1

Chng I. C s l thuyt v iu khin Logic

I.1 L thuyt v iu khin Logic
I.1.1 nh ngha
- Khi nim v logic 2 trng thi:
Trong cuc sng hng ngy nhng s vt hin tng chng ta thng quy c
2 trng thi ny i lp nhau hon ton, v d: c/khng; thiu/; cn/ht; trong/c;
nhanh/chm...

Bng 1.1 V d v bng chn l hm 1 bin
Trong k thut, 2 trng thi thng s dng l: ng/m; chy/dng...
lng ha 2 trng thi ny, trong ton hc, ngi ta quy c bng con s
0 v 1. T , xy dng nn cc hm v bin da trn 2 bin logic ny.
I.1.2 Cc hm logic c bn
- Hm logic 1 bin
- Hm logic n bin
Hm logic n bin : y = f(x1,x2,x3,..,xn).
Ta c: 1 bin nhn 2
1
gi tr n bin nhn 2
n
gi tr; m mt t hp nhn 2 gi
tr, do vy hm c tt c l

trng hp.
V d :1 bin to 4 hm.
2 bin to 16 hm.
3 bin to 256 hm.
Qua v d trn, ta c th thy kh nng to hm rt ln nu s bin cng nhiu.
Tuy nhin tt c kh nng ny u c hin qua cc kh nng sau: tng logic, nghch
o logic, tch logic.


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I.1.3 Tnh cht
- Quan h gia cc h s:
0. 1 =0
1. 0 =0
0 +0 =0
0 +1 =1
1 +0 =1
1 +1 =1

= 1

= 0
y l quan h gia 2 hng s 0 v 1, l tin cho cc hm logic sau ny.
- Quan h gia cc bin v hng s:
A.0 =0
A. 1 =A
A+1 =1
A +0 =A
A. A =0
A + A =1
- Cc tnh cht khc:
+ Lut giao hon :
A. B =B. A
A +B =B +A
+ Lut kt hp :
( A +B) +C =A +( B +C)
( A. B). C =A. ( B. C)
+ Lut phn phi :
A ( B +C) =A. B +A. C
+ Cc tnh cht c th logic:
A. A =A
A +A =A
+ nh l De Mogan :


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+ Lut hm nguyn :

=A.
I.1.4 Cc phng php biu din hm logic
- Bng logic
* Nu hm c n bin th bng c n+1 ct (n ct cho bin & 1 ct cho hm)
* 2
n
hng tng ng vi 2
n
t hp bin.
Bng ny gi l bng s tht hay l bng chn l.
V d: Trong nh c 3 cng tc A,B,C. Khi mun n sng khi: cng tc A,B,C
u h; hoc A ng B, C h; hoc A h B ng C h. Vi gi tr ca hm y cho
trn ta biu din thnh bng nh sau:








Bng 1.2 Bng chn l cc gi tr tip im
- Biu din hnh hc
Thng thng, vi s lng bin t 2 n 3 bin, ngi ta biu din trn hnh hc
ging nh cc h ta . V d biu din 2 bin nh hnh 1.1

Hnh 1.1 Biu din bin s trn h ta
Cng tc n n
A B C Y
0 0 0 1 sng
0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1 sng
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 1 sng
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
1 1 1 0


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- Biu din biu thc i s
i vi tt c cc hm logic u c th biu din c di dng tng chun v
tch chun y .
- Biu din dng ba Karnaugh

Hnh 1.2 Biu din bng dng ba Karnaugh
Bng cc phng php biu din trn, ta s tng hp mch logic c kt
qu rt gn. Da trn cc kt qu ta s c cc phng php tnh ton iu khin bi
ton ti u nht.


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I.2 Logic trnh t v mch t hp
I.2.1 M hnh ton hc mch t hp
- nh ngha: Mch t hp l mch m tn hiu u ra thi im bt k ch ph
thuc vo t hp cc gi tr tn hiu u vo thi im
- Mch t hp thng c nhiu tn hiu u vo (x1, x2, x3, ) v nhiu tn hiu
u ra (y1, y2, y3, ). Mt cch tng qut c th biu din theo m hnh ton
hc nh sau:

y
1
= f
1
(x
1
, x
2
,... )
y
2
= f
2
(x
1
, x
2
,... )
...
Hnh 1.3 Mch t hp logic
I.2.2 Phn tch mch t hp
T yu cu nhim v cho ta bin thnh cc vn logic, tm ra bng chc
nng ra bng chn l. c thc hin theo cc bc sau:

Hnh 1.4 Cc bc thc hin phn tch mch t hp logic
Cc bc thc hin:
- Phn tch yu cu: cn nm r yu cu ca bi ton
+ xc nh no l bin u vo.
+ xc nh no l bin u ra.
+ tm ra mi lin h gia chng vi nhau.
iu ny i hi ngi thit k phi nm r yu cu thit k y l mt vic kh
khn nhng rt quan trng trong qua trnh thit k
- K bng chn l: lit k thnh bng v mi quan h gia u vo v ra
V d:
y
1
; y
2
;...

Mch t hp
x
1
; x
2
;...


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- Tng hp mch chn l: Nu s bin tng i t th dng phng php hnh v
Nu s bin tng i nhiu th dng phng php i s
Mt s mch t hp thng gp trong thc t: nh b m ha, mch lt FF
I.2.3 Logic trnh t
a, nh ngha: tn hiu u ra ch c thc hin khi cc tn hiu u vo c thc
hin theo trnh t thit lp t trc.
V d: cc mch lt FF...
b, Phng php m t mch trnh t:
- Bng trng thi
- Hnh trng thi
- Grafcet
Mt s mch t hp thng gp trong h thng
thng l b gii m, dn knh,...
Hnh 1.5 Mch t hp logic trnh t
I.2.4 Khi nim v mch trnh t
a, nh ngha: l mch c tn hiu u ra ch b kch hot khi cc u vo c kch
hot theo mt trnh t no .
iu ny c th thy khng th thc hin mch logic trnh t theo cc mch
logic thng thng m s dng cc c tnh ca mch lt FF
Mt s phn t logic trnh t: r le thi gian, cc mch lt FF: RS, JK,...
y
1
; y
2
;...
Mch t hp
Logic trnh t
x
1
; x
2
;...
ph


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Hnh 1.6 V d v mch trnh t dung mch lt FF
b, M t mch trnh t
- Phng php chuyn trng thi
Sau khi kho st mt cng ngh no , ta c c bng 1.3:

Bng 1.3 Bng m t s cng ngh
+ Cc ct ca bng ghi bin u vo v bin u ra (x
1
y
1
)
+ S hang ghi r s trng thi cn c ca h (S
1
)
+ giao gia ct x
i
vi trng thi S
j
ghi trng thi ca mch, nu trng thi mch
trng vi trng thi hng th trng thi n nh
+ giao gia y
i
v S
j
l tn hiu ra tng ng
thc hin tt vic lp bng, ta phi nm r c quy trnh cng ngh v bit chc


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cc trng thi chuyn i r rng. Cc trng thi khc khng bit hoc cha bit th b
xung sau. Phn tch tng xt trng thi. Tuy nhin, s rt kh khn khi phn bit
cc trng thi tng t nh bng 1.4

Bng 1.4 Cc trng thi tng t
- Phng php lu
Phng php ny m t trc quan, bao gm cc khi c bn:
+ Khi biu th gi tr ban u
+ Khi biu th cng vic tnh ton
+ Khi kim tra iu kin
+ Khi kt thc cng vic



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I.3 Grafcet
I.3.1 nh ngha
Trong dy chuyn sn xut cng nghip my mc thng hot ng theo trnh
t logic cht ch nhm m bo cht lng sn phm, an ton cho ngi v thit b.
Cu trc hot ng trnh t ca dy chuyn a ra yu cu cho iu khin ng thi
cng gi cho ta s phn nhm logic ca hot ng trnh t bi cc tp hp con ca
my mc v cc thut ton iu khin bng chng trnh con. S khi ca h iu
khin qu trnh c th hin theo s sau:

Hnh 1.7 S khi iu khin qu trnh
Mt qu trnh cng ngh bao gm ba hnh thc hot ng sau:
+ Hon ton t ng
+ Bn t ng
+ Bng tay
Trong qu trnh h thng lm vic, m bo an ton v linh hot, h iu
khin cn phi c s chuyn i d dng t t ng bn t ng hoc bng
tay v ngc li nh vy h mi p ng c yu cu thc t.
Trong qu trnh lm vic, s khng bnh thng (s c) ca h thng c rt
nhiu loi; v vy trong qu trnh phn tch h thng c gng m t chng mt cch
y nht, ngha l cc s kin v li a s phi c nh ngha trc. Trong vn
v s c ngi ta thng phn ra lm 3 nhm sau:
+ H hng mt b phn trong cu trc iu khin.
+ H hng cu trc trnh t iu khin.
+ H hng b phn chp hnh.
Khi thit k h thng phi tnh n cc phng n khc nhau nh: vic dng my khn
cp, x l tc ngn vt liu v nhiu hin tng nguy him khc ng thi cho php
ngi vn hnh can thip ngay im xy ra s c hoc c lp vng xy ra s c .


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Grafcet l cng c rt hu ch thit k v thc hin y cc yu cu ca h thng
t ng ho cc qu trnh cng ngh.
nh ngha Grafcet: Grafcet l t vit tt ca ting Php Graphe fontionnel de
commande tape transition, l hnh chc nng cho php m t cc trng thi hot
ng ca h thng v biu din qu trnh iu khin vi cc trng thi chuyn bin t
trng thi ny sang trng thi khc, l mt graph nh hng v xc nh bi cc
phn t sau: G := {E, T, A, M}
+ E = {E1, E2, E3, ... , Em} l mt tp hu hn cc trng thi (giai on ) ca
h thng, c k hiu bng hnh vung. ng vi mi trng thi sao cho hnh vi iu
khin l khng thay i, hnh vi c th hot ng hoc l khng hot ng. iu
khin chnh l thc hin cc mnh logic cha cc bin vo/ra h thng c c
trng thi xc nh trong h v y cng chnh l mt trong cc trng thi ca Grafcet.
+ T = {t1, t2, t3, ... ti} l tp hu hn cc chuyn trng thi, biu din bng du
gch ngang. Gia hai trng thi lun tn ti mt chuyn trng thi, chuyn trng thi
ny c dng hm Bool gn vi mt chuyn trng thi mt tip nhn
+ A = {a1, a2, a3, ... ai} l tp cc cung nh hng ni gia 1 trng thi vi 1
chuyn trng thi hoc 1 chuyn trng thi vi mt trng thi.
+ M = {m1, m2, m3, ... mi} l tp cc gi tr (0,1). Nu mi = 1 th trng thi i l
hot ng, ngc li trng thi i khng hot ng.
I.3.2 Mt s k hiu dng trong Grafcet
Hnh vung c nh s nh hnh 1.8 a), b) biu th trng thi; hnh ch nht bn
phi dng m t hot ng ca trng thi . Hai hnh ch nht lng vo nhau c
nh s, biu th trng thi khi u. Hnh vung nh s c km theo du chm .
biu th trng thi hot ng.

Hnh 1.8 K hiu c bn Grafcet


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Du gch ngang biu th cho vic chuyn trng thi. Trng thi c chuyn
khi iu kin chuyn c tho mn. Hnh 1.9

Hnh 1.9 K hiu trong chuyn trng thi
Cc k hiu phn nhnh hnh 1.10. Hnh 1.10 a) khi TT1 ang hot ng nu
t12 tho mn th TT2 hot ng; nu t13 tho mn th TT3 hot ng; nu t12 v t13
cng tho mn th TT2 v TT3 cng hot ng gi l TT OR. Tng t cho hnh 1.10
b). Hnh 1.10 c) TT1 ang hot ng nu t123 tho mn th c hai TT2 v TT3 hot
ng gi l trng thi AND. Hnh 1.10 d) TT7 v TT8 ang hot ng nu t789 tho
mn th TT9 hot ng trng thi ny gi l TT AND.

Hnh 1.10 K hiu phn nhnh


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Hnh 1.11 a) cho php thc hin bc nhy, nu ang hot ng TT2, iu
kin a tho mn th h thng s chuyn hot ng t TT2 sang TT5 b qua TT3 v
TT4; ngc li nu a khng tho mn th cc trng thi 3, 4, 5 ln lt s c thc
hin. Hnh 1.11 b) nu iu kin f cha tho mn th TT8 s quay v li TT7, nu f
tho mn th TT8 mi chuyn sang TT9

Hnh 1.11 K hiu bc nhy
I.3.3 ng dng ca Grafcet
Ta xt mt v d c th m t hot ng ca h thng t ng iu khin qu
trnh. H thng trn c s cng ngh hnh 1.12. Thng X dng cha nc
chun b cho h thng trn. Trc khi ng c M ko cnh khuy trn yu cu
thng Y phi c nc; cn 1 v 2 cn vt liu; lc ng c M khi ng cnh
khuy cng l lc hai bng ti C1, C2 c khi ng a hai vt liu A, B vo
thng trng Y.



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Hnh 1.12 S cng ngh trn
Trnh t khuy trn nh sau:
- Nu mc vt liu thng trn l min (Nmin) th h thng lm vic ch t ng
(AUT) Cp tn hiu cho m cc van V1, V2, V3.
- Bm P c khi ng bm nc t thng X vo thng Y.
- Khi khi lng cn trn cc cn 1, 2 th van V2, V3 ng li.
- Nc trong thng Y tng dn cho n khi t mc max (Nmax) th bm P dng v
van V1 ng li.
- Khi vic chun b nguyn vt liu trn xong, ng c khuy M bt u hot ng
ng thi cc van V4, V5 m, bng ti C1, C2 hot ng a liu vo thng Y.
- Qu trnh trn c tnh bng thi gian t2, sau thi gian t2 th c tn hiu Ft2 xut
hin v ct ng c khuy M kt thc qu trnh trn.
- Nlim l tn hiu cc hn trn cm hot ng khi thng trn Y qu y.
- Trc khi ng c M hot ng th van Ev m tho ht vt liu trong thng Y ra
ngoi n mc min (Nmin ng), ng thi vt liu trn cn 1, 2 ht th van V4, V5
t ng ng li nhng bng ti C1, C2 cn phi quay thm mt on na a ht
vt liu trn bng ti xung thng Y.
- V l do an ton, h thng cn c nt dng khn cp (AU) khi h thng c s c bt
thng, ng thi trc khi h thng hot ng li cn c tn hiu t li cho h thng
(REP).



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Hnh 1.13 S cu trc
y: M, P, C1, C2, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, Ev l bin iu khin qu trnh: AUT, AU,
REP. A, B, Nmin, Nmax, Nlim l tn hiu qu trnh a v iu khin trng thi.
C 2 iu kin v iu khin cn lu :
Phng thc lm vic t ng theo chu k. Chu k y l chu k trn, ngha
l h thng thc hin xong mi m trn. Mt m trn c bt u bng tn hiu
iu khin AUT (iu kin bt u l P, M, V1, V2... trng thi cha lm vic).
Phng thc kho khi c s c, khi c s c ngu nhin th h thng phi c
dng khn cp bng lnh AU. Lc ny phi cht li ngay kt qu ang x l, n khi
no s c c khc phc xong th c hot ng theo trnh t t li bng lnh REP
vi vic tnh n hoc khng tnh n iu kin khi ng ban u.
Ban u chng ta bt u i vo thit k h thng cha c lnh AU v REP
tham gia, l Grafcet hnh 1.14. Trng thi khi u trong trng hp ny l TT1.
Gi s cc iu kin u l thng mc min, c cu chp, hnh trng thi tt (sn
sng lm vic) th trng thi 2, 3, 4 c thc hin (van V1 m, bm P quay, van V2,
V3 m a vt liu xung cn 1, 2). Khi nc trong thng dng ln n mc max
(Nmax) th h thng chuyn sang trng thi 5. Khi khi lng trn cn 1 (tn hiu bo
A), khi lng rn cn 2 (tn hiu bo B) th h thng chun sang trng thi 6, 7.
Trng thi 5, 6, 7 biu hin cho nguyn liu trong mt m trn chun b xong. Khi
cc iu kin Nmax, A, B tha mn th h thng s chuyn sang trng thi 8, tng
ng ng c trn M hot ng, thi gian t2 c tnh, van V4, V5 m, bng ti C1, C2
hot ng. Khi x ht liu trn hai cn 1, 2 th van V1, V2 dng v thi gian t1 c
tnh hai bng ti chy thm 1 thi gian na (t1). Sau thi gian ny bng ti dng v
tn hiu Ft1 xut hin v h thng chuyn sang trng thi 9, ti y M vn cn hot
ng n khi thi gian t2 kt thc h thng s chuyn v trng thi ngh chun b
cho chu k tip theo.


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Hnh 1.14
Ngoi cc ch lm vic bnh thng, ta c th xy dng vi cc ch b li
v khc phc s c cho h thng trn.



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Chng 2 B iu khin lp trnh PLC
II.1 c im b iu khin logic kh trnh (PLC)
II.1.1 S ra i ca b iu khin PLC
Nm 1642, Pascal pht minh ra my tnh c kh dng bnh rng. n nm 1834
Babbage hon thin my tnh c kh "vi sai" c kh nng tnh ton vi chnh xc
ti 6 con s thp phn.
Nm 1808, Joseph M.Jaquard dng cc l trn tm ba th kim loi mng, sp
xp chng trn my dt theo nhiu chiu khc nhau iu khin my dt t ng
thc hin cc mu hng phc tap.
Trc nm 1904, Hoa K v c s dng mch rle trin khai chic my
tnh in t u tin trn th gii.
Nm 1943, Mauhly v Ackert ch to "ci my tnh" u tin gi l "my tnh v
tch phn s in t" vit tt l ENIAC. My c: 18.000 n iin t chn khng,
500.000 mi hn th cng, chim din tch 1613 ft2, cng sut tiu th in 174 kW,
6000 nt bm, khong vi trm phch cm.
Ch ti khi p dng k thut bn dn vo nm 1948, a vo sn xut cng nghip
vo nhng nm 60 th k trc th nhng my tnh in t lp trnh li mi c sn
xut v thng mi ho.
S pht trin ca my tnh cng km theo k thut iu khin t ng.
- Mch tch hp in t - IC - nm 1959.
- Mch tch hp gam rng - LSI - nm 1965.
- B vi x l - nm 1974.
- D liu chng trnh - iu khin.
- K thut lu gi...
Nhng pht minh ny nh du mt bc rt quan trng v quyt nh trong
vic pht trin t k thut my tnh v cc ng dng ca n nh PLC, CNC,... lc
ny khi nim iu khin bng c kh v bng in t mi c phn bit. S pht
trin ca PLC em li nhiu thun li v lm cho n cc thao tc my tr nn
nhanh, nhy, d dng v tin cy hn. N c kh nng thay th hon ton cho cc
phng php iu khin truyn thng dng rle (loi thit b phc tp v cng knh);
kh nng iu khin thit b d dng v linh hot da trn vic lp trnh trn cc lnh


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logic c bn; kh nng nh thi, m; gii quyt cc vn ton hc v cng ngh;
kh nng to lp, gi i, tip nhn nhng tn hiu nhm mc ch kim sot s kch
hot hoc nh ch nhng chc nng ca my hoc mt dy chuyn cng ngh.
Nh vy nhng c im lm cho PLC c tnh nng u vit v thch hp trong mi
trng cng nghip: Kh nng khng nhiu rt tt; Cu trc dng modul rt thun tin
cho vic thit k, m rng, ci to nng cp; C nhng modul chuyn dng thc
hin nhng chc nng c bit hay nhng modul truyn thng kt ni PLC vi
mng cng nghip hoc mng Internet; Kh nng lp trnh c, lp trnh dng
cng l ec im quan trng xp hng mt h thng iu khin t ng; Yu cu
ca ngi lp trnh khng cn gii v kin thc in t m ch cn nm vng cng
ngh sn xut v bit chn thit b thch hp l c th lp trnh c; Thuc vo h sn
xut linh hot do tnh thay i c chng trnh hoc thay i trc tip cc thng s
m khng cn thay i li chng trnh.
II.1.2 Cc khi nim c bn v PLC
Cc thnh phn ca mt PLC thng c cc modul phn cng sau:
(1) Modul ngun PS.
(2) Modul n v x l trung tm CPU.
(3) Modul b nh chng trnh v d liu ROM-RAM.
(4) Modul u vo/ra SM.
(5) Modul phi ghp IM ( h tr cho vn truyn thng ni b).
(6) Modul truyn thng CP ( h tr cho vn truyn thng mng).
(7) Modul chc nng FM (iu khin chc nng ring bit).
Cu trc phn cng ca PLC

Hnh 2.1 Cu trc c bn ca PLC S7-200


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- n v x l trung tm (CPU Central Procesing Unit):
Thng trong mi PLC c mt CPU, ngoi ra cn c mt s loi ln c ti hai
CPU dng thc hin nhng chc nng iu khin phc tp v quan trng gi l hot
standbuy hay redundant. Tuy nhin, i vi cc ng dng nh th ch c mt CPU
thc hin.Do , b vi x l quyt nh kh nng v chc nng ca PLC.
- B nh: Bao gm c RAM, ROM, EEPROM.
Mt ngun in d phng l cn thit cho RAM duy tr d liu ngay c khi mt
ngun in chnh. B nh c thit k thnh dng modul cho php d dng thch
nghi vi cc chc nng iu khin vi cc kch c khc nhau. Mun rng b nho ch
cn cm th nh vo rnh cm ch sn trn modul CPU.
- Khi vo/ ra:
Hot ng x l tn hiu bn trong PLC: 5VDC, 15VDC (in p cho h TTL &
CMOS). Trong khi tn hiu iu khin bn ngoi c th ln hn. khong 24VDV
n 240VDC hay 110VAC n 220VAC vi dng ln. Khi giao tip vo ra c vai tr
giao tip gia mch vi in t ca PLC vi mch cng sut bn ngoi. Thc hin
chuyn mc in p tn hiu v cch ly bng mch cch ly quang (Opto-isolator) trn
cc khi vo ra. Cho php tn hiu nh i qua v ghim cc tn hiu c mc cao xung
mc tn hiu chun.
Ng vo: nhn trc tip tn hiu t cm bin.
Ng ra: l cc transistor, rle hay triac vt l.
- Thit b lp trnh: C 2 loi thit b c th lp trnh c l:Cc thit b
chuyn dng i vi tng nhm PLC ca hng tng ng. My tnh c ci t
phn mm.
- Modul qun l vic phi ghp: Dng phii ghp b PLC vi cc thit b bn
ngoi nh my tnh, thit b lp trnh, bng vn hnh v mng truyn thng
cng nghip.
- Thanh ghi (Register): l b nh 16 bit hay 32 bit lu tr tm thi khi PLC
thc hin qu trnh tnh ton. Thanh ghi cht (Latch register) duy tr ni dung
cho n khi n c chng ln bng ni dung mi. Thanh ghi chuyn dng
(Special register). Thanh ghi tp tin hay thanh ghi b nh chng trnh
(Program memory registers). Thanh ghi iu chnh gi tr c t bin tr bn


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ngoi (External adjusting register). Thanh ghi ch mc (Index register).
- B m (Counter): k hiu l C.
+ Phn loi: tn hiu u vo: B m tin. B m li. B m tin li (b m
ny c c chuyn dng chn chiu m). B m pha ph thuc vo s lch pha gia
hai tn hiu xung kch. B m tc cao (high speed counter), xung kch c tn s
cao khong vi kZ n vi chc kZ.
+ Theo kch thc ca thanh ghi v chc nng ca b m: B m 16 bit. B
m 32 bit. B m cht: duy tr ni dung m ngay c khi PLC b mt in.
- B nh thi (times): k hiu l T, c dng nh cc s kin c quan tm
n vn thi gian, b nh thi trn PLC c gi l b nh thi logic. Vic
t chc nh thi thc cht l mt b m xung vi chu k c th thay i
c.
II.1.3 Gii thiu mt s nhm PLC ph bin hin nay trn th gii
. Siemens: c ba nhm
CPU S7 200:
CPU 21x: 210; 212; 214; 215-2DP; 216.
CPU 22x: 221; 222; 224; 224XP; 226; 226XM.
CPU S7300:
CPU S7400:
. Mitsubishi:
. Omron:
. Allen Bredly:
. Controtechnique:
. ABB:
AC 100M
AC 400M
AC 800M, l loi c 2 module CPU lm vic song song, ch d phng nng.



20

II.2 Tng quan v h PLC S7-200 ca hng Siemens
C hai series: 21x (loi c khng cn sn xut na) v 22x (loi mi). V mt tnh
nng th loi mi c u im hn nhiu.Bao gm cc loi CPU sau: 221, 222, 224,
224XP, 226, 226XM trong CPU 224XP c h tr analog I/O onboard v 2 port
truyn thng.

