T.S.

Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

chng I - mng nng I - mng nng trn nn t nhin Khi cng trnh t ln nn t t nhin ti su hm nh, nh hng ca t trn y mng ti cc mt tip xc l nh, ta ni l mng nng trn nn t nhin. Trong C hc t, mng c b rng b, su hm, nu hm/b 0,5 (theo Berezansev) th khi t di mng b ph hoi t b y tri, ta coi hm l nng Trong thc t nhng mng c hm 3m c th coi l nng. - Phm vi ng dng: + Ti trng khng ln, cng trnh nh, Q0 nh + Lp t bng phng c sc chu ti ph hp, c chiu dy ln. Ngay c khi lp t trn c sc chu ti khng ln nhng c th gii quyt bng cch gim ti cng trnh trn din tch mng ln (bng giao nhau, b) I.1 - Phn loi v cc yu cu cu to mng. - Phn loi (xem trang 2) - Cu to cc mng bng vt liu gch, , b tng, b tng hc thng xy di cc tng gch, , dng bng, git cp tu vo gc cng vt liu.
Ging b tng

50:100

hb

> 150 B > 0,5m

- Mng b tng ct thp rt ph bin v a dng: + Mng n di ct, tr, thp nh, ct thp + Bng dc + ngang: dng di tng, vch cng, di hng ct + Mng b: di nh cao tng, b, u tu, thuyn, mt ng cng, sn bi, bn

Kch thc v cng tng t mng n bng b, hp, v cho php chu ti tc dng ln hn, sc chu ti ca nn ln hn v kh nng bin dng gim.
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h > 500

a: lp bo v > 80 b tng 150#

T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

- Yu cu cu to chung i vi mng BTCT: + + + + B tng 150# ( thng 200#). Thp thng dng thp gai, ko thng, ai dng ct trn Lt: b tng gch v, b tng ngho (100# ) dy 50mm Lp bo v 30 mm (c lp lt)

Cu to mng n Mng n di ct tr (xem 147 - 149 BTCT II )

lneo (thung >=15d)
>3cm

bct

200

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>B/10

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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

Cu to mng bng di tng

Cu to Mng bng di hng ct

a-bng giao nhau Bng di hng ct

b- bng n

c- tit din

Thp t theo yu cu i vi dm lin tc nn gi l mng dm (giao nhau)

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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

Cu to mng b, hp, v

Mt s dng mng hp

Ct thp trong bn mng cu to theo cc yu cu i vi bn ngm, k, cn trong sn theo nguyn tc dng dm n hay giao nhau. CU TO GING MNG: + Thng cu to nhm tng cng cng trnh, gim chnh ln kt hp vi tng bao, Faging 5 cm2, hging chn theo kinh nghim (nguyn l dm) tu thuc vo iu kin a cht, tnh cht ti trng v li ct

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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

I.2. Thit k mng nng cng. - Ni dung c bn trong thit k l xc nh cc c trng ca mng gm: + Vt liu + su mng + Kch thc mng l(L) x b(B) x h(h0) + Sao cho tho mn cc yu cu k thut, thi cng v kinh t. Trnh t thit k c th nh sau: - Cng trnh - Nn Bc 1 Ti liu - Cc tiu chun thit k Phng n H mng nng - Nn - Cng mm - n, bng, b ... - #, thp Rn, Rk, Fa... - Lt lp bo v ao hm (xem phn 4 chng m u) b x h (bng di tng) b x l x h (n) B x L x h (b) -p - p0 (khng k TLBT) - pgl = ptc - hm

Bc 2

Bc 3

Vt liu mng

Bc 4

su mng

Bc 5

Chn kch thc mng

Bc 6

ng sut di mng

(Thng b qua Q0)

Bc 7

Kim tra kch thc y

1- Kh nng chu ti: trt, lt v iu kin kinh t v bxl. 2- Bin dng S Sgh Tnh ton cng vt liu mng do ti trng cng trnh v p0 gy ra v iu kin kinh t v h, Fa.

