33(4), 625-634

Tp ch CC KHOA HC V TRI T

12-2011

C IM KHONG VT QUNG TALC M THU NGC, TNH PH TH

O DUY ANH1, HONG TH MINH THO2 Email: anhddao@vimluki.com.vn 1 Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh M - Luyn kim - B Cng thng 2 Trng i hc Khoa hc T nhin - i hc Quc gia H Ni Ngy nhn bi: 6 - 6 - 2011 1. M u Talc l mt silicat lp c nhiu tnh cht c bit v quang hc ( trng), nhit (chu nhit, n nh nhit), ha hc ( tinh khit, tr, i lc vi cc cht hu c) v vt l (kch thc ht, mn, kt cu dng tm, t trng). V vy, n c ng dng trong nhiu ngnh cng nghip khc nhau nh gm s, sn, giy, vt liu lp, cht do, m phm v dc phm [2, 4, 6, 31]. Mi lnh vc ng dng yu cu talc vi cht lng v cc c tnh cng ngh khc nhau. Vit Nam pht hin nhiu m v im qung talc vi quy m nh [29, 30]. Trong , nm 1986 - 1989, on a cht 301 tm kim talc t l 1:50.000 vng Ngc Lp - T Ph trn din tch 800 km2 xc nh 3 m c gi tr cng nghip l Minh Tn (huyn Thanh Sn, tnh Ph Th), Thu Ngc v M Thun (huyn Tn Sn, tnh Ph Th). Da vo s liu tm kim chi tit ha t l 1:10.000 tnh ton c m Thu Ngc c tr lng cp 333 v ti nguyn cp 334a (theo phn cp c l C2 v P1) khong 662 ngn tn v 1,8 triu tn (tnh cho 5 thn qung c gi tr cng nghip) [17]. Hin nay c nhiu doanh nghip Vit Nam khai thc qung talc v ch bin thnh cc sn phm phc v nhu cu trong nc cng nh xut khu. Tuy nhin, cc cng vic ny vn ch dng li mc khai thc chn lc v nghin th; iu ny lm gim gi tr ca sn phm bt talc Vit Nam. V vy, vi mc tiu gp phn pht trin cc nghin cu khoa hc v ng dng v talc, nghin cu ny s dng cc phng php phn tch hin i lm sng t c im cc khong vt trong thnh to talc m Thu Ngc, Ph Th. c bit, hnh thi v thnh phn ha hc cu trc ca khong vt talc s c trnh by chi tit. Kt qu ca nghin cu c th lm c s cho vic la chn phng php thch hp tuyn talc nhm thu hi tinh qung vi cht lng cao cng nh nh gi tim nng ng dng ca talc Thu Ngc trong cc ngnh cng nghip khc nhau. 2. Khi qut c im a cht M talc Thu Ngc, huyn Thanh Sn, tnh Ph Th nm trn din tch khong 9km2, gii hn bi ta 211244-211601 v Bc v 1050102-1050402 kinh ng (hnh 1) [17]. Vng nghin cu bao gm cc thnh to ca h tng Sui Ching (PR1 sc), Bn Kh (-O1 bk), Sinh Vinh (O3-S sv), B Hing (S2 bh) v h T khng phn chia cng nh cc phc h magma xm nhp Bo H (PR1-2 bh), Bn Ngm (PZ1 bn) v Ba V (T1 bv). Cc thnh to ch yu l thnh cc di ko di theo hng ty bc - ng nam (TB-N) v lin quan cht ch vi h thng t gy theo hng ny. Thnh to ca h tng Sui Ching (PR1 sc) l phn pha ty nam khu vc nghin cu, bao gm c phn h tng di (PR1 sc1) v phn h tng trn (PR1 sc2). Phn h tng di bao gm cc gneis biotit xen lp mng quartzit, quartzit 625

magnetit; t hn l cc gneis hai mica, gneis amphibol. Phn h tng trn bao gm gneis biotit, phin thch anh mica. Trong din l ca h tng Sui Ching, dc theo cc t gy c cc din l

nh magma xm nhp thuc cc phc h Bo H (PR1-2 bh) vi thnh phn gabro v amphibolit; v phc h Bn Ngm (PZ1 bn) l cc granit giu microlin mu hng, granit biotit.

