Bai tap

XAC SUAT THONG KE

1
Chng 1
OA CONG VK XAC SAT


A. BA TAP MA
Bu 1. Cho A, , C Ia ba bIon co. Chung mInh
P|A C) P|A) P|) P|C) P|A) P|AC) P|C)
P|AC)
= + + +
+


Giai
Ta co
( ) ( ) [ ] P A C P P|A ) P|C) P A C |A )C = = +

,
P|A ) P|A) P|) P|A) = + ,

[ ] [ ] P P |A )C AC C
P|AC) P|C) P|AC)
=
= +


non

( ) P A C P|A) P|) P|C) P|A)
P|AC) P|C) P|AC).
= + +
+


Bu 2. Cho
1 1
P|A) , P|)
3 2
= = va
3
P|A )
4
+ = .
Tnh P|A) , P|A) , P|A ) + , P|A) va P|A) .
Giai
o
P|A ) P|A) P|) P|A) + = + ,
fa suy ra

1
P|A) P|A) P|) P|A )
12
= + + = .
o A A = + , non

( ) ( )
( )
1
P A P A 1 P A
4
= + = + = .
Tuong fu, v A A + = fa suy ra

( ) ( )
11
P A 1 P A
12
+ = = .
Xuaf phaf fu dang fhuc A A A = + va v A, A Ia cac bIon co xung khac, fa duoc
( ) ( )
P|A) P A P A = + va do do

( ) ( )
1
P A P|A) P A
4
= = .
Tuong fu, fa co
2

( ) ( )
5
P A P|) P A
12
= = .
Bu 3. Ty Io nguoI mac bonh fIm frong mof vung dan cu Ia 9%, mac bonh huyof ap Ia 12%, mac
ca haI bonh Ia 7%. Chon ngau nhIon mof nguoI frong vung. Tnh xac suaf do nguoI do
a) j bonh fIm hay bj bonh huyof ap.
b) Khong bj bonh fIm cung khong bj bonh huyof ap.
c) Khong bj bonh fIm hay khong bj bonh huyof ap.
d) j bonh fIm nhung khong bj bonh huyof ap.
o) Khong bj bonh fIm nhung bj bonh huyof ap.
Giai
Xof cac bIon co A : nhan duoc nguoI mac bonh fIm,
: nhan duoc nguoI mac bonh huyof ap,
Ta co P|A) 0.09 = ; P|) 0.12 = ; P|A) 0.07 = .
a) Ion co nhan duoc nguoI bj bonh fIm hay bj bonh huyof ap Ia A+, voI

P|A ) P|A) P|) P|A)
0.09 0.12 0.07 0.14.
+ = +
= + =

b) Ion co nhan duoc nguoI khong bj bonh fIm cung khong bj bonh huyof ap Ia A., voI

P|A.) P|A ) 1 P|A )
1 0.14 0.86.
= + = = +
= =

c) Ion co nhan duoc nguoI khong bj bonh fIm hay khong bj bonh huyof ap Ia A + , voI

P|A ) P|A) 1 P|A)
1 0.07 0.93.
+ = =
= =

d) Ion co nhan duoc nguoI bj bonh fIm nhung khong bj bonh huyof ap Ia A., voI

P|A.) P|A) P|A)
0.09 0.07 0.02.
=
= =

o) Ion co nhan duoc nguoI khong bj bonh fIm nhung bj bonh huyof ap Ia A., voI

P|A.) P|) P|A)
0.12 0.07 0.05.
=
= =

Bu 4. Mof hop dung 10 phIou frong do co 2 phIou frung fhuong. Co 10 nguoI Ian Iuof ruf fham.
Tnh xac suaf nhan duoc phan fhuong cua moI nguoI.
Giai
CoI
k
T |k 1, 2, ...,10) = Ia bIon co nguoI fhu k nhan duoc phIou frung fhuong. Ta co

1
2 1
P|T ) 0.2
10 5
= = = ,

( ) ( ) ( ) 2 1 2 1 1 2 1
P|T ) P|T ) P T T P T P T T
1 1 4 2 1
0.2,
5 9 5 9 5
= +
= + = =

3
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3 1 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 2
1 2 1 3 1 2
P|T ) P T P T T P T T T P|T )P T T P T T T
P T P T T P T T T
4 2 1 1 8 1 4 7 2 1
0.2,
5 9 8 5 9 8 5 9 8 5
= +
+
= + + = =

...

10
1
P|T ) 0.2
5
= = .
Bu 5. Mof baI fhI frac nghIom gom 12 cau hoI, moI cau co 5 cau fra IoI, frong do chI co mof cau
dung. CIa su moI cau fra IoI dung, fh sInh duoc 4 dIom, moI cau fra IoI saI, fh sInh bj fru 1
dIom. Mof fh sInh Iam baI bang cach chon ngau nhIon cac cau fra IoI. Tm xac suaf do
a) fh sInh duoc 13 dIom,
b) fh sInh bj dIom am.
Giai
CoI X Ia so cau fra IoI dung frong 12 cau hoI duoc fra IoI mof cach ngau nhIon. Ta co
( )
1
5
X 12; .
Xof su fuong quan gIua so cau fra IoI dung va so dIom nhan duoc fuong ung, fa co
So cau dung |X) So dIom
0 12
1 7
2 2
3 3
4 8
5 13
6 18
7 23
8 28
9 33
10 38
11 43
12 48
a) Ion co fh sInh duoc 13 dIom chnh Ia bIon co X 5 = , voI xac suaf

( )
( )
( ) ( )
5 5 12 5
12
5 7
P X 5 C |0.2) |1 0.2)
12!
0.2 0.8
5! 12 5 !
0.0532

= =
=

=

b) Ion co fh sInh bj dIom am chnh Ia bIon co X 2 , voI xac suaf
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 1 11 2 10
0 12 1 2
12 12 12
12 11 2 10
P X 2 P X 0 P X 1 P X 2
C 0.2 |0.8) C 0.2 0.8 C 0.2 0.8
0.8 12 0.2 0.8 66 0.2 0.8 0.558.
= = + = + =
= + +
= + + =
Bu 6. Thoo doI du bao fhoI fIof
fron daI fruyon hnh |nang, suong mu, mua) va so sanh voI fhoI fIof fhuc fo xay ra, fa co bang
fhong ko sau
4
u bao
Thuc fo
Nang Suong mu Mua
Nang 30 5 5
Suong mu 4 20 2
Mua 10 4 20
nghIa Ia co 30 Ian du bao nang, froI nang, 4 Ian du bao nang, froI suong mu; 10 Ian du bao
nang, froI mua, v.v
a) Tnh xac suaf du bao froI nang cua daI fruyon hnh.
b) Tnh xac suaf du bao cua daI fruyon hnh Ia dung fhuc fo.
c) uoc fIn du bao Ia froI nang. Tnh xac suaf do fhuc fo fh froI mua 7 froI suong mu 7 froI
nang 7
Giai
Xof cac bIon co A : aI fruyon hnh du bao froI nang,
1
A : Thuc fo froI nang.
: aI fruyon hnh du bao froI suong mu,
1
: Thuc fo froI suong mu.
C : aI fruyon hnh du bao froI mua,
1
C : Thuc fo froI mua.
a) o frong 100 Ian fhoo doI du bao daI fruyon hnh, fa fhay co 30 4 10 + + Ian du bao froI
nang non xac suaf du bao froI nang cua daI fruyon hnh Ia

30 4 10
P|A) 0.44
100
+ +
= = .
b) o frong 100 Ian fhoo doI, fa fhay co 30 20 20 + + du bao cua daI fruyon hnh dung so
voI fhuc fo non xac suaf du bao cua daI fruyon hnh dung so voI fhuc fo Ia

30 20 20
0.7.
100
+ +
=
c) o frong 44 Ian daI fruyon hnh du bao Ia froI nang co 30 Ian fhuc fo froI nang, 4 Ian
fhuc fo froI suong mu va 10 Ian fhuc fo froI mua non xac suaf do fhuc fo fh froI mua, froI suong
mu, froI nang Ian Iuof Ia

( )
( )
( )
1
1
1
30
P A A 0.682,
44
4
P A 0.091,
44
10
P C A 0.227.
44
= =
= =
= =

Bu ?. an quon maf so cuoI cung frong so dIon fhoaI can goI |so dIon fhoaI gom 6 chu so) va
ban chon so cuoI cung nay mof cach ngau nhIon. Tnh xac suaf do ban goI dung so dIon fhoaI
nay ma khong phaI fhu qua 3 Ian. Nou bIof so cuoI cung Ia so Io fh xac suaf nay Ia bao nhIou 7
Giai
CoI
I
A Ia bIon co goI dung o Ian fhu I, I 1, 2, 3 = . Ta co
1
A Ia bIon co goI dung khI fhu
mof Ian ,
1 2
A A Ia bIon co goI dung khI phaI fhu haI Ian va
1 2 3
A A A Ia bIon co goI dung khI
phaI fhu ba Ian. o do bIon co goI dung khI khong phaI fhu qua ba Ian Ia
1 1 2 1 2 3
A A A A A A A = + + voI
5
1 1 2 1 2 3
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 2
P|A) P|A A A A A A )
P|A ) P|A ) P|A 1A ) P|A ) P|A 1A ) P|A 1A A )
1 9 1 9 8 1 3
.
10 10 9 10 9 8 10
= + +
= + +
= + + =

KhI da bIof so cuoI cung Ia so Io fh khI do cac so do chon quay chI con gIoI han IaI frong 5
fruong hop |so Io) non cong fhuc fron fro fhanh

1 4 1 4 3 1 3
P|A) 0.6
5 5 4 5 4 3 5
= + + = = .
Bu 8. Mof nguoI ban bIa voI xac suaf ban frung Ia p 0.7 = .
a) an IIon fIop 3 phaf. Tnh xac suaf co f nhaf 1 Ian frung bIa.
b) HoI phaI ban f nhaf may Ian do co xac suaf f nhaf mof Ian frung bIa 0.9 .
Giai
CoI X Ia so vIon dan frung bIa frong 3 phaf. Ta co ( ) X n; p , voI n 3 = va p 0.7 = .
a) Xac xuaf co f nhaf mof Ian frung bIa khI ban IIon fIop 3 phaf Ia

( ) ( )
0 0 3 0
3
3
P X 1 1 P X 0
1 C |0.7) |1 0.7)
1 |0.3) 0.973.

= =
=
= =

b) CoI n Ia so Ian ban do xac suaf f nhaf mof Ian frung bIa 0.9 . o ( ) X n; p voI
p 0.7 = , non xac suaf co f nhaf 1 Ian frung bIa frong n phaf Ia

( ) ( )
0 0 n 0
n
n
P X 1 1 P X 0
1 C |0.7) |1 0.7)
1 |0.3) .

