Nguyen Ly Cat

CHU BIEN: PHAM NH TN
NGUYEN LY CAT
&
DUNG CU CAT

Sch dng trong cc trung THCN H noi

TRUNG TRUNG HOC CONG NGHIEP HA NOI BIEN SOAN

2

SO GIO DUC VA AO TAO HA NOI

NGUYEN LY CAT
&
DUNG CU CAT

Sch dng trong cc trung THCN H noi

NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI
3

MUC LUC
Trang
Muc luc...........................................................................................................3
Li ni dau............................................................................................... 4
Li gioi thieu............................................................................................ 5
Bi mo dau................................................................................................6
1. Chuong 1 : Vat lieu lm dao.............................................................. 8
2. Chuong 2 : Khi niem ve tien v dao tien ....................................... 16
3. Chuong 3 : Qu trnh cat got kim loai.............................................. 27
4. Chuong 4 : Luc cat khi tien...............................................................39
5. Chuong 5 : Nhiet cat v su mn dao............................................... 48
6. Chuong 6 : Toc do cat cho php -
Lua chon thong so cat .................................................. 53
7. Chuong 7 : Bo v xoc..................................................................... 65
8. Chuong 8 : Khoan- Khot- Doa...................................................... 70
9. Chuong 9 : Phay.............................................................................. 87
10. Chuong 10: Truot........................................................................... 101
11. Chuong 11: Mi..............................................................................107
Hnh tham khao...................................................................................114
Ti lieu tham khao.............................................................................. 126

4
LOI GII THIU

Thuc hien chu truong cua lnh dao thnh pho H Noi v thuc hien mot
trong nhng chuong trnh muc tieu cua So Gio duc v o tao H Noi, giai
doan t nay den 2005 v tiep den 2010, de day manh do tao nhan luc bac
trung hoc chuyen nghiep v day nghe phuc vu cong nghiep ho, hien dai ho
thu do, d l: Bien soan bo chuong trnh giang day v gio trnh cc mon hoc
trong cc trung trung hoc chuyen nghiep H Noi. Bo chuong trnh v gio
trnh s duoc su dung trong he thong cc trung trung hoc chuyen nghiep
cong lap, bn cong, dan lap v tu thuc H Noi.
Trung Trung hoc Cong nghiep H Noi d to chc bien soan mot so gio
trnh cho ngnh "Sua cha, khai thc thiet bi co kh", chuyen ngnh Cat got
kim loai v chuyen ngnh sua cha: day l mot co gang ln cua cc Cn bo
v gio vien cua trung cng ngnh gio duc chuyen nghiep thnh pho tng
buc thong nhat noi dung day v hoc o cc trung trung hoc chuyen nghiep
tren dia bn H Noi.
Noi dung cua cc gio trnh duoc xay dung tren co so ke tha nhng noi
dung d duoc giang day gan 30 nam o trung THCN H Noi v mot so
trung ban c do tao cng chuyen ngnh, ket hop vi nhng noi dung mi
nham dp ng yeu cau nang cao chat luong do tao. Cc gio trnh duoc xay
dung tren co so ''Chuong trnh do tao trung hoc chuyen nghiep ngnh Sua
cha, khai thc thiet bi co kh, chuyen ngnh cat got kim loai v sua cha'' d
duoc Hoi dong tham dinh cua Bo Gio duc v do tao thong qua ngy
12/4/2002.
Gio trnh do cc nh gio c nhieu kinh nghiem giang day cua Trung
Trung hoc Cong nghiep H Noi bien soan, theo dinh hung co ban, ph hop
cap hoc, cap nhat kien thc mi v c tnh den tnh da ngnh v tnh lien
thong: cc gio trnh duoc trnh bay ngan gon, de hieu ph hop vi doi tuong
hoc sinh trung hoc v cng rat bo ch doi vi doi ng k thuat vien v cong
nhan k thuat de nang cao kien thc v tay nghe.
Tuy cc tc gia d c nhieu co gang khi bien soan, song gio trnh chac
chan khong trnh khoi nhng khiem khuyet. Hy vong nhan duoc su gp
cc dong nghiep khc o cc trung v ban doc de nhng gio trnh duoc bien
soan tiep hoac ti ban lan sau c chat luong tot hon.
Moi kien xin gui ve trung Trung hoc Cong nghiep H Noi, dia chi 131
pho Thi Thinh, Quan ong a, thnh pho H Noi.
Hieu truong
Irung Irung hoc Cong nghiep H Aoi

PHAM NH TN
5

LOI NI U

Trung Trung hoc Cong nghiep H noi vi be dy truyen thong 30 nam
xay dung v truong thnh luon tu ho l mot ci noi do tao ra cong nhan
lnh nghe, k thuat vien trung cap. Trung c mat manh ve do tao co kh,
thuc te hoc sinh cua trung sau khi ra trung d dat yeu cau dat ra cua cc co
quan, x nghiep tuyen dung.
Mon hoc Nguyen l cat v dung cu cat l mot mon hoc co so trong ngnh
co kh c rat nhieu thong tin ve l thuyet nhung c tnh ng dung thuc tien
rat cao. Qua nhieu nam giang day mon hoc ny nhat l hien nay de dp ng
vi yeu cau do tao cua x hoi can phai rt ngan chuong trnh m van dam
bao chat luong do tao.
Xuat pht t di hoi cua yeu cau thuc te v qua qu trnh lien tuc giang
day, tch lu kinh nghiem, duoc su quan tam gip d cua So Gio duc v do
tao v dong nghiep lan ny chng toi xuat ban cuon gio trnh Nguyen l cat
v Dung cu cat nham phuc vu cho khoi hoc sinh ngnh Khai thc v sua
cha thiet bi co kh.
ay l cuon gio trnh viet ngan gon, trong d tc gia co gang trnh by de
hieu, sc tch nhng l thuyet, khi niem co ban dong thi dua ra chuong
trnh ph hop vi noi dung can do tao, co gang cap nhat nhng kien thc
mi nhat de dua vo.
Gio trnh ny gip d hoc sinh rat nhieu khi cc em lm do n tot nghiep
doi vi chuyen ngnh co kh, thong qua d cc em c the hieu mot cch r
rng nhat ve cc nguyen l cat got, biet cch chon che do cat toi uu... m c
the lm ti lieu tham khao doi vi moi ban doc quan tam.
Qu trnh bien soan trong mot thi gian ngan, vi mot co gang cao nhat c
the gio trnh Nguyen l cat & Dung cu cat viet ra khong khoi c nhng
khiem khuyet, rat mong ban doc quan tam cho kien dnh gi, nhan xt de
cuon sch ngy cng hon thien hon.
Chng toi xin chan thnh cam on./.

CAC TAC 0lA. CAC TAC 0lA. CAC TAC 0lA. CAC TAC 0lA.

H NI 2/2004.

Nguyn l ct & Dung cu ct
Bi m du

6

NGUYN LY CT & DUNG CU CT

BAI MO U
(0,5 tiet)

I) VI TR MON HOC:

Nguyen l cat & Dung cu cat l mon hoc duoc day vo phan dau trong khi
hoc chuyen mon cua he hoc sinh trung cap co kh. Mon hoc duoc giang day
sau khi d hoc xong mon hoc co so (v k thuat, dung sai, vat lieu., cc
kien thc cua mon hoc phuc vu cho cc mon do g, cong nghe che tao... v
phuc vu cho do n tot nghiep cua hoc sinh chuyen ngnh co kh he trung cap
cng nhu gip cc em lm quen dan vi cong viec sau ny .

II) TNH CHAT MON HOC:

Nguyen l cat got kim loai l mon hoc nghien cu nhng quy luat trong
viec gia cong kim loai bang cat got nham nang cao nang suat lao dong, mon
hoc nghien cu cc hien tuong, quy luat vat l xay ra trong qu trnh cat t
d xay dung cc khi niem, nguyen l dac trung cho cc phuong php gia
cong co kh.
Nguyen l cat got cn l mon hoc thuc hnh thong qua viec chon dao, chon
thong so cat, chon vat lieu gia cong., v mot so l luan duoc rt ra tren co
so thuc nghiem nham tnh ton che do cat toi uu trong gia cong co kh.

III) MUC CH MON HOC:

Mon hoc c tc dung boi dung cho hoc sinh nhng co so l luan ve cc
phuong php gia cong co kh, cung cap cho hoc sinh nhng l luan co ban ve
so cat got kim loai, nghien cu cc loai dung cu cat v chon duoc che do cat,
dao cat cho cc cong viec gia cong cu the, tren co so d de dam bao chat
luong be mat gia cong v nang cao nang suat lao dong, ha gi thnh san
pham.

IV) YEU CU MON HOC:

Thong qua cc bi giang l thuyet, hoc sinh c the nam vng cc hien
tuong vat l xay ra trong qu trnh cat nhu: bien dang, luc, nhiet, ma st.
xay ra trong qu trnh cat v cc nhan to anh huong den n, qua d hieu duoc
Bi m du

7
thong so cat o cc phuong php gia cong khc nhau v chon duoc thong so
cat bang ca hai phuong php: tnh ton v tra bang.
Qua ti lieu ny, hoc sinh nam vng ket cau dao: doc duoc ban v dao, chon
duoc gc do dao, biet cch mi dao, chon duoc vat lieu dao..., cng nhu su
dung dao cat hop l trong tng nguyen cong cu the ph hop vi yeu cauk
thuat v dieu kien co so.

1. Quan he voi cc mon hoc khc:

e tiep thu mon hoc, hoc sinh can nam vng cc mon hoc: ton, vat l, vat
lieu co kh, co k thuat, v, sc ben vat lieu, my cat de hieu cc nguyen l,
ban chat v tnh ton cc dai luong can thiet.
Mon nguyen l cat phuc vu cho cc mon hoc:
+ May ct: Cung cap cc so lieu de thiet ke cc co cau chap hnh
trong my.
+ Cong nghe che tao: Can c vo co so nguyen l cat de chon phuong php
gia cong v dinh quy trnh cong nghe.
+ Do ga: Tnh duoc tri so v phuong tc dung luc cat, luc kep.
+ Ihiet ke xuong: Tnh thi gian T gia cong, t d dnh so my, bo tr
my phuc vu cho gia cong co kh tren co so so luong chi tiet d biet.

2. Khi qut ve noi dung:

Chuong trnh mon hoc duoc thuc hien trong 45 tiet hoc v bao gom cc
chuong sau:
- Chuong 1 : \at lieu lm dao.
- Chuong 2 : Khai niem ve tien v dao tien.
- Chuong 3 : Qua trinh ct got kim loai.
- Chuong 4 : Luc ct khi tien.
- Chuong 5 : Ahiet ct v su mn dao.
- Chuong 6 : Ioc do ct cho php - Lua chon thong so ct.
- Chuong 7 : Bo v xoc.
- Chuong 8 : Khoan- Khot- Doa.
- Chuong 9 : Phay.
- Chuong 10: Iruot.
- Chuong 11: Mi.
Chuong I : Vt liu lm dao

8

CHUONG 1

Bi 1
VAT LIEU LAM DAO
(1,5 tiet)

1. Muc dch:

+ Cung cap cho hoc sinh biet cc loai vat lieu dng lm dao cat( phan cn v
lui cat).

2. Yeu cau:

+ Thong qua bi hoc, hoc sinh nam duoc tnh nang cua cc loai vat lieu lm dao
v chon duoc vat lieu lm dao hop l.

N DUNG

1.1. Vat lieu lm than dao

Qu trnh cat got than dao chiu tc dung cua cc luc co hoc, su bien dang than
dao anh huong ln den gc do dau dao do d than dao c yeu cau sau:
Than dao: bi luc cat gay uon, xoan, nn chu yeu l uon do d than dao
phai c kha nang chiu uon.
Khi kep do luc kep nen mat than dao bi bien dang do d than dao phai c
do cng be mat cao.
Do yeu cau tren nen chon than dao lm bang cc vat lieu tuy vo dieu kien k
thuat sau:
+ Khi be mat c yeu cau k thuat khong cao, su dung cc loai thp :
CT51, CT61, C35 (C5, C6, 35).
+ Khi be mat c yeu cau k thuat thong thung, su dung cc loai thp :
C40(40) ,C45(45).
+ Be mat c yeu cau chnh xc, tnh ben chi tiet cao, su dung cc loai thp:
35Cr (35X), 40Cr (40X).

1.2.Vat lieu lm phan cat got

1.2.1/ Dc diem

9
L phan vat lieu truc tiep cat got ra phoi nen anh huong truc tiep den nang suat
v chat luong be mat gia cong v vay vat lieu lm phan cat got c cc yeu cau sau
day:
- Do cung:
Muon cat duoc kim loai vat lieu dao phai c do cng cao hon vat lieu gia cong,
thong thung kim loai gia cong c do cng (200 240)HB, do d vat lieu phan
cat trung bnh ln hon 60 HRC.
- Cia cong vat lieu:
Thp cng, thp chiu nhiet, thp khong gi can dao cat c do cng65HRC.
- Do ben co hoc:
Trong khi cat dung cu cat thung chiu nhng luc, xung luc ln do d di hoi
tnh nang su dung tot can thp c
B
, a
K
cao .
- Iinh chiu cung nong:
Vat lieu bi nung nng do thung do cng giam di, tnh chiu cng nng l kha
nang gi do cng o nhiet do cao (khong c chuyen bien to chc ) trong mot thi
gian di.
- Iinh chiu mi mn:
Khi vat lieu dao du do ben co hoc th dang hong chu yeu l mi mn.
Khi do cng vat lieu lm dao cao th tnh chiu mi mn phai cao.
- Iinh cong nghe:
Xt t dieu kien lm viec,vat lieu lm dao c yeu cau de toi, do tham toi cao, do
deo o trang thi nguoi v nng, tnh de gia cong...,ngoi ra cn can them: tnh
dan nhiet cao, chong va cham, gi thnh thap.
1.2.2/ Cc loai vat lieu lm phan cat got:
Chia ra 2 nhm: Nhm thp v nhm khong thp
1.2.2.1 Ahom thp:
* Ahom thp gom cac vat lieu:
+Thp cc bon dung cu.
+Thp hop kim dung cu.
+Thp gi.
+Hop kim cng.
a) Ihp cac bon dung cu:
- ac diem:
+Ty le C trong thp cao(0,7% C).
+Hm luong P, S nho ( P < 0,03%, S 0,025% )
e gia cong bang cat v p luc thp can nhiet luyen:
Sau khi u do cng dat (107 217)HB .
Sau khi toi do cng dat (60 62)HRC.
Do do tham toi nho nen ngui ta khong che tao dung cu cat c kch thuc ln.
+Tnh chiu nhiet thap:

10
Khi nhiet do 200
0
C, do cng giam do d chi che tao dung cu cat toc do thap
khoang ( 4 5 )m/ph.
- K hieu:CDxx - (xx- theo tieu chuan C Lien xo c)
xx:Phan van Cacbon(TCVN)- Phan chuc cacbon ( tieu chuan C Lien xo c)

Bang thnh phan v tnh chat co l cua thp cc bon dung cu

Thnh phan ho hoc % Do cng
HRC
Si Cr Ni S P Sau
khi
toi
Mc
thp
C Mn
Hm luong khong qu()
Sau
khi
ram
Lnh vuc su dung
7
0.60-
0.74
0.25-
0.35
8
0.75-
0.85
0.25-
0.45
61-
63
9
0.86-
0.94
0.20-
0.30
Che tao ba, dao cat nguoi
, duc, mi tu . dao cat gia
cong g , dao chiu va dap .
y/cau do dai ln nhung y/c
do cng khong cao. Rieng
8 lm mi cao
10
0.95-
1.09
0.3
Che tao dao cat vat lieu
mem v toc do cat thap nhu
gia, mi khoan nho, mi
doa, ta ro, bn ren
11
1.05-
1.14
0.31
62-
64
12
1.10-
1.25
0.15-
0.25
13
1.26-
1.40
0.25-
0.35
0.3
0.2 0.25 0.03
0.
03
62-
65
60-
63
Che tao dao cat, da, dung
cu do, dung cu khac, khuon
ko day

C: 0,61,4: Mn: 0,150,45: Si: 0,3: Cr: 0,2: Ni: 0,25: S, P
: 0,03: HRC: 60 65.

b) Ihp hop kim dung cu:
- ac diem:
Hm luong cc bon cao 0,8%
Hm luong nguyen to hop kim t ( 0,5 3 )% , hm luong hop kim cho vo
khong cao d nham hai tc dung: tang do tham toi v tang tnh chiu nng.
K hieu: So + Nguyen to hop kim + So
C + Nguyen to hop kim + Ty le hop kim
- Cong dung:
Chia lm 4 nhm
+Nhm 1: Thnh phan hop kim < 1, chu yeu Cr (0,40,7).
X05 : (do cng 65HRC ): che tao dao cao.
85Xd: lm mi khoan gia cong g.

11
+Nhm 2: Luong Cr ( 11,5 ) tang do tham toi, tang tnh cat, v du nhu 9XC
che tao mi khoan, dao phay...
+Nhm 3: C cha Mn nen do tham toi cao, kch thuc t bien doi.
XI, XI: che tao dung cu chnh xc cao, hnh dang phc tap nhu mi doa, ta ro,
dao chuot, dung cu lan rang, dung cu do.
+Nhm 4: C do cng rat cao, do tham toi thap cha mot luong ln ccbit
olram(C) nho min che tao dung cu gia cong rat cng, can c lui sat rat sac
trong mot thi gian di .
* Bang gioi thieu thnh phan vi loai thp hop kim dung cu

Loai
thp
Thnh phan ho hoc o cng
Hm
luon
g
(%)
C Mn Si Cr W V Sau toi Sau ram
X
0.95-1.10 0.15-0.40 0.15-0.35 1.30-1.65
9XC 0.8-9.95 0.30-0.60 1.20-1.60 0.95-1.25
- -
62
XBC
0.95-1.05 0.60-0.90 0.65-1.00 0.60-1.10 0.70-1.00 0.05-0.15
62
62-65
XB
0.9-1.05 0.80-1.10 0.90-1.20 1.2-1.60 62 62-64
XB4 63 62-67
XB5
1.25-1.45 0.15-0.40
0.15-0.35
0.40-0.70 4.00-5.00
0.15-0.30
62 62-65

Ghi ch :
1: Ch ci hng ngang goc la tinh chi r nguyen to hop kim trong thnh phan
thp.
C: Cacbon: Mn: Manganese: Si Silic.
Cr: Croma: : onram: V: Vanadi.
2: Ch ci cot dau theo ch ci Nga , chi k hieu nguyen to hop kim theo tieu
chuan cua Lien xo c.
X: Crom: :Mangan:C: Silic: B: Voram: B4 v B5 chi 4-5 Vonram.

c) Ihp gio:
- Dc diem:
Lui dao cat lm t thp gi c hm luong cao (9 18) do d c tnh cat
tot, tuoi ben cao ( 815) lan so vi thp C hoac thp c hop kim dung cu. C the
lm viec duoc o 500
0
den 600
o
C vi toc do cat trung bnh ( 2535)m/ph. K hieu:
P xx Ch xx(tieu chuan cua Lien xo c )
W Hop kim

- Cong dung:

12
Loai P9, P18 duoc su dung rong ri che tao cc loai dao tien, phay, khoan, cat
rang
+ P9 : t , re hon, kh nhiet luyen v c nhieu tap chat hon so vi P18, tnh
nang cat got nhu nhau.
+ P18 : Che tao dung cu kch thuc mong, phc tap.
Loai lui dao c them thnh phan Vanadi, Coban nang cao do ben de chiu nhiet
( 600
0
C ) dng che tao dao khi gia cong tinh.
* Th du : Dao phay lan rang P182, P9K10...

* Bang gioi thieu thnh phan mot so loai thp gi :
Thnh phan
Mc thp
C(%) Cr(%) W(%) V(%) Co(%)
Thp nang suat thung
P18 0.7-0.8 3.8-4.4 17.5-19.0 1.0-1.4 -
P19 0.85-0.95 3.8-4.4 8.5-10.0 2.0-2.6 -
Thp c nang suat cao
P915
1.4-1.5 3.8-4.4 9-10.5 4.3-5.1
P1414
1.2-1.3 4.0-4.6 13.0-14.5 3.4-4.1
P182
0.85-0.95 3.8-4.4 17.5-19.0 1.8-2.4
P9K5 0.9-1.0 3.8-4.4 9.0-10.5 2.0-2.6 5.0-6.0
P9K10 0.9-1.0 3.8-4.4 9.0-10.5 2.0-2.6 9.5-10.5
P10K55
1.45-1.55 4.0-4.6 10.0-11.5 4.3-5.1 5.0-6.0
P18K52
0.85-0.95 3.8-4.4 17.5-19.0 1.8-2.4 5.0-6.0
Cc nguyen to c lan trong tap chat neu tren goi l tap chat , duoc han che
Mn<0.4 : Si<0.4:Mo<0.5: Ni<0.4: P<0.03: S<0.03 .
d) Hop kim cung:
- ac diem:
Hop kim cng duoc che tao bang phuong php luyen kim bot t cc bot Cc bt
nhu: C(Cacbit onram), TiC(Cacbit Titan), TaC(Cacbit Tantan) v p dui p
suat 100 140 MN/mm
2
, t
0
1400 1500
0
, loai ny c the lm viec o t
0
(800
1000)
0
C , van toc cat 1000m/ph .
- K hieu: ( thung o Viet nam van luu hnh cch goi theo tieu chuan Lien xo c
-CT).
Chia lm 3 nhm
+ Nhm 1 cc bt: K hieu BK x
Co Cn lai C
+Nhm 2 cc bt: K hieu T xx K xx
TiC Co, Cn lai C.

+Nhm 3 cc bt: K hieu TT xx K xx

13
Tic+Tac Co cn lai WC.
Th du: BK8, T15K6, TT7K12. T5K12B.
* Cong dung:
Ahom BK: o cng thap hon nhm TK, chiu t
o
km hon dng de che tao lui
dao cat gia cong gang v kim loai mu.
Ahom IK: Chiu nng cao hon dng che tao lui dao cat gia cong thp.
Ahom IIK: C do ben v tnh chong mn nam gia thp gi v hop kim cng
thung duoc dng gia cong cc loai vat lieu cng, c sc ben cao.
Trong mot so nam gan day de tang do cng, tnh chiu mi mn cua hop kim
cng ngui ta thung phu len manh hop kim cng nhng lp TiC, TiN chieu day
( 315 )m.
* Bang so snh dao cat theo tieu chuan Lien xo cu v ISO

Nhm theo ISO
K P M
Nhan hieu Mc Mc
ISO
OCT
ISO
OCT
ISO
OCT
K01 BK2,BK3,
BK3M
P01 T30K4 M01 BK6M
K10 TT8K6:
BK6M
P10 T15K6 M10 TT10K8,
TT18K6
K20 BK6 P20 TT12K8 M20 TT10K8B
- - P25 T14K8 - -
K30 BK4:BK6 P30 TT20K9 M30 TT10K8B
K40 BK8 P40 T5K10 M40 BK10M
K50 BK10 - TT7K12:
T5K12B
M50 BK15M

2.2.2.2 Ahom khong thp:
- Gom c :
Vat lieu s
Vat lieu tong hop
a) \at lieu su:
- Cau tao:
at st k thuat (yl
2
3
trong luong rieng 3.65 g/ mm
3
v ol
2
3
trong luong
rieng 3.96 g/ mm
3
).
- Phuong phap che tao:
Nung dat st k thuat o t
o
1400
o
+1600
o
C, nghien nho hat kch thuc 1m sau
d p thnh lui dao cat, dem thieu ket.