Bc 8

Kim tra chiu cao mng v Fa Cc kim tra khc Cu to v Bn v

Bc 9

Vd: trt ngang, lt, c kt chm

Bc 10

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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

- Mng cng l mng c cng ln di tc dng ca ti trng cng trnh mng bin dng nh c th b qua ng sut di mng p c th coi l tuyn tnh. + Mng bng di tng, vch. + Mng bng di hng ct, mng b nhng cng mng rt ln (h ln v h sn dy). No + Mng n di ct, tr. Mo l nhng loi mng cng: - p lc tnh ton di y mng: + P=
N N 0 + tb . hm (tb = 20KN/m3 ) F F M + Pmax, min = P W
P min P max

N = N0 + trng lng mng + t ph lp M = M0 + M (N0) + M 0 (Q0) + M 0 (p lc t)

M0 + M (N0) (nu Q0 nh v mng chn su, kt cu khng gian cng). A - Trong tnh ton gi thit b qua ti trng ngang, sau c th kim tra iu kin trt phng lt bc 9. - p lc tnh ton phn b di y mng khng k trng lng bn thn mng v t ph:
p 0 = P - tb . hm (khng k trng lng bn thn mng v t ph) tc l p 0 =
N0 F

- p lc tiu chun phn b di y mng:

Pgl = P tc - tc . hm

P tt '.h m 1.15 1.2

- Cc bc tnh ton: Bc 1:Thu thp v x l ti liu (xem li phn trn) xc nh gi tr Sgh([S]), FS. V d - Nh khung v nh tng chu lc Sgh = 8 - 10cm, ( Bc 2: Chn h mng: n di ct c ging Bng di tng trn nn... Bc 3: Chn vt liu mng: BTCT ( 200# ) Thp ( AI, AII ) gai Lt, lp bo v a0 3cm Nu dng khi xy: gch ch c va xi mng ct vng 75# Bc 4: Chn su t mng hm (xem phn trc) Bc 5: Chn kch thc mng (theo kinh nghim no ). y mng b x l (n), b (bng di tng). Chiu cao mng, bc mng h, hb h0, h0b (h0 h - a0)
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S )gh = 0,2 0,4% L

T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

Bc 6: Xc nh ng sut di mng p, pmax ( kim tra sc chu ti, kh nng trt, lt) p0, p0max (tnh ton kim tra cng vt liu mng) pgl ( tnh ln ca nn t ) Bc 7: Kim tra kch thc y mng b x l, b v chn b x l, b hp l. y mng phi ln (thch hp) p nh nhm: Nn t kh nng chu ti chng trt, lt ( TTGH 1 ca nn ) ln, chnh < cho php ( S Sgh )) n tp: 1- Nu mt t phng, ng nht th iu kin nn chu ti: +p<R + pmax 1,2R Trong R =
p gh FS
A b + B ' hm + Cc 2 = FS

Pgh

+ FS h s an ton chn tu cp v loi cng trnh V d nh thng ly 2 - 3 ( 2 khi no? 3 khi no? ) + A = N . n . m . i + B = Nq . nq . mq . iq + C = Nc . nc .mc . ic Trong N, Nq,Nc - h s sc chu ti ca nn, ph thuc vo gc ma st trong ca t (tra ph lc trang 20) Cc ni ,mi,ii- h s hiu chnh hnh dng, nghing mt t, lch ti.
n n q = 1 i vi mng bng nc
n = 1 0 ,2 b l nq = 1 n c = 1 + 0 ,2 b l

i vi mng n, b

Cc h s hiu chnh mt dc ca b mt t hoc lp t phn lp 1 m tg 2 ) ; mc = m = 0 - 50 mi ( m, mq, mc ) = 1; > 50 th m = mq = ( 1N c .tg tg + i , iq , ic : l cc s hiu chnh v lch ca ti trng c tnh theo cng thc: i = (1 - )3 ; iq = (1-0,7)3 ; ic = iq - 1 i q (Trng hp = 0 th cc cc h s i ; iq ; ic
N q 1

bng1) - Nu nn phn lp dng nh sau th cn kim tra kh nng chu ti ca lp t (2):

( p ' hm ) N b + p2 = Z 2 + Z 2 hoc p 2 = + 1.(h1 hm )

Fq

+ pmax 1,2.R2 - Trng hp mt t dc, nn phn lp phc tp th dng cc phng php gi thit mt trt (v d mt trt tr trn) kim tra kh nng trt.

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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng
S i Li
h1

2- iu kin: S Sgh (Sgh c bc 1 ): Si - tnh ton d bo S i + Nu nn t phng, ng nht Si = Pgl. b. .