= =
=
=

o ( ) P X 1 0.9 , fa gIaI baf phuong frnh

n
1 |0.3) 0.9 ,
hay fuong duong

n
|0.3) 0.1 .
Iay Iogarf haI vo cua baf phuong frnh fron, fa duoc
n In|0.3) In|0.1) .
o In|0.3) 0 < , fa suy ra

In|0.1)
n 1.91
In|0.3)
.
Vay, can phaI ban f nhaf 2 phaf dan do xac suaf co f nhaf 1 Ian frung bIa 0.9 .
Bu 9. Co haI hop dung bI :
- Hop
1
H dung 20 bI frong do co 5 bI do va 15 bI frang,
- Hop
2
H dung 15 bI frong do co 6 bI do va 9 bI frang.
6
Iay mof bI o hop
1
H , bo vao hop
2
H , fron dou roI Iay ra mof bI. Tnh xac suaf nhan duoc
bI do 7 bI frang 7
Giai
Xof cac bIon co
A : I nhan duoc fu hop
2
H Ia bI do,
: I fu hop
1
H bo sang hop
2
H Ia bI do.
o gIa fhuyof, fa co
( )
5 1
P
20 4
= = ;
( )
7
P A
16
= ;
( )
6 3
P A
16 8
= = .
Tu do, suy ra xac suaf nhan duoc bI do

( ) ( )
25
P|A) P A P|) P A P|)
64
= + = ,
va xac suaf nhan duoc bI frang Ia

39
P|A) 1 P|A)
64
= = .
Bu 10. Mof cap fro sInh doI co fho do cung mof frung |sInh doI fhaf) hay do haI frung khac
nhau sInh ra |sInh doI gIa). Cac cap sInh doI fhaf Iuon Iuon co cung gIoI fnh. Cac cap sInh doI
gIa fh gIoI fnh cua moI dua doc Iap voI nhau va co xac suaf Ia 0.5. Thong ko cho fhay 34% cap
sInh doI Ia fraI; 30% cap sInh doI Ia gaI va 36% cap sInh doI co gIoI fnh khac nhau.
a) Tnh fy Io cap sInh doI fhaf.
b) Tm fy Io cap sInh doI fhaf frong so cac cap sInh doI co cung gIoI fnh.
Giai
Xof cac bIon co
A : nhan duoc cap sInh doI fhaf,
: nhan duoc cap sInh doI co cung gIoI fnh.
o cac cap sInh doI fhaf Iuon Iuon co cung gIoI fnh non

( )
P A 1 = ,
voI cac cap sInh doI gIa fh gIoI fnh cua moI dua doc Iap nhau va co xac suaf Ia 0.5 non

( ) ( )
P A P A 0.5 = = ,
va do fhong ko fron cac cap sInh doI nhan duoc fh
( ) P 0.3 0.34 0.64 = + = va
( )
P 0.36 = .
a) o cong fhuc xac suaf foan phan,

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
P|) P A P A P A P A
P A P A P A 1 P A
P A P A P A P A ,
= +
= +


= +


fa suy ra
7
( )
( )
( ) ( )
P|) P A
0.64 0.5
P A 0.28
1 0.5
P A P A

= = =

.
b) o cong fhuc ayos,

( )
( )
P A P|A)
0.28
P A 0.4375
P|) 0.64
= = = .
Bu 11. Mof frung fam chan doan bonh dung mof phop kIom djnh T. Xac suaf do mof nguoI don
frung fam ma co bonh Ia 0.8. Xac suaf do nguoI kham co bonh khI phop kIom djnh duong fnh Ia
0.9 va xac suaf do nguoI kham khong co bonh khI phop kIom djnh am fnh Ia 0.5. Tnh cac xac
suaf
a) phop kIom djnh Ia duong fnh,
b) phop kIom djnh cho kof qua dung.
Giai
Xof cac bIon co
A : nhan duoc nguoI co bonh,
: nhan duoc nguoI co kIom djnh duong fnh.
o gIa fhIof, fa co
( ) P A 0.8 = ;
( )
P A 0.9 = ;
( )
P A 0.5 = .
a) o cong fhuc xac suaf foan phan,

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
P A P A P P A P
P A P P A 1 P
P A P A P A P ,
= +
= +


= +


ma
( ) ( )
P A 1 P A 0.5 = = , non xac suaf do phop kIom djnh Ia duong fnh cho boI
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
P A P A
0.8 0.5
P 0.75
0.9 0.5
P A P A

= = =

.
b) Xac suaf do phop kIom djnh cho kof qua dung Ia

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
P A A P A P A
P A P P A P
0.7125.
+ = +
= +
=

Bu 12. Mof fhIof bj gom 3 cum chI fIof, moI cum bj hong khong anh huong g don cac cum khac
va chI can mof cum bj hong fh fhIof bj ngung hoaf dong. Xac suaf do cum fhu nhaf bj hong
frong ngay Ia 0.1, cum fhu haI Ia 0.05 va cum fhu ba Ia 0.15. Tm xac suaf do fhIof bj khong
ngung hoaf dong frong ngay.
Giai
Xof cac bIon co

I
A : Cum chI fIof fhu I bj hong, voI I 1, 2, 3 = ,
8
: fhIof bj khong ngung hoaf dong.
o gIa fhIof, fa co
( )
1
P A 0.1 = , ( )
2
P A 0.05 = , va ( )
3
P A 0.15 = .
o
1
A ,
2
A va
3
A Ia ho cac bIon co doc Iap non xac suaf do fhIof bj khong ngung hoaf
dong Ia

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 3 1 2 3
P P A A A P A P A P A
0.9 0.95 0.85 0.7267.
= =
= =
.
Bu 13. Mof phan xuong co 5 may. Xac suaf do frong mof ca, moI may bj hong Ia 0.1. Tm xac
suaf do frong mof ca, co dung 2 may bj hong.
Giai
CoI X Ia so may bj hong cua phan xuong frong mof ca. o bIon co cac may bj hong doc Iap
nhau non X fhoa Iuoc do ornouIII, nghIa Ia ( ) X 5; 0.1 .
o do, xac suaf do frong mof ca, co dung 2 may bj hong Ia
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 5 2 2 3
2 2
5 5
P X 2 C 0.1 1 0.1 C 0.1 0.9 0.0729

= = = = .
Bu 14. Tnh xac suaf do gIoo con xuc xac 10 Ian, maf mof nuf xuaf hIon khong qua 3 Ian.
Giai
CoI X Ia so Ian maf mof nuf xuaf hIon frong 10 Ian fhay. Ta co ( )
1
6
X 10; . o do, xac
suaf do maf mof nuf xuaf hIon khong qua 3 Ian Ia
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 10 1 9 2 8 3 7
0 1 2 3
10 10 10 10
10 1 9 2 8 3 7
P X 3 P X 0 P X 1 P X 2 P X 3
1 5 1 5 1 5 1 5
C C C C
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
5 1 5 1 5 1 5
10 45 120
6 6 6 6 6 6 6
0
= = + = + = + =

= + + +



= + + +


= .857.

Bu 15. Ty Io pho pham cua mof Io hang |Ion) Ia 1%. Tu Io hang nay, Iay ra n san pham. HoI n
f nhaf phaI Ia bao nhIou do xac suaf nhan duoc f nhaf mof pho pham Ion hon 0.95.
Giai
CoI X Ia so pho pham nhan duoc frong n san pham Iay ra fu Io hang. Ta co ( ) X n; 0.01 . KhI
do xac suaf do nhan duoc f nhaf mof san pham hong Ia

( ) ( )
0 0 n 0
n
n
P X 1 1 P X 0
1 C |0.01) |1 0.01)
1 |0.99) .

= =
=
=

o fm n sao cho xac suaf nhan duoc f nhaf mof san pham hong Ion hon 0.95, nghIa Ia
( ) P X 1 0.95 > , fa gIaI baf phuong frnh

n
1 |0.99) 0.95 > .
Tu do, suy ra n 298.073 > . Vay can phaI Iay ra f nhaf 299 san pham do xac suaf frong do
co f nhaf mof san pham hong Ion hon 0.95.
9
Bu 16. Mof nguoI vIof n Ia fhu va bo ngau nhIon n Ia fhu nay vao frong n phong b da vIof san
dja chI. Tm xac suaf sao cho co f nhaf mof Ia fhu duoc bo vao dung phong b.
Giai
CoI
j
A Ia bIon co Ia fhu fhu j don dung nguoI nhan, j 1, n = va goI A Ia bIon co co f
nhaf mof Ia fhu don dung nguoI nhan. Ta co
n
j
j 1
A A
=
=

va do cong fhuc cong fong quaf cho n

bIon co

( )
n n
j j I j
j 1 I j j 1
n
n 1
I j k j
I j k j 1
P|A) P A P|A ) P|A A )
P|A A A ) ... 1 P A
= < =

< < =

= = +



+ +

o
( )
1
j n
P A = , voI moI j,

( ) ( ) ( )
|n 2) ! 1 1
I j I j j n 1 n n!
P A A P A A P A .

= = = ,
voI moI I j < ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
|n 3) ! 1 1 1
I j k I j k j k k n 2 n 1 n n!
P A A A P A A A P A A P A . .


= = = ,
voI moI I j k < < , ..., fa suy ra

( ) ( )
( )
( )
n 1
2 3
n n
n
k 1
1
k 1
n 2 ! n 3 ! 1 1
P|A) n C C ... 1
n n! n! n!
1
1 1 o
k!

=

= + +
=

khI n du Ion.
Bu 1?. Mof day chuyon Iap rap nhan cac chI fIof fu haI nha may khac nhau. Ty Io chI fIof do
nha may fhu nhaf cung cap Ia 60%, cua nha may fhu haI Ia 40%. Ty Io chnh pham cua nha may
fhu nhaf Ia 90%, cua nha may fhu haI Ia 85%. Iay ngau nhIon mof chI fIof fron day chuyon va
fhay rang no fof. Tm xac suaf do chI fIof do do nha may fhu nhaf san xuaf.
Giai
Xof cac bIon co
A : nhan duoc san pham fof,

I
: nhan duoc san pham do nha may fhu I san xuaf,
voI I 1, 2 = .
Tu gIa fhuyof, fa co

1
60
P| ) 0.6
100
= = ;
2
40
P| ) 0.4
100
= = ;

( )
1
P A 0.9 = ;
( )
2
P A 0.85 = .
o
1
,
2
fao fhanh ho day du cac bIon co non fu cong fhuc ayos, fa duoc xac suaf do chI
fIof fof nhan duoc fron day chuyon Ia do nha may fhu nhaf san xuaf
10

( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
1
1 1 2 2
P A P
P A 0.614
P A P P A P
= =
+
.
Bu 18. Trong mof vung dan cu, cu 100 nguoI fh co 30 nguoI huf fhuoc Ia. Iof fy Io nguoI bj
vIom hong frong so nguoI huf fhuoc Ia Ia 60%, frong so nguoI khong huf fhuoc Ia Ia 30%. Kham
ngau nhIon mof nguoI va fhay nguoI do bj vIom hong. Tm xac suaf do nguoI do huf fhuoc Ia.
Nou nguoI do khong bj vIom hong fh xac suaf do nguoI do huf fhuoc Ia Ia bao nhIou.
Giai
Kham ngau nhIon mof nguoI frong vung dan cu, xof cac bIon co
A : nhan duoc nguoI huf fhuoc Ia,
: nhan duoc nguoI bj vIom hong.
CIa fhIof cho
( ) P A 0.3 = ;
( )
P A 0.6 = va
( )
P A 0.3 = .
o nguoI do da bj vIom hong non fu cong fhuc ayos, fa suy ra xac suaf do nguoI do huf
fhuoc Ia Ia

( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
P A P A
P A
P A P A P A P A
0.6 0.3
0.4615.
0.6 0.3 0.3 0.7
=
+

= =
+

KhI nguoI do khong bj vIom hong fh xac suaf do anh fa huf fhuoc Ia Ia

( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
P A P A
P A
P A P A P A P A
0.4 0.3
0.1967.
0.4 0.3 0.7 0.7
=
+

= =
+

Bu 19. a) Cho A, Ia haI bIon co doc Iap. Chung mInh rang A, ; A, va A, cung Ia cac cap
bIon co doc Iap.
b) Cho
1 2 n
A , A , ..., A Ia n bIon co doc Iap. Chung mInh rang 1
2 n
A , A , ..., A cung Ia n bIon co doc
Iap. Suy ra rang nou xof n bIon co
1 2 n
, , ..., , voI
I I
A = hay I
I
A = , fh
1 2 n
, , ..., , cung
Ia n bIon co doc Iap.
Giai
V A A = + , A va A Ia cac bIon co xung khac non cong fhuc cong cho
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
P A P P A
P P A P 1 P A P
P A P ,
=
= =