14
- Ky hieu:
Vat lieu s thung dng l HM 332, do cng (92 95) HR, chiu nhiet 1200
0
C,
B 350 400MH/n
2
, n 1000 MN/n
2
, do dan nhiet 0,012 cal/cmSec -
0
C.
- Cong dung:
Do n qu thap vat lieu s chi de che tao dao gia cong bn tinh v gia cong tinh
khi khong c va cham v rung dong.
* Bang thnh phan hop kim cng v tnh chat co l

Thnh phan
ho hoc (%)
Tnh chat
vat l
Nhm
ISO
Loai
HKC
Mc
HKC
WC TiC TaC Co uon
(Mpa)
o
cng
HRA
Linh vuc ng
dung
BK2 98 2 1000 90
BK3 97 3 1000 89
BK3M 97 3 1100 91
BK4 96 4 1350 89,5
BK6 94 6 1450 88,5
BK6B 94 6 1500 87,5
BK8 92 8 1600 87,5
BK10 90 10 1600 87
BK15 85 15 1800 86
BK20 80 20 1900 84,5
K
Nhm
mot
Cacbit
BK25 75 25 2000 83
Dng lm dao
g/cong gang cc
loai, KL v hop
kim mu, VL phi
kim.
Ghi ch : Ch B o
cuoi chi hat to,
ch M o cuoi chi
hat min.
T30K4 66 30 4 900 92
T15K6 79 15 6 1150 90
T14K8 78 14 8 1250 89,5
T5K10 85 6 9 1350 88,5
P
Hai
Cacbit
WC+TiC
T5K12
B
83 5

12 1600 87
Dng gia cong
thp cc loai
TT7K1
2
81 4 3 12 1600 87 M
Ba
Cacbit
WC+Ti
C+ TaC
TT10K
8B
88 3 7 8 1400 89
Gia cong cc loai
thp c sc ben
cao

Trong bang tren , ch ci K, P, M l k hieu ten nhm hop kim cng theo he
thong tieu chuan quoc te S.
- p dung :
K : Gia cong gang, kim loai mau , vat lieu cat cho phoi gy, vun v.v..
P : gia cong thp vat lieu phoi chnh
M : gia cong vat lieu kh gia cong

b) Kim cuong:

15
Gom 2 loai:
- Kim cuong thien nhien.
- Kim cuong nhan tao: tong hop t grapht o p suat cao ( 100.000 atm )
t
0
cao 2500
0
C , do cng kim cuong nhan tao gap 5 6 lan do cng cua hop
kim cng .
* Tnh chat:
o cng kim cuong cao, do chiu mn ln gap 10 lan so vi hop kim cng, chiu
duoc t
o
10 000
c
C
Nhuoc diem: gin, kha nang chiu nhiet thap.
* Cong dung:
Chu yeu dng che tao d mi
Dao cat kim cuong ( tien ) dng de gia cong tinh hop kim cng, kim loai mu,
vat lieu phi kim loai toc do cao.
d) Aitrit Bo lap phuong:
( Cn goi l: l - bo hay Bo - ra - on )
* Tnh chat: tuong tu kim cuong nhung do chiu nhiet cao hon, t
o
lm viec
c the chiu 2000
o
C
So snh toc do cat got cua cc loai vat lieu lm phan cat got ta thay
Neu dao c lui cat bang thp cc bon dung cu van toc l 1
th V thp gi 4
V hop kim cng 1 cc bt 36
V hop kim cng 2 cc bt 60
V Vat lieu s 110

CU HOI ON TAP CHUONG 1
1. Hy trinh by vi tri mon hoc, tinh chat, yeu cau mon hoc nguyen ly ct, dung
cu ct.
2. Aeu cac loai vat lieu lm than dao. Cac loai vat lieu lm than dao co tinh
chat, dc diem gi?
3. eu cau cua vat lieu lm lui ct, cac loai vat lieu lm lui ct thung dng?
4. So sanh cac loai vat lieu thong dung lm lui ct.
Chuong 2 : Khi nim v tin v dao tin

16
CHUONG 2

Bi 2
KHI NIEM V TIEN VA DAO TIEN
(5 tiet )

1. Muc dch:

+ Gii thieu ve dao, thong so cat, nhng thnh phan co ban ve gia cong cat
got bang phuong php tien.

2. Yeu cau:

+ V duoc cc gc dao.
+ Hieu duoc che do cat.
+ Tnh duoc thi gian gia cong.

N DUNG:

Tien l mot phuong php gia cong pho bien, dng vai tr quan trong trong cc
phan xuong co kh v ty le my tien chiem ty le (50 60 ) tong so my cat kim
loai. Phuong php tien l phuong php gia cong dien hnh d duoc nghien cu
hon chinh de van dung cho cc phuong php gia cong khc.

2.1 Khi niem ve phuong php tien
2.1.1/ Khi niem v tien:

Phuong php tien dng de gia cong cc mat tru trn xoay (trong v ngoi) cc
mat dinh hnh tiet dien trn, gia cong ren cc loai, vi phuong php tien do
chnh xc be mat chi tiet c the dat ti cap 2 khi tien nhn, do bng c the dat
cap nhm be mat68 c, cap chnh xc T8, T6 (
Rz10
,
Rz3,2
,
2,5
,
0,63

mi.

e thong nhat cch k hieu, chng ta s nghien cu theo tieu chuan mi tren co
so so snh vi cc k hieu tieu chuan c.

2.1.2/ Cc chuyen dong co ban cua my tien :

- Chuyen dong chnh : Chuyen dong xoay trn cua mam cap (v
c
).

- Chuyen dong tien: L chuyen dong cua bn dao gom :
+ Chuyen dong doc Sd ( chuyen dong doc theo dung tam chi tiet gia cong ).

17
+ Chuyen dong ngang Sn (chuyen dong vi dung tam chi tiet gia cong).

2.1.3/ Cc yeu to cat khi tien:
D
d
t
b
S
a
Sd
Sn
n
Vs
Vb V
Vb
Vs
V
S

H2.1: Cac yeu to khi tien

2.1.3.1 Ioc do ct v:
Toc do cat v l khoang dich chuyen tuong doi cua lui cat doi vi be mat chi tiet
gia cong trong mot don vi thi gian, ni cch khc l khoang dich chuyen tuong
doi gia dao v vat theo hung chuyen dong chnh trong don vi thi gian.
on vi : v (m/pht).
Theo dinh ngha th:
s V b V V + =
v
b
: Vecto van toc chuyen dong chnh
v
s
: Vecto van tc chuyen dong tien
Nhung thuc te V
S
qu nho nen ta coi nhu v = v
B
t v ta tnh duoc so
v
1000
Dn
(m/ph)
n: Vng quay chuyen dong chnh (v/ph)
D: ung knh ln nhat cua chi tiet truc gia cong(mm)
2.1.3.2 Buoc tien S:
L khoang dich chuyen tuong doi gia dao v vat sau mot vng quay theo
hung tien dao.
on vi: S mm/v
2.1.3.3 Chieu sau ct t:
L khoang cch gia be mat d gia cong v be mat chua gia cong.
t ) (
2
mm
d D

D: ung knh chi tiet truc khi gia cong.

18
d: ung knh chi tiet sau gia cong.
Tap hop cc yeu to: v, S, t goi l che do cat.
2.1.3.4 Dien tich lop ct:
Dien tch cat duoc xc dinh tren mat phng cha lui cat chnh cat qua vng cat
got khi lui cat song song vi mat phng ngang ( 1- 0 ) the hien tren hnh v
H2.1.
Dien tch d tnh nhu sau:
F
C
= S*t = a*b (mm
2
)
Trong d:
- b: chieu rong cat ( chieu rong b chnh l chieu di lui dao lm viec).
b
sin
t

- a: Chieu dy lp cat l khoang cch gia hai vi tr lui dao cat khi dao thuc hien
1 buc S
a S sin .
2.1.3.3 Ihi gian chay may:
Thi gian chay my l mot thnh phan chnh cua thi gian gia cong mot chi tiet
(viet tat) Tm cn goi l thi gian dao thuc hien gia cong phoi.

Thi gian chay my tnh nhu sau:
Im i
s
L
.

Trong d:
: Khoang chay ti t.cotg
y: Khoang chay qu y t.tg
1
i : so lt cat
H2.2: So do tinh thi gian chay may
L : Chieu di hnh trinh L = l + i( +y)
Ch : Khi tien ngang :
t =
2
Do D

2.1.4/ Hnh dng ket cau dao tien

L
y
l
t

19
H2.3 : Ket cau dao tien

2.1.4.1 Cc bo phan cua dao tien:
Dao tien chia lm hai phan: Phan lm viec v than dao.
a)Phan lm viec:
Phan lm viec ( phan cat ) do cc mat sau tao nen:
* Mat truc: L mat theo d phoi thot ra trong qu trnh cat, l mat luon
tiep xc vi phoi trong qa trnh cat got.
* Mat sau chnh: Mat dao doi dien vi be mat dang gia cong cua chi tiet.
* Mat sau phu : Mat dao doi dien vi be mat d gia cong cua chi tiet.

Ch : Mt sau v mt truoc khong nhat thiet l mt phng, no co the l mt
cong hoc gap khuc tuy theo yeu cau qua trinh ct.
Giao tuyen cc mat phng tao ra cc lui cat cua dao, ta c:
* Lui cat chnh: Giao tuyen mat truc v mat sau chnh c nhiem vu cat
chu yeu trong qu trnh cat got.
* Lui cat phu: Giao tuyen cua mat truc v mat sau phu.
* Mi dao: l phan noi tiep gia lui cat chnh v lui cat phu.
Mi dao c the nhon r 0, hoac c bn knh r ( 0,1 2) mm.
b) Ihan dao
e thong nhat cch nhan ra cc gc cua dao v su anh huong cua chng ti qu
trnh cat ta can biet cc mat phng c lien quan ti qu trnh cat.
* Mat phng cat: ( Mat cat ) l mat phng tao thnh boi lui cat chnh v
vcto toc do cat tai diem xt cua lui cat.
Neu lui cat chnh cong mat cat tao boi dung tiep tuyen vi lui cat chnh tai
diem dang xt vi vcto toc do tai diem d cng cong.

h
phan than dao
P
han
lm
viec l
lui cat phu
lui cat ch nh
mi dao
mat sau phu
mat truc
mat sau ch nh

20
Mat dy
Mat cat
9
0

H2.4: Cac mt lm viec dao tien

* Mat dy: L mat phng vuong vi vcto toc do cat ( tai diem xt ) do d
mat dy luon vuong gc vi mat cat.
Dao bo, dao tien mat dy song song vi mat ty cua than dao.
* Tiet dien chnh: L mat phng vuong gc vi hnh chieu lui cat chnh
tren mat dy.
* Tiet dien phu: L mat phng vuong gc vi hnh chieu cua lui cat phu
tren mat dy.
2.1.4.2 Cc gc cua dao:
a) Cac goc cua lui dao
Cc gc cua lui dao duoc xc dinh tren mat phng dy ( mat phng co ban )
bang cc vet cua mat phng chieu len n:.
Xc dinh cc gc ,
1
,
Mat dy

H2.5: Cac goc dao
: Gc lech chnh l gc hop boi hnh chieu lui cat chnh tren mat dy v
hung tien cua dao.

21
1
: Gc lech phu l gc hop boi hnh chieu lui cat phu tren mat dy vi
hung tren dao, thuc te dao tien c 30
0
90
o

1
5
0
45
0
.

N-N
vet tiep dien chnh
vet tiep dien phu
N
N
N1
N1

N1-N1

H2.6 Cac goc dao bieu dien tren cac mt tiep xuc

d
d
h
X-X
X-X
X X
N
N

H2.7 : Cac goc lm viec cua dao
Coc lay tren mt phng tiet dien chinh : ta can xc dinh cc gc y, , ,
.

22
* Gc truc y ( gc thot ) : Gc gia mat truc v mat dy thong thung
y (6 20)
0

* Gc sau : gc gia mat cat v mat sau.
* Gc sac : gc gia mat truc v mat sau.
* Gc cat : gc gia mat truc v mat cat
Gc lay tren mat phng tiet dien phu ta duoc cc gc y
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
,
Trong d ta chi can luu
1
l

gc c anh huong den luc cat v chat luong be
mat thung
1
.
Coc lay tren mt phng ct ( mt ct )
V
9
0
>1
9
0
V
=1
9
0
<1
V

H2.8: Coc nang cua dao tien
Gc nang : L gc gc nghieng cua lui cat chnh hop boi lui cat chnh
vi mat dy di qua mi dao, quy uc neu:
Lui cat nam tren ( Gc (lui cat v vcto van toc) < 90
0
) 1.
Lui cat trng (Gc (lui cat v vcto van toc) 90
0
) 1.
Lui cat nam dui (Gc (lui cat v vcto van toc) 90
0
) < 1.
Gc thong thung (+15
0
) (-15
0
).
Coc lay tren mt phng doc v ngang truc dao:
Trong qu trnh che tao cng nhu mi sua dao do chuyen dong dieu chinh
cua my mi chuyen dng khi g dao ngui ta can biet cc gc khong tren
mat phng doc v ngang (truc dao) xx,yy.
Ta can xc dinh
d,
, y
d
,
n
.
, y
n
. Quan he gia gc , y tren mat phng chnh
vi mat phng doc v ngang nhu sau:
tg
d
= tgcos tgsin
tg
n
= tgsin tgcos
cotg
d
= cotgcos tgsin
cotg
n
= cotg sin tgcos
Dau tren ng vi gi tri 0, dau dui ng vi < 0
2.1.4.3 Su thay doi gc cua dao khi lm viec

23
a) Su thay doi goc cua dao do ga lp
* Do mi dao g khong ngang tam:
* Khi g dao thap hon tam

h
r
n n

H2.9: Irung hop ga dao thap hon tam
Khi g dao thap hon tam he mat phng (m cat, m dy) xoay di mot gc :
Sin (+)
r
h

h: do cao (thap) cua mi dao so vi tam my.
r : bn knh chi tiet gia cong (mm) do d cc gc c su thay doi nhu sau:
y
t
y - :
t
+ (y
t
,
t
: gc thuc).
Do truc dao khi g khong thng gc vi dung tam my:
1

+

1

H2.10: Irung hop truc ga dao khong thng goc voi dung tam may
* Khi dung tam dao khong vuong gc vi tam my th gc ,
1
c
su thay doi nhu sau:
t

Su thay doi buc dao cho gc tien:

24
Sd
t
Sn
t

H2.11 Irung hop dao tien ga cao hon tam
Khi dao lm viec mat gia cong l mat xoan do d mat cat nghieng di mot gc

Khi 90
0
th tg
HD
s
.
Neu 90
0
th tg tgsin
HD
s
sin tg.
Chuyen mo tiet dien doc sang tiet dien chnh p dung cong thc :
tg
n

sin
tg

Do d t sin
.
suy ra tg tg
n
sin) gc thuc lc ny s l y
t
y +

t
-
T nhng anh huong tren chng ta rt ra nhng ket luan sau:
* Khi gia cong tho luc cat ln dao chiu uon. Vay muon gc dao khong doi
ta g dao cao hon tam mot khoang:
h -
EJ
QI
3
3

: o vng(mm)
Q: Luc uon xien (KG) h: chieu cao dao chiu uon(mm)
: Momen qun tnh (mm
4
) : Modun dn hoi(KG/mm
2
)
* Khi gia cong tinh nen g bang tam hoac thap hon tam de trnh sai hut
kch thuc lm anh huong ti do bng.
* Khi gia cong buc tien nhu gia cong ren can phai mi thot y v gc sac
b tr su anh huong cua gc .
* Khi tien dt S nho th nho nhung khi cat gan tam chi tiet D nho ln
khi > th s 0 nen mat sau dao d len be mat duoc gia cong lm chi
tiet gy truc khi dao cat ti tam chi tiet.



25

1
t
a) Dao tien dau thng
b) Dao tien dau cong c) Dao vai
=
4
5
d) Dao tien l suot e) Dao tien l kn

H2.12 Cac loai dao tien

Tuy theo dac tnh gia cong ta chia dao ra cc loai sau:
2.2.1/ Dao tien ngoi:
Dao tien ngoi gom c:
* Dao tien dau thng
* Dao tien dau cong
* Dao vai

Tren H2.12 trnh by cc loai dao tien, dao tien dau thng l loai dao thong
thung nhat dng de gia cong mat tru ngoi, hnh dng don gian de che tao, de
mi sua.
Dao tien dau cong cn goi l dao van nang c the gia cong mat ngoi v xn
mat, dau dao ny thung
1
45
0
. Tiet dien than dao thung vuong nen c
kha nang uon doc v ngang nhu nhau.
Dao vai cong dung chu yeu l de gia cong tru bac c gc 90
0
do dac diem
ny luc day dao P
0 nen cn de gia cong truc c ty so

D
L
5.
2.2.3/ Dao tien mat trong:
Dao tien mat trong gom c dao tien l suot v dao tien l kn
Dao c 2 phan: phan truc trn de giam bt dien tch lm tang kha nang gia
cong l nho chieu di phan trn phu thuoc vo chieu sau l, vay than dao yeu

26
nhat l ch nho, sau (dau dao c 90
0
khi tien l kn), c the tham khao hnh
v dui.

2.2.4/ Cc loai dao tien khc:

c) Dao tien dinh hnh b) Dao tien rnh
a) Dao tien cat dt

H2.13 Mot so loai dao tien dc biet

Dao tien rnh, tien cat, tien dinh hnh: cc loai ny c proin lui cat phu thuoc
vo proin chi tiet gia cong.
Dao tien cat rnh thong thung c P 90
0
, 2 gc
1
( 1-2)
0
do d dau dao
yeu.

CU HOI N TP CHUONG 2
1. Irinh by cac yeu to ct khi tien(v, S, t, F, I

m
).
2. Hinh dang, ket cau dao tien.
3. Cac goc lm viec cua dao.
4. Irong qua trinh tien can luu y nhng dc diem gi( ket luan rut ra t cac
trung hop ga lp dao v anh huong cua dao trong qua trinh tien)?
5. Cac loai dao tien v pham vi su dung cua tng dao?

CHUONG 3

Bi 3
QU TRNH CAT GOT KIM LOAI
(6tiet)

1. Muc dch :

+ Nghien cu cc hien tuong xay ra trong qu trnh cat v anh huong cua n.

2. Yeu cau :

+ Nam duoc cc hien tuong bien dang v cc nhan to anh huong.
+ Quan he gia bien dang v cc van de khc de de ra duoc bien php
khac phuc.

3.1 Su hnh thnh phoi v cc loai phoi
3.1.1 Su hnh thnh phoi :
+ Lp kim loai bi cat ra trong qu trnh gia cong co kh duoc goi l phoi.
+ Su tao thnh phoi chi pht sinh khi luc P du ln de tao ra trong lp cat mot
ng suat vuot qu gii han ben cua vat lieu gia cong.

P
0
B
C
D

a
a
a
1

H3.1 Mien tao phoi

Chuong 3 : Qu trinh ct got kim loai

28
Qua trinh hinh thnh phoi xay ra nhu sau :

Dao dui tc dung cua luc P di vo vat lieu gia cong , mat truc nn vat
lieu , neu dao tien them vat lieu gia cong pht sinh bien dang dn hoi roi mau
chng chuyen thnh bien dang deo, be day a ban dau suy bien thnh be day
a
1
, phoi

chuyen dong theo mat truc cua dao v chiu them mot bien dang phu
do ma st vi mat truc dao.
* Khi nghien cu to chc te vi khu vuc tao phoi chng to : Truc khi
thnh phoi lp kim loai bi cat qua mot giai doan bien dang khu vuc ny
goi l mien tao phoi ( )
- : dung pht sinh bien dang deo dau tien.
- : dung ket thc bien dang deo.
- , B , C , D , : l nhng mat truot , kim loai bi truot theo
mat d.
Trong qu trnh cat , vng tao phoi di chuyen theo dao. Vng ny rong
hay hep phu thuoc vo nhieu yeu to : vat lieu gia cong , hnh dang dung cu
cat , che do cat ... nhung chu yeu l toc do cat.
Toc do cat cng cao , mien tao phoi cng hep c the dan den vi phan tram
milimet v coi nhu xay ra tren mat phng nghieng vi phuong chuyen
dong dao mot gc , goi l gc truot : dac trung cho hung v gi tri bien
dang deo trong mien tao phoi.

tg cos/(k-sin)
3.1.2 Cc loai phoi
a. Phoi vun b. Phoi xep c. Phoi day

H3.2 Cac loai phoi
Tuy theo vat lieu gia cong , thong so hnh hoc cua dao v thong so cat , phoi
cat ra c the c nhieu dang khc nhau.
* Phoi xep : khi gia cong vat lieu deo ( nhom, dong thau... ) toc do cat
thap , chieu day cat ln , gc cat tuong doi ln. Phoi ko di tng doan
ngan mat doi dien vi mat truc bng , mat kia c nhieu gon nt , phoi c
dang tng dot xep thnh.
* Phoi day : thu duoc khi gia cong vat lieu deo khi toc do cat cao ,
chieu dy cat b , phoi ko di lien truc , mat cat doi dien mat truc dao
rat bng mat kia hoi bi gon Phoi bien dang t qu trnh cat de dng.

29
* Phoi vun : khi gia cong vat lieu gin ( gang , dong thau cng ). V
vat lieu gin khong qua giai doan bien dang deo, c he so lien ket k
km (nen dt khong truot ), do d do bng chi tiet khong cao.

3.2 Bien dang kim loai trong qu trnh cat.
3.2.1/ Bien dang bnh quan( BDBQ) v bien dang tong cong( BDTC)
Bien dang kim loai l nguon goc pht sinh ra cc hien tuong : luc , nhiet ,
ma st , ho long.... Nghien cu su bien dang tren dien tch cat, ta neu len
hai khi niem:
* Bien dang tong cong : Su bien dang ton bo hat tnh the kim loai tren
dien tch lp cat.
* Bien dang bnh quan : Su bien dang trung bnh cua lp cat ta coi l bien
dang lp kim loai cch lui cat mot doan a/2 .

So d c 2 khi niem tren v bien dang tren dien tch cat khong deu gan
lui cat th kim loai bi bien dang nhieu hon. T khi niem tren ta c:
BDTCBDBQ.
cat

b
t
a
S

H3.3 Dien tich lop ct
Nhan xt :
* Khi so sanh 2 qua trinh ct m S*t bng nhau ta co the so sanh bng
bien dang deo tong cong nhung khi S*t khac nhau phai so sanh bng bien
dang binh quan.
Mi loai bien dang dac trung cho mi hien tuong khc nhau.
Th du : BDTC dac trung cho su tieu hao cong suat cat got.
BDBQ dac trung cho hien tuong co rt phoi.....
3.2.2 Cc nhan to anh huong den bien dang : Su bien dang cua kim loai
phu thuoc vo nhieu yeu to vat lieu , luc cat , hnh dang dao , che do cat...