Bng 2.1: Cc loi CPU S7-200
II.2.1 Cu trc phn cng ca S7-200
II.2.1.1 Hnh dng bn ngoi:
- Cc n trng thi:

Hnh 2.2 Cu trc phn cng ca PLC S7-200


21

n RUN-mu xanh: Ch nh PLC ch lm vic v thc hin chng
trnh c np vo b nh chng trnh.
n STOP-mu vng: Ch nh PLC ch STOP, dng chng trnh ang
thc hin li (cc u ra u ch off).
n SF-mu , n bo hiu h thng b hng c ngha l li phn cng hoc
h iu hnh. y cn phn bit li h thng v li chng trnh ngi dng, li
chng trnh ngi dng th CPU khng th nhn bit c v trc khi download
xung CPU, phn mm lm nhim v kim tra trc khi dch sang m my.
n Ix.x-mu xanh: Ch nh trng thi On/Off ca u vo s.
n Qx.x-mu xanh: Ch nh trng thi On/Off ca u vo s.
Port truyn thng ni tip: RS 485 protocol, 9 chn s dng cho vic phi ghp
vi PC, PG, TD200, TD200C, OP, mng bin tn, mng cng nghip. Tc truyn -
nhn d liu theo kiu PPI l 9600 baud. Tc truyn - nhn d liu theo kiu
Freeport l 300- 38400 baud
- Cng tc chn ch :
Cng tc chn ch RUN: Cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh, khi chng
trnh gp li hoc gp lnh STOP th PLC s t ng chuyn sang ch STOP mc
d cng tc vn ch RUN (nn quan st n trng thi).
Cng tc chn ch STOP: Khi chuyn sang ch STOP, dng cng bc
chng trnh ang chy, cc tn hiu ra lc ny u v off.
Cng tc chn ch TERM: cho php ngi vn hnh chn mt trong hai ch
RUN/STOP t xa, ngoi ra ch ny c dng download chng trnh
ngi dng.
- Vt chnh nh tng t: Mi CPU c t 1 n 2 vt chnh nh tng t, c th
xoay c mt gc 270 , dng thay i gi tr ca bin s dng trong
chng trnh.
- Pin v ngun nui b nh: S dng t vn nng v pin. Khi nng lng ca t
b cn kit PLC s t ng chuyn sang s dng nng lng t pin.
II.2.1.2 Giao tip vi thit b ngoi vi
- Thit b lp trnh loi PGxx c trang b sn phn mm lp trnh, ch lp trnh
c vi ngn ng STL.


22

- My tnh PC trn c ci t phn mm Step7 Mcro/Win 32 v Step7
Mcro/Dos. Hin nay hu ht s dng Step7 Mcro/Win 32 version 3.0,3.2,4.0.
V4.0 cho php ngi lp trnh c th xem c gi tr, trng thi cng nh
th ca cc bin. Nhng ch s dng c trn my tnh c ci t h iu hnh
Window 2000/ WinNT v PLC loi version mi nht hin nay.
II.2.1.3 Giao tip gia sensor v c cu chp hnh:
S7-200 c hai loi c bn: AC/DC/RLY, loi ny in p ngun cung cp t 85-
264 VAC, tn s 47-63 Hz;
in p vo: c ngun cung cp in p chun cho sensor l 24VDC.
in p ra: loi ny s dng ngun in ngoi, c th l DC hoc AC nhng khng
vt qu 220V. Nu s dng i vi nhng thit b tiu th c cng sut b khong
chng vi W th c th ly trc tip ngun ca cm bin.
II.2.2 Cu trc b nh S7-200
II.2.2.1. Phn chia b nh
B nh c chia lm 4 vng c bn, hu ht cc vng nh u c kh nng c
ghi ch tr vng nh c bit SM (special memory) l vng nh ch c.
- Vng nh chng trnh l min b nh c dng lu gi cc lnh chng
trnh. Vng ny thuc kiu non-valatie c/ghi c.
- Vng nh tham s: l min lu gi cc tham s nh t kho, a ch trm...
cng ging nh vng chng trnh, Vng ny thuc kiu non-valatie c/ghi
c.
- Vng d liu: c s dng ct cc d liu ca chng trnh bao gm kt
qu ca cc php tnh, hng s c nh ngha trong chng trnh, b m
truyn thng...
- Vng i tng: Timer, b m, b m tc cao v cc cng vo/ra tng t
c t trong vng nh cui cng. Vng ny khng thuc kiu non-valatile
nhng c/ghi c.
II.2.2.2. Vng nh d liu v i tng:
Vng nh d liu l vng nh ng, n c th truy cp theo tng bit, byte,t n
(worrd), t kp (double worrd) v cng c th truy nhp c vi mng d liu. c
s dng lm min lu tr d liu cho cc thut ton, cc hm truyn thng, lp bng,


23

cc hm dch chuyn, xoay vng thanh ghi, con tr a ch...
Vng i tng c s dng lu gi d liu cho cc i tng lp rtnh nh
cc gi tr tc thi, gi tr t trc ca b m hay Timer. D liu kiu i tng bao
gm cc thanh ghi ca counter, b m, cc b m tc cao, b m vo/ra tng
t v cc thanh ghi AC (Accumulator). Vng nh d liu v i tng c chia ra
nhiu min nh nh vi nhng ng dng khc nhau. Chng c k hiu bng ch ci
u ca tn ting Anh. Thng s, chc nng, gii hn ca cc vng nh tng ng vi
tng CPU c m t qua cc bng sau:

Bng 2.2 Thng s, chc nng v gii hn vng nh cc h PLC S7-200
a ch truy nhp c quy c vi cng thc:
Truy nhp theo bit:
- Vit: tn min (+) a ch byte (+). (+) ch s bit (t 0
- c: ngc li, v d: V12.7_bit 7 ca byte 12 trong vng nh V.
Truy nhp theo byte:
- Vit: tn min (+) B (+) a ch ca byte trong min.
- c: ngc li, v d: VB32_byte 32 trong vng nh V.
Truy nhp theo Word (t):
- Vit: tn min (+) W (+) a ch byte cao ca t trong min.
- c: ngc li, v d: VW180_Word 180 trong vng nh V, t ny
gm c 2 byte 180 v 181
Truy nhp theo double Word (t kp):


24

- Vit: tn min (+) D (+) a ch byte cao ca t cao trong min.
- c: ngc li, v d: VD8_double Word 8 trong vng nh V, t kp
ny bao gm 4 byte 8, 9, 10, 11
Tt c cc byte thuc vng d liu c th truy nhp bng con tr. Con tr quy
nh trong vng nh V, L hoc cc thanh ghi AC1, AC2, AC3. Mi con tr gm 4
byte, dng lnh MOVD. Quy c s dng con tr truy nhp nh sau: &a ch byte
(cao) l ton hng ly a ch ca byte, t hoc t kp m con tr ang ch vo. V d:
AC1=&VB10, thanh ghi AC1 cha i ch ca byte 10 thuc vng nh V.
VD100=&VW110, t kp VD100 cha a ch byte cao (VB110) ca t n VW110.
AC2=&VD150, thanh ghi AC2 cha a ch ca byte cao (VB150) ca t kp VD150.
*con tr l ton hng ly ni dung ca byte, t hoc t kp m con tr ang ch
vo. V d nh i php gn a ch trn th:
*AC1=VB10, ly ni dung ca byte VB10.
*VD100=VW110, ly ni dung ca t n VW110.
Php gn a ch v s dng con tr nh trn cng c tc dng vi nhng thanh ghi 16
bit ca Timer, b m thuc vng i tng hay cc vng nh I, Q, V, M, AI, AQ, SM
II.2.2.3 M rng cng vo ra
S module m rng tu thuc vo tng loi CPU, s module tng ng vi tng
loi CPU c trnh by theo bng 2.3. Cch mc ni cc module m rng c mc
ni tip (theo mt mc xch) v pha bn phi ca module CPU. Cc module s hoc
tng t u chim ch trn b m 100 vo/ra tng ng vi u vo/ra ca module

Bng 2.3 Quy tc nh a ch cho cc module m rng PLC S7-200


25

Chng 3. Ngn ng lp trnh cho PLC S7-200
III.1 Phng php lp trnh
S7-200 biu din mt mch logic cng bng mt dy cc lnh lp trnh. Chng
trnh bao gm mt dy cc tp lnh. S7-200 thc hin chng trnh bt u t lnh lp
trnh u tin v kt thc lp trnh cui trong mt vng qut (scan).
Mt vng qut c bt u bng mt vic c trng thi ca u vo, v sau
thc hin chng trnh. Vng qut kt thc bng vic thay i trng thi u ra. Trc
khi bt u mt vng qut tip theo S7-200 thc thi cc nhim v bn trong v nhim
v truyn thng. Chu trnh thc hin chng trnh l chu trnh lp.
Cch lp trnh cho S7-200 ni ring v cho cc PLC ni chung da trn hai
phng php c bn. Phng php hnh thang (Ladder, vit tt l LAD) v phng
php lit k lnh (Statement list, vit tt l STL).
Nu c mt chng trnh vit di dng LAD, thit b lp trnh s t ng to ra
mt chng trnh theo dng STL tng ng. Ngc li khng phi mi chng trnh
vit di dng STL u c th chuyn sang c dng LAD.
Phng php hnh thang (LAD): LAD l mt ngn ng lp trnh bng ha,
nhng thnh phn c bn dng trong LAD tng ng vi cc thnh phn ca bng
iu khin bng r le. Trong chng trnh LAD, cc phn t c bn dng biu
din lnh logic nh sau:
+ Tip im: Tip im thng m Tip im thng ng

+ Cun dy (coil): L biu tng ( ) m t r le c mc theo chiu dng
in cung cp cho r le.
+ Hp (Box): L biu tng m t cc hm khc nhau, n lm vic khi c dng
in chy n hp. Nhng dng hm thng c biu din bng hp l cc b
thi gian (Timer), b m (counter) v cc hm ton hc. Cun dy v cc hp
phi mc ng chiu dng in.
Mng LAD: L ng ni cc phn t thnh mt mch hon thin, i t ng
ngun bn tri sang ng ngun bn phi.. Dng in chy t tri qua tip im n
ng cc cun dy hoc cc hp tr v bn phi ngun.


26

Phng php lit k lnh (STL): L phng php th hin chng trnh di dng
tp hp cc cu lnh. Mi cu lnh trong chng trnh, k c nhng lnh hnh thc
biu din mt chc nng ca PLC.
Cc ton hng v gii hn cho php ca CPU 2xx:
Phng php truy nhp Gii hn cho php ca cc ton hng
Truy nhp bit (a ch byte, ch s bit) V (0.0 4095.7)
I (0.0 7.7)
Q (0.0 7.7)
M (0.0 31.7)
SM (0.0 85.7)
T (0 127)
C (0 127)
Truy nhp bit VB (0 4.095)
IB (0 7)
MB (0 31).
SMB (0 85)
AC (0 3)
Hng s
Truy nhp t n VW (0 4094)
T (0 127)
C (0 127)
IW (0 6)
QW (0 6)
MW (0 30)
SMW (0 84)
AC (0 3)
AIW (0 30)
AQW (0 30)
Hng s
Truy nhp t kp VD (0 4092)
ID (0 4)
QD (0 4)
MD (0 28)
SMD (0 82)
AC (0 3)
HC (0 2)
Hng s.



27

III.1.1 Mt s lnh c bn dng trong lp trnh
III.1.1.1 Cc lnh vo ra
- Load (LD): Lnh LD np gi tr logic ca mt tip im vo trong bt u tin
ca ngn xp (xem hnh a), cc gi tr c cn li trong ngn xp b y li xung
mt bt.
- Load Not (LDN): Lnh LDN np gi tr logic nghch o ca mt tip im vo
trong bt u tin ca ngn xp (xem hnh b), cc gi tr cn li trong ngn xp
b y li xung mt bt.
Cc dng khc nhau ca lnh LD, LDN cho LAD nh sau:
LAD M t Ton hng
LD n Tip im thng m
s c ng nu n = 1.
n: I, Q, M, SM, T, C, V
(bit)

LDN n Tip im thng ng
s m khi n = 1.
LDI n Tip im thng m
s ng tc thi khi n = 1
n: I
LDNI n Tip im thng ng
s m tc thi khi n = 1
Cc dng khc nhau ca lnh LD, LDN cho STL nh sau:
Lnh M t Ton hng
LD n

Lnh np gi tr logic
ca im n vo bt u
tin trong ngn xp.
n (bt): I, Q, M, SM, T,
C, V

LDN n Lnh np gi tr logic
nghch o ca im n
vo bt u tin trong
ngn xp.
LDI n Lnh np tc thi gi
tr logic ca im n vo
bt u tin trong ngn
xp.
n: I
LDNI n Lnh np tc thi gi
tr logic nghch o ca
im n vo bt u tin
trong ngn xp.


28


- OUTPUT (=)
Lnh sao chp ni dung ca bt u tin trong ngn xp vo bt c ch nh trong
lnh. Ni dung cua ngn xp khng b thay i.
M t lnh bng LAD nh sau:
LAD M t Ton hng

Cun dy u ra trng thi
kch thch khi c dng iu
khin i qua.
n: I, Q, M, SM, T, C, V (bt)


Cun dy u ra c kch
thch tc thi khi c dng
iu khin i qua.
n: Q (bt)
M t bng lnh STL nh sau:
STL M t Ton hng

= n
Lnh = sao chp gi tr
ca nh ngn xp ti tip
im n c ch dn trong
lnh.
n: I, Q, M, SM, T, C, V (bt)

= I n
Lnh = I (immediate) sao
chp tc thi gi tr ca nh
stack ti tip im n c
ch dn trong lnh.
n: Q (bt)

III.1.1.2 Cc lnh ghi/ xa gi tr cho tip im
- SET (S) v RESET (R):
Lnh dng ng (SET) v ngt (RESET) cc im gin on c thit k.
Trong LAD, logic iu khin dng in ng hoc ngt cc cuc dy u ra. Khi dng
iu khin n cc cuc dy th cc cun dy ng hoc m cc tip im (hoc mt
dy cc tip im).


29

Trong STL, lnh truyn trng thi bt u ca ngn xp n cc im thit k. Nu
bt ny c gi tr =1, cc lnh S v R s ng ngt tip im hoc mt dy cc tip
im (gii hn t 1 n 255). Ni dung ca ngn xp khng b thay i bi lnh ny.
M t bng lnh LAD
LAD M t Ton hng

ng mt mng gm n cc
tip im k t S_BIT
S BIT: I, Q, M, SM,
T, C, V
n(byte): IB, QB, MB,
SMB, VB,AC, Hng s,
*VD, *AC
ng mt mng gm n cc
tip im k t S BIT. Nu S
BIT li ch vo Timer hoc
Counter th lnh s xa bt u
ra ca Timer/ Counter .

ng tc thi mt mng
gm n cc tip im k t S
BIT
S BIT: Q

N(byte): IB, QB, MB,
SMB, VB,AC, Hng s,
*VD, *AC

Ngt tc thi mt mng
gm n cc tip im k t a
ch S BIT

STL M t Ton hng
S S_bit, n Ghi gi tr logic vo mt
mng gm n bt k t a ch S
BIT
S BIT: I, Q, M, SM,
T, C, V
(bit)

n: IB, QB, MB,
SMB, VB
(byte) AC, Hng s,
*VD, *AC
R S_bit, n Xa mt mng gm n bt k
t a ch S BIT. Nu S BIT
li ch vo Timer hoc
Counter th lnh s xa bt u
ra ca Timer / Counter.


30

SI S_bit, n Ghi tc thi gi tr logic 1
vo mt mng gm n bt k t
a ch S BIT
S BIT: Q
(bit)
n: IB, QB, MB,
SMB, VB (byte)
(byte) AC, Hng s,
*VD, *AC
RI S_bit, n n Xa tc thi mt mng
gm n bt k t a ch S
BIT

Hnh 3.1 V d v cc lnh c bn Out, Set v Reset
III.1.1.3 Cc lnh logic i s (BOOLEAN)
- AND (A) v OR (O)
Cc lnh tip im i s Boolean cho php to lp c cc mch logic (khng c
nh). Trong LAD cc lnh ny c biu din thng qua cu trc mch, mc ni tip
hay song song cc tip im thng ng v cc tip im thng m. STL c th s
dng cc lnh A (And) v O (Or) cho cc hm h hoc cc lnh AN (And Not), ON
(Or Not) cho cc hm kn.
Gi tr ca ngn xp thay i ph thuc vo tng lnh.
Lnh M t Ton hng


31

Lnh M t Ton hng
A n
O n
Lnh thc hin ton t (A) v (O)
gia gi tr logic ca tip im n v
gi tr bt u tin trong ngn xp.
Kt qu c ghi li bt u trong
ngn xp.
n: I, Q, M, SM, T, C,
V
(bit)

AN n
ON n

Lnh thc hin ton t ^ (A) v V
(O) gia gi tr logic nghch o ca
tip im n v gi tr bt u tin
trong ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi li
bt u trong ngn xp.

AI n
OI n
Lnh thc hin tc thi ton t ^
(A) v V (O) gia gi tr logic ca
tip im n v gi tr bt u tin
trong ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi li
bt u trong ngn xp.
n: 1
(bit)

ANI n
ONI n
Lnh thc hin tc thi ton t ^
(A) v V (O) gia gi tr logic
nghch o ca tip im n v gi tr
bt u tin trong ngn xp. Kt qu
c ghi li bt u trong ngn xp.
Lnh A v O phi hp gi tr logic ca mt tip im n vi gi tr bt u tin ca
ngn xp. Kt qu php tnh c t li vo bt u tin trong ngn xp. Gi tr ca
cc bt cn li trong ngn xp khng b thay i.
Lut tnh ton ca cc php tnh logic And v Or nh sau:
x y And Or
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1
- ALD, OLD, LPS, LRD, LPP


32

Ngoi nhng lnh lm vic trc tip vi tip im, S7-200 cn c 5 lnh c bit
biu din cc php tnh ca i s Boolean cho cc bit trong ngn xp, c gi l cc
lnh stack logic. l cc lnh ALD (And load), OLD (Or load), LPS (Logic push),
LRD (Logic read) v LPP (Logic pop). Lnh stack logic c dng t hp, sao
chp hoc xa cc mnh logic. LAD khng c b m dnh cho lnh stack logic.
STL s dng cc lnh stack logic thc hin phng trnh tng th c nhiu biu
thc con.
Bng sao tm tt c php gi cc lnh stack logic trong STL.
Lnh M t Ton hng
ALD Lnh t hp gi tr ca bt u tin v th hai ca
ngn xp bng php tnh logic. Kt qu ghi li vo
bt u tin. Gi tr cn li ca ngn xp c ko
ln mt bt.
Khng c
OLD Lnh t hp gi tr ca bt u tin v th hai ca
ngn xp bng php tnh logic V. Kt qu ghi li
vo bt u. Gi tr cn li ca ngn xp c ko
ln mt bt.
Khng c
LPS Lnh logic Push (LPS) sao chp gi tr ca bt u
tin vo bt th hai trong ngn xp. Gi tr cn li b
y xung mt bt. Bt cui cng b y ra khi
ngn xp.
Khng c
LRD Lnh sao chp gi tr ca bt th hai vo bt u tin
trong ngn xp. Cc gi tr cn li ca ngn xp gi
nguyn v tr.
Khng c
LPP Lnh ko ngn xp ln mt bt. Gi tr ca bt sau
c chuyn cho bt trc.
Khng c

Lnh ALD v lnh OLD thc hin php tnh logic And v Or gia hai bt u tin
ca ngn xp. Kt qu ca php logic ny s c ghi li vo bt u trong ngn xp.
Ni dung cn li ca ngn xp c ko ln mt bt.
LOGIC PUSH (LPS)


33

LOGIC READ (LRD)
LOGIC POP (LPP)
Lnh LPS, LRD va LPP l nhng lnh thay i ni dung bt u tin ca ngn xp.
Lnh LPS sao chp ni dung ca bt u tin v bt th hai trong ngn xp, ni dung
ngn xp sau o b y xung mt bt. Lnh LRD ly gi tr ca bt th hai ghi vo bt
u tin ca ngn xp, ni dung ngn xp c ko ln mt bt. Lnh LPP ko ngn
xp ln mt bt.
- ORW, ORD, ANDW, ANDD, XORW, XORD
Lnh thc hin cc thut ton logic And, Or v Exclusive Or ca i s Boolean
trn 2 bit hoc 4 byte. S7-200 cung cp thm nhng lnh logic c kh nng thc hin
cc thut ton logic trn mt mng nhiu tip im (hay nhiu bt) nh trn 2 byte
hoc 4 byte. Lut tnh ton ca chng nh sau:
x y x And y x Or y x XOR y
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 0
Cch biu din cc lnh logic ny trong LAD v STL c tm tt trong bng sau.
Chng s dng bt nh c bit SM 1.0 thng bo v trng thi kt qu php tnh
c thc hin (kt qu bng 0).
Biu din trong STL
STL M t Ton hng

ANDW IN1 IN2
Lnh thc hin php logic
AND gia cc bt tng ng ca
hai t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c
ghi li vo IN2
IN1: VW, T, C,
IW, QW.
(word) SMW,
AC, AIW, *VD
*AC, Hng s.

IN2: VW, T, C,
IW, QW

ORW IN1 IN2
Lnh thc hin php logic OR
gia cc bt tng ng ca hai t
IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li
vo IN2


34

STL M t Ton hng

XORW IN1 IN2
Lnh thc hin php logic
XOR gia cc bt tng ng ca
hai t IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c
ghi li vo IN2
(word) W, CA,
AIW, *VD, *AC

ANDD IN1 IN2
Lnh thc hin php logic
AND gia cc bt tng ng ca
hai t kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu
c ghi li vo IN2
IN1: VD, ID,
QD, MD, SMQ.
(Dword) AC,
HC, *CD,*AC
Hng s.

IN2: VD, ID,
QD, MD, SMD
(Dword)AC,
*VD, *AC

ORD IN1 IN2
Lnh thc hin php logic OR
gia cc bt tng ng ca hai t
kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c
ghi li vo IN2

XORD IN1 IN2
Lnh thc hin php logic
XOR gia cc bt tng ng ca
hai t kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu
c ghi li vo IN2

Biu din trong LAD vi cc kiu d liu
LAD M t Ton hng

Lnh thc hin php
tnh logic AND theo
tng bt ca IN1 v IN2.
Kt qu c ghi vo
OUT.
IN1: VW, T, C,
IW, QW (word)
SMW, AC, AIW, VD
*AC, Hng s.
IN2: VW, T, C,
IW, QW, (word)
SMW, AC, AIW,
*VD, *AC, Hng s.
OUT: VW, T, C,
IW, QW, MW, (word)

Lnh thc hin php
tnh logic OR gia cc
bt tng ng ca hai t
IN1 v IN2. Kt qu
c ghi vo t OUT.


35


Lnh thc hin php
tnh logic XOR gia cc
bt ca IN1 v IN2. Kt
qu c ghi vo OUT.
SMW, AC, *VD,
*AC

III.1.1.4 Cc lnh tip im c bit
C th dng cc lnh tip im c bit pht hin s chuyn tip trng thi ca
xung (sn xung) v o li trng thi ca dng cung cp (gi tr ca nh ngn xp).
LAD s dng cc tip im c bit tc ng vo dng cung cp. Cc tip im c
bit khng c ton hng ring ca chnh chng v v th phi t chng vo v tr pha
trc ca cun dy hoc hp u ra. Tip im chuyn tip dng/m (cc lnh sn
trc v sn sau) c nhu cu v b nh, nn i vi CPU 214 l 256 lnh.
Biu din trong ngn ng LAD
LAD M t Ton hng

Tip im o trng thi ca dng cung cp.
Nu dng cung cp c tip im o th n b
ngt mch, nu khng c tip im o th n
thng mch.
Khng c


Tip im chuyn i dng cho php dng
cung cp thng mch trong mt vng qut khi
sn xung iu khin chuyn t 0 ln 1
Khng c


Tip im chuyn i m cho php dng cung
cp thng mch trong mt vng qut khi sn
xung iu khin chuyn t 1 xung 0.
Khng c

Biu din trong ngn ng STL
STL M t Ton hng
NOT Lnh o gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn
xp.
Khng c
EU Lnh nhn bit s chuyn tip trng thi t 0 Khng c


36

STL M t Ton hng
ln 1 trong mt vng qut ca nh ngn xp.
Khi nhn c s chuyn tip nh vy nh
ngn xp s c gi tr bng 1 trong mt vng
qut.
ED Lnh nhn bit s chuyn tip trng thi t 1
xung 0 trong mt vng qut ca nh ngn
xp. Khi nhn c s chuyn tip nh vy
nh ngn xp s c gi tr bng 1 trong mt
vng qut.
Khng c

NOT (NOT)
EDGE UP (EU)
EDGE DOWN (ED)
Lnh NOT, EU va ED thc hin cc thut ton c bit trn bt u tin ca ngn
xp. Lnh NOT o gi tr ca bt u tin trong ngn xp. Lnh EU khi pht hin thy
sn ln t 0 n 1 trong bt u tin ca ngn xp th t gi tr 1 vo bt u tin ca
ngn xp trong khong thi gian bng mt vng qut.