=

va do do A va Ia haI bIon co doc Iap. Tuong fu
11

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
P A P A P A
P A P A P 1 P P A
P A P ,
=
= =

=

va

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
P A P A P A
P A P A P 1 P P A
P A P .
=
= =

=

o do, A, va A, cung Ia cac cap bIon co doc Iap.
b) o chung mInh rang ho cac bIon co 1
2 n
A , A , ..., A Ia doc Iap, fa Iay mof ho con baf ky
gom k bIon co khac nhau cua no. Nou ho con nay khong chua bIon co
1
A , fa co fho vIof no duoI
dang
1
I
A ,
2
I
A , ,
k
I
A , voI
1 2 k
2 I I ... I n < < < , va do do no Ia ho con cua ho cac bIon co doc
Iap
1 2 n
A , A , ..., A . Suy ra

( )
j j
k k
I I
j 1 j 1
P A P A
= =

=



.
Nou ho nay chua bIon co
1
A , nghIa Ia no co dang
1
I
A ,
2
I
A , ,
k
I
A , voI
1
I 1 = ,
2 k
2 I ... I n < < . o gIa fhIof
1
A va
j
k
I
j 2
A
=

Ia haI bIon co doc Iap non fu cau a), fa duoc

1
A va
j
k
I
j 2
A
=

cung doc Iap. o do

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
j j j
j
k k k
1 I 1 I 1 I
j 2 j 2 j 2
k
I
j 1
P A A P A P A P A P A
P A .
= = =
=

= =


=

Tom IaI ho cac bIon co 1
2 n
A , A , ..., A Ia doc Iap.
o chung mInh rang ho cac bIon co
1 2 n
, , ..., , voI
I I
A = hay I
I
A = , cung Ia n bIon
co doc Iap, fa dung quy nap fron so k cac bIon co I
I
A = , voI k n .
Khong maf fnh fong quaf, fa co fho gIa su I
I
A = voI I fhay doI fu 1 don k va
I I
A = khI
I k > .
Truong hop k 1 = da duoc khao saf frong phan dau cau b).
CIa su ho
1 2 n
, , ..., , voI I
I
A = frong do I fhay doI fu 1 don k Ia ho cac bIon co doc
Iap.
Xof ho
1 2 n
C , C , ..., C cac bIon co voI I
I
C A = khI I fhay doI fu 1 don k 1 + , va
I I
C A = voI
I k 1 > + . o
I I
C = voI I k 1 + , haI ho
1 2 n
C , C , ..., C va
1 2 n
, , ..., chI khac nhau dung mof
phan fu Ia
k 1 I k 1 I
C A A
+ +
= = , va do do, nhu frong fruong hop k 1 = ,
1 2 n
C , C , ..., C cung Ia ho
cac bIon co doc Iap.
12
o do, fa kof Iuan rang ho cac bIon co
1 2 n
, , ..., , voI
I I
A = hay I
I
A = cung Ia n
bIon co doc Iap.
Bu 20. HaI nha may X, Y cung san xuaf mof IoaI san pham. Xac suaf nhan duoc san pham
hong o nha may X Ia
X
p 0.03 = va o nha may Y Ia
Y
p 0.05. =
a) Mof nguoI mua 3 san pham o nha may X. Tnh xac suaf co f nhaf mof san pham hong .
b) Nou mua 3 san pham o nha may X va 2 san pham o nha may Y. Tnh xac suaf co f nhaf mof
san pham hong .
Giai
Xof cac bIon co
A : nhan duoc san pham hong cua nha may X,
: nhan duoc san pham hong cua nha may Y.
ua fhoo gIa fhIof, fa co
( ) P A 0.03 = va ( ) P 0.05 = .
a) CoI X Ia so san pham hong frong 3 san pham Iay ra fu nha may X. Ta co
( ) X n; p voI n 3 = va ( ) p P A 0.03 = = .
o do, xac suaf co f nhaf mof san pham hong Ia

( ) ( )
0 0 3
3
P X 1 1 P X 0
1 C |0.03) |1 0.03) 0.087327.
= =
= =
.
b) CoI X Ia so san pham hong frong 3 san pham Iay ra fu nha may X va Y Ia so san pham
hong frong 2 san pham Iay ra fu nha may Y, fh
( ) X n; p voI n 3 = , ( ) p P A 0.03 = = ,
va
( ) Y n; p voI n 2 = , ( ) p P 0.05 = = .
o so san pham hong nhan duoc fu nha may X va so san pham hong nhan duoc fu nha
may Y Ia cac bIon co doc Iap va bIon co nhan duoc f nhaf mof san pham hong frong 5 san
pham, 3 san pham fu nha may X va 2 san pham fu nha may Y, X Y 1 + , co bIon co doI Iap Ia
bIon co X 0 = va Y 0 = non xac suaf do nhan f nhaf 1 san pham hong khI mua 3 san pham
cua nha may X va 2 san pham cua nha may Y Ia

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
P X Y 1 1 P X 0; Y 0 1 P X 0 P Y 0
1 |0.97) |0.95) 0.1763.
+ = = = = = =
= =
.
Bu 21. Trong mof Io fhuoc |raf nhIou) voI xac suaf nhan duoc fhuoc hong Ia p 0.1 = . Iay ngau
nhIon 3 Io do kIom fra. Tnh xac suaf do
a) ca 3 Io dou hong,
b) co 2 Io hong va 1 Io fof,
c) co 1 Io hong va 2 Io fof,
d) ca 3 Io dou fof.

13
Giai
CoI X Ia so Io hong frong 3 Io Iay ra do kIom fra. Ta co ( ) X 3; 0.1 . o do xac suaf do
a) ca 3 Io dou hong
( )
3 3 0 3
3
P X 3 C |0.1) |1 0.1) |0.1) 0.001 = = = = ,
b) co haI Io hong va mof Io fof
( )
2 2 3 2
3
P X 2 C |0.1) |0.9) 3 0.01 0.9 0.027

= = = = ,
c) co mof Io hong va haI Io fof
( )
1 1 3 1
3
P X 1 C |0.1) |0.9) 3 0.1 0.81 0.243

= = = = ,
d) ca 3 Io dou fof
( )
0 0 3 3
3
P X 0 C |0.1) |1 0.1) |0.9) 0.729 = = = = .
B. BA TAP
Bu toun ve beu den cuc ben co.
Bu 1. KIom fra 3 san pham. CoI
k
A Ia bIon co san pham fhu k fof. Hay frnh bay cac cach bIou
dIon qua
k
A va qua gIan do Vonn cac bIon co sau day :
A : faf ca dou xau,
: co f nhaf mof san pham xau,
C : co f nhaf mof san pham fof,
: khong phaI faf ca san pham dou fof,
: co dung mof san pham xau,
I : co f nhaf 2 san pham fof.
Bu 2. a nguoI, moI nguoI ban mof phaf. CoI
I
A Ia bIon co nguoI fhu I ban frung. Hay bIou dIon
qua
I
A cac bIon co sau :
A : chI co nguoI fhu nhaf ban frung,
: nguoI fhu nhaf ban frung con nguoI fhu haI ban fraf,
C : co f nhaf 1 nguoI ban frung,
: ca 3 nguoI dou ban frung,
: co f nhaf 2 nguoI ban frung,
I : chI co 2 nguoI ban frung,
C : khong aI ban frung,
H : khong co hon 2 nguoI ban frung,
I : nguoI fhu nhaf ban frung, hoac nguoI fhu haI va nguoI fhu ba cung ban frung,
K : nguoI fhu nhaf ban frung hay nguoI fhu haI ban frung.
Bu 3. Quan saf 4 sInh vIon Iam baI fhI. K hIou
j
|j 1, 2, 3, 4) = Ia bIon co sInh vIon j Iam baI
fhI daf you cau. Hay bIou dIon cac bIon co sau day
a) co dung mof sInh vIon daf you cau,
14
b) co dung 3 sInh vIon daf you cau,
c) co f nhaf 1 sInh vIon daf you cau,
d) khong co sInh vIon nao daf you cau.
Xuc suut bung d{nh nghIu.
Bu 4. Mof hop co 7 bI do va 3 bI don.
a) Iay ngau nhIon 1 vIon bI fu hop ra do kIom fra, fnh xac suaf nhan duoc bI don.
b) Iay ngau nhIon Ian Iuof co hoan IaI 2 bI. Tnh xac suaf do Iay duoc 2 bI don.
c) Iay ngau nhIon ra 2 vIon bI fu hop. Tnh xac suaf do Iay duoc 2 bI don.
ap so : a) 0.3.
b) 0.09.
c) 0.067.
Bu 5. Mof cong fy IIon doanh can fuyon mof ko foan fruong, mof fruong phong fIop fhj, co 40
nguoI du fuyon frong do co 15 nu. Tnh xac suaf frong 2 nguoI duoc fuyon co:
a) f nhaf 1 nu,
b) 1 nu,
c) ko foan fruong Ia nu.
ap so : a) 0.616.
b) 0.481.
c) 0.75.
Bu 6. MoI sInh vIon duoc fhI foI da 2 Ian mof mon fhI. Xac suaf do mof sInh vIon dau mon xac
suaf fhong ko o Ian fhI fhu 1 Ia P
1
, Ian fhI fhu 2 Ia P
2
. Tnh xac suaf do sInh vIon nay vuof qua
duoc mon xac suaf fhong ko.
ap so : ( ) +
1 1 2
P 1 P P .
Bu ?. CIoo dong fhoI 2 con xuc xac can doI, dong chaf. Tnh xac suaf do fong so nuf xuaf hIon
Ia 6.
ap so : =
5
0.139
36

Bu 8. Truoc cong fruong daI hoc co 3 quan con bnh dan chaf Iuong ngang nhau. a sInh vIon
A, , C doc Iap voI nhau chon ngau nhIon mof quan com do an frua. Tnh xac suaf do
a) 3 sInh vIon vao cung mof quan.
b) 2 sInh vIon vao cung mof quan, con nguoI kIa fh vao quan khac.
ap so : a)
1
9
.
b)
2
3
.
Bu 9. Mof Io hang co 10 san pham, frong do co 7 san pham fof, 3 san pham xau. Iay ngau
nhIon fu Io hang ra 4 san pham. Tnh xac suaf do 4 san pham Iay ra co 3 san pham fof.
ap so : 0.5.
Bu 10. Trong hop co 4 bI frang, 6 bI do cung kch co. Ruf hu hoa 2 bI. Tnh xac suaf do frong
do co
a) haI vIon bI frang,
15
b) f nhaf mof vIon bI do,
c) vIon fhu 2 do.
ap so : a) 0.133.
b) 0.867.
c) 0.867
Bu 11. Chon Ian Iuof khong hoan IaI 2 con domIno fu bo 28 con. Tnh xac suaf chon duoc 2 con
domIno co fho sap noI fIop nhau.
ap so : 0.238.
Bu 12. Ruf ngau nhIon fu bo baI |gom 52 Ia) ra 9 quan baI. Tnh xac suaf sao cho frong 9 quan
baI ruf ra co
a) 3 con Af, 2 con 10, 2 con 2, 1 con K, 1 con J,
b) 3 con co, 1 con ro, 2 con bch, 3 con chuon,
c) 5 con mau do, 4 con mau don,
d) 4 con chu baI |4 con dong chaf nao do; chaf do da duoc xac djnh fruoc, chang han 4 con
co).
ap so : a)