Hnh 1. S a cht vng m talc Thu Ngc, huyn Tn Sn, tnh Ph Th (theo [26])

Din l ca h tng Bn Kh (-O1 bk) trong khu vc nghin cu cng kh ln, gm phn h tng di (-O1 bk1) v phn h tng trn (-O1 bk2). Phn h tng di bao gm phin sericit, bt kt, quartzit, vi st, bt kt vi; cn phn h tng trn l quartzit, phin st, st vi v bt kt vi. Trong vng nghin cu cn c din l nh ca h tng Sinh Vinh (O3-S sv), thuc phn phn h tng di v h tng B Hing (S2 bh). Phn h tng Sinh Vinh c quan h kin to vi h tng Bn 626

Kh gm cui kt, ct kt, bt kt vi. H tng B Hing (S2 bh) gm phin st, st vi, thu knh vi, phin st than. Mt khi nh xm nhp thuc phc h Ba V (T1 bv) vi thnh phn dunit, peridotit, gabrodiabas cng c mt trong khu vc nghin cu, thuc din l ca h tng B Hing. Thnh to T khng phn chia nm ri rc bao gm tng, cui si, ct, st. Ti m Thu Ngc pht hin c 8 thn qung talc (TQ.1 - TQ.8), trong c 5 thn qung c gi tr cng nghip (TQ.1 - TQ.5). Cc thn

qung dng va, dng thu knh, di 500 - 1000m, ko di theo phng TB - N, chiu dy 2 - 10m, cm nghing vi gc dc 60 - 70, chiu su cha xc nh. 3. Mu v phng php nghin cu 3.1. Mu nghin cu Mu nghin cu c thu thp t 5 thn qung c gi tr cng nghip (TQ.1 - TQ.5). Quan st bng mt thng cho thy cc thn qung kh giu talc; talc c cu to phn phin, mu trng, trng c, i khi trng pht hng, pht vng. Hai thn qung 1 v 2, qung b phong ha mnh; cn ba thn qung 3, 4 v 5 qung cha b phong ha. Mu nghin cu c ly i din t mu thu thp ti 2 n 3 tuyn i vi mi thn qung; mi tuyn ly t 15 n 30kg mu, sau gia cng s b v ry qua ry 5cm. Nghin cu chia ra lm hai loi mu qung talc khc nhau: (1) Mu 1 - qung talc trong i phong ha, i din cho thn qung 1 v 2; (2) Mu 2 - qung talc trong gc, cha b phong ha, i din cho thn qung 3, 4 v 5. 3.2. Quang ph hp ph nguyn t Thnh phn ha hc qung talc c phn tch bng thit b quang ph hp ph nguyn t Shimadzu AA 6501 S. Phng php phn tch TCN. 06-II PTH/94; TCN. 01I HTNT/94, nhy phng php 10-3 %. 3.3. Nhiu x tia X (XRD) Nghin cu tin hnh i vi mu bt khng nh hng. Nghin cu tin hnh trn my D8 Advanced, s dng bc x Cu(K1,2). Cc thng s ci t bao gm hiu in th 40 kV, dng in 30 mA bc nhy 0,015 2, thi gian ngng 0,3 giy, v phm vi qut 5-55 2. Phng php phn tch QT KV. RG/08. Cc gi tr d thu c c i chiu vi h thng d liu ICDD/JCPDS xc nh cc khong vt [12, 13]. 3.4. Knh hin vi in t truyn qua phn gii cao (HR-TEM) Knh hin vi in t truyn qua phn gii cao (high resolution - transmission electron microscope) tch hp vi h thng phn tch nguyn t bng nng lng tn x tia X (energydispersive X-ray/ EDX) c p dng nghin cu hnh thi, vi cu trc v thnh phn ha hc tng ht khong vt ring r trong mu thu thp