37


Bng 3.2 V d v cc lnh And, Not v Edge Down
III.1.1.5 Cc lnh so snh
Khi lp trnh, nu c cc quyt nh v iu khin c thc hin da trn kt
qu ca vic so snh th c th s dng lnh so snh cho byte, t hay t kp cua S7-
200.
Khi so snh gi tr ca byte th khng cn phaii y n du cua ton hng. Ngc
li khi so snh cc t hoc t kp vi nhau th phi n du ca ton hng, ngc
li khi so snh cc t hoc t kp vi nhau th phi n du ca ton hng l bt
cao nht trong t hoc t kp.
Biu din cc lnh so snh trong LAD (v d vi cc kiu d liu khc nhau):
LAD M t Ton hng

Tip im ng khi
n1 = n2

n1, n2: VB, IB,
QB, MB, SMB, AC,
Const, *VD*, AC


38

LAD M t Ton hng

Tip im ng khi
n1 > n2

n1, n2 (t): VW, T,
C, IW, QW, MW,
SMW,AC, AIW,
Hng s, *VD, *AC
n1, n2(t kp):VD,
ID, QD, MD, SMD,
AC, HC, Hng s,
*VD, *AC

Tip im ng khi
n1 < n2


Trong STL, nhng lnh so snh thc hin php so snh byte, t v t kp. Cn c
vo kiu so snh (<=, =, >=), kt qu ca php so snh c gi tr bng 0 (nu ng)
hoc 1 (nu sai) nn c th s dng kt hp cng vi cc lnh logic A, O, NOT to
ra c cc php so snh m S7-200 khng c lnh so snh tng ng nh: so snh
khng bng nhau (< >), so snh nh hn (>), c th to ra c nh dng kt hp lnh
NOT vi cc lnh c (=, >=, <=). V d sau m t vic thc hin php so snh
khng bng nhau (< >) gia ni dung ca t V>W100 v hng s 50 bng cch s
dng kt hp php so snh bng nhau LDW = v lnh o NOT.
LDB =, LDW =
LDD =, LDR =
LDB < =, LDW < =
LDD < =, LDR < =
LDB > =, LDW > =
LDD > =, LDR > =
AB =, AW =
AD =, AR =
AB < =, AW < =
AD < =, AR < =
Biu din lnh so snh trong STL:
STL M t Ton hng
LDB = n
1
n
2
Lnh thc hin php tnh logic Load,


39

STL M t Ton hng
AB = n
1
n
2
OB = n
1
n
2

And hoc Or gia gi tr logic 1 vi
ni dung nh ngn xp khi ni dung
2 byte n
1
v

n
2
tha

mn n
1
= n
2

n
1,
n
2
(byte):VB,
IB, QB, MB,
SMB, AC, hng
s, *VD, *AC LDB > = n
1
n
2
AB > = n
1
n
2
OB > = n
1
n
2

Lnh thc hin php tnh logic Load,
And hoc Or gia gi tr logic 1 vi
ni dung nh ngn xp khi ni dung
2 byte n
1
v

n
2
tha

mn n
1
>

= n
2

LDB < = n
1
n
2
AB < = n
1
n
2
OB < = n
1
n
2

Lnh thc hin php tnh logic Load,
And hoc Or gia gi tr logic 1 vi
ni dung nh ngn xp khi ni dung
2 byte n
1
v

n
2
tha

mn n
1
< = n
2

LDW = n
1
n
2
AW = n
1
n
2
OW = n
1
n
2

Lnh thc hin php tnh logic
Load, And hoc Or gia gi tr logic
1 vi ni dung nh ngn xp khi ni
dung 2 t n
1
v

n
2
tha

mn n
1
= n
2


n
1,
n
2
(t):VW, T, C,
QW, MW,
SMW, AC,
AIW, hng s,
*VD, *AC
LDW > = n
1
n
2
AW > = n
1
n
2

OW > = n
1
n
2

Lnh thc hin php tnh logic Load,
And hoc Or gia gi tr logic 1 vi
ni dung nh ngn xp khi ni dung
2 t n
1
v

n
2
tha

mn n
1
> = n
2

LDW < = n
1
n
2
AW < = n
1
n
2

OW < = n
1
n
2

Lnh thc hin php tnh logic Load,
And hoc Or gia gi tr logic 1 vi
ni dung nh ngn xp khi ni dung
2 t n
1
v

n
2
tha

mn n
1
< = n
2

LDD = n
1
n
2
AD = n
1
n
2

OD = n
1
n
2

Lnh thc hin php tnh logic Load,
And hoc Or gia gi tr logic 1 vi
ni dung nh ngn xp khi ni dung
2 t kp n
1
v

n
2
tha

mn n
1
= n
2


n
1,
n
2
(t kp)
:VD, ID, QD,
MD, SMD, AC,
HC, hng s,
*VD, *AC
LDD > = n
1
n
2
AD > = n
1
n
2

OD > = n
1
n
2

Lnh thc hin php tnh logic Load,
And hoc Or gia gi tr logic 1 vi
ni dung nh ngn xp khi ni dung


40

STL M t Ton hng
2 t kp n
1
v

n
2
tha

mn n
1
> = n
2

LDD < = n
1
n
2
AD < = n
1
n
2

OD < = n
1
n
2

Lnh thc hin php tnh logic Load,
And hoc Or gia gi tr logic 1 vi
ni dung nh ngn xp khi ni dung
2 t kp n
1
v

n
2
tha

mn n
1
< = n
2

LDR = n
1
n
2
AR = n
1
n
2

OR = n
1
n
2

Lnh thc hin php tnh logic Load,
And, Or gia gi tr logic 1 vi ni
dung nh ngn xp nu hai s thc
n
1
v n
2
(4 byte) tha mn n
1
= n
2


n
1,
n
2
(t
kp):VD, ID,
QD, MD, SMD,
AC, HC, hng
s, *VD, *AC
LDR > = n
1
n
2
AR > = n
1
n
2

OR > = n
1
n
2

Lnh thc hin php tnh logic Load,
And, Or gia gi tr logic 1 vi ni
dung nh ngn xp nu hai s thc
n
1
v n
2
(4 byte ) tha mn n
1
> = n
2

LDR < = n
1
n
2
AR < = n
1
n
2

OR < = n
1
n
2

Lnh thc hin php tnh logic Load,
And, Or gia gi tr logic 1 vi ni
dung nh ngn xp nu hai s thc
n
1
v n
2
(4 byte) tha mn n
1
< = n
2



Hnh 3.3 V d v s dng lnh so snh
III.1.2 Lnh nhy chng trnh con v can thip vng qut
III.1.2.1 Lnh nhy chng trnh con


41

Cc lnh ca chng trnh, nu khng c nhng lnh iu khin ring, s c thc
hin theo th t t trn xung di trong mt vng qut. Lnh iu khin chng trnh
cho php thay i th t thc hin lnh. Chng cho php chuyn th t thc hin,
ng l ra l lnh tip theo, ti mt lnh bt c no khc ca chng trnh, trong
ni iu khin chuyn n phi c nh du trc bng mt nhn, ch, ch. Thuc
nhm lnh iu khin chng trnh gm: lnh nhy, lnh gi chng trnh con, nhn
ch ch, hay gi n gin l nhn, phi c nh du trc khi thc hin lnh nhy
hay lnh gi chng trnh con.
Vic t nhn cho lnh nhy phi nm trong chng trnh. Nhn ca chng trnh
con, hoc ca chng trnh x l ngt c khai bo u chng trnh. Khng th
dng lnh nhy JMP chuyn iu khin t chng trnh chnh vo mt nhn bt k
trong chng trnh con hoc trong chng trnh x l ngt. Tng t nh vy cng
khng th t mt chng trnh con hay chng trnh x l ngt nhy vo bt c mt
nhn no nm ngoi cc chng trnh .
Lnh gi chng trnh con l lnh chuyn iu khin n chng trnh con. Khi
chng trnh con thc hin xong cc php tnh ca mnh th vic iu khin li c
chuyn tr v lnh tip theo trong chng trnh chnh nm ngay sau lnh gi chng
trnh con. T mt chng trnh con c th gi c mt chng trnh con khc trong
n, c th gi nh vy nhiu nht l 8 ln trong S7-200. Ni chung (trong mt chng
trnh con c lnh gi n chnh n) v nguyn tc khng b cm song phi n
gii hn trn.
Nu lnh nhy hay lnh gi chng trnh con c thc hin th nh ngn xp lun
c gi tr logic 1. Bi vy trong chng trnh con cc lnh c iu kin c thc hin
nh cc lnh khng iu kin. Sau cc lnh LBL (t nhn) v SBR, lnh LD trong
STL s b v hiu ha.
Khi mt chng trnh con c gi, ton b ni dung ca ngn xp s c ct i,
nh ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic mi l 1, cc bt khc ca ngn xp nhn gi tr
logic 0 v iu khin c chuyn n chng trnh con c gi. Khi thc hin
xong chng trnh con v trc khi iu khin c chuyn tr li chng trnh gi
n, ni dung ngn xp c ct gi trc s c chuyn tr li ngn xp.


42

Ni dung ca thanh ghi AC khng c ct gi khi gi chng trnh con, nhng khi
mt chng trnh x l ngt c gi, ni dung ca thanh ghi AC s c ct gi
trc khi thc hin chng trnh x l ngt v np li khi chng trnh x l ngt
c thc hin xong. Bi vy chng trnh x l ngt c th t do s dng bn thanh
ghi AC ca S7-200.
JMP, LBL, SBR, RET
Lnh nhy JMP v lnh gi chng trnh con SBR cho php chuyn iu khin t
v tr ny n v tr khc trong chng trnh. C php ca lnh nhy v lnh gi
chng trnh con trong LAD v STL u c ton hng l nhn ch ch (ni nhy n,
ni cha chng trnh con).
Lnh nhy, lnh gi chng trnh con, lnh khai bo nhn v lnh thot khi
chng trnh con c biu din trong LAD v trong STL nh sau:
LAD STL M t Ton hng




JMP n
Lnh nhy thc hin
vic chuyn iu khin
n nhn n trong mt
chng trnh.
n: 0 255



LBL n Lnh khai bo nhn n
trong mt chng trnh.

SBR n Lnh gn nhn n cho
mt chng trnh con.

RET Lnh tr v chng trnh
gi chng trnh con
khng iu kin.
Khng c

III.1.2.2 Cc lnh can thip vo thi gian vng qut
Cc lnh ny c dng kt thc chng trnh ang thc hin, v ko di trong
khong thi ca mt vng qut.


43

Trong LAD v STL chng trnh chnh phi c kt bng lnh kt thc khng
iu kin MEND. C th s dng lnh kt thc c iu kin END trc lnh kt thc
khng iu kin.
Lnh STOP kt thc chng trnh, n chuyn iu khin chng trnh n ch
STOP. Nu gp lnh STOP trong chng trnh chnh hoc trong chng trnh con th
chng trnh ang thc hin s c kt thc ngay lp tc.
Lnh WDR s khi ng li ng h quan st (watchdog Timer) v chng trnh
tip tc c thc hin trong vng qut ch quan st.
S dng lnh END, STOP v WDR trong LAD v STL nh sau:
LAD STL M t

END Lnh kt thc chng trnh chnh hin hnh c iu
kin.

STOP Lnh STOP kt thc chng trnh hin hnh v
chuyn sang ch STOP.

WDR Lnh WDR khi to li ng h quan st.




44

III.2 Cc lnh iu khin Timer
III.2.1 nh ngha
Timer l b to thi gian tr gia tn hiu vo v tn hiu ra nn trong iu khin
vn thng gi l khu tr. Nu k hiu tn hiu vo l x(t) v thi gian tr c to ra
bng Timer l r th tn hiu u ra ca Timer s l x (t-r).
S7-200 ty thuc vo tng loi CPU m c s lng Timer khc nhau. Thng
thng, c 3 loi Timer:
* Timer to thi gian tr khng c nh theo sn, k hiu l TON.
* Timer to thi gian tr theo sn xung, k hiu l TOF.
* Timer to thi gian tr c nh, k hiu l TONR.
Ba kiu Timer ca S7-200 (TON, TOF v TONR) phn bit vi nhau phn ng
ca n i vi trng thi tn hiu u vo, tc l khi tn hiu u vo chuyn trng thi
logic t 0 ln 1, c gi l thi im Timer c kch, v khng tnh khong thi
gian khi u vo c gi tr logic 0 vo thi gian tr tn hiu c t trc.
Timer TON, TOF v TONR bao gm 3 loi vi 3 phn gii khc nhau, phn
gii 1ms, 10 ms, 100 ms. Thi gian tr r c to ra chnh l tch ca phn gii ca
b Timer c chn v gi tr t trc cho Timer.
hi gian tr P phn gii
VD: Cn thi gian tr l 10s
Dng T37 phn gii 100ms
10s/100ms=100 -> PT
Dng T33 phn gii 10ms -> PT=1000
Timer ca S7-200 c nhng tnh cht c bn sau:
Cc b Timer c iu khin bi mt cng vo v gi tr m tc thi. Gi tr m
tc thi ca Timer c nh trong thanh ghi 2 byte (gi l T-word) ca Timer, xc
nh khong thi gian tr k t khi Timer c kch. Gi tr t trc ca cc b
Timer c k hiu trong LAD v STL l PT. Gi tr m tc thi ca thanh ghi T-
word thng xuyn c so snh vi gi tr t trc ca Timer.
Mi b Timer, ngoi thanh ghi 02 byte T-word lu gi tr m tc thi, cn c 1 bt,
k hiu bng T-bt, ch trnh thi logic u ra. Gi tr logic ca bt ny ph thuc vo
kt qu so snh gia gi tr m tc thi vi gi tr t trc.


45

i vi Timer kiu TON v TONR, trong khong thi gian tn hiu x (t) c gi tr
logic 1, gi tr m tc thi trong T-word lun c cp nht v thay i tng dn cho
n khi n t gi tr cc i. Khi gi tr m tc thi ln hn hoc bng gi tr t
trc, T-bt c gi tr logic 1.
i vi Timer kiu TOF, khi u vo chuyn mc logic ln 1, gi tr t s c
t v 0, khi u vo chuyn mc logic 0, gi tr ca T-word s m n PT. Khi u
vo chuyn t mc logic 0 ln mc logic 1 th T-bit s c set ln 1, khi u vo
chuyn t 1 xung 0, gi tr T-bit =1 v n s tr v 0 khi gi tr T-word=PT. Lu ,
khng c s dng cng mt lc hai loi Timer kiu TON v TOF cho mt a ch.
Cc loi Timer ca S7-200 (v d i vi CPU 214) chia theo TON, TOF, TONR v
phn gii bao gm:
Lnh phn gii Gi tr cc i CPU 214

TON
TOF
1 ms 32,767s
T32T96
10 ms 327,67s
T33T36; T97 T100
100 ms 3276,7s
T37T63; T101 T127

TONR
1 ms 32,767s
T0 T64
10 ms 327,67s
T1T4; T65T68
100 ms 3276,7s
T5T31; T69T95

III.2.2 Khai bo v s dng
C php khai bo s dng Timer trong LAD nh sau:
LAD M t Ton hng


Khai bo Timer s hiu xx
kiu TON to thi gian tr
tnh t khi u vo IN c kch.
Nu T-word ln hn hoc bng
PT th T-bt c gi tr logic bng
1. C th reset Timer kiu TON
bng lnh R hoc bng gi tr
logic 0 ti u vo IN

PT: VW, T, C, IW,
QW, AIW, SMW,
AC, AIW, VD
*AC, Hng s.


46


Khai bo Timer s hiu zz
kiu TONR to thi gian tr
tnh t khi u vo IN c kch.
Nu T-word ln hn hoc bng
PT th T-bt c gi tr logic bng
1. Ch c th reset kiu TONR
bng lnh R cho T-bt

Khai bo Timer s hiu yy
kiu TOF to tr tnh t khi
u vo IN chuyn t 1 xung 0.
Reset kiu TOF bng lnh R.
C php khai bo s dng imer trong SL nh sau:
TON, TONR khai bo s dng Timer ca S7-200, lnh khai bo s dng Timer l
lnh c iu kin. Ti thi im khai bo tn hiu u vo c gi tr logic bng gi tr
logic ca bt u tin trong ngn xp.
STL M t Ton hng

TON Txx n
Khai bo Timer s hiu xx kiu
TON to thi gian tr tnh t khi
bt u tin trong ngn xp c gi tr
logic 1. Nu nh gi tr m tc thi
ln hn hoc bng gi tr t trc n
th T-bt c gi tr logic bng 1. C
th reset Timer kiu TON bng lnh
R hoc bng gi tr logic 0 ti u
vo.
n (word) :VW, T,
C, IW,QW, AIW,
SMW,
AC, AIW, VD
*AC, Hng s
TONR Tzz n
Khai bo Timer s hiu zz kiu
TONR to thi gian tr tnh t
khi bt u tin trong ngn xp c
gi tr logic 1. Nu nh gi tr m
tc thi ln hn hoc bng gi tr
t trc n th T-bt c gi tr logic


47

bng 1. Ch c th reset Timer kiu
TONR bng lnh R cho T-bt
TOF Tyy n Khai bo Timer s hiu yy kiu
TOF to thi gian tr tnh t khi
bt u tin trong ngn xp c gi tr
logic t 1 xung 0

Ch : Khi s dng Timer kiu TONR, gi tr m tc thi c lu li v khng b
thay i trong khong thi gian khi tn hiu u vo c logic 0. Gi tr ca T-bt khng
c nh m hon ton ph thuc vo kt qu so snh gia gi tr m tc thi v gi
tr t trc.
Cc Timer c nh s t 0 n 127 (i vi CPU 21x) hoc 255 (CPU 22x). Mt
Timer c t tn l Txx, trong xx l s hiu ca Timer. Txx ng thi cng l a
ch hnh thc ca T-word v T-bt vn c phn bit vi nhau nh kiu lnh s dng
vi Txx. Khi dng lnh lm vic vi t, Txx c hiu l a ch ca T-word, ngc
li khi s dng lnh lm vic vi tip im, Txx c hiu l a ch ca T-bt.
Mt Timer ang lm vic c th c a li v trng thi khi ng ban u. Cng
vic a mt Timer v trng thi ban u c gi l reset Timer .
Khi reset mt b Timer, T-word v T-bt ca n ng thi c xa v c gi tr
bng 0, nh vy gi tr m tc thi c t v 0 v tn hiu u ra cng c trng thi
logic bng 0. C th reset bt c b Timer ca S7-200 bng lnh R (reset). iu ni
rng khi dng lnh R cho T-bt ca mt Timer, Timer s c a v trng thi ban
u v lnh R cho mt Txx va xa T-word va xa T-bt ca Timer .
Lu v cch s dng cc phn gii ca Timer (xt chng trnh sau):
. u tin b nh thi vi phn gii 1 ms c s dng (T32, gi tr t trc
300). Q0.0 s c gi tr bng 1 (ON) trong thi gian mt vng qut khi v ch khi no
thi im cp nht ca b nh thi m gi tr m vt qua gi tr t trc ri vo
ng gia lc thc hin hai lnh ny. Ngha l sau khi lnh trc c thc hin
nhng phi trc khi thc hin lnh sau
. Nu s dng b nh thi vi phn gii 10 ms (T33, gi tr t trc 30), Q0.0
khng bao gi c gi tr 1 (lun lun OFF)


48

. Trng hp cui cng s dng b nh thi vi phn gii 100 ms (T37, gi tr
t trc bng 3). Q0.0 lun lun c gi tr bng 1 (ON) trong ng thi gian mt
vng qut
m bo chc chn Q0.0 s c gi tr 1 (ON) trong thi gian mt vng qut, ta
phi dng cng tc thng ng Q0.0 kch hot cc b nh thi thay v dng cng
tc thng ng vi bit trng thi ca n.

Hnh 3.4 V d v s dng phn gii ca Timer







49

V d v s dng Timer
TON:


Hnh 3.5 V d v s dng Timer kiu TON
Khi ng vo I0.0 =1 Timer T37 c kch , Nu sau 10x100ms =1s I0.0 vn gi
trng thi th Bit T37 s ln 1 ( Khi Q0.0 ln 1). Nu I0.0 =1 khng thi gian 1S
th bit T37 s khng ln 1

TOF:


Hnh 3.6 V d v s dng Timer kiu TOF
Khi Ng vo I0.0 = 1 th bit T33 ln 1 (Ng ra Q0.0 ln 1). Khi I0.0 xung 0,thi
gian Timer bt u tnh , thi gian 1s = 100x10ms th bit T33 s tt (Q0.0 tt). Nu
I0.0 xung 0 trong khong thi gian cha 1s ln 1 li th bit T33 vn gi nguyn
trng thi

TONR:
Ng vo I0.0 c tc dng kch thi gian cho Timer, khi ng I0.0 =1 thi gian Timer
c tnh,khi I0.0=0 thi gian khng b Reset v 0.Khi thi gian th Bit T1 s ln 1.
Thi gian Timer ch b Reset khi c tn hiu Reset Timer ( tn hiu t ng I0.1)


50



Hnh 3.7 V d v s dng Timer kiu TONR





51

III.3 Cc lnh iu khin Counter
III.3.1 nh ngha
Counter l b m hin chc nng m sn xung ln trong S7-200. Cc b m
ca S7-200 c chia ra lm 3 loi: b m tin (CTU), m li (CTD) v b m
tin/li (CTUD).
- B m tin CTU m s sn ln ca tn hiu logic u vo, tc l m s ln
thay i trng thi logic t 0 ln 1 ca tn hiu. S sn xung m c, c
ghi vo thanh ghi 2 byte ca b m, gi l thanh ghi C-word. Ni dung ca C-
word, gi l gi tr m tc thi ca b m, lun c so snh vi gi tr t
trc ca b m c k hiu l PV. Khi gi tr m tc thi bng hoc ln
hn gi tr t trc ny th b m bo ra ngoi bng cch t gi tr logic 1
vo mt bt c bit ca n, c gi l C-bt. Trng hp gi tr m tc thi
nh hn gi tr t trc th C-bt c gi tr logic l 0. Khc vi cc b Counter,
cc b m CTU u c chn ni vi tn hiu iu khin xa thc hin vic
t li ch khi pht ban u (reset) cho b m, c k hiu bng ch ci
R trong LAD hay c qui nh l trng thi logic ca bt u tin ca ngn xp
trong STL. B m c reset khi tn hiu xa ny c mc logic l 1 hoc khi
lnh R (reset) c thc hin vi C-bt. Khi b m c reset, c C-word v
C-bt u nhn gi tr 0.
- B m li CTD m s sn ln ca tn hiu logic u vo, tuy nhin khc vi
m li, b m c th thc hin c th phi c tn hiu u vo gi l tn
hiu kch hot (LD). Khi cha c tn hiu kch, nu c sn ln logic u vo,
ti thi im C-word = 0 th b m s khng hot ng. Nu tn hiu kch
hot = 1 th C-word s c np bi gi tr t, v ng vi mi sn ln u
vo, gi tr C-word s b gim i mt n v, khi m ti 0, n s dng m.
Trong qu trnh C-word >0, C-bit = 1. B m li khng c chn Reset.
- B m tin/ li CTUD m tin khi gp sn ln ca xung vo cng m, k
hiu l CU trong LAD hoc bt th 3 ca ngn xp trong STL, v m li khi
gp sn ca xung vo cng m li, c k hiu l CD trong LAD hoc bt
th 2 ca ngn xp trong STL. Ging nh b m CTU, b m CTUD cng
c a v trng thi khi pht ban u bng 2 cch. Khi u vo logic ca


52

chn xa, k hiu bng R trong LAD hoc bt th nht ca ngn xp trong STL,
c gi tr logic l 1 hoc bng lnh R (reset) vi C-bt ca b m. CTUD c
gi tr m tc thi ng bng gi tr ang m v c lu trong thanh ghi 2
byte C-word ca b m. Gi tr m tc thi lun c so snh vi gi tr t
trc PV ca b m. Nu gi tr m tc thi ln hn bng bng gi tr t
trc th C-bt c gi tr logic bng 1. Cn cc trng hp khc C-bt c gi tr
logic bng 0.
III.3.2 Khai bo v s dng
Cc b m c nh s t 0 n 127/(256) CPU 214/(224) v k hiu bng Cxx,
trong xx l s th t ca b m. K hiu Cxx ng thi cng l a ch hnh thc
ca C-word v ca C-bt. Mc d dng a ch hnh thc, song C-word v C-bt vn
c phn bit vi nhau nh kiu lnh s dng lm vic vi t hay vi tip im (bt).
Lnh khai bo s dng b m trong LAD nh sau:
LAD M t Ton hng


Khai bo b m tin theo sn
ln ca CU. Khi gi tr m tc
thi C-word>= PV, C-bit c gi
tr 1. B m c reset khi u
vo R c gi tr logic bng 1. B
m ngng m khi C-word t
gi tr cc i 32.767.
PV (word) :
VW, T, C, IW,
QW, MW, SMW,
AC,
AIW, Hng s,
*VD, *AC

Khai bo b m theo sn ln
ca CD. Khi u vo CD chuyn
mc logic t 0 ln 1, gi tr C-
word s gim i 1 n v (vi
iu kin C-word >0). Nu u
vo LD chuyn t 0 ln 1, gi tr
PV s np vo C-word. m ti
0 s dng, trong khong C-
word>0, C-bit =1


53


Khi bo b m tin/li, m
tin theo sn ln ca CU v
m li theo sn ln ca CD.
Khi gi tr m tc thi C-word
Cxx >= PV, C-bt (cxx) c gi tr
logic bng 1. B m ngng
m tin khi C-word t gi tr
cc i 32.767, ngng m li
khi C-word t cc tiu -32.767
CTUD reset khi u vo R c
gi tr logic bng 1.
PV
(word):VW,T, C,
IW, QW, MW,
SMW, AC,A IW,
Hng s, *VD,
*AC
Lnh khai bo s dng b m trong STL nh sau:
STL M t Ton hng



CTU Cxx n
Khai bo b m tin theo sn ln
ca CU. Khi gi tr m tc thi C-
word ln hn hoc bng gi tr t
trc n, C-bt c gi tr logic bng 1.
B m c reset khi u ngn xp
c gi tr logic bng 1. B m ngng
m khi C-word t gi tr cc i
32.767.
n (word):VW,
T, C, IW, QW,
MW, SMW, AC,
AIW, Hng s.
*VD, *AC
CTD Cxx n Khai bo b m li theo sn xung



CTUD Cxx n
Khai bo b m tin/li, m tin
theo sn ln ca CU v m li theo
sn ln ca CD. Khi gi tr m tc
thi C-word, Cxx ln hn hoc bng
gi tr t trc n, C-bt c gi tr
logic bng 1, b m ngng m tin
khi C-word t gi tr cc i 32.767
v ngng m li khi C-word t
c gi tr cc tiu 32.767 CTUD
Cxx: C48 C79

n (word) : VW,
T, C, IW, QW,
MW, SMW, AC,
AIW, Hng s,
*VD, *AC


54

reset khi bt u ca ngn xp c gi
tr logic bng 1.