7
6.262 10 .
b) 0.02254 .
c) 0.2673.
d) 0.448.
Cong thuc cong nhun xuc suut co deu ken.
Bu 13. Trong 100 nguoI phong van co 40 nguoI fhch dung nuoc hoa A, 28 nguoI fhch dung
nuoc hoa , 10 nguoI fhch dung ca 2 IoaI A, . Chon ngau nhIon 1 nguoI frong so 100 nguoI
fron. Tnh xac suaf nguoI nay :
a) fhch dung f nhaf 1 IoaI nuoc hoa fron,
b) khong dung IoaI nao ca.
ap so : a) 0.58.
b) 0.42.
Bu 14. Mof co quan co 210 nguoI, frong do co 100 nguoI o gan co quan, 60 nguoI frong 100
nguoI Ia nu, bIof rang so nu chIom gap doI so nam frong co quan.
Chon ngau nhIon 1 nguoI frong co quan. Tnh xac suaf :
a) nguoI nay Ia nam,
b) nguoI nay o gan co quan,
c) nguoI nay phaI fruc dom |nguoI fruc dom phaI o gan co quan hoac Ia nam).
ap so : a)
1
3
.
b) 0.4762.
c) 0.619.
Bu 15. Co 3 IoaI sung bo ngoaI hoan foan gIong nhau, voI xac suaf ban frung bIa fuong ung Ia
0.6, 0.7, 0.8. IoaI fhu I co 5 khau, IoaI fhu II co 3 khau, IoaI fhu III co 2 khau. Chon ngau nhIon
1 khau va ban vao bIa. Tnh xac suaf ban frung bIa.
ap so : 0.67.
16
Bu 16. Cho 3 bIon co A, , C sao cho
P|A) = 0,5; P|) = 0,7; P|C) = 0,6;
P|A) = 0,3; P|C) = 0,4; P|AC) = 0,2
va P|AC) = 0,1.
a) Tm xac suaf do ca 3 bIon co A, , C dou khong xay ra.
b) Tm xac suaf do co dung 2 frong 3 bIon co do xay ra.
c) Tm xac suaf do chI co dung 1 bIon co frong 3 bIon co do xay ra.
ap so :a) 0 .
b) 0.6.
c) 0.3.
Bu 1?. Cho A va Ia 2 bIon co sao cho P|A) =
1
2
, P|) =
1
3
, P|A) =
1
6
. Hay fnh :
1) P|A ) , 8) P|A ) ,
2) P|A ) , 9) P|A ) ,
3) P|A ) , 10) P|A ) ,
4) P|A) , 11) P|A ) ,
5) P|A) , 12) P|A ) ,
6) P|A) , 13) P|A A) ,
7) P|A ) , 14) P|A A ) .
ap so : 1)
2
3
.
2)
5
6
.
3)
1
3
.
4)
5
6
.
5)
1
3
.
6)
1
6
.
7)
2
3
.
8)
1
2
.
9)
1
2
.
10)
1
2
.
11) 0 .
12)
1
2
.
13) 1.
14)
1
4
.

Bu 18. oI fuyon bong ban cua Khoa KInh To co 3 van dong vIon, moI van dong vIon fhI dau
mof fran. Xac suaf fhang fran cua cac van vIon A, , C Ian Iuof Ia : 0.7; 0.8; 0.9. Tnh xac suaf :
a) doI fuyon fhang f nhaf 1 fran,
b) doI fuyon fhang 2 fran,
c) C fhua, bIof rang doI fuyon fhang 2 fran.
ap so : a) 0.994 .
b) 0.398.
c) 0.0621.
Bu 19. Trong 1 khu pho, fy Io nguoI mac bonh fIm Ia 6%; mac bonh phoI Ia 8% va mac ca haI
bonh Ia 5%. Chon ngau nhIon 1 nguoI frong khu pho do. Tnh xac suaf do nguoI do khong mac
ca 2 bonh fIm va bonh phoI.
ap so : 0.91.
17
Bai 20. Mof nguoI co 5 con ga maI, 2 con ga frong nhof chung frong mof caI Iong. Mof nguoI
don mua, nguoI ban ga baf ngau nhIon 1 con. NguoI mua chap nhan con do.
a) Tnh xac suaf do nguoI do mua duoc con ga maI.
NguoI fhu haI IaI don mua, nguoI ban ga IaI baf ngau nhIon ra 1 con.
b) Tm xac suaf do nguoI fhu haI mua duoc con ga frong.
c) Xac suaf nay so bang bao nhIou nou nguoI ban ga quon maf rang con ga ban cho nguoI
fhu nhaf Ia ga frong hay ga maI.
ap so . a 0.7143.
b =
1
0.33
3
.
c =
2
0.2857
7

Bai 21. HaI cong fy A, cung kInh doanh mof maf hang. Xac suaf do cong fy A fhua Io Ia 0,2;
xac suaf do cong fy fhua Io Ia 0,4. Tuy nhIon fron fhuc fo, kha nang ca 2 cong fy cung fhua Io
Ia 0,1. Tm xac suaf do
a) co f nhaf mof cong fy Iam an khong fhua Io,
b) chI co mof cong fy fhua Io.
ap so . a 0.9.
b 0.4.
Bai 22. Mof fhu quy co mof chum cha khoa gom 12 chIoc bo ngoaI gIong hof nhau, frong do co
4 chIoc mo duoc cua chnh cua fhu vIon. Co fa fhu fung cha mof mof cach ngau nhIon, cha nao
khong frung fh bo ra. Tm xac suaf do co fa mo duoc cua chnh cua fhu vIon o Ian mo fhu 5.
ap so . 0.0707 .
Bai 23. Mof chang fraI vIof 4 Ia fhu cho 4 co gaI; nhung v dang fr non anh fa bo 4 Ia fhu vao 4
phong b mof cach ngau nhIon, dan kn roI moI ghI dja chI guI,
a) fnh xac suaf do khong co co nao nhan dung fhu vIof cho mnh,
b) fnh xac suaf do co f nhaf 1 co nhan dung fhu cua mnh,
c) fong quaf hoa voI n co gaI. Tnh xac suaf co f nhaf 1 co nhan dung fhu. Xap xI gIa frj
xac suaf nay khI cho n .
Bai 24. Trong 1 Io hang 10 san pham co 2 san pham xau, chon khong hoan IaI do phaf hIon ra
2 san pham xau, khI nao chon duoc san pham xau fhu 2 fh dung IaI.
a) Tnh xac suaf dung IaI o Ian chon fhu 4.
b) Iof rang da chon duoc san pham xau o Ian chon fhu nhaf, fnh xac suaf dung IaI o Ian
chon fhu 4.
c) Nou vIoc kIom fra dung IaI o Ian chon fhu 3, fnh xac suaf Ian chon dau duoc san pham
xau.
ap so . a 0.067.
b =
1
0.143
7
.
c 0.044 .
Bai 25. oI fuyon bong ban Thanh pho co 4 van dong vIon A, , C, . MoI van dong vIon fhI
dau 1 fran, voI xac suaf fhang fran Ian Iuof Ia : 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9. Tnh
18
a) xac suaf doI fuyon fhang f nhaf 1 fran,
b) xac suaf doI fuyon fhang 2 fran,
c) xac suaf doI fuyon fhang 3 fran,
d) xac suaf fhua, frong fruong hop doI fuyon fhang 3 fran.
ap so . a 0.9976.
b 0.2144 .
Bai 26. Trong mof hop co 12 bong don frong do co 3 bong hong. Iay ngau nhIon co fhu fu
khong hoan IaI 3 bong do dung. Tm xac suaf do
a) ca 3 bong dou hong,
b) ca 3 bong dou khong hong,
c) co f nhaf 1 bong khong hong,
d) chI co bong fhu 2 hong.
ap so . a 0.004545 .
b 0.3818.
c 0.9954 .
J 0.1636.
Bai 27. O mof co quan no co 3 chIoc ofo. Kha nang co su co cua moI xo ofo Ian Iuof Ia 0.15 ;
0.20 ; 0.10.
a) Tm kha nang 3 ofo cung bj hong.
b) Tm kha nang co f nhaf 1 ofo hoaf dong fof.
c) Tm kha nang ca 3 ofo cung hoaf dong duoc.
d) Tm xac suaf co khong qua 2 ofo bj hong.
ap so . a 0.003, b 0.997.
c 0.612, J 0.997.
Cong thc xac suat ay u Cong thc Bayes.
Bai 28. Mof hop co 15 qua bong ban, frong do co 9 moI 6 cu, Ian dau chon ra 3 qua do su dung,
sau do bo vao IaI, Ian haI chon ra 3 qua.
a) Tnh xac suaf 3 qua bong chon Ian haI Ia 3 bong moI.
b) Iof rang Ian haI chon duoc 3 bong moI, fnh xac suaf Ian dau chon duoc 2 bong moI.
ap so . a 0.0025.
b 0.4091.
Bai 29. Mof nha may san xuaf bong don, may A san xuaf 25%, may : 35%, may C: 40% so
bong don. TI Io san pham hong cua moI may fron so san pham do may do san xuaf Ian Iuof Ia
3%, 2%, 1%. Mof nguoI mua 1 bong don do nha may san xuaf.
a) Tnh xac suaf do san pham nay do may A san xuaf.
b) Tnh xac suaf do san pham nay fof.
c) Iof rang san pham nay Ia xau. Tnh xac suaf do san pham do may C san xuaf.
ap so . a 0.25.
b 0.9815.
c 0.22.
19
Bai 30. Co 8 bnh dung bI, frong do co :
2 bnh IoaI 1: moI bnh dung 6 bI frang 3 bI do,
3 bnh IoaI 2: moI bnh dung 5 bI frang 4 bI do,
3 bnh IoaI 3: moI bnh dung 2 bI frang 7 bI do.
Iay ngau nhIon mof bnh va fu bnh do Iay ngau nhIon 1 bI.
a) Tnh xac suaf do bI Iay ra Ia bI frang.
b) Iof rang bI Iay ra Ia bI frang. Tnh xac suaf do bnh Iay ra Ia bnh IoaI 3.
ap so . a 0.458.
b 0.182.
Bai 31. Mof bo do fhI co 20 cau hoI. SInh vIon gIoI so fra IoI dung hof ca 20 cau. SInh vIon kha
fra IoI dung 15 cau. SInh vIon frung bnh fra IoI dung 10 cau. SInh vIon kom fra IoI dung 5 cau.
Ty Io sInh vIon gIoI, kha, frung bnh va kom Ian Iuof Ia 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%.
Mof sInh vIon Ion baf fham 3 cau fu 20 cau fron. CIam khao fhay anh fra IoI dung ca 3
cau. Tnh xac suaf anh fa Ia sInh vIon kha hoac frung bnh.
ap so . 0.5184 .
Bai 32. Co 2 Io hang cu. Io I co 10 caI fof, 2 caI hong. Io II co 12 caI fof, 3 caI hong. Tu moI Io
Iay ngau nhIon ra 1 caI. Tm xac suaf do :
a) nhan duoc 2 caI fof,
b) nhan duoc 2 caI cung chaf Iuong,
c) nou Iay fu cung 1 Io ra 2 caI fh non Iay fu Io nao do duoc 2 caI fof voI kha nang cao hon.
ap so . a 0.67.
b 0.7.
c Lay tu /o I.
Bai 33. Co 3 hop bI; hop mof co 10 bI frong do co 3 bI do; hop haI co 15 bI frong do co 4 bI do;
hop ba co 12 bI frong do co 5 bI do. CIoo mof con xuc xac. Nou xuaf hIon maf 1 fh chon hop
mof, xuaf hIon maf haI fh chon hop 2, xuaf hIon cac maf con IaI fh chon hop ba. Tu hop duoc
chon, Iay ngau nhIon 1 bI
a) fnh xac suaf do duoc bI do,
b) gIa su Iay duoc bI do. Tnh xac suaf do bI do nay fhuoc hop haI.
ap so . a 0.372.
b 0.1194 .
Bai 34. Co 2 hop ao; hop mof co 10 ao frong do co 1 pho pham; hop haI co 8 ao frong do co 2
pho pham. Iay hu hoa 1 ao fu hop mof bo sang hop haI; sau do fu hop nay chon hu hoa ra 2 ao.
Tm xac suaf do ca 2 ao nay dou Ia pho pham.
ap so . 0.033.
Bai 35. Co 3 xa fhu cung ban vao mof con moI, moI nguoI ban 1 vIon dan, voI xac suaf ban
frung Ian Iuof Ia 0,6; 0,7; 0,8. Iof rang nou frung 1 phaf dan fh xac suaf do con fhu bj fIou dIof
Ia 0,5; frung 2 phaf fh xac suaf do con fhu bj fIou dIof Ia 0,8; con nou frung 3 phaf dan fh chac
chan con fhu bj fIou dIof.
a) Tnh xac suaf con fhu bj fIou dIof.
b) Hay fnh xac suaf con fhu bj fIou dIof do frung 2 phaf dan.
20
ap so . a 0.7916.
b 0.3616.
Bai 36. Co 2 chuong fho. Chuong fhu nhaf co 5 con fho don va 10 con fho frang. Chuong fhu haI
co 3 con fho frang va 7 con fho don. Tu chuong fhu haI, baf ngau nhIon 1 con fho cho vao
chuong mof va sau do IaI baf ngau nhIon mof con fho o chuong mof ra fh duoc 1 con fho frang.
Tnh xac suaf do con fho frang nay Ia cua chuong mof.
ap so . 0.973.
Bai 37. Mof chuong ga co 9 con ga maI va 1 con ga frong. Chuong ga kIa co 1 con maI va 5 con
frong. Tu moI chuong Iay ngau nhIon 1 con dom ban. Cac con ga con IaI duoc don vao chuong
fhu ba. Nou fa IaI baf ngau nhIon 1 con ga nua fu chuong nay ra fh xac suaf do baf duoc con ga
frong Ia bao nhIou 7
ap so . 0.362.
Bai 38. HaI nha may cung xan suaf 1 IoaI IInh kIon dIon fu. Nang suaf nha may haI gap 3 Ian
nang suaf nha may mof. Ty Io hong cua nha may mof va haI Ian Iuof Ia 0,1% va 0,2%. CIa su
IInh kIon ban o Trung fam chI do haI nha may nay san xuaf. Mua 1 IInh kIon o Trung fam.
a) Tnh xac suaf do IInh kIon ay hong.
b) CIa su mua IInh kIon va fhay IInh kIon bj hong. Thoo y ban fh IInh kIon do do nha may
nao san xuaf.
ap so . a 0.00025 .
b 0.857, /inb kicn Jo nba may 2 san xuat.
Bai 39. Iof rang
1
p 0, 04 = Ia xac suaf do moI san pham duoc san xuaf ra fu day chuyon 1 Ia
pho pham. Tuong fu, doI voI day chuyon 2 fh xac suaf do Ia
2
p 0, 03 = , voI day chuyon 3 Ia
3
p 0, 05 = va voI day chuyon 4 Ia
4
p 0, 058 = . Tu mof Io gom 8 san pham cua day chuyon 1; 12
san pham cua day chuyon 2; 10 san pham cua day chuyon 3 va 5 san pham cua day chuyon 4,
Iay ngau nhIon ra 1 san pham. Tnh xac suaf do nhan duoc san pham xau 7 nhan duoc san
pham fof 7
ap so . 0.042, 0.958.
Bai 40. Tron maf ban co 5 dong xu, frong do co 3 dong xu xap va 2 dong xu ngua. CIoo fIop Ion
maf ban 2 dong xu va sau do khoanh ngau nhIon 4 dong xu. Tnh xac suaf do frong 4 dong xu
nay co 3 dong xu xap.
ap so . 0.343.
Bai 41. Co 3 caI fhung. Thung 1 co 6 bI frang, 4 bI do; fhung 2 co 5 bI frang, 5 bI do va fhung 3
co 10 bI frang. CIa su nguoI fa Iay ngau nhIon 2 bI fu fhung 1 bo vao fhung 2. Sau do, IaI Iay
ngau nhIon 1 bI fu fhung 2 bo vao fhung 3 roI fu fhung 3 Iay ngau nhIon ra 1 bI. Tm xac suaf
do bI Iay ra Ia do.
ap so . 0.4833.
Cong thc Bernoulli
Bai 42. Mof bac sI chua khoI bonh A cho mof nguoI voI xac suaf Ia 95%. CIa su co 10 nguoI bj
bonh A don chua mof cach doc Iap nhau. Tnh xac suaf do
a) co 8 nguoI khoI bonh,
b) co nhIou nhaf 9 nguoI khoI bonh.
ap so . a 0.0746.
b 0.4013.

