( gc y l 600)
Chiu cao y:

h1 =

Vthung =

Dtg 60 0 D 3
=
= 0.866 D
2
2

D 2
1 D 2
D 3
H+
h1 =
1.8
4
3
4
4

D=3

4V
4 65
=3
= 3.583(m)
1.8
1.8

-Vy ta chn thng ln men c cc thng s sau :

* ng knh D =3,6(m)
* Chiu cao thn thng: H=5.4(m)
* Chiu cao y h1=3.12(m)
78

* chiu cao chm : h2=0.72(m)

Tnh s lng thng ln men:
Thi gian ln men chnh :7 ngy
Thi gian lm men ph :10 ngy
Thi gian v sinh thng:1 ngy
Vy chu k ln men l 18 ngy
18 ngy cn 18x4=72 thng (4 m)
4 thng d tr
Vy ta chn 76 thng
2.2 Thit b gy men ging cp II
Th tch thng ln men ging cp II = 1\10 th tch thng ln men chnh
V1=1/10 x65=6.5(m3)
-Ta chn thng lm men ging cp II c cc thng s sau :
*ng knh thng

: D=2.0.23 .2.03(m)

*Chiu cao thn thng : H=20.3 (m)

* Chiu cao y thng : h1=0.5(m)
*Chiu cao chm

: h2=0.2 (m)

2.3 Thit b ln men ging cp I

V=1/3Vt=1/3x6.5=2.17(m3)

D=3

2.17 4
=1.4(m)

-Ta chn thng ln men ging c cc thng s sau

79

ng knh thng :D=1.4(m)

Chiu cao thn thng H=1.4(m)
h1=0.4(m)
h2=0.1(m)
2.4. Thit b ra men
Lng men thu hi c 100 lt bia thu 20 lt sa men
Vy 1 lit thu c 0.2 lit
Dng thit b V=2Vthu hi
Lng men thu hi sau mt m l :
50000x0.2=10000(lt)
V=2x10000=20000(lt) = 20(m3)
Chn 2 thng mi thng 10m3
Thn tr y chp H = D

D=3

*ng knh thng

10 x 4
= 2.335(m)

: D=2.34m

*Chiu cao thn thng : H=2.34(m)

*Chiu cao y

: h=0.5(m)

*Chn cnh khuy mi cho 5vng /pht

80

Chn my lc bia

Lng bia cao nht trong mt ngy l :

100.000+67.000=167.000(lt)
h s s dng l : 0.8
mi ngy lm vic 4 ca mi ca 3 ting
nng sut my l :

167000
= 26093 .75(lit )
4 2 0.75

vy ta chn my lc khung bn kn c lm bng inox c dng bt tr lc

Diatomit vi lc
-c tnh k thut sau:
*Nng sut l 30.000lt /gi
*Kch thc Di xRng x Cao: 5000x1500x1400(mm)
*p lc ti a l 8kg/cm2
*Kch thc bn lc :800x800(mm)
*Trng lng 5000kg
5. Thng bo ho CO2
Lng bia cn np trong mt ngy cao nht l :
100.000+67.000=167.000(lt)
Trong lng bia mi ngy np l :
Bia chai :20834 lt
Bia hi :20834lt
81

Chn thng co2 hnh tr kiu ng c lm bng inox chu c p sut

7kg/cm2
Chn 4 thng bo ho co2
2 thng dnh cho bia chai
2 thung dnh cho bia hi
Chn thng th tch V = 65 (m3)
H=D
D 3
V =
4
D=3

65 x 4
= 4.358( m)
3.14

D=H=4.36 m
III. Phn xng chit chai hon thin sn phm
y l phn xng gm cc cng on ra chai, chit chai ,p nt thanh trng
dn nhn i vi bia chai v ra bock chit bock i vi bia hi
A.BIA HI
1.My ra bock .
Lng bia hi cn thit trong ngy cao nht vi 4 ca sn xut l :
100.000 lit
Do hao tn 0.15% trong qu trnh chit
Loi bock c dung tch l : 50(lt)
S lng cn dng l
82

100.000
= 2.000(c)
50

Ta chn my ra bock mi ngy lm vic 12gi

H s s dng my l :0.8
Vy ta chn my c nng sut l
2.000
208.33bock / h
12 0.8

-Ta chn my ra bock c c tnh k thut sau:

*Nng sut 210 Bock/gi
*Dung tch bock 50(lt)
*p lc nc nng l 1.5-2atm
*Nhit ca nc ra :50-550C
*Cng sut ng c:5kw
*Kch thc 2000(mm)x3050(mm)x3100(mm)
*Khi lng 10.000 kg
2. my chit bock.
Lng bia cn thit cao nht trong ngy l :100.000lt
Mi ngy lm vic 2ca mi ca 4 gi
H s s dng my 0.8
Nng sut my trit bock:

N=

100000
= 15625(lit / h)
4 2 0.8

-Ta chn my chit bock U2 ca nga c c tnh k thut

83

*Nng sut :20000lt /h

*p sut :0.7atm
*Cng sut ng c: 8 KW
*Kch thc 7000x3000x3000(mm)
*Trng lng my : 3000(kg)
*S vi chit : 8 vi
B.Bia chai
1. My ra chai :
Lng bia cao nht trong ngy :

67.000 lit

Tiu hao trong qu trnh ng chai thnh phm l 4%

67000
= 69792 (lit )
0.96

Vy nng sut yu cu ca bia chai c dung tch l 0.5lt

Mi ngy lm vic 2 ca mi ca 6 gi
69792
= 11632 (lit )
0.5 2 6

H s s dng my l 0.8

Q=

11632
= 14540 (chai)
0.8

-Chn my ra chai c c tnh k thut sau:

*Nng sut 15000chai /h
84

*Chu k mt vng 12,9 pht

*Chu k ngh 1.9 pht
*Dung tch cha kim 6000lt
*ng knh van s kim 32(mm)
*Lng nc tiu tn 1500 lt /h
*S vng quay bm 1450 v/p
*Cng sut ng c dn 5kw
*Bm nc 2.5kw
*Bm kim 2.5kw
*Kch thc my 8000x4000x2000(mm)
*Trng lng 4000 kg
2 .My chit chai
Nng sut chit tng ng vi nng sut ra chai
- Chn my c c tnh k thut sau :
*Nng sut 15000 chai/h
*S chai ng cng mt lc 10 (chai)
*p sut khng kh 2,5atm
*p sut ng nt 6 (kg/cm2)
*cng sut ng c 3 kw
*trng lng my 6000 kg
*kch thc my 2500x3000x2500 (mm)
3.My p nt chai.
-Chn my c c tnh k thut sau:
*Nng sut 15000 chai /h
*S chai ng cng mt lc 10 (chai)
*p sut khng kh 2.5atm
85

*p sut ng nt6(kg/cm2)
*Cng sut ng c 1.8 kw
*Trng lng my 2500kg
*Kch thc my :2000x1000x2500(mm)
4. My thanh trng
-Chn my c c tnh k thut sau:
*Nng sut 15000 chai
*Dung tch chai 0.5lt
*Th tch b cha nc 750C:1.42m3
*Th tch b cha nc 650C:1.78m3
*Th tch b cha nc 350C: 1.155m3
*Lng nc lnh 8m3/h
*p sut hi thanh trng 2(kg/cm2)
*Cng sut : bm b nc 750C 4Kw
bm b nc 650C 4Kw
bm b nc 350C 4Kw
*ng c chuyn chai vo :2Kw
*Kch thc my : 7000 x 3500 x 3000(mm)
*Trng lng my :5000 kg
5. My dn nhn
-Chn my c c tnh k thut sau :
*Nng sut 15000 chai/h
*S vng quay 13.7v\p
*S nhn dn 5 vng\chai
*Tc b nht ca bng truyn 0.28(m\s)
*Cng sut my 2 KW
86

*Kch thc my 2500x1500x1000(mm)

Bng tng hp thit b phn xng nu

Tn thit b

TT

Nng sut

lng

Cng sut Kch thc DRC

ng

(mm)

c(kw)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Cn
My nghin go
My nghin malt
Gu ti.
Ni h ho
Ni ng ho
Thit b lc dch

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

500 kg
1000kg/h
2000kg
6500kg/h
21434lt
62808lt
108000lt/h

8
9
10
11

ng
Ni un nc si.
Ni nu hoa
Thng lng xoy
Bm dch

1
1
1
4

37500lt
72863lt
63095lt
213000lt

7
10
2
5
5

1200x1000x1200
1800x1600x1600
1400x1600x1600
3800x2660
5500x4550
15000x3000x2000
3630x3630
4530x5530
4180x5016

