1

SO PHC
A. KIEN THC CAN NH.
1/ Tap hp so phc: C
2/ So phc (dang ai so) : z = a + bi (a, b R e , i la n v ao, i
2
= -1); a la phan thc, b la phan ao cuaz
- z la so thc phan ao cua z bang 0 (b = 0)
- z la phan ao phan thc cua z bang 0 (a = 0)
3/ Hai so phc bang nhau:
a + bi = a + bi ) ' , ' , , (
'
'
R b a b a
b b
a a
e

=
=

4/ Bieu dien hnh hoc : So phc z = a + bi (a, b ) R e c bieu dien bi iem M(a ; b) hay bi
) ; ( b a u =

trong mp(Oxy) (mp phc) y

M(a+bi)

0 x
5/ Cong va tr so phc :
. (a + bi) + (a+ bi) = (a + a) + (b + b)i
. (a + bi) (a + bi) = (a a) + (b b)i (a, b, a, b ) R e
- So oi cua z = a + bi la z = -a bi (a, b ) R e
- z bieu dien

u , z bieu dien

' u th z + z bieu dien bi

+ ' u u va z z bieu dien bi

' u u
6/ Nhan hai so phc : (a + bi)(a + bi) = (aa-bb) + (ab + ba)i (a, a, b, b ) R e .
7/ So phc lien hp cua so phc z = a + bi la bi a z =

a) ' . ' . ; ' ' ; z z z z z z z z z z = + = + =
b) z la so thc z z = ; z la so ao z z =
8/ Moun cua so phc : z = a + bi
a) OM z z b a z = = + =
2 2

b) 0 0 , 0 = = e > z z C z z
c) C z z z z z z z z z z e + s + = ' , ' ' , ' ' .
9/ Chia hai so phc :
a) So phc nghch ao cua z (z ) 0 = : z
z
z
2
1
1
=

b) Thng cua z chia cho z (z ) 0 :
z z
z z
z
z z
z z
z
z ' '
'
'
2
1
= = =


c) Vi z . '
'
, 0 wz z w
z
z
= = = ,
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
'
'
,
' '
= =
|
.
|

\
|







2
10/ Can bac hai cua so phc :
z la can bac hai cua so phc e e =
2
z
z = x + yi la can bac hai cua so phc w = a + bi

=
+ +
=

=
=

x
b
y
b a a
x
b xy
a y x
2
2
2
2 2
2
2 2
(a, b, x,
y ) R e
a) w = 0 co ung 1 can bac hai la z = 0
b) w 0 = co ung hai can bac hai oi nhau
* Hai can bac hai cua a > 0 la a
* Hai can bac hai cua a < 0 la i a.
11/ Phng trnh bac hai Az
2
+ Bz + C = 0 (A, B, C la so phc cho trc, A 0 = ).
AC B 4
2
= A
a) 0 = A : Phng trnh co hai nghiem phan biet
A
B
2
o
, (o la 1 can bac hai cua ) A
b) 0 = A : Phng trnh co 1 nghiem kep la
A
B
2

12/ Dang lng giac cua so phc :
* z = ) sin (cos i r + (r > 0) la dang lng giac cua z = a + bi (a, b ) 0 , = e z R

=
=
+ =

r
b
r
a
b a r

sin
cos
2 2

+ la mot acgumen cua z.
+ ) , ( OM Ox =
13/ Nhan chia so phc di dang lng giac.
Neu z = r(cos ) ' sin ' (cos ' ' , ) sin i r z i + = + th :
a) ) ' sin( ) ' [cos( ' . ' . + + + = i r r z z ]
b) )] ' sin( ) ' [cos(
' '
+ = i
r
r
z
z

14/ Cong thc Moa-vr :
*
N n e th ) sin (cos )] sin (cos [ n i n r i r
n n
+ = +
15/ Can bac hai cua so phc di dang lng giac :
Can bac hai cua so phc z = r(cos ) sin i + (r > 0) la : (cos sin )
2 2
r i

+ va
(cos sin ) [cos( ) sin( )]
2 2 2 2
r i r i

t t + = + + +






3


B. BAI TAP
Bai 1: Tm phan thc va phan ao cua cac so phc sau :
a) (4 i) + (2 + 3i) (5 + i) S : 1 va 1
b) (1 + i)
2
(1 i)
2
S: 0 va 4
c) (2 + i)
3
(3 i)
3
S: -16 va 37
d)
i
i
i
i

+
2
1
3
S :
2
3 3
va
2
3 1 2 2

Bai 2: Cho so phc z = x + yi. Tm phan thc va phan ao cua cac so phc :
a) z
2
2z + 4i S: x
2
y
2
2x va 2(xy y + 2)
b)
1
+
iz
i z
S:
2 2
) 1 (
2
+ +

y x
xy
va
2 2
1 2 2
) 1 ( + +

y x
x y

Bai 3: Giai cac phng trnh sau (an z):
a)
i
i
z
i
i
+
+
=

+
2
3 1
1
2
S: i
25
4
25
22
+
b) 0 )
2
1
]( 3 ) 2 [( = + + +
i
iz i z i S: -1 + i ; 1/2
c) i z z 4 2 2 = + S: 2/3 + 4i
d) 0
2
= z z S: 0, -1, i i
2
3
2
1
,
2
3
2
1
+
e) 0
2
= + z z S: 0, i, -i
f) 0
2
2
= + z z S: bi (b ) R e
Bai 4: Xac nh tap hp cac iem trong mat phang phc bieu dien cac so z thoa man moi ieu kien sau:
a) 4 3 = + + z z S: x = 1/2 va x = -7/2
b) i z z + 1 = 2 S: y =
2
3 1