c. chun b cho phn tch, mu c ly mt lng nh i din v phn tn trong nc ct (s dng h tr bng b lc siu m). Dung dch cha cc ht khong vt vi kch c khong <2m c phun ln li ng (Cu) chuyn dng v lm kh trong my lm kh chn khng. H thng my HR-TEM FEI Tecnai F30 s dng sng pht x trng (field emission gun) kt hp vi h thng tn x tia X v hai camera qut chm tch in kp c s dng cho phn tch ny ti HTH Mainz CHLB c. H thng s dng hiu in th gia tc 300kV, si t LaB6, phn gii im l 0,18nm. Cc kt qu phn tch thnh phn ha hc ca cc ht khong vt sau c x l bng cng c phn mm ca nhm Kasbohm [14]. Cng c ny c bit hu hiu khi cho php tnh ton chnh xc cng thc cc khong vt vi thnh phn ion cc lp t din, bt din, v lp xen gia; y l cc thng s rt quan trng phn nh r cc khong vt khc nhau trong cng mt nhm hoc ph nhm. 4. Thnh phn ha hc v khong vt 4.1. Thnh phn ha hc qung talc Thnh phn ha hc hai loi qung talc (qung b phong ha v qung gc) c trnh by trong bng 1. Kt qu phn tch cho thy, ngoi SiO2 v MgO l cc thnh phn ha hc ca khong vt talc, cn c cc thnh phn khc nh Al2O3, Fe2O3 vi hm lng ng k (> 1%); cng nh cc thnh phn kim v kim th vi hm lng nh. iu cho thy, ngoi khong vt talc, qung cn cha mt hm lng nht nh cc khong vt khc.
Bng 1. Thnh phn ha hc qung talc m Thu Ngc, Ph Th
Hm lng Qung gc Qung b phong ha [17] SiO2 (%) 54,24 Al2O3 (%) 7,34 MgO (%) 17,45 Fe2O3 (%) 1,29 CaO (%) 1,55 K2O (%) 0,19 Na2O (%) 0,32

64,54

5,89

14,70

1,29

0,44

0,24

0,08

56,16 61,48

24,39 27,83

2,59 481

0,03 0,99

So snh thnh phn ha hc ca hai loi qung cng cho thy trong thn qung phong ha c hm lng SiO2 cao hn v hm lng MgO, Al2O3 thp hn. Nh vy, c th s lc nh gi rng 627

thn qung phong ha ngho talc hn so vi thn qung gc. 4.2. Thnh phn khong vt qung talc Kt qu phn tch XRD c mu qung b phong ha v qung gc u cho thy s c mt ca cc khong vt talc, chlorit, kaolinit, thch anh. Hnh 2 cho thy i vi mu qung talc phong ha c c ht -0,10 + 0,035mm th mu hu nh ch c mt khong vt talc, cc khong vt khc nh chlorit v thch anh ch chim mt lng nh. Kt

qu phn tch XRD cng cho thy trong qung gc, talc giu hn so vi qung b phong ha. Kt qu ny ph hp vi phn tch thnh phn ha hc. S dng phng php phn tch HR-TEM, kch thc ht <2m, ngoi khong vt chnh l talc, th cc khong vt khc l halloysit, thch anh, hematit, anatas cng c tm thy. Bn cnh , khong vt xc nh l kaolinit thng qua kt qu XRD c xc nh chnh xc l st xen lp kaolinit/di-vermiculit/montmorillonit.

Hnh 2. Gin nhiu x tia X ca qung talc phong ha (-0,10 +0,035mm)

5. c im chi tit khong vt talc Thu Ngc v cc khong vt i cng 5.1. Tng quan v c im khong vt talc Talc l mt khong vt silicat lp ca magie, c cng thc l tng l Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. Cu trc ca talc bao gm lp bt din magie lin kt kp gia hai lp t din silic (hnh 3) [6] (xem thm [28]). Thay th ng hnh trong cu trc tinh th talc c th bao gm Fe2+, Fe3+, Al, F v t hn l Mn, Ti, Cr, Ni, Na v K [1, 3, 7, 10, 18, 19, 22].

Talc ch yu kt tinh trong h ba nghing (bao gm gi mt nghing) [23, 25, 33]. Mc d talc c cho rng c trng hp kt tinh trong h mt nghing [9] nhng nhng nghin cu sau trn cng mu talc ny li cho rng n thuc loi ba nghing [25] hoc l c th c dng kt kinh h mt nghing trong cc trng hp c bit [33]. V hnh thi, talc c th c dng tm, dng hnh d thng (xenomorphic), dng ht, dng si (hnh 4) [20].