V d v s dng cc b m li, m tin li:
m tin CTU:


Hnh 3.8 V d v s dng b m tin
M t: Mi ln c mt sn cnh ln chn CU, gi tr b m (1 Word) c tng
ln 1.Khi gi tr hin ti ln hn hoc bng gi tr t PV(Preset value), ng ra s c
bt ln ON. Khi chn Reset c kch (sn ln) gi tr hin ti b m v ng ra c
tr v 0. B m ngng m khi gi tr b m t gi tr ti a l 32767

m li CTD:


Hnh 3.9 V d v s dng b m li


55

M t: Khi chn LD c kch (sn ln) gi tr PV c np cho b m. Mi ln c
mt sn cnh ln chn CD, gi tr b m (1 Word) c gim xung 1.Khi gi tr
hin ti ca b m bng 0, ng ra s c bt ln ON v b m s ngng m.

m tin li CTUD:


Hnh 3.10 V d v s dng b m tin li
M t: Mi ln c mt sn cnh ln chn CU, gi tr b m (1 Word) c tng
ln 1. Mi ln c mt sn cnh ln chn CD, gi tr b m c gim xung 1.Khi
gi tr hin ti ln hn hoc bng gi tr t PV(Preset value), ng ra s c bt ln
ON. Khi chn R c kch (sn ln) gi tr b m v ng Out c tr v 0. Gi tr
cao nht ca b m l 32767 v thp nht l 32768. Khi gi tr b m t ngng.




56

III.4 Cc lnh d liu
III.4.1 Cc lnh s hc
a. Lnh cng (ADD)
Lnh ADD_I
L lnh thc hin php cng cc s nguyn 16-bt IN1 v IN2.
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s nguyn 16-bt c ghi vo OUT, tc l:
IN1 + IN2 = OUT.
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l mt gi tr 16-bt nhng c ghi vo IN2, tc l
IN1 + IN2 = IN2.
Lnh ADD_DI:
L lnh thc hin php cng cc s nguyn 32-bt IN1 v IN2
Trong LAD, kt qu l mt s nguyn 32-bt c ghi vo OUT, tc l:
IN1 + IN2 = OUT.
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l mt gi tr 32-bt nhng c ghi vo IN2, tc l
IN1 + IN2 = IN2.
Lnh ADD_R:
L lnh thc hin php cng cc s thc 32-bt IN1 v IN2.
Trong LAD, kt qu l mt s thc 32-bt c ghi vo OUT, tc l:
IN1 + IN2 = OUT.
Cn trong STL, kt qu cng l mt gi tr thc 32-bt nhng c ghi vo IN2, tc
l IN1 + IN2 = IN2.
b. Lnh tr (SUB)
Lnh SUB_I:
L lnh thc hin php tr cc s nguyn 16-bt IN1 v IN2
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s nguyn 16-bt v c ghi vo OUT, tc l:
IN1 - IN2 = OUT.
Cn trong STL, kt qu l mt gi tr 16-bt nhng c ghi li vo IN2, tc l IN1-
IN2 = IN2.
Lnh SUB-DI:
L lnh thc hin php tr cc s nguyn 32-bt IN1 v IN2
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s nguyn 32-bt c ghi vo IN2, tc l:


57

IN1 - IN2 = IN2.
Cn trong STL, kt qu l mt gi tr 32-bt nhng c ghi li vo IN2, tc l IN1-
IN2 = IN2.
Lnh SUB_R:
L lnh thc hin php tr cc s thc 32-bt IN1 v IN2
Trong LAD kt qu l mt s thc 32-bt c ghi vo OUT, tc l:
IN1 - IN2 = OUT.
Trong STL, kt qu l mt gi tr 32-bt nhng c ghi li vo IN2, tc l IN1-
IN2 = IN2.
C php dng lnh cng v tr trong LAD v STL nh sau:
LAD STL

+ I IN1 IN2

- I IN1 IN2

i vi cc dng d liu khc, ch thay th kiu d liu s dng. V d: dng php
cng tr kiu W, thay kiu d liu I bng kiu d liu W.
c. Lnh nhn (MUL)
Lnh MUL:
Trong LAD: Lnh thc hin php nhn 2 s nguyn 16-bt IN1 v IN2 v cho ra kt
qu 32-bt cha trong t kp OUT (4 byte).
Trong STL: Lnh thc hin php nhn gia 2 s nguyn 16-bt n1 v s nguyn
cha trong t thp (t 0 n bt 15) ca ton hng 32-bt n2 (4 byte). Kt qu 32-bt
c ghi vo n2.
Lnh MUL_R:
Trong LAD: lnh thc hin php nhn hai s thc 32-bt IN1 v IN2 v cho ra kt
qu 32-bt cha trong t kp OUT (4 byte).
Trong STL: Lnh thc hin php nhn gia s thc 32-bt c ghi vo IN2.


58

d. Lnh chia (DIV)
Trong LAD: Lnh thc hin php chia s nguyn 16-bt IN1 cho s nguyn 16-bt
IN2. Kt qu 32-bt cha trong t kp OUT gm thng s ghi trong mng 16-bt t
bt 0 n bt15 (t thp) v phn d cng 16-bt ghi trong mng t bt-16 n bt-31 (t
cao).
Trong STL: Lnh thc hin php chia s nguyn 16-bt n1 cho s nguyn, s
nguyn 16-bt nm trong t thp t bt 0 n bt 15 ca ton hng 32-bt n2. Kt qu
32-bt c ghi li vo n2 bao gm thng s ghi trong mng 16-bt t bt 0 n bt 15
(t thp) v phn d ghi trong mng 16-bt t bt-16 n bt-31 (t cao).
Lnh DIV_R:
Trong LAD: lnh thc hin php chia s thc 32-bt IN1 cho s thc 32-bt IN2 v
cho ra kt qu 32-bt cha trong t kp OUT.
Trong STL, lnh thc hin php chia s thc 32-bt IN1 cho s thc 32-bt IN2, kt
qu 32-bt c ghi li vo IN2.
e. Lnh ly cn bc 2 (SQRT)
L lnh thc hin ly cn bc hai ca s thc 32-bt IN. Kt qu l mt s 32-bt
c ghi vo t kp OUT.
III.4.2 Cc lnh dch chuyn ni dung nh
Cc lnh dch chuyn ni dung nh thc hin vic di chuyn hoc sao chp s liu
t vng ny sang vng khc trong b nh.
Trong LAD hay trong STL lnh dch chuyn thc hin vic di chuyn hay sao chp
ni dung ca mt byte, mt t n, mt t kp hoc mt gi tr thc t vng ny sang
vng khc trong b nh.
Lnh MOV_B, MOV_R, MOV_W, MOV_DW
L lnh sao chp ni dung ca byte IN sang byte OUT.
C php dng lnh MOV_B trong LAD hay MOVB trong STL nh sau:
LAD STL


59


MOVB IN OUT
Tng t nh vy i vi cc kiu d liu khc.
Cc lnh dch chuyn thanh ghi
Cc lnh dch chuyn thanh ghi c chia lm hai nhm:
- Nhm cc lnh lm vic vi thanh ghi c di bng mt t n (16-bt) hay
mt t kp (32-bt).
- Nhm cc lnh lm vic vi thanh ghi c di ty m c nh ngha trong
lnh.
Nhm lnh vi thanh ghi c di 16 hoc 32 bt.
Lnh dch chuyn thuc nhm ny cho php dch chuyn v quay cc bt trong cc
t n v trong cc t kp.
S ln dch chuyn cc bt ca t n hay t kp c ch th bng mt ton hng
trong c gi l s ln m y.
S ln quay cc bt ca t n hay t kp cng c ch th bng mt ton hng
trong lnh, c gi l s ln m quay.
Khi s dng cc lnh dch chuyn cc bt ca t n hay t kp cn ch :
S khng thc hin vic dch chuyn nu nh s m ln y bng 0.
Nu s ln y c gi tr ln hn 0, bt nh trn SM1.1 c gi tr logic ca bt cui
cng c y ra.
Nu s m ln y ln hn hoc bng 16 (t n), ln hn hoc bng 32 (t kp)
khi dch chuyn th lnh s ch thc hin vi s m ln y ln nht l 16 hoc 32.
Lnh SRW (y cc bt t n sang phi) v SDR (y cc bt t kp sang phi) s
chuyn gi tr 0 vo bt cao nht ca t hoc t kp ti mi ln y. Sau khi thc hin
lnh, bt SM1.1 s c gi tr ca bt th N-1 ca t n hoc t kp vi N l s ln y.
Lnh SLW (y cc bt t n sang tri) v SRD (y cc bt t kp sang tri) s
chuyn gi tr logic 0 vo bt thp nht ca t hoc t kp ti mi ln y. Sau khi thc
hin lnh, bt SM1.1 s c gi tr ca bt th 16-N i vi t n hoc 32-N i vi t
kp, trong N l s ln y.


60

Bt bo kt qu 0 (bt SM1.0) s c gi tr logic bng 1 nu nh sau khi thc hin
lnh y ni dung ca t n hay t kp bng 0.
Khi s dng lnh quay cc bt ca t n hay t kp cn ch :
Lnh quay thc hin php y vng trn sang tri hay phi cc bt ca mt t n
hoc ca mt t kp. Ti mi ln quay, gi tr logic ca bt b y ra khi u ny cng
l gi tr logic c a vo u kia ca t hay ca t kp.
Lnh quay s khng thc hin nu nh s m ln quay c gi tr l 0 hay bng bi
s ca 16 (vi t n) hoc 32 (vi t kp).
i vi cc gi tr khc ca s m ln quay ln hn 16 (i vi t n) hoc 32
(i vi t kp), lnh s thc hin vi s m ln quay mi bng phn d ca s m
ln quay c chia cho 16 hoc chia cho 32.
Khi thc hin lnh quay sang phi RRW (vi t n) hay RRD (vi t kp), ti mi
ln quay gi tr thp nht trong t hoc t kp c ghi vo bt bo trn SM1.1. Sau
khi lnh c thc hin xong bt SM1.1 s c gi tr logic bt 16-N ca t n hoc
32-N ca t kp, trong N l s m ln quay.
Khi thc hin lnh quay sang tri RLW (vi t n) hay RLD (vi t kp) ti mi
ln quay, gi tr logic ca bt cao nht trong t hoc t kp c ghi vo bt bo trn
SM1.1. Sau khi lnh c thc hin xon bt SM1.1 s c gi tr logic bt th N-1 trong
t n hoc t kp, trong N l s m ln quay (mi).
Bt bo kt qu 0 (bt SM1.0) s c gi tr logic 1 nu t hay t kp c quay c
gi tr bng 0.
Lnh SHR_B (W, R, D):
L lnh dch chuyn cc bt ca t n IN sang phi N v tr, trong N c gi l
s m ln dch chuyn. Ti mi ln dch chuyn, gi tr logic 0 c a vo bt cao
(bt th 15) v gi tr logic ca bt thp (bt 0) c chuyn vo bt bo trn SM1.1.
Trong LAD kt qu c ghi vo OUT, cn trong STL kt qu vn nm trong IN.
C php ca lnh nh sau:
LAD STL


61



SRW IN N
Tng t nh vy i vi cc kiu d liu khc.
III.4.3 Hm i d liu tng ng thanh ghi 7 nt
Hm SEG chuyn i s nguyn h c s Hexa trong khong 0 F sang thnh gi
tr bit tng ng ca thanh ghi 7 nt.
Hm SEG lp gi tr cc bit ca thanh ghi 7 nt tng ng vi ni dung ca 4 bit
thp ca byte u vo IN. Kt qu c ghi co byte u ra OUT
S cc bit ca thanh ghi 7 nt
S nguyn Thanh ghi 7 nt
- g f e d c b a

0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1










1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
2 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
3 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1
4 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
5 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
7 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1
8 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
9 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1
A 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
B 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
C 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
D 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
E 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
F 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1

LAD STL Ton hng
a
b
c
d
e
f
g


62



SEG IN OUT
IN (Byte) :VB, IB,
QB, MB, SMB, AC,
*VD, *AC, hng s
OUT(byte): VB, IB,
QB, MB, SMB, AC,
*VD, *AC

III.4.4 ng h thi gian thc
ng h ti gian thc ch c CPU 214. c th lm vic vi ng h thi gian
thc CPU 214 cung cp hai lnh c v ghi gi tr cho ng h. Nhng gi tr c
c hoc ghi c vi ng h thi gian thc l cc gi tr v ngy, thnh, nm, v
cc gi tr gi, pht, giy. Cc d liu c, ghi vi ng h thi gian thc trong LAD
v trong STL c di mt byte v phi c m ha theo kiu s nh phn BCD.
Byte 0
Nm ( 0 99)
Byte 1
Thng(0 12)
Byte 2
Ngy (0 31)
Byte 3
Gi (0 23)
Byte 4
Phc (0 59)
Byte 5
Giy (0 59)
Byte 6 0
Byte 7 0 ngy trong tun

Cc d liu hp l l:
Nm (yy) Thng (mm) Ngy (dd) Gi (hh) Pht (mm) Giy (ss)
0 99 1 12 1 31 0 23 0 59 0 59

Ring gi tr v ngy trong tun l mt s tng ng vi ni dung ca nibble(4 bit)
thp trong byte theo kiu:
Ch nht Th hai Th ba Th t Th nm Th su Th by
1 2 3 4 5 6 7


63


READ_RTC (LAD)
TODR (STL)
Lnh c ni dung ca ng h thi gian thc vi b m 8 byte c ch th trong
lnh bng ton hng T.

SET_RTC (LAD)
TODW (STL)
Lnh ghi ni ca b m 8 byte c ch th trong lnh bng ton hng T vo ng
h thi gian thc.
C php s dng lnh c, ghi d liu vi ng h thi gian thc trong LAD, STL:
LAD STL Ton hng

TODR T

T(byte) : VB, IB,
QB, MB, SMB,
*VD, *AC


TODW T

Tuyt i khng s dng lnh TODR v lnh TODW ng thi va trong chng
trnh chnh, va trong chng trnh x l ngt. Khi mt lnh TODR hay TODW
c thc hin, th khi gi chng trnh x l ngt, cc lnh ln vic vi ng h thi
gian thc trong chng trnh x l ngt s khng c thc hin na. Bit SM4.5 s c
logic 1 trong nhng trng hp nh vy.
III.4.5 Lnh truyn thng
III.4.5.1 Lnh truyn (XMT), nhn (RCV)
c s dng trong ch truyn thng freeport truyn d liu qua cng truyn
thng. Vic nhn d liu qua Port giao tip c thc hin bng 2 cch:
- C th thc hin vic nhn d liu bng lnh RCV ( hon ton tng t vic
truyn d liu)


64

- Nhn d liu bng cch dng ngt thng qua Port giao tip,phng php ny
thng c dng nhiu hn,do phng php ny c th qun l c s lng
Byte truyn nhn d dng hn.
LAD STL

XMT Table, Port

RCV Table, Port

Bit EN: tn hiu cho php truyn d liu qua cng Com
TBL : VB,MB,IB,QB.SMB,*LD,*AC,*VD
Port : 0 cho CPU 221,222,224
0,1 cho CPU 224XP,CPU226
V d v s dng lnh truyn thng: Mun truyn cc k t: T R I qua port 0.
Ta thc hin nh sau, vi 3 l s chui truyn i, s dng VB lm bin truyn.


65



III.4.5.2 Xut, nhn d liu qua cng giao tip
S7_200 thng thng cho php ta s dng cc Port giao tip giao tip vi
cc thit b bn ngoi,Trng hp CPU s dng c 2 Port giao tip th ta cng c th
s dng c 2 Port giao tip c th giao tip vi cc thit b bn ngoi ( Nh : Giao
tip 485 vi u cn,giao tip vi cc u o in.).
a, Xut d liu
thc hin vic xut d liu ra Port giao tip ta thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: nh dng cho vic giao tip qua Port (Tc Baud,s Bit d liu) thng
qua 2 byte SMB30 (cho Port 0),SMB130 (cho Port 1)
Bc 2: Thc hin vic xut d liu


66


Bng 4.1 nh dng giao tip qua Port
V d:

nh dng giao tip Port 0 (No Parity, 8
data bits per character, tc baud 9600,
ch Freeport protocol)


Xut d liu qua Port 0.
TBL = VB200

b, Nhn d liu
thc hin vic nhn d liu qua Port giao tip ,trc ht ta cng phi nh
dng giao thc cho vic giao tip ging nh phn xut d liu ra Port giao tip.
thc hin vic nhn d liu,ta thc hin vic lin kt s kin nhn d liu qua Port
giao tip ( S kin s 8 cho Port 0,s kin s 25 cho Port 1).
V d:


67


Lin kt s kin ngt s 8 vi
chng trnh ngt INT_0 ( s
kin nhn d liu qua Port giao
tip)
Cho php ngt (ENI)


Con tr tr ti nh VB300

D liu sau khi nhn c a
vo con tr AC1 (tc l a
vo VB300),sau tng con tr
ln 1. Con tr ang VB301

Tng con tr ln 1

Sau s gi chng trnh con x l chui d liu va mi nhn .
Ngoi ra, cn c cc lnh v c (NETR), ghi (NETW) trn mng. Lnh thit lp cng
giao tip (GET_ADDR v SET_ADDR).


68

Chng 4 PLC S7-300 Siemens v ngn ng lp trnh
IV.1 Gii thiu v PLC S7-300
IV.1.1 Tng quan chung
y l dng sn phm cao cp, c dng cho nhng ng dng ln vi nhng yu
cu I/O nhiu v thi gian p ng nhanh,yu cu kt ni mng,v c kh nng m
rng cho sau ny. Ngn ng lp trnh a dng cho php ngi s dng c quyn chn
la. c im ni bt ca S7_300 l ngn ng lp trnh cung cp nhng hm ton
a dng cho nhng yu cu chuyn bit nh : Hm SCALE.. hoc ta c th s dng
ngn ng chuyn bit xy dng hm ring cho ng dng m ta cn. Ngoi ra S7-
300 cn xy dng phn cng theo cu trc Modul, ngha l i vi S7-300 s c
nhng Modul tch hp cho nhng ng dng c bit nh Modul PID, Modul c xung
tc cao.
Cc loi tn hiu kt ni vi PLC bao gm:
a, n hiu s: L cc tn hiu thuc dng hm Boolean, dng tn hiu ch c 2 tr 0
hoc 1.
i vi PLC Siemens :
Mc 0: tng ng vi 0V hoc h mch
Mc 1: Tng ng vi 24V
Vd: Cc tn hiu t nt nhn, t cc cng tc hnh trnh.. u l nhng tn
hiu s
b, n hiu tng t: L tn hiu lin tc, t 0-10V hay t 4-20mA.
Vd: Tn hiu c t Loadcell,t cm bin lu lng
c, n hiu khc: Bao gm cc tn hiu giao tip vi my tnh, vi cc thit b ngoi
vi khc bng cc giao thc khc nhau nh giao thc RS232,RS485,Modbus.


69


Hnh 4.1 Cu trc chung ca PLC S7-300
(1: Ngun; 2:Khe cm; 3: Ngun ra 24V; 4: cng tc; 5: n bo; 6: khe cm th
nh; 7: cng truyn thong MPI-Profibus DP; 8: gic cm SM; 9: s u dy)
IV.1.2 Cu trc phn cng
PLC S7-300 bao gm cc module sau:
- Modul CPU: Modul CPU l loi Modul cha vi x l, h iu hnh, b nh,
cc b thi gian, b m,cng truyn thng (RS485). V c th cn c mt
vi cng vo ra s.Cc cng vo ra s trn CPU c gi l cng vo ra
Onboard. Trong h PLC S7_300 c nhiu loi CPU khc nhau: CPU 312,CPU
314, CPU 315. Nhng Modul cng s dng mt loi b vi x l, nhng khc
nhau v cng vo ra onboard cng nh cc khi hm c bit tch hp sn trong
th vin ca h iu hnh phc v vic s dng cc cng vo ra onboard ny
s c phn bit vi nhau tong tn gi bng tn cm ch ci IFM (vit tt ca
Intergrated Function Module).V d Module CPU 312IFM, Modul314 IFM.
Ngoi ra cn c cc loi module hai cng truyn thng, trong cng truyn
thng th 2 c chc nng chnh l phc v vic ni mng phn tn. Cc loi
module CPU c phn bit vi nhng loi CPU khc bng thm cm t DP
(Distrubited port) trong tn gi. V d module CPU 315-DP
- Cc Modul m rng thng c chia thnh 5 loi chnh: PS (Power Supply):;
SM ( Signal Module) gm: DI, DO, DI/O, AI. AO, AI/O; IM (Interface
Module); FM (Function Module); CP (Communication Module). Lu : Trn
mi mt Rack ch c th g c nhiu nht 8 module m rng (khng k


70

module CPU, module ngun nui). Mt module CPU c th lm vic trc tip
vi nhiu nht 4 Rack, cc Rack ny phi c ni vi nhau bng Module IM.

Hnh 4.2 u ni PLC S7-300
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
PS CPU IM SM SM SM SM SM CP FM FM


i vi module SM, cc loi tn hiu thng x l l tn hiu s v tn hiu tng
t. Ty tng loi module s dng v cch ci t trong cu hnh phn cng m module
c th lm vic vi nhiu loi tn hiu khc nhau.
Mt trm PLC c hiu l mt module CPU ghp ni cng vi cc module m rng
khc (module DI, DO, AI, AO, CP, FM) trn nhng thanh rack (gi ), trong vic
truy nhp ca CPU vo cc module m rng c thc hin thng qua a ch ca
chng. Mt module CPU c kh nng qun l c 4 thanh rack vi ti a 8 module
m rrng trn mi thanh. Tu vo v tr lp t ca module m rng trn nhng thanh
rack m cc module c nhng a ch khc nhau.
PLC S7-300 c nhiu chng loi CPU, c th gii thiu mt s chng loi sau:
CPU 312: B nh lm vic 16KB, chu k lnh 0.1us
CPU 312C: B nh lm vic 16KB, chu k lnh 0.1us, tch hp sn 10DI/6DO,2
Xung tc cao 2.5KHz,2 knh c xung tc cao 10Khz.


71

CPU 312IFM: B nh lm vic 6KB,chu k lnh 0.6us,tch hp sn 10DI/6DO
CPU 313: B nh lm vic 12KB,chu k lnh 0,6us
CPU 313C: B nh lm vic 32KB, chu k lnh 0,1us, tch hp sn 24DI, 16DO,
5AI, 2AO, 3 Knh xut xung tc cao (2.5Khz), 3 knh c xung tc cao
(30Khz)
CPU 313C-2DP: B nh lm vic 32KB, chu k lnh 0.1us, tch hp sn
24DI,16DO,5AI, 2AO, 3 Knh xut xung tc cao (2.5Khz), 3 knh c xung tc
cao (30Khz),c 2 cng giao tip.
CPU 313C-2PtP : B nh lm vic 32KB,chu k lnh 0.1us, tch hp sn
24DI,16DO,5AI, 2AO, 3 Knh xut xung tc cao (2.5Khz), 3 knh c xung tc
cao (30Khz),c 2 cng giao tip MPI+ PtP connector (RS-422/485 (ASCII,. .)
CPU 314: B nh lm vic 24KB, chu k lnh 0.3us
CPU 314IFM : B nh lm vic 24KB, chu k lnh 0.3us, tch hp sn 20DI/16DO,
4AI/ 1AO
CPU 314C-2DP:B nh lm vic 48KB,chu k lnh 0.1us,tch hp sn 24DI/
16DO, 5AI/ 2AO, 4 knh xut xung tc cao,4 knh c xung tc cao.2 cng
giao tip.
CPU 314C-2PtP:B nh lm vic 48KB,chu k lnh 0.1us,tch hp sn 24DI/
16DO, 5AI/ 2AO, 4 knh xut xung tc cao,4 knh c xung tc cao.2 cng
giao tip.
CPU 315 : B nh lm vic 48KB, chu k lnh 0.3us
CPU 315-2DP: B nh lm vic 48KB, chu k lnh 0.3us, MPI + DP
CPU 315F-2DP : B nh lm vic 128KB,chu k lnh 0.3us, 2 cng giao tip.
CPU 316 : B nh lm vic 128KB, chu k lnh 0.3us
CPU 316-2DP: B nh lm vic 128KB,chu k lnh 0.3us, 2 cng MPI + DP
CPU 317-2: B nh lm vic 512KB, chu k lnh 0.3us,2 cng giao tip MPI + DP
CPU 317F-2: B nh lm vic 512KB,chu k lnh 0.3us, 2 cng giao tip MPI +
DP ( DP master hoc Slave)
CPU 318-2: B nh lm vic 256KB, chu k lnh 0.3us, 2 cng giao tip MPI + DP
( DP Master hoc Slave).
CPU 614: B nh lm vic 192KB,chu k lnh 0.3us, tch hp sn 512DI/DO


72

CPU M7: RS232,MPI 64KB SRAM
IV.1.3 Kiu d liu v phn chia b nh trong S7-300
a, Cc kiu d liu s dng
- Kiu Bool: True hoc False (0 hoc 1)
- Kiu Byte: gm 8 bit
- Kiu Word: 16 bit
- Kiu Int: s nguyn 16 bit
- Kiu Dint: s nguyn 32 bit
- Kiu Real: s thc
- Kiu S5T: kiu d liu Timer
- Kiu Char: kiu d liu k t
- Kiu Date: kiu d liu ngy thng
- Kiu Tod: kiu d liu ngy thng
b, Phn chia b nh trong S7-300
B nh trong PLC S7-300 gm 3 vng nh chnh:
- Vng cha chng trnh ng dng : Vng cha chng trnh c chia thnh 3
min: OB ( Organisation block) : min cha chng trnh t chc; FC
(Function): Min cha chng trnh con, c t chc thnh hm v c bin
hnh thc trao i d liu; FB (Function block): Min cha chng trnh
con, c t chc thnh hmv c kh nng trao i d liu vi bt c 1 khi
chng trnh no khc. Cc d liu ny phi c xy dng thnh mt khi d
liu ring ( Data Block khi DB)
- Vng cha tham s ca h iu hnh: Chia thnh 7 min khc nhau:
I (Process image input): Min d liu cc cng vo s,trc khi bt u thc
hin chng trnh, PLC s c gi tr logic ca tt c cc cng u vo v ct gi
chng trong vng nh I. Thng thng chng trnh ng dng khng c trc tip
trng thi logic ca cng vo s m ch ly d liu ca cng vo t b m I.
Q (Process Image Output): Min b m cc d liu cng ra s. Kt thc giai
on thc hin chng trnh,PLC s chuyn gi tr logic ca b m Q ti cc cng ra
s. Thng thng chng trnh khng trc tip gn gi tr ti tn cng ra m ch
chuyn chng ti b m Q.