Bng tng hp Thit b phn xng ln men

S
TT
1

Tn thit b

Nng sut

My lnh nhanh

lng
1

ng c(kw) (mm)
71000lt/h
2000x1000x1000
87

Cng

sut Kch thcD.R.C

2
3

Thit b ln men
Thit b nhn ging

76
1

65000lt
2170lt

3600x9240
1400x1900

Cp I
Thit b nhn ging 1

6500lt

2030x2100

5
6
7

cp II
Thit b ra men
My lc bia
Thng bo ho CO2

10m3
30000lt\h
65000lt

2340x2840
5000x1500x1400
4358x4358

2
1
4

Bng tng hp Thit b phn xng thnh phm

S
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Tn thit b

My ra bock
My chit bock
My ra chai
My chit chai
My p nt
My thanh trng
My dn nhn

lng
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

PHN VI

Nng sut

Cng sut Kch thcD.R.C

210bock/h
20000lt/h
15000chai/h
15000chai/h
15000chai/h
15000chai/h
15000chai/h

(kw)
5
8
10
3
2
2
1.5

TNH IN -HI -LNH- NC

88

(mm)
2000x3050x210
7330x3000x3000
8000x4000x2000
2500x3000x2500
2000x1000x2500
7000x3500x300
2500x1500x1000

A. Tnh hi cho ton nh my:

1) Tnh hi cho ni h ho:
Trong qu trnh h ho nhit c iu chnh nh sau:
450C/10 860C/30 720C/30 1000C/60
Tnh lng hi cho tng m: Q= G.C(t2 - t1)
G: khi lng dch ca 1 m nu
C: t nhit ca dch cho
t1, t2: nhit u, cui
Tnh G: khi lng dch cho 1 m 18519 kg
Tnh C:

C = C1

100 - W
W
+ C2
100
100

C1: t nhit cht ho tan: 0,34 kcal/kg0C

C2: t nhit nc nu: 1 kcal/kg0C
W: hm lng nc ca dch cho: 83,33%

C = 0,34

16,67 83,33
+
= 0,9 kcal/kg0C
100
100

*Tnh nhit lng cung cp cho dch cho t 450C n 860C

- Q11 = 18519 x 0,9(86 - 45) =683351.1kcal

Lng nhit duy tr dch cho nhit 860C/30 l 540W

Lng nc bay hi tnh cho 1h l 5%

89

W = 18519

5 1
= 643kg
100 2

- Q21 = 540 x 643 = 347220kcal

Do qu trnh h nhit t 860C xung 720C ta khng phi cung cp

nhit. Vy lng nhit duy tr 720C/30 l Q = 540W
Lng nc bay hi tnh cho 1h l 4%
4 1

Q13 = 540 x18519 x

x = 200005 kcal
100 2

Lng nhit nng dch h ho ln 1000C/1h l :

Q41 = 18509 x 0,9(100 - 72) = 466678.8kcal

Lng nhit duy tr dch cho 1000C/1h l

Q15 = 540(18509 x

8
x1) = 799588.8 kcal
100

Tng nhit tiu tn cho ni h ho :

5

Q1 = Q1i = 2496843.7kcal
i =1

2) Tnh hi cho ni ng ho:

Qu trnh ng ho nhit c iu chnh nh sau:
520C/30 630C/50 730C/50 780C/20
Tng t nh ni h ho:
90

Q= G.C(t2 - t1)
C= 0,9 kcal/kg0C
G: khi lng dch ng ho
G= 50246.4 x1.08=54266.112kg
W: m dch cho tnh theo %
W = 83,33%
Ban u dch ng ho t 500C nng nhit ln 520C ta dng cng
thc
Q12 =54266.112 x0.9(52-50)= 97679kcal
Lng nhit duy tr dch ng ho nhit 520C/30
3 1

Q22 = 540 x 54266.112 x

x = 439555.507 kcal
100 2

*Nng nhit t 520C ln 630C cn

Q32=54266.112x0.9(63-52)= 537234.51kcal
Lng nhit duy tr dch ng ho nhit 630C(50)
4 5

Q24 = 540 x 54266.112 x

x = 976790. kcal
100 6

*Nng nhit dch t 630C ln 730C cn

91

Q52 = 54266.112 x 0,9(73 -63)= 488395.008 kcal

Lng nhit duy tr dch ng ho nhit 730C
5 5

Q26 = 540 x 54266.112 x

x = 1220987.52 cal
100 6

*Nng nhit t 730C ln 780C cn lng nhit

Q72 = 54266.112 x 0,9(78 - 73 )= 244197.504 kcal
Lng nhit duy tr dch ng ho 780C trong (20)

6 1

Q28 = 540 x 54266.112 x

x = 586074. kcal
100 3

Vy Q2 = Q2 = 4590886.024 kcal
i

i =1

3) Tnh hi cho ni nu hoa vi dch ng

Nh tnh phn truyn nhit i vi ni nu hoa :
Lng nhit cn cho ni h ho l :
Q3=1871983 kcal

4) Tnh hi cho ni un nc

92

4.1) Lng nhit un nng nc pha trn nguyn liu

C: t nhit ca nc = 1 kcal/kg0C
G = (2820+282)x5 + (6580-282)x5=47000kg
T1 =450 (nhit nc pha trn nguyn liu)
T2 = 250(nhit ca nc thng)
Q14 = 47000 x (60 - 25) = 1645000 kcal
4.2) Lng nhit un nng nc ti 780C ra b malt, go, hoa sau khi
lc:

- Vy G =49.1x50.000/100 = 24550 (kg)

Q24 = 24550 x (78 - 25) = 1301150 kcal
4.3)Tnh lng nhit un nc nng ti 600C ra thit b
Nc ra thit b thng s dng 8% so vi tng dung tch ba thit
b cng li:
Thit b ng ho: 62808 lit
Thit b h ho: 21434 lit

157105 lit

Thit b nu hoa: 72863 lit

G = 157105 x

8
= 12568 .4 kg
100

Q34 = 157105x (60 - 25) = 5498675 kcal

4.4) Tnh nhit un nc nng ti 1000C ra men 2.2x500 = 1100
lit/m
93

G = 10000 kg
Q44 = 11000(100 - 25) = 825000 kcal
Tng : Q4 = 825000+5498675+1301150+1645000 = 9269825 kcal
Tnh tng lng hi tiu tn ton xng sn xut
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4
=2496843.7+4950886.024+1871983+9269825
=25362519.024 kcal
- i lng kcal nhit v dng hi theo cng thc:

D=

Q
25362519.0 24
=
= 45863.6 kg hi/m
i
653 100

Tnh lng hi cn cung cp trong thi gian 1h nu hoa

Coi thi gian cp hi l 12h/ngy, mi ngy nu 4 m. Vy lng hi
l:
45863.6 x 4
= 15287.87 kg/h
12

Lng hi tn tht ra mi trng xung quanhh: 15%

15287.87 : 0,85 = 17985.73 kg/h
- Chn ni hi c c tnh k thut nh sau:
* K hiu ni: LHG
*H s s dng: 0.7
*Nng sut 18.000kghi/gi
*p sut lm vic :8 atm
B. Tnh nhin liu (than) cho nh my:
94

Than nc ta ch yu l than gy. V vy ta chn loi than ny t l

hi
Nhit lng t 1 kg than l 5500 kcal/kg
- Lng nhin liu c tnh theo cng thc:
G=

D(i n i )
x100kg/h
Q

D: nng sut ni hi
in : nhit hm ca hi p sut lm vic
in = 660
i : nhit hm ca nc a vo ni = 60 kcal/kg
Q: nhit lng ca than 5500 kcal/kg
: h s tc dng hu ch ca ni , 75%

G=

18.000 x(660 60)

= 2618.2 kg/h
5500 x 0,75

Tn hao than do khi mang ra ngoi, chy khng ht l 20%

-

Lng than thc t:

2618.2 x

1
= 3272.75 kg / h
0,80

- Lng than dng ht trong ngy:

3272.75x 24 = 78546kg/ngy
- lng than dng trong mt thng l :
95

78546x25=1963650 kg
- lng than dng trong mt nm l :
1963650x12=23563800 kg
C. Tnh lnh cho nh my
Tnh lnh ca nh my ch yu l tnh lnh h nhit ca dch
ng, lnh cho b phn ln men, tng tr bia v bo ho CO2.
1. Tnh lnh h nhit ca dch ng:
Q1 = GC(t1 - t2)
G: khi lng dch ng cn lm lnh
G=59845 (kg) cho 1 m
C: t nhit ca dch ng 0,95 kcal/kg0C
t1,t2: nhit u, cui ca dch ng
t1 = 600C
t2 = 150C
Q1 = 59845x0,95(60 - 15)= 2558373.75kcal/h
Lng nhit h nhit dch ng t 1000C xung 150C trong 1
ngy l:
2558373.75x4=10233495 kcal/ngy
2. Tnh lnh cho qu trnh ln men:
Q21= Gq(b-c)