Hnh 4. Talc di knh hin vi in t qut (ngun: [2])

Hnh 3. Cu trc khong vt talc (theo [6])

Bng phng php phn tch XRD, talc c th c xc nh da vo 3 phiu (s 13-558, 19-770 v 29-1493) trong ngn hng d liu JCPDS [12, 13] vi cc b 3 gi tr nh nhiu x c trng l

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9,34; 4,66; 1,53; 9,35; 4,59; 1,53; 9,31; 4,55; 1,52. Tuy nhin, do khng c in tch lp (hay in tch lp bng 0) v khng c ion lp xen gia nn s lin kt gia cc lp cu trc ca khong vt talc ch da vo lc lin kt van der Waals rt yu [6]. gim thiu ti a lc y gia cc n v cu trc, lp k cn thng c dch chuyn i mt khong cch b/3 v v vy lp t din khng bao gi nm chng kht ln lp t din ca n v cu trc k cn n [15, 33]. Thng l lc lin kt qu yu c th gi cc lp v tr chun. Do vy, cu trc ca khong vt talc trong t nhin thng b mt trt t (disorder) vi cc mc khc nhau, dn n s sai lch gi tr nh nhiu x so vi gi tr chun ca tinh th hon ho. Hn na, nu ch da vo phn tch XRD xc nh khong vt th talc rt d b nhm ln vi pyrophyllit v ngc li. V vy, thng phi c nghin cu thnh phn ha hc b tr. 5.2. c im khong vt talc Thu Ngc Trong gin nhiu x tia X ca talc Thu Ngc c th quan st thy r 4 nh nhiu x ca talc l 9,37; 4,67; 3,12; 1,86 (do phm vi qut hp, biu khng th hin nh nhiu x ~1,53) (hnh 2). i snh vi b cc gi tr nhiu x chun ca talc, c th thy rng cc gi tr ny ph hp nhng c sai lch so vi gi tr chun. iu ny c th do s khc bit ca tinh th talc thc t m Thu Ngc so vi tinh th talc hon ho nh tho lun trn. V mt hnh thi, di HR-TEM, khong vt talc trong qung Thu Ngc c dng tm (hnh 5) v dng hnh d thng (hnh 6) - y cng l cc dng hnh thi thng gp nht ca talc [11].

Hnh 6. Talc dng hnh d thng

Thnh phn ha hc cu trc khong vt talc Thu Ngc, nghin cu bng phng php TEMEDX cho cng thc trung bnh nh sau: Talc trong qung gc: (Mg2,73Fe2+0,17Fe3+0,03Al0,04) (Si3,98Al0,02) O10(OH)2 Talc trong qung b phong ha: (Mg2,69Fe2+0,00Fe3+0,18Al0,08) (Si3,86Al0,14) O10(OH)2 Kt qu trn cho thy, trong cu trc tinh th ca khong vt talc Thu Ngc, c s thay th ng hnh ng k ca Fe v t hn l Al cho Mg trong lp bt din; lp t din ch c s thay th ca Al cho Si. i vi khong vt talc trong qung gc, Fe tn ti ch yu dng Fe2+, ngc li, trong qung b phong ha, talc tn ti dng Fe3+. iu ny cng ph hp vi iu kin mi trng oxi ha ca qung b phong ha. S thay th ng hnh ca Fe trong cu trc khong vt talc (ch yu trong lp bt din) cng c ghi nhn khi Ferrage v cc cng s ngi Php nghin cu talc ca m Trimouns (Php) bng phng php ha hc v ph Mssbauer [8]. Tuy nhin, s thay th ng hnh vi t l 6,0% (trong qung gc) ti 6,7% (trong qung b phong ha) ca talc Thu Ngc ln hn rt nhiu so vi talc Trimous (< 1%). Hm lng Fe chim t l ln trong khong vt nh vy c cng b i vi talc/saponit m Ferriere, Italia [32]. S thay th ca Fe cho Mg trong talc t nhin c nh gi l < 33% [5]. 629