73

M (Min cc bin c): Chng trnh ng dng s dng nhng bin ny lu
gi cc tham s cn thit v c th truy nhp n theo Bit (M), byte (MB), t (MW) hay
t kp (MD).
T (Timer): Min nh phc v b thi gian (Timer) bao gm vic lu tr gi tr
thi gian t trc ( PV-Preset Value ), gi tr m thi gian tc thi (CV Current
Value) cng nh gi tr Logic u ra ca b thi gian.
C (Counter): Min nh phc v b m bao gm vic lu tr gi tr t trc (
PV- Preset Value), gi tr m tc thi (CV _ Current Value) v gi tr logic u ra
ca b m.
PI: Min a ch cng vo ca cc Modul tng t (I/O External input). Cc gi
tr tng t ti cng vo ca modul tng t s c module c v chuyn t ng
theo nhng a ch cu hnh trong phn cng. Chng trnh ng dng c th truy cp
min nh PI theo tng Byte ( PIB), tng t PIW hoc tng t kp PID.
PQ: Min a ch cng ra cho cc module tng t (I/O External Output). Cc
gi tr theo nhng a ch ny s c module tng t chuyn ti cc cng ra tng
t. Chng trnh ng dng c th truy nhp min nh PQ theo tng Byte (PQB),tng
t (PQW) hoc theo tng t kp (PQD)
- Vng cha cc khi d liu: c chia lm 2 loi:
DB (Data Block):Min cha d liu c t chc thnh khi. Kch thc cng
nh s lng khi do ngi s dng quy nh, ph hp vi tng bi ton iu
khin.Chng trnh c th truy nhp min ny theo tng bit (DBX), byte (DBB), t
(DBW) hoc t kp (DBD).
L (Local data block): Min d liu a phng c cc khi chng trnh OB,
FC, FB t chc v s dng cho cc bin nhp tc thi v trao i d liu ca bin hnh
thc vi nhng khi chng trnh gi n. Ni dung ca mt khi d liu trong min
nh ny s b xo khi kt thc chng trnh tng ng trong OB, FC, FB. Min ny c
th c truy nhp t chng trnh theo bit (L), byte(LB) t (LW) hoc t kp (LD).
Tn gi Kch thc
truy nhp
Kch thc ti a
(ph thuc CPU)
ngha
Process-
image
I
IB
0.0127.7
0127
u mi vng qut, h iu
hnh s ghi vo phn nh ny


74

Tn gi Kch thc
truy nhp
Kch thc ti a
(ph thuc CPU)
ngha
Input (I)
B m vo
s.
IW
ID
0126
0124
cc gi tr c ly t cng vo
s (digitale inputs) vt l ca
module m rng.
Process-
image
Output (Q)
B m ra s.
Q
QB
QW
QD
0.0127.7
0127
0126
0124
Cui mi vng qut, h iu
hnh s c ni dung ca min
nh ny v chuyn ra cng ra
s (digitale outputs) ca cc
module m rng.
Bit memory
(M)
Vng nh c.
M
MB
MW
MD
0.0255.7
0255
0254
0252
c s dng nh mt bin c
cho chng trnh ng dng.
Timer (T)
T0T255
Min nh lu gi cc gi tr
PV, CV, T-bit ca Timer.
c truy nhp v sa i bi
h iu hnh v chng trnh
ng dng.
Counter (C)
C0C255
Min nh lu gi cc gi tr
PV, CV, C-bit ca Counter.
c truy nhp sa i bi
h iu hnh v chng trnh
ng dng.
Data block
(DB)
Khi d liu
share.
DBX
DBB
DBW
DBD
0.065535.7
065535
065534
065532
c m bng lnh OPN
DB
Data block
(DI)
DIX
DIB
0.065535.7
065535
L khi DB nhng c m
bng lnh OPN DI


75

Tn gi Kch thc
truy nhp
Kch thc ti a
(ph thuc CPU)
ngha
Khi d liu
Instance.
DIW
DID
065534
065532
Local block
(L)
Min nh a
phng cho
cc tham s
hnh thc.
L
LB
LW
LD
0.065535.7
065535
065534
065532
Min nh c cp pht cho
cc khi OB, FC, FB mi khi
khi ny c gi thc
hin. Min nh ny cng s
c gii phng khi thc hin
xong cc khi chng trnh .
Peripheral
input (PI)
PIB
PIW
PID
065535
065534
065532
Ch c a ch truy cp c.
Khng c phn b nh thc s.
Peripheral
output (PQ)
PQB
PQW
PQD
065535
065534
065532
Ch c a ch truy cp ghi.
Khng c phn b nh thc s.
Bng 4.1 Phn chia vng nh trong S7-300
c, Vng qut ca chng trnh
PLC thc hin chng trnh theo chu k lp. Mi vng lp c gi l vng qut
(Scan). Mi vng qut c bt u bng giai on chuyn d liu t cc cng vo s
ti vng b m o I, tip theo l giai on thc hin chng trnh. Trong tng vng
qut chng trnh thc hin t lnh u tin n lnh kt thc ca khi OB (Block
End). Sau giai on thc hin chng trnh l giai on chuyn cc ni dung ca b
m o Q ti cc cng ra s. Vng qut c kt thc bng giai on truyn thng ni
bv kim tra li. Ch rng b m I v Q khng lin quan ti cc cng vo ra tng
t nn cc lng truy nhp cng tng t c thc hin trc tip vi cng vt l ch
khng thng qua b m. Thi gian cn thit PLC thc hin 1 vng qut gi l thi
gian vng qut (Scan Time). Thi gian vng qut khng c nh, tc l khng phi
vng qut no cng c thc hin trong mt khong thi gian nh nhau. C vng
qut c thc hin lu, c vng qut c thc hin nhanh tu thuc vo s lnh
trong chng trnh c thc hin v khi d liu truyn thng trong vng qut .


76

Nh vy gia vic c d liu t i tng x l, tnh ton v vic gi tn hiu iu
khin n i tng c mt khong thi gian tr ng bng thi gian vng qut. Ni
cch khc, thi gian vng qut quyt nh tnh thi gian thc ca chng trnh iu
khin trong PLC. Thi gian vng qut cng ngn, tnh thi gian thc ca chng trnh
cng cao. Nu s dng cc khi chng trnh c bit c ch ngt, v d nh khi
OB40, OB80, chng trnh ca cc khi s c thc hin trong vng qut khi
xut hin tn hiu bo ngt cng chng loi. Cc khi chng trnh ny c th c
thc hin ti mi im trong vng qut ch khng b g p l phi trong giai on
thc hin chng trnh. Chng hn nu 1 tn hiu bo ngt xut hin khi PLC ang
giai on truyn thng v kim tra ni b, PLC s ngng cng vic truyn thng, kim
tra thc hin khi chng trnh tng ng vi tn hiu bo ngt . Vi hnh thc
x l tn hiu ngt nh vy, thi gian vng qut s cng ln khi cng c nhiu tn hiu
ngt xut hin trong vng qut. Do nng cao tnh thi gian thc cho chng
trnh iu khin, tuyt i khng nn vit chng trnh x l ngt qu di hoc qu lm
dng vic s dng ch ngt trong chng trnh iu khin. Ti thi im thc hin
lnh vo ra, thng thng lnh khng lm vic trc tip vi cng vo ra m ch thng
qua b m o ca cng trong vng nh tham s.Vic truyn thng gia b m o
vi ngoi vi trong cc giai on 1 v 3 do h iu hnh CPU qun l. 1 s modul
CPU, khi gp lnh vo ra ngay lp tc,h thng s cho dng mi cng vic khc, ngay
c chng trnh x l ngt, thc hin lnh trc tip vi cng vo ra.
d, Cu trc chng trnh
Chng trnh trong S7_300 c lu trong b nh ca PLC vng ginh ring cho
chng trnh v c th c lp vi 2 dng cu trc khc nhau.
- Lp trnh tuyn tnh: ton b chng trnh nm trong mt khi trong b nh.
Loi hnh cu trc tuyn tnh ny ph hp vi nhng bi ton t ng
nh,khng phc tp. Khi c chn phi l khi OB1, l khi m PLC lun
qut v thc hin cc lnh trong thng xuyn,t lnh u tin n lnh cui
cng v quay li lnh u tin.
- Lp trnh c cu trc: Chng trnh c chia thnh nhng phn nh v mi
phn thc thi nhng nhim v chuyn bit ring ca no,tng phn ny nm
trong nhng khi chng trnh khc nhau. Loi hnh cu trc ny ph hp vi


77

nhng bi ton iu khin nhiu nhim v v phc tp. PLC S7_300 c 4 loi
khi c bn sau:
Loi khi OB (Organization Block) : Khi t chc v qun l chng trnh iu
khin. C nhiu loi khi OB vi nhng chc nng khc nhau, chng c phn bit
vi nhau bng mt s nguyn i sau nhm k t OB.
V d: OB1, OB35, OB40, OB80,..
Loi khi FC (Program block): Khi chng trnh vi nhng chc nng ring
ging nh 1 chng trnh con hoc mt hm (chng trnh con c bin hnh thc).
Mt chng trnh ng dng c th c nhiu khi FC v cc khi FC ny c phn
bit vi nhau bng mt s nguyn sau nhm k t FC.
V d: FC1, FC2.
Loi khi FB (Function Block): L loi khi FC c bit c kh nng trao i 1
lng d liu ln vi cc khi chng trnh khc. Cc d liu ny phhi c t chc
thnh khi d liu ring c tn gi l Data block. Mt chng trnh ng dng c th c
nhiu khi FB v cc khi Fb ny c phn bit vi nhau bng mt s nguyn sau
nhm k t FB. Chng hn nh FB1,FB2
Loi khi DB (Data Block): Khi cha cc d liu cn thit thc hin chng
trnh. Cc tham s ca khi do ngi dng t t. Mt chng trnh ng dng c th
c nhiu khi DB v cc khi DB ny c phn bit vi nhau bng mt s nguyn
sau nhm k t DB
V d: DB1, DB2.
Chng trnh trong cc khi c lin kt vi nhau bng cc lng gi khi, chuyn
khi. Xem nhng phn chng trnh trong cc khi nh l cc chng trnh con th
S7_300 cho php gi chng trnh con lng nhau, tc l chng trnh con ny gi mt
chng trnh con khc v t mt chng trnh con c gi li gi ti mt chng
trnh con th 3 S cc lnh gi lng nhau ph thuc vo tng chng loi module
CPU m ta ang s dng. V d i vi module CPU 314 th s lnh gi lng nhau
nhiu nht c th cho php l 8. Nu s ln gi khi lng nhau m vt qu con s
gii hn cho php, PLC s t chuyn qua ch Stop v t c bo li.
Cc khi OB c bit khi s dng cn lu : Trong khi khi OB c thc hin
u n tng vng qut trong giai on thc hin chng trnh th cc khi OB khc


78

ch c thc hin khi xut hin tn hiu bo ngt tng ng, ni cch khc chng
trnh vit cho cc khi OB ny chnh l chng trnh x l tn hiu ngt (event). Chng
bao gm:
OB10 ( Time of Day Interrupt):Chng trnh trong khi s c thc hin khi gi
tr ca ng h thi gian thc nm trong mt khong thi gian c quy nh.OB10
c th gi mt ln, nhiu ln cch u nhau tng pht, tng gi,tng ngy .Vic quy
nh khong thi gian hay s ln gi OB10 c thc hin nh chng trnh h thng
SFC28 hoc trong bng tham s ca module CPU nh phn mm Step 7.
OB20 ( Time Day Interrupt): Chng trnh trong khi s c thc hin sau mt
khong thi gian tr t trc k t khi gi chng trnh h thng SFC32 t thi
gian tr.
OB35 (Cyclic Interrupt): Chng trnh trong OB35 s c thc hin cch u
nhau 1 khong thi gian c nh.Mc nh khong thi gian ny s l 100ms,xong ta
c th thay i n trong bng tham s ca module CPU, nh phn mm Step7.
OB40 (Hardware Interrupt): Chng trnh trong OB s c thc hin khi xut
hin 1 tn hiu bo ngt t ngoi vi a vo module CPU thng qua cc cng vo ra s
onboard c bit,hoc thng qua cc module SM,CP,FM
OB80 (Cycle Time Fault): Chng trnh trong khi OB80 s c thc hin khi
thi gian vng qut(Scan time) vt qu khong thi gian cc i c quy nh
hoc khi c mt tn hiu ngt gi mt khi OB no m khi OB ny cha kt thc
ln gi trc.Mc nh thi gian Scan time cc i l 150ms, nhng c th thay i n
thng qua bng tham s ca module CPU nh phn mm Step 7.
OB81 (Power Supply fault): CPU s gi chng trnh trong khi OB81 khi pht
hin thy c li v ngun nui.
OB82( Diagnostic Interrupt):Chng trnh trong OB82 c gi khi CPU pht hin
s c t cc Modul vo ra
OB85( Not Load fault):Chng trnh trong OB82 c gi khi CPU pht hin thy
chng trnh ng dng c s dng ch ngt nhng chng trnh s l tn hiu ngt
li khng c trong khi OB tng ng.
OB87 ( Communication fault):Khi OB87 s c gi khi CPU pht hin thy li
trong truyn thng v d nh khng c tn hiu tr li t cc i tc.


79

OB100 ( Start Up Information):Khi OB100 s c thc hin 1 ln khi CPU
chuyn trng thi Stop sang Run.
OB121 ( Synchronous error):Khi OB121 s c gi khi CPU pht hin thy li
logic trong chng trnh nh i sai kiu d liu hoc li truy nhp khi DB, FC,FB
khng c trong b nh CPU.
OB122 ( Synchronous error):Khi OB122 s c gi khi CPU pht hin thy li
truy cp module trong chng trnh,v d chng trnh c lnh truy nhp module vo
ra m rng nhng li khng tm thy module ny.
Ngoi ra, cn mt s khi OB c bit khc, ty thuc vo chng loi CPU m n
c chc nng v phng php s dng khc nhau.
e, Cc vng nh v truy cp d liu
Trong S7_300 c cc vng nh sau:
I: Input, cc ng vo s.
Q:Output, cc ng ra s.
M: Internal Memory, vng nh ni.
DB: Data Block, d liu. S dng vng nh ny phi khai bo trong phn mm.
PIW: Analog Input, ng vo analog.
PQW: Analog Output, ng ra analog.
T: Timer.
C: Counter.
nh dng d liu:
- Kiu Bool: VD: Q0.0, I0.0, DB1.DBX2.3
- Kiu Byte: 1 Byte = 8 Bit. Suy ra, gi tr 1 Byte trong khong: 0 -(2
8
-1) hay 0-
255. VD: QB0, MB3, VB10, SMB2
- Kiu Word: 1 Word = 2 Byte = 16 Bit.
- Kiu DWord: 1 DWord = 2 Word = 4 Byte = 32 Bit.
- Kiu Int: S nguyn 16 bit
- Kiu DInt: S nguyn 32 bit
- Kiu Real: S thc 32 bit



80

IV.2 Tp lnh trong S7-300
IV.2.1 Thanh ghi trng thi
Khi thc hin lnh, CPU s ghi nhn li trng thi ca php tnh trung gian cng
nh ca kt qu vo mt thanh ghi c bit 16 Bits, c gi l thanh ghi trng thi
(Status Word). Mc d thanh ghi trng thi ny c di 16 Bits nhng ch s dng 9
Bits vi cu trc nh sau:
BR CC1 CC0 OV OS OR STA RLO FC
Bit logic thng lm vic vi RLO
Word logic lm vic vi thanh ghi ACCU
ngha ca cc bit trng thi:
- FC ( First check) : Khi phi thc hin mt dy cc lnh logic lin tip nhau gm
cc php tnh giao, hp v nghch o, bit FC c gi tr bng 1, hay ni cch
khc, FC=0 khi dy lnh Logic tip im va c kt thc.
- RLO (Result of logic operation): Kt qu tc thi ca php tnh logicva c
thc hin
- STA (Status bit): Bit trng thi ny lun c gi tr logic ca tip im c ch
nh trong lnh.
- OR :Ghi li gi tr ca php tnh logic giao cui cng c thc hin ph
gip cho vic thc hin php ton hp sau . iu ny l cn thit v trong mt
biu thc hm 2 tr ,php tnh giao bao gi cng phi c thc hin trc cc
php tnh hp.
- OS (Stored overflow bit): Ghi li gi tr Bit b trn ra ngoi mng nh.
- OV(Overflow Bit): Bit bo co kt qu php tnh b trn ra ngoi mng nh.
- CC0 v CC1 ( Condition code) : Hai bit bo trng thi ca kt qu php tnh vi
s nguyn,s thc php dch chuyn hoc php tnh logic trong ACCU
- BR (Binary result bit) : Bit trng thi cho php lin kt hai loi ngn ng lp
trnh STL v LAD .Chng hn cho php ngi s dng c th vit mt khi
chng trnh FB hoc FC trn ngn ng STL nhng gi v s dng chng trong
mt chng trnh khc vit trn LAD. to ra c mi lin kt ,ta cn
phi kt thc chng trnh trong FB, FC bng lnh ghi: BR = 1 nu chng
trnh chy khng c li; BR = 0 nu chng trnh chy c li Khi s dng cc


81

khi hm c bit ca h thng (SFC hoc SFB), trng thi lm vic ca
chng trnh cng c thng bo ra ngoi qua bit trng thi BR nh sau:
BR=1 nu SFC hay SFB thc hin khng c li; BR=0 nu c li khi thc hin
SFC hay SFB
IV.2.2 Cc lnh v bit
V c bn, c php h lnh trong S7-300 kh ging so vi S7-200 v mt s cu
lnh. Tuy nhin vn c mt s khc bit trong cch s dng, ng thi s lng cu
lnh trong S7-300 nhiu hn c v s lng v chc nng.
Trong mc ny, s trnh by ch yu bng ngn ng STL v trong lp trnh, ngn
ng STL c linh hot v mm do hn ngn ng LAD v FBD. Tuy nhin s c
gng trnh by kt hp song song gia hai loi ngn ng c s dng ch yu l
LAD v STL c gi so snh v c php h lnh.
a. Nhm lnh logic tip im
- Lnh AND (v)
C php A (ton hng)
- FC = 0 th n s gn ni dung ca ton hng vo RLO .Sau s dng FC = 1
- FC = 1 th RLO = RLO I0.0 v duy tr FC = 1
Khi vo u mt chng trnh th FC = 0 hoc ch cn to mt Network mi
RLO : Result of logic oplogic operation
- Lnh AN
C php AN (ton hng)
- FC = 0 s gn gi tr logic nghch o ca ton hng vo RLO
- FC = 1 n s thc hin php tnh .gia RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca ton hng
v ghi li kt qu vo RLO
- Lnh O
C php O (ton hng)
- FC = 0 th n s gn gi tr logic ca ton hng vo RLO
- FC = 1 n s thc hin php v gia RLO vi ton hng v ghi li kt qu vo
RLO
- Lnh ON
C php ON (ton hng)


82

- FC = 0 th n s gn gi tr logic ca ton hng vo RLO
- FC = 1 n s thc hin php v gia RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca ton hng v
ghi li kt qu vo RLO
- Lnh gn
C php = ( ton hng )
- Lnh thc hin php tnh . vi gi tr 1 biu thc(Lnh ny khng c ton hng)
C php A(
- FC = 0 lnh s gn gi tr logic ca biu thc trong du ngoc sau n vo RLO
- FC = 1 lnh s thc hin php tnh v .gia RLO vi gi tr logic ca biu thc
trong du ngoc sau n v ghi li kt qu vo RLO
- Lnh thc hin php tnh . vi gi tr nghch o ca 1 biu thc (Lnh ny
khng c ton hng)
C php AN(
- FC = 0 lnh s gn gi tr logic ca biu thc trong du ngoc sau n vo RLO
- FC = 1 lnh s thc hin php tnh v . gia RLO vi gi tr nghch o logic ca
biu thc trong du ngoc sau n v ghi li kt qu vo RLO
- Lnh thc hin php tnhv vi gi tr 1 biu thc(Lnh ny khng c ton hng)
C php O(
- FC = 0 lnh s gn gi tr logic ca biu thc trong du ngoc sau n vo RLO
- FC = 1 lnh s thc hin php tnh v gia RLO vi gi tr logic ca biu thc
trong du ngoc sau n v ghi li kt qu vo RLO
- Lnh thc hin php tnhv vi gi tr nghch o ca 1 biu thc
(Lnh ny khng c ton hng)
C php ON(
- FC = 0 lnh s gn gi tr logic nghch o ca biu thc trong du ngoc sau n
vo RLO
- FC = 1 lnh s thc hin php tnh v gia RLO vi gi tr nghch o ca biu
thc trong du ngoc sau n v ghi li kt qu vo RLO
- Lnh thc hin php tnh exclusive or
C php X (ton hng)
- FC = 0 lnh ghi gi tr logic ca ton hng vo RLO


83

- FC = 1 lnh s kim tra xem ni dung ca RLO v gi tr logic ca ton hng c
khc nhau khng nu khc th ghi 1 vo RLO nu khng khc th ghi 0 vo RLO
- Lnh thc hin php tnh exclusive or not
C php XN (ton hng)
- FC = 0 lnh s ghi gi tr nghch o ca ton hng vo RLO
- FC = 1 lnh s kim tra xem ni dung ca RLO v gi tr logic ca ton hng c
ging nhau khng nu ging th ghi 1 vo RLO nu khng ging th ghi 0 vo RLO
- Lnh thc hin php tnh exclusive or vi gi tr ca mt biu thc (Lnh ny
khng c ton hng)
C php X(
- FC = 0 lnh s ghi gi tr logic ca biu thc trong du ngoc sau n vo RLO
- FC = 1 lnh o ni dung RLO khi biu thc trong du ngoc sau n c gi tr 1
- Lnh thc hin php tnh exclusive or vi gi tr ca mt biu thc (Lnh ny
khng c ton hng)
C php XN(
- FC = 0 lnh s ghi gi tr logic nghch o ca biu thc trong du ngoc sau n
vo RLO
- FC = 1 lnh s o ni dung ca RLO khi biu thc trong du ngoc sau n c gi
tr 0
- Lnh ghi gi tr logic 1 vo RLO (Lnh ny khng c ton hng)
C php SET
- Lnh ghi gi tr logic 0 vo RLO(Lnh ny khng c ton hng)
C php CLR
- Lnh o gi tr ca RLO(Lnh ny khng c ton hng)
C php NOT
- Lnh gn c iu kin gi tr logic 1 vo nh
C php S (ton hng )
Nu RLO = 1 ,lnh s ghi gi tr 1 vo nh c a ch cho trong ton hng
- Lnh gn c iu kin gi tr logic 0 vo nh
C php R (ton hng )
Nu RLO = 1 ,lnh s ghi gi tr 0 vo nh c a ch cho trong ton hng


84

- Lnh pht hin sn ln
c php FP (ton hng)
Lnh c s dng nh mt bin c ghi nhn li gi tr ca RLO ti v tr ny
trong chng trnh ca vng qut trc .Ti mi vng qut lnh kim tra c c gi tr
1 th s ghi 1 vo RLO .Trong trng hp khc th ghi 0 ng thi chuyn ni dung
RLO vo li c bin.
Vy RLO c gi tr 1 trong 1 vng qut khi c sn ln trong RLO
- Lnh pht hin sn xung
c php FN (ton hng)
Lnh c s dng nh mt c bin ghi nhn li gi tr ca RLO ti v tr ny
trong chng trnh nhng ca vng qut trc. Ti mi vng qut lnh s kim tra
nu bin c c gi tr 1 th s ghi 1 vo RLO. Trng hp khc th ghi 0 ng thi
chuyn ni dung RLO vo li c bin .Vy RLO c gi tr 1 trong 1 vng qut khi c
sn xung trong RLO.
b. Cc lnh c ton hng
- Lnh c vo ACCU
C php L (ton hng)
Ni dung c ca ACCU
1
c chuyn vo ACCU
2
.Nu gi tr chuyn vo c kch
thc < t kp th c ghi theo th t t byte thp n byte cao ca t thp . Nu gi
tr chuyn vo c kch thc = t kp th ta chuyn v Byte
- Lnh chuyn ni dung ca ACCU ti nh
C php T (ton hng )
Lnh khng thay i ni dung ACCU
2

c. Lnh khng c ton hng
- Lnh c ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi vo ACCU
1

C php L STW
- Lnh ghi ni dung ca ACCU
1
vo thanh ghi trng thi
C php T STW
Lnh chuyn 9 bit ca t thp ca ACCU
1
vo thanh ghi trng thi
- Lnh chuyn ni dung ca ACCU
2
vo ACCU
1

C php POP


85

Lnh khng lm thay i ni dung ca ACCU
2

- Lnh chuyn ni dung ca ACCU
1
vo ACCU
2

C php PUSH
Lnh khng lm thay i ni dung ca ACCU
1

- Lnh o ni dung ca hai thanh ghi ACCU
1
v ACCU
2

C php TAK
Lnh khng lm thay i ni dung ca thanh ghi trng thi
- Lnh o ni dung ca hai byte ca t thp trong ACCU
1

C php CAW
- Lnh o ni dung cc byte trong ACCU
1

C php CAD
- Lnh o gi tr cc bit trong t thp ca ACCU
1

C php INVI
Ni dung ca ACCU
2
khng b thay i
- Lnh o gi tr cc bit ca ACCU
1

C php INVD
Ni dung ca ACCU
2
khng b thay i
d. Lnh logic thc hin trn thanh ghi ACCU
- Lnh thc hin php tnh .gia cc bit trong t thp ca ACCU
1
, ACCU
2

C php AW [<d liu hng >]
- Nu lnh khng c ton hng.Kt qu php tnh c ghi li vo ACCU
1
- Nu lnh c ton hng th ton hng phi l mt d liu hng c kch thc 16bit .
Kt qu php tnh c ghi li vo ACCU
1
.
- Lnh thc hin php tnh .gia cc bit ca hai thanh ghi ACCU
1
, ACCU
2

C php AD [<d liu hng >]
- Nu lnh khng c ton hng Kt qu php tnh c ghi li vo ACCU
1
.
- Nu lnh c ton hng th ton hng phi l mt d liu hng c kch thc 32bit.
Kt qu php tnh c ghi li vo ACCU
1
.
- Lnh thc hin php tnhv gia cc bit trong t thp ca ACCU
1
, ACCU
2

C php OW [<d liu hng >]
- Nu lnh khng c ton hng .Kt qu c ghi li vo ACCU
1
.