96

Q2 : l nhit lng lnh cung cp g nhit trong cc thng ln

men nm men n nh pht trin
G: khi lng ng c ln men
G=55080x1.054x4=232217.28 kg
c: nng cht ho tan ban u ca dch ng 110 S
b: nng thc cht cn li trong dch ng ln men 3.50S
q: lng nhit to ra khi ln men 1kg ng
q=144,6 kcal/kg ng
Q21= 232217.28x144,6(12-3.5)/100=2854182.58848kcal/ngy
Nhit lng to ra h xung nhit 10C cho nm men lng xung
y
Q22=GC(t2-t1)
Trong
G: l lng bia tng tr trong ngy
G=Vxd
V: th tch bia tng tr =55080x4=220320 lt
G: 1.0117x220320=222897.744kg
C: t nhit ca bia non =0.92
Q22=222897.744x0.92(14-1)= 2665857.01824kcal
Vy tn hao lnh do qu trnh ln men chnh.
97

Q2=2665857.01824+2854182.58848=5520039.61 kcal
3.Tnh hao tn lnh do qu trnh ln men ph trong mt ngy :
Tng t nh ln men chnh
Q1=232217.28x144,6(3.5-2.5)/100=335786.18688 kcal/ngy
*Nhit lng cn gi bia 20C
trn c s thc nghim c 100lt bia non cn 25kcal duy tr nhit 10C

vy tn hao lnh trong mt ngy l :

Q2=220320x25/100=55080 kcal
Vy Q3=335786+55080=390866 kcal
4.Tnh lnh h nhit nc ra men
Q4 = GC(t1 - t2)
G: 1000 kg (khi lng nc lm lnh)
C: t nhit =1
t1,t2: nhit u, cui ca dch ng
t1 = 250C
t 2 = 40 C
Q4 = 1000x1x(25-4 -)= 92000 kcal
5.Tn hao lnh do qu trnh sc CO2
sau khi lc bia nhit tng ln 50C ta cho vo thit b np CO2
98

c h thng nc mui lm lnh h nhit xung 10C

nhit lnh cn thit trong ngy :
Q5=232217.28x0.92x(5-1)= 854559.6 kcal
6.Tng nhit lnh cn cho nh my trong mt ngy:
Q=Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4+Q5= 17090780.2004 kcal
Cn c vo lng nhit tiu tn ta chn my lnh c cc thng s sau.
Nng sut my lnh c tnh theo cng thc

Qm =

Q
(kcal / ngay )
20

Q: l tng lnh hao tn cho ton nh my

:l h s hao tn lnh cho ton nh my =0.9
S gi lm vic trong ngy :20
Vy nng sut l :

Qm =

17090780.2 004
= 949488 ( kcal )
20 x0.9

99

* Chn my lnh c c tnh k thut sau

Stt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

c tnh
K hiu
Cng sut my lnh
Cng sut tiu th
Cng sut ng c
S xi lanh
Hnh trnh pittong
ng knh xilanh
Tc vong quay
Dung tch pitong
Kch thc dI x rng x cao
Khi lng

n v
Kcal/h
Kw
Kw
Ci
Mn
Mn
Vng/pht
M3/h
Mm
Kg

Thng s
ERW
1.000.000
48/67
15.0
8
130
150
720-690
396-528
2000x1500x1200
2000

D. Tnh in cho ton nh my

a) Tnh ph ti chiu sng:
Mc ch ca vic chiu sng: m bo chiu sng v to ra nh sng.
i vi nh my bia thng dng cc loi n nh: n bng c dy tc
phc v cho khu sn xut, n neon phc v khu vc hnh chnh.
Cch b tr: cc nh xng v khu vc sn xut b tr n cn c vo cc
thng s sau:
- Chiu cao n H tnh t mt t hay sn nh tr ln. Ly H=2.54.5m.
- Khong cch gia cc n L =2-3m
- Khong cch n ngoi cng n tng l l=0.25L
- S n chiu sng b tr theo chiu dc:

n1 =

A 2l
+1
L

A: chiu di nh
B: chiu rng nh

100

n2 =

B 2l
+1
L

Tng s bng n chiu sng N=n1xn2

b)
+

Tnh:
S n chiu sng nh nu nghin:
Ly L=3 m ; l=0.25 L=0.75m

n1 =

40 2 x0,75
+ 1 = 14 (bng n)
3

n2 =

15 2 x 0,75
+ 1 = 7 (bng n)
3

Tng s bng chiu sng nh nu :

N=(n1xn2)=14 x 7 = 98 bng
+ Chiu sng nh ln men:

n1 =

90 2 x 0,75
+ 1 = 31 (bng n)
3

n2 =

42 2 x 0,75
+ 1 = 15 (bng n)
3

Tng s bng: 31 x 15 = 465 bng

+ Chiu sng nh thnh phm
101

- Bia hi
n1 =

20 2 x0,75
+ 1 = 8 (bng n)
3

n2 =

20 2 x0,75
+ 1 = 8 (bng n)
3

- Bia chai

n1 =

30 2 x0,75
+ 1 = 11 (bng n)
3

n2 =

20 2 x0,75
+ 1 = 8 (bng n)
3

Tng s bng: 64 + 88 = 152 bng

+ Tng s bng nh sn xut chnh l : 152 +465+98 = 715 bng
Cng sut mi bng l :0.1Kw/gi
Vy tng cng sut cho nh nu l :715x0.1=71.5 kw
Tnh in chiu sng ca b phn ph tr cho sn xut, sinh hot:

STT Tn cng trnh

1
2

Nh gii thiu sn
phm
Nh n, nh ngh

Din tch
(m2)

S bng

Cng sut Tng

(W)

sut (W)

300

100

40

4000

200

30

40

1200

102

cng

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19

Nh hnh chnh
Nh xe 1
Nh xe 2
Nh bo v
Kho nguyn liu
Nh v sinh
Kho cht t
Nh ni hi.
ng i
Nh thnh phm 1
Nh thnh phm 2
Nh thu hi CO2
Xng c in
Bi v chai
Khu x l nc
B nc
Trm h th
Tng cng

400
500
300
100
200
310
300
100
3000
400
600
150
200
1650
450
450
50

40
80
20
20
40
30
30
20
50
40
60
15
20
40
20
10
5

40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40

1600
3200
800
800
1600
1200
1200
800
2000
1600
2400
600
800
1600
800
400
200
26800

Vy b phn sn xut dng 71.5 KW

B phn phi sn xut dng 26.8 KW
Tng cng sut chiu sng l: 98.3 KW
Tnh ph ti ng lc

STT Tn thit b
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

My nghin malt
My nghin go
Gu ti
Ni ng ho
Ni h ho
Ni nu hoa
Bn li tm phn
xng nu
My ra bock
My chit bock
My chit chai

S ng
c

Cng

sut Tng

nh

mc cng sut

2
2
1
1
1
1

(kW)
10
7
2
5
5
5

30

1
1
1

5
8
3

5
8
3

103

(kW)
30
14
2
5
5
5

11
12
13
14
15
16
17

My ra chai
1
My p nt
1
My thanh trng
1
My dn nhn
1
My lnh
1
Bm nc
4
Bm kh nn
2
Tng cng sut: 164.5 kW

10
2
2
1.5
15
4
4

10
2
2
1.5
15
16
8

Tr hao ph, vy ta ly tng cng sut l: 166 kw

Ngoi cc thit b trn cn c cc ph ti khc nh ht qut y gi . ni
hi,trm s l nc phng nghin cu kim nghim tt c ly =25% ph tI
ng lc nh my
166 x 0.25=41.5
Tng cng sut s dng in l:
41.5 + 166 + 71.5 + 26.8 =305.8 Kw

* Xc nh ph ti tnh ton :
Ph ti tnh ton tc l cng sut tnh ton dng thc t tnh ton v chn
my bin p ph hp cho nh my :
ptt=Kc.pl
vi
Kc: h s ph thuc vo mc mang ti ca thit b
Pdl : ph ti ng lc nh my
104

Vy: ptt=0.6 x 305.8= 183.48 (kw)

Xc nh cng sut v dng lng .
Xc nh h s cng sut cos
H s cng sut xc nh ph ti lm vic thc t ca cc thit b mang ti

cos =

( P ) 2 + ( Q ) 2

Trong :
P:tng cng sut cc thit b in
Q:cng sut phn khng ca cc thit b in
thc t cc thit b in thng lm vic non ti nn:

cos =

Pdl
2
Ptd2 + Q phu

trong :Ptd=Kc.Pdl+ Kk.Pcs

kk : h s chiu sng Kk=0.9
Kc=0.6
Pdl: cng sut ng lc =305.8KW
Pcs: cng sut chiu sng
Vy Ptd=0.6 x 305.8 x 0.9x98.3=271.95 KW
Vi cos =0.65 th =490C tg=1.15

105

Ta c : Qphu=271.95 x 1.15=312.8 (kw/gi)

cos =

271.95
(271.95) 2 + (312.8) 2

271.95
= 0.66
414.5

b. Tnh dung lng b .