1 E0
p2 b qxq
2 0

hm

bxl

1
30
o

30

2
yu hn

+ Tng qut phng php cng ln tng lp (iu kin kinh t th hin p R. (pmax 1,2R hay p2 R2) Nu b x l (b) cha ph hp th tr li bc 3 hay 5.

Bc 8: Kim tra chiu cao mng v tnh ct thp trong mng. Ni dung: + TTGH1: Tnh ton cng vt liu mng + TTGH 2: Bin dng v nt (thng khng tnh m m bo bng cu to) Nh vy bc ny cn tnh cng mng. a. Trng thi lm vic ca mng bng di tng: + Pha trn chu ti trn din hp bt, cng theo phng dc tng l v cng ln. + Pha di ti (p0) phn b ti trng trn din ln b cng trn phng ngang mng l hu hn Mng lm vic ging nh kt cu conson ngm ti mp tng (kt cu chu un) 2 kh nng ph hoi cng a.1.Ph hoi theo mt xin: (tng m thng mng). Gi thit mt m thng nghing 450 to thnh hnh thp m thng (hnh bn), hoc nt v pha lch tm do ng sut ko chnh gy ra iu kin Q Qb (i vi cu kin chu un khng c ct xin, ai v b qua nh hng ca ct dc) Coi rng ch v mt pha lch Q = Pt 0,75.Rk. h0 ( hay Pt k.Rk. h0 ) trong Pt = p t. bt h0 p t. bt / (0,75. Rk) Rk - cng chu ko ca b tng a.2. Ph hoi theo tit din thng ng: Ti mp tng thng ch t ct n khng t ct xin v kp. iu kin: - Khng ph hoi dn ( trang 37 KC BTCT1 )
45
0

No Mo

45

P0 > 0 P0t P0t

min

P0

max

kc

bt

Rk

P0t P0t

P0

max

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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

h0

M ng 0,4 R n

(thng khng cn tnh iu kin ny)

b

bt

- Din tch ct thp yu cu vi h0 theo phng b rng M ng chn n? Fa 0,9 R a h0

x 2 2 sao cho bc ct thp a 100 200 hoc kim tra hm

Trong Mng =

Pong + Po max

2 bng

p0 ng

p 0 max

lng =

Fa thc = 0,15 0,4% h0

Ghi ch: Kh nng ct theo chu vi tng rt t xy ra b. Trng thi lm vic v cc iu kin kim tra i vi mng n di ct. - Pha trn mng ti phn b hp di din Fc = bc. lc. Pha di phn lc t p tc dng trn din rng hn nhiu b x l.Cu kin bn chu un hai kh nng ph hoi cng mng: + Ph hoi tit din nghing: hnh thp hoc ph hoi mt nghing 450 v pha lch + Ph hoi tit din ng: coi gn ng l tit din qua mp ct. b.1. Kim tra cng trn tit din nghing: Ct m thng mng to thnh dng thp 4 mt hay coi gn ng 1 mt xin 450. Trong mi trng hp tnh an ton l trng hp mt mt xin 450 v pha lch tm vi cng thc: Pt 0,75. Rk.h0.btb, trong : Pt = P0t + P0max 2 .lt.b (hp lc phn lc t trong phm vi gch cho trn hnh di y)

btb - Cnh trung bnh ca thp m thng.

Mo No Mo ln No

hm
45

hm h0
max

h0
max

P0 P0t P
t 0

P0

min

0
(M 0 ln)

P0 P0t P0t

bng
bc b lc b tb

Lt

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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng
bc + b ( nu bc + 2h0 > b ) 2
Mo No

btb = bc + h0 ( nu bc + 2h0 b ) hoc =

b.2. Tnh ton cng trn tit din ng: Gi thit s phng: Bn mng l bn conson ngm ti mp ct (c lp theo hai phng). - iu kin ph hoi dn ca b tng vng chu nn: h0
M ng 0, 4 R n .b tr

hm

h0

(t xy ra thng khng cn tnh iu kin ny) - Tnh ton ct thp vng chu ko: + Theo phng l chiu di conson l lng M
1 nng 2 Pong + P0 max l ng p 2 = . .b = b.l ng 2 2 2

bng
bc b l lng

lc

p
0ng

p
0max

l Fa

l M ng 0,9 R a h0

+ Theo phng b, tng t :