86

- Nu lnh c ton hng th ton hng phi l mt d liu hng c kch thc 16bit .
Kt qu php tnh c ghi li vo ACCU
1
.
- Lnh thc hin php tnhv gia cc bit ca hai thanh ghi ACCU
1
, ACCU
2

C php OD [<d liu hng >]
- Nu lnh khng c ton hng.Kt qu php tnh c ghi li vo ACCU
1
.
- Nu lnh c ton hng th ton hng phi l mt d liu hng c kch thc 32bit.
Kt qu c ghi li vo ACCU
1
.
- Lnh thc hin php tnh exclusive or 16bit
C php XOW [<d liu hng >]
- Nu lnh khng c ton hng :m hai bit khng cng gi tr th kt qu s l 1 .
Ton b bit kt qu c ghi li vo ACCU
1
.
- Nu lnh c ton hng th ton hng phi l mt d liu hng c kch thc 32bit
. Nu hai bit khng cng gi tr th kt qu s l 1.Ton b 16 bit kt qu c ghi li
vo ACCU
1
.
- Lnh thc hin php tnh exclusive or 32bit
C php XOD [<d liu hng >]
- Nu lnh khng c ton hng :m hai bit khng cng gi tr th bit kt qu s l 1.
Ton b 32bit kt qu c ghi li vo ACCU
1

- Nu lnh c ton hng th ton hng phi l mt d liu hng c kch thc 32bit
.Nu hai bit khng cng gi tr th kt qu s l 1. Ton b 32bit kt qu c ghi li
vo ACCU
1
.
e. Lnh tng gim ni dung ca thang ghi ACCU
- Lnh tng ni dung ca thanh ghi ACCU
1

C php INC (ton hng )
Ton hng l s nguyn 8 bit. Lnh thc hin php cng gia byte thp ca t thp
trong ACCU
1
vi ton hng .Kt qu c ghi li vo t thp ca ACCU
1
.
- Lnh gim ni dung ca thanh ghi ACCU
1

C php DEC (ton hng )
Ton hng l s nguyn 8 bit .Lnh thc hin php tr ca t thp trong ACCU
1

cho ton hng. Kt qu c ghi li vo byte thp ca t thp trong ACCU
1
IV.2.3 Nhm lnh so snh


87

Thuc nhm lnh khng ton hng l cc lnh thc hin khng iu kin. C ch
thc hin :lnh so snh c thc hin trong hai thanh ghi ACCU
1
v ACCU
2
kt

qu
ca php so snh c ghi trong bit RLO ca t trng thi STW
ACCU
2
Ton t so snh
= = < > ,> ,<, >=, <=
ACCU
1

Nu RLO = 1 php so snh ng. RLO = 0 php so snh sai
Cc ton hng trong ACCU
1
v ACCU
2
phi c cng kiu biu din
C php h lnh so snh trong ngn ng STL:
- Lnh so snh bng nhau
C php S nguyn INT S nguyn DINT S thc R
= = I D R
- Lnh so snh khng bng nhau
C php S nguyn INT S nguyn DINT S thc R
< > I D R
- Lnh so snh ln hn
C php S nguyn INT S nguyn DINT S thc R
> I D R
- Lnh so snh nh hn
C php S nguyn INT S nguyn DINT S thc R
< I D R
- Lnh so snh ln hn hoc bng
C php S nguyn INT S nguyn DINT S thc R
>= I D R
- Lnh so snh nh hn hoc bng
C php S nguyn INT S nguyn DINT S thc R
=< I D R
Hai bit trng thi CC1v CC0
CC1 CC0 ngha
0 0 ACCU
1
=ACCU
2
0 1 ACCU
2
>ACCU
1



88

1 0 ACCU
2
<ACCU
1


C php h lnh so snh trong ngn ng LAD:

Tn lnh STL LAD Tn lnh STL LAD
==

<

<>

>=

>

<=


Lu : i vi cc kiu d liu khc nhau, mun so snh th phi chn ng kiu d
liu so snh, khng c chn khc kiu v chng trnh s bo li hoc thc hin
khng chnh xc vi bi ton t ra.
IV.2.4 Lnh chuyn i kiu d liu
C php h lnh s dng trong ngn ng STL:
- Lnh chuyn i BCD thnh s nguyn
s nguyn 16 bit s nguyn 32 bit
C php BTI BTD
Lnh khng c ton hng.Kt qu c ct vo ACCU
1
.Ni dung ca ACCU
2

khng b thay i .Thanh ghi trng thi khng b thay i ni dung
- Lnh chuyn i s nguyn thnh BCD
s nguyn 16 bit s nguyn 32 bit
C php IBT DBT


89

Lnh khng c ton hng ch s. Kt qu c ct vo ACCU
1
Ni dung ca
ACCU
2
khng b thay i .
- Lnh chuyn i s nguyn 16 bit thnh s nguyn 32 bit
C php ITD
Lnh khng c ton hng.Kt qu c ct vo ACCU
1
.Ni dung ca ACCU
2

khng b thay i .Thanh ghi trng thi khng b thay i ni dung
- Lnh chuyn i s nguyn 32 bit thnh s thc
C php DTR
Lnh khng c ton hng. Kt qu c ct vo ACCU
1
.Ni dung ca ACCU
2

khng b thay i .Thanh ghi trng thi khng b thay i ni dung
- Lnh chuyn i s thc thnh s nguyn
Cc lnh ny chuyn kiu biu din ca mt s thc du phy ng trong ACCU
1

thnh mt s nguyn biu din kiu t kp
gn nht nh nht ln nht
C php RND RND+ RND -


RND:Lnh chuyn i s thc thnh s nguyn gn nht.Nu s thc cho nm
gia hai s nguyn th ly s chn
RND+ : Lnh chuyn i s thc thnh s nguyn nhng khng nh hn s thc
cho
RND -

: Lnh chuyn i s thc thnh s nguyn nhng khng ln hn s thc
cho. Kt qu ca php tnh c ct vo ACCU
1
. Ni dung ca ACCU
2
khng b
thay i
- Lnh ly phn nguyn
C php TRUNC
Lnh khng c ton hng v thc hin vic ly phn nguyn ca s thc du phy
ng trong ACCU
1
Kt qu c ct vo ACCU
1
Ni dung ca ACCU
2
khng b thay
i.
C php h lnh s dng trong ngn ng LAD:
Tn lnh STL LAD Tn lnh STL LAD


90

BTI

DIR

IBT

ITD

TRUNC

DTR


IV.2.5 Cc lnh iu khin chng trnh
a. Lnh kt thc chng trnh
- Lnh kt thc chng trnh v iu kin
C php BEU
Lnh khng c ton hng
- Lnh kt thc chng trnh c iu kin
C php BEC
Lnh khng c ton hng v thc hin vic kt thc chng trnh khi RLO c gi tr 1
b. Lnh r nhnh theo bit trng thi
- R nhnh khi BR =1
C php JBI <nhn>
- R nhnh khi BR =0
C php JNBI <nhn>
- R nhnh khi RLO = 1
C php JC <nhn>
- R nhnh khi RLO = 0
C php JCN <nhn>
- R nhnh khi CC1 = 0 v CC0 =1
C php JM <nhn>
c s dng r nhnh nu php tnh trc n c kt qu m
- R nhnh khi CC1 = 1 v CC0 =0


91

C php JP <nhn>
c s dng r nhnh nu php tnh trc n c kt qu dng
- R nhnh khi CC1 = CC0 =0
C php JZ <nhn>
c s dng r nhnh nu php tnh trc n c kt qu l 0
- R nhnh khi CC1 = CC0
C php JN<nhn>
c s dng r nhnh nu php tnh trc n c kt qu khc 0
- R nhnh khi CC1 = CC0 =0 hoc CC1 = 0 v CC0 =1
C php JMZ <nhn>
c s dng r nhnh nu php tnh trc n c kt qu l mt s khng dng
- R nhnh khi CC1 = CC0 =0 hoc CC1 = 1 v CC0 =0
C php JPZ <nhn>
c s dng r nhnh nu php tnh trc n c kt qu l mt s khng m
- R nhnh v iu kin
C php JU <nhn>
- Lnh r nhnh theo danh mc
C php JL <nhn>
Lnh r nhnh tu theo ni dung ca ACCU
1
, s nhnh r nhiu nht l 255
c. Lnh oay vng (LOOP)
c php LOOP <nhn>
Khi gp lnh ny CPU s t gim ni dung ca t thp trong thanh ghi ACCU
1
i 1
n v kim tra xem n c bng 0hay khng, nu khc 0

th CPU s nhy n
chng trnh c nh du bi nhn.


92

IV.3 B nh thi Timer
IV.3.1 nh ngha
B thi gian Timer l b to thi gian tr T mong mun gia tn hiu logic ng vo v tn
hiu logic ng ra. S7 300 c 5 loi timer khc nhau. Tt c 5 loi Timer ny cng bt u to thi
gian tr tn hiu k t thi im kch ca tn hiu u vo, tc l khi tn hiu u vo chuyn trng
thi, c gi l thi im timer c kch. Thi gian tr T mong mun c khai bo vi timer
bng mt word 16 bit bao gm 2 thnh phn:
- phn gii: timer ca S7 300 c 4 ch phn gii: 10ms, 100ms, 1s v 10s.
- Mt s nguyn BCD trong khong 0 999 c gi l PV (gi tr t trc)
Thi gian tr mong mun = PV * phn gii
phn gii ca Timer S7-300 nh ngha nh sau:
15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Thanh ghi 16bit dng cho vic t thi gian tr cho Timer.
Trong : bit 14 v 15 khng s dng
bit 13 v 12 m t phn gii: 13 12 phn gii
0 0 10 ms
0 1 100 ms
1 0 1 s
1 1 10 s
t bit 11 tr xung c m t dng m BCD, do , gi tr t ca Timer nm
trong khong t 0-999.
Ngay ti thi im kch timer, gi tr PV c chuyn vo thanh ghi 16 bit ca T_word (gi
l thanh ghi CV, vit tt current value, gi tr tc thi). Timer s ghi nh khong thi gian tri qua
k t khi c kch bng cch gim dn mt cch tng ng ni dung thanh ghi CV. Nu ni
dung thanh ghi tr v bng 0 th timer t c thi gian tr mong mun T v iu ny s
c bo ra ngoi bng cch i trng thi tn hiu ng ra.
Mt timer c t tn l Tx, trong x l s hiu ca timer (0 x 127). K hiu Tx cng
ng thi l a ch hnh thc ca thanh ghi CV (T- word) v ca u ra T-bit ca timer . Tuy
chng c cng a ch hnh thc, song T-word v T-bit vn c phn bit vi nhau nh kiu lnh
s dng vi ton hng Tx .Khi dng lnh lm vic vi t, Tx c hiu l a ch ca Tword,
ngc li khi s dng lnh lm vic vi tip im Tx s c hiu l a ch ca T-bit. Mt timer


93

ang trong ch lm vic (sau khi c kch) c th c a v ch ch khi ng ban
u, tc l ch sn ln ca tn hiu u vo. Cng vic ny gi l reset timer. Tn hiu reset
timer c gi l tn hiu xo v khi tn hiu xo c gi tr bng 1 timer s khng lm vic. Ti
thi im xut hin sn ln ca tn hiu xo, T_word v T-bit c xo v 0, tc l thanh ghi
CV c t v 0 v tn hiu u ra c trng thi 0.
IV.3.2 Khai bo s dng
Vic khai bo s dng imer trong STL bao gm cc bc:
- Bc 1: Khai bo tn hiu enable nu mun s dng tn hiu ch ng kch.
- Bc 2: Khai bo tn hiu u vo
- Bc 3: Khai bo thi gian tr mong mun
- Bc 4: Khai bo loi Timer c s dng ( SD,SS,SP,SE,SF).
- Bc 5: Khai bo tn hiu xo Timer nu mun s dng ch reset ch ng.
Trong tt c 5 bc trn,cc bc 2,3,4 l bt buc.
- Khai bo tn hiu enable(ch ng kch)
C php A <a ch bit>
FR <tn timer>
- Khai bo thi gian tr mong mun
C php L <hng s >
Thi gian y c khai bo di dng hng s di 2 dng. Dng s v dng
thi gian. Dng thi gian trc tip: v d S5T#6M5S; Dng s: v d W#16#2111
- Khai bo loi Timer
Tr theo sn ln khng c nh
C php SD <tn Timer >
Tr theo sn ln c nh
C php SS <tn Timer >
Timer to xung khng c nh (Pulse timer)
C php SP <tn Timer >
Timer to xung c nh (Pulse timer)
C php SE <tn Timer >
Timer tr theo sn xung (off ondelay timer)
C php SF <tn Timer >


94

- Khai bo tn hiu xo (reset)
C php A <a ch bit>
R <tn timer>
- c ni dung thanh ghi T-WORD
+ c s m tc thi
C php L <tn timer>
+ c thi gian tr tc thi
C php LC <tn timer>
Khai bo trong LAD s c cc dng khc nhau i vi tng loi Timer.
STT STL LAD LAD
1 SD


2 SS


3 SP


4 SE


5 SF





95

V d v s dng Timer
LAD:


STL:


Tm tt cc gi tr v thi gian ca cc loi Timer:
STT Loi Timer p ng u ra
1 S_ODT

2 S_ODTS



96

STT Loi Timer p ng u ra
3 S_OFFDT

4 S_PULSE

5 S_PEXT





97

IV.4 B m Counter
IV.4.1 nh ngha
- Counter l b m thc hin chc nng m sn xung ca cc tn hiu u vo.
S7-300 c ti a 256 counter (tu loi CPU), k hiu Cx, trong x l s nguyn trong
khong t 0 n 255. Nhng b m ca S7-300 u c th ng thi m tin theo sn ln
ca mt tn hiu vo th nht, c k hiu l CU (count up) v m tin theo sn ln ca tn
hiu vo th hai, k hiu CD (count down).
Thng thng b m ch cc sn ln ca tn hiu CU v CD, song cng c th c m
rng m c mc tn hiu ca chng bng cch s dng thm tn hiu enable. Nu c tn hiu
enable, b m s m tin khi xut hin sn ln ca tn hiu enable ng thi ti thi im CU
c mc tn hiu 1. Tng t b m s m li khi c sn ln ca tn hiu enable v ti thi
im CD c mc tn hiu 1. S sn xung m c ghi vo thanh ghi 2 byte ca b m, gi l
thanh ghi C word. Ni dung ca C-Word c gi l gi tr m tc thi ca b m v k hiu
bng CV (current value). B m bo trng thi ca C-Word ra ngoi thng qua chn C-bit ca
n. Nu CV 0, C-Bit c gi tr 1. Ngc li khi CV = 0 C-bit nhn gi tr 0. CV lun l 1 gi tr
khng m. B m s khng m li khi CV = 0. Khc vi timer, gi tr t trc PV ca b
m ch c chuyn vo C-Word ti thi im xut hin sn ln ca tn hiu t (set S). B
m c th c xo ch ng bng tn hiu xa (reset). Khi b m c xa, c C-Word v
C-bit u nhn gi tr 0.
IV.4.2 Khai bo v s dng
Vic khai bo Counter gm 5 bc:
- Bc 1: Khai bo tn hiu enable nu mun s dng tn hiu ch ng kch m.
- Bc 2: Khai bo tn hiu u vo CU c m ln.
- Bc 3: Khai bo tn hiu u vo CD c m xung.
- Bc 4: Khai bo tn hiu t set v gi tr t trc PV.
- Bc 5: Khai bo tn hiu xa reset
Khai bo trong ngn ng STL:
- Khai bo tn hiu kch m
C php A <a ch bit>
FR <tn counter>
- Khai bo tn hiu m tin theo sn ln


98

C php A <a ch bit>
CU <tn counter >
- Khai bo tn hiu m li theo sn ln
C php A <a ch bit>
CD <tn counter >
- Khai bo tn hiu t trc
C php A <a ch bit>
L C# <hng s >
S <tn counter >
- Khai bo tn hiu xo (reset)
C php A <a ch bit>
R <tn counter >
- c ni dung thanh ghi T-WORD
c s m tc thi dng binary
C php L <tn counter >
c thi gian tr tc thi dng BCD
C php LC <tn counter >
Khai bo trong ngn ng LAD
STT STL LAD LAD
m tin CU


m li CD




99

STT STL LAD LAD
m tin li



V d v s dng b m:
LAD:


STL :





100

IV.5 Phng php lp trnh
IV.5.1 Lp trnh tuyn tnh
K thut lp trnh tuyn tnh l phng php lp trnh m ton b chng trnh ng
dng s ch nm trong mt khi OB1. K thut ny c u im l gn, rt ph hp vi
nhng bi ton iu khin n gin, t nhim v.
Do ton b khi chng trnh iu khin ch nm trong khi OB1 nn khi OB1 s
gn nh l c thng trc trong vng nh Word memory, tr trng hp khi h
thng phi x l cc tn hiu bo ngt. Ngoi khi OB1, trong vng Word memory cn
c min nh a phng (local block) cp pht cho OB1 v nhng khi DB c OB1
s dng. Hnh di m t quy trnh thc hin chng trnh iu khin tuyn tnh.









Hnh 4.3 S khi m t quy trnh iu khin tuyn tnh
Local block ca OB1
Khi thc hin khi OB1, h iu hnh ca lun cp ca mt Local block c kch
thc mc nh l 20 bytes trong Work memory OB1 c th ly nhng d liu t h
iu hnh. Nhng d liu ny gm:
Tn hnh thc Kiu Gi tr v ngha
OB1_EV_CLASS Byte Bits 0-3=1(Coming event). Bits 4-
7=1(Event class 1)
OB1_SCAN_1 Byte 1=vng qut u, 3=t vng qut th 2
OB1_PRIORITY Byte Mc u tin 1(Mc u tin th nht)
OB1_OB_NUMBR Byte 1=Ch s ca khi OB
OB1_RESERVED_1 Byte D tr (ca h iu hnh)
H
iu
hnh
Chuyn OB1 t Load
memory vo Word
memory v cp pht
local block cho n.
Xo OB1 v gii
phng local block
trong Word
memory.
Thc
hin
OB1
trong
Word
memory
System
memory
Share
DB
Instance
DB


101

OB1_RESERVED_2 Byte D tr (ca h iu hnh)
OB1_PREV_CYCLE Int Thi gian vng qut trc (miliseconds)
OB1_MIN_ CYCLE Int Thi gian vng qut ngn nht c
(miliseconds)
OB1_MAX_ CYCLE Int Thi gian vng qut ln nht c
(miliseconds)
OB1_DATE_TIME Date_And
_Time
Thi im OB1 bt u c thc hin
Mc d kch thc ch l 20 bytes mc nh nhng ngi s dng c th m rng
Local block s dng thm cc bin nh cho chng trnh (hnh di). Tuy nhin
phi rng do Local block c gii phng cui mi vng qut v c cp li
vng qut sau nn cc gi tr c trong Local block ca vng qut trc cng b mt khi
bt u vng qut mi. Do tt nht ch nn s dng Local block cho vic lu gi
bin nhp tm thi trong tnh ton ca mt vng qut.
IV.5.2 Lp trnh c cu trc
a, C s l thuyt
Lp trnh c cu trc (structure programming) l k thut ci t thut ton iu
khin bng cch chia nh thnh cc khi chng trnh con FC hay FB vi mi khi
thc hin mt nhim v c th ca bi ton iu khin chung v ton b cc khi
chng trnh ny li c qun l mt cch thng nht bi khi OB1. Trong OB1 c
cc lnh gi nhng khi chng trnh con theo th t ph hp vi bi ton iu khin
t ra .
Hon ton tng t, mt nhim v iu khin con c th cn c chia nh thnh
nhiu nhim v nh v c th hn na, do mt khi chng trnh con cng c th
c gi t mt khi chng trnh con khc. Duy c iu cm k ta cn phi trnh l
khng bao gi mt khi chng trnh con li gi n chnh n. Ngoi ra do c s hn
ch v ngn xp ca cc module CPU nn khng c t chc chng trnh con gi
lng nhau qu s ln m module CPU c s dng cho php.
n gin trong trnh by, khi mt khi chng trnh con ny gi mt khi
chng trnh con khc, ta s k hiu khi cha lnh gi l khi m v khi c gi l


102

khi con. Hnh di y m t quy trnh thc hin vic gi mt khi con FC10 t khi
m OB1.