30
nh huong cua kim loai gia cong :
Vat lieu deo : neu B cao kh bien dang v nguoc lai
Vat lieu gin : do cng HB cao kh bien dang v nguoc lai
B: bieu hien sc lien ket mang kim loai , khi B hoi cao su lien ket chat
ch nen luc ln mi de bien dang chng.

3.2.2.2 Che do ct ( v,S,t ):
* Anh huong cua t : khi t bien doi th b thay doi , a khong doi do d BDTC
thay doi
* Anh huong cua S : khi S tang th b cost , a tang BDTC tang t ,
BDBQ giam v nguoc lai.
* Anh huong cua v : khi tang v th c cos St nhung nhiet cat tang
lm bien dang thay doi nhu sau :
v tang t 0 den 50 m/pht nhiet tang , he so ma st tang luc can cat got
tang b dang tang.
v 50 m/pht lp phoi tiep xc mat truc chay ra tao ra lp ben tren
th ma st giam do d bien dang giam.
3.2.2.3 Hinh dang hinh hoc cua dao :
* Gc thot : khi tang gc cat giam , su chn p kim loai trong
khi cat t , phoi thot de bien dang giam.
* Gc st : ln ma st gia dao v chi tiet giam , bien dang giam
* Gc : khi tang th b giam v a tang ( v bt/sin v as.sin),
do d bien dang thay doi theo hm sin nhung ni chung tang bien dang
giam
* Bn knh mi dao : khi tang r bn knh mi dao bien dang tang.
Ngoi cc yeu to ke tren cn can ke den l dung dich tui : dung dich
tui thung l giam nhiet v boi tron do d bien dang giam .

3.3 Cc bieu hien cua bien dang kim loai

Phan ny nghien cu mot so dac trung cho bien dang, d l co so de xc
dinh cc nguyen nhan can tro qu trnh cat got v c bien php khac phuc.
3.3.1/ Hien tuong co phoi :
3 .3.1.1 Hien tuong :
Dui tc dung cua luc cat phan kim loai chiu bien dang deo mang tinh the
xo lech v truot len nhau theo phuong luc tc dung lm cho chieu di phoi co
lai , chieu dy phoi ln len hien tuong d goi l co phoi. Neu cho rang the
tch khoi kim loai truc v sau bien dang khong doi v b b th ta c :


31
KL/L
1
a
1
/a
/

K : he so co phoi.
L , a : chieu di , chieu day lp kim loai can
cat
L1 , a : chieu di , chieu day phoi.
Phuong php xc dinh he so co phoi : duoc
xc dinh bang 2 phuong php.

H3.4 Hien tuong co phoi
* Truc tiep : do truc tiep chieu di day phoi cat ra bang dung cu do
chieu di hoac bang knh hien vi.
* Gin tiep : do chieu di phoi v can trong luong phoi ( p dung phoi
di t 5 10 mm ).
K
/
|
|
.
|
\
|
=
St L
m
t S
L
1 0
1

Trong d :
m : khoi luong phoi.
: khoi luong rieng.
S, t : buc tien dao v chieu sau cat.
L
1
: chieu di cat phoi.
3.3.1.2 Ahan xt :
* Khi K tang dan den bien dang bnh quan tang v nguoc lai
* K c the ln hoac nho hon don vi
V du :
Hop kim Titan BT2 :
- v 5m/pht K 1,6
- v 35 50 m/pht K 1
- v 100 m/pht K 0,8
* Cc nhan to lm bien dang bnh quan tang lm cho K tang.
* Ngui ta chng minh duoc bien dang deo s cuc tieu khi K 1.
3.3.2/ Hien tuong leo dao ( phoi bm ) :
3.3.2.1 Hien tuong : Khi cat phoi day tren mat truc dao ke ngay lui cat
thung xuat hien nhng lp kim loai c cau tao te vi khc vi vat lieu gia
cong v dao. Neu lp kim loai ny bm chac vo dao th goi l leo dao.
Do bien dang ln do cng leo dao 2,5 3,5 lan do cng vat lieu gia cong.

L
a
L
1
a
1

32

h
h
loai 2
loai 1
h
loai 1
loai 2

H3.5 Cac loai leo dao
3.3.2.2 Cac loai leo dao : Nhieu cong trnh nghien cu cho thay c 2 loai leo
dao
* Leo dao on dinh : nam doc theo lui cat trong suot qu trnh cat ,
loai ny gom mot so lp song song vi mat truc hnh thnh khi cat thp
vi chieu dy b.
* Leo dao chu ky : gom hai phan, phan nen st vi mat truc cua
dao ( l leo dao loai 1 ) , tren nen l phan th 2 goi l phan li sinh ra v
mat di nhieu lan trong mot don vi thi gian. Su xuat hien leo dao lm cho
gc cat dao trong khi cat luon luon thay doi.
Th du : Thuc nghiem khi cat thp 45 bang dao thp gi( khong tui nguoi)
chieu cao cua leo dao bang 90,7 m .
3.3.2.3 Ciai thich :

ieu kien hnh thnh v mat di cua
leo dao c the giai thch bang hnh v
sau .
Trong d :
T
luc ma st gia phoi v mat truc

dao.
S
luc thot phoi.

Q
luc ma st trong noi bo kim loai bi

cat.

H3.6 Cac luc tac dung trong hien tuong leo dao
Do mat truc chiu p luc ln v do mat truc khong tuyet doi nhn nen lp
kim loai nam st mat truc c toc do di chuyen cham trong dieu kien khi
thang luc ma st trong noi bo kim loai s nam o mat truc dao tao thnh leo
dao khi T
+ Q
hnh thnh leo dao. Khi chieu cao h ln dan sc bm leo

S
S1
T
Q

33
dao giam T
< S
+ Q
lap tc leo dao bi ph huy ( cuon theo phoi ) qu trnh lai

lap lai.
3.3.2.3 nh huong cua leo dao :
* Khi gia cong tho hien tuong leo dao c loi v n lm tang gc truc ,
phoi thot de , ngoi ra n bao ve lui cat.
* Khi gia cong tinh ta khong muon c leo dao v n lm hut kch thuc
v lm giam chat luong be mat gia cong , gay rung dong khi cat got.
3.3.2.4 Cach khc phuc leo dao :
* Dng bien php giam ma st gia phoi v mat truc dao, tang gc
truc , mi bng mat truc , dng dung dich tui nguoi....
* V toc do cat l nhan to anh huong nhieu den leo dao ta su dung toc
do ngoi vng leo dao nhu sau :
Gia cong kim loai do cng trung bnh v 60 70 m/ph
Gia cong nhom v 250 300 m/ph
3.3.3/ Su ho cng :
3.3.3.1 Hien tuong : Do lp kim loai tiep xc vi dao bi bien dang, mang
tinh the kim loai bi xo lech di lm do cng tang len goi l su ho cng. Chieu
sau ho cng c the ti 2 mm v do cng c the tang ti 3 4 lan.
3.3.3.2 Aguyen nhan: Ho cng l mot bieu hien cua bien dang deo v vay
nhan to no lm bien dang tang th ho cng nhieu.
Th du : khi dao bi mn bn knh cong hon lui cat tang do d bien dang deo
tang.

3.4 Cc hien tuong xay ra trong qu trnh cat

3.4.1/ Hien tuong rung dong :
Trong qu trnh cat got luon luon pht sinh ra rung dong , lm anh huong
den chat luong gia cong , de gay mi dao.
C 2 loai rung dong : rung dong tu rung v rung dong cung bc ( cn goi
l rung dong tu chan v ngoai chan ).
3.4.1.1 Rung dong cung buc: sinh ra do cc nguyen nhan sau :
* Luc cat got khong deu do thuc hien cat got gin doan nen luong du
gia cong khong deu.
* Luc ly tam do cc bo phan quay khong can bang ( mat can bang
dong) gay nen.
* Rung dong do cc my ben ngoi tc dong.
Khac phuc rung dong cung bc : tang do cng vng my , dao , do g ,
nang cao do chnh xc khi che tao phoi, dat nhng my khi lm viec c do
rung dong ln : dap , dot , rn... xa nhng my lm viec chnh xc.
3.4.1.2 Rung dong tu phat : sinh ra do cc nguyen nhan sau

34
* Luc ma st gia phoi v dao bien doi ( trong khi cat phoi vun , phoi ri ).
* Su ho cng khong deu.
* Su thay doi do cao h cua leo dao.
Cc nguyen nhan tren hnh thnh trong khi tao phoi n chi c the khac phuc
giam bt khong the loai tr hon ton.
3.4.2/ Chat luong b mat gia cong :
Chat luong be mat gia cong cua chi tiet duoc dnh gi bang 2 yeu to :
* Co l tnh lp be mat.
* o bng lp be mat gia cong.
Phan ny ta nghien cu ve do bng be mat gia cong v n bieu hien r ret
nhat su anh huong cua viec chon dao , che do cat ti chat luong be mat gia
cong.
Ngui ta chia vo cc chi tieu Ra ( do cao trung bnh so hoc ) R ( do cao
nhap nho ) chia do nhn ra 14 cap 1 14 theo tieu chuan c v cap
chnh xc T gom 20 cap( T01, T0, T1....T18).
nh huong cua do bong be mt toi tinh nng lm viec cua chi tiet :
* Tai dinh loi lm gay ng suat tap trung tai d neu de ban v am ut gay
an mn kim loai.
* oi vi moi ghp : do nhap nho de bi nn lm thay doi dac tnh moi
ghp.
Ahng nguyen nhan chu yeu v bien phap khc phuc :
ieu kien gia cong :
* Vat lieu gia cong qu mem de hnh thnh leo dao , gay rung dong , do
bng giam.
* Vat lieu gin : phoi vun , luc cat thay doi gay rung dong do bng giam.
3.4.2.1 nh huong che do ct :
Truc het ta tnh chieu cao vet rang luoc de lai tren chi tiet do qu trnh gia
cong
Khi r 0
CHS
2
/8r
B
C
H
H
C r
1

1
S


35

H3.7 Iinh do nham khi gia cong

Ahan xt : Muon giam chieu cao nhap nho ta c the giam S , , 1, v r
nhung ch rang :
- Giam S anh huong den nang xuat chi tang khi cc yeu to khc d giai
quyet.
- Giam , 1, th luc Py tang phu thuoc he thong my dao c cng
vng khong.
- Tang r doi vi dao hop kim mi r l kh khan do vay ngui ta c the
thay bang lui cat noi tiep c 0 0 c ( 1 2 ) mm.

3.4.2.2 Mot so thong so khac :
1
V
2
V V (60 70)
3
V100
m/pht
h
h
20 40 80 60 100 120
20
40
60
80
100
m
=90
60
45

H3.8 Cac thong so anh huong den do bong
- Toc do cat : trong cc nhan to che do cat th toc do c anh huong ln nhat
den do bng.
* Vat lieu deo : khi toc do cat ngoi vng hnh thnh leo dao bien dang khi
cat giam t rung dong do bng tang (v 60 70 m/pht).
* Vat lieu gin : o toc do thap phoi dt theo bien gii han tinh the do bng
thap , o toc do cao tinh the bi cat ngang nen nhap nho be mat giam.
* Gc sau : khi tang , dien tch tiep xc dao v chi tiet giam , ma st
giam , do bng tang.
* Gc cat : giam gc cat ( tang ) thot phoi de hon , phoi t bien dang ,
do bng tang.
* Dung dich tron nguoi : l mot nhan to anh huong ln den do bng , chon
duoc dung dich tron nguoi thch hop trong cng mot dieu kien gia cong
nang cao do bng len mot cap.
3.5 Dung dich tron nguoi (tuoi nguoi)
3.5.1/ Tc dung cua dung dich tui trong qu trnh cat :
* Dung dich tui trong qu trnh cat lm giam nhiet do khu vuc cat
lm tang duoc toc do cat , dao ben hon , do bng tang.

36
* Nang cao duoc do chnh xc kch thuc ( chi tiet v dao khong gin
no v nhiet ).
* Boi tron ma st do d giam cong suat cat.
* Trong dieu kien c boi tron qu trnh cat c the chuyen t phoi ri ,
xep sang phoi day.
3.5.2/ Yeu cau co ban cua dung dich tui :
* Thu nhiet tot vi toc do lm nguoi cao.
* Phai c tnh boi tron c loi cho viec nang cao nang suat , do bng be mat.
* Phai c tnh on dinh ho hoc , khong tc dung ho hoc vi chat khc ,
oxy ho khong gay bien chat.
* Khong c axt , kiem manh lm gi my v hong do cong nhan.
* Khong c mi kh chiu , khong doc lm hai sc khoe cong nhan. Hien
nay dung dich tui dang dng van cn nhuoc diem mi hang kh ngui ,
c hoat tnh lm gi my.
3.5.3/ Mot so dung dich tui thong dung :
3.5.3.1 Auoc tuoi :
Thnh phan :
- Loai 1 : Nuc + ( 1 1,5 ) NaN
3
+ ( 0,4 0,6 ) Na
2
C
3
.
- Loai 2 : Nuc + ( 0,25 0,3 )NaN
3
+ (1 1,5 ) Na
2
C
3
.

Su c mat NaN
3
, Na
2
C
3
lm mem nuc , tang tnh boi tron.
* Pha che : Pha Na
2
C
3
vi H
2
o 38
0
C sau d do them NaN
3
de 12 gi
sau d dem loc v su dung.
* u diem : re tien de pha che , lm nguoi tot , khong gi , de bao quan.
3.5.3.2 Dau ho tan nh tuong ( munxi )
* Thnh phan : Nuc x phng + axt hu co + con. Dung dich ny mu
sa , mi hang , tnh luu ho cao , neu them vo dung dich 1 luong luu
huynh ta duoc dau ho tan c hoat tnh cao.
* Cong dung : o nuc ta nh my co kh H Noi su dung loai nuc boi tron
sau
- Khi mi : 5 emunxi + 3 CaC
3
+ 2 Na2N3 + H2
- Khi tien phay : 3 emunxi + 3 CaC
3
+ 0,3 Na2N3 +
H2.
Khi gia cong tren my chnh xc pha them dau chay my , hoac nhua thong
chong gi.
3.5.3.3 Dau tuoi :
- Thnh phan bao gom cc loai dau khong vat , dau hn hop , dau thuc vat ,
dau dong vat.
+ Loai 1 : 20 m lon + 2 luu huynh ( bot ) + 39 dau hoa , 39 dau my
so 10.

37
+ Loai 2 : 20 dau my den + 2 luu huynh ( bot ) + 39 dau hoa , 39
dau my so 10.
Tc dung : chu yeu l boi tron , ht nhiet v tham nhap km , thung dng
khi gia cong tinh.
3.5.4/ Phuong php tui dung dich :
3.5.4.1 eu cau khi tuoi :
* Tui dng vo vng can tui.
* u luc luong can thiet.
* Khong anh huong den cong nhan san xuat.
S
(a) (b) (c)
(d)

H3.9 Cac phuong phap tuoi nguoi
3.5.4.2 Cac phuong phap tuoi nguoi :

* Khi tien : khi tien thong dung l tui t tren xuong viec tui don gian
nhung can luu luong ln mi dam bao yeu cau can thiet ( hnh a ). Khi
gia cong kim loai cng ngui ta dng phuong php tui t dui len
phuong php ny uu diem l tui truc tiep vo vng c nhiet do cao
nhung can dam bao kn trnh dung dich vang ra ngoi ( hnh b) ngoi ra
cn dng phuong php doi luu phuong php ny chu yeu lm nguoi dao
bao ve tot nhung che tao dao phc tap(hnh c).
* Khi phay : tui dung dich dat o pha dao di ra khoi cung tiep xc ( de
dao khoi bi tuot )(hnh d).
3.5.4.3 Luu luong tuoi :
Luu luong tui phu thuoc vo phuong php gia cong v tnh dung dich.
* Khi tien : tui nuc + dau ho tan ( 10 12 ) lt/pht.
* Khi phay : tui nuc , dau luu ho ( 10 20 ) lt/pht.
* Khi mi : tui H2, dau ho tan 20 lt/pht.
* Cat ren, cat bnh rang H20: dau luu ho ( 3 4 ) lt/pht.
* Chuot : dau luu ho ( 1 3 ) lt/pht.

3.5.5/ Nhung ch khi dng dung dich tui nguoi :
+ Chon dng dung dich can tui.
+ Kiem tra dung dich truc khi dng:

38
Kiem tra c nhieu bien php nhung chu yeu v don gian dng phenoltalein.
Kiem tra tnh an mn cua dung dich, nho phenol vo dung dich neu khong
xuat hien mu hong chng to dung dich c axt, ta cho them vo dung dich
mot t Na
2
N
3
de trung ho ( phai pha rieng o 38
o
C roi mi ho lan ) Mat
khc phai kiem tra neu dung dich phan lp th phai huy dung dich d bang
cch nho dung dich d len 1 tam kim loai neu sau ( 30 pht den 1 gi )
khong c vet o th dung dich d dng duoc ).
+ Luu luong tui va du.
+ Ch an ton lao dong.
+ ng ky han thay the dung dich.

CU HOI N TP CHUONG 3.

1. Ciai thich qua trinh hinh thnh tao phoi?
2. Co nhng loai phoi no, dc diem v cach thuc tao ra cac loai phoi
do?
3. Irinh by cac bieu hien bien dang cua kim loai (hien tuong co phoi,
leo dao) v cach khc phuc?
4. Cac hien tuong xay ra trong qua trinh ct?
5. Aeu yeu cau, dc diem cua dung dich tron nguoi, trinh by mot so
dung dich tron nguoi em biet?
Chuong 4: Luc ct khi tin

39

CHUONG 4

Bi 4
LUC CAT KHI TIEN
( 3 tiet)

1. Muc dch:

Nghien cu tc dung cua cc luc len dao cat, phoi, my.

2. Yeu cau:

- Tong hop v phan tch duoc luc cat.
- Nam duoc tc dung cua cc luc len dao cat, phoi, my.
- Nam duoc cc nhan to anh huong den luc cat v tnh duoc luc cat.

N DUNG

4.1 Khi niem

Muon thuc hien 1 qu trnh cat, dao nhan 1 cong do dong luc my cung cap,
nh dong luc ny dao tc dong v cat cc phan tha kim loai. Nguoc lai phan
luc cng s tc dung tro lai vo dao 1 luc bang luc tc dong t dao vo phoi
nhung nguoc chieu.
Dao muon cat got duoc khong nhng phai thang duoc luc lien ket trong noi
bo tinh the kim loai m cn thang duoc luc ma st, cong d dui dang luc goi
l luc cat, phan luc len dao goi l luc can cat got.
4.2 Phan tch v tong hop luc:

Q
1
Q
2
1
N
2
N
1
2
N
1
Q
1
1
2
N
2
2
Q
1
Q
Q
2
R

H4.1 Phan tich v tong hop luc

40
Khi cat, phoi tc dung len mat truc cua dao , phan tch luc bao gom luc
php tuyen
1
N
, luc ma st
1
F
, phan tch tuong tu mat sau c php tuyen

2
F
,
luc ma st
2
F
. Hop luc R
l tong hop cc luc cc luc len dao tien . e tien

nghien cu ngui ta thung phan luc tong hop luc R
theo cc hung tiep

tuyen, hung knh v nguoc vi hung chuyen dong chay dao.
Ta c:

X
P
: luc chay dao tc dung nguoc hung vi hung chay dao ( P

x
can de tnh
do ben chi tiet trong chuyen dong phu, do ben dao cat, cong suat co cau chay
dao).
Y
P
: luc hung knh nam trong mat phng nam ngang v vuong gc vi
dung tam chi tiet.
n
P
x
P
N
R
y
P

H4.2 Phan tich luc

Z
P
l luc tiep tuyen tc dung theo hung chuyen dong chnh, tren mat
phng thng dng v c tc dung can tro chuyen dong chnh.
Ta c vcto R
X
P
+
Y
P
+
Z
P
n
+P
.
o ln P
x
2 2 2
x
P
z y
P P + +
Khi cat bang dao tien
0 0 0
15 , 0 , 45 = = = ta c cc quan
he sau:
P
x
: P
y
: P

0,3: 0,4: 0,5. Thay vo ta c R
1.11,8 P
. Ta
c gc hop boi (P
, R) 25
0
40
0
. T d ta thay luc can
chnh
Z
P
khong nho hon luc tong hop bao nhieu, t d ta

chu yeu nghien cu luc cat l
Z
P
.
B
H

41

4.3 Tc dung len dao v phoi

4.3.1/ Tc dung cua phan luc len dao.
P
gay ra uon dao theo phuong thng dng da d muon dao lm viec ta phai
dam bao sao cho : [ ]
u
x
z
u
W
l P
=
Trong d
l: chieu di dao chiu uon.

x
: Modun chong uon, vi than dao c tiet dien hnh ch nhat
x
BH
2
/6.
than dao c tiet dien hnh trn
x
32 /
3
D (cm
3
).
P
y
l luc day dao ra khoi phoi gay nn lech tam dao nhung do nho nen ngui
ta thung bo qua .
P
x
gay uon dao theo phuong ngang .
4.3.2/ Tc dung cua cc phan luc len my:
Vi tc dung cua luc cat P
tao ra momen cat M

c
P
D/2, M
c
gay xoan truc
chnh, uon trong bnh rang my, muon cat got duoc M
c
[ ] Mt , [ ] Mt l
momen xoan ln nhat cho php m truc chiu duoc .
P
y
ket hop vi P
x
gay uon truc chnh v thong qua bn dao gay uon truc tron,
truc vt me.
P
x
gay nn truc chnh do d can
ch khi chon o lan truc chnh, P
x

gay can tro chuyen dong tien gay
uon cc chi tiet my, lm tang p
luc cua bn dao len rnh truot lm
mau mn rnh truot.
4.3.3 Tc dung len vat gia cong
Hop luc P,Py tao ra momen xoan
vat v uon vat: Q P P
Y Z

= +
H4.3 Luc tac dung cua dao vo phoi
Q: Gay ra sai so ve dung sinh lm cho chi tiet c hnh tang trong hoac loa
kn, day l sai so hnh hoc chi tiet gia cong, sai so d phai dam bao:

] [
.
.
3
f
ESJ m
L Q

Q
2 2
Px Py +
R
P
P
y
Q
l
n

42
Mam cap
Mi tam
Toc kep

H4.4 Cac trung hop tien ngoi

Trong d:

L: chieu di chiu uon (mm).
m: he so cng vng.
: modun dn hoi(KG/mm
2
).
Thp 2.10
3
KG/mm
2

Gang 8.10
3
KG/mm
2

: momen qun tnh 0,05 d
4
(mm
4
).
do vng cho php
Gia cong tho 0,20,4
Gia cong tinh 0,050,1
Neu khong dam bao dieu kien tren ta phai dng bien php tang cng vng
hoac thay doi che do cat ( giam t ).
Nhu tren ta d biet luc can cat got bieu thi mc do tieu hao cong suat do
dong luc my cung cap. Muon lm viec duoc th phai dam bao:
Ncg Nd
Trong d:
Ncg
1020 . 60
.V Pz
(K)
P : Luc cat (N)
v : Van toc (v/ph)
Nd: cong suat dong co(K)
: hieu suat my.

