Room Impulse Response

Room Impulse Response Measurement and Analysis
CCRMA Lobby Impulse Response 1
0.8
0.6 direct path
response spectra 0
power - dB 60
0.4 early reflections 0.2
200 50 400
40 600
-0.2 late-field reverberation -0.4
30 800
90 100
10
20
30
40 50 60 time - milliseconds
70
80
1000
20
1200
10
1400
10 15 frequency - Bark
20
25
Music 318, Winter 2007, Impulse Response Measurement
Reverberation and LTI Systems

CCRMA Lobby Impulse Response 1 0.8
(t) = L{a(t)},
direct path early reflections
(t) = L{b(t)}
0.6
0.4
superposition, linearity
0.2
L{a(t) + b(t)} = (t) + (t) L{ a(t)} = (t)

time invariance
90 100 70 80
10
20
30
L{a(t )} = (t )
Reflected source signals are sensitive to the details of the environment geometry and materials. Reverberation is roughly linear and time-invariant, and thus characterized by its impulse response.
Music 318, Winter 2007, Impulse Response Measurement 2
LTI System Measurement

test signal amplitude 1 0.5 0 0 0.5 1 time - seconds test signal response 1.5 2
measurement noise
n(t) r(t)
s(t) h(t)
test sequence LTI system measured response
10 frequency - kHz 8 6 4 2 0 0 0.5 1 time - seconds 1.5 2
s(t) = (t) h (t) = r(t)
Impulsive test signal: Limited input amplitude

poor noise rejection

3
LTI System Measurement Methods

measurement noise
n(t) r(t)
s (t) s (t)
k k k k
(t)
s(t) h(t)
test sequence LTI system measured response
(t) = 1 s (t) r (t) h k k
Repeat measurement, average results MLS, Golay (t) = 1 r (t) sk (t) = (t), k = 1,2,K h k
k
Smear impulse over time allpass chirp, sine sweep (t) = 1 s(t) r(t) s(t) = a(t), a(t) a(t) = (t) h
Sine Sweep Measurement

test signal 1 amplitude 0 -1 0 0.5 1 time - seconds test signal response 10 frequency - kHz
frequency - kHz 10 8 6 4 2 amplitude 1 0.5 0 0 0.5 1 time - seconds estimated impulse response 1.5 2 processed chirp
1.5
8 6 4 2 0 0 0.5 1 time - seconds 1.5 2
0.5
1 time - seconds
1.5
Frequency trajectory (t), t s(t) = sin (t),

[0,T], sine sweep s(t):

t 0
(t) =
( )d
5
Sine Sweep Generation

Monotonic frequency trajectory (t), t Sine sweep s(t), "inverse" (t): s(t) = sin (t), (t) =
t 0
[0,T]
( )d
(t) = v(t) sin (t),
d v(t) = 2 dt [ [
0
For (t) monotonic, slowly varying, s(t) (t) (t), bandlimited to
0,
T]
Measurement Bias, SNR Gain

s(t)
test sequence
measurement noise
n(t) r(t)
h(t)
Impulse response estimate h(t) = (t) r(t) = [ (t) s(t)] h(t) + (t) n(t) = h(t) + (t) n(t) Expected value (zero-mean noise assumed) E{h (t)} = h(t) + (t) E{n(t)} = h(t) SNR gain (sweep, noise uncorrelated) d ( ) 1 / 2 dt
LTI system
measured response
Nonlinear Measurement Example

sine sweep response 20
15 frequency - kHz
s(t)
10
() speaker
g(t) room
r(t)
0 0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8 1 time - seconds
1.2
1.4
1.6
Speaker generates harmonic series r(t) = g(t)

k
((
)sin
t 0 k
( )d ,
(t) = k (t)
Exponential Sweep (Farina, 2000)

exponential sweep response
10
(t) =
, 0 e e t
1 = log T
0 T
frequency - kHz
10
(t) = k =
0
(t + 1 log k)
10
-1
= (t + 1 log k)
0.4 0.6 0.8 1 time - seconds 1.2 1.4 1.6
0.2
Sweep harmonic trajectories isomorphic; appear as time-offset exponential sweeps

Exponential Sweep Response

processed response 1 amplitude 0.5 0 -0.5 0 0.5 1 time - seconds exponential sweep response 10 1 frequency - kHz 1.5 2
10
10 -1
0.5
1 time - seconds
1.5
Processing using the sweep inverse produces a series of time-shifted responses, one for each harmonic present. The "linear" response is the impulse response; the remaining responses are used to estimate THD.
10
System Linear Portion

processed response 1 amplitude 0.5 0 -0.5 0 0.5 1 time - seconds exponential sweep response 10 1 frequency - kHz 1.5 2
s(t)
g(t) room
()
r(t)
mic preamp
preamp nonlinearity
10 0 10
-1
0.5
1 time - seconds
1.5
Power nonlinearities generate even/odd harmonic series, depending on the sense of p; e.g., for p odd, cos
p
t=2
( p 1 ) / 2
1 p
k =0
p k
cos( p 2k) t
The time-separated "linear" response may not be the desired system linear portion.
Acoustic Tube Measurment Example

sine sweep, s(t) 0.5 frequency - kHz amplitude 10 sine sweep spectrogram
s(t)
-0.5 0.5
500 1000 sine sweep response, r(t)
1500
0 10 frequency - kHz
200 400 600 800 sine sweep response spectrogram
1000
r(t)
amplitude
-0.5
500 1000 time - milliseconds
1500
200
800
1000
measured impulse response 0.2 0.15 0.1 amplitude
h(t)
0.05 0 -0.05 -0.1 -0.15
10
15
20 time - milliseconds
25
30
35
40
12
CCRMA Lobby Measurment Example

sine sweep, s(t) 0.5 10 sine sweep spectrogram
s(t)
frequency - kHz
0 500 1000 sine sweep response, r(t) 1500
amplitude
-0.5 1
0 10
200 400 600 800 sine sweep response spectrogram
1000
r(t)
amplitude
0.5 0 -0.5 -1 0 500 1000 time - milliseconds 1500 2000
frequency - kHz
500
1500
2000
measured impulse response 0.08 0.06
0.04
amplitude
h(t)
0.02 0 -0.02 -0.04
100
200
300
400
600
700
800
900
1000
13
Impulse Response Measurement Analysis