Hnh 5. Talc dng tm

Vi cu trc ca talc Thu Ngc c phn tch bng nh vi phn gii cao cho thy r khong cch 9,6 (001) tng ng vi chiu dy mt lp (lp cu trc) (hnh 7). Nghin cu bng nh nhiu x in t chn vng (selected area electron diffraction - SAED) trong HR-TEM cng cho khong cch tng t (hnh 8). Mi ht talc thng bao gm khong 20 - 30 lp nh vy. Mt khong cch khc cng o c bng khong 5,3 (020) (khong cch ny khng th hin trong hnh). Gc gia hai chiu ny l khong 95. Cc thng s ny ph hp vi cc thng s cng b ca talc [8, 15, 24, 25, 33] v cho thy talc Thu Ngc kt tinh trong h ba nghing. Tuy nhin, c th thy rng, cc thng s trn c s khc bit so vi thng s ca mt tinh th talc l tng hoc tng i l tng. V d, trong qung talc m Shirakashi (Nht), cng thng qua nghin cu bng phng php HR-TEM, cc tc gi m t khong vt talc c khong cch 9,3 (001) [15]. S khc bit ca talc Thu Ngc c th gii thch bng s thay

th ng hnh ng k ca Fe cho Mg (trong khi v d i vi talc m Shirakashi, Fe cng ch thay th ng hnh 2-3%). Hn na, s sai lch mt phn c th gy ra bi s mt trt t trong cu trc nh tho lun trn, cng nh s bin dng ca tinh th talc c th quan st thy trong mt s nh HR-TEM. Nh vy, khong vt talc Thu Ngc ngoi nhng tnh cht c trng nh hnh thi dng tm v dng hnh d thng, kt tinh trong h ba nghing, th n cn cha mt lng ng k Fe thay th ng hnh cho Mg trong cu trc tinh th. Trng thi oxi-ha ca nguyn t Fe thay th ng hnh cng khc nhau trong hai loi mu talc khc nhau, Fe2+ chim u th talc trong qung gc v ngc li Fe3+ talc trong qung b phong ha. S khc bit gia cu trc tinh th talc Thu Ngc so vi tinh th talc l tng c ghi nhn c bng s liu XRD v HR-TEM. T kt qu phn tch ha hc v thnh phn khong vt, c tnh khong vt talc chim khong 50% khi lng ton b qung.

Hnh 7. nh phn gii cao ca talc th hin cu trc lp

5.3. Cc khong vt khc Kaolinit/di-vermiculit/montmorillonit, halloysit v chlorit Di knh HR-TEM, st xen lp kaolinit/divermiculit/montmorillonit thng c dng tm hoc dng d thng (hnh 9), xut hin ph bin trong mu qung talc b phong ha. Thnh phn cu trc ca khong vt ny c xc nh bng t l thng nht gia in tch v tng ch s ion cc lp t din, lp bt din, lp xen gia ca ba n v cu trc thnh phn l kaolinit, di-vermiculit, montmorillonit c trnh by trong [27, 28]. Cng thc trung bnh ca cc ht khong vt ny trong mu qung talc b phong ha nh sau:

Hnh 8. nh SAED ca talc

630

(Mg0,07K0,05) (Al2,81Mg0,07Fe3+0,03) (Si3,86Al0,14) O10(OH)4,71 Cng thc ny ng vi t l xen gia cc lp kaolinit:di-vermiculit:montmorillonit l 45:35:20.

talc Thu Ngc c kch c ln nn khi chun b mu HR-TEM, phn tn mu trong nc ct, cc ht chlorit nhanh chng lng xung y v dung dch cha cc ht khong vt kch c khong <2m phun ln li ng khng c mt chlorit. Thch anh, hematit v anatas Mc d thch anh thng tn ti kch c ht th (trong mu qung talc b phong ha, thch anh hu ht c kch c ht >150m) nhng ngay c mu phn tch HR-TEM vn c th tm thy cc ht thch anh nh trong hnh 11 v hnh 12. Thch anh quan st thy thng c kch c nh, <0,5m.

