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212.807.2660 t
800.298.5603 t
212.807.2676 f
Figure 5-2: The World Vaccines Market by Vaccine Type 2007-2016 Revenues ...................... 165
Figure 5-3 World Market for Vaccines Share by Type, 2007, 2011 and 2016 ............................. 167
Copyright 2012 Kalorama Information, LLC.
Reproduction without prior written permission, in any media now in existence or hereafter developed,
in whole or in any part, is strictly prohibited.
Table 5-1: The World Vaccines Market by Region (U.S., North America, South
America, EU, Japan, India, China, ROW) 2007-2016 Revenues ................................................. 171
Table 5-2: Major Manufacturers Shares of the World Vaccine Market, 2011 .......................... 170
Figure 5-4: 2011 World Vaccines Market Share, by Leading Competitors ................................ 171
Table 5-3: Major Manufacturers Shares of the World Pediatric
Vaccine Market 2011...................................................................................................................... 173
Figure 5-5: Market Share of Pediatric Vaccines Market, 2011 .................................................... 176
Table 5-4: Major Manufacturers Shares of the World Adult
Vaccine Market 2011...................................................................................................................... 178
Figure 5-6: Market Share of Adult Vaccines Market 2011 ........................................................... 178
22
Vaccines are currently available that prevent both viral and bacterial infections.
Viruses transplant their own deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleric acid (RNA)
into host cells. Once inside the cell, viral DNA assumes control of the cell, instructing it
to produce specific types of proteins. Vaccines are produced by culturing bacteria or
viruses under conditions that lead to a loss of virulence, but not the ability to provoke an
antigenic response. Other vaccines are created from specially treated toxins or dead
bacteria that are still antigenic.
It typically takes several days for the immune system to mount a sufficiently
strong response to conquer invading organisms; sometimes, this latent period is enough
time for the virus or bacteria to cause disease. If, however, the immune system has been
previously presented with low doses of the antigen, such as the subvirulent doses
introduced by vaccines, the response is much faster and stronger. When the more potent,
virulent version of the organism subsequently invades, the immune system conquers the
disease before it takes hold.
Vaccines cause long-lasting effects (months or even years) against viral diseases
by stimulating the immune response to form antibodies against the disease. They
typically require 2 to 10 days for full protection to be achieved, but the immune response
may be stimulated by repeated doses of antigen (booster shots) delivered after an initial
inoculation.
TYPES OF VACCINES
There are more than two dozen vaccine-preventable diseases for which vaccines
have been formulated. Of these vaccines, four different types are currently available:
47
recommended for children aged 11 to 18. Two key reasons were cited for the ACIP
decision: current supply and pipeline products. Only one company, Sanofi Pasteur, had a
licensed meningococcal meningitis immunization for the U.S. market at that time and the
company indicated that it may not be able to supply sufficient quantities of vaccine for 2
to 10-year-olds.
State Immunization Recommendations
In addition to the country-wide inoculation requirements put forth by the U.S. and
other nations, many individual states and provinces promulgate their own rules for
vaccinations to address diseases they deem to be a particular threat to their residents.
These recommendations are often put forth by state bureaus of immunization, which
monitor federal immunization recommendations but also consider specific conditions
affecting their own residents. As of mid 2012, all U.S. states required that children be
immunized before attending school; however, in addition to medical exemptions offered
in each state, 48 states (excluding Mississippi and West Virginia) allow for religious
exemptions and 20 states allow personal belief exemptions for daycare and school.
State requirements continue to be updated. In 2009, for example, a new
immunization law took effect in New Jersey despite widespread protests from many
parents. New Jersey became the first U.S. state to require flu shots for children between 6
months and 5 years who are attending licensed day care and preschool programs;
lawmakers stated that preschoolers developing immune systems and likelihood of
spreading germs make them as vulnerable to complications as the elderly. At the same
time, New Jersey also required preschoolers to get a pneumococcal vaccine and sixthgraders to get vaccines against meningitis and a booster shot against whooping cough.
Other areas of continued state attention include HPV vaccination, which was first
introduced in 2006 with the FDA approval of Mercks Gardasil. As of June 2012, 8 states
have proposed HPV related legislation for the 2011-2012 sessions that would require
adolescent immunization.
United Nations Initiatives
Vaccines have long played a central role in programs supported by international
organizations such as the WHO and the United Nations. Each year, these groups embark
on various programs and campaigns to increase vaccination rates, particularly in the
developing countries. In March 2012, for example, the United Nations announced a
Copyright 2012 Kalorama Information, LLC.
Reproduction without prior written permission, in any media now in existence or hereafter developed,
in whole or in any part, is strictly prohibited.
142
Year
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
Cervical
Cancer
Hepatitis
Influenza
Pneumococcal
Travel;
DT; Misc.
Total
Percent
Change
Cervical
Cancer
Hepatitis
Influenza
Pneumococcal
Travel;
DT; Misc.
DT=diphtheria-Tetanus
Source: Kalorama Information
Total