Hnh 4.4 S khi m t lp trnh iu khin c cu trc
Gia khi m v khi con c s lin kt th hin qua vic trao i cc gi tr. Khi
gi khi con , khi m cn cho nhng s kin thng qua cc tham tr u vo khi
con thc hin nhim v. Sau khi thc hin xong nhim v, khi con phi tr li cho
khi m kt qu bng nhng tham tr u ra. H iu hnh ca CPU t chc vic
truyn tham tr thng qua local block ca tng khi con.
Nh vy, khi thc hin lnh gi khi con, h iu hnh s :
- Chuyn khi con c gi t vng Load memory vo vng Work memory.
- Cp pht cho khi con mt phn b nh trong Work memory lm local block.
Cu trc local block c qui nh khi son tho cc khi.
- Truyn cc tham tr t khi m cho bin hnh thc IN, IN-OUT ca local block.
- Sau khi khi con thc hin xong nhim v v ghi kt qu di dng tham tr u ra
cho bin OUT,IN-OUT ca local block , h iu hnh s chuyn cc tham tr ny
cho khi m v gii phng khi con cng local block ra khi vng Work memory
b, Khai bo Local Block
Local block ca khi con c cchia thnh hai phn:
- Phn cc bin hnh thc khi con nhn v truyn tham tr vi khi m. Bin
hnh thc trong local block ca FC c ba loi cho trong bng 4.1:
Loi bin hnh thc ngha
Chuyn FC10 vo
Work memory, cp
pht local block v
gn tham tr t OB1
FC10








BE
OB1

callFC10

Tr tham tr v OB1.
Xo FC10 v local
block trong Work
memory


103

IN Bin hnh thc nhn tham tr t khi m lm s kin cho
chng trnh trong khi con
OUT Bin hnh thc truyn tham tr t khi con v khi m
IN- OUT Bin hnh thc va c kh nng nhn va c kh nng
truyn tham tr gia khi con vi khi m.
Bng 4.1Cc loi bin hnh thc trong Local Block
- Phn cha cc bin tm thi c k hiu l TEMP (ch vit tt ca temporary)
cha cc gi tr tnh ton tc thi. Do local block s c gii phng khi kt thc
chng trnh, gi tr cc bin tm thi ny cng s b mt theo ngay sau khi chng
trnh trong khi con c thc hin xong.
Vic khai bo local block ng ngha vi vic t tn bin, nh ngha loi bin
(bin hnh thc hay bin tm thi) v kiu d liu (nguyn, thc,k t)cho tng
bin,trong tn bin l nhng dy k t hoc s v khng thuc nhm k t kho (
c dng bi h iu hnh).
Chng trnh truy nhp local block thng qua cc tn bin di dng ton hng ca
lnh theo cu trc:
#< tn bin >
V d:
L # receive // c ni dung ca nh c tn l receive trong local block vo ACCU1
T # transit // Chuyn ACCU1 ti nh c tn l transit trong local block
Ch : Mt iu cn phi c c bit ch l bt u t min cc bin tm thi
TEMP,a ch c nh li t u. Min bin hnh thc khng c cp nh m ch
c con tr a ch.Do nu trong trng trnh,ton hng ca nhng lnh truy nhp
nh ca local block c cu trc:
L#<a ch>
Th s l nh thuc min cc bin TEMP. Nhng kiu d liu hp l cho tt c
cc loi bin (k c bin hnh thc v bin tm thi) c tng kt trong bng 4.2:
Kiu d liu Kch thc
(bit)
Tham tr thch hp
BOOL 1 Kiu bin logic v hai gi tr 0 hoc 1.Tham tr c
th l mt gi tr logic (TRUE/FALSE) hoc l ni


104

Kiu d liu Kch thc
(bit)
Tham tr thch hp
dung mt bit
BYTE 8 Tham tr phi l ni dung ca mt byte
WORD 16 Tham tr phi l ni dung ca mt t (2 byte)
DWORD 32 Tham tr phi l ni dung ca mt t kp (4 byte )
CHAR 8 Tham tr c truyn c th l mt m ASCII
hoc ni dung ca mt byte
INT 16 Tham tr c truyn vo c th l ni dung ca
mt t(2 byte) hoc l mt s nguyn trong
khong -32768 32767
DINT 32 Tham tr c truyn vo c th l ni dung ca
mt t kp (4 byte) hoc l mt s nguyn trong
khong -2
31
2
31
1
REAL 32 Tham tr c truyn vo c th l ni dung ca
mt t kp (4 byte) hoc l mt s thc du phy
ng.V d:3.1416.
TIME 32 Tham tr c truyn vo c th l ni dung ca
mt t kp hoc l mt s o khong thi gian
dng T# ngy D_giH_phtM_giyS_mili
giyMS
DATE 32 Tham tr c truyn vo c th l ni dung ca
mt t kp (4 byte) hocl mt gi tr ngy thng
dng D#nm-thng-ngy
TOD 32 Tham tr c truyn vo c th l ni dung ca
mt t kp (4 byte) hoc l mt gi tr thi gian
dng TOD# ngy D_giH_phtM_giyS_mili
giyMS
S5TIME 32 Tham tr c truyn vo c th l ni dung ca
mt t kp (4 byte) hoc l mt gi tr thi gian


105

Kiu d liu Kch thc
(bit)
Tham tr thch hp
dng S5T# ngy D_giH_phtM_giyS_mili
giyMS
DT
Date_And_Time
64 Tham tr c truyn vo c th l ni dung ca
nh c kiu Date_And_Time(DT) hoc l mt gi
tr dng DT # nm-thng-ngy-gi:pht:giy:mili
giy
ANY 80 y l kiu bin tng qut, thay th c cho cc
kiu trn.Ngoi ra tham tr ca kiu bin ny
cn c th l thanh ghi CV,T_Bit,C_Bit,tn ca
Timer, tn ca Counter; tn cc logic block nh
FB10, FC2 tn bin hnh thc
Bng 4.2 Cc kiu d liu hp l cho bin
c, Gi khi FC v th tc truyn tham tr
Lnh gi mt khi con v truyn tham tr cho n t khi m c dng
C php CALL FCx
Trong FCx l tn khi con c gi.
Ngay khi gp lnh gi mt khi con,chng trnh son tho Step7 s cn c vo cu
trc ca local block,c th l nhng bin hnh thc ca khi con(bin
IN,OUT,IN_OUT), m cho hin ti nhng bin ny ch ngi s dng khai bo tham
tr.
Kiu tham tr truyn t khi con thng qua bin hnh thc IN hay IN_OUT ph
thuc vo kiu gn.C th l :
- Nu bin c khai bo mt trong cc kiu BOOL, CHAR, INT, DINT,
TIME, BOOL, DATE, TOD, S5TIME th tham tr truyn c th l mt gi tr c th
hoc l ni dung ca mt nh c kch thc tng ng.
- Nu bin c khai bo theo kiu BYTE, WORD, DWORD, DINT th phi l
ni dung ca nh c kch thc ph hp.
Ring i vi tham tr c khi con tr v cho khi m qua bin hnh thc OUT
hay IN-OUT th lun phi l mt nh c kch thc cng vi bin.


106

d, FB v th tc truyn tham tr
Nhc im ca ca kiu khi FC l ni dung cc bin tm thi theo TEMP khng
c lu gi li cho nhng vng qut sau. iu ny bt buc nhng khi FC s dng
bin kiu TEMP trong local block phI c thc hin xong trong mt vng qut v
do hn ch min s dng ca chng.
Khc phc nhc im trn, S7-300/400 cung cp mt loi khi c tnh nng tng
t nh khi FC nhng li c kh nng lu gi li c ni dung cc bin tm thi cho
cc vng qut k tip, c gi l khi hm FB. Loi bin tm thi c ni dung c
lu gi ny c tn l STAT (vit tt ca static).
Phng thc lu gi li ni dung cc bin loi STAT c h iu hnh thc hin
nh mt khi d liu nh sau:



Hnh 4.5 M t phng thc lu tr ni dung
- Khi thc hin lnh gi, h iu hnh chuyn khi FB c gi vo Work
memory cp pht cho n trong Work memory mt local block nh yu cu. Ghi cc
tham tr t khi m vo cc bin hnh thc loi IN, IN-OUT, v ni dung cc nh
tng ng trong DB km theo bin loi STAT trong local block .
- Khi chng trnh trong khi FB kt thc, h iu hnh chuyn ni dung ca
bin hnh thc loi OUT, IN-OUT v cho khi m v ghi li cc gi tr bin thc loi

DB2
OB1

call FB1,DB2



Chuyn FB1 vo Work memory,
cp pht local block gn tham
tr cho bin hnh thc t OB1 v
cho bin loi STAT t DB2
DB22
Tr tham tr v OB1 ghi li
bin loi STAT vo DB2.
Xo FB1 v local block ca
n khi Work memory
FB1











BE




107

STAT trong local block vo khi d liukm theo. Sau giit phng local block cng
khi FB ra khi Work memory.
V c bn local block ca khi FB cng ging nh ca khi FC, nhng c thm
bin loi STAT. Cc loi bin ca khi FB cho trong bng 4.3:
Loi bin ngha
IN Bin hnh thc s dng nhn tham tr t khi m lm s kin cho
chng trnh trong khi con
OUT Bin hnh thc dng tr tham tr t khi con v khi m
IN-OUT Bin hnh thc, loi bin ny va c kh nng nhn va c kh nng
tr tham tr cho khi m.
STAT Ni dung ca bin loi ny c kh nng lu gi li khi kt thc
chng trnh trong FB
TEMP Bin tm thi.Ni dung s b mt khi chng trnh trong FB kt thc
Bng 4.3Cc loi bin ca khi FB
Vic khai bo local block cho FB cng hon ton tng t nh cho FC gm t tn
bin, xc nh, xc nh loi bin (bin hnh thc hay,STAT hay TEMP) v kiu d
liu (nguyn, thc, k t) cho tng bin.
Tn bin phi l nhng dy k t hoc s v khng thuc nhm k t kho( c
dng bi h iu hnh).
h tc gi khi FB v truyn tham tr:
Khc vi khi FC, khi hm FB bao gi cng lm vic vi mt khi d liu DB dng
lu gi ni dung cc bin kiu STAT local block. Khi DB ny c tn khi d liu
l Instance . L do l khi ta thc hin lnh gi khi hm FB, h iu hnh cng m
lun khi d liu ny bng lnh OPN DI.
Nh vy km vi lnh gi khi FB ta phi ch th lun c lun c tn khi d
liu DB tng ng. Lnh gi khi hm FB c cu trc nh sau:
C php CALL FBx , DBy
Trong FBx l tn khi hm c gi, v DBy l tn khi d liu km theo. Khi d
liu DBy phi c cu trc ph hp vi local block ca FBx c son tho.
Phn mm Step7 h tr ngi son tho vic to lp khi d liu DB c cu
trc ph hp vi local block ca khi hm Fb c gi.Ngay sau khi vit lnh gi mt


108

khi hm FB v nu khi DB km theo cha c son tho trc , Step7 s s to lp
mt DB mi c cu trc ph hp vi local block ca khi hm FB .
S dng cc khi OB
Cc khi OB c th c xp theo loi cng dng thnh 3 nhm:
- Nhm cc khi OB cha chng trnh ng dng x l ngt,
- Nhm cc khi OB cha chng trnh khi ng,
- Nhm cc khi OB x l li trong h thng.
Cng nh FC, FB, khi OB l khi cha chng trnh, do cng l mt logic
block. im khc bit c bn gia OB v cc khi khc thuc logic block l OB
khng c gi ch ng thc hin (v d bng lnh CALL) m b ng bi cc tn
hiu ngt. Khi nim bi b ng c hiu l v tr cng nh thi im pht lnh
gi khng c lp trnh t trc m hon ton mang tnh ngu nhin. Chng trnh
trong cc khi OB ny cng c th c cc lnh gi khi FC hoc khi FB nhng tt
nhin khng th gi mt khi OB khc.
Mi khi OB c gi bng mt loi tn hiu ngt. Vy nu xy ra hin tng
xut hin cng mt lc nhiu tn hiu ngt th sao? Trong trng hp nh vy, khi
OB no c th t u tin cao hn s c x l trc v chng trnh trong khi OB
c th t u tin thp hn phi ch cho ti khi tt c cc khi c u tin cao hn c
x l xong mi n lt c thc hin. Khi OB1 l khi c mc u tin thp nht
v do mi tn hiu ngt u ngt c qu trnh thc hin chng trnh ca khi
OB1.



109

IV.6 S dng ngt trong lp trnh
IV.6.1 Ngn xp
Ngn xp I (I - Stack)Do cng c gi (b ng bng tn hiu ngt) nn ging nh
vic x l lnh CALL, h iu hnh cn phi ct gi v tr quay v, cc d liu cn
thit tip tc cng vic trong khi m. Ngn xp ct nhng d liu ny c tn l I-
Stack (hnh 4.6). su ca ngn xp I quyt nh s cc khi chng trnh x l ngt
(OB) c lng nhau v su ny ph thuc vo chng loi ca tng module CPU.











Tn hiu ngt gi
khi OB35
Hnh 4.4 Ngn p
IV.6.2 Chng trnh ng dng x l ngt
Chng trnh ng dng x l ngt c hiu l loi chng trnh vit cho cc
khi OB v c gi bi cc tn hiu bo ngt thuc loi: c pht ra u n cch
u nhau mt khong thi gian nh trc; c pht ra ti mt im thi gian nh
trc; c pht ra t cc modul (ngt cng).
Ngt tun t theo thi gian (OB30 OB38)
Ngay khi nhn thy trong chng trnh c mt trong cc khi OB30 OB38,
h thng s t ng tch cc ch pht tn hiu bo ngt gi cc khi ny vi khong
thi gian cch u nhau. Gi tr mc nh cho chu k pht tn hiu bo ngt ny l
100ms. Ni cch khc,c 100ms th cc khi OB ny c gi v thc hin mt ln.
Ni dung thanh ghi ACCU1,ACCU2
Ni dung thanh ghi AR1,AR2
Ni dung thanh ghi DI,DB
Con tr ch vo L-Stack cha ni dung local
block ca khi m
Ni dung thanh ghi trng thi
Tn khi m
a ch quay v

OB35
OB1
I- Stack


110

Tng hp th tt c cc khi trong khong OB30 OB38 u thuc nhm khi chng
trnh x l ngt theo chu k thi gian.Song khng phi module no cng cho php s
dng tt c cc khi OB ,chng hn CPU 314 ch cho php s dng OB35.
Trng hp c nhiu khi OB cng x l mt tn hiu bo ngt th ta c th
phn bit chng vi nhau theo th t u tin. Ch s th t u tin c gn cho tng
khi nh phan mm Step7. Ta cng c th s dng Step7 thay i chu k pht tn
hiu bo ngt.
Local block ca cc khi OB30 OB38 c dng chung ging nh ca OB35
cho trong bng sau:
Tn hnh thc Kiu Gi tr v ngha
OB35_EV_CLASS Byte Bits 0-3=1(Coming event), Bits 4-7=1(Event
class 1)
OB35_SCAN_1 Byte Bo OB5 c thc hin bng gi tr
16#36
OB35_PRIORITY Byte C gi tr l 11(th t u tin)
OB35_OB_NUMBR Byte 35.L ch s ca khi OB35
OB35_RESERVED_1 Byte D tr (ca h iu hnh)
OB35_ RESERVED_2 Byte D tr (ca h iu hnh)
OB35_PHASE_OFFS
ET
Word Thi gian tr (miliseconds)
OB35_ RESERVED_3 Int D tr (ca h iu hnh)
OB35_ EXC_FREQ Int Chu k thi gian thc hin (miliseconds)
OB35_DATE_TIME Date_An
d_Time
Thi im OB35 bt u c thc hin

So vi cc bin trong local block ca OB1 th bin OB35_EXC_FREQ v
OB35_PHASE_OFFSET l hi khc v mt ngha s dng v cn c gii thch r
thm:
OB35_EXC_FREQ cha chu k pht tn hiu ngt (mc nh l 100ms hoc
c qui nh li thnh T
a
nh Step7).


111

OB35_PHASE_OFFSET cha khong thi gian tr k t khi xut hin tn hiu
bo ngt cho ti khi OB35 c gi. Thng thng nh ny c ni dung bng 0,
song trong mt s trng hp ng dng ngi ta vn phi gn cho n mt gi tr
dng khc 0 nhm trnh nguy c nhiu khi OB30 OB38 cng c thc hin mt
lc d gy ra li v thi gian cho h thng.
Nh ni, ngay khi pht hn thy mt trong cc khi OB30 OB38 c trong
Load memory h thng s t ng tch cc ch pht tn hiu bo ngt theo chu k
100ms. Chu k T
a
=100ms mc nh c th sa li c nh cng c phn mm
Simatic Manager nhng gi tr sa li l c nh trong sut qu trnh thc hin
chng trnh ng dng sau ny, tc l ta ch c th sa li chu k T
a
pht tn hiu ngt
khi CPU ch STOP v phi s dng Simatic Manager np tham s mi cho
module CPU.
Linh hot hn so vi vic sa i li T
a
, ta c th tch cc hoc hu b ch
ngt theo chu k bng nhng hm c sn trong h iu hnh v do khng cn phI
chuyn v trng thi STOP. C th l:
Hm SFC39 (tn hnh thc DIS_IRT) c tc dng che ngt.
Hm SFC40 (tn hnh thc EN_IRT) c tc dng b mt n che ngt.
Hm SFC41 (tn hnh thc DIS_AIRT) c tc dng che tt c cc ngt c mc
u tin cao hn tn hiu ngt ang c s l.
Hm SFC42 (tn hnh thc EN_AIRT) c tc dng b mt n che tt c cc
ngt c mc u tin cao hn tn hiu ngt ang c s l.
Ngt ti mt thi im nh trc (OB10 OB17)
Khi OB10 ni ring (v d cho module CPU 314) v cc khi OB10 OB17
ni chung (ph thuc chng loi ca module CPU) s c h iu hnh gi mt ln
ti mt thi im nh trc hoc nhiu ln k t thi im cho. Khi c gi
nhiu ln k t thi im c xc nh ta c th qui nh:
Mi pht mt ln,
Mi ting mt ln,
Mi ngy mt ln,
Mi tun mt ln,
Mi thng mt ln,


112

Mi nm mt ln.
Khi OB10 c local block ( tng t cho c cc khi OB11 OB17 ) :
Tn hnh thc Kiu Gi tr v ngha
OB10_EV_CLASS Byte B#16#11=ngt ang c tch cc
OB10_STRT_INFO Byte B#16#11=OB10 c gi v thc hin
OB10_ PRIORITY Byte C gi tr l 2(th t u tin)
OB10_OB_NUMBR Byte 10 l ch s ca khi OB10
OB10_RESERVED_1 Byte D tr (ca h iu hnh)
OB10_RESERVED_2 Byte D tr (ca h iu hnh)
OB10_PERIOD_EXE Word M qui nh v ch thc hin s l
ngt
W#16#0000 : mt ln
W#16#0201: mi pht mt ln
W#16#0401: mi gi mt ln
W#16#1001: mi ngy mt ln
W#16#1201: mi tun mt ln
W#16#1401: mi thng mt ln
W#16#1801: mi nm mt ln
OB10_RESERVED_3 Int D tr (ca h iu hnh)
OB10_RESERVED_4 Int D tr (ca h iu hnh)
OB10_DATE_TIME Date_And_T
ime
Thi im OB10 bt u c thc hin.

C hai cch nh ngha thi im pht tn hiu ngt v quy nh ch lm
vic (mt ln hay nhiu ln) cho OB10 OB17. Cch th nht l s dng cng c
phn mm Simatic Manager v cch th hai l s dng hm SFC28 c tn hnh thc
SET_ TINT ca h thng.
Sau khi nh ngha thi im gi OB10, bn thn khi OB10 cng cn phi
c tch cc. Ta cng c hai cch tch cc khi OB10 hoc bng cng c phn
mm Simatic Manager hoc nh hm SFC30 (c tn hnh thc CAN_TINT) ca h
thng.


113

hu b trng thi tch cc ca khi OB10 ta s dng hoc cng c phn
mm Simatic Manager hoc nh hm SFC29 (c tn hnh thc CAN_TINT).
Tn hiu bo ngt ti thi im nh trc ny c th c che nh hm SFC39
(c tn hnh thc DIS_IRT) hay bc mt n che nh hm SFC40 (c tn hnh thc
EN_IRT). Ngoi ra ta cng c th s dng hm SFC41 (c tn hnh thc DIS_AIRT)
che tt c cc ngt c mc u tin cao hn tn hiu ngt ang c x l hoc hm
SFC42 (c tn hnh thc EN_AIRT) b mt n che tt c cc ngt c mc u tin
cao hn tn hiu ngt ang c x l.
IV.6.3 X l li h thng
Li h thng c hai loi:
Li asynchronous (li khng ng b), bao gm:
+ li vt qu thi gian xoay vng cho php OB80,
+ li s c ngun nuI (v d khng c pin) OB81,
+ li s c module (v d chp mch trn module vo) OB82,
+ li thiu khi OB cha chng trnh x l ngt OB85,
+ li truyn thng OB87.
Li synchronous (li ng b), bao gm:
+ li lp trnh (v d thiu khi DB, FC hoc FB) OB121,
+ li truy nhp module (v d c lnh truy nhp module m rng nhng li
khng tm thy module ) OB122.
Khi gp li khng ng b, h thng s chuyn CPU v trng thi STOP. Tt c
cc tn hiu bo ngt li khng ng b u c th c che hoc b mt n che nh
s dng:
Hm SFC39 (tn hnh thc DIS_IRT) c tc dng che ngt.
Hm SFC40 (tn hnh thc EN_IRT) c tc dng b mt n che ngt.
Hm SFC41 (tn hnh thc DIS_AIRT) c tc dng che tt c cc ngt c mc
u tin cao hn tn hiu ngt ang c x l.
Hm SFC42 (tn hnh thc EN_AIRT) c tc dng b mt n che tt c cc
ngt c mc u tin cao hn tn hiu ngt ang c x l.
X l li v thi gian thc hin chng trnh (OB80)
Khi OB80 s c h thng gi khi:


114

Thi gian thc hin chng trnh vt qu thi gian vng qut cc i cho
php. Mc nh mi vng qut c quy nh l phI thc hin khng qu 150ms. S
quy nh ny l cc thit c th m bo tnh thi gian thc ca chng trnh iu
khin. Mc d ta c th s dng phn mm Simatic Manager tng khong thi gian
vng qut cc i cho php, song iu ny l hon ton khng nn, nht l khhi phI
iu khin i tng bin i nhanh.
Theo thit k, mt trong s OB10 OB17 ng ra phi c gi ti mt thi
im nh trc, song v mt l do no , v d nh do ng h thi gian thc hin
ca CPU b chnh li, m iu khng c thc hin.
H thng ang phi x l mt tn hiu ngt cha xong m gp phi tn hiu
bo ngt cng loi. V d nu thi gian cn thit thc hin OB35 li lu hn chu k
pht tn hiu bo ngt T
a
khai bo th s xy ra trng hp OB35 cha c x l
xong h thng li phi gi OB35 x l cho ln tip theo.
Gp phi li trong chng trnh ca mt khi OB, chng hn nh li logic, li
thut ton
Ngay c trong trng hp gp mt tn hiu ngt cng hoc ngt theo chu
k thi gian nhng li khng c khi OB tng ng (OB40 hay OB35) ca tn hiu
ngt , h thng cng chuyn sang gi khi OB80 ng thi a CPU v trng thi
STOP.
Nh vy, s c nhiu loi tn hiu bo ngt li khc nhau cng gi n OB80.
Chng s c OB80 phn bit vi nhau trong qu trnh x l bng m nhn bit kiu
li. Tng ng vi nhng m nhn bit kiu li khc nhau, khi OB s t t chc cho
mnh cc local block khc nhau.
Local block ca khi OB80 cho trong trng hp a) c cu trc nh sau:

Tn hnh thc Kiu Gi tr v ngha
OB80_EV_CLASS Byte B#16#35.M nhn bit th nht
OB80_FLT_ID Byte B#16#01. M nhn bit th hai
OB80_PRIORITY Byte 26 (th t u tin).
OB80_OB_NUMBR Byte 80. L ch s ca khi OB80
OB80_RESERVED_ Byte D tr (ca h iu hnh).


115

1
OB80_RESERVED_
2
Byte D tr (ca h iu hnh).
OB80_LAST_CYL Word Thi gian vng qut va thc hin.
OB80_MIN_CYL Word Thi gian vng qut ngn nht thc
hin.
OB80_MAX_CYL Word Thi gian vng qut lu nht thc
hin.
OB80_DATE_TIME Date_And_Time Thi im OB80 bt u thc hin.

Local block ca khi OB80 cho cc trng hp b), c), d) nh sau:

Tn hnh thc Kiu Gi tr v ngha
OB80_EV_CLASS Byte B#16#35. M nhn bit th nht
OB80_FLT_ID Byte M nhn bit th hai
B#16#02. B#16#03. B#16#07.
OB80_PRIORITY Byte 26 (th t u tin).
OB80_OB_NUMR Byte 80. L ch s ca khi OB80.
OB80_RESERVED_1 Byte D tr (ca h iu hnh).
OB80_RESERVED_2 Byte D tr (ca h iu hnh).
OB80_ERR_INFO Word Kiu li pht hin c.
OB80_ERR_EV_CLA Byte Kiu tn hiu ngt.
OB80_ERR_EV_NUM Byte S hiu tn hiu ngt.
OB80_OB_PRIORIT Byte Th t u tin ca khi OB ang c
thc hin th xut hin tn hiu bo ngt.
OB80_OB_NUM Byte Tn khi OB ang c thc hin th
xut hin tn hiu bo ngt.
OB80_DATE_TIME Date_And_Ti
me
Thi im OB80 bt u c thc hin.
IV.6.4 X l li thiu khi OB (OB85)


116

H thng s gi khi OB85 khi gp li ng b cng nh tn hiu bo ngt ti
thi im nh trc nhng li khng tm thy cc khi OB tng ng x l nhng
tn hiu ngt ny (v d thiu khi OB10, OB82).Khi OB85 cng c h thng gi
nu trong chng trnh ng dng c s dng cc hm chun ca h thng (SFC) m
nhng hm ny li truy nhp n khi OB khng c trong b nh, v d chng trnh
s dng hm SFC30 tch cc OB10 nhng khng tm thy OB10 trong b nh. Nu
khng tm thy OB85, h thng s chuyn CPU v trng thi STOP.
Tn hiu ngt bo li thiu khi OB ny c th c che nh hm SFC39 (tn
hnh thc DIS_IRT) hoc b mt n che nh hm SFC40 (tn hnh thc EN_IRT). Ta
cng c th s dng hm SFC41 (tn hnh thc DIS_AIRT) che tt c cc ngt c
mc u tin cao hn tn hiu ngt ang c x l hoc hm SFC42 (tn hnh thc
EN_AIRT) b mt n che tt c cc ngt c mc u tin cao hn tn hiu ngt ang
c x l.
Local block ca khi OB85 c dng:
Tn hnh thc Kiu Gi tr v ngha
OB85_EV_CLASS Byte B#16#35.
OB85_FLT_ID Byte M bo kiu li
B#16#A1: Chng trnh SFC khng
tm thy khi OB.
B#16#A1: H iu hnh khng tm
thy khi OB
OB85_PRIORITY Byte 26 (th t u tin).
OB85_OB_NUMR Byte 85. L ch s ca khi OB85.
OB85_RESERVED_1 Byte D tr (ca h iu hnh).
OB85_RESERVED_2 Byte D tr (ca h iu hnh).
OB85_RESERVED_3 Word D tr (ca h iu hnh).
OB85_ERR_EV_CLA Byte Dng tn hiu bo li.
OB85_ERREV_NUM Byte Ch s tn hiu bo li.
OB85_OB_PRIORIT Byte Th t u tin ca OB ang c thc
hin khi c li
OB85_OB_NUM Byte Tn khi OB ang thc hin khi c li.