CCRMA Lobby Impulse Response 1 0.8
0.6 direct path 0.4 early reflections 0.2
10
20
30
70
80
90
100
The impulse response of a reverberant environment will often have a direct path, followed by a few early reflections and the late-field reverberation.
Echo Density Profile

impulse response 1 0.5
-0.5
20
40
60
140
160
180
200
echo density profile, 20-msec. frames. 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 time - msec. 140 160 180 200
Echo density can be measured along an impulse response by comparing the percentage of taps lying outside the local standard deviation to that expected for Gaussian noise.
Echo Density Psychoacoustics

impulse responses 6 4 2 0 -2
100
200
300
600
700
800
900
echo density profile, 20-msec. frames. 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 time - msec. 600 700 800 900
16
Late-Field Time-Frequency Analysis

response spectra 0 60 200 50 400 40 600 30 800 power - dB
1000
20
1200
10
1400
20
25
17

response spectra, 70-msec. interval between frames. 0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80 -1 10
10 frequency - kHz
10
18

response power spectrum, Bark-spaced frequencies. 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100
200
400
1000
1200
1400
19
Late-Field Decay Rate Estimation

measured, modeled response energy profile 0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
200
400
1000
1200
1400
20
Equalization and Reverberation Time

q - resonance spectrum. 0 -5 -10 10
-1
10 frequency - kHz T_{60} - 60-dB decay time.
10
10
10
10
-1
10
-1
10 frequency - kHz
10
21
EMT140 Plate Reverberator Responses

EMT140B response spectra, various damping settings 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 30 6000 7000 8000 10 9000 10000 0 20 40
10
0
power - dB 60
10 1
T_{60} - 60-dB decay time, various low-frequency absorption settings.
50
10
-1
10
-1
10 frequency - kHz
10
20
25
late-field decay times
impulse response spectrograms
22

Room Impulse Response

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Room Impulse Response

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Room Impulse Response Measurement and Analysis

CCRMA Lobby Impulse Response 1

0.6 direct path

0.4 early reflections 0.2

-0.2 late-field reverberation -0.4

Music 318, Winter 2007, Impulse Response Measurement

Reverberation and LTI Systems

L{a(t) + b(t)} = (t) + (t) L{ a(t)} = (t)

-0.2 late-field reverberation -0.4

LTI System Measurement

10 frequency - kHz 8 6 4 2 0 0 0.5 1 time - seconds 1.5 2

s(t) = (t) h (t) = r(t)

Impulsive test signal: Limited input amplitude

poor noise rejection

LTI System Measurement Methods

(t) = 1 s (t) r (t) h k k

Sine Sweep Measurement

8 6 4 2 0 0 0.5 1 time - seconds 1.5 2

Frequency trajectory (t), t s(t) = sin (t),

[0,T], sine sweep s(t):

Sine Sweep Generation

(t) = v(t) sin (t),

For (t) monotonic, slowly varying, s(t) (t) (t), bandlimited to

Music 318, Winter 2007, Impulse Response Measurement

Measurement Bias, SNR Gain

Nonlinear Measurement Example

0.8 1 time - seconds

Speaker generates harmonic series r(t) = g(t)

Music 318, Winter 2007, Impulse Response Measurement

Exponential Sweep (Farina, 2000)

Sweep harmonic trajectories isomorphic; appear as time-offset exponential sweeps

Exponential Sweep Response

Music 318, Winter 2007, Impulse Response Measurement

System Linear Portion

Acoustic Tube Measurment Example

500 1000 sine sweep response, r(t)

200 400 600 800 sine sweep response spectrogram

500 1000 time - milliseconds

400 600 time - milliseconds

measured impulse response 0.2 0.15 0.1 amplitude

0.05 0 -0.05 -0.1 -0.15

Music 318, Winter 2007, Impulse Response Measurement

CCRMA Lobby Measurment Example

200 400 600 800 sine sweep response spectrogram

0.5 0 -0.5 -1 0 500 1000 time - milliseconds 1500 2000

1000 time - milliseconds

measured impulse response 0.08 0.06

0.02 0 -0.02 -0.04

500 time - milliseconds

Music 318, Winter 2007, Impulse Response Measurement

Impulse Response Measurement Analysis

0.6 direct path 0.4 early reflections 0.2

-0.2 late-field reverberation -0.4

Echo Density Profile

80 100 120 time - milliseconds

Echo Density Psychoacoustics

400 500 time - milliseconds

Music 318, Winter 2007, Impulse Response Measurement

Late-Field Time-Frequency Analysis

Music 318, Winter 2007, Impulse Response Measurement

Late-Field Time-Frequency Analysis

Music 318, Winter 2007, Impulse Response Measurement

Late-Field Time-Frequency Analysis