Mc ch l nng h s cos mc ch l dng t in . Dung lng ca t xc
nh nh sau
Qb=Pt(tg 1 -tg 2 )
Trong :
Tg 1: tng ng vi cos l h s cng sut ban u
Tg 2 :tng ng vi cos 2 l h s cng sut nng ln
Khi c t in th cos 2 =0.95
Tac cos 2 =0.95 th tg 2 =0.31
Qb=271.95(1.15-0.31) =228.438 kw
Chn my bin p cho nh my
My bin p c tnh theo cng thc

2
S AB = Ptd2 + Q phu
= (217.95) 2 + (312.8) 2 = 414.5kw

106

Ta chn my bin p c cng sut 500 kw

VI .in nng tiu th trong nm
H s s dng my mc thit b ly 70%
Cos :h s cng sut :0.8
Thi gian s dng in ly 85%
S gi s dng in /nm l 300x24
Vy tng nng lng in cn s dng trong mt nm:
305.8 x 0.85 x 0.8 x 300 x 24= 1497196.8 kW/nm
E. Tnh nc cho ton nh my
1) Nc dng cho phn xng nu:
a) Nc dng pha trn nguyn liu:
Nguyn liu malt cho mt m nu: 6580 kg
Nguyn liu go cho mt m nu: 2820 kg
+ Tng lng nguyn liu: 6580 +2880 = 9460 kg
+ Lng nc cn phi phi trn l: 9460 x 5 =47300 kg
(t l nguyn liu trn nc bng 1/5)
+ Ngy nu 4 m, do vy lng nc cn pha trn l:
47300 x 4 = 189200 lit/ngy

107

b) Nc dng ra b sau khi lc 24550 cho mt m

Vy ngy nu 4 m l :
24550 x 4=98200 (lt)
c) Lng nc dng v sinh v ra thit b:
31700 x 2=63400 (lt)/ngy
Tng lng nc dng cho khu nu:
V1= 189200+98200+63400=350800 lit/ngy
2) Nc dng cho b phn lm lnh dch ng:
Nc dng lm ngui dch ng ly gp 2 ln so vi lng dch
ng:
Theo phn tch cn bng sn phm, lng dch cn lm ngui: 56785
lit/m
Lng dch cho 4m nu: 227140 lit/ngy
lng nc sau khi lm lnh b hao ht20%
Nc lm lnh dch ng l : 227140 x 2 x 20/100 =90856 (lt/ngy)
Nc v sinh: 227140 x 0.1=22714 lit/ngy
Ly 23000(lt)/ngy
Tng lng nc cho b phn lm lnh:
V2 = 90856 +23000=113856 lit
3) Nc v sinh cho b phn ln men:
108

+ Nc ra thit b ln men thng ly 5% so vi dung tch thit b. Mi

ngy v sinh 2 thng.
Th tch thng ln men l 65 m3
lng nc cn dng l:

65 x

5
x 4 = 13m 3 = 13000 lt /ngy
100

Nc v sinh sn nh, thng thu hi men:

1 m2 sn nh ta dng 3 lit/ngy
3600 m2 sn nh ta dng ht 10800 lit/ngy

Nc ra men: ta dng1000 l/ngy

Nc ra my lc bia: ta dng 1200 l/ngy

Tng lng nc cn dng cho b phn ln men l:
V3 =13000 +10800 +1000+1200= 26000 lit/ngy

4) Nc dng cho b phn thnh phm:

+ Lng bia hi ra trong mt ngy: 100.000 lit
Dung tch mi bock l :50
Do s lng bock cn ra:
100.000
= 2000bock
50

Lng nc ra bock l : 2000x15=30.000 lt

+ Nc v sinh nh xng, my: 2000 lit/ngy
+ Nc v sinh my chit chai: 1000 lit/ngy
109

+ Nc dng cho my ra chai:

Trung bnh 100 lit bia s dng ht 200 ci chai(dung tch 500ml)
67.000 lit(lng bia/ngy)

134.000chai

+ Mi chai ra ht 3 lit nc
nc ra chai: 134.000x3 = 402.000 lit/ngy
Tnglng nc dng cho b phn thnh phm l :
V4= 30.000 +2000 +1000 + 402.000= 435.000 lit/ngy
5) Nc dng cho my lnh:
+ Trung bnh c 1000 kcal tiu th ht 20 lit nc
+ Tng lng lnh cho nh my l:

17090780.2 004 x

20
= 341815.6 (lit / ngay )
1000

V5=341815.6 (lt /ngy)

6) Nc dng cho ni hi
Theo thc t th lng nc dng cho ni hi bng lng hi cung cp
cho ton nh my. Nhng 80% lng hi ngng t c a tr li ni hi
nn lng nc cn cho ni hi bng 20% lng hi cung cp cho nh my,
bit tng lng hi cho ton nh my bng 45863.6 kg hi/m
Ngy nu 4 m nn 45863.6 x 4 = 183454.4 lit/ngy

110

Vy lng nc l

183454.4 x

20
= 36690.88 (lt /ngy)
100

Vy: V6=2076.8(lt/ngy)
7) Nc dng cho cng nhn vin ,cn b nh my
Tng s ngi trong nh my l : 250 ngi
V7=250 x 40=10.000lt
* Tng lng nc cho ton nh my
8

V = Vi = 1279548.4 (lt /ngy) 1279.5484m3 /ngy

i =1

Vy lng nc dng trong mt ngy l : 1280 (m3)

Vy lng nc dng trong mt nm l : 1280 x 12 x 25 = 384000 m3

111

PHN VII. TNH XY DNG

I.Xy dng nh my bia nng sut 45 triu lt nm

Nh my c xy dng qun Kin An thuc Thnh Ph Hi Phng. Trc
y Kin An l mt Huyn ca tnh nhng c st nhp thnh qun t my
nm trc. y l ni c din tch t cha s dng tng i ln(Thun tin
cho vic mua cng nh thu t)
- a hnh khu t bng phng khng b xy ra ngp lt khi c ma bo
- H thng cp thot nc thun tin
- Ngun nc thnh ph v ngun nc t khai thc
- V tr nh my nm v pha ng nam ca thnh ph cch ng cao tc
xuyn xut H Ni Hi Phng khng xa nn rt thun tin cho qu trnh vn
chuyn thit b , nguyn liu v sn phm
- Vt liu xy dng ly t ngun cung cp nguyn liu thnh ph
II. Gii php hnh khi mt bng .
Tng bnh nh my l mt vn quan trng trong thit k .khi xy dng
phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
-Tng bnh phi ph hp vi dy truyn sn xut ngn nht . dy truyn
khng chng cho ln nhau v ph hp vi ci tin cng ngh trong tng lai.
- B tr tng bnh sao cho m bo giao thng ga cc b phn trong nh
my v bn ngoi. ng giao thng ngn nht , n gin nht , ta b tr
ng giao thng tun hon
- Kt hp cht ch cc iu kin a hnh ,a cht ,cng trnh ,thu vn sao
cho thi cng c d dng tit kim
- m bo v sinh an ton phng chy cha chy .
112

III . Tnh thuyt minh phn xng

Nh sn xut chnh
Gm cc b phn : nghin nguyn liu , nu ,ln men v thnh phm
c xy dng
Phn xng nu :

Chiu di 40 m
Chiu rng 15 m

Phn xng ln men :

Chiu di 90 m
Chiu rng 42 m

Phn xng thnh phm :

- Bia hi:
Chiu di 20 m
Chiu rng 20m
- Bia chai:
Chiu di 30 m
Chiu rng 20m
C 3 phn xng gp vo thnh nh sn xut chnh
c kt cu nh khung chu lc ,tng bao che .Mi c kt cu mi lp
tn x g hng thp ch c v ko st khu vc phng lnh dm sn h thng
ct thp ton khi v c lp cch nhit
Kch thc ct : 250x250mm
Tng dy 2500mm
a) phn xng nu : din tch 26x20=520m2