F =

b a

Mb ng 0,9R a h 0

p.l.b 2 / 2 ng 0,9R a h 0

Chn thp, b tr v kim tra hm lng trong khong hp l. =

Fathc b. h0

= 0,15 0,4%

(hay theo kinh nghim a = 70 200) Bc 9: Cc tnh ton khc nh kim tra kh nng trt ngang, n nh tng th, tnh ton c kt ca nn ty tng trng hp mi phi kim tra cc iu kin ny. Bc 10: Cu to mng - B tr ct thp, bc mng (nu c). - Ct ch. - Ging (nu c). - Khe ln (nu c). Bc 11: Bn v, bao gm: - Mt bng mng nng. - Cc chi tit mng nng. - Thng k vt liu. - Cc ghi ch cn thit.

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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

I.3.Cc loi mng tnh theo nguyn l mng cng. I.3.1- Mng khe ln: - Ti trng tnh ton ti y mng: M = M0 + M(N0) M(N0) = N0. e0 - C hai trng hp xy ra: + P0min > 0 tnh ton nh phn trn gii thiu. + P0min < 0 khng th c v t khng chu ko gi thit P0 phn b li dng c), Pmax v P0max xc nh t h phng trnh cn bng hnh chiu v cn bng m men:
1 2 Pmax .(b x ) = N 1 Pmax .(b x ). b 1 (b x ) = M 2 3 2

eo No Mo M
a)

N P >0 min

P max
b)

P <0 min

P max
c)

x P max Pmax = b

P =0 min

Gii h phng trnh trn c Pmax v x. Kim tra: x b/4 v pmax 1,2R. (i khi kt qu rt v l, cng tng b th lch tm cng tng phi tnh theo cc phng php k n s lm vic ng thi ca kt cu bn trn).

N + F

M W

- Tnh ton tng t cho mng bng di tng ti v tr khe ln. I.3.2-Mng chu lc y ngang ln (Q0 ln). - Ngoi cc ni dung tnh ton nh trn, phi kim tra trt ngang, v lt: + Trt ngang: Kim tra theo mt trt gi thit Ko= Tgi x n1 ( n1 <1 ) T ph hoi x n2 (n2>1 ) >[K] H s gia mng xy hoc mng b tng vi t Tn t N0 t st cng M0 Q0 t st do t ct t m t ct m t st cng t st do t ct cng l t ct do + Trt ngang: Kim tra theo mt trt gi thit
h

0.30 0.20 0.55 0.45 0.45 0.25 0.50 0.35 0.75

- 22 -

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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

Ko=

Tgi x n1 ( n1 <1 ) T ph hoi x n2 (n2>1 )

>[K]

Vi: [K] - h s n nh cho php f - H s ma st t v mng ( xem bng) (Ch : khi tnh p, p0, pgl vn gi thit b qua Q0) + Kim tra lt: Ko= Mgi Mlt i vi tm lt gi thit > [K]

I.3.3-Mng tng chn, tng hm: a. Tng chn trng lc: phi k n p lc t ln phn tng (phng php gn ng) - S tnh: Coi tng lm vic nh conson ng. Ni lc N, Q, M c tnh t gi thit bi ton phng. - Phn thn tng c tnh ton theo nguyn l cu kin nn lch tm. - Phn mng tnh ton theo nguyn l mng G cng di tng ni trn vi ch kim tra P trt ngang v lt (xem phn trn). G - Trong ti trng tc dng gm: + Trng lng bn thn tng. + p lc t ch ng theo phng ngang. + Trng lng ca khi t G theo phng P thng ng. b. Tng tng hm chu lc: vic k n nh hng ca s lm vic khng gian l rt kh gi thit tnh tng c lp hay khung kn trong bi ton phng nh hnh v sau.
No Mo No Mo

Sn tng trt H' 2H'/3 Tng hm

P

Sn tng trt H'/3

Tng hm

H1

H1

Sn tng hm H2

Sn tng hm H2 Mng b

Bng di tng hay di ct

- Trong giai on thi cng: tu vo phng php thi cng, bin php chng , bo v tng m c s tnh ph hp vi p lc t l tnh hay ch ng. (xem phn tng trong t).
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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