117

Tn hnh thc Kiu Gi tr v ngha
OB85_DATE_TIME Date_And_Time Thi im OB85 bt u c thc
hin.

IV.6.5 X l li truyn thng (OB87)
H thng s gi khi OB87 khi c li truyn thng, v d nh li time out
khng tm thy thy OB87 x l li, h thng s chuyn CPU v trng thi STOP.
Tn hiu ngt bo li truyn thng c th c che hoc b mt n che nh:
Hm SFC39 (tn hnh thc DIS_IRT) c tc dng che ngt.
Hm SFC40 (tn hnh thc EN_IRT) c tc dng b mt n che ngt.
Hm SFC41 (tn hnh thc DIS_AIRT) c tc dng che tt c cc ngt c mc
u tin cao hn tn hiu ngt ang c x l.
Hm SFC42 (tn hnh thc EN_AIRT) c tc dng b mt n che tt c cc
ngt c mc u tin cao hn tn hiu ngt ang c x l.
Local block ca khi OB87 c dng:

Tn hnh thc Kiu Gi tr v ngha
OB87_EV_CLASS Byte B#16#35.
OB87_FLT_ID Byte M bo kiu li:
B#16#D2: khng pht c tn hiu yu
CPU kim tra (diagnostic).
B#16#E1: Sai cu trrc ID khi truyn
thng vi global data (GD).
B#16#E2: Khng a c thng tin
trng thi ca GD vo DB.
B#16#E6: Nhm thng tin trng thI ca
GD khng chuyn c vo DB.
OB87_PRIORITY Byte 26 (th t u tin).
OB87_OB_NUMR Byte 87. L ch s ca khi OB87.
OB87-
_RESERVED_1
Byte D tr (ca h iu hnh).


118

Tn hnh thc Kiu Gi tr v ngha
OB87-
_RESERVED_2
Byte D tr (ca h iu hnh).
OB87-
_RESERVED_3
Word D tr (ca h iu hnh).
OB87-
_RESERVED_4
Dword D tr (ca h iu hnh).
OB87_DATE_TIME Date_And_Tim
e
Thi im OB87 bt u c thc hin.

IV.6.6 Nhng hm chun qun l ngt
Che v b mt n che cc tn hiu ngt, tn hiu bo li khng ng b
Hm SFC39 (tn hnh thc DIS_IRT) c tc dng che ngt.
Hm SFC40 (tn hnh thc EN_IRT) c tc dng b mt n che ngt.
Hm SFC41 (tn hnh thc DIS_AIRT) c tc dng che tt c cc ngt c mc
u tin cao hn tn hiu ngt ang c x l.
Hm SFC42 (tn hnh thc EN_AIRT) c tc dng b mt n che tt c cc
ngt c mc u tin cao hn tn hiu ngt ang c x l.

Tn hiu bo li ng b








Hnh 4.6 Cc bc h iu hnh l tn hiu bo li ng b.
Cc bc x l tn hiu bo li ng b ca h iu hnh
Li ng b c hai loi:
B che?
Ghi nh m tn
hiu li

C khi
OB?
Gi khi
OB
Chuyn CPU
v STOP
Yes
Yes
No
No


119

Loi li lp trnh (x l bi OB121) v
Loi li truy nhp module (x l bi OB122),
Trong mi loi c nhiu kiu li. Nu ta c mt cch nhn tng qut v cc kiu li
s rt cn thit cho vic s dng cc hm SFC36, SFC37.
Cc kiu li lp trnh (OB121)
a. Li bin i BCD: Tn hiu bo li ny s c pht khhi h thng gp phi
lnh i kiu d liu c cu trc BCD vi mt ch s ngoi khong 09. V
d h thng s pht tn hiu bo li kiu ny nu gp lnh:
L W#16#2E
BTI //Li, v ch E nm ngoi khong 09
b. Li c nh ngoi min cho php: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s c pht
khi h thng gp phi lnh c ni dung mt nh c a ch nm ngoi min
cho php. V d h thng s pht tn hiu bo li kiu ny nu gp lnh:
L MW300 //Li, v min bin c (M) ch c 256 byte
c. Li ghi vo nh ngoi min cho php: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s c
pht khi h thng gp phi lnh ghi vo nh c a ch nm ngoi min cho
php. V d h thng s pht tn hiu bo li kiu ny nu gp lnh:
T MW320 // Li, v min bin c (M) ch c 256 byte
d. Li c nh c a ch sai cu trc: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s c pht
khi h thng gp phi lnh c mt nh nhng a ch li sai cu trc.
Thng thng vic truy nhp nh c cu trc a ch sai m khng b pht
hin sai c php khi son tho l nhng lnh truy nhp thng qua con tr. V
d h thng s pht tn hiu bo li kiu ny nu gp lnh:
LAR1 P#0.0
L W[AR1,P#0.0] //Li, v a ch ng phi l IW[AR1, P#0.0]
e. Li ghi vo nh c a ch sai cu trc: Tn hiu bo li khiu ny s c
pht hin khi h thng gp phi lnh ghi vo mt nh c a ch sai cu trc.
Thng thng vic truy nhp nh c cu trc sai a ch m khng b pht
hin sai c php khi son tho l nhng lnh truy nhp thng qua con tr. V
d h thng s pht tn hiu bo li kiu ny nu gp lnh:
LAR1 P#4.0


120

T W[AR1,P#0.0] //Li, a ch ng phi l QW[AR1, P#0.0]
f. Li sai tn Timer: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s xut hin khi gp phi lnh
lm vic vi Timer c tn nm ngoi khong m CPU cho php. V d CPU
312 ch c 128 Timer nn h thng s pht tn hiu bo li kiu ny
nuMW0=129 v gp lnh :
SP T[MW0] //Li , nu MW0 c gi tr l 129
g. Li sai tn Counter : Tn hiu bo li ny s c pht khi h thng gp phi
lnh lm vic vi Counter c tn nm ngoi khong CPU cho php. V d
CPU312 ch c 64 Counter nn h thng s pht tn hiu bo li kiu ny nu
MW0 = 100 gp lnh :
CU C[MW0] //Li ,nu MW0 c gi tr l 100
h. Li c nh qua con tr c a ch sai: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s c
pht khi h thng gp phi lnh c ni dung nh c kch thc bytes,word
hay dword nhng con tr li c phn a ch bit = 0. V d h thng s pht tn
hiu bo li kiu ny nu gp lnh:
LAR1 P#M0 .2
L B[AR1, P# 0.0] // Li v mt bytes c tnh t bit th 0
i. Li c nh qua con tr c a ch sai: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s c
pht khi h thng gp phi lnh c ni dung nh c kch thc bytes,word
hay dword nhng con tr li c phn a ch bit = 0. V d h thng s pht tn
hiu bo li kiu ny nu gp lnh:
LAR1 P#M0 .2
T B[AR1, P# 0.0] // Li v mt bytes c tnh t bit th 0
j. Li lm vic vi DB: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s c pht khi h thng gp
phi lnh ghi d liu vo mt DB (share) ch cho php c
k. Li lm vic vi DI: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s c pht khi h thng gp
phi lnh ghi d liu vo mt DI (Instance) ch cho php c.
l. Li m mt DB c tn qu ln: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s c pht khi h
thng gp phi lnh m mt DB (share) c tn nm ngoi min m CPU cho
php.


121

m. Li m mt DI c tn qu ln: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s c pht khi h
thng gp phi lnh m mt DI (Instance) c tn nm ngoi min m CPU
cho php.
n. Li gi mt khi FC c tn qua ln: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s c pht
khi h thng gp phi lnh gi mt khi FC c tn nm ngoi min m CPU
cho php.
o. Li gi mt khi FB c tn qua ln: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s c pht
khi h thng gp phi lnh gi mt khi FB c tn nm ngoi min m CPU
cho php.
p. Li m mt khi DB khng c trong b nh: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s
c pht khi h thng gp phi lnh m mt khi DB nhng khi ny li
cha c np vo b nh (Load memory) ca CPU
q. Li m mt khi FC khng c trong b nh: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s
c pht khi h thng gp phi lnh m mt khi FC nhng khi ny li
cha c np vo b nh (Load memory) ca CPU.
r. Li m mt khi FB khng c trong b nh: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s c
pht khi h thng gp phi lnh m mt khi FB nhng khi ny li cha
c np vo b nh (Load memory) ca CPU
Cc kiu li truy nhp module (OB122)
s. Li c t module tn hiu: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s c pht khi h thng
thc hin lnh c cng mt module tn hiu (SM) nhng li khng tm thy
module ny hoc CPU khng thc hin c s kt ni vi module (time
out).
t. Li ghi ra module tn hiu: Tn hiu bo li kiu ny s c pht khi h thng
thc hin lnh ghi ra cng mt module tn hiu (SM) nhng li khng tm
thy module ny hoc CPU khng thc hin c s kt ni vi module (time
out).
ch cc v hu b ngt thi im
Khi tn hiu bo ngt theo thi im c pht ra, h thng s gi khi chng
trnh tng ng OB10OB17 x l. S cc khi OB x l tn hiu ngt ti thi


122

im nh trc ph thuc vo tng chng loi module CPU m ta s dng. V d vi
CPU314 ta ch s dng c OB10 c th t u tin l 2.
khai bo s dng OB10OB17, c cc cng c:
1) Xc nh thi im pht tn hiu bo ngt bng phn mm Simatic Manager.
2) Tch cc ngt nh phn mm Simatic Manager hoc nh hm h thng SFC30
c tn hnh thc ACT_TINT.
3) Hu b tn hiu ngt ang tch cc nh hm SFC29 c tn hnh thc QRY
_TINT.
4) Xem trng thi tn hiu ngt nh hm SFC31c tn hnh thc QRY_TINT
Trc khi s dng cc hm h thng trn, khi OB10OB17 phi c trong
Load memory ca CPU. Trong qu trnh thc hin, nu khng tm thy cc khi OB
ny h iu hnh s gi OB85 x l li thiu khi OB v nu cng khng tm thy
OB85, n s chuyn CPU v trng thi STOP.
Khi tch cc tn hiu ngt ti thi im cho trc m v mt l do no ta
li chnh li ng h thi gian ca CPU th c th s gy ra nguy c ng h c
chnh (tin hoc li) qua thi im pht tn hiu ngt. Trong trng hp nh vy h
iu hnh s gi khi OB80 thc hin chng trnh x l li khng ng b v thi
gian v nu cng khng tm thykhi OB80, n s chuyn CPU v trng thi STOP.
hay i ch lm vic ca module m rng
Khi ni v tn hiu ngt cng vi cc khi chng trnh x l ngt
OB40OB47 cng nh v vic tch cc ch t chun on li ca nhng module
tn hiu c chng (module tn hiu c ngt cng, t chun on). module CP, module
FM, ta c cp n kh nng t tham s ch lm vic t chng trnh ng
dng thng qua mt s hm trao i tham s gia CPU v module m rng, tc l
ngay c khi CPU ang trng thi RUN
Vi nhng hm ny chng trnh ng dng c th mm do s dng nhiu ch lm
vic khc nhau ca module m rng.
V d: Ta c th ly vic c cng tng t lm v d. Chng hn theo yu cu
bi ton th c lc tn hiu tng t u vo c dng l dng, c lc l p. Ngay c khi
c nh dng tn hiu vo l p th c lc n l tn hiu thuc di 10V, c lc li nm
trong di 2.5V. iu ny chng trnh ng dng s nhn bit c thng qua tn


123

hiu s ti cng I0.0. Nu I0.0=1 th dng tn hiu tng t c ti a ch PIW256 l p
trong di 10V, ngc li khi I0.0=0 th n s l in p thuc khong 2.5V. Mt
s module tng t ca S7-300 cho php tu chn ch lm vic vi tn hiu tng
t dng in p hay dng cng nh di gi tr tn hiu, 10mA, 5mA, 3.2mA.
Tuy nhin nu ch s dng Simatic Manager quy nh ch lm vic cho module
tng t th trong sut qu trnh thc hin chng trnh hoc ta ch c th lm vic
hoc vi tn hiu thuc di 10V, hoc 2.5V m khng thay i theo I0.0 nh yu
cu bi ton t ra. y gii quyt c yu cu bi ton, bt buc phi thay i
ch lm vic mi t chng trnh ng dng ti module tng t.
Cc hm cho php ta t chng trnh ng dng truy nhp vo thanh ghi xc
nh ch lm vic ca module m rng bao gm:
SFC55 (tn hnh thc WR_PARM) ghi tham s t cu hnh cho module.Tham
s cu hnh ny c ngi s dng t xy dng v t chc thnh mt khi d liu
(DB) c cu trc ph hp vi chng loi module.
SFC56 (tn hnh thc WR_DPARM) sa i mt vi tham s cu hnh ca
module. Nhng tham s ny phi c ly t cc khi d liu c ca h thng
(SDB100SDB103).
SFC57 (tn hnh thc PARM_MOD) sa i ton b tham s cu hnh ca
module. Tt c cc tham s ny phi c ly t cc khi d liu c ca h thng
(SDB100SDB103).
Sau y l mt s ch lm vic ca cc module m rng c th thay i
c t chng trnh ng dng:
a) Pht tn hiu ngt cng (OB40OB47) t module tn hiu vo/ra s. Tn hiu
ngt cng c pht khi xut hin sn ln hoc xung ca tn hiu logic ti
cng vo ca module.
b) T chun on li ca module vo/ra s, ca module vo/ra tng t (OB82).
c) Quy nh li dng tn hiu tng t (p hay dng) c ti cng vo tng t ca
module.
d) Xc nh li di tn hiu cho php ca tn hiu tng t.
e) Pht tn hiu bo ngt nu tn hiu tng t u vo nm ngoi khong c
nh ngha. Khong gi tr c nh ngha ny tt nhin phi nm trong di tn


124

hiu cho php, chng hn di tn hiu l 10V c chuyn i sang ton b
khong bin i ca s nguyn 16 bits l t -32768 n 32767 nhng ta c ther
quy nh li l chng ch c php nm trong khong -2000 n 2000.
Bn cnh nhng ch va nu cn c mt vi ch lm vic khc ca
module m rng c th c thay i bi chng trnh ng dng.
Hm FSC55 (WR_PARM)
Hm FSC55 c tc dng truyn tham s t cu hnh cho module m rng.
Tham s phi c t chc thnh nhng khi d liu (DB), chng hn nh cc khi
DB45. Qu trnh truyn tham s ny l khng ng b, ni cch khc trong thi gian
truyn tham s, module khng c kh nng giao tip vi ngoi vi bi vy chng trnh
ng dng cn phi i cho ti khi qu trnh truyn tham s c hon ttmi c th s
dng c module v lm c iu ny,hm FSC55 c bin BUSY thng bo lc
no hon thnh qu trnh truyn tham s.
Hm SFC55 c cc tham bin hnh thc vo-ra nh sau:
Loi bin Tn bin Kiu d liu ngha
IN REQ Bool Tn khi OB cha chng trnh x l ngt
(v d OB10).
IN IOID Byte Vng truy nhp:
B#16#54: Vo.
B#16#55: Ra.
IN LADDR Word a ch ca module.
IN RECNUM Byte Ch s ca data record. y nu tham s
cu hnh c ngi s dng t t chc th
RECNUM phi l 1.
IN RECORD Any Tn khi d liu cha tham s v di
(tnh theo bytes).
OUT RET_VA
L
M bo li khi thc hin hm .
OUT BUSY Bool Bo tham s ang c truyn.

REQ: Yu cu gi.


125

Hm ch thc s bt u cng vic gi tham s ti module nu REQ=1. Tuy
nhin, hm cng vn s hon thnh nt cng vic nu ang trong qu trnh gi m tn
hiu yu cu gi REQ tr v 0.
BUSY: M hiu bo ang bn truyn.
Khi hm cha hon thnh xong cng vic gi tham s ti module, BUSY vn
c gi tr 1. Vic gi tham s c th phi ko di vi vng qut v BUSY=0 ch khi
cng vic gi tham s thc s hon tt.
RET_VAL: M hiu bo li ca hm:
M hiu ngha
W#16#8090 a ch module nm ngai min nh ngha.
W#16#8091 a ch module sai cu trc.
W#16#8092 Kiu d liu ca tham s trong khi DB khng ph hp vi loi
bin (byte, word, dword).
W#16#8093 Sai gi tr ca IOID.
W#16#80A1 Khng truyn c tham s (ng truyn khng thng).
W#16#80B1 di ca DB cha tham s khng ng.
W#16#80B3 Module tm thy slot ch th li kiu khc.
W#16#80D2 Tham s khng ng cho module.




126

IV.7 Lm vic vi tn hiu tng t v b m xung tc cao
IV.7.1 X l tn hiu analog
a, a ch vo ra v di o cc tn hiu
PI : Min a ch cng vo ca cc Module tng t (I/O External input). Cc gi
tr tng t ti cng vo ca module tng t s c c v chuyn t ng theo
nhng a ch c cu hnh phn cng. Chng trnh ng dng c th truy cp
min nh PI theo tng Byte (PIB), tng t PIW hoc tng t kp PID .
PQ: Min a ch cng ra cho cc module tng t (I/O External Output). Cc gi
tr theo nhng a ch ny s c module tng t chuyn ti cc cng ra tng t.
Chng trnh ng dng c th truy nhp min nh PQ theo tng Byte (PQB), tng t
(PQW) hoc theo tng t kp (PQD).
Trn mi Slot c kh nng nh a ch 16 bytes. PI v PQ ly a ch bt u nh
nhau
V d: Slot 5 gn module analog AI 4/ AO 4 th module c a ch nh sau:
a ch 4 u vo: PIW272, PIW274, PIW276, PIW278
a ch 4 u ra: PQW272, PQW274, PQW276, PQW278
- Dng tn hiu chuyn i: c 2 dng: tng t sang s; s sang tng t
- Thang o in p v dng in: Mun o in p, dng in ta chn module
Analog ph hp vi yu cu cn o. Chn gi tr thang o khi thit lp cu
hnh phn cng, tu thuc yu cu dy in p cn o. Gi tr s nguyn ca
kt qu o c c t PI (thanh ghi m cha gi tr analog u vo) ph
thuc vo ln in p cn o v thang o c chn. Gi tr o ph thuc
tuyn tnh vi in p o trong phm vi danh nh ca thang o. Gi tr s
ca thang o:
Di o Di o Di o Di o Di o Tn hiu s
80 mV 250 mV 500 mV 1000 mV 2500 mV 27648
5 V 10 V 10 mA 3.2 mA 27648
1 - 5V 0 - 20 mA 4 - 20 mA 0 - 27648
- Thang o in tr, nhit : Khi cn o in tr, nhit ta cn chn
module thch hp. Chn u vo in tr, nhit , loi cm bin c thc


127

hin trong xy dng cu hnh phn cng. Gi tr o c tuyn tnh trong
pham vi danh nh.
hang o in tr:
Di o Di o Di o Tn hiu s
0 150 Ohm 0 300 Ohm 0 600 Ohm 0 - 27648

hang o nhit :
Di o (
0
C) Tn hiu s
Pt 100 Standard, - 200 -> 850 - 2000 -> 8500
Pt 100 Climate, - 200 -> 850 - 1200 -> 1300
Ni 100 Standard, - 60 -> 250 - 600 -> 2500
Ni 100 Climate, - 60 -> 250 - 600 -> 2500
Cm bin loi K, - 270 -> 1372 - 2700 -> 13720
Cm bin loi N, - 270 -> 1300 - 2700 -> 13000
Cm bin loi J, - 210 -> 1200 - 2100 -> 12000
Cm bin loi E, - 270 -> 1000 - 2700 -> 10000
Cm bin loi L, - 200 -> 900
0
C - 2000 -> 9000
- Gi tr u ra PQ a n cc ra tng t
Di o Tn hiu s
0 -> 10 V 0 -> 27648
1 -> 5 V 0 -> 27648
10 V 27648
0 -> 20 mA 0 -> 27648
4 -> 20 mA 0 -> 27648
20 mA 27648

b, X l tn hiu tng t
- c tt tn hiu Analog trc ht ta phi xc nh tn hiu c Analog l
tn hiu loi g ( 0-10V,4-20mA,cch u 2 dy,cch u 4 dy)
- Bc k tip l phi chn ng loi tn hiu trn phn cng ( Chn loi tn
hiu trn Modul c knh Analog) v chn ng trn cu hnh phn cng


128

cho ph hp, nu chn 2 bc ny khng tng thch th n System Fault
ca Modul Analog s sng v knh Analog s c sai.
- Xc nh ng tn hiu s dng,n cc hay lng cc
- Xc nh a ch cho tng knh Analog ( vd: PIW256)
Tn hiu analog u vo l cc s nguyn INT. Mun tnh ton trn cc kiu d
liu khc phi dng cc hm bin i thch hp.
Bin i s nguyn sang BCD: ITB
Bin i s nguyn sang s nguyn di: ITD
Bin i s nguyn di sang s thc: DTR
Bin i s nguyn di sang BCD: DTB
Bin i s thc sang s nguyn di: TRUNC
c, Cc hm chuyn i c bn
Trong th vin Standar, mc TI-S7 Converting Blocks c 2 hm c bn thng
c s dng trong vic chuyn i i lng, l hm SCALE v UNSCALE.
- Hm chuyn i SCALE FC 105
y l hm chuyn i t dng tn hiu u vo PIW ca ca module tng t
dng INT sang dng i lng cn o.

th bin i ca hm FC105
Hm tuyn tnh:
OUT = [{Hi(lim) Lo(lim)}{IN K1} / { K2 - K1}] + Lo(lim)
Trong :
OUT: gi tr i lng o, dng s thc.


129

IN: S t PIW, dng s nguyn.
K2: gi tr s nguyn gii hn trn u vo PIW.
K1: gi tr s nguyn gii hn di u vo PIW.
Hi(lim): gii hn trn i lng cn o
Lo(lim): gii hn di i lng cn o
u vo Bipolar: - 27648
u vo Unipolar: 0
(Ng vo Bipolar c nh c chuyn i gi tr m hay khng. Bipolar 1 ng
vo 2 cc c chuyn i gi tr m. Bipolar 0 mt cc ko chuyn i gi
tr m)
V d ng dng:
Nu u vo PIW288 ca module analog c thang o 80 mV, CPU s nhn c
gi tr t 27648 nu c cc. Qua hm FC105 s chuyn i gi tr nhn c thnh s
mV mong mun.
Vit chng trnh v kim tra chng trnh hot ng.

- Hm chuyn i UNSCALE FC106


130

Hm FC106 chuyn i i lng cn a ra cng iu khin ca module analog
t gi tr thc thnh gi tr s nguyn.

th bin i ca hm FC 106
Dng bin i c cng thc:
OUT=[(K2-K1)*(IN-Lo(lim)]/[Hi(lim)-Lo(lim)] + K1
OUT: u ra hm, dng s nguyn.
IN: u vo, dng s thc.
K2: gii hn trn ca s nguyn u ra: 27648 (vi module c phn gii)
K1: Gii hn di ca s nguyn u ra, Bipolar l 27648, Unipolar l 0
V d:
Ta mun truyn ra module analog u ra PQW290, thang o 0-10V, gi tr in p
3.3V cha trong MD24. Thay i gi tr trong MD24, tn hiu u ra analog s thay
i theo.


131


Ngoi ra, nu da trn di o ca cm bin, ta c th vit hm ring cho tng loi
cm bin o thay v s dng cc hm xy dng sn trong phn mm.
IV.7.2 m xung tc cao
Xung tc cao c c thng qua nhng Modul c xung tc cao hoc c
th c c thng qua CPU c tch hp sn nhng I/O c kh nng c xung tc
cao nh CPU 312C,313C
Vic c xung tc cao l ht sc cn thit cho nhng ng dng c xung
Encoder, hay c xung ca nhng Input tc cao. Tu thuc tng loi CPU cng
nh Modul c xung tc cao m c nhng cch thc u ni dy khc nhau,do vy
vic u ni dy cn phi xem ti liu trc khi thc hin. Cn phi xc nh ch
c xung trc khi u ni ( vd : ch c 2 xung,ch c 1 xung ).
Hm c xung tc cao: SFB 47 (DB47)


132

Chi tit c th c th xem trong File Help ca SFB47 bng cch chn SFB47
ri bm F1
Xc nh rng xung bng hm SFB49 (DB49).




Ngoi vic c xung tc cao bng hm SFB47,ta cn c th c tn s bng
hm SFB48 (DB48). Cch thc nh dng hm SFB48 cng hon ton tng t hm
SFB47, ch khc ng ra l tn s. Chi tit c th c th chn hm SFB48 ri bm F1.