Gm 2 nh
+ nh chuyn b nguyn liu : Din tch l 144 m2
Gm cc thit b
1. Cn nguyn liu
2. My nghin malt
113

3. My nghin go
4. Gu ti
+ Nh nu :Din tch l 456 m2
Gm cc thit b :
1 Ni nc nng
1 Ni nu cho
1 Ni ng ha
1 My lc khung bn
1 Ni nu hoa
1Thng lng xoy
b) Phn xng ln men :
Din tch l 3780 m2
+ Phng vi sinh vt, cha men ging din tch l 18 x12=216 m2
+ Phng v sinh, cha dng c : 12 x 12 = 144 m2
+ Phng ln men chnh din tch l : 3420 m2
c)Phn xng thnh phm
- Bia hi: Din tch l : 400 m2
- Bia chai: Din tch l : 600 m2
1. Phng hnh chnh .
L khu nh 3 tng nm ngay cng chnh i vo tin li cho cn b cng nhn
vin i vo lm vic v khch n giao dch
Nh c xy din tch l : 40 x 10 = 400 m2
Cao mi tng l 3.3m
Cu thang b ch gia nh rng 2m
114

Hnh lang nh 1 m
Nh c xy cc phng nh sau .
+ Phng gim c
+ Phng k ton ti v
+ Phng hp
+ Phng khch
+ Phng k hoch
+ Phng cng on
2. Nh gii thiu sn phm
Din tch nh : 30 x 10 = 300m2
c xy dng gn cng chnh, c ca ln quay ra ng chnh thun li cho
vic by bn v gii thiu sn phm. Ti y c c trng by 1 s mu v cc
nhn hiu nh my
3. Nh n v nh ngh ca cng nhn
Din tch l : 12x20=240 m2
Nh xe .
Din tch l : 800 m2
Nh bo v
Din tch : 100 m2
Kho cht t
Din tch: 300 m2
9.Kho nguyn liu :
Din tch l 18x12=216m 2
10. Nh x l nc
Din tch l : 450 m2
11. Trm bin th
Din tch 50 m2
Mc ch l chuyn in cao th thnh in sn xut
12. H thng s l nc thi
Ta chn h thng s l nc thi aeroten
115

Din tch l: 450m2

15. Khu v sinh,
Din tch : 310 m2
16. Nh l hi
Din tch : 100 m2
17.Khu vc bi than, x
Din tch l 12x12:=250m2
18 .Nh thnh phm :
Din tch l :1000 m2
19.Khu ng v chai
Din tch l : =825 m2
20. Xng c in
Din tch : 200 m2
21. Nh thu hi CO2
Din tch l :150 m2
22. Nh Y t
Din tch: 100 m2
23. Nh khch
Din tch: 100 m2
24.Hi trng
Din tch: 100 m2
25. Khu ng v bock
Din tch: 850 m2
IV. tnh h s xy dng v h s s dng
Tng din tch xy dng nh my l :10000
Tng din tch khu t l :=40000m2

116

H s xy dng l:

K XD =

10000
= 25%
40000

Tng din tch s dng l: 30.000m2

H s s dng l :

K Sd =

30000
= 75%
40000

PHN VIII. TNH KINH T

A.Mc ch v ngha

117

Tnh kinh t l mt b phn quan trng trong cng vic xy dng hay thit k
cng trnh nh my . Da vo phn tnh kinh t chng ta nhn c cc n ga,
ln k hoch cho tiu cho nh my ht bao nhiu tin .Qua a ln c quan
thm quyn xt duyt
Phn kinh t l mt phng khng th thiu c trong khi thc hin hay thit k
cng trnh cho nh my n quy nh mi thng li trong sn xut , n cho thy
nh my c gi tr v gi tr s dng hay khng .
Da vo nng sut nh my c xy dng cc phn quan trng khc nhau nh
a Im xy dng nh my , chn dy truyn cng ngh chn thit b , tnh cn
bng sn phm thit k xy dng nh xng ton nh my . Tt c cc phn phi
c tnh , la chn sao cho kt qu c gi tr kinh t cao nht , quyt nh
xy dng nh my .
Cc nhu cu v lao ng , b my t chc qun l , ch lm vic tt c cc
vn trn u phi tnh ton t m , logic sao cho m li hiu qu kinh t cao
nht .
B.Ni dung tnh ton kinh t :
I.

Tnh nguyn liu v ng lc

Khon mc
Than
Nc
in

n v

n gi

S lng

Thnh tin

Kg
M3
KW

/ n v)
500
1.000
1.200

23563800
384000
1497196.8

11.781.900.000
384.000.000
1.796.636.160

Tng cng chi ph nguyn liu cho c nm : 13.962.536.160 (ng)

II.

tnh vn u t cho cng trnh xy dng

Bng 2:
118

Stt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

Cng trnh xy dng

Nh sn xut chnh
Nh gii thiu sn phm
Nh n, nh ngh
Nh hnh chnh
Nh xe 1
Nh xe 2
Nh bo V
Kho nguyn liu
Nh v sinh
Kho cht t
Nh ni hi.
Bi x,than
Nh thnh phm
Nh thu hi CO2
Xng c in
Bi v chai
Khu x l nc
Y t
Trm h th
Kho cha sn phm
Phng nn kh
Nh lnh
Phng khch
Hi trng
Tng cng

Din tch (m2)

4380
300
200
400
500
300
100
200
310
300
100
250
1000
150
200
1650
900
100
50
1500
150
100
100
600

n gi (ng)
1.500.000
800.000
1.000.000
1.200.000
400.000
600.000
800.000
700.000
800.000
700.000
800.000
200.000
800.000
800.000
700.000
300.000
600.000
800.000
700.000
400.000
800.000
800.000
1.000.000
1.200.000

Thnh tin
6.570.000.000
240.000.000
200.000.000
480.000.000
20.000.000
180.000.000
80.000.000
210.000.000
248.000.000
210.000.000
80.000.000
50.000.000
800.000.000
120.000.000
140.000.000
495.000.000
540.000.000
80.000.000
35.000.000
600.000.000
120.000.000
80.000.000
100.000.000
720.000.000
12.398.000.000

Xy dng ng giao thng cng rnh. Tng bao, bn hoa ly bng 15% so
vi gi tr cng trnh chnh
Vy tng s vn u t xy dng l:
12.398.000.000

1.15=14.257.700.000

(ng)

Vn u t thit b :
Bng 3
Stt

Tn thit b

S lng
119

n gi

Thnh tin

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
14
15
16
17
18
29

Cn bn
My nghin ba
My nghin trc
Gu ti.
Ni h ho
Ni ng ha
Ni un nc si.
Thit b lc dch ng
Thng nu hoa
Thng lc b hoa
Bn li tm phm xng nu
My lnh nhanh
Thng cha bt malt
Thng cha bt go
Thng ln men
Thng nhn ging
Thng hot ho
My lc bia
Thng cha bia thnh phm
My chit bock
Dy truyn bia chai
H thng lnh
H thng hi.
My bin th
My pht in
H thng nc
Bm nc
Bm kh nn
t
Tng cng

1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
76
2
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
2
6

1000.000
10.000.000
10.000.000
5.000.000
60.000.000
90.000.000
50.000.000
100.000.000
90.000.000
80.000.000
9.000.000
150.000.000
5.000.000
4.000.000
300.000.000
35.000.000
30.000.000
700.000.000
60.000.000
100.000.000
20.000.000.000
1.000.000.000
800.000.000
60.000.000
600.000.000
900.000.000
9.000.000
20.000.000
100.000.000

Cc thit b ph ly =10% so vi thit b chnh.

Chi ph vn ti lp t ly =15% so vi thit b chnh
Vy tng s thit b chnh l
49.629.000.000x1.1x1.15=62.780.685.000 (ng)
3. Vn u t cho ton nh my :
Vn u t =Vn xy dng + vn thit b
120

1.000.000
20.000.000
20.000.000
5.000.000
60.000.000
90.000.000
50.000.000
100.000.000
90.000.000
80.000.000
54.000.000
150.000.000
5.000.000
4.000.000
22.800.000.000
70.000.000
30.000.000
700.000.000
240.000.000
100.000.000
20.000.000.000
1.000.000.000
800.000.000
60.000.000
1.200.000.000
900.000.000
360.000.000
40.000.000
600.000.000
49.629.000.000

=14.257.700.000 + 62.780.685.000 =77.038.385.000 (ng)

III.Tnh tng qu lng cho nh my :
1. Tnh s cng nhn lm vic trong nh my :
* Phn xng nu
Phn xng nu ngy lm vic 3 ca .

