Chuyen e 17:

PHNG PHAP: Bc 1: Chon he truc toa o Oxyz thch hp (chu y en v tr cua goc O) Bc 2: Xac nh toa o cac iem co lien quan (co the xac nh toa o tat ca cac iem hoac mot so iem can thiet) Khi xac nh toa o cac iem ta co the da vao : Y ngha hnh hoc cua toa o iem (khi cac iem nam tren cac truc toa o, mat phang toa o). Da vao cac quan he hnh hoc nh bang nhau, vuong goc, song song ,cung phng , thang hang, iem chia oan thang e tm toa o Xem iem can tm la giao iem cua ng thang, mat phang. Da vao cac quan he ve goc cua ng thang, mat phang. Bc 3: S dung cac kien thc ve toa o e giai quyet bai toan Cac dang toan thng gap: o dai oan thang Khoang cach t iem en mat phang Khoang cach t iem en ng thang Khoang cach gia hai ng thang Goc gia hai ng thang Goc gia ng thang va mat phang Goc gia hai mat phang The tch khoi a dien Dien tch thiet dien Chng minh cac quan he song song , vuong goc Bai toan cc tr, quy tch Bo sung kien thc : 1) Neu mot tam giac co dien tch S th hnh chieu cua no co dien tch S' bang tch cua S vi cosin cua goc gia mat phang cua tam giac va mat phang chieu S ' = S . cos 2) Cho khoi chop S.ABC. Tren ba ng thang SA, SB, SC lay ba iem A', B', C' khac vi S Ta luon co: V ' ' ' SA ' SB ' SC ' S.A B C = . . V S . ABC SA SB SC MOT SO V DU MINH HOA Bai 1: Cho hnh chop SABC co ay ABCD la hnh vuong canh bang a, SA= a 3 va vuong goc vi ay 1) Tnh khoang cach t A en mat phang (SBC). 2) Tnh khoang cach t tam O hnh vuong ABCD en mat phang (SBC). 3) Tnh khoang cach t trong tam cua tam giac SAB en mat phang (SAC). Bai 2: Cho hnh chop SABCD co ay ABCD la hnh vuong tam O canh bang a, SO vuong goc vi 138

S DUNG PHNG PHAP TOA O GIAI TOAN HNH KHONG GIAN

ay.Goi M,N theo th t la trung iem SA va BC. Biet rang goc gia MN va (ABCD) bang 600 1) Tnh MN va SO. 2) Tnh goc gia MN va mat phang (SBD) . Bai 3: Cho hnh thoi ABCD tam O, canh bang a va AC=a, T trung iem H cua canh AB dng SH (ABCD) vi SH=a 1) Tnh khoang cach t O en mat phang (SCD). 2) Tnh khoang cach t A en mat phang (SBC). Bai 4: Cho goc tam dien Oxyz, tren Ox, Oy, Oz lay cac iem A,B,C 1) Hay tnh khoang cach t O en mat phang (ABC) theo OA=a, OB=b, OC=c 2) Gia s A co nh con B, C thay oi nhng luon thoa man OA=OB+OC . Hay xac nh v tr cua B va C sao cho the tch t dien OABC la ln nhat. Bai 5: Cho t dien OABC (vuong tai O), biet rang OA,OB,OC lan lt hp vi mat phang (ABC) cac goc , , . Chng minh rang: 1) cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 = 2 2 2 2 2 2) S OAB + S OBC + S OCA = S ABC Bai 6: Cho hnh chop SABCD co ay ABCD la hnh vuong canh bang a, sa vuong goc vi ay. Goi a 3a M,N la hai iem theo th t thuoc BC,DC sao cho BM = , DN = . CMR hai mat phang 2 4 (SAM) va (SMN) vuong goc vi nhau. Bai 7: Cho tam giac eu ABC canh a. Goi D la iem oi xng vi A qua BC. Tren ng thang vuong a 6 goc vi mat phang (ABC) tai D lay iem S sao cho SD = , CMR hai mat phang (SAB) va 2 (SAC) vuong goc vi nhau. Bai 8: Trong khong gian cho cac iem A,B,C theo th t thuoc cac tia Ox, Oy, Oz vuong goc vi nhau tng oi mot sao cho OA=a , OB= a 2 . OC=c (a,c>0). Goi D la iem oi dien vi O cua hnh ch nhat AOBD va M la trung iem cua oan BC. (P) la mat phang qua A,M va cat mat phang (OCD) theo mot ng thang vuong goc vi AM. a) Goi E la giao iem cua (P) vi OC , tnh o dai oan OE. b) Tnh t so the tch cua hai khoi a dien c tao thanh khi cat khoi chop C.AOBD bi mat phang (P). c) Tnh khoang cach t C en mat phang (P). Bai 9: Cho t dien SABC co SC=CA=AB= a 2 , SC ( ABC ) , ABC vuong tai A, cac iem M thuoc SA va N thuoc BC sao cho AM=CN=t (0<t<2a) 1) Tnh o dai oan MN. Tm gia tr cua t e MN ngan nhat. 2) Khi oan MN ngan nhat, chng minh MN la ng vuong goc chung cua BC va SA. Bai 10: Cho hnh chop SABCD co ay ABCD la hnh thoi co AC=4, BD=2 va tam O.SO=1 vuong goc vi ay. Tm iem M thuoc oan SO cach eu hai mat phang (SAB) va (ABCD). Bai 11: Cho hnh lap phng ABCD.A'B'C'D' canh bang a. Goi M,N theo th t la trung iem cua cac canh AD,CD. Lay P BB ' sao cho BP=3PB'. Tnh dien tch thiet dien do (MNP) cat hnh lap phng . Bai 12: Cho hnh hop ch nhat ABCD.A'B'C'D' co AB=a, AD=2a, AA'=a 1) Tnh theo a khoang cach gia AD' va B'C. 139