21
Bai 43. Mof cau fhu da fhanh cong qua phaf 11m voI xac suaf 80%.
- a 4 fhanh cong 2.
- a 6 fhanh cong 3.
Cong vIoc nao do fhuc hIon 7
ap so . a 4 qua Jc bon.
Bai 44. Trong mof fhanh pho co 70% dan cu fhch xom bong da. Chon ngau nhIon 10 nguoI, fnh
xac suaf co :
a) 5 nguoI fhch xom bong da,
b) f nhaf 2 nguoI fhch xom bong da.
ap so . a 0.103.
b 0.999856 .
Bai 45. Mof nha foan hoc co xac suaf gIaI duoc mof baI foan kho Ia 0,9. Cho nha foan hoc nay 5
baI foan kho duoc chon mof cach ngau nhIon.
a) Tnh xac suaf do nha foan hoc nay gIaI duoc 3 baI.
b) Tnh xac suaf do nha foan hoc nay gIaI duoc f nhaf 1 baI.
c) Tnh so baI co kha nang nhaf ma nha foan hoc nay gIaI duoc.
ap so . a 0.0729.
b 0.99999 .
c 5.
Bai 46. Ty Io mac bonh asodov o mof vung rung nuI nao do Ia 7%. Trong dof kham fuyon suc
khoo do xuaf canh, nguoI fa kham cho 100 nguoI. Tm xac suaf do
a) frong 100 nguoI co 6 nguoI bj asodov,
b) frong 100 nguoI co 95 nguoI khong bj asodov,
c) frong 100 nguoI co f nhaf mof nguoI bj asodov.
ap so . a 0.153, b 0.1283.
c 0.999295 .
Bai 47. Mof Io hang voI fy Io pho pham Ia 5%. Can phaI Iay mau co bao nhIou sao cho xac suaf
do bj f nhaf mof pho pham khong bo hon 0,95.
ap so . Co mau /on bon bay bang 60.
Bai 48. HaI dau fhu A, fhI dau co. Xac suaf fhang cua nguoI A frong mof van Ia 0,6 |khong co
hoa). Tran dau bao gom 5 van, nguoI nao fhang mof so van Ion hon Ia nguoI fhang cuoc. Tnh
xac suaf do nguoI fhang cuoc.
ap so . 0.31744 .
Bai 49. Mof may san xuaf Ian Iuof fung san pham. Xac suaf san xuaf ra mof pho pham cua may
Ia 0,01.
a) Cho may san xuaf 10 san pham. Tnh xac suaf do co 2 pho pham.
b) May can san xuaf f nhaf bao nhIou san pham do xac suaf co f nhaf mof chnh pham
fron 0,99.
ap so . a 0.00415 .
b) Can san xuat t nhat 459 san pham.
22
Cbuong 2
BKN SO NGA NHKN
A. BA TAP MA
Bu 1. Co haI fhung fhuoc A va , frong do :
- fhung A co 20 Io gom 2 Io hong va 18 Io fof,
- fhung co 20 Io gom 3 Io hong va 17 Io fof.
a) Iay o moI fhung 1 Io. CoI X Ia so Io hong frong haI Io Iay ra. Tm ham maf do cua X.
b) Iay o fhung ra 3 Io. CoI Y Ia so Io hong frong 3 Io Iay ra. Tm ham maf do cua Y.
Giai
a) Xof cac bIon co
A : nhan duoc Io hong fu fhung A,
: nhan duoc Io hong fu fhung ,
va goI X Ia so Io hong frong haI Io Iay ra. Ta co X Iay cac gIa frj 0, 1 va 2. Chu y rang A, Ia
cac bIon co doc Iap. Ta co

18 17 306
P|X 0) P|A) P|A)P|) 0.765
20 20 400
= = = = = = ,

P|X 1) P|A A) P|A)P|) P|A)P|)
2 17 18 3 88
0.22,
20 20 20 20 400
= = + = +
= + = =


2 3 6
P|X 2) P|A) P|A)P|) 0.015
20 20 400
= = = = = = .
Tu do, fa duoc bang phan phoI xac suaf
X 0 1 2
P 0.765 0.22 0.015
va ham maf do cua X

0.765 khI x 0
0.22 khI x 1
f |x)
0.015 khI x 2
0 khI x 0, 1, 2
=

=

=

b) CoI Y Ia so Io hong frong 3 Io Iay ra fu fhung . Ta co ( , , ) Y H 20 3 3 , nghIa Ia

k 3 k
3 17
3
20
C C
P|Y k)
C

= =
va fa nhan duoc bang phan phoI xac suaf
Y 0 1 2 3
P 0.596 0.358 0.045 0.001
cung nhu ham maf do cua Y
23

0.596 khI x 0
0.358 khI x 1
f |x) 0.045 khI x 2
0.001 khI x 3
0 khI x 0, 1, 2, 3
=

= =

Bu 2. Mof xa fhu ban bIa voI xac suaf ban frung bIa Ia p 0.6 = . Co 5 vIon dan duoc ban Ian
Iuof va xa fhu dung ban khI hof dan hay ngay khI co mof vIon dan frung bIa. CoI X Ia so Ian
ban. Tm ham maf do cua X. Tnh frung bnh va phuong saI
2
.
Giai
Xof cac bIon co
I
T : ban frung bIa o Ian ban fhu I, voI I 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. = CoI X so Ian ban, fa
co X 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 = va
( ) ( )
1
P X 1 P T 0.6 = = = ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
P X 2 P T T P T P T 0.4 0.6 = = = = ,

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1 2 3 1 2 3
2
P X 3 P T T T P T P T P T
0.4 0.6,
= = =
=


( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
3
P X 4 P T T T T P T P T P T P T
0.4 0.6,
= = =
=


( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
4
P X 5 P T T T T P T P T P T P T
0.4 .
= = =
=

Tu do, fa duoc bang phan phoI xac suaf
X 1 2 3 4 5
P 0.6 0.24 0.096 0.0384 0.0256
va ham maf do xac suaf cua X

0.6 khI x 1
0.24 khI x 2
0.096 khI x 3
f |x)
0.0384 khI x 4
0.0256 khI x 5
0 khI x 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
=

=

=

Ta co frung bnh cua X

( )
X I I
I
x f x 1 0.6 2 0.24 ... 5 0.0256
1.6496,
= = + + +
=

va phuong saI Ia

( )
2 2 2 2 2
X X X
x
2 2 2 2
X x f |x)
1 0.6 2 0.24 ... 5 0.0256 |1.6496)
0.95722.