4.4 Cc nhan to anh huong toi luc cat

4.4.1/ \at lieu gia cong:
Tri so luc cat phu thuoc vo vat lieu gia cong vo co l tnh vat lieu, v du
nhu luc cat khi tien vat lieu deo ln hon khi tien vat lieu gin.
Thp c
B
75 KG/mm
2
, tien gang c do cng bang 190HB lm tieu
chuan. Khi cat vat lieu khc s dieu chinh bang cch nhan them he so K
VL
.

43
oi vi thp: K
VL
np B
)
75
(

oi vi gang: K
VL
np
HB
)
190
(

4.4.2/ Ioc do ct:
Neu tang toc do cat lc dau luc cat giam
mot cht v c xuat hien leo dao lm bien
dang giam, sau d bien dang tang len do ma
st lm tang leo dao, cuoi cng th bien
dang giam nen bien dang c bien doi nhu he
so co phoi.
4.4.3 Coc sau :
Neu cng ln th luc cat giam v ma st
dao chi tiet giam bien dang giam.

H4.5 Bieu do bieu thi su phu thuoc cua luc ct vo van toc ct.
4.4.4/ Coc truoc :
Neu gc truc ln phoi thot de hon, de gay bien dang lm giam luc cat,
qua thuc nghiem anh huong cua den Px, Py nhieu hon l P.
4.4.5/ Coc lech chinh :
Vi r 0, khi co dinh t v S, neu tang th chieu dy cat tang do d he so
co phoi giam dan den Px giam.
Neu r 0 th s 60
0
, P giam , neu tang 60
0
th P tang v khi 60
0

chieu di phan cong lui cat tang, bien dang tang P tang (so vi r0).
Qua thuc nghiem thay:
tang, Py giam, Px tang mat khc v Py P
N
cos, Px P
N
sin
4.4.6/ Coc nghieng phu
1
:
Gc nghieng phu
1
anh huong khong ln den luc cat,
1
tang th chieu di
doan cong lui cat phu tang, bien dang tang dan den luc cat tang.
4.4.7/ Ban kinh mi dao r:
Khi r tang lm Px, Py tang v bien dang tang Px giam do gc nghieng chnh
o phan cong lui cat giam.
4.4.8/ Coc nang
Neu \ thay doi t (-5
0
+5
0
) th hau nhu khong anh huong den luc cat. Neu
\ tang dan den he so co phoi tang, p luc phoi len mat dao tang lm he so ma
st tang dan den cc luc cat deu tang.
20 40 80 60
P
V(m/p)

44
4.4.9/ \at lieu lm dao:
Chu yeu anh huong cua ma st gia vat lieu dao v phoi. Neu quy uc luc
cat thp gi, hop kim cng BK l 100.
Cat bang dao TK, . l (9095)
Cat bang dao s . l (8890)
4.4.10/ Do mn dao h
s
:
o mn dao lm cho mat tiep xc vi cc mat lm viec, bn knh mi dao r
tang, giam o bo phan cat (,) lm bien dang tang, luc cat tang r ret
4.4.11/ Dung dich tuoi: tui dung dich lm ma st giam dan den luc cat giam.

Cong thc tong qut tnh luc cat:

Tong hop tat ca cc yeu to anh huong den luc cat o tren ta c cong thc thuc
nghiem de tnh P khi chon tien ngoi nhu sau:
Pz = C
Pz
.t
xpz
.S
ypz
.V
npz.
Kpz (KG)
Trong d:
Z
P
: Luc cat.
X
P
: Luc hung knh.

Y
P
: Luc doc truc.

Cp: he so tuy theo vat lieu gia cong (bang 17 trang 17 CCGCC)
t,S,v che do cat khi tien
- Xp, p, Np so m (bang 17 CCKGCC).
Kp he so hieu chinh phu thuoc vo cc yeu to anh huong den luc cat
- Kp K
m
.K
z. K
z. Krz.Kh
lan luot l he so hieu chinh ve vat lieu gia cong, gc truc, bn knh, mi
dao, do mn daoTra bang 18-19 (CCKGCC).Tuong tu nhu tren doi vi
P
y
,P
x
chi thay ch bang ch x,y.
4.5.1 Tnh cong suat cat:
Nhu tren biet luc can cat got bieu thi mc do tieu hao cong suat do dong luc
my cung cap-muon lm viec duoc th phai dam bao:
N
cg
s N
d
.
- Trong d: Ncg =
1020 . 60
.V Pz
(KW)
- on vi: P (N), V(v/ph)
Nd: Cong suat dong co.
: hieu suat my.
Ch : Irong khi tinh cong suat ta bo qua Px, Py vi qua nho so voi P: v coi
P: tieu hao cong suat may cung cap.
Ta cng bo qua cong suat chay dao trong cong thc:

45
Ns
1000 . 1020 . 60
. . s n Px
K , v Px qu nho.
4.5.2 Th du:

Ngui ta tien doc mot truc D
02 , 0
50
chieu di L300. Vat lieu thp

ccbon ket cau < 0,6 C khong vo cng
b
75KG/mm
2
, l phoi c dung
knh D
54 bang dao hop kim cng T5K10 c ket cau nhu sau: 20x30:
45
0
, 1 10
0
: -15
0
, \0. Qu trnh cat khong tui nguoi, tuoi ben trung
bnh cua dao T 50pht. Xc dinh che do cat khi gia cong tren my 162.
Chi tiet g tren hai mi chong tam.

Bi giai:
1- Chon chieu sau ct:
mm
D D
h
F
2
2
50 54
2
=
= <luong du nho nen c the chon mot lan cat l dat

kch thuc, vay t2mm
2- Buoc tien.
Tnh theo sc ben cn dao
S
t

[ ]
) / (
. . . . . 6
2
v mm
l K V t C
BH
Ypz
P
n x
P
u
z
z Pz
z

Dua vo sc ben vat lieu lm dao, vat lieu gia cong chon van toc so bo V
sb

190m/pht (Bang 35-1)
Theo so lieu ban dau BxH20x30:
u
20KG/mm
2
.
l1,5H1,5.3045(mm)
Theo bang:
(11-1): Cp300: Xp 1,0: p0,75: n
-0,15
(12-1): Kmp1,0
(15-1): K
p
1,0: K
p
1,25: K\
p
1. Vay K
p
1,25
Thay vo cong thc
S
2
8 , 4
25 , 1 . 190 . 2 . 300 . 45 . 6
20 . 30 . 20
75 , 0
15 , 0 1
2
=
(mm/v)
Tnh theo sc ben co cau chay dao:
S
2
p
px
n Xpx
px
K V t C
Pm
x
. . . 45 , 1

Theo my Pm350KG
Theo bang (11-1): Cp
x
339: p
x
0,5: Xp
x
1,0
(12-1): Kmp1,0
(15-1): K
px
1: K
px
2: K\x1. Vay Kpx2

46
Thay vo cong thc:
S
2
2 , 0
2 . 190 . 2 . 339 . 45 , 1
350
5 , 0
4 , 0 1
=
(mm/v)
Theo do chnh xc cua chi tiet gia cong:
S
3

[ ]
Ypz
n Xpz
Kpz V T Cpz L
f KEJ
z
. . . . 1 , 1
3

K48:2,1.10
4
: 0,05.D
4
: 0,01
S
3
3 , 0
25 , 1 . 190 . 2 . 300 . 300 . 1 , 1
01 , 0 . 50 . 05 , 0 10 . 1 , 2 . 48
75 , 0
15 , 0 1 3
4 4
=
(mm/v).
Chon SSmin0,2 mm/vng theo thuyet minh my chon S
M
0,2
3- \an toc ct:
Tnh theo cong thc: V Kv
S t T
Cv
Yv Xv m
. .
(m/ph)
Theo bang (1-1): Cv273: Xv0,15: v0,35: m0,2
(2-1): Kmv1,0
(7-1):Knv1,0
(8-1):Kuv1,0
(9-1):Kv1,0: K1v1,0: Kqv1
(10-1): Kov1,0 vay Kv1
Thay vo cong thc:
V 112 1 .
2 , 0 . 2 . 60
273
35 , 0 15 , 0 2 , 0
= (mm/ph)
So vng quay trong mot pht:
n 713
50 . 14 , 3
112 . 1000
.
. 1000
= =
D
V
(v/ph)
Van toc thuc khi cat: V 120
50 . 14 , 3
765 . 50 . 14 , 3
1000
. .
= =
n D
(m/ph)
4- Iinh luc ct:
Luc tiep tuyen: P Cp.t
Xp
.S
p
.V
n
.Kp(KG)
300.2
1
.0,2
0,75
.120
-0,15
.1,25107 (KG)
Luc hung knh Py Cpy.t
Xpy
S
ypy
.V
ny
.Kpy: KG
Theo bang (11-1): Cpy243: Xpy0,9: py0,6: n
y
-0,3
(12-1): Kmp1
(15-1): Kpy1: Kpy2: K\y1
Thay vo: Py243.2
0,9
.0,2
0,6
.120
-0,3
.2117 (KG)
Luc doc truc: Px Cpx.t
Xpx
.S
px
.V
nx
.Kpx ( KG)
339.2
1
.0,2
0,5
.120
-0,4
.289(KG)


47
5- Cong suat tieu thu khi ct.
Tnh theo cong thc:
N ( ) KW
V Pz
14 , 2
102 . 60
120 . 107
102 . 60
.
= =
So snh vi cong suat o bang, my lm viec dam bao an ton.

1. Irinh by cach phan tich luc ( trung hop tien ngoi)?

2. Cach tinh cong suat ct, luong chay dao theo suc ben than dao, suc
ben co cau may?
3. Cac nhan to anh huong den luc ct?
4. Cong thuc tinh toan luc ct v giai thich cac thong so km theo?
Chuong 5: Nhit ct v su mn dao

48

CHUONG 5

BAI 5
NHIET CAT VA SU MN DAO
( 2 tiet)

1. Muc dch:

+ Nghien cu tc dong cua nhiet ti dao v su mn cua dao.

2. Yeu cau :

+ Hieu duoc nguon goc cua su phan bo nhiet.
+ Nam duoc cc nhan to anh huong ti nhiet.
+ Nam duoc cc giai doan mn dao, cc tieu chuan mn dao.

N DUNG

Nguon goc pht sinh nhiet
5.1.1/ Ngun goc pht sinh nhiet:
Khi gia cong thp
o
o
Khi gia cong gang

H5.1 Cac trung hop phat sinh nhiet
* Trong qu trnh cat got kim loai c su chuyen ho cong sang nhiet cong do
my cung cap de:
+ Gay bien dang deo trong lp cat.
+ Thang luc ma st tren mat thot v mat st dao.
chnh l nguon goc chu yeu sinh ra nhiet cat.


49
5.1.2/ Cong thc tnh nhiet cat:

- T nhiet luong cat sinh ra, bang thuc nghiem ngui ta tnh ra cong thc:
Q =
E
V Pz.
( Kcal/ph)
+ Trong d:
- PV: cong cat got (KGm/ph)
- : duong luong cong cua nhiet 427 KGm/Kcal
+ Nhiet luong sinh ra trong vng cat got s truyen vo dao, phoi, chi tiet, v
khong kh do vay ta c:
Q
tc
Q
+ Q
v
+ Q
d
+ Q
kk

+ Q
tc
, Q
, Q
v
, Q
d
, Q
kk
: l nhiet luong tong cong, nhiet luong tan tren phoi, vat,
dao v khong kh.
- O day ta nghien cu nhiet tren dao ta thay:
+ Kim loai deo: Khi gia cong nhiet t vng cat got vo dao t ch tiep xc
gia phoi v mat truc.
+ Kim loai gin: khong hnh thnh phoi day nen p luc chu yeu l mat sau,
nhiet truyen theo mat sau l chu yeu len dao.

Su anh huong cc nhan to den nhiet tren dao

Nhiet luong sinh ra tren dao trong qua trnh cat phu thuoc cc yeu to sau:

5.2.1/ Vat lieu gia cong:

Chu yeu anh huong cua do ben o v tnh dan nhiet cua kim loai thong
thung kim loai dan nhiet km khi o tang, luc can ln dan den Qtc tangdo
d Qd tang.
5.2.2/ Che do cat:
* Khi t tang th
tdan den P do d Qtcdan den Qd nhung tlm cho rong lp cat b,
ket hop vi catlm cho nhiet luong thot theo phoi (Q) lndan den Qd .
* Tong hop lai ta thay: t tang th Qd tang t.
Khi Sth luc doc truc Pxdan den dien tch lp cat cat lm cho nhiet
luong thot theo phoi (Q). Nhung a tang p luc tren dao ln do d khi S
tang Qd tang va phai (nhieu hon khi tang t).
5.2.2.3 Toc do cat:

50
Khi tang v: nhiet luong sinh ra do bien dang giam. Nhung nhiet cat do ma
st ln nen khi vdan den Qd nhung mc do cham hon su tang v.

5.2.2/ Mot so nhan to khc
5.2.2.1 Coc ct :
Khi gc cat () phoi kh thot Pxdo d Qd , mat khc khc kha
nang tan nhiet ve than dao tot hon nen Qd.
* Theo thuc nghiem ta thay:
Khi (65
0
75
0
) nhiet thay doi khong
dng ke.
( 75 85 )
0
C nhiet tang do su pht
nhiet ln hon su tan nhiet.
5.2.2.4 Coc lech chinh
Khi tai trong giam t Q t nhung mat
khc chieu di lui cat b gc mi
dao giam truyen nhiet km. Ket qua:
Qd
H5.2 Su phu thuoc cua goc vo van toc v
5.2.2.3 Ban kinh mi dao, tiet dien than dao:
Khi R , dan den
0

5.2.2.4 Dung dich tuoi
Khi tui dung dich tron nguoi th Qd
Tm lai: Muon xc dinh nhiet dao ngui ta dng cong thc thuc nghiem sau:
0
C
.t
x
,S
y
.V
.K

: hang so phu thuoc vat lieu dao, chi tiet.
K
: he so bieu thi quan he gia cc thong so khc vi nhiet do dao.
Su mn cua dao

5.3.1/ Khi niem v su mn v cc hnh thc mn cua dao

Trong qu trnh cat kim loai do ma st gia phoi v mat thot, vat v mat
truc lm cho dao bi mi mn, lm thay doi hnh dang gc do dao.
s0,5mm/v
t2
420
400
380
360
340
80 60 40 50 30 90
v
70
440
v15m/ph
=15

51
B
h
s
h
s
(a) (b) (c) (d)

H5.3 Cac hinh thuc mn dao
Tuy theo dieu kien cat, tnh chat vat lieu gia cong, vat lieu dao:
Dao bi mn theo cc hnh thc sau:
+ Mi mn theo mat sau (hs) : Xay ra khi cat chieu day b t < 0,4mm, gia
cong vat lieu gin.
+ Mi mn theo mat truc: Xay ra khi gia cong vat lieu deo t 0,6mm, khi t
0

mat truc ln hon t
0
pha sau.
+ Mi mn ca mat truc v mat sau: Xay ra khi gia cong nhng vat lieu dan
nhiet km, gia cong chat deo ( v ca khi 3 trung hop tren nhung nho ).
Trong cc dang tren mi mn theo mat sau l dang mi mn chu yeu v de
do nhat, ngui ta dng tri so hs ( chieu cao dien tch bi mi mn theo mat sau
) l tieu chuan mi mn hs : goi l do mi mn cho php hoac tieu chuan mi
mn.
+ Ch : Khi gia cong tinh ngui to quy dinh 1 tieu chuan mi mn khc:
Tieu chuan mi mn cong nghe ( am bao do bng v do chnh xc gia cong
).

5.3.2/ Cc giai doan mi
mn:

Su mi mn dao theo 3 giai
doan
* Giai doan : Coi l
su so khoi, dao bi
mn nhanh t
0
thap
chu yeu san bang
nhap nho do vet mi
khi do bng tang
mn cham hon.
* Giai doan : Su
mn co hoc l su mn cham v on dinh .
* Giai doan :

h
s
s
h (mm)
t (pht)
B
H5.28 Cac giai doan mn dao
t1 t2


52
Mn khoc liet, l khi dao dat do mn cao:hs, ma st , t
0
, p suat su mn
xay ra nhanh v mnh liet, neu tiep tuc lm viec th dao nhanh chng mat hnh
dng hnh hoc.
Tri so hs ( cuoi giai doan ) duoc chon lm chuan mi mn .
5.3.3/ Cc ch tieu mi dao:

O day ta xt viec xc dinh duoc do mn dao thch hop de di mi dao theo
kinh nghiem ta c cc phuong php sau:
5.3.3.1 Iieu chuan vet sang: (Trung hop a)
Khi dao mn den diem B ( dat do mn h
s
) tren be mat gia cong xuat hien
vet sng trang khi gia cong thp, vet nau khi gia cong gang ( do c su truot )
lc d ta di mi dao, tieu chuan ny don gian, chi thch hop vi cc dung cu
don gian.
Vet sng
a) Tieu chuan vet sng b) Tieu chuan luc day

H5.5 Xac dinh mn dao theo cac tieu chuan
5.3.3.2 Iieu chuan luc day ( I.c Sle-din -go ): (Trung hop b)
Khi dao mn luc Py tang thong qua dao truyen sang luc ke. Khi den giai
doan luc ke thay doi dot ngot ta di mi lai dao. Tieu chuan ny de xc
dinh, xong thiet bi cong kenh, phc tap.
5.3.3.3 Iieu chuan do mn thich hop:
Can c vo do mn h
s
ngui ta xc dinh tuoi tho dao T, can c vo Tm ta
xc dinh
Tm
T
n chi tiet( n chi tiet gia cong), sau n chi tiet ta dem dao di mi.
Tieu chuan ny thch hop vi san xuat ln, dung cu chnh xc ve kch thuc
cng nhu yeu cau k thuat, do mn cho php h
s
nho.

5.3.3.4 Iieu chuan k thuat:

53
Tieu chuan ny dng cho gia cong tinh khi pht hien do bng chi tiet khong
dat yeu cau th dem dao di mi, tieu chuan ny di hoi ngui su dung phai l
tho bac cao.

1. Irinh by ve nhiet ct v cac nhan to anh huong den no tren dao ct.
2. Ihe no l mn dao, cac giai doan mn dao?
3. Agui ta danh gia mn dao theo cac tieu chuan no?

Chuong 6 : Tc d ct cho php-Lua chon thng s ct

54

CHUONG 6

Bi 6
TOC O CAT CHO PHP - LUA CHON THONG SO CAT
( 9 tiet)

1. Muc dch:

+ Hieu r van toc cat v cc thong so lien quan.
+ Cung co kien thc d hoc truc d.
+ Rn luyen k nang su dung so tay, biet cch tra bang chon duoc thong
so cat.

2. Yeu cau:

+ Nam duoc cc yeu to anh huong den toc do cat cho php.
+ Nam duoc toc do cat cho php v hieu duoc khi niem ve tuoi ben cua
dao cat.
+ Tnh duoc v, S, t: chon duoc cc gi tri d trong trung hop gia cong cu
the.
+ Nam duoc trnh tu lua chon dao cat.
+ Tra duoc bang trong nhng dieu kien cu the.

N DUNG

6.1 Khi niem ve toc do cat cho php v:
6.1.1/ Khi niem:

Toc do cat l mot yeu to quyet dinh den nang suat, chat luong be mat gia
cong.
* Khi tang v th nhiet do dao tang, tieu hao nhieu cong suat my v:
0
C.t
x
,S
y
.V
.K ( yx).
N
1020 . 60
.v Pz
(K)
* Khi v tang:
0
, Ncg lm co l tnh phan cat got bi thay doi, dao
bi ph huy v vay can khong che V sao cho dap c tuoi ben cao,
nang xuat cao, ng vi dieu kien d ta goi l toc do cat cho php: K
hieu v.

55
6.1.2/ Quan he cc dai luong thnh phan:

Quan he gia v v T duoc bieu thi bang bieu thc
v
m
T
Cv

Cv: he so phu thuoc vo vat lieu gia cong v dieu kien cat
m: So m, ngui ta tnh so m m nhu sau :
ng vi v
1
ta c T
1
dan den v
1

m
T
Cv
1
1
:
v
2
ta c T
2
v
2

m
T
Cv
2
2

Cv
1
Cv
2
v kim loai v dieu kien cat nhu nhau
Ta c
2
1
V
V

m
T
T
|
|
.
|
\
|
1
2
lg
2
1
V
V
m lg
1
2
T
T

m
1 2
2 1
lg lg
lg lg
T T
V V

- Qua thuc nghiem ngui ta d xc dinh tri so m nhu sau:
+ Tien thp gang bang dao thp gi: m 0,10,125
+ Tien thp bang gang dao hop kim cng: m 0,20,25
+ Gia cong nhua ho hoc m 0,50,6
- Trong san xuat thuc te, tuoi ben dung cu cat T chon trong khoang
(30150) ph
+ Thong thung T (60120)ph.
Trung hop yeu cau ve nang suat T nho.
Trung hop yeu cau ve gi thnh ha T ln.
Do l hai quan diem de chon do ben su dung cua dao tien.

6.2 Su anh huong cua cc nhan to den toc do cat v:
6.2.1/ Kim loai gia cong:

Toc do v phu thuoc vo tnh chat vat l cua kim loai (vat lieu gia cong v vat
lieu lui cat) v tnh dan nhiet kim loai. e xc dinh su thay doi v khi kim
loai gia cong thay doi ngui ta dieu chinh bang he so K
v

+ Thp K
v

n
B
|
|
.
|
\
|
75
gang xm K
v

n
HB
|
.
|
\
|190

+ n : so m:

56
- Thp C, thp CD : n 1,75
- Thp gi n 1,25
- Gang, dong thau n 1,7
(Bang 26 trang 20 CCKGCC)
Ngoi ra v cn bi anh huong boi tnh trang phoi: lp mat phoi (vo cng,
gi), to chc te vi cua vat lieu che tao phoi, dieu kien gia cong...
nh huong cua vat lieu lm phan cat got:

Tnh chat vat l cua vat lieu cat got anh huong rat ln den V v n quyet
dinh do ben lau T. Khi v const th kha nang chiu nhiet vat lieu dao quyet
dinh tri so v.
Anh huong cua t,S:
+ Khi t,
0
t do d v giam t
+ Khi S, nhieu hon tang t
0
dan den v giam nhieu hon
Anh huong d bieu thi trong cong thc:
v
yv xv
S t
Cv
Trong d yv xv
nh huong cua hnh dng hnh hoc dao cat

Ni chung nhng yeu to hnh dng hnh hoc anh huong den
0
deu anh
huong den v:
+ Nhiet do : Khi
0
th v de dam bao do ben lau.
+ Gc cat : () th Bdo d
0
dan denv
+ Gc sac : th ma st truyen nhiet km, dao km ben do d th v

+ Gc : khi th
0
do d v
Ngui ta chon 45
0
lm tieu chuan khi 45
0
ta nhan them he so hieu
chinh k

+ Gc
1
: su anh huong cua
1
tuong tu nhu nhung mc do km hon.
Khi muon tang v ta giam nhung khi giam
1
th Py do d phai tang do
cng vng cho vat gia cong nhat l khi l/d 6 th phai dng them luy-net de
tang cng vng.
Chon
1
10
0
lm tieu chuan neu
1
10
0
ta nhan them he so k
1
.
+ Bn knh mi dao (r):
Khi r tan nhiet tot
0
v nhung r ln qu lm P, Pydo d dao de me
(nhat l dao hop kim cng) nen ngui ta chon r2 lm tieu chuan, neu 2 ta
nhan them he so Kr.
+ Tiet dien than dao:
tan nhiet tot, cng vng tot nen v.