Nu hm tng i cng Thay hm hmt

b mn c hoc t nn mng 2 1 = h1 + h 2 khi tnh sc chu ti ca nn R 3 3

v p l p lc tnh. Lc s tnh l tng conson hay tng gi cc v tr chng v ngm ti mng - Trong giai on s dng: s tnh tng l tng gi hoc ngm ti sn trt v ngm ti mng chu p lc t v ti trng s dng. Trng hp tng hm l tng chn khung chu lc th tnh ton tng chu p lc t theo s gn ng l dm lin tc c b rng 1m ti 3 v tr (H/3, 2H/3, H - xem hnh v trn) v gi ti v tr cc ct. Sau b tr thp theo kt qu tnh ton cho 3 on tng H/3. Trng hp c nhiu tng hm th phng ng ca tng c tnh ton theo s gi ln cc sn trung gian ca tng hm. Nhiu trng hp phng n tng hm kt hp mng b c hiu qu kinh t ln, ngay c khi ti trng cng trnh ln. I.3.4. Mng chu ko Tnh ton gn ng coi rng mt trt ( do ko ln) nghing i vi phng thng ng gc = 0 . V d vi = 0 No + Lc gi: G , G , C ms = ..z.tg Tms = 2(1+b).hm.ms(z = hm/2) + Lc ko: N0 h s an ton chu ko k=

G G

lc gi >[K] lcko
e1 e2

I.3.5. Mng di nhiu ct - Vi gi thit mng cng, ti trng tnh ton ti y mng: N = N01 + N02 + trng lng mng + t ph lp M = N01.e1+ N02.e2 + M01 + M02 p lc di y mng:
N p= F

Mo1

No1

No2

Mo2

N
1

F
M W

+ tb.hm

pmax,min = p

Cc bc tnh ton sau ging mng di ct, tng. Khi kim tra chiu cao v ct thp trong mng th cn c vo cu to v tr cc ct m c s tnh ton ph hp.

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0i

hm

T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

V d hnh trn c 2 ct 1 v 2 - Theo phng b rng b: S tnh vn l bn conson ngm ti mp ct (s ly gi tr Mng ln tnh Fa ) - Theo phng di l: dm n gin c mt tha, gi ln 2 ct. Mgi, Mnhp Fa (c th b tr 1 hoc 2 lp li thp)
L'

A
b.Pmin b.Pmax M nhp

A
M gi

A-A
Nu Mnhp , L' nh

A-A
Nu Mnhp , L' ln

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hm

hm

- 25 -

T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

Luyn tp-chng 1 Mng nng cng A. Phn l thuyt. 1_ Phn bit mng nng cng v mm (yu cu v hnh minh ho). T cho bit ni dung tnh ton khc nhau bc no? 2_ Cc yu cu cu to c bn i vi mng nng loi cng di tng, ct (yu cu v hnh). Gii thch ti sao c cc yu cu . 3_ Trnh by cc ti liu cn thit trong thit k nn v mng. 4_ a/ Trnh by ni dung kim tra kch thc y mng bng di tng, trong trng hp ti trng ngang nh. b/ tng t nh trn vi mng n di ct. 5_ Trnh by ni dung kim tra kch thc y mng nng cng trong trng hp ti trng ngang ln. 6_Nh trn trong trng hp lch tm ng k. 7_ a/ Trnh by ni dung tnh ton kim tra chiu cao, ct thp trong mng nng di tng. b/ Nh trn i vi mng n di ct 8_ Trnh by ni dung tnh ton n nh ca tng chn t (trong giai on s dng). B. Phn bi tp: 1) Chn su chn mng hm v xc nh kch thc y mng hp l ca mng bng di tng (di 20m), chu lc N0 = 30 T/m, M0 = 2,5 Tm/m, Q0 = 0,5T/m. Cho bit: ln cho php Sgh = 10cm Nn t gm 2 lp: -Lp trn l loi st pha c st B=1,18, =1,75 T/m3, dy 1,6m -Lp di l ct nh c cng khng xuyn trung bnh l qc = 560T/m2 v h s n ngang 0 = 0,3. (T chn s an ton). 2) Chn chiu su chn mng v xc nh kch thc y mng bng hp l theo iu kin sc chu ti ca lp t 2 vi h s an ton l 2. Cho bit: Ti trng di tng N0=30 T/m, M=2,5Tm/m, Q=0,5 T/m. Nn gm 2 lp: Lp trn: dy 3,4m t loi dnh Wnh=48%, Wd=22%, W=26%, =1,82T/m3, =20o, C=2,8 T/m2. Lp di: Wnh=32%, Wd=26%, W=30%, =14o, C=2,8 T/m2, =1,76T/m3 3) Kim tra kch thc chiu cao v ct thp trong mng bng di tng chu lc b tng ct thp. Bit: -Tng dy 20cm, chu ti N0=30 T, M0=2,5 Tm, Q0=0,5 T. -Mng: + Mc btng 250
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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