= =


= + + +
=

24
Bu 3. Mof fhung dung 10 Io fhuoc frong do co 1 Io hong. Ta kIom fra fung Io |khong hoan IaI)
cho foI khI phaf hIon duoc Io hong fh dung. CoI X Ia so Ian kIom fra. Tm ham maf do cua X.
Tnh frung bnh va phuong saI
2
.
Giai
Xof cac bIon co
k
T : Iay duoc Io hong o Ian Iay fhu k, k 1, 2, ...,10 = . CoI X Ia so Ian kIom
fra. Ta co, X 1, 2, ...,10 = . Hon nua, goI
k
Y Ia bIon co khong Iay duoc Io hong frong k Ian Iay
dau fIon, voI k 1, 2, ...,10 = . Ta duoc
( )
k 1 k
X k Y T

= = va
k k 1 k
Y Y T

= .
( ) ( )
1
1
P X 1 P T
10
= = = ; ( ) ( )
1 1
9
P Y P T
10
= = ;
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 2 1 1
1 9 1
P X 2 P Y T P T Y P Y .
9 10 10
= = = = = ;
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 2 2 1 1
8 9 8
P Y P Y T P T Y P Y .
9 10 10
= = = = ;
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 3 2 2
1 8 1
P X 3 P Y T P T Y P Y .
8 10 10
= = = = = ;
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2 3 3 2 2
7 8 7
P Y P Y T P T Y P Y .
8 10 10
= = = = ;
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 4 4 3 3
1 7 1
P X 4 P Y T P T Y P Y .
7 10 10
= = = = = ;
...
Tuong fu, fa co ( )
1
P X k
10
= = , voI moI k 1, 2, ...,10 = .
Tu do, fa duoc bang phan phoI xac suaf
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
P
1
10

1
10

1
10

1
10

1
10

1
10

1
10

1
10

1
10

1
10

va ham maf do xac suaf cua X

{ }
{ }
1
khI x 1, 2, 3, ...,10
10 f |x)
0 khI x 1, 2, 3, ...,10

Suy ra frung bnh va phuong saI cua X
( )
X
1
1 2 .. 10 5.5
10
= + + + = .

( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
X X
1
|X ) 1 2 .. 10 5.5 8.25
10
= = + + + = .
Bu 4. CoI X Ia fuoI fho cua con nguoI. Mof cong frnh nghIon cuu cho bIof ham maf do cua X Ia


2 2
cx |100 x) khI 0 x 100
f |x)
0 khI x 0 hay x 100

=

< >

a) Xac djnh hang so c.
25
b) Tnh frung bnh va phuong saI cua X.
c) Tnh xac suaf cua mof nguoI co fuoI fho 60 .
d) Tnh xac suaf cua mof nguoI co fuoI fho 60 , bIof rang nguoI do hIon nay da 50 fuoI.
Giai
a) o f |x) Ia ham maf do, fa can
f |x)dx 1
+

.
ma
( )
2
10 100
3 4 5
2
2 4 2
0
0
x x x
f |x)dx cx 100 x dx c 10 2.10
3 4 5
+

= = +



,
non fa duoc phuong frnh

2
10
3 4 5
4 2
0
x x x
c 10 2.10 1
3 4 5

+ =


.
CIaI phuong frnh nay, fa duoc
9
c 3.10

= .
b) Ta co frung bnh

( )
2
100
2
3
X
0
100
4 3 2 4 5
0
10
4 5 6
4 2
0
|X) xf |x)dx c x 100 x dx
c |10 x 2.10 x x )dx
x x x
c 10 2.10 50,
4 5 6
+

= = =
= +

= + =

va phuong saI

( )
2
100
2
2 2 2 2 2 4
X X
0
100
4 4 2 5 6
0
10
5 6 7
4 2
0
14 5
9
|X ) x f |x)dx 50 c x 100 x dx 2500
c |10 x 2.10 x x )dx 2500
x x x
c 10 2.10 2500
5 6 7
10 10 2500
3.10 2500 2500 .
105 35 7
+

= = =
= +

= +



= = =

c) Xac suaf cua mof nguoI co fuoI fho 60 Ia
26

( )
2
100
2
2
60 60
100
4 2 2 3 4
60
10
3 4 5
4 2
60
10
5
4
9 5
P|X 60) f |x)dx cx 100 x dx
c |10 x 2.10 x x )dx
x x x
c 10 2.10
3 4 5
10 216 1296 7776
c 10 100. 20.
30 3 4 5
10 11376 992
3.10 10 0.31744.
3 5 3125
+

= =
= +

= +




= +




= = =

d) o fnh xac suaf cua mof nguoI co fuoI fho 60 , khI bIof nguoI do da 50 fuoI, fa fnh
xac suaf co dIou kIon

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
P X 60 X 50
P X 60 X 50
P X 50
P X 60
0.31744
0.63548,
P X 50 0.5

=

= = =

voI ( ) P X 50 duoc fnh nhu o phan c va bang 0.5.
Bu 5. Cho bIon so ngau nhIon X co ham maf do

x
1
o khI x 0
f |x)
0 khI x 0

>
=

voI 0 >
a) Tnh frung bnh phuong saI
2
.
b) Tm ham dac frung M|f). ung ham dac frung, fnh IaI frung bnh va phuong saI
2
.
Giai
a) Ta co
( )
x
0
1
X xf |x)dx xo dx
+ +

= = =

, |1)
ung cong fhuc fch phan fung phan, voI u x = ,
x /
dv o dx

= , fa duoc du dx = ,
x /
v o

=
va bIou fhuc |1) cho

x x
0
0
x
0
xo o dx
o
+ +


+

= +
= =

Phuong saI
2
cho boI

( )
2 2 2
X
X = ,
27
voI
( )
x
2 2 2
0
1
X x f |x)dx x o dx
+ +

= =

.
Cung do cong fhuc fch phan fung phan, fa co

( )
x x x
2 2
0
0 0
2
1
X x o 2 xo dx 2 xo dx
2 .
+ + +


= + =

=


Tu do suy ra
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
X
X 2 = = = .
b) Ham dac frung ( ) M f cua bIon so ngau nhIon X cho boI

( )
( )
1
f x
fX fx
0
1
f x
0
1
M|f) o o f |x)dx o dx
1 1
o .
f 1 1 f

+ +

= = =

= =



VoI ham dac frung ( ) M f nay, fa nhan duoc fro IaI gIa frj frung bnh

[ ]
2
M|0)
1 |0)

= = =

,
va phuong saI

[ ]
[ ] [ ]
2
2
2
2
3 2
2 2 2
2
M |0) M|0)
1 |0) 1 |0)
2 .


= =



= =

Bu 6. Cho vocfo ngau nhIon co bang phan phoI xac suaf
Y
X
1 2 3
0 0.1 0.2 0.1
1 0.2 0.2 0.2
a) Tm cac ham maf do fhanh phan
X Y
f |x), f |y) .
b) Tm cac frung bnh
X Y
, , cac phuong saI
2 2
X Y
, va ho so fuong quan |X, Y) .
Giai
a) Ham maf do fhanh phan
X
f |x) cho boI
( ) ( ) ( )
X
f |0) P|X 0) P X 0 Y 1 P X 0 Y 2 P X 0 Y 3
0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4,
= = = = = + = = + = =
= + + =
( ) ( ) ( )
X
f |1) P|X 1) P X 1 Y 1 P X 1 Y 2 P X 1 Y 3
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6,
= = = = = + = = + = =
= + + =
va
X
f |x) 0 = khI x 0,1 .
Tuong fu, ham maf do fhanh phan
Y
f |y) cho boI

( ) ( )
Y
f |1) P|Y 1) P Y 1 X 0 P Y 1 X 1
0.1 0.2 0.3,
= = = = = + = =
= + =

28

( ) ( )
Y
f |2) P|Y 2) P Y 2 X 0 P Y 2 X 1
0.2 0.2 0.4,
= = = = = + = =
= + =


( ) ( )
Y
f |3) P|Y 3) P Y 3 X 0 P Y 3 X 1
0.1 0.2 0.3.
= = = = = + = =
= + =

va
Y
f |y) 0 = , voI y 1, 2, 3 .
b) Tu cac ham maf do, fa suy ra

X X
x
xf |x) 0 0.4 1 0.6 0.6 = = + =

,

Y Y
y
yf |y) 1 0.3 2 0.4 3 0.3 2 = = + + =

,

2 2 2 2 2 2
X X X
x
x f |x) 0 0.4 1 0.4 |0.4) 0.24 = = + =

,

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Y y y
y
y f |y) 1 0.3 2 0.4 3 0.3 2 0.6 = = + + =

.
o

( )
X Y
X Y X Y
XY . cov|X, Y)
|X, Y)
. .

= =

,
va
( )
x,y
XY xyf |x, y) 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.2 = = + + =

,
fa suy ra

( )
X Y
X Y X Y
XY . cov|X, Y) 1.2 0.6 2
|X, Y) 0
. . 0.24 0.6

= = = =

.
Bu ?. Cho vocfo ngau nhIon co ham maf do

( ) [ ] [ ]
( ) [ ] [ ]
2
c|x y) khI x, y 0,1 0,1
f |x, y)
0 khI x.y 0,1 0,1
+

a) Tm cac ham maf do fhanh phan
X Y
f |x), f |y) .
b) Tm cac frung bnh
X Y
, , cac phuong saI
2 2
X Y
, va ho so fuong quan |X, Y) .
Giai
Truoc hof, fa can xac djnh hang so c. o fnh chaf ham maf do, fa co
f |x, y)dxdy 1
+ +

=

.
Ma

1 1 1
2 3 2
0
0 0
c 3 7c
f |x, y)dxdy c |x y) dxdy x x x
3 2 6
+ +


= + = + + =



,
non fa suy ra
6
c
7
= . KhI do, cac ham maf do fhanh phan cho boI
29

( )
1 1
2 3
X
0
0
2
c
f |x) f |x, y)dy c|x y) dy |x y)
3
2
3x 3x 1 ,
7
+

= = + = +


= + +



( )
1 1
2 3
Y
0
0
2
c
f |y) f |x, y)dx c|x y) dx |x y)
3
2
3y 3y 1 .
7
+

= = + = +


= + +


b) Tu ham maf do f |x, y) , fa suy ra

( )
( )
1 1 1
1
2 3
X
0
0 0 0
1 1
2
3 2 4 3
0
0
6 2
xf |x, y)dxdy x|x y) dxdy x|x y) dx
7 7
2 2 3 x 9
3x 3x x dx x x ,
7 7 4 2 14
+ +

= = + = +

= + + = + + =

( ) ( )
1 1
2
Y
0 0
1 1
1
3 3 2
0
0 0
1
2
4 3
0
6
yf |x, y)dxdy y|x y) dxdy
7
2 2
y|x y) dy 3y 3y y dy
7 7
2 3 y 9
y y ,
7 4 2 14
+ +

= = +
= + = + +

= + + =






( )
2
2
X X
1
5 4 3 2
0
x f |x, y)dxdy
1 588 168 317 9 199
x x x x 81x ,
686 5 4 3 2 2940
+ +

=

= + =




( )
2
2
Y Y
199
y f |x, y)dxdy
2940
+ +

= =

,

( )
1 1
2
0 0
1
3 2
0
1
4 3 2
0
6
XY xyf |x, y)dxdy xy|x y) dxdy
7
6 1 1 1
x 2x x dx
7 2 3 4
6 x 2x x 17
,
7 8 9 8 42
+ +

= = +

= + +



= + + =

( )
X Y
X Y X Y
XY cov|X, Y)
|X, Y)
5 17 9 9
25
588 42 14 14
0.127.
199
199 199 199
2940
2940 2940

= =


= = = =

30
Bu 8. Cho vocfo ngau nhIon ( ) V X, Y = , voI X, Y doc Iap. CIa su X, Y co frung bnh
X
,
Y
va
phuong saI
2
X
,
2
Y

af Z X Y = + . Chung mInh rang
a)
Z X Y
= + ,
b)
2 2 2 2 2
Z X Y
= + .
Giai
Ta chung mInh cho fruong hop X, Y Ia cac bIon so ngau nhIon roI rac. Truong hop X va Y
Ia cac bIon so ngau nhIon IIon fuc duoc chung mInh fuong fu.
a) CoI f |x, y) Ia ham maf do |dong fhoI) cua V. Ta co

( ) ( )
x,y
x,y x,y
Z X Y | x y)f |x, y)
xf |x, y) yf |x, y) |X) |Y),
= + = +
= + = +

nghIa Ia
Z X Y
= + .
b) o djnh nghIa,

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
Z Z X Y
z x,y
2
X Y
x,y
2 2
2 2
X Y
x,y x,y
X Y
x,y
z f |x, y) x y f |x, y)
x y f |x, y)
x f |x, y) y f |x, y)
2 x y )f |x, y) .
= = + +
= +

= + +
+

Ma X va Y doc Iap non
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
X Y X Y
x,y
x y )f |x, y) X Y 0 = =

,
va do do

( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
Z X Y
x,y x,y
2 2 2 2
X Y
x f |x, y) y f |x, y)
.
= +
= +


Bu 9. Cho vocfo ngau nhIon ( ) V X, Y = . af Z X Y = + . Chung mInh rang

Z X Y
= + va
2 2 2
Z X X Y Y
2 |X, Y) = + + .
Suy ra rang, nou X va Y khong fuong quan, nghIa Ia |X, Y) 0 = , fh
2 2 2
Z X Y
= + .
Giai
Tuong fu baI 8, fa chung mInh cho fruong hop X, Y Ia bIon so ngau nhIon roI rac.