57
Ngui ta chon tiet dien tieu chuan nhu sau:
+ Tiet dien vuong 2525
+ Tiet dien ch nhat 2030
+ Tiet dien trn 30
Cac trung hop tren deu lay don vi do chuan bng mm.
Neu khc dieu kien chuan ta hieu chinh bang he so K
v
.
+ Dung dich tui:
Khi c tui dung dich tui lm v
Ngui ta chon c tui dung dich vi thp gi, khong tui vi thp hop kim
lm dieu kien chuan, khc dieu kien chuan ta hieu chinh them he so Ktv.
+ Cc yeu to khc: chu yeu l xt den phuong thc gia cong tien ngoi, trong,
l, rnh deu c anh huong den v.
6.3 Cong thc tnh v
Tong hop cc yeu to ke tren den v ta c cong thc tnh v nhu sau:
6.3.1 Tien ngoi bang dao thp gi, hop kim cng:

v
yv xv m
S t T
Cv
. .
Kv (m/ph)
Trong d K
v
K
mv
.K
v.
K1v.Krv.Kfv.he so hieu chinh ca cc nhan to anh
huong den v.
6.3.2 Ch :
- Khi V tieu chuan ta coi T
m
1 ta c cong thc sau:
Th du: Tien ngoi bang dao thp gi T60ph
v
60

yv xv
S t
Cv
.
Kv (m/ph)
+ Cong thc tnh toc do cat cho o bang 23 (28) CCKGCC.
+ He so Cv, xv, yv tra bang 24(28)
+ He so hieu chinh bang 25(28) 26(29) 27(30) CCKGCC.
- Khong ngoac: Dao thp gi
- C ngoac: Dao thp hop kim cng.

6.4 Quan diem v trnh tu lua chon thong so cat:

Xc dinh (lua chon) che do cat l tm tri so t, S, v thch hop nhat cho qu
trnh cat nham dam bao nang suat, gi thnh ha trong nhng dieu kien gia
cong cho truc, dam bao chat luong be mat gia cong, tan dung cong suat my
v dao.
Ngui ta c hai quan diem lua chon thong so cat:
6.4.1 Dam bao nang suat cao v sc bn dao:


58
6.4.1.1 Dam bao nng suat A:
N t S V A
D h L
t S V
h L
t S n
t S n
h L
To
. . .
. . .
. . . 1000
.
. .
. .
.
1 1
= = = =

Trong d
D h L . . .
1000

Nang suat ty le vi V,S,t
Mat khc: V
v v
y x
S t
Cv

x
v
< y
v
anh huong den V t hon S do d t anh huong den nang suat N nhieu
hon S
+ Nhiet do dao:
0
C
0
. t
x
. S
y
. v
.K
(x<y<)
C
0
: hang so phu thuoc vo dao, chi tiet.
K
: he so bieu thi quan he cc thong so khc vat lieu.

Do d khi tang t dan den
0
tang t hon khi Sdo d dao ben hon, cho nen
quan diem chon: Chon t truoc sau do den chon S v v.
6.4.1.2 Dam bao tan dung cong suat may
Ncg
1020 . 60
. . .
1020 . 60
.
.
V V S t Cp V Pz
z z z
n y x
z
=
Anh huong cua S ti P t hon t do d y < x.
Theo quan diem ny ta tan dung S ln, do d chon S truc roi chon t,v sau.
Irong thuc te san xuat hien nay, dao l khau yeu nen thung chon theo quan
diem 1: chon t truoc sau do chon S , v v nghiem lai cong suat may, viec lua
chon theo 2 phuong phap:
* Phuong phap tinh toan.
* Phuong phap tra bang.
6.5/ Chon che do cat bang phuong php tnh
6.5.1/ Lua chon t:
+ Khi gia cong tho: Chieu sau cat t bang luong du h
t
2
Do D

+ Khi gia cong ban tinh: (do bng 4 6, cap chnh xc T10 T9,
R40R20)
Neu luong du mot pha h2 th ta phai cat hai lan.
- Lan 1: 2/3 3/4h
- Lan 2: 1/3 1/4h
Luong du mot pha h 2 cat mot lan , trung hop ny th.
+ Khi gia cong tinh:

59
Neu yeu cau do bng cao 7, R6,3 th ta chia lm hai buc gia cong.
- Lan 1: 2/3h (tho)
- Lan 2: 1/3h (tinh)
l
B
h
P

H6.1 So do tinh S
6.5.2/ Tnh S:

Buc tien S khi gia cong tho: muon han che anh huong boi luc cat gay ra
vi dao my, phoi ta chon nhu sau:
6.5.2.1/ Dam bao chon S theo suc ben than dao:

Xuat pht t cong thc nghiem uon.
u
[ ]
u
Wx
l Pz

.

x: modun chong uon: x
6
2
BH

Than dao trn x
3
3
1 , 0
32
.
D
D

P.l [ ] [ ]
u
y x
pz
BH
Kz S t C
BH
z z
u

6
1 . . . .
6
2 2

S
1

[ ]
pz
z
y
x
u
Kz t Cpz
BH
1 . . . . 6
2
(mm/v)
Tuong tu than dao trn ta c:
S
1

[ ]
pz
z
y
x
u
Kz t Cpz
D
1 . . . . 32
.
3

(mm/v)
6.5.2.2/ Chon S theo suc ben co cau chay dao.
Trong co cau chay dao my tien c bo phan yeu nhat l bnh xe nho an khp
vi thanh rang Trong thuyet minh my thung cho tri so gii han Px
Pm. Muon lm viec duoc th phai dam bao:

60
Pm Px + (P + Py)
Ta c quan he:
3
1
;
2
1
= =
Pz
Px
Pz
Py

chon he so ma st 0,1.
Ta c: Pm 1,45Px 1,45 C
px
. Kx S t
x x
y x
.
.

Hay: S
2

[ ]
x
x
y
x
Px
Kx t C
Pm
. . 45 , 1
( mm/v)
6.5.2.3/ Chon S theo do cung vng chi tiet gia cong:
Khi tien chi tiet di, d nho chi tiet thung bi cong, gay sai so ve hnh dang
v kch thuc, chon S sao cho chi tiet dam bao do chnh xc yeu cau.
Muon dam bao do chnh xc gia cong:
[ ] f
J E K
QI
. .
3

K m: he so cng vng
Q
2 2
y x
P P +
l: chieu di chi tiet (khong ke phan trong mam cap).
: modun dn hoi vat lieu gia cong 2,1.10
4
(KG/mm
2
)
: momen qun tnh
4
4
05 , 0
64
D
D
(mm
4
)
K3
K100 K48

H6.2 Cac so do chon he so K
K: he so phu thuoc cch g( xem hnh H6.2).
Neu lay: Py0,4P th Q1,1P
Thay vo ta c:

S
3

[ ]
Ypz
x
z
Kz t Cp l
f KEJ
pz
. . . . 1 , 1
3
( mm/v)
+ Khi gia cong tinh:
Luong chay dao phu thuoc chu yeu vo do nhap nho be mat gia cong.
Khi cat thp:
R
65 , 0
07 , 1
21 , 0
r
S
(m)
Khi cat gang: R
r
S
1 , 1
89 , 0
(m)
R: chieu cao nhap nho be mat (tra bang)
r: bn knh mi dao.

61
T d rt ra S.
Sau khi tnh S
1
, S
2
, S
3
ta chon mot tri so nho nhat chon S
t
tren my bang
hoac nho hon tri so tren.
6.5.3/ Tnh toc do v:
Theo cong thc v Kv
S t T
Cv
v v
y x m
. .
(m/ph)
T V tnh ra n.
n
D
V
1000
(v/ph)
So vng quay o tren duoc so snh vi vng quay c thuc tren my,
Neu: n
m1
< n <n
m2
v n n
m1
th ta chon n n
m1
.
Neu n n
m2
th ta chon n n
m2
nhung giam di mot cap den S
m
v so
snh tch so S
m
. n
m2
v S
m
. n
m1
. Neu tch no ln hon th chon so
vng quay v luong chay dao de dam bao T
o
nho nhat v T
o

t S n
h L
. .
.
.
6.5.4/ Kiem nghiem:
- Muon cat got duoc phai dam bao:
Ncg Ndc.q
Trong d:
Ndc: cong suat dong co K
: hieu suat my tien (thung 0,85)
- Neu khong dam bao phai giam so vng quay di nhu sau:
n'
Ncg
N n
t d
v chon n
m
nhu tren.
Trong d N
t
N
dc
. q

6.6/ Chon che do cat bang phuong php tra bang.
6.6.1/ Yeu cau:

Xuat pht t yeu cau thuc te gia cong cat got, viec tnh ton di hoi phai c
thi gian v kha nang tnh ton cua ngui thuc hien. Tuy nhien viec tnh ton
cng di hoi cc thong so dau vo: vat lieu phoi, dao cat, gia cong tren my
g, cong suat, do nhn bng dat duoc, cap chnh xc gia cong nen ngui ta d
xay dung nen bang che do cat gia cong co kh de ngui truc tiep gia cong c
the thuc hien viec chon thong so cat hop l.
Xuat pht diem cua phuong php chon che do cat l ban v chi tiet vi day
du yeu cau k thuat cua chi tiet : do nhn bng be mat, do dong tam, do dao,
kch thuc c dung sai, dung sai lap ghp...m ngui thiet ke chia ra cc cong
doan sau:
a) Phan tch ban v.

62
b) Chon 1 trong cc phuong n gia cong.
c) Lap quy trnh cong nghe.
d) Thiet ke nguyen cong
-NC1: Che tao phoi
Lap quy trnh gia cong nguyen cong:
Chon chuan
inh vi, kep chat.
Chon my.
Chon dao.
Tnh v chon thong so cat got.
Kiem nghiem v chon lai theo my .
Tnh thi gian gia cong.
Tong hop so lieu cat thnh bang
- NC2
- ...
- NC
n

- Kiem tra
6.6.2 Trnh tu thuc hien
Chon thong so cat dua vo thong tin d biet :
* o chnh xc gia cong cua chi tiet, kch thuc cong nghe.
* Gia cong theo th tu no( v du nhu tho-bn tinh- tinh, khoan -
khot- doa, phay tinh- mi tho- mi nghien...) de dat duoc yeu cau
k thuat cua san pham.
* My no dat duoc cap chnh xc tng buc gia cong, t d chon
my c cc thong so S, v, t chuan my theo bang lap sn(
CCKGCC).
* Chon my v thong qua yeu cau vat lieu gia cong, kch thuc my
chon dao thch hop.
* T cc buc gia cong, my, dao d chon ta chon che do cat tuong
ng(S, v, t) theo chuan my.
* Kiem nghiem lai theo cong suat cat got my, luc cat got.

6.7/ Chon hnh dang hnh hoc dao tien:
6.7.1 Can c chon:
- My gia cong ( biet duoc thong so che do cat chuan my) v du dy thong
so chuan toc do, biet duoc ng vi chieu sau cat bao nhieu cua buc gia cong
no(tho, bn tinh, tinh).
- Vat lieu gia cong: vat lieu g (thp cacbon, thp hop kim, kim loai v hop
kim mau, vat lieu phi kim ...).

63
- o chnh xc yeu cau cua chi tiet khi gia cong trong nguyen cong bang
phuong php tien.
- Cc bang tra lap sn c lien quan.
6.7.2 Chon dao :
- Chon vat lieu lm dao: Xem lai chuong 1:" VT LU LAM DAO".
- Dua vo tnh chat gia cong m chon dao: tien ngoi, trong, ph, cat dt...
m chon dao tien ngoi, trong, vai, cat dt...
- Chon loai dao tuong ng( t trang 261285 So tay CNCTM tap , NXB
KHKT 1999 v cc sch xuat ban sau ny tuong duong).
- Qua cc thong so dao va chon, ket hop chon che do cat tuong ng( t, S, N,
v).
- Kiem nghiem lai bang cch tnh(P
, v, S, N) v so snh, neu sai lech c the

chon lai bang hai cch: chon lai thong so cat, chon loai dao khc den bao gi
kiem nghiem dat th thoi.

V DU THAM KHAO

eu cau:
Gia cong mat tren chi tiet dang cng sao cho dat duoc kch thuc chieu rong
B 40mm0,03, biet luong du phoi ban dau h2mm.

Giai
Chon may phay ngang 6H12
Chon dao phay tru, thp gio co cac thong so:
+ ung knh dao D80mm
+ So rang 10
Dinh vi : phien ty o mt day han che 3 bac tu do.
Do ga su dung dn kep lien dong( kep cht bng ren vit).
Chon tien trinh gia cong chia lm 3 buoc:
Buoc 1: phay tho voi t=1mm
Buoc 2: phay ban tinh voi t=0,8mm
Buoc 3: phay tinh voi t=0,2mm
-Phay tho.
1-Chieu sau cat:
Chon t=1mm
2-Luong chay dao:
- Theo bang (6-5) (che do cat khi gia cong co kh-trg124)
S
:
= 0,09-0,11mm/rng
Chon S
:
=0,1mm/rng

64
3-Van toc cat:

Theo bang (1-5) (che do cat khi gia cong co kh- Trang119)
C
v
q
v
x
v
y
v
u
v
p
v
m
332 0,2 0,1 0,4 0,2 0 0,2

Theo bang (2-5) (che do cat khi gia cong co kh-trg122)
T180
(2-1) (che do cat khi gia cong co kh-trg15)

K
nv
=0,8
K
uv
=1,4
Suy ra,K
v
K
mv
.K
nv
.K
uv
1,23
Thay vo ta c:
V365m/p
So vng quay trong 1 pht:
Theo che do cat chuan my, chon n
m
=1180v/p
Suy ra van toc cat thuc te l:
4-Luong chay dao pht v luong chay dao rang thuc te:
S
m
S
..n1180mm/ph
Iheo che do ct chuan may, chon lai S
m
=960mm/ph
Vay,S
thuc te l:
5-Luc P tnh theo cong thc:
v
K
. .B
.S .t T
.D
v
C
V
v
p
v
u
v
y
v
x m
v
q
1 , 1
65
75
b
75
K
v
m
p / v 1453
D .
V 1000
n
p / m 296
1000
Dn .
V
tt

ng a r / mm 09 , 0
n
S
S
m
p
p
p
q
p
u
p
y p
x
p
K
n . D
. B .
S . t . C
P

65
Thay cc thong so vo ta c:
P
24,7 KG
N1.2 K
Theo che do chay thu chuan cua my P
1500KG: 0,75:N
m
7K.
Kiem nghiem lai N
m
N
cg
P

Vay dieu kien gia cong d tnh o tren duoc dam bao.
Buc gia cong bn tinh t
2
0,8mm v tinh t
3
0,2mm cng c quy trnh tnh
chon tuong tu.


1. Aeu cong thuc tinh van toc ct khi tien, giai thich cac ky hieu thnh
phan.
2. Aeu cac nhan to anh huong den van toc?
3. Irinh tu chon thong so ct?
4. Irinh tu tinh toan thong so ct?
5. Quan diem lua chon thong so ct?
6. Cach chon hinh dang hinh hoc cua dao tien?
Chuong 7 : Bo v xoc

66

CHUONG 7

Bi 7
BAO VA XOC
(2tiet)
1. Muc dch

+ Gii thieu cong dung, hnh dang, dac diem cua bo v xoc de chon dao,
my v che do cat.

2. Yeu cau:

+ Nam duoc cong dung cua bo v xoc.
+ V duoc gc do dao.
+ Chon duoc che do cat.

N DUNG

7.1 Cong dung, dac diem cua bo v xoc:
7.1.1 Cong dung:

Bo v xoc dng de gia cong mat phng v mat dinh hnh c dung sinh
thng.
Qu trnh bo tren my bo ngang chuyen dong chnh l chuyen dong thng
tinh tien cua dao, chuyen dong tien (chay dao) l chuyen dong bn my.
Qu trnh xoc (l mot loai my bo dng) chuyen dong chnh l chuyen
dong len, xuong cua dao. Chuyen dong tien l chuyen dong tinh tien hoac
(quay) cua bn my.
Bo v xoc cho ta do bng thap 3 4 do chnh xc T10, T11, neu c ket
cau dao dac biet nhu
1
0 c the dat 8 9, T5T6 Ra(0,630,32) (
vi dieu kien t nho, he thong cong nghe vng chac, c tui nguoi).
Bo v xoc chi dng cho san xuat loat nho, trong san xuat loat ln ta dng
phay v truot nhung nhng chi tiet di v hep th dng bo nang suat cao hon
phay.

7.1.2 Dac diem bo v xoc:

Qu trnh cat chi thuc hien o luot di cn luot ve khong cat, do d
nang suat thap.
Chuong 7 : Bo v xoc

67
Truc mi hnh trnh bo bao gi cng c khoang chay ti, boi vay
dao luon chiu va dap de gay me dao, giam tuoi tho dao.
Chuyen dong tien thuc hien gin doan vo truc lc thuc hien mi
hnh trnh, do d gc do dao bo khi lm viec khong bi thay doi nhu
tien.
Chuyen dong chnh cua my bo, xoc l chuyen dong tinh tien, do d
my c gia toc ln khi toc do ln, boi vay toc do my bo chi su
dung toi uu trong khoang v s 70 80 m/pht.
Tren my bo khi gia cong ngui ta hau nhu khong tui nguoi.

H7.1 Bo v xoc
7.2 Cau tao dao bo v xoc

Do c dac diem nhu tren nen dao bo c nhng yeu cau nhu dao tien nhung
di hoi chiu uon, chiu va dap cao hon.
Vat lieu thung dng de che tao dao bo: BK6, BK8B, T15K6, T15K10,
T5K12B, TT7K12...o nuc ta do che tao hop kim cng kh do d thung
dng P18.
Cau tao dao bo ni chung giong dao tien nhung c cc dac diem sau:
7.2.1. Than dao bo:

Thung lm cong diem mi dao nam trng vi dung mat dy dao de trnh
khi gia cong dao bi uon dao, khi an sau vo chi tiet gia cong lm hut kch
thuc than dao : doi vi dao bo lng (luc cat nho) ngui ta che tao than dao
thng.
S
a
b
t
Vpx
S
b. Xoc
t
V
a. Bo
S
a
S
b
Chuong 7 : Bo v xoc

68
R
R

L L
v v
S
S
a) Dao bo lng b) Dao bo dau cong

H7.2 Hai loai dao bo

7.2.2 Qu trnh bo:
Luon xay ra va dap trong qu trnh lm viec do d gc dao bo nho hon dao
tien (-5 10)
, (6 20)
, (2070)
,
1
(0 15)
, (6
16)
.

7.3 Chon thong so cat khi bo v xoc
7.3.1 Cc yeu to cat khi bo v xoc:

Khoang cch gia be mat chiu gia cong v be mat d gia cong sau mot lt
cat, don vi mm.
L do dich chuyen cua dao hay vat sau hnh trnh kp.
on vi: S (mm/KCK)
7.3.1.2 Chieu dy ct a:
L khoang cch gia hai vi tr cua lui cat tren mat phng ngang khi dao
thuc hien mot buc tien dao S.
7.3.1.3 Chieu rong ct b:
Chieu di lui cat chnh tham gia cat got
Ta cng c quan he a Ssin, b
sin
t

Chuong 7 : Bo v xoc

69
Khi xoc thong thung 90
, nen a S, b t ta c the tnh dien tch

lp cat nhu sau:
F = a.b = S.t(mm
2
)

7.3.1.1 Ioc do ct \:
L toc do dich chuyen cua dao hay vat khi cat got
Ta c: v
ctc
/v
ve
m 0,7 0,75
: thi gian thuc hien mot hnh trnh kp
n: so khoang chay kp trong 1 pht

n
1

ctc
+
ve

Vve
L
Vdi
L
+
L l
1
+ l + l
2

l
1
, l
2
: khoang chay ti, chay qu
l: khoang chieu di chi tiet

Vct
m L
Vct
m L
Vct
L
Vve
L
Vct
L ) 1 ( . +
= + = +
n
) 1 (
) 1 (
1 1
m L
Vct
Vct
m L
+
=
+
=
Vct n.L.(1+m)
L: m
V: m/ph
n: KCK/ph

7.3.2 Irinh tu chon che do ct khi bo- xoc

7.3.2.1 Chon dao:
Can c vo KKT chi tiet gia cong chon vat lieu dao, thong so hnh hoc,
ket cau than dao
Xc dinh chieu sau cat t: dua vo luong du v do chnh xc gia cong de
chon
Xc dinh luong chay dao: cho php chon cho bang 7 v 31 (CCKGCK)
dua theo t, ,
1
, vat lieu gia cong
7.3.2.2 Iinh toc do ct:
Tnh V theo cong thc phu thuoc tuoi ben dao
Cong thc: giong nhu tien, he so bang 23 nhung nhan them he so bang 32
Xc dinh so hnh trnh kp trong mot pht n:
Theo cong thc: n
) 1 ( n
V
+

Chuong 7 : Bo v xoc

70
T d chon so hnh trnh kp c tren my sau d tnh lai toc do cat thuc te
theo cong thc:
v
t
n
t.
L(1+m) m/ph
7.3.2.3 Aghiem cong suat ct:
N
cg
N
dc
Nghiem P
ko
:
Trong thuc te san xuat khi ta khong ch nghiem P
ko
c trung hop my bi
dng o gia hnh trnh v tai day P
ko
nho nhat.
Ta phai nghiem: P (pht sinh) s P
ko
.
P
ko
P
max
cho trong thuyet trnh thu my phu thuoc vo L (chieu di hnh
trnh dau bo) n(HTK/ph), v
ct
: (m/ph).
7.3.2.4 Xac dinh thi gian may:
oi vi bo v xoc thi gian cong nghe co ban (T
m
) tnh theo cong thc:
T
m

S n
i L
S n
B B B
.
.
.
2 1
=
+ +

B: chieu rong be mat gia cong (mm):
B
1
: luong an ti dao (mm)
B
1
t.cotg
B
2
: luong vuot qu dao (mm)
B
2
(2 3) mm
i: so lt cat
S: mm/HTK, n HTK/ph

H7.3 So do tinh Im.

1. Cong dung, dc diem cua cac phuong phap gia cong bo v xoc?
2. Cau tao dao bo v xoc?
3. Iinh v chon thong so ct khi bo v xoc?
B2 B B1
t
S

Chuong 8 : Khoan- Khot - Doa

71

CHUONG 8

Bi 8
KHOAN - KHOT- DOA
(5tiet)
1. Muc dch:

+ Gii thieu cong dung, dac diem dung cu khoan, khot, doa.
+ Biet cch tra chon che do cat khi gia cong bang phuong php khoan, khot,
doa

2. Yeu cau:

+ V v hieu duoc cc gc dao.
+ Tra bang chon duoc thong so cat.

N DUNG

8.1 Khi niem chung:

Khoan, khot, doa l nhng phuong thc de gia cong l, do dac diem rieng
cua tng phuong thc m c nhiem vu, vi tr rieng.
Khoan: gia cong l, d1d30 dat chnh xc T10, T11, do bng 3,4 (
R80 R40).