c) 2|z i| = i z z 2 + S: y =
4
2
x

Bai 5: Tm so phc z thoa man : 1
4
= |
.
|

\
|

+
i z
i z
S: 0, 1 , -1
Bai 6: Phan tch ra tha so :
a) a
2
+ 1 S: (a i)(a + i) b) 2a
2
+ 3 S: ) 3 2 )( 3 2 ( i a i a +
c) 4a
4
+ 9b
2
S: (2a 3bi)(2a + 3bi) d) 3a
2
+ 5b
2
S: ) 3 3 )( 5 3 ( ib a ib a +
Bai 7: Thc hien phep tnh :
a)
i 2 1
3
+
S: i
5
6
5
3
b)
i
i

+
1
1
S: i
c)
m i
m
S: -i m d)
a i a
a i a

+
S: i
a
a
a
a
1
2
1
1
+
+
+

e)
) 1 )( 2 1 (
3
i i
i
+
+
S: i
5
3
5
4
+ f)
2 2
2 2
) 2 ( ) 2 3 (
) 1 ( ) 2 1 (
i i
i i
+ +
+
S: i
17
9
34
21
+
4
g)
a i
b i a +
S: a i
a
b
h) (2 i)
6
S: -117 44i
Bai 8: Tm can bac hai cua moi so phc sau :
a) -1 + 4 i . 3 S: ) . 2 3 ( i + b) 4 + 6 i . 5 S: ) . 5 3 ( i +
c) -1 - 2 i . 6 S: ) . 3 2 ( i d) -5 + 12.i S: (2 + 3i)
Bai 9: Giai cac phng trnh sau trong C.
a) 0 1 . 3
2
= + x x S: i
2
1
2
3

b) 0 2 . 3 2 . 2 3
2
= + x x S: ) 1 (
6
6
i
c) x
2
(3 i)x + 4 3i = 0 S: 2 + i ; 1 2i
d)
2
3 2 0 x x + = S:
1 23
6
i

e)
2
3 2 2 3 2 0 x x + = S:
6 6
6 6
i
f) 3i.x
2
2x 4 + i = 0 S:
3
1 2 10 2
. 2 10 2
3
1 +
+ i ;
3
1 2 10 2
. 2 10 2
3
1 + +
i
Bai 10: Giai cac he phng trnh :
a)

= +
+ = +
i z z
i z z
2 5
4
2
2
2
1
2 1
S:(3 i; 1 + 2.i) va (1 + 2.i; 3 i)
b)

+ = +
=
i z z
i z z
. 2 5
. 5 5 .
2
2
2
1
2 1
S: (2 i; -1 3.i), (-1 3i; 2 i), (-2 + i; 1 + 3i), (1 + 3i; -2 + i)
Bai 11: Tm mot acgumen cua moi so phc sau:
a) i . 3 2 2 + S:
3
2t
b) 4 4i S:
4
3t

c) 1 - i . 3 S:
3
t
d)
4
sin .
4
cos
t t
i S:
4
t

e)
8
cos .
8
sin
t t
i S:
8
5t
f) ) 1 )( 3 . 1 ( i i + S:
12
t

Bai 12: Thc hien phep tnh :
a) 3(cos20
o
+ isin20
o
)(cos25
o
+ isin25
o
) S:
2
2 3
.
2
2 3
i +
b) 5 )
4
sin .
4
(cos 3 ).
6
sin .
6
(cos
t t t t
i i + + S: 15(cos )
12
5
sin .
12
5 t t
i +
c)
) 15 sin . 15 (cos 3
) 45 sin . 45 (cos 2
0 0
0 0
i
i
+
+
S:
6
6
.
2
2
i +
d)
)
2
sin .
2
(cos 2
)
3
2
sin .
3
2
(cos 2
t t
t t
i
i
+
+
S:
4
2
.
4
6
i +

Bai 13: Viet di dang lng giac cac so phc sau:
5
a) 3 1 i S:
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
3
sin .
3
[cos 2
t t
i ]
b) 1 + i S: |
.
|

\
|
+
4
sin .
4
cos . 2
t t
i
c) ) 1 )( 3 1 ( i i + S: )]
12
sin( . )
12
[cos( 2 2
t t
+ i
d)
i
i
+

1
3 1
S: )]
12
7
sin( . )
12
7
[cos( 2
t t
+ i
e) ) 3 .( . 2 i i S: )
3
sin .
3
(cos 4
t t
i +
f)
i 2 2
1
+
S: )]
4
sin( )
4
[cos(
4
2 t t
+ i
g) z = cos . sin i + S:
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|

t

t
2
sin
2
cos i
Bai 14: Tnh :
a) (cos12
o
+ isin12
o
)
5
S:
2
3
2
1
i +
b) [
0 0
30 sin 30 (cos 2 i + )]
7
S: 2 4 . 6 4 i
c)
6
) 3 ( i S: -2
6

d) (1 + i)
16
S: 2
8

e)
12
2
3
2
1
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ i S: 1
f)
2008
1
|
.
|

\
| +
i
i
S:
1004
2
1

g)
21
3 2 1
3 3 5
|
|
.
|

\
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+
i
i
S: 2
21