+ b x h = 2 x 0,4m, chiu di L = 20m. + Ct thp (Fa) gm 1012/m, Ra = 27000T/m2. + Lp bo v ct thp dy mng 5cm. 4) - Xc nh chiu cao v ct thp hp l cho mng n di ct (20x20cm), chu ti N0 = 60 T/m, M0 = 8 Tm/m, Q0 = 3 T/m. Bit: + Mng chn su 1,5m. + Mc btn 250. + Lp lt bng btn ngho 100# dy 100mm. + Lp bo v ct y: 5,0cm. + Kch thc y mng 1,5 x2,0m. - Hy v chi tit cu to mng.

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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

I.4- Mng mm I.4.1.Khi nim, phn loi: - Cc mng c cng hu hn di tc dng ca ti trng bin dng mng ng k ng sut di y mng khc tuyn tnh. Khi cng ca mng i vi t
3 2 E0 . l 2 > 1 hay t = E 0 .L.B > 1 t= E b .h3 E b .h 3

( )

Noi Moi qoi

h

th coi l mng dm, bn mm M z Po Trong : L Eb - m un n hi ca b tng E0 - m un bin dng ca t - C th gp: + Mng bng di hng ct ( bng dc hay giao nhau ) + Mng bn di hng ct, y b, u tu, thuyn ... l cc loi mng mm. - Phn loi: + Mng dng dm n ( l b 7) : i) Dm di, ngn ii) Dm cng, mm + Mng dm giao nhau gm bng dc + ngang + Mng dng bn ( l b < 7) : i) Phng ii) C sn trn hoc di bn - Hng tnh ton: Gi thit: vng ca mng ln ca nn S v b qua Q0 V d: Ti M: z x = Sx Phng trnh vng trc mng ( dm, bn ) Z = f1 (p0) M hnh nn S = f2(p0) (Quan h ng sut bin dng ca nn)

- C nhiu m hnh nn, ch nht ti m hnh nn tuyn tnh, vi hai m hnh nn thng dng: M hnh nn Winkler, m hnh bn khng gian bin dng tuyn tnh. 1.4.2. M hnh nn Winkler Nn t c thay th bng mt h l so (lin kt n hi), cng K ca cc l so c tnh thng qua h s nn C: K = C.Fx Fx-din chu ti ca l so chuyn v, phn lc cu nn ti v tr ang xt chnh l bin dng, phn lc ca l so ti v tr .

P
S

K - tng tuyn tnh theo z

P=kxS z

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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

Tnh ton mng loi dm, bn trn nn Winkler. H phng trnh vi phn c bn i vi mng loi dm: d 4 (EJ.z) = q bp 4 dx px = C.z = C.x p- p lc di y mng (T/m2) - Gii bi ton mng trn nn Winkler theo hai hng sau: 4q d4z b.C + 4z() = vi = 4 .x a. Phng php gii tch: Nu EJ = const 4 kb 4 EJ d
N01 M 01 Q 01 N0i M 0i Q 0i N 0i M 0i Q 0i

dx x x0 z

Gii phng trnh vi phn c bn trn p v M, Q (ni lc trong dm). Trong cc gio trnh Nn mng c cc bng tra kt qu tnh cho cc trng hp c bn: Lc tp trung, m men tp trung im gia dm di, bn vung hoc trn. C th gii cc bi ton mng dm, bn chu nhiu lc tp trung bng cch p dng cc bi ton c bn vi nguyn l cng p dng. b- Phng php phn t hu hn: Bng vic chia nh kt cu mng thnh cc phn t nh v h mng v nn c m hnh ho nh sau: + Kt cu mng: dm c thay th thnh cc phn t Frame, bn l cc phn t Shell. + Nn: c thay th bng cc gi n hi l cc l so c cng K = C.ax.bx (ax.bx l din tch chu ti ca nt ang xt)

b . Bng giao nhau. c. Mng dng bn. Nh vy c th d dng k n s thay i ca EJ v K (trong mi phn t coi EJ, K l hng s)
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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