Hnh 9. St xen lp kaolinit/di vermiculit/montmorillonit

Halloysit c cng cng thc thnh phn ha hc vi kaolinit v dickit, nhng n c dng ng rt c trng [[11]]. Hnh 10 th hin nh halloysit trong mu talc Thu Ngc bng HR-TEM. Khong vt ny xut hin khng nhiu trong mu talc qung gc.

Hnh 11. Thch anh v hematit

Hnh 10. Halloysit

Chlorit c tm thy trong cc phn tch XRD nhng khng tm thy trong phn tch HR-TEM. iu ny c th gii thch do chlorit trong qung

Hnh 12. Thch anh v anatas

631

Trong mu phn tch HR-TEM i vi talc b phong ha, i khi bt gp cc ht khong c mu ti di knh, phn tch thnh phn ha hc cho thy y l cc ht oxit st vi hp phn nguyn t chnh l oxi v st (hnh 11). Bng cng c nh SAED c th khng nh y l cc ht hematit vi cc khong cch 4,5 (003); 2,5 (110); 2,2 (113) v 2,0 (202). Cc ht hematit ny thng c kch c nh, khong 0,5m (hnh 11). Ht khong oxit titan tm thy trong mu qung talc bng phn tch TEM-EDX l anatas m khng phi rutil v chng c hnh dng thp i (bipyramids) kh r rng (hnh 12). Anatas v hematit khng pht hin thy khi phn tch XRD do chng c hm lng nh, di gii hn pht hin ca phng php XRD (< 5%). 6. Kt lun Qung talc Thu Ngc c hm lng MgO trung bnh 17,45% i vi qung gc v 14,70% i vi qung b phong ha. Thnh phn khong vt bao gm khong vt chnh l talc chim khong 50% tng khi lng mu v cc khong vt khc nh st xen lp kaolinit/di-vermiculit/montmorillonit, halloysit, chlorit, thch anh, hematit, v anatas. Nghin cu chi tit c im khong vt talc ch ra rng, talc Thu Ngc c dng tm, dng hnh d thng, th hin r cu trc khong vt lp. V thnh phn ha hc, trong cu trc ca talc c mt hm lng ng k nguyn t Fe thay th ng hnh cho Mg trong lp bt din. talc trong qung gc, Fe ch yu tn ti dng Fe2+ (v mt lng khng ng k Fe3+). Ngc li, i vi talc trong qung b phong ha, Fe tn ti dng Fe3+. T l thay th ng hnh ca Fe kh ln, chim 6,0% - 6,7%. Ngoi ra, thay th ng hnh cho Mg trong lp bt din v Si trong lp t din cn c mt lng nh Al. Kt qu nghin cu c im khong vt v cu trc qung l c s nh hng cho cng tc nghin cu khoa hc cng nh ng dng thc tin: c im chi tit v khong vt talc v thnh phn cc khong vt i cng c th phn nh ngun gc cc t khong talc ni chung v talc Thu Ngc ni ring. Kt qu nghin cu ny cng l tin cho vic nh hng cng ngh tuyn khong lm giu qung talc Thu Ngc cung cp nguyn liu cho cc ngnh cng nghip. 632

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SUMMARY
Mineralogical characteristics of talc ore in Thu Ngac deposit, Phu Tho province Thu Ngac talc deposit has 8 ore bodies in which 5 bodies are considered as industrial scale. In the bodies TQ.1 and TQ.2, talc ore was mostly weathered but in the bodies TQ.3, TQ.4 and TQ.5, talc ore is original ore. These two ore types were collected and examined by AAS, XRD and especially HR-TEM methods. MgO makes up about 17.45 wt.% in the original ore and about 14.70 wt.% in the weathered ore. Talc as main mineral (approximately 50%), kaolinite/divermiculite/montmorillonite mixed-layer mineral, halloysite, chlorite, quartz, hematite and anatase are encountered in the talc samples. In structure of the talc mineral, Mg can be isomorphous substituted by Fe mainly and Al. Structural chemical formulae of Thu Ngac talc are: Original ore: Weathered ore: (Mg2,73Fe2+0,17Fe3+0,03Al0,04) (Si3,98Al0,02) O10(OH)2 (Mg2,69Fe2+0,00Fe3+0,18Al0,08) (Si3,86Al0,14) O10(OH)2

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