Ni dung cng vic

S ngi /ca

Tng s ngi /ngy

Vn chuyn

1
3

2
3

3
3

Nghin

Nu

12

Lng lc
Tng s ngi

3
13

3
13

3
13

9
39

* Phn xng ln men

Ni dung cng vic

S ngi /ca

Tng s ngi /ngy

1
B phn lm lnh dch 3

2
3

3
3

B phn ln men

24

B phn lc bia
Tng cng

5
16

5
16

5
16

15
48

* Phn xng chit chai chit bock

121

Ni dung cng vic

S ngi /ca

Tng s ngi /ngy

1
Ra thanh trng bock 6

2
6

3
6

18

Chit bock

Dy truyn bia chai

Tng s

8
17

8
17

8
17

14
51

* Cc b phn sn xut ph
- C in lnh

: 25 ngi / ngy

- Hi nc

: 10 ngi/ngy

- i xe vn chuyn

: 10 ngi/ngy

-Vt t nhin liu bao b : 8 ngi/ngy

Tng cng :

53 ngi

*Tnh qun b qun l :

Bao gm ban gim k ton ti v -t chc tin lng - phng k hoch vt
t ,cung tiu phng k thut ,KCS ..yt v sinh Phng bo v - th kho
Tng cng l 50 ngi
Tng s ngi c mt trong nh my :
+s ngi trc tip sn xut + s cn b qun l .
=191+50=241 ngi
* Tnh h s iu khuyt .

s ngy lm vic ca my mc thit b

Hk=
122

s ny lm vic bnh qun cng nhn

Nh my lm vic 25 ngy/ thng .Vy s ngy lm vic ca my mc c nm l
300 ngy .
Thi gian lm vic ca mt ngi nh sau
-Thi gian lm vic theo ch : 300 ngy
-Vng do ngh php

: 10ngy

-Ngh do hp- cng tc

: 6 ngy

-Ngh m

:10 ngy

Tng s ngy ngh l 26 ngy :

Vy tng s ngy mt ngi c mt lm vic l :
300-26=274 ngy
Hk =300/274=1.09 1.1
S cng nhn c trong danh sch l :
191 x 1.1=210.1 210 (ngi)
Tng s ngi c mt trong nh my l :
210 +50 =260 (ngi)
2. Tnh tng qu lng cho nh my
Bnh qun lng tnh theo u ngi l 800.000ng/thng
Tng qu lng cho nh my trong mt nm l :
12 x 800.000 x 260=2.496.000.000 (ng)
IV. Tnh bo him x hi y t , kinh ph cng on
123

Ly bng 20% tin lng

2.496.000.000 x 0.2=499.200.000(ng)
V.Chi ph s dng my mc
Bng khu hao + chi ph sa cha
Ly bng 15% gi tr my mc thit b
62780685000 x0.15=9.417.102.750 (ng)
VI.Tnhkhu hao nm .
Bng khu hao my mc thit b +khu hao xy dng
VII. Tnh tng chi ph trong mt nm
1. Nguyn liu chnh : i vi bia 100S

Stt
1
2
3

Tn nguyn liu
Malt
Go
Hoa cnh

n v
Kg
Kg
Kg

S lng
2.875.000
1.232.500
38750

n gi
6.000
2.500
80.000

Thnh tin
17.250.000.000
3.081.250.000
3.100.000.000

Chi ph nguyn liu chnh cho bia hi 100S l: 23.431.250.000 (ng)

Nguyn liu chnh vi bia 110S

Stt Tn nguyn liu

1 Malt
2 Go

n v
Kg
Kg

S lng
2.620.000
1.122.000
124

n gi
6000
2500

Thnh tin
15.720.000.000
2.805.000.000

Hoa cnh

Kg

36.000

80.000

2.880.000.000

Chi ph nguyn liu chnh cho bia hi 110S l : 21.405.000.000 (ng)

Tng chi ph nguyn liu chnh:
G1=23.431.250.000 +21.405.000.000=44.836.250.000 (ng)
2.Nguyn liu ph :
Vi bia 100S ly 2% so vi nguyn liu chnh
23.431.250.000 x0.2=4.686.250.000 (ng)
Vi bia 110S ly =3% so vi nguyn liu chnh
21.405.000.000x0.3=6.421.500.000 (ng)
Tng chi ph cho nguyn liu ph :
G2=4.686.250.000 +6.421.500.000 =11.107.750.000 (ng)
3.Chi ph cho nhin liu ng lc:
G3=13.962.536.160 ( ng)
4.Chi ph bo him x hi chi ph cng on
G4= 499.200.000 (ng)
5Chi ph tin lng :
G5=2.496.000.000 (ng)

125

6.Chi ph s dng my mc
G6=9.417.102.750 (ng)
7.Chi ph s dng nh xng ly =15% vn xy dng
G7=14.257.700.000 x 0.15=2.138.655.000 (ng)

8. Chi ph qun l doanh nghip, qun l nh xng ,tiu th sn phm

Ly bng 5% so vi tng gi tr ton nh my :
G8= 84457493910 x0.05=4.222.874.696 (ng)
Tng chi ph cho nh my :
G=G1+G2+G3+G4+G5+G6+G7+G8
= 4.222.874.696 +84.457.493.910=88.680.368.606 (ng)
VII.Tnh li nhun em li cho nh my
1.Tin bn sn phm ph .
Theo tnh ton ta c :
-Lng b bia thu hng nm l :3980000+3560000=7.540.000 (kg)
Gibn 200/kg
S bn tin thu c l : 7.540.000 x200=1.408.000.000 ng
-Lng C02 hng nm thu hi c l : 810000+740000=1.550.000kg
126

Gi bn 2000 /kg
S tin thu c l : 1.550.000 x 2000=3.100.000.000
Tin bn sn phm thu c hng nm l :
1.408.000.000+3.100.000.000=4.508.000.000 (ng)
2.Tnh gi thnh sn phm :
Tng chi ph
GSP=

88.680.368.606 -4.508.000.000

= = 1870.5
Nng sut

45.000.000

GSP=2.000 ng\lt
nh gi bn sn phm
Bia hi 100BX : 2.500 ng/lt
Bia chai :110BX : 4.500 ng /lt
3.Tnh cc ch tiu hiu
* Thu gi tr gia tng 1 lt bia

2500 2000
x 0.1 = 45,45 (ng \lt)
1.1

* Thu gi tr gia tng bia hi

25000000 x 45.45=1.136.250.000 (ng)

127

* Thu gi tr gia tng ca bia chai

n1 =

4500 2000
x 0.1 = 227.27 (ng /lt)
1.1

*Thu gi tr gia tng ca ton b bia chai:

20.000.000 x 227.2=4.544.000.000 (ng)
a).Vy thu gi tr gia tng ca ton b nha my :
1.136.250.000 +4.544.000.000 =5.680.250.000 (ng)
c. Li th :
Li th =(gi bn -gi thnh) x sn phm tiu th
Li th bia hi l =(2500-2000)x25.000.000=12.500.000.000

ng

Li th bia chai l=(4500-2000)x20.000.000=50.000.000.000 ng

Tng li th :62.500.000.000 ng
c)Li rng :
li rng =li th-thu gi tr gia tng :
=62.500.000.000-5.680.250.000 =56.819.750.000 ng
d) Thu li tc :
Thu li tc =li rng x t sut thu
128

T sut thu 40%

Thu li tc =56.819.750.000 x 0.4=22.727.900.000ng
e) Li thun =li dng-thu li tc:
=56.819.750.000 -22.727.900.000=34.091.850.000 ng
f) Thu nhp hng nm ca d n :
Thu nhp hng nm ca d n = li thun + khu hao
Khu hao =khu hao my mc +khu xy dng
=(9.417.102.750 + 2.138.655.000)= 11.555.757.750 ng
Thu nhp hng nm ca d n l :
34.091.850.000 +11.555.757.750 =45.647.607.750 ng
8.Tnh thi gian thu hi vn:
Tng vn u t
Thi gian thu hi vn=
Thu nhp hng nm