2) Goi M la iem chia oan AD theo ty so

phang (AB'C). 3) Tnh the tch t dien AB'D'C. Bai 13: Cho hnh lap phng ABCD.A'B'C'D' canh bang a..Goi M, N la trung iem cua BC va DD' 1) CMR AC ' ( A ' BD) . 2) CMR MN //( A ' BD) . 3) Tnh khoang cach gia BD na MN theo a Bai 14: Cho lang tru ABCD.A'B'C'D' co ay ABCD la hnh thoi tam O canh bang a, goc A=600 . B'O vuong goc vi ay ABCD, cho BB'=a 1) Tnh goc gia canh ben va ay. 2) Tnh khoang cach t B, B' en mat phang (ACD'). Bai 15: Cho hnh vuong ABCD canh bang a tam I . Tren hai tia Ax, By cung chieu va cung vuong goc vi mat phang (ABCD) lan lt lay hai iem M,N . at AM=x, CN=y 1) Tnh the tch hnh chop ABCMN. 2) CMR ieu kien can va u e goc MIN=900 la 2xy=a2 . Bai 16: Cho hnh chop S.ABC co ay la tam giac vuong can ABC vi canh huyen AB = 4 2 Canh ben SC (ABC) va SC = 2 .Goi M la trung iem cua AC, N la trung iem AB 1) Tnh goc cua hai ng thang SM va CN 2) Tnh o dai oan vuong goc chung cua SM va CN. Bai 17: Cho hnh lap phng ABCD.A'B'C'D' co canh bang 1 1) Goi M, N lan lt la trung iem cua AD, BB' .Chng minh rang A 'C MN . Tnh o dai oan MN 2) Goi P la tam cua mat CDD'C' . Tnh dien tch MNP . Bai 18: Cho hnh chop S.ABCD co ay ABC la tam giac eu canh a va canh ben SA vuong goc vi mat phang ay (ABC) . Tnh khoang cach t iem A ti mat phang (SBC) theo a, biet rang SA=

AM = 3 . Hay tnh khoang cach t M en mat MD

Bai 19: Cho t dien OABC co ba canh OA;OB;OC oi mot vuong goc . Goi ; ; lan lt la cac goc gia mat phang (ABC) vi cac mat phang (OBC);(OCA) va (OAB).Chng minh rang :

a 6 2

cos + cos + cos 3

Bai 20: Cho hnh chop S.ABCD co ay ABCD la hnh vuong canh a , SA vuong goc vi mat phang (ABCD) va SA=a . Goi E la trung iem cua canh CD . Tnh theo a khoang cach t iem S en ng thang BE. Bai 21: Cho lang tru ng ABC.A'B'C' co ay ABC la tam giac can vi AB=AC=a va goc BAC = 1200, canh ben BB' = a. Goi I la trung iem CC'. Chng minh rang tam giac AB'I vuong A. Tnh cosin cua goc gia hai mat phang (ABC) va (AB'I).

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