Z x y
z x,y x,y
zf |x, y) xf |x, y) yf |x, y) = = + = +

,
31

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
Z Z x y
z z
2
2
X y
x,y x,y
X y
x,y
2 2 2 2
X Y X Y X Y
z f |x, y) x y f |x, y)
x f |x, y) y f |x, y)
2 x y f |x, y)
2cov|X, Y) 2 |X, Y) .
= = +
= + +
+
= + + = + +

KhI X va Y khong fuong quan, fh |X, Y) 0 = va do do
2 2 2
Z X Y
= + .
Bu 10. Cho vocfo ngau nhIon ( ) V X, Y = co bang phan phoI xac suaf
Y
X
0 1
1
1 / 3 0
0 0 1 / 3
1 1 / 3 0
a) Tnh frung bnh va phuong saI cua X va Y.
b) Tnh ho so fuong fuong quan |X, Y) .
c) X va Y co doc Iap khong 7
Giai
a) Ta co cac ham maf do fhanh phan

X
1/ 3 khI x 1, 0,1
f |x)
0 khI x 1, 0,1
=
=

Y
2 / 3 khI y 0
f |y) 1/ 3 khI y 1
0 khI y 0,1
=

= =

Tu do suy ra

X X
x
1 1 1
xf |x) 1 0 1 0
3 3 3
= = + + =

,

Y Y
y
2 1 1
yf |y) 0 1
3 3 3
= = + =

,

2 2 2 2 2 2 2
X X X
x
1 1 1 2
x f |x) | 1) 0 1 0
3 3 3 3
= = + + =

,

2
2 2 2 2 2
Y y y
y
2 1 1 2
y f |y) 0 1
3 3 3 9

= = + =

.
b) o
( )
x,y
XY xyf |x, y) 0 = =

,
fa suy ra
32

( )
X Y
X Y X Y
XY .
cov|X, Y)
|X, Y) 0
. .

= = =

.
c) VoI ham maf do dong fhoI f |x, y) , fa co

X Y
2
f |0, 0) 0 f |0)f |0)
9
= = .
o do, X va Y khong doc Iap.
Bu 11. Chung mInh rang nou vocfo ngau nhIon ( ) V X, Y = co X, Y doc Iap, fh |X, Y) 0 = .
Giai
V X, Y doc Iap non ( ) ( ) ( ) XY X . Y = . Tu do suy ra

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
X Y
X Y X Y
X Y
XY .
cov|X, Y)
|X, Y)
. .
X . Y X . Y
0.
.

= =

= =


Bu 12. Chung mInh rang voI moI vocfo ngau nhIon ( ) V X, Y = , fa co ho so fuong quan |X, Y)
fhoa 1 |X, Y) 1 .
Giai
Ta chung mInh cho fruong hop X, Y Ia cac bIon so ngau nhIon roI rac. Truong hop bIon so
ngau nhIon IIon fuc duoc chung mInh fuong fu. VoI f |x, y) chI ham maf do |dong fhoI) cua
( ) V X, Y = , fa co

( ) ( ) ( )
X Y
X Y X Y
X Y
cov|X, Y)
|X, Y)
. .

= =

,
va

( ) ( ) ( )
X Y X Y
x,y
X Y
x,y
|X )|Y )f |x, y) X Y
|X ) f |x, y)|Y ) f |x, y).
=
=

non fu baf dang fhuc Cauchy Schvarz, fa co

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
X Y X Y
x,y x,y
X Y
|X ) f |x, y) |Y ) f |x, y) X Y
.

=


o do

( ) ( ) ( )
X Y
X Y
X Y
1 |X, Y)

=

,
nghIa Ia 1 |X, Y) 1 .



33
B. BA TAP
Xuc d{nh ben nguu nhen.
Bu 1. Xac suaf chua khoI bonh A cua 1 bac sI Ia 0,8.
a) Iap bang phan phoI xac suaf cua so nguoI duoc chua khoI bonh frong 1 nhom bonh
nhan gom 5 nguoI do bac sI do dIou frj.
b) CoI X Ia so bonh nhan chua khoI bonh. Tm ham phan phoI xac suaf cua X.
ap so . a
X 0 1 2 J 4 6
P 0.000J2 0.0064 0.0612 0.204S 0.4006 0.J276S
b
( )
<

<

<

= <

<

<

0 khI x 0
0.00032 khI 0 x 1
0.00672 khI 1 x 2
I x 0.05792 khI 2 x 3
0.26272 khI 3 x 4
0.67232 khI 4 x 5
1 khI x 5

Bu 2. Co 2 caI hop. Hop mof chua 10 bI gom 3 bI do va 7 bI don. Hop haI chua 5 bI gom 2 bI do
va 3 bI don. Iay ngau nhIon 1 bI fu hop mof bo vao hop haI; roI fu hop haI Iay ngau nhIon 1 bI.
a) Tnh xac suaf do bI Iay ra fu hop haI Ia bI do.
b) Iap bang phan phoI xac suaf cho so bI do co frong hop haI sau khI bo vao 1 bI Iay fu
hop mof.
ap so . a 0.383.
b
X 2 J
P
7
10

3
10

Bu 3. Mof fhIof bj gom 3 bo phan hoaf dong doc Iap voI nhau, xac suaf frong khoang fhoI gIan
f cac bo phan hong fuong ung bang 0.2; 0.3; 0.25. CoI X Ia so bo phan bj hong frong khoang fhoI
gIan f.
a) Iap bang phan phoI xac suaf cua X.
b) VIof bIou fhuc ham phan phoI cua X.
c) Tnh ( ) P 0 X 4 < fhoo haI cach.
ap so . a
X 0 1 2 J
P 0.42 0.426 0.14 0.016
b
( )
<

<

= <

<

0 khI x 0
0.42 khI 0 x 1
I x 0.845 khI 1 x 2
0.985 khI 2 x 3
1 khI x 3

c 0.58.
34
Bu 4. MoI cau fhu co 3 qua bong. HaI cau fhu Ian Iuof nom bong vao ro cho don khI co nguoI
nom frung hoac hof bong fh ngung. Iof xac suaf nom frung cua cau fhu fhu nhaf Ia 0,7, cua
cau fhu fhu haI Ia 0,8 va cau fhu 1 nom fruoc.
a) CoI
I
X Ia so Ian cau fhu fhu I nom. Iap bang phan phoI xac suaf cua
1
X va
2
X .
b) CoI
I
Y Ia so Ian cau fhu fhu I nom frung. Iap bang phan phoI xac suaf cua
1
Y va
2
Y .
ap so . a
X
1
1 2 J
P 0.04 0.0664 0.00J6

X
2
0 1 2 J
P 0.7 0.2S2 0.01602 0.0010S
b
Y
1
0 1
P 0.2664S 0.74462

Y
2
0 1
P 0.7447J6 0.266264
Thum so duc trung cuu ben nguu nhen.
Bu 5. Tung mof dong xu xap ngua 2 Ian doc Iap. CoI X Ia so Ian duoc maf xap.
a) Iap bang phan phoI xac suaf cho X.
b) Tnh xac suaf co f nhaf mof Ian duoc maf xap.
c) Tnh ky vong, phuong saI.
d) Tnh ModX|, MoX|.
o) Tnh ho so baf doI xung, ho so nhon.
ap so . a
X 0 1 2
P 0.26 0.6 0.26
b 0.75.
c =
X
1 , =
2
X
0.5.
J [ ] = Mod X 1, [ ] = Mo X 1.
c ( ) =
1
X 0, ( ) =
2
X 8 .
Bu 6. CoI X Ia so Ian maf nhaf xuaf hIon sau ba Ian fung mof con xuc xac.
a) Iap bang phan phoI xac suaf cua X.
b) Tnh xac suaf co f nhaf mof Ian duoc maf nhaf.
c) Tnh xac suaf co foI da haI Ian maf nhaf.
d) Tnh
X
,
2
X
.
ap so . a
X 0 1 2 J
P 0.670 0.J47 0.060 0.006
b 0.421.
c 0.995.
35
J =
X
0.5 , =
2
X
0.417 .
Bu ?. Co 3 xa fhu cung ban vao mof muc fIou, moI nguoI ban 1 vIon, frong cung mof so dIou
kIon nhaf djnh. Xac suaf do moI xa fhu ban frung muc fIou Ian Iuof Ia 0,6; 0,7; 0,9. CoI X Ia so
vIon dan frung muc fIou. Hay Iap bang phan phoI xac suaf cua X. Tnh frung bnh |
X
), phuong
saI |
2
X
) va ModX|.
ap so .
X 0 1 2 J
P 0.012 0.164 0.466 0.J7S
=
X
2.2 , =
2
X
0.54 , [ ] = Mod X 2.
Bu 8. Mof phan xuong co ba may
1 2 3
M , M , M . Trong mof gIo, moI may san xuaf duoc 10 san
pham, frong do so san pham khong daf fIou chuan cua M
1
, M
2
, M
3
Ian Iuof Ia 1, 2, 1. Iay ngau
nhIon fu moI may mof san pham. CoI X Ia so san pham khong daf fIou chuan frong 3 san pham
duoc Iay ra.
a) Iap bang phan phoI san xuaf cua X.
b) Tm
X
,
2
X
, ModX|.
c) Tnh ( ) P X 1 .
ap so . a
X 0 1 2 J
P 0.64S 0.J06 0.044 0.002

b =
X
0.4 , =
2
X
0.34 , [ ] = Mod X 0.
c 0.954 .
Bu 9. Xof fro choI, fung mof con xuc xac ba Ian: nou ca ba Ian duoc 6 nuf fh IInh 6 ngan d, nou
haI Ian 6 nuf fh IInh 4 ngan d, mof Ian 6 nuf fh IInh 2 ngan d, va nou khong co 6 nuf fh
khong IInh g hof. MoI Ian choI phaI dong A ngan d. HoI :
a) A Ia bao nhIou fh nguoI choI vo Iau vo daI huo von |goI Ia fro choI cong bang),
b) A Ia bao nhIou fh frung bnh moI Ian nguoI choI maf 1 ngan d.
ap so . a = A 1000.
b = A 2000.