Khot l buc trung gian gia khoan v doa, khi gia cong dat chnh xc cao,
dat cap chnh xc T8,T9 do bng 56, Ra(0,630,32) chieu sau cat toi
da khong qu 2mm.
Doa l cong viec sau khot dat do bng

Ra0,63, chnh xc cap T6, khi doa
hnh dat 10 chnh xc cap T5, chieu sau cat khong qu 0,25mm.
Mi khoan, khot, doa l dung cu cat nhieu lui, nen kh che tao mi, sua.
Vat lieu lm dao thung su dung BK,10..., doi khi dng hop kim cng
che tao mi khot, mi doa c dung knh ln.

8.2 Khoan

8.2.1 Phan loai mui khoan
- Phan loai theo hnh dng mi khoan:
+ Khoan ruot g, mi khoan dau ran.
+ Khoan bang, mi khoan vng

72
- Phan loai theo ket cau chuan mi khoan:
+ uoi tru, duoi con moc, duoi vuong.
- Phan loai theo cong dung:
+ Mi khoan thong dung (ruot g).
+ Khoan l sau(khoan nng sng).
+ Khoan lien hop.
+ Khoan l tam.
Trong cc loai tren mi khoan ruot g duoi tru duoc su dung rong ri nhat.
Mi khoan ruot g l loai dung cu duoc tieu chuan ha, v du theo tieu chuan
Nga TC.
d0,11 theo TC 8034-56
d0,2580 TC 885-64
8.2.2 Cau tao mui khoan

Mi khoan gom 3 bo phan:
Phan lm viec Phan co Phan cn
Phan cat
L3 L2 L1

8.1 Cau tao mi khoan
8.2.2.1 Phan can:
L
1
phan cn: phan lap vo truc chnh my khoan de truyen momen xoan
d20mm lm cn con.
d<10mm thung cn tru.
8.2.2.2 Phan co dao
Phan co dao L
2
: tc dung thot d l mi khi mi chuoi v phan lm viec o
day thung ghi nhn hieu mi khoan.
8.2.2.3 Phan lm viec L
3
: gom phan cat v phan tru dinh hung.
8.2.2.3.1 Phan dinh hung:
C tc dung dinh hung mi khoan khi lm viec v du tr khi mi lai, phan
ny con nguoc de tao ra gc
1
.
o con
m 100
08 , 0 04 , 0

C hai rnh xoan de thot phoi vi (1830)
0
doc hai rnh xoan ng vi
dung knh ngoi c hai dai vien chieu rong goi l canh vien, canh vien c
tc dung dinh hung, phan gia 2 rnh xoan l li mi khoan.

73
Phan cat: l phan chu yeu mi khoan de cat vat lieu tao phoi.
D
1
3
6
4
5
2

H8.2 Cac goc mi khoan
8.2.2.3.2 Phan cat:
Gom 5 lui cat
+ 2 lui cat chnh 12,34
+ 2 lui cat phu 25,46: 2 lui cat phu chi tham gia cat mot doan ngan bang
1/2 luong chay dao.
+ 1 lui cat ngang 13: khong tham gia cat, mat truc l mat xoan, cn mat
sau c the l mat xoan, mat phng, mat tru tuy theo cch mi mat sau.
8.2.2.4 Coc phan lm viec:
8.2.2.4.1 Gc 2 :
L gc hop boi hnh chieu cua hai lui cat chnh tren mat phng co ban,
mi khoan tieu chuan 2 (116 120)
0
.
8.2.2.4.2 Gc nghieng phu
1
: l gc con nguoc thong thung
1
2
0
4
0

8.2.2.4.3 Gc nghieng : l gc gia hnh chieu lui cat ngang v lui cat
chnh tren mat phng vuong gc vi truc mi khoan, mi khoan tieu chuan
55
0
.
8.2.2.4.4 Gc nang lui cat chnh :
l gc gia lui cat chnh v php tuyen vi vc to toc do cat do trong mat
phng cat, tnh nhu sau:
sin
x
sin
x
D
h

h: dung knh li mi khoan.
8.2.2.4.5 D
x
: dung knh dinh dang xt do d c tri so thay doi doc lui cat.
Neu tai diem ngoi D
x
D, 2 118
0
, h 0,15D th 7
0
20.

74
8.2.2.4.6 Gc xoan : l gc hop boi dung tam v dung thng tiep tuyen
vi dungxoan cua rnh
tg
H
D .

H: buc xoan cua rnh
D: dung knh mi khoan
Gc l thong so quan trong doi vi mi khoan, tri so anh huong den qu
trnh cat, su thot phoi, luc cat, do ben tuoi tho mi khoan nen ngui ta chon
tuy theo vat lieu gia cong:
-
Khi gia cong gang thp: (2530)
0
.

-
Khi gia cong dong thanh, dong thau: (812)
0
8.2.2.4.8 Gc thot :
o tren mat phng NN vuong gc vi hnh chieu cua lui cat chnh tren mat
phng co ban ( mat phng di qua 1 diem lui cat chnh v tam mi khoan)
Cong thc tnh nhu sau:
tg
x

sin .
.
D
tg D
x

Qua d ta thay
x
() khi dung knh mi khoan D co dinh, D
x
giam dan
giam dan t ngoi vo tam
ngoi cng
8.2.2.4.9 Gc sac :
o tren mat phng - (song song truc mi khoan) hop boi dung thng
tiep tuyen vi mat st v dung thng nam tren mat phng cat got di qua
diem x tren lui cat, tri so ln dan t ngoi vo tam.
8.2.2.5 Ch :
Cng nhu o dao tien, khi c chuyen dong chay dao nen vet cua mat phng
cat v mat dy bi thay doi, do d gc , c thay doi mot luong , trong d:
tg'
A
D l
S

S: buc tien
D

: dung knh diem xt
Ta c:
c
-

c
+


75
Vet cat
S
D
a
S

H8.3 Cac goc o lui ct mi khoan
8.2.3 Cc yeu to cat v dien tch cat khi khoan:
Khi khoan: t mm
D
2

Khi khot: t
2
d D
(mm)
Luong kim loai ht di mot lui cat sau mot
vng quay S, sau mot vng quay mi khoan
So mm/vng, sau mot pht Sp mm/pht.
Ta c quan he sau:
So 2 S (mm/v)
Sp 2 S(n mm/ph)
8.2.3.3 Ioc do ct:
V ) / (
1000
. .
ph m
n D

D mm , n v/ph
8.2.3.4 Dien tich lop ct:
H8.4 Iiet dien lop ct

Tuong tu nhu tien ta c:
b ) (
sin 2 sin
khoan
D t

=
b
sin 2
d D
(khot).

D
a
b
S
t

76

a S.sin sin
2
S

Suy ra: a.b t.S ) (
4
.
2
mm
So D

Tong dien tch lp cat:
2 (mm
2
)

8.2.4 Luc, cong suat, momen xoan khi khoan:
8.2.4.1 Luc ct:
Qu trnh cat pht sinh ra luc can d chnh l kha
nang chong lai vat lieu gia cong. Luc can d dat tai moi
diem tren lui cat, ta tong hop tat ca cc luc can do tai
diem .
D

2
D

Tuong tu nhu tien ta c 3 thnh phan luc
z y x
P P P

, , .
Ngoi ra cn luc
N
P
tren lui cat ngang.

H8.5 Luc ct khi khoan
P
T
, P
T
luc ma st theo hung P,Px
Tong hop theo cc phuong Px ta duoc Po
T N
P P x P P 2 2
0
+ + =
Po: can lai chuyen dong khoan, muon khoan duoc th Po Po.
V Po P
max
cho trong thuyet minh thu my nen tong hop luc : Py Py
0 v lui cat doi xng qua tam.
Nhung trong thuc te Py 0 v lui cat mi khong duoc doi xng lam nen
luong du khong deu do d l sau khi khoan thung rong hoac mo. Luc P,
P
T
tao momen gay xoan mi khoan
8.2.4.2 Momen ct
P
T
nho ta bo qua v vay:
M
c
KGmm
D
Pz
2
. < M
Muon khoan duoc M
c
< M
M 716200. 1,36 ( KGmm
n
N
)
8.2.4.3 Cong suat ct
N: Cong suat c ch N N
dc

n : So vng quay
Ch : Cong thc tnh Px, Mx Bang 44 CCKGCCK
Mx
Px
PT
PT'
PT'
D
Px
Po
Px
Py Py
P
PT' PT'
N
D/4

77
8.2.4.4 Do mn cua dao:
Su mn cua mi khoan xay ra o mat st, mat thot v gc chuyen.
Khoan thp: Mn chu yeu l mat st.
Khoan gang: chu yeu mn gc chuyen.
o mn cho php: hs.
Khoan thp: hs 11,2.
Khoan gang: hs0,51,2

8.2.5 Che do cat khi khoan: (Bang phuong php tra
bang)
8.2.5.1 Buoc 1:
Chon chieu sau cat t:
t
2
Do D
(mm)
D
0
: dung knh l truc khi khoan.
8.2.5.2 Buoc 2:
+ Chon S
Bang 33 37 CCKGCC sau d chon St trong my
theo nguyen tac St < S chon.
Sau khi c S nghiem luc hung truc:
P
o
P
x
P
o
P
max

H8.6 Do mn mi khoan
P
x
theo bang 44 CCKGCC
Pmax: theo thuyet minh nhu my
Neu P
x
P
o
chon lai S vi gia thiet P
x
P
o
.
8.2.5.3 Buoc 3:
+ Chon v theo bang t v tnh theo so vng
quay n.
n
V n
V
.
1000
(v/ph) doi chieu thuyet minh my
chon n
t
.
+ Theo nguyen tac n
t
n
chon
, trung hop xap
xi c the chon n
t
n
chon
sau d tnh lai v
t
:
v
t

1000
. .
t
n D
(m/ph)
H8.7 So do tinh I
m
8.2.5.4 Buoc 4:
+Tnh cong suat v nghiem cong suat.
y
l
y
1

78
N
cg
) (
120 . 60
.
Kw
Vt Pz
(hoac N
cg
) (
975000
.
Kw
n M
t
hoac tra bang dua vo vat lieu gia
cong).
+ Tra bang ta duoc N (K).
ieu kien an ton Ncg Ndc.
8.2.5.5 Buoc 5:
+ Tnh Tm
Tm
s n
yl l y
.
+ +

+ Chon y:
- Mi don: y g
D
cot
2
0,3D.
- Mi kp: y 0,4D.
y
1
(13) khi khot th y
2
d D

Bi tap: Trang 37 gio trnh NLC kim loai.

8.3 Khot (xoy)
8.3.1 Cau tao mui khot:
Cn dao
Phan lm viec
Chuoi dao
Phan cat
Co dao
Mat truc
ung vien
Mat sau
Cnh cat
Mat dau

H8.8 Cau tao mi khot
Cau tao mi khot rat giong nhu mi khoan chi khc l chng c nhieu rang
hon v khong c lui cat ngang, lui khot thung c (3,4) rang.
D < 35mm lm 3 rang.
D 35mm lm 4 rang.

79
Mi khot gom c cc phan: Phan lm viec, canh vien, co dao, cn, rnh
thot phoi.

8.3.2 Phan loai
Mi khot duoc phan loai theo hnh dang ben ngoi cua n:
Mi khot lien cn che tao l c nho.
Mi khot cn ri lap thoi hop kim cng de gia cong l c ln.
8.3.2 Gc do mui khot:

8.3.2.1 Coc lech chinh :
Khi gia cong gang thp (4560)
0
8.3.2.2 Coc lech phu
1
: l gc con nguoc c don vi l 0,040,1/100.
8.3.2.3 Coc truoc : o trong tiet dien chnh NN, khi gia cong thp bang dao
c lui cat bang thp hop kim c do cng trung bnh th (812)
0
.
Gia cong gang: 610
0
.
Gia cong kim loai mu: 2530
0
.
Mi khot hop kim cng: 10
0
.
8.3.2.4 Coc sau : do trong tiet dien , thuc te (810)
0
.
8.3.2.5 Coc sau phu
1
: hnh chieu cua n tren lui cat chnh bang , hnh
chieu tren mat phng N
1
N
1
l
1
0
0
.
8.3.2.6 Coc xon : c the bang 0 hoac khc 0.
Khi 0
0
(rnh thng) dng cho mi khoan hop kim cng de gia cong thp
cng, thp toi cn lai thung 10
0
25
0
.
Ia co quan he sau: tg = tg.sin
8.3.2.7 Coc nang :
Xc dinh boi lui cat v mat phng co ban () mat phng di qua giao
diem lui cat chnh v phu doc theo tam mi khot, mi khot thp gi (-
5 15)
0
.
e thot phoi ve dau dao (khot l thng) <0 cn muon thot phoi cn dao
th 0.


80
Co
Phan lm viec
Cn
Phan dan hung
L2
L1
2
L2' L2"

H8.9 Cau tao mi doa

8.4 Doa
8.4.1 Cau tao mui doa

Tuy theo dung knh l gia cong mi doa c ket cau khc nhau: c mi doa
nguyen, doa rang chap.
Mi doa gom 3 phan: phan lm viec, co doa, chuoi doa
8.4.1.1 Phan lm viec :
Phan lm viec bao gom:
+ Phan cat L
1
: au phan cat c phan dan hung c gc 45
0
.
Phan cat c gc 2
- Gia cong thp 2 30
0

- Gia cong gang 2 (610)
0

- Mi doa tay 2 (13)
0

+ Phan sua hung L
2
: phan ny dng dinh hung mi doa khi lm viec gom
hai phan L2 v L2.
- L2: l mot doan tru c lui cat phu doc cc rang cua mi doa de sua dng
v dinh hung mi doa trong l.
- L2: l phan con nguoc de giam ma st mi doa vo cc mat gia cong v
trnh lay rong l.
- Mi doa my do con nguoc (0,040,1)/mm
- Mi doa tay do con nguoc (0,010,015)/mm
- Chieu di L
2
(0,250,3)D.
8.4.1.2 So rng Z:
* So rang thung chn de do duoc bang pan-me v cc dung cu do
khc v chon so rang dao theo bang nhu sau:
D 3-10 11-19 20-30 32-45 46-50
6 8 10 12 14

* Hoac c the dng cong thc kinh nghiem sau:

81
+ Doa gang dong thanh: (1,5 D +4)
+ Doa vat lieu khc: (1,5 D +2)
8.4.1.3 Phuong cua rng:
Khi doa luong du b, phoi cat rat manh do d yeu cau thot phoi khong
quan trong lam do d de thuan tien cho viec che tao ngui ta lm mi doa
rang thng, nhung khi yeu cau nang cao do bng, do chnh xc hoac l c
rnh doc th can lm rang xoan.
Khi doa l thong lm xoan tri (de phoi thot ve pha dau dao).
Khi l thong ngui ta lm rnh xoan phai ( de phoi thot ve pha cn dao).
- Khi gia cong thp cng: (78)
0
.
- Gang rn, thp deo va: (1220)
0
.
- Kim loai mu : (3545)
0
.
8.4.1.4 Coc do cua dao doa:

-
B-B
1
B
B

H8.10 Cac goc dao doa
Gc truc , gc sau cua phan cat do trong tiet dien
8.4.1.4.1 Gc :
Khi doa tinh 0
0
Khi doa tho (510)
0
8.4.1.4.2 Gc : (612)
0
Gia cong vat lieu deo, gia cong tho lay tri so ln.
Gia cong tinh lay tri so nho.
8.4.1.4.3 Gc sau o bo phan sua dng
1
(1020)
0

8.4.1.4.4 Canh vien : Canh vien duoc bo tr doc theo cc rang mi doa,
canh vien c tc dung dinh hung mi doa khi lm viec, lm nhn be mat gia
cong v sua kch thuc.
(0,050,3)mm.
Neu vat deo de trnh dnh phoi tren canh vien lay 0,050,08mm.

82
8.4.1.4.5 Buc rang:
e trnh hien tuong lap lai theo chu ky cua
luc day ngang gay mo l khi luc c xu
hung day ve mot pha buc rang s lm
khong deu, ngui ta che tao:

2

3

4

5

6
.
Nhung de de kiem tra dung knh th lm
cc rang doi xng tng doi mot qua tam.

H8.11 Cac goc cua dao doa
8.4.1.5 Che do ct khi khot v doa:
Che do cat khi khot- doa tuong tu nhu cc phuong php gia cong khc:
+ Chon t
+ Chon S theo bang- doi chieu chon S my
+ Chon v- tnh n- chon lai n my
+ Tnh T
m

Khi chon thong so cho khot- doa khong can nghiem lai P
Z
v A
cg
vi luc v
cong suat nho.

BAI TAP CHUONG 8

Bi tap1:
Can khoan mot vat bang thp cacbon C50 (
b
60KG/mm
2
). L khoan c
dung knh 20 di 100mm v sau khi khoan cn doa l. Khoan tren my
2150 c tui dung dich munxi. Xc dinh che do cat vi mi khoan P18
tren my 2150.

Bi giai:
1. Chieu sau ct:
t mm
D
10
2
20
2
= =
2. Buoc tien
Theo sc ben cua mi khoan c cong thc:
S
1
3,88
94 , 0
81 , 0
b
D

Theo dieu kien ban dau D20:
b
60
Thay vo ta c:
1
2
3
4
5

83
S
1
3,88 mm 9 , 0
60
20
94 , 0
81 , 0
=
Theo bang (8-3) vi mi khoan c dung knh D20 lay S
2
0,35 v sau khi
khoan cn khot nen S
2
phai nhan he so K0,75 v he so dieu chinh sau
K
ls
0,9. Vay S
2
0,35.0,75.0,90,3mm/v.
Chon Smin0,3
Theo thuyet minh my lay S0,28 mm/v
3. Iinh van toc

Theo cong thc V Kv
S t T
D Cv
Yv Xv m
Zv
. .
.
m/ph
Theo bang (3-3)
Cv9,8: v0,4: y
v
0,51: m0,2: Xv0
Bang (4-3): T45
( 5-3): Km
v
1,25
(6-3): Kl
v
0,75
Do d: KvKm
v
Kn
v
Ku
v
Kl
v
0,94
Thay vo: V 2 , 27 94 , 0 .
28 , 0 . 10 . 45
20 . 8 , 9
5 , 0 0 2 , 0
4
= m/ph
So vng quay truc chnh n 400
20 . 14 , 3
2 , 27 . 1000
.
. 1000
= =
D
V
v/ph
Theo thuyet minh my chon n351 v/ph
4. Luc ct v momen xon:
P
0
Cp.D
p
.S
yp
.Kmp,KG
Theo bang (7-3): Cp68: p1: pD0,7
Theo bang (12-1) v (13-1)
Km
p
Km
M
85 , 0
75
60
75 , 0
= |
.
|
\
|

Thay vo cong thc:
Po68.20
1
.0,28
0,7
.0,85308 (KG)
So vi lPol2500KG cua my, ta thay vi buc tien d chon my lm viec an
ton.
Momen xoan duoc tnh theo cong thc:
MC
M
.D
M
.S
yM
.K
M
: KGm
Thay vo ta c:
M0,034.20
2,5
.0,28
0,7
.0,8517,88 (KGm)
5. Cong suat ct got:
N kW
Mn
4 , 6
975
351 . 88 , 17
975
= =
So vi cong suat my N8,5k, dam bao an ton khi my lm viec.

84

Bi tap 2:
Xc dinh che do cat khi khot, doa tren my K125 theo cc buc sau
Khot l 39,6 t l khoan sn d38mm sau d doa l dat 40
3

Mi khot, doa bang thp gi 4, chieu sau l l80, phoi l thp cn nng
b
60KG/mm
2
khi gia cong c tui nguoi: cho biet T
khet
50, T
doa
60

Bi giai:
1. Che do cat khi khot:
a. Chon t: t mm 8 , 0
2
38 6 , 39
=

b. Tnh S theo cong thc tnh do ben dao:
SCs.D
0,6
mm/vng
Theo bang (1-3): Cs0,07
Thay vo: S0,07.39,6
0,6
0,64 mm/v
Theo my, chon S0,6 mm/v
c. Tnh van toc khi khot:
Theo cong thc V Kv
S t T
D Cv
Yv Xv m
Z
v
.
(m/ph)
Theo bang (3-3)
Cv16,3: v0,3: Xv0,2: y
v
0,5: m03
Bang (5-3): Km
v
1,25: bang (7-1): Kn
v
1
Bang (6-3): Kl
v
1: bang (8-1): Ku
v
1
Kv1,25.1.1.11,25
Thay vo:
V 30 25 , 1 .
6 , 0 8 , 0 50
6 , 39 . 3 , 16
5 , 0 2 , 0 3 , 0
3 , 0
= (m/ph)
Theo my lay n190v/pht
d. Momen khi khot:
M ( ) KGm
Z D Kp S t Cp
Yp
X
p
1000 . 2
. . . .

Theo bang (11-1): Cp
200: Xp
1: p
1
Bang (12-1) v (13-1): Km
p
85 . 0
75
60
75 , 0
=
(

Bang (15-1) K
p
0,981K1 K0,85.0,98.10,8
Thay vo:
M ) ( 94 , 5
1000 . 2
4 . 6 , 39 . 8 , 0 . 6 , 0 . 8 , 0 . 200
1 1
KGm =
e. Cong suat cat.

85
N kW 1 , 1
975
190 . 94 , 5
=
So vi my lNl8,5k dam bao viec an ton.

2. Che do cat khi doa.

a. Chon t: t mm 2 , 0
2
6 , 39 40
=

b. Chon S:
Theo sc ben dao c cong thc: SC
s
.D
0,7

Theo bang (2-3): C
3
0,12
Thay vo S0,12.40
0,7
1,6mm
Theo thuyet minh my, chon S0,81mm
c. Tnh van toc theo cong thc nhu khi khot.
Theo bang (3-3): Cv10,5: v0,3: Xv0,2: v0,65: m0,4
(5-3): Km
v
1,25: (6-3): Kl
v
1: (8-1): Ku
v
1: Kn
v
1Kv1,25
Thay vo:
V 5 , 11
81 , 0 . 2 , 0 . 60
25 , 1 . 40 . 5 , 10
65 , 0 2 , 0 4 , 0
3 , 0
= (m/ph)
So vng quay truc chnh
n 5 , 95
40 . 14 , 3
5 , 11 . 1000 1000
= =
D
V
(v/ph)
Theo my lay n97v/ph
d. Momen xoan khi doa nho c the bo qua.

Bi tap 3:
Gia cong dong thi 4 l 11 tren my khoan 2135 bang mi khoan ruot g
thp gi. Vat lieu gia cong GX15-32 c do cng HB163. Xc dinh che do
cat khi chieu sau l khoan l 8mm.