77.038.385.000
=
45.647.607.750

129

=1.69 nm

130

PHN IX. X L NC THI NH MY

X l nc thi nh my l trnh nc thi trong nh my nhim ra ngoi

nh hng n mi trng xung quanh .Ngoi cc bin php phn lung dng
nc thi cho dng t cht nhim nh nc lm lnh ,nc ngng cho qu
trnh ra thit b ,ra sn ,ra chai
Hn ch ri vi nguyn liu , men ,hoa v thu gom kp thi b men , b malt
,b hoa hn ch s nhim cho dng nc ra sn
Do c tnh k thut cng ngh sn xut bia ph hp ta chn phng php
x l sinh hc trong s dng phng php hiu kh . y l phng php s
dng vi sinh vt phn gii hiu kh cc hp cht hu c, ta c th thc hin
c iu kin nhn to.
Trong x l nc thi cng nghip cc cng trnh x l nc thi bng phng
php sinh hc gm c:
+ H thng oxy ho nh bn hot tnh (b earoten)
+ H thng dng mng sinh hc hiu kh vi thit b dng thp trong c lp
m ht nhn to ,g
+ H sinh hc hiu kh
Ta chn h thng s l nc thi bng oxy ho bng bn hot tnh(b aeroten)
u im : kh nng s l nc thi nhanh thun tin
N c th iu chnh dng nc ra vi bt k nng no m ta mong mun
( t nng cao n nng thp
A. Nguyn l lm vic ca b aeroten
y l h thng s l sinh hc bng bn hot tnh v ta cp kh cho h thng
mt cch lin tc

131

Nc thi ca nh my sau khi thu gom li c a vo h thng aeroten . ho

trn vi bn hot tnh . y ta dng khng kh nn cp kh v khuy trn,
thng thng kh nn c dn vo dc theo 1 pha thnh b
Thi gian nc thi lu b l 2-12 ting . cc cht nhim c hp th ln
b mt ca bn hot tnh lc u cng mnh . thc hin qu trnh oxy
ho sinh hc xy ra ,cc cht hu c ho tan c cc cht keo v phn tn nh
trong nc cn phi c di chuyn vo bn trong t bo ca vsv . L qu trnh
khuych tn do s chnh lch nng cc cht trong v ngoi t bo .Nhng
cht c phn t lng ln s c phn chia nh hn xm nhp vo t bo
vsv nh enzim ngoi bo . cc cht l lng khng tan trong nc cng c hp
th ln b mt ca t bo . Mt phn cht ny lm thc n cho giun, b,
protozoa, mt phn b tc dng bi men vi khun thnh cc cht tan vo dch
ng
Sau khi ra khi b aeroten hn hp nc v bn c qua b lng bn hot
tnh ng t v lng xung. Nc sau x l c kh trng v a vo ngun
nc sng h. Phn ln bn hot tnh lng xung c bm quay tr li b
aeroten ta cho ti sinh bng cch lm thong ,sc kh vo bn khi cc cht
cha kp chuyn ho th tip tc oxy ha ym kh
B.Chn bn hot tnh
Bn hot tnh l kh vsv trong huyn ph sinh hc c hot rt cao trong
vic kh cc cht hu c khi dung dch .Ta chn bn dng bng mu xm,
ngun dinh dng ca chng l cc cht hu c c trong nc thi nh my.

S CNG NGH B AEROTEN

132

B aeroten

Blng
II

Ncthi

Bn
Bn d

PHN X. V SINH AN TON

I. V sinh cng nghip

An ton lao ng lun l vn c ch trng trong nh my, sc kho v
tnh mng ca cng nhn vin trc tip hay dn tip tham gia vo lao ng v
cng qu gi. Trong qu trnh sn xut lun phi t s an ton ln hng u,
lun ra cc ni quy quy tc iu ln v bo h lao ng nh vy mi c th
bo m cho coong nhn yn tm cng tc v lm vic tt hn.
133

Cng tc dn v sinh cng nghip i vi nh my cng nghip ni chung v

nh my nh my bia ni ring l mt cng tc v cng quan trng .cht lng
bia sn phm ph thuc vo nhiu yu t trong sn xut . trong khu v sinh
l khng th thiu c . cng tc v sinh bao gm
-V sinh c nhn
- v sinh thit b
- v sinh dng c sau mi m hoc sau mi chu k sn xut
- x l h thng s l nc thi
Yu cu v sinh phi c hnh thnh t nhng yu cu bt buc tng ngi
trong nh my hiu v thc hin vi yu cu trch nhim cao.
1.v sinh c nhn
i vi cng ngh sn xut bia ngi cng nhn thc hin cng tc trong dy
truyn phi l ngi hon ton kho mnh
- Khng cho php nhng ngi b bnh mn tnh hay trun nhim nh
lao,thng hn ..c trc tip sn xut .
- Khi lm vic cng nhn phi mc qun o bo h lao ng ,sch s gn gng
lun c thc bo v chung
- Trc khi vo phn xng ln men phi nhng ng qua dung dch st trng
.c bit phng gy men ch c ngi trc tip lm mi c vo ra m
bo v trng .
- Khi lc v nhng khi tip xc vi bia cng nh vi dng c cha bia, cng
nhn phphI c qun o bo h lao ng , tay chn v sinh trc khi vo
thoa tc eo khu trang v hn ch ni chuyn
2. V sinh thit b

134

- i vi dng c th hay cha dch ng ,bia sau mi ln dng phI v sinh

thng xuyn ,thnh trng sch s bng cc cht st trng , ch n van ly
mu cng phi v sinh sch s cn thn.
- Trong phn xng nu cc thng thit b phi v sinh thng xuyn , v sinh
thng ln men nh k .
-

Vi my lc khung bn trc khi lc phi v sinh bng nc nng t 801000C trong thi gian 120 pht .

- Bi thi ,nc phi dc cha trong thng kn hoc x l

- i vi cc my mc thit b b phn ph tr phI kim tra thng xuyn
lau du ,bo dng thit b tng cng tui th thit b .
- i vi phn xng ln men khu v sinh c bit ch .Sau mi chu k ln
men thit b phi c v sinh bng cht st trng nn nh phi c lau ra
- Nc thi trong phn xng sn xut cng nh nc ra v sinh , thit b
nh xng. . . . . c dn ra h thng cng rnh kn ca nh my ra ngoi.
ng ng thot nc thi thng lp t theo chiu ngang ca nh my
m bo v sinh
- Chu k s l nguyn liu trc khi nu phi c gi quyt tt vn thng
gi v ht bi
- Phn xng nu phi thong mt ,v y nhit cao cn kt hp thng
gi t nhin hoc cng bc.
- Cc nh xng khc nh lo hi , nh lnh u c kh c hi nn xng
phi yu cu thong mt rng ri c h thng ht v y kh bng thng gi
t nhin hay cng bc
- Kho nguyn liu c b tr, sp xp mt cch hp l , ng theo qui cch ,
trong kho phi thong mt ,rng ri c nhit k v m k theo di , trnh
to iu kin cho vinh vt pht trin lm gim cht lng nguyn liu
- Mi cng nhn trong nh my phi c t chc thng xuyn cc t
kim tra thng xuyn theo nh k .

135

- Khu vc hnh chnh c xy dng pha trc nh my , thun tin cho

vic giao dch xung quanh , khu vc ny c trng hoa to v p m quan
cho nh my .
- BI x , cha than u pha trc nh my cui hng gi ddamr bo khng
mt v sinh cho cc phn xng sn xut

II. Bo h an ton lao ng

Bo h an ton lao ng cng l mt khu quan trng trong nh my v n nh
hng trc tip n sc kho , tnh mng ngi lao ng v tui th thit b .
chnh v vy ng v nh nc ta lun quan tm cp ti vn ny .cc ni
qui v an ton lao ng c coi l nhng iu lch cn thit nghim chnh chp
hnh
Ring i vi nh my sn xut bia cn ch mt s im quan trng sau y.
1. chng kh c trong sn xut
Kh c trong nh my bia ch yu l : CO 2, trong qu trnh ln men chnh tht
thot ra ngoi . mc d khi thit k c h thng thu hi CO 2 nu hiu sut thu
hi CO2 100% ta s tng mt phn no thu nhp ca nh my .CO2 c bo
ho trong bia tng gi tr cm quan cho bai khi sa cha thng ln men do
D(CO2)> D(khng kh )v vy CO2 lng xung y khng thot theo khng kh
c . chnh iu ny phn xng ln men gy ngt cho cng nhn,do cn
kim tra k ng ng v thit b c lin quan n vn ny .
ngoi ra c CO2 do l hi sinh ra v NH3 t h thng lnh cng l kh c v
vy ng khi l hi phi cao ln trnh gy nh hng ti mi trng xung
quanh.
2.Chng ting n v ting ng.
136

Ting v ting ng nh hng khng tt ti sc kho ca cng nhn nh mt

mi cng thng ,nhp th ,tng huyt p, km tp trung nh hng n thnh
gic , kh nng lm vic gim, km
+ cch khc phc :
Thng xuyn kim tra my v tra du m , bo dng my , pht hin sa
cha kp thi cc b phn trong my b d ,c hoc mn .
-gim dung lng gy n o bng cch lp gip chnh xc cc thit b my
mc , di b my phi lt cc tm c s n hi tt nhm mc ch chng
xc v dung ng thit b .
3.An ton chu p .
Bao gm l hi , my nn , bnh np CO2 tt c cc khu vc u cn thit c
bng ni quy nh s vn hanhf an ton thit b cho my mc v ngi lao ng
kim tra nn trnh thit b r r, kn ,c bit bit phi tng cng kim tra
c van an ton , ng h p lc . Nu h hng phI kp thi sa cha v thay
th.
4 .an ton v in .
Trong qu trnh sn xut cng nhn tng xuyn tip xc vi cc thit b s
dng in v cc thit b ny c c gii ho nn cng nhn cn phi ch
n
-

Cng nhn trong nh my cn phi tuyt i thc hin ni qui an ton v

in.
-

Cch in tt cc phn mang din , c bit cc khu vc c m cao v

nc nh phn xng ln men phn xng thnh phm .