Thng s dng cc chng trnh tnh ton SAP2000, STAD III tnh ton ni lc, kt qu thu c l M, Q v phn lc ti cc gi n hi Rz, I.4.3- M hnh bn khng gian bin dng tuyn tnh (xem li CH) T bi ton Butxinet ta tm c mi quan h gia ti trng v bin dng nn: p = f2(S). H phng trnh vi phn c bn i vi mng loi dm
d 4 (EJ.z) dx 4
= q bp
l

2 1 0 pb S= (x x 0 ) .dx E 0 0

Thng l gii theo phng php gn ng, c th tm thy cc li gii in hnh + Phng php M.I.Gorbunv-Pasadov + Phng php I.A.Ximvulidi + Phng php Gimoskin Trong cc gio trnh nn mng. Nguyn l cc phng php ny l chuyn s bi ton dm t trn nn n hi, dm trn cc gi hu hn (dm lin tc) v dng phng php chuuyn v trong c hc kt cu gii xc nh phn lc gi. Nguyn l gii bi ton bn tng t nh trn nhng phng trnh vng mt bn ():
4 4 1 2 4 + 2 2 + 4 = [q(x, y) p(x, y)] D x 4 x y y

Trong : D =

E b .h 3 , E v l mdul v h s n ngang ca vt liu dm. 12(1 )

- Gii h phng trnh chnh tc i vi mng dm, bn tnh c p - Kim tra cc trng thi gii hn ca nn tng t phn mng cng - Tnh ra ni lc trong mng M,Q tnh ct thp yu cu b tr. Cng c th tnh ton gn ng mng dng dm v bn nh sau: a. Mng dng dm: + Phng ngang coi l cng tnh nh trng hp bng cng di tng (bn conson ngm ti mp sn di hng ct, hay mp ct ) + Phng dc: tnh ni lc ca mng v cu to theo s dm lin tc. Ct thp c hm lng trong khong hp l l 0,4 % - 0,8 % - Phng php gn ng p dng trong thit k s b khi cng cng trnh bn trn Noi ln: + Coi mng dm l cng: p o = Fm

+ Mng dm lin tc gi trn cc ct v chu ti p0 (M, Q ) ni lc trong dm ct thp

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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

No1

b mn c hoc t nn mng
Noi2

Mgi=ql /11

Mbin =ql /16

Mnhp =ql /11

b- Mng bn (b):

+ Bn phng: tnh ton nh bn sn nm (di ct) + Bn c sn: tnh ton nh bn k, ngm di hng ct, tng + Gn ng (khi kt cu bn trn c cng ln) tng t nh phn mng dm: + Coi bn mng l cng v cng P0 = N oi
Fm

+ Sau bn mng c tnh ton v cu to theo s bn k, ngm vi cc sn chu ti u l P0 Ni lc trong bn ct thp cho 2 phng ca bn.

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T.S. Nguyn nh tin

b mn c hoc t nn mng

Luyn tp chng I Mng mm Phn l thuyt

1. Cho bit cc yu cu cu to c bn i vi mng bng btng ct thp di hng ct. Hy gii thch ti sao li c cc yu cu ?. 2. Trnh by 2 m hnh tuyn tnh Hy cho bit ng dng m hnh nn trong tnh ton mng mm. 3. Trnh by ng li tnh ton mng mm.
Phn bi tp

1) Hy xc nh gn ng ct thp trong mng loi bng n di hng ct. Bit: - 8 ct 20x20 cm, bc ct 4m v ti trng di ct No = 40T, b qua Mo, v Qo. - Mng:+Btng mc 250, thp xy dng Ra= 28000 T/m2 + Lp lt btng 100# , dy 10cm. B dy lp bo v ct thp y mng l 5cm. + Kch thc y mng : lxb =28,5mx1 m; Chiu cao bn y mng l 0,25m. + B rng v chiu cao sn 0,3mx0,5m 2) Hy kim tra iu kin m thng ca mng bng trong bi tp 1(vi gi thit b qua s lm vic ca ct dc, ai) v v hnh cu to mng.

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