Bi giai:
1. Chieu sau cat: t ) ( 5 , 5
2
11
2
mm
D
= =
2. Buc tien S:
S 7,34 2 , 11
163
11
34 , 7
75 , 0
81 , 0
75 , 0
81 , 0
= =
HB
D
(mm/v)
V dng dau nhieu truc khoan dong thi 4 l nen phai giam luong chay dao
S khoang (2030), do d lay S0,6(mm/v)
3. Toc do cat:

86
Theo cong thc: V Kv
S t T
D Cv
Yv Xv m
Zv
. .
.
(m/ph)
Theo bang (3-3): Cv1,71: v-0,25: Xv0: v0,4: m0,125
(4-3): T45: bang (6-3): Kl
v
1
(5-3): Km
v
1,27: bang (7-1): Kn
v
0,7: bang (8-1): Ku
v
1
Thay vo cong thc:
V 1 , 21 1 , 1 . 7 , 0 . 27 , 1
6 , 0 . 5 , 5 . 45
11 . 1 , 17
4 0 125 , 0
25 , 0
= (m/ph)
Tnh so vng quay cua mi khoan:
n 610
.
1000
=
D
v
(v/ph)
4. Momen xoan l luc chieu truc.
MC
M
.
M
M M
m
Y Z
K S D . . (KGm)
Po Cp. Kp S D
p p
Y Z
. . (KG)
Theo bang (7-3): C
M
0,022:
M
2,5:
M
0,8: Cp42,7: p1: p0,8
Theo bang (12-1) v (13-1): Km
p
Km
M
0,912
Thay vo cong thc:
M0,022.11
2,5
.0,6
0,8
.0,9121,5(KGm)
Po42,7.11
1
.0,6
0,8
.0,912284(KG)
V khoan dong thi bang 4 mi khoan nen luc chieu truc bang
4Po 284.4 1136 (KG)
So snh luc cho php Po
M
o thuyet minh, my lm viec an ton.
5. Cong suat khi khoan.
N ) ( 1
975
610 . 5 , 1
975
kW
Mn
= =
Tong cong suat cua ca 4 mi khoan l 4k so vi cong suat my l 6k
thoa mn dieu kien an ton.
6. Xc dinh so vng quay cua truc chnh v luong chay dao cua dau khoan:
Biet: n
chudong
n
t.chnh
: S
dkh
n
my

Qung dung di duoc cua mot diem tren dau khoan bang qung dung cua
mot diem tren lui cat chnh cua mi khoan.
S
d.kh
.n
t.chnh
S
dao
.n
dao
0,6.610420(mm/ph)
Chon so vng quay cua truc chnh theo thuyet minh my l 400v/ph
S
daukhoan
05 , 1 .
400
420 .
.
=
chinh t
dao dao
n
S n
( mm/v)
Theo thuyet minh my chon luong chay dao l 0,96.
Do d luong chay dao thuc te cua dung cu l:
S
thuc
55 , 0
610
96 , 0 . 400 .
= =
dao
dk tc
n
S n
(mm/v)


87

1. Cau tao v cong dung mi khoan, cac yeu to ct khi khoan, cach tinh luc,
Mx, che do ct khi khoan.
2. Cau tao, goc do, cong dung mi khot.
3. Cau tao, che do ct khi khot, doa?
Chuong 9 : Phay

88

CHUONG 9

Bi 9
PHAY
(6tiet)
1. Muc dch:

+ Gii thieu cong dung, dac diem ket cau cc loai dao phay.

2. Yeu cau:

+ V duoc gc do dao.
+ Nam duoc dac trung phay.
+ Xc dinh duoc che do cat.
N DUNG
9.1. Khi niem:

Phay l mot trong nhng phuong thc pho thong de gia cong mat phng,
mat rnh c dung knh thng, mat tru trn xoay. o chnh xc dat duoc l
cap T6T7, do bng dat 8 7, Ra ( 2,51,25) m khi phay tinh c the
dat cao hon (Ra0,32m).
Chuyen dong chnh khi phay l chuyen dong quay trn cua dao, chuyen
dong tien thung l chuyen dong tinh tien qua lai cua bn bat vat.

9.2 Dac trung cua phuong php phay

+ Do c mot so lui tham gia cat nen nang suat cao hon bo tien.
+ Lui dao cat khong lm viec lien tuc v khoi luong giao phay thung
ln nen dieu kien truyen nhiet tot.
+ Dien tch cat khi phay thay doi, do d luc cat thay doi gay rung dong
trong qu trnh cat.
+ Do lui lm viec gin doan, gay va dap v rung dong, nen kha nang
ton tai leo dao t.

Chuong 9 : Phay

89
9.3 Cc loai dao phay v cong dung cua n

- Dao phay tru v dao phay mat dau l 2 loai dao co ban de gia cong mat
phng.
9.3.1 Phan loai

- Dao phay tru : ung tam cua n song song vi mat gia cong rang bo
tr tren mat truc (Hnh 1.a).
- Dao phay mat dau dung tam dao vuong gc vi mat phng can gia
cong rang bo tr tren mat dau (Hnh 1.b).
- T hai loai tren ngui ta che tao cc loai dao khc bang cch bo tr cc
rang tren mat dau v mat tru gom c:
- Dao phay rnh: c 2 hoac 3 mat rang dng gia cong rnh hoac mat ben c
be rong nho (Hnh 1.c).
- Dao phay da: giong rnh nho cat dt (Hnh 1.d).
- Dao phay ngn: rang bo tr ca mat dau v mat tru dng gia cong mat
ben nho, rnh kn (rnh then, mat trn xoay) ( Hnh 1.e).
- Dao phay gc: rang bo tr tren mat con, gc giao phu thuoc vo gc chi
tiet gia cong mat dinh hnh.
- Dao phay dinh hnh: proin rang giong proin chi tiet gia cong mat
dinh hnh (hnh 1.h).
H9.1 Cac loai dao phay
9.3.2 Cau tao dao phay mat tru - mat dau
9.3.2.1 Dao phay mat tru rang xoan.
9.3.2.1.1 Cac kich thuoc co ban
Cc kch truc co ban: D, , dang rang, h.duoc quy chuan- ta de cap
den mot so yeu to c lien quan den viec chon dao khi lap quy trnh cong
nghe (QTCN) .

Cc phuong php gia cong phay: a.Phay mat phng bang dao phay tru: b. Dao mat dau: c,d Dao phay da: e, Dao phay ngn: . Dao
phay gc: g. Dao phay dinh hnh
Chuong 9 : Phay

90

+ ung knh D:
Khi D , chieu day cat , gc tiep xc , do d S.
dan den T
m
giam nhung tan
nhiet tot. Nhung P
cat
can N
cat

do d neu my cong suat ln
chon D ln.
D, d chon theo tieu chuan.
+ Buc vng - buc truc:
+ So rang :
Chon phu thuoc vo che
do cat v vat lieu gia cong, chon
theo kinh nghiem m D ,
trong d
m (0,5 2) l he so phu
thuoc loaidao v dieu kien gia cong.
H9.2 Dao phay tru rng xon
- Gia cong cng vng:
Dao thp gi : m ln
Dao hop kim cng: m nho
9.3.2.1.2 Cc gc do dao
+ Gc xoan : gc nghieng rang vi truc dao
Khi dao ben hon (so rang cat ), do bng nhung kha nang chiu
uon dao giam thung dng: (30 60)
0
.
Dao rang thng 0
0
(hien nay t dng).
+ Gc truc :
o tren mat phng N-N, tri so cua n phu thuoc vat lieu gia cong ,vat
lieu dao.
- Dao thp gi (5 25)
- Dao hop kim cng (-15 15)
- Tri so nho: gia cong vat lieu cng
- Tri so ln: gia cong vat lieu deo
+ Gc sau :
Xc dinh tren mat phng vuong gc truc dao.
: phu thuoc dang dao v yeu cau gia cong
Dao thp gi: (12 20)
5
2
4
1
r
h
n
3
2
Tn
Ttr
Tv
1
e

Chuong 9 : Phay

91
Dao cat ,phay rnh: 30
Dao hop kim cng: (8 20)
Phay tinh: (5 8)
9.3.2.1 Dao phay mt dau.
a1
1
a
2
1
2
3
4

H9.3 Dao phay mt dau
9.3.2.1.1 Khi niem
Dao phay mat dau c cc thong so ket cau tuong tu nhu dao phay tru
rang xoan nhung n c 1 so dac diem khc nhu:
- Mi rang c 3 lui cat khi phay bang mat dau th 2-3 l lui cat chnh,
3-4 l lui cat phu, lui 1-2 khong tham gia cat.
- Khi phay mat thng dng bang mat tru th chi c 12 tham gia cat lc ny
2
chnh l .
9.3.2.1.2 Cc gc cua dao

+ Gc (
2
): gc doi vi dao mat dau duoc chon nho hon dao tru v
n t anh huong den do bng m chu yeu lm tang do ben lui cat.
(2535)
- Gc truc , gc sau nhu dao mat tru
- Gc lech chnh , gc lech phu
1
xc dinh nhu dao tien don.
,
1
nho th chieu lui cat ln lm tuoi ben cao, do bng cao
Khi phay lng c the su dung
0
0, l
0
(4 6)S
0
hoac c the lay
0

90
0
.
Chuong 9 : Phay

92
1 0
lo
1 0=0
lo

H9.4 Cac goc cua dao phay mt dau

9.3.3 Cc yeu to cat khi phay v dien tch lp cat

9.3.3.1 Chieu sau ct t
0
Chieu sau cat t
0
l khoang cch gia be mat chua gia cong v be mat d
gia
cong sau mot lt cat.
9.3.3.2 Chieu sau phay
L kch thuc lp kim loai duoc cat di do theo phuong vuong gc vi
truc dao phay ng vi gc tiep xc
- Dao phay tru, dao phay da, dinh hnh, dao gc th t t
0
- Dao phay ngn t
0
B : t t
0
- Dao phay mat dau t t
0
vi t do vuong gc vi truc dao ng vi gc
tiep xc .
9.3.3.3 Buoc tien S
L do dich chuyen tren mat phng ngang cua bn my, khi phay ngui
ta xc dinh 3 loai buc tien
- Buc tien rang: S ( mm/rang)
- Buc tien theo vng So S. (mm/v)
- Buc tien theo pht Sp S. . n (mm/ph)
Khi phay tho chon S theo sc ben rang, nen chon theo S
de dieu chinh
my
Chuong 9 : Phay

93
()
t
C
D
B
()
D
t

H9.5 Chieu sau ct khi phay
9.3.3.4 Ioc do ct v:
L toc do cua dao (chuyen dong chnh)
v
1000
. . n D
(mm/ph)
D: dung knh dao phay (doi vi dao dinh hnh, dao phay gc to chon D
ln nhat)

9.3.3.5 Dien tich lop ct
- Do rong phay B: l kch thuc lp kim loai duoc cat do theo phuong
truc dao
- Gc tiep xc : l gc o tam tuong ng vi mat phng tiep xc cua
dao v phoi )
+ Dao phay hnh tru:
Cos =
OC
OB
=
2
2
D
t
D

=1
D
t 2

+ Dao phay mat dau:
Sin
2
=
D
t
v Cos = 1- 2Sin
2
2

1- 2(
D
t
)
2

- So rang cat dng thi i:
+ Dao phay mat dau:
i / trong d 360
0
/.
H9.6 So do tinh so rng ct dong thi i
+ Dao phay mat tru:
B
D
truc
B
3 2 1
1 2 3
Chuong 9 : Phay

94

Rang thng i /360( nhu dao mat dau).
Rang nghieng: neu chi ke so rang tren mat dau i
1
()x/360.
Neu chi ke so rang tren chieu rong phay B ta c
i
2
B/T
truc
.
i
1
+i
2
/360+B/T
truc
( hnh ben)
Chu y: neu i l so le ta lm trn len mot don vi.
V du: i 2
1/3
ta lay i
max
3.
- Chiu dy cat a:
Chieu dy cat khi phay(a) l khoang cch gia 2 vi tr ke tiep cua qu
dao chuyen dong cua mot diem tren lui cat ng vi luong chay dao S
, a
do theo phuong hung knh dao.
Trong khi phay a bien doi
t a
max
a
min
hoac nguoc lai
tuy phuong php phay.
+ Dao phay tru:

Coi CMN l vuong ta c :
a
M
S
.sin v c a
max

S
.sin, ta quy uc a
tb

S
.sin/2.
H9.7 Iinh chieu dy ct a voi dao phay tru
+ Dao phay mat dau :
Theo hnh v ta c a
M

n.sin, m n S
cos,
vay:
a
M
S
cossin
quy uc a
tb
ng vi gc
/4, vay ta c:
a
tb
S
cos/4sin
a
max
S
sin (0)
a
min
S
cos/2sin

- Chiu rong cat b khi
phay:
+ Dao phay mat dau:

H9.8 Iinh chieu dy ct a voi dao phay mt dau

N
S
C
n
t
C N
M
am
amax
S
S
t
D
C
1 2
Sx
1
2
n
am
a
b
S
-
N-N
Chuong 9 : Phay

95
Chieu rong lp cat nhu tien l mot luong khong doi.
Khi 0 bB/sin
Khi 0
bB/(sincos)
+ Dao phay tru rang thng: Bb
+ Dao phay tru rang nghieng:

Ta khai trien mat tru dao phay tru theo
hnh v, ta c chieu rong lp cat khi
phay( thi diem dang xt) cua mot rang
duoc xc dinh bang cong thc:

sin 2
) ' ' (
c d
D
b

=
Sau khi tnh duoc cc thong so tren ta
c the tnh duoc dien tch cat khi phay

+Dao phay tru rang thng:
Ta xt c cua 1 rang c a
n
.b
n

trong d:

H9.9 Iinh chieu rong ct b voi dao phay tru

a
n
S.sinn
b
n
B
n
S.b.sinn
Neu dong thi c 1 rang cat th
c S.B.
=
i
n
n
1
sin (1)
+ Dao phay tru rang nghieng
Ta cng xt mot rang th n no
dang cat chieu dy cat a
n
S.sinn
( ch : a
n
thay doi theo n, n thay
doi t (
n
c

d
n
) dien tch lp cat
ng vi a
n
, d
bn
l:
D
n
a
n
.d
bn

H9.10 So do tinh dien tich khi phay bng dao phay rng thng

bi
dbi
x
t
B
B
S
c
d
n
D
D
B
b1
'c
'd
S
t
Chuong 9 : Phay

96

Trong d:
d
bn

sin
2
sin
d
D
x
=

n

}
d
c
bn n
d a
}
c
d
n
c
d
Sz D
n
. sin 1
sin 2
.

Sau khi lay tch phan ta c:
n
[ ]
|
.
|
\
|

n
d
n
c
Sz D

cos cos .
sin 2
.

Neu trong cung tiep xc c i rang dong thi cat th dien tch cat tong
cong bang:
[ ]

= =
=
i
n
i
n
n
d
n
c i
Sz D
f
1 1
cos cos .
sin 2
.

(2)
-
c
dao phay mat dau:
Dien tch cat do mot rang cat
n

a
n
.b
n

Trong d:
a
n
S.sin .cosn
b
n

sin
B

n B.S.Cosn
Tong dien tch cat do i rang cat:
B.S.
=
i
n
n
1
cos (3)

H9.11 So do tinh dien tich lop ct khi phay bng dao phay rng xon
9.3.4. Phay can bang

Qua cong thc (1), (2), (3) ta thay tong dien tch cat khi phay l mot dai
luong khong doi phu thuoc gc n do d luc cat khi phay thay doi dan ti
rung dong nen do bng gia cong giam o day ta xt sao cho
c
const (hang
so).
Vay:
Qu trnh phay vi
c
const goi l phay can bang
9.3.4.1 Dao phay tru rng nghieng:
S
B
t
B
n
c2d1
c1d2
d3
c30
c1d2
c2d3
d1 d2 d3
c2 c1
Ttr c3
d1
Chuong 9 : Phay

97

Ta xt khi diem dau rang sau ng vi diem cuoi rang truc

Khai trien cong thc (2): [ ]

= =
=
i
n
i
n
n
d
n
c i
Sz D
f
1 1
cos cos .
sin 2
.

( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
i
d
i
c d c d c
Sz D

cos cos ... cos cos cos cos

sin . 2
.
2 2 1 1
+ + +
v
1 2
cos cos
c c
= :
2 3
cos cos
c d
=
Sau khi don gian ta c: ( )
1 1
cos cos .
sin . 2
.
d c
Sz D

trong d: 0 =
i
c
: =
1
cos
c

c ( )
cos 1
sin
.
t Sz

thay
D
t 2
1 cos = vo ta c:

sin
.t Sz
Const
Mo rong ra khi B K.T
truc

trong d K l so nguyen, K 1,2,3.ta c:

sin
.
.
t Sz
K
thay K
truc
T
B
v T
truc

g
z
D
cot .
.

ta duoc:
c
cos . .
. . .
sin
.
.
cot . .
.
sin
.
.
D
Z t Sz B t Sz
g D
B Z t Sz
K = =
O day t d rt ra ket luan: khi truc B K.T
truc
s c phay can bang,
ngui ta dng phay can bang trong gia cong loat ln v hng khoi.
9.3.4.2 Dao phay truc rng thng, mt dau:
+ Dao phay tru: ngui ta d chng minh rang khong the tm duoc deu
kien phay can bang
+Dao phay mat dau: cng khong c deu kien phay can bang nhung
ngui ta d chng minh duoc bien php dien tch cat t thay doi
- tang so rang
- tang ty so t/D (c ngha l tang chieu sau phay t)
Chuong 9 : Phay

98
Neu do ket cau dao khong tang ta c dieu kien t D s c
c
thay doi
t nhat.
9.3.5 Phay thuan - Phay nghich
n
S
Pn
Pr
Pd
R
P
n
Pd
P
R
Pn
Pr
S
Phay thuan
Phay nghich

H9.12 Phay thuan v phay nghich
9.3.5.1 Phay thuan
9.3.5.1.1 inh ngha
Phay thuan khi dao quay cng vi phuong chuyen dong cua my nang
chi tiet gia cong.
9.3.5.1.2 ac diem
+ u diem:
- Chieu sau cat thay doi t a
max
a
min
do d khong xay ra su truot, dao
d mn, tuoi ben dao tang.
- C thnh phan P
d
d chi tiet xuong tang kha nang kep chat, giam rung
dong.
- Bat dau cat got a a
max
nen xay ra va cham dot ngot, dao de me, rung
dong tang manh
- Luc Pn day chi tiet theo phuong chuyen dong chay dao S nen su tiep
xc gia be mat ren cua vt me truyen luc v dai oc c the khong lien tuc
my bi giat cuc gay rung dong.
9.3.5.1.3 Cong dung
Phuong php phay ny dng gia cong tinh v khi ny chieu dy cat a
mong, P
n
nho nen rung dong t, mat khc khong bi truot dao nen do bng
cao, dao lau mn.
9.3.5.2 Phay nghich
Chuong 9 : Phay

99
9.3.5.2.1. inh ngha
Phay nghich l phuong php phay trong d dao v chi tiet c chuyen
dong nguoc chieu nhau.
9.3.5.2.2 Dc diem
+ u diem:
- Chieu dy cat tang t a
min
0 a
max
do d luc cat tang dan nen trnh
duoc rung dong
- Thnh phan Pn c xu hung lm tang cung su an khp gia be mat
ren vt me v dai oc cho nen khong gay nen do do, do d trnh duoc rung
dong
+ Nhuoc diem:
- V bat dau cat a 0 nen xay ra su truot gia lui cat v be mat gia
cong nen giam do bng be mat gia cong, dao chng mn.
- Thnh phan P
d
c xu hung nang chi tiet len v vay gay rung dong do
d di hoi luc kep phai ln.
9.3.5.2.3 Cong dung
Phuong php phay nghich ny dng de gia cong tho.
9.3.5.3 Luc v cong suat khi phay
9.3.5.3.1 Luc ct khi phay:
+ Doi vi dao phay tru rang xoan
R
Q
P
Pr
Po
Po
P Q
Pn
Ps
Pr
S
P
R
Pd
Pn
n

H9.13 So do tinh luc ct khi phay

Chuong 9 : Phay

100
Goi Q
l tong luc tc dung len rang xoan ta c the phan tch luc Q
nhu
sau:
o P n P d P o P z P o P R Q

+ + = + + = + = r P
hoac
N S
P P Q

+ =
- Khi phan tch luc tc dung len dao:
o P z P Q

+ + = r P
z P
: luc tiep tuyen can lai chuyen dong chnh tieu hao cong suat my
r P
: luc hung tam xu hung lm vng truc dao , day dao khoi vat gia
cong , gay rung dong
o P
: luc doc truc dao khi chon dao sao cho Po hung vo o truc my
hoac dng 2 dao de Po triet tieu nhau
- Khi phan tch luc tc dung len vat lm:
o n d
P P P Q

+ + =
d P
: luc thng dng tuy theo phay thuan hay nghich m n c tc dung
d chi tit hay nang chi tiet nen(dng de tnh luc kep do g).
n P
: luc nam ngang tuy theo phay thuan hay nghich m n c tc dung
lm tang hay khu do do cua vt me dai oc bn my
Ngoi ra ta c the phan tch:
N S
P P Q

+ =
N
P
: luc tc dung vuong gc vi lui cat

S
P
: luc doc theo lui cat duoc tao ra do ma st cua phoi ben mat truc
theo phuong xoan vt do d gay ra su co rt phoi theo chieu rong lp cat
9.3.5.3.2 Dao phay mat dau
Cng nhu dao phay tru ta c the phan tch tong luc Q
tc dung len dao

phay mat dau thnh cc luc thnh phan nhu sau: r P
, n P
, d P
, z P
, o P
(hnh v
tren).

+ Ch : Trong qu trnh cat, luc cat thay doi phu thuoc vo su thay doi
dien tch cat do d cc thnh phan luc tren l luc trung bnh.
Luc P
duoc tnh theo cong thc:

P
C
p
.t
xp
.S
yp
..B
p
.D
qp
(KG)
C
p
: he so phu thuoc vat lieu gia cong v loai dao phay (bang 80
CCXGCC)
t: chieu sau phay (mm)
S
: luong chay dao tren mot rang (mm)

Chuong 9 : Phay

101
tB
Pr
P
R
Pd
Pn
n
S
Pr
P
R
S
Pd
Pn
n
Phay doi xng

Phay khong doi xng

H9.14 Phay doi xung v phay khong doi xung

: so rang dao phay
B: chieu rong phay (mm)
D: dung knh dao phay (mm)
xp, yp, p, qp: tra bang 80 (CCGCCK)
Sau d dua vo quan he gia P v cc luc ta c the xc dinh duoc P
n
, P
d
,
P
o
theo P
(trung bnh)
9.3.5.3.2 Cong suat khi phay
Cong suat khi phay tnh theo cong thc sau:
N
cg

102 . 60
.V Pz
(K)
9.3.5.4 Chon che do cat khi phay bang bang so
9.3.5.4.1 Chieu sau ct t.
Chieu sau cat t phu thuoc luong du cat, do bng be mat ket hop vi cc
yeu to lien quan cua phay, cong suat my, do cng vng cua he thong cong
nghe (giong nhu tien).
9.3.5.4.1 Buoc tien S.
Chuong 9 : Phay

102
Buc tien S phu thuoc vo tnh chat vat lieu v do bng be mat, do cng
vng cua he thong cong nghe (HTCN).
Gia cong tho:
chon S
(mm/rang)
Gia cong tinh:
chon S
p
(mm/ph)
Khi phay tinh do nhap nho be mat
do luong chay dao vng S
o
quyet dinh.
9.3.5.4.3 Ioc do ct v
V phu thuoc vo kch thuc dao, t, S
d chon.
Tra bang 182-2: 196-2 (So tay Cong
Nghe Che Tao My)
Sau d:
- T v tnh ra n
D
V
.
1000
(vng/ph)
- oi chieu vi my chon toc do
thuc n
t

- Tnh lai v
t
: v
t

1000
. .
t
n D
(v/ph).
H9.15 Cac trung hop tinh I

(Giong nhu tien)
9.3.5.4.4 Iinh lai S
p
, S
:
thuc.
S
p
S
..n S
o
.n (mm/ph)
oi chieu vi my chon S
p
thuc v tnh lai S
thuc:
S(t)
t
n Z
t Sp
.
) (
(mm/rang)
9.3.5.4.5 Aghiem cong suat.
Nd.
my
Ncg
Ncg tra bang 202-2, 223-2 ( So tay CNCTM)
9.3.5.4.6 Iinh thi gian chay may.