- B tr ng dy cao cch xa tm tay vi , hoc ng i ni li ca ngi
sn xut . b ch cu giao in hp l kp thi ngt khi c s c xy ra.
137

- Ni t cch in
+ trong nn cng nghip c bit l trong sn xut bia, in cng l khu quan
trng khng th thiu c , nhng tc hi ca in c bit nguy him i vi
ngi v my mc thit b. Chnh v vy mi cng nhn trong nh my cn phi
nghim chnh chp hnh ng ni qui , qui nh trnh xy ra s c hay tai
nn.
5. An ton khi khi tao tc vn hnh mt s thit b :
1. Khu nghin nguyn liu v nu Bia:
Vic s l nguyn liu cn c bin php chng bi, chng rung ng n
o, chp hnh tt c quy nh s dng my nghin. Cng nhn c trang b
qun o, khu trang. Khi ng, m cu dao in ca nh my phi cn thn,
trnh nhm ln.
- in phi hn ch mc in th dng. trong khi lm vic cn phi qun
o bo h lao ng, I ng,... hn ch ng tic c th xy ra.
- Khi nu cn ch iu chnh lng hi, ng h o p sut c bin
php s l kp thi.
- Khi bm dch ng sang b phn ln men cn phi c tn hiu thng
bo cho nhau trc v sau khi kt thc bm.
2. B phn ln men:
- Khi lm vic trong phng ln men phi mc qun o bo h lao ng
ng quy nh, i ng bo m sc kho v an ton lao ng.
- Cng nhn lm vic cn phi ch p sut cc thit b bng cc ng
h o p. Ch cc ng van, ng ng, khi thao tc phi ng m theo
chiu quy nh.
3. Khu chit, lc Bia:
Phi ch vn hnh my mc ng quy nh, trnh lng ph.
4. cc xng khc:

138

Nh l hi, my lnh,... ch c nhng ngi c trch nhim mi c

iu khin, vn hnh my mc ca xng . Tuyt i chp hnh mi ni quy
an ton lao ng khi vn hnh my mc. cc xng ny cng khng nn b
qua cc thit b bo h lao ng.
5. An ton v thit b:
Nh my c cc thit b p lc cao nh my nn lnh, ni hi, thu hi
CO2, my nn kh, thng ln men u c cc van an ton phng x, s tng ca
p sut c th gy hu qu nghim trng cho con ngi, cng nh cho thit b.
- B phn vn chuyn bc xp, vn chuyn c hng dn chu o y
cc nguy c tai nn c th xy ra.
- Ni hi, thu hi CO2, u c trang b kin thc chuyn mn vng
vng bo m an ton khi vn hnh c th x l cc h s n gin.
- Cc b phn ca dy truyn sn xut Bia chai ngay t khi xp vo my
ra chai n dn nhn, bc xp i hi phi an ton cao. Do Bia chai chu p
sut t bn trong cao li qua hm thanh trng hay n v, nn b tr li che
chn, m bo an ton cho cng nhn.
6. Kh c v bi:
Kh c pht sinh t cc khu thu hi CO2, my nn kh lnh, l hi, nh
ln men. Do vy phi b tr qut thng gi, thng xuyn kim tra bo dng
cc van, vi trong h thng, tin hnh thng gi t nhin trnh s d r kh c
nh hng sc kho ca ngi lao ng. Bi pht sinh t khu xay nghin
nguyn liu, l hi c x l trong h thng kn, ng khi cao c b phn ly
tm bi than cm khng chy ht.
7. Phng chy cha chy :
y l vn cn thit trong an ton lao ng mi nh xng u c trang b
y h thng thit b cu ho nh bnh CO 2, nh my phI duy tr mng li
thng tin bng loa truyn thanh gay dy in thoi , thng xuyn ph bin cc

139

qui tc v an ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy cho mi cng nhn trong
nh my .
8. thng thot nc bn:
H thng thot nc bn ca nh my cng l mt trong nhng khu cn
c quan tm ng k. Bi v cng vic n lin quan ti vn mi trng
xung quanh. c thot nc bn ca nh my tht tt th trc khi thi ra
mi trng xung quanh th ta cho nc thi qua trm x l nc thi (b
aeroten), khi mi cho chy ra sng, ao, h,...
Cc cng thot nc phi ngm, cng rnh u c np y kn, m
bo nghing, chy, thot nhanh.

140

PHN XI.

KT LUN

Nhim v ca em c giao thit k mt nh my sn xut Bia vi nng

sut 45riu lt/nm. Trong thi gian qua em kt hp nhng kin thc hc,
tm ti liu lin quan ti cng vic, i thc t ti c s sn sut Bia. Cho n
nay, sau mt thi gian lm n em hon thnh nhim v thit k tt nghip
ca mnh. Kt qu ny c c l nh s gip hng dn tn tnh, chu o
ca cc Thy C gio dy em trong 5nm hc va qua. Em xin by t lng
bit n c bit ti Thy c gio hng dn em v l ngi thng xuyn quan
tm gip , to mi iu kin thun li v mi phng din vi kh nng cao
nht cho em hon thnh n ny tt nghip ny.
Bn n hon thnh nhng do trnh hiu bit c hn v cha
nghin cu c su rng nn kh trnh c s sai st .Do vy ti rt mong
c nhn c s ng gp kin t cc bn b ng nghip v cc thy c
gio ti kp b sung . ti c thm c nhiu kinh nghim b ch cho bn
thn cng nh phc v tt cho cng vic sau ny./.

141

Ti liu tham kho

1. Cng ngh sn xut Malt v Bia - PGS.TS Hong nh Ho. NXB khoa hc
k thut.
2. K thut sn xut Malt v Bia - PGS.PTS Bi i
3. Cng ngh sn xut Bia - H Sng. NXB khoa hc k thut.
4. Nhng qu trnh thit b c bn ca ngnh ho hc thc phm - Trng i
hc Bch Khoa H ni.
5. Phng php kim tra cn thit trong sn xut ru Bia, nc gii kht PGS.PTS Nguyn th Hin.
6. S tay ho cng (1978) - Nguyn Trng Khung, Trn Xoa.
7. Gio trnh nm men - PGS. L Thanh Mai trng i hc Bch Khoa H ni.

142

Tng quan v quy trnh sn xut bia (A; 15)

MC LC
Li cm n
1. M u
2. Lp lun kinh t
- a im xy dng
- Ngun cung cp nguyn liu
- Tiu th sn phm
- Ngun cung cp nc
- Giao thng i li
- Kh nng cung cp lao ng
- Hp tc ho gia cc x nghip
- Mi trng
- c im kh hu, a hnh
3. Thuyt minh v chn qui trnh cng ngh

- Malt i mch
- Hoa houblon
- Go
- Nc
- Nm men
- Nhm cc cht ph gia
- Thuyt minh ay truyn xn sut
- Chn quy trnh cng ngh
- Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh
4. Tnh cn bng sn phm
- C s l thuyt
- Tnh cn bng sn phm
- Bia hi
143

- Bia chai
5. Tnh v chn thit b

39

- Thit b phn xng nu

- Thit b phn xng ln men
- Thit b phn xng hon thin
6. Tnh in hi lnh nc

63

- Tnh hi cho ton nh my

- Tnh nhin liu cho nh my
- Tnh lnh cho nh my
- Tnh in cho ton nh my
- Tnh nc cho ton nh my
7. Tnh xy dng

79

- Xy dng nh my
- Gii php hnh khi mt bng
- Tnh thuyt minh phn xng
8. Tnh kinh t

83

- Mc ch v ngha
- Ni dung tnh ton kinh t
9. X l nc thi nh my

92

- Nguyn l lm vic ca b aeroten

- Chn bn hot tnh
10. V sinh an ton

94

- V sinh cng nghip

- Bo h an ton lao ng
11. Kt lun

98

144