T
m

) (t Sp
L

Trong d:
L 1 + + y
S
S
S
y1
t
y
l
Bt
y1
t

Chuong 9 : Phay

103
l: chieu di chi tiet gia cong
: khoang chay qu lay (15)mm
y: khoang chay ti tnh nhu sau
+ Khi phay bang dao tru
y ) ( t D t
+ Dao phay mat dau doi xng
y 0,5. [ ] B D D
2
(Bt)
+ Dao phay mat dau khong doi xng
y ) .( B D B (Bt).

1. Cong dung, dc diem, phan loai cac loai dao phay?
2. Irinh by ve cac thong so dao phay mt dau: cac goc dao, cac lui
ct?
3. Irinh by ve cac thong so dao phay tru: kich thuoc co ban, goc, so
rng...
4. Ihe no l phay thuan, phay nghich, phay can bng? Ciai thich cac
trung hop.
5. Iinh v chon che do ct khi phay?
Chuong 10 : Trut

104

CHUONG 10

Bi 10
TRUOT
(2 tiet)
1. Muc dch:

- Cung cap khi niem gia cong bang phuong php truot.

2. Yeu cau:

- Nam duoc cau tao cua dao truot
- Chon duoc thong so cat got
NI DUNG
10.1 Khi niem

- Truot l phuong php gia cong l suot c tiet dien trn, dinh hnh c dung
knh thng nhu l trn, l then hoa, l vuong... c nang suat cao nhat.
- Truot c the dat do bng 8, 9 ( Ra0,630,32) chnh xc cap T 5T6.
- Do nang suat cao dng trong san xuat hng loat ln v hng khoi
- Qu trnh chuot chi thuc hien mot lan cat do d so luong rang dao phu thuoc
luong du v proin rang phai dng vi proin l gia cong dao chuot che tao, mi
sua kh, tuoi ben dao ln.
- Do c so rang cat dong thi ln nen can my phai c cong suat cao
- Toc do cat thap (38)m/pht.
10.2 Ket cau dao truot
10.1.1 Dao truot.
Dao truot l mot dung cu c nhieu lui cat, tuy theo hnh dng be mat l m
c the dao truot trn, vuong, thp hoa, su canh (tiet dien vuong gc truc dao).

Ket cau dao truot trn duoc mo ta nhu sau:
Chuong 10 : Trut

105
dx d
1
2 3
4
5
6 7
L Lnk Lnh Lp Lk L3h Lu
L
dnb
a
h
t
g
r
R
Mat sau
Mat truc
Rang cat
Rang phan sua dng
=(1-3)
=(1-3)

H10.1 Ket cau dao truot
- Phan 1: dau dao dng de kep dao truot trong d g v truyen luc.
- Phan 2,3: co dao v con chuyen tiep
- Phan 4: phan dinh hung pha truc dinh tam chi tiet truc khi chuot, bao ve
rang dao truot khong bi gay khi qu tai (luong du qu ln)
- Phan 5: phan cat lm nhiem vu cat het luong du cc rang c dung knh tang
dan mot luong 2S

(S
: luong nang dao truot), tren rang cat c nhng rnh chia phoi
thnh nhng doan nho (rnh chia phoi o rang truc v sau bo tr xen k) do d giam
bien dang lp cat v luc cat.
- Phan 6: phan sua dng kch thuc l v tang do bng gia cong, phan ny c
t (48) rang, dung knh nhu nhau bang kch thuc l gia cong v khong c rnh
chia phoi.
- Phan 7: phan dinh hung pha sau: lm nhiem vu dinh hung chi tiet khi rang
cuoi cng chua ra khoi l
10.1.2 Gc do dao truot
10.1.2.1 Coc
- Phan cat (520) tuy theo vat lieu gia cong
- Phan sua dng (05) de dung knh dao lau bi giam khi mi lai
10.1.2.2 Gc sau
Anh huong ti tuoi ben dao v kch thuc dao
- Rang cat: (23)
- Rang sua dng (12)
Dao truot ngoai (510) v c the dieu chinh duoc kch thuc gia cong.
Chuong 10 : Trut

106

10.1.2.3 Canh vin p
e tang tuoi tho dao truot tren phan sua dng ngui ta lm canh vien
0,2mm canh vien duoc mi bng 10( R40).
10.1.3 So d cat khi truot
Tuy theo hnh dang, do chnh xc v kch thuc cua chi tiet gia cong, trang
thi phoi ta dng cc so do cat khc nhau.
So do cat c anh huong ti su phan bo tai trong tren rang tuoi ben dao, ngui
ta dng 3 so do cat sau:
a
b c

H10.2 Ba kieu ct cua dao truot
10.1.3.1 Truot theo lp (a)
Lp hop kim cat ra c dang proin dong dang vi proin chi tiet gia cong,
proin rang dao proin be mat cat.
- Uu diem: vi so do ny a mong, b ln dam bao do bng, do chnh xc cao.
- Nhuoc diem: dao che tao phc tap luc cat ln.
10.1.3.2 Truot an dan (b)
Proin lp cat v proin lui cat khong giong proin be mat gia cong, nhng
rang cuoi c hnh dang be mat gia cong.
- Uu diem: dao che tao don gian hon (v dao trn xoay).
- Nhuoc diem: do bng v do chnh xc thap hon truot lp v be mat gia cong
gia 2 lp cat c vet cat do cc rang rieng biet tao ra.
10.1.3.3 Truot theo manh (c)
Tuong tu truot an dan nhung mi lp kim loai c chieu dy a, chieu rong b
duoc cat boi mot nhm rang (23) rang.
Chuong 10 : Trut

107
- Uu diem: chieu rong lp cat nho tang chieu dy cat (a) luc cat tc dung len
dao nho.
- Nhuoc diem: v a ln dao de mn mat truc, dao che tao phc tap phuong
php ny dng cho chi tiet c vo cng, thnh mong do cng vng km
10.1.4 Cc yeu to cat khi truot
10.1.4.1 Chieu dy ct a
Chieu dy cat duoc tnh bang luong nang rang (aS)
Thung a (0,02 0,2)mm, vat lieu deo, km ben a chon nho v nguoc lai
10.1.4.2 Chieu rong ct
L phan chieu di lui cat tham gia cat
Th du: truot l trn (phuong php truot lp) b .D (thuc te chieu rong cat
phai tr di rnh chia phoi)
10.1.4.3 Dien tich ct
- Dien tch cat mot rang l: a.b (mm
2
)
- Tong dien tch cat do i rang cat dong thi l:
.i (mm
2
) i L/t
L: chieu di be mat truot (mm)
t: buc rang dao truot
+ Ch : i l mot so thay doi do thay doi nen luc cat thay doi dan den gay
rung dong (de giam bt rung dong ta dng dao truot rang nghieng di mot gc
(1030)).
10.1.5 Chon che do cat khi truot bang bang so
Chon che do cat khi truot khc cc phuong php khc o ch chieu sau v buc
tien duoc xc dinh boi ket cau dao.
Ta tien hnh theo trnh tu sau:
10.1.5.1 Chon v theo bang 292-2 (SICACIM)
Phu thuoc: vat lieu gia cong, vat lieu dao, dang truot v do chnh xc dat duoc
10.1.5.2 Iinh luc can P, nghiem luc ko PcPko
+ Truot l trn:
P Cp.S
yp
z
.D. (KG)
+ Truot then hoa: then:
P Cp.S
yp
z
.b..n (KG)
Chuong 10 : Trut

108
Cp: he so phu thuoc vat lieu gia cong
S: luong chay dao rang (phu thuoc dao)
b: chieu rong rnh then (mm)
: so rang dong thi cat
n: so rnh then
D: dung kh l truot
10.1.5.3 Aghiem cong suat
Ncg
102 . 60
.V P
Ndc.
10.1.5.4 Iinh I
m
.
T
m

1000 .
1
V
l l Lp + +

Lp: chieu di lm viec dao (mm)
l: chieu di chi tiet truot (mm)
l
1
: luong vuot qu (510)mm

V du:
Truot l tru d50mm, l70: vat lieu gia cong l thp cacbon ket cau c
b
75KG/mm
2
: do cng HB200: dng dao thp gi P18 vi luong nang dao
S
0,02mm c buc rang t12mm: tuoi ben trung bnh T420pht, xc dinh che do
cat tren my Truot.
ieu kien lm viec tui lanh bang dung dich Sulur reone.

Bi giai:
1. Toc do cat khi Truot.
V
y
Z
m
S T
Cv
.
(m/ph)
Vat lieu l thp cacbon ket cau
b
75KG/mm
2
, HB200.
Theo bang (1-4): Cv16,8: y
v
0,62: m0,62
Thay vo cong thc tnh V:
V 6 , 4
02 , 0 . 420
8 , 16
62 , 0 62 , 0
= m/(ph)
2. Luc cat:
Theo cong thc: PP.b(KG)
b
1
.
360
.
.
Z
Zv
d

Chuong 10 : Trut

109
Chon dao c so do cat theo lp, v1: d50mm l tru, 360
0
:
1
l/t70/125,83 6.
Thay vo b.d.
1
3,14.6.50942mm
Theo bang (6-1): Luc tren chieu di lui cat dao truot l: p10,5 (KG/mm)
3. Cong suat cat l :
N kW
V Pz
2 , 7
102 . 60
6 , 4 . 1 , 989
102 . 60
.
= =


1. Cong dung v ket cau cua dao truot?
2. Cac so do ct khi truot?
3. Cach chon che do ct khi truot?
Chuong 11 : Mi

110

CHUONG 11

Bi 11
MAI
(2tiet)
1. Muc dch:

- Gii thieu cong dung v phuong php mi, gii thieu d v cch chon d mi.

2. Yeu cau:

- Nam duoc ket cau d mi.
- oc duoc k hieu v cch chon d mi.
- Nam duoc mot so phuong php mi thong dung.

NI DUNG

11.1 ac diem phuong php mi:

Mi l mot phuong php gia cong kim loai bang cat got kim loai, my mi chiem
khoang 30 trong so my cat kim loai.
Hien nay mi khong nhng chi dng o cc nguyen cong tinh v cn o cc nguyen
cong tho khi can c nang suat v hieu qua kinh te cao.
Mi c dac diem sau:
* Khi cat tinh mi dat 8 12( Ra0,630,04), T4T6 v ln hon do
chnh xc dat (0,002 0,003)mm.
* Toc do cat ln (60 80)m/s (hien nay 120m/s 300m/s) nen t
0
mi cao
(1000
0
c).
* Tiet dien phoi cat b.
* mi l dung cu cat nhieu lui, hat mi c hnh dang v vi tr khc nhau
dong thi cat cc gc cat khi mi khong hop l, ta coi mi l qu trnh co
xuc lien tuc.
* Do khong thay doi vi tr v hnh dang hnh hoc cua hat mi nen viec dieu
chinh qu trnh mi.
* Trong qu trnh mi d mi c kha nang tu mi sac mot phan.
11.2 Cau tao d mi:
mi duoc dac trung boi cc thong so sau:
Vat lieu mi. chat ket dnh, do hat, do cng, cau trc hnh dng, kch thuc d.
Chuong 11 : Mi

111

11.2.1 Vat lieu mi:

Vat lieu hat mi gom 2 loai: Kim cuong v hat mi.
* Kim cuong:
+ Kim cuong thien nhien
+ Kim cuong nhan tao
* Hat mi nhan tao:
+ xyt nhom dien:
+ xyt nhom dien thung so (l)
+ xyt nhom dien trang
+ xyt nhom don tinh the 97 99 l
+ Cc bt sillic: (Si + C) c hai dang
+ Ccbt Sillic xanh (K) (9899) SiC
+ Ccbt Sillic den (K4) (7798) SiC
+ Ccbt Bo: B
4
C
Chat ket dnh: dng hai loai chat ket dnh:
+ Vo co: ( Ke ra mit), hu co (Beckelit vun ganht)
+ Ke ra mit: (K) dt st, Sillic cat Natri, Sillic ct
+ Manhe: Khong so am, gi duoc proin nhung tnh gin cao.
+ Bakelt: (b) che tao t axit cacbonc ooman c do ben, dn hoi cao, che tao d
vi toc do cat cao.
+ Vun ga nht (B) 70 cacbon + 30 luu huynh v dn hoi cao che tao d mong,
nho (dy 0,3 0,5mm, D 150200mm).
* o hat:
L kch thuc hat mi nam trong d mi (K)
+ Tieu chuan TC 3674-59 quy dinh:
- Hat mi: K hieu 20016
- Bot mi: 12 3
- Bot mi min: M40 M5
* o cng: l kha nang chong lai su vang hat mi ra khoi mat lm viec cua
d dui tc dung cua ngoai luc.
Ngui ta quy dinh nhu sau:
+ Mem: M(1 3) : mem va CM(1 2)
+ Trung bnh: C (1 2) : cng trung bnh CT(1 3)
+ Cng: T (1 3) : rat cng BT (1 2)
+ Cng dac biet: T (1 2)
Theo th tu 1,2,3 do cng tang dan.
Chuong 11 : Mi

112
* Cau trc d:
L tuong quan so luong gia the tch hat mi chat ket dnh v the tch l trong
trong d.
+ Ngui ta chia ra: (1 12) so hieu
+ Cau trc chat: so (1 3)
+ Cau trc trung bnh: (4 6)
+ Cau trc rng: (7 12)

Hnh dang d: d mi duoc che tao theo
nhng tieu chuan quy dinh ve hnh dng
v kch thuc.
Cc dang d mi thung gap:
+K hieu d mi:
Tren d mi c ghi nhng k hieu de tien viec
chon d.

H11.1 Mot cau truc da mi thuc te

Th du: 50.CM1.K5
HH. 350 .50.127.35.m/s
11.2 Cch chon d mi:
11.2.1 Tnh chat co l cua mot so vat lieu mi

Tnh chat Kim cuong Nitrit Bo
lap phuong
Cacbit Bo Cacbit Silic Oxit Nhom
dien
Mang tinh
the
Lap phuong Lap phuong Luc gic Luc gic -
Khoi luong
rieng
(g/cm
3
)
3,48-3,5 3,47 2,48-2,52 3,12-3,2 2,00-2,10
Do cng te
vi(KG/mm
3
)
10.000 8.000-9500 3.700-4300 3.000-3300 2.000-2.400
Modun dn
hi
(KG/mm
2
)
90.000 - 29.600 13.500 -
Gii han
bn nn
(KG/mm
2
)
200 - 180 150 76
He so dan
nhiet(Cal/c
m.s.
0
C)
0,35 - 0,025 0,037 0,047
Chuong 11 : Mi

113
Do chiu
nhiet(
0
C)
700-860 1.500 700-800 1300-1400 1.200
Nhiet
dung(Cal/g)
0,12 - - 0,14 0,18
He so gian
di
(1/10
-6
mm)
0,9-1,45 - 4,5 6,5 7,5
Gii han
bn uon
(KG/mm
2
)
21-49 - 21-28 5-15 8-9
Tnh cat 0,77 0,60 0,40 0,32 0,2

* Chon vat lieu hat mi:
+ Gia cong thp: dng d oxyt Nhom l thch hop
+ Mi gang v hop kim cng dng d mi cacbitSillic
* Chon hnh dng d: Tuy theo cong dung cu the de chon hnh d
* Chon do cng d:
+ Vat lieu cng cng th d mem (v khi d hat mi cng nhanh chng bi mn) v
nguoc lai.
+ Vat lieu deo (l,Cu) do mi mn bi mat tnh cat do d bi cn l chu yeu, can
dng d mem.
* Dien tch tiep xc d:
Chi tiet gia cong ln hat mi chong mn nen d can mem.
* Chon cau trc d:
+ Gia cong tinh v mat dinh hnh can phai chon d c cau trc chat (de gi hnh
dng d).
+ Mi thp toi: dng d cau trc trung bnh.
+ Cau trc xop: gia cong kim loai, mem, deo, mi phng bang mat dau d.
a) mi gc
b) mi dang da c) mi con
d) mi tru
a) mi vt e) mi dinh hnh

H11.2 Mot so loai da mi tieu bieu
Chuong 11 : Mi

114

11.3 Chon che do cat khi mi:

1. Chon d: chon vat lieu hat mi, hnh dng d v cau trc, do hat, do cng
2. Chon chieu sau: t 0,0050,09 mm.
3. Xc dinh n
chi tiet
: xuat pht t mot so dieu kien cong nghe gia cong che tao
san pham:
* Vat lieu gia cong c do cng cng cao th mi de bi chy v nt, khi mi
nen chon toc do quay ln.
* Chi tiet gia cong c do chnh xc yeu cau cao th toc do quay cua d nen
chon thap.
4. Hieu chinh so vng quay tnh ton cua chi tiet cho ph hop vi so vng quay
cua my.
5. Xc dinh luong chay dao doc v luong chay dao pht cua d, kinh nghiem
thung chon S (0,3-0,6) B : B ( chieu rong d). ieu chinh toc do quay cua d
ph hop vi cong suat my v sc ben d.
11.5 Mot so phuong php mi thong dung:
Mi trn ngoi.(a)
Mi trn trong. (b)
Mi phng. (c)
Mi day. (d)
Mi vo tam. (e)
Mi khon. ()
Mi sieu tinh. (g)
Chuong 11 : Mi

115
Vu
B
a) Mi trn ngoi
Vk
Vu
Vk
Vu
Vu
Vk
Vu
x
b) Mi trn trong
c) Mi phang

d) Mi day

Chuong 11 : Mi

116

Vb
mi
dan
Vk
Vu
Vu Vb
Con lan tua
Con lan ty
Vu
Vb Vk
Can day
Chi tiet
e1) Mi v tm ngoi
e2) Mi v tm trong
Chu : Vk : Vn tc d mi
Vu : Vn tc chi tit
Vb : Vn tc d dn

Chi tiet
Thanh mi
Thanh mi siu tinh
g) Mi siu tinh

Hinh 11.3 Cac phuong phap gia cong bng mi

Chuong 11 : Mi

117

1. Aeu dc diem phuong phap mi?
2. Irinh by ket cau da mi v mot so cach chon da mi?
3. Mot so phuong phap gia cong bng mi thong dung trong co khi?
Nguyn l ct v Dung cu ct
Mt s hinh v tham kho

118

1
2
3
4

H1- Cc loai dao tien
1) Dao tien gc dau thng
2) Dao vai
3) Dao tien khoa mat
4) Dao tien thng

119

1
2

H2- Cc loai dao tien
1) Dao tien rnh 2 mat
2) Phan tch cch cat rnh

120

H3- Tien ren
a) Tien 1 ren
b) Tien nhieu ren
) Dao phng
) Dao block
) Dao trn

121

H4- Dao tien dinh hnh
a) Dao phng
b) Dao trn

122

a
b

H5 - Cc loai dao tien
a) Dao tien mc l
b) Dao tien cat dt


123

H1: o g xoay dao de cat xien

H6 - o g xoay dao de cat xien

124

a
b
c
d
e

H7 - Cc loai khoan:
a) Khoan sng
b) au khoan xuong
c) Khoan con
d) Khoan bac phoi hop
e) Khoan dau mi mc

125

a
b
c
d
e

H8 - Cc loai dao cat
a) Khot
b) Doa
c) Doa vt mp
d) Doa c dan hung
e) Khot bac

126

Nhn theo hung

H9 - Cc loai dao bo
a) Dao bo dau vt
b) Dao bo dau rong
c) Dao bo cat
d) Dao bo rnh
a
b
c
d

127

H10 - Cc loai d cat

128

H11- Mot so phuong php gia cong bang d cat.


129

TAI LIU THAM KHO

1- So tay cong nghe che tao my T1,T2.
Bo mon Cong nghe CTM Trung HBK H noi.NXB Khoa hoc k
thuat( 1998-1999).
2- Che do cat khi gia cong co .
Bo mon Cong nghe CTM Trung HBK H noi.(1975).
3- Nguyen l cat kim loai .
Chu bien Tran S Tu 1985.
4- Cong nghe che tao my.
Bo mon Cong nghe CTM Trung HBK H noi.NXB Khoa hoc k
thuat( 2000).
5- Nguyen l gia cong vat lieu.
Bnh Tien Long chu bien -NXB Khoa hoc k thuat 2001.
6- Che do cat gia cong co kh.
Trung ai hoc Bch khoa TP Ho Ch Minh-NXB nng 2001.
7- D g.
Tran Van ich, Le Van Tien( HBK H noi) 2000.
8- Co so ky thuat gia cong kim loai.
Nguyen Tien Lung( HBK H noi)- NXB Khoa hoc k thuat 2002.
9- Thiet ke dung cu cat kim loai .
Xemen Trenco- NXB Khoa hoc k thuat 1975.

Nguyen Ly Cat

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Nguyen Ly Cat

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHU BIEN: PHAM NH TN

Nguyn l ct & Dung cu ct

d) Dao tien l suot e) Dao tien l kn

0 nen cn de gia cong truc c ty so

1. Irinh by cac yeu to ct khi tien(v, S, t, F, I

luc ma st gia phoi v mat truc

luc thot phoi.

luc ma st trong noi bo kim loai bi

hnh thnh leo dao. Khi chieu cao h ln dan sc bm leo

lap tc leo dao bi ph huy ( cuon theo phoi ) qu trnh lai

, phan tch tuong tu mat sau c php tuyen

l tong hop cc luc cc luc len dao tien . e tien

theo cc hung tiep

: luc chay dao tc dung nguoc hung vi hung chay dao ( P

khong nho hon luc tong hop bao nhieu, t d ta

tao ra momen cat M

: Luc hung knh.

: Luc doc truc.

chieu di L300. Vat lieu thp

= <luong du nho nen c the chon mot lan cat l dat

1. Irinh by cach phan tich luc ( trung hop tien ngoi)?

Khi gia cong gang

: he so bieu thi quan he gia cc thong so khc vi nhiet do dao.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Nguyn l ct & Dung cu ct

: he so bieu thi quan he cc thong so khc vat lieu.

, v, S, N) v so snh, neu sai lech c the

, nen a S, b t ta c the tnh dien tch

Nguyn l ct & Dung cu ct

tren lui cat ngang.

Nguyn l ct & Dung cu ct

cos cos ... cos cos cos cos

: luc tc dung vuong gc vi lui cat

tc dung len dao

duoc tnh theo cong thc:

: luong chay dao tren mot rang (mm)

Phay doi xng

Nguyn l ct & Dung cu ct

You might also like