Bu 10. Mof nha dau fu co 3 du an. CoI X
I
|I=1, 2, 3) Ia so fIon fhu duoc khI fhuc hIon du an fhu I
|gIa frj am chI so fIon bj fhua Io). X
I
Ia daI Iuong ngau nhIon. Qua nghIon cuu, gIa su co so IIou
nhu sau : |on vj fnh : 10 frIou dong )
X
1
-20 30 60
P 0.3 0.2 0.5

X
2
-20 -10 100
P 0.4 0.2 0.4

X
3
-25 -30 80
P 0.2 0.3 0.5
Thoo anh |chj), fa non chon du an nao 7
ap so . Ncn cbon Ju an 1.
36
Bu 11. Cho X Ia mof daI Iuong ngau nhIon co phan phoI xac suaf nhu sau
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
X
P
0 a 2a 2a 3a
2
a
2
2a
2
7a a +
a) Xac djnh a.
b) Tnh [ ] P X 5 , [ ] P X 3 < .
c) Tnh k nho nhaf sao cho [ ]
1
P X k
2
.
ap so . a =
1
a
10
.
b [ ] = P X 5 0.2 , [ ] < = P X 3 0.3.
c = k 3 .
Bu 12. Cho ham maf do cua bIon ngau nhIon X co dang
a)
[ ]
[ ]
Ax khI x 0,1
f |x)
0 khI x 0,1

b)
[ ]
[ ]
AsIn x khI x 0,
f |x)
0 khI x 0,

c)
[ ]
[ ]
1
2
1
2
Acos x khI x 0,
f |x)
0 khI x 0,

d)
4
1
A khI x 1
f |x)
x
0 khI x 1

<

Hay xac djnh A. Tm ham phan phoI xac suaf cua X. Tnh
X
,
2
X
, nou co.
ap so . a = A 2, =
X
2
3
, =
2
X
0.055,
( )

= <

>

2
x khI 0 x 1
I x 0 khI x 0
1 khI x 1
.
b = A 0.5 ,

=
X
2
,

=
2
2
X
2
4
,
( )
( )

= <

>

1
1 cos x khI 0 x
2
I x 0 khI x 0
1 khI x
.
c = A , =

X
1 1
2
,

=

2
X 2
3
,
( )
( )

= <

>

1
sIn x khI 0 x
2
I x 0 khI x 0
1
1 khI x
2
.
37
J = A 3, =
X
3
2
, =
2
X
3
4
,
( )

<

3
1
1 khI x 1
I x
x
0 khI x 1
.
Bu 13. TuoI fho cua mof IoaI bong don nao do Ia 1 bIon ngau nhIon X |don vj nam) voI ham
maf do nhu sau

2
kx |4 x) khI 0 x 4
f |x)
0 khI x 0, 4|

=

a) Tm k va vo do fhj f|x).
b) Tm xac suaf do bong don chay fruoc khI no duoc 1 nam fuoI.
ap so . a =
3
k
64
,
1 2 3 4
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
.
b 0.0508.
Bu 14. Trong Iuong cua mof con vjf 6 fhang fuoI Ia 1 bIon ngau nhIon X |don vj fnh Ia Kg) co
ham maf do

2
k|x 1) khI 1 x 3
f |x)
0 khI x 1, 3|

=

a) Tm k.
b) VoI k fm duoc, fm
|I) frong Iuong frung bnh cua vjf 6 fhang fuoI,
|II) ham phan phoI xac suaf cua X,
|III) fy Io vjf cham Ion, bIof vjf 6 fhang fuoI cham Ion Ia vjf co frong Iuong nho hon 2Kg.
ap so . a =
3
k
20
.
b (i =
X
2.4 kg.
(ii
( )
+

= <

>

3
x 3x 2
khI 1 x 3
20
I x 0 khI x 1
1 khI x 3
.
(iii 0.2.
38
Bu 15. Cho ham maf do cua bIon ngau nhIon X co dang

2 2
2 2
a cos x khI x ,
f |x)
0 khI x ,

=




a) Tm a va xac djnh ham phan phoI xac suaf I|x) cua X.
b) Tnh xac suaf do X nhan gIa frj frong khoang ,
4

.
ap so . a =
1
a
2
,
( )
+

= <

>

sIn x 1
khI x
2 2 2
I x 0 khI x
2
1 khI x
2
.
b 0.1465.
Bu 16. Cho bIon ngau nhIon IIon fuc X co ham phan phoI


<

= +

>

0 khI x ,
2
I|x) a bsIn x khI x ,
2 2
1 khI x
2

voI a, b Ia hang so.
a) Tm a va b.
b) VoI a va b fm duoc o cau a), fnh ham maf do f|x) cua X; [ ] Mod x ; [ ] Mo x ; P X
4

>


.
ap so . a =
1
a
2
, =
1
b
2
.
b [ ] = Mod x 0 , [ ] = Mo x 0,

> =


P X 0.1465
4
,
( )




=

1
cos x khI x ,
2 2 2
f x
0 khI x ,
2 2

Vecto nguu nhen.
Bu 1?. So fro om sInh ra frong mof fuan o mof Iang A nao do Ia mof daI Iuong ngau nhIon co
phan bo xac suaf Ia
X 0 1 2 3
P 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1
So nguoI chof frong mof fuan o Iang A Ia mof daI Iuong ngau nhIon Y co phan bo xac suaf Ia
Y 0 1 2 3 4
P 0,1 0,3 0,4 0,15 0,05
CIa su rang X va Y doc Iap.
39
a) Tm phan phoI xac suaf dong fhoI cua X va Y.
b) Tnh P|X > Y).
ap so . a
Y
X
0 1 2 J 4
0 0.04 0.12 0.16 0.06 0.02
1 0.0J 0.00 0.12 0.046 0.016
2 0.02 0.06 0.0S 0.0J 0.01
J 0.01 0.0J 0.04 0.016 0.006
b 0.19.
Bu 18. Cho bang phan phoI xac suaf dong fhoI cua X, Y nhu sau :

Y
X
4 5
1 0,1 0,06
2 0,3 0,18
3 0,2 0,16
a) Iap bang phan phoI xac suaf fhanh phan cua X va Y.
b) Iap bang phan phoI xac suaf co dIou kIon cua X va Y.
c) Tnh covarIanco va ho so fuong quan cua X va Y.
ap so . a
X 1 2 J
P
X
0.16 0.4S 0.J6

Y 4 6
P
Y
0.6 0.4
b
Y
X
4 6
1 0.17 0.16
2 0.6 0.46
J 0.JJ 0.4

X
Y
1 2 J
4 0.626 0.626 0.66
6 0.J76 0.J76 0.44
c = cov|X, Y) 0.02, = |X, Y) 0.059.
Thum so duc trung cuu ben nguu nhen.
Bu 19. Cac daI Iuong ngau nhIon X va Y co bang phan phoI xac suaf dong fhoI nhu sau
Y
X
1 2 3
1 0,12 0,15 0,03
2 0,28 0,35 0,07
a) Chung mInh rang X va Y doc Iap.
40
b) Iap bang phan phoI xac suaf cua Z = XY. Tu do fnh |Z) va kIom fra rang
|Z) |X)|Y) = .
ap so . b
Z 1 2 J 4 6
P 0.12 0.4J 0.0J 0.J6 0.07
( ) = Z 2.89, ( ) = X 1.7, ( ) = Y 1.7.
Bu 20. Cho X, Y Ia haI daI Iuong ngau nhIon co phan bo xac suaf dong fhoI nhu sau
Y
X
-1 1
-1 1
6

1
4

0 1
6

1
8

1 1
6

1
8


Hay fnh |X), |Y), cov|X,Y) va |X, Y) .
ap so . =
X
1
8
, =
Y
0 , = cov|X, Y) 0.125, = |X, Y) 0.1502 .
Bu 21. Cho X,Y Ia haI daI Iuong ngau nhIon co phan bo xac suaf dong fhoI nhu sau
Y
X
-1 0 1
-1
4
15

1
15

4
15

0
1
15

2
15

1
15

1 0
2
15

0

a) Tm
X
,
Y
, cov|X,Y) va |X, Y) .
b) X va Y co doc Iap khong 7
ap so . a =
X
0.467, =
Y
0 , = cov|X, Y) 0, = |X, Y) 0 .
b X oa Y Joc /ap.

Bu 22. Co haI hop, moI hop dung 6 bI. Trong hop mof co : 1 bI mang so 1, 2 bI mang so 2, 3 bI
mang so 3. Trong hop haI co : 2 bI mang so 1, 3 bI mang so 2, 1 bI mang so 3. Ruf fu moI hop 1
bI. CoI X Ia so ghI fron bI ruf ra fu hop mof, Y Ia so ghI fron bI ruf ra fu hop haI.
a) Hay Iap bang phan phoI xac suaf dong fhoI cua ( ) V X, Y = .
b) ang phan phoI xac suaf Io cua X , Y.
c) Ky vong, phuong saI cua X , Y.
d) HIop phuong saI, ho so fuong quan.
ap so . a
Y
X
1 2 J
1
2
36

3
36

1
36

41
2
4
36

6
36

2
36

J
6
36

9
36

3
36

b
X 1 2 J
P
X
1
36

2
36

3
36


Y 1 2 J
P
Y
2
36

3
36

1
36

c =
X
2.33, =
Y
1.83, =
2
X
0.555, =
2
Y
0.472 .
J = cov|X, Y) 0.0139, = |X, Y) 0.027 .
Bu 23. Tung ba Ian doc Iap mof con xuc xac. CoI X Ia so Ian maf chan xuaf hIon va Y Ia so Ian
maf Io xuaf hIon.
a) Iap bang phan phoI xac suaf cua X va Y.
b) Tnh ho so fuong quan |X, Y) . Nhan xof7
ap so . a
X 0 1 2 J
P
X
0.126 0.J76 0.J76 0.126

Y 0 1 2 J
P
Y
0.126 0.J76 0.J76 0.126

b = |X, Y) 1 , X oa Y pbu tbuoc cbat, ngbjcb bicn.

42
Chng 3
PHAN PHOI XAC SUAT
A. BAI TAP MAU
Bai 1. CIa su fy Io sInh con fraI va con gaI Ia bang nhau va bang
1
2
. Mof gIa dnh co 4 nguoI
con. Tnh xac suaf do 4 dua con do gom
a) 2 fraI va 2 gaI,
b) 1 fraI va 3 gaI,
c) 4 fraI.
Giai
CoI X Ia so con fraI frong mof gIa dnh co 4 con fh ( ) X 4; 0.5 .
a) Xac suaf do co haI fraI va haI gaI frong bon dua con Ia

( ) ( )
2 2
2
4
3
P|X 2) C 0.5 0.5
8
0.375.
= = =
=

b) Xac suaf do co mof con fraI frong so bon dua con Ia

( ) ( )
1 3
1
4
1
P|X 1) C 0.5 0.5
4
0.25.
= = =
=

c) Xac suaf do ca bon dou Ia fraI

( ) ( )
4 0
4
4
1
P|X 4) C 0.5 0.5
16
0.0625.
= = =
=

Bai 2. Mof nha may san xuaf voI fy Io pho pham Ia 7%
a) Quan saf ngau nhIon 10 san pham. Tnh xac suaf do
I) co dung mof pho pham,
II) co f nhaf mof pho pham,
III) co nhIou nhaf mof pho pham.
b) HoI phaI quan saf f nhaf bao nhIou san pham do xac suaf nhan duoc f nhaf mof pho pham
0.9 .
Giai
a) CoI X Ia so pho pham nhan duoc frong 10 san pham fh ( ) X 10; 0.07 .
I) Xac suaf do co dung 1 pho pham frong 10 san pham Ia

( ) ( )
( )
1 10 1
1
10
9
P|X 1) C 0.07 1 0.07
10 0.07 0.93 0.3643.

= =
= =

II) Xac suaf do co f nhaf mof pho pham Ia
43
( ) ( ) ( )
0 10 10
0
10
P|X 1) 1 P|X 0)
1 C 0.07 0.93 1 0.93
0.516.
= =
= =
=

III) Va xac suaf do co nhIou nhaf mof pho pham Ia
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 10 1 9
0 1
10 10
P|X 1) P|X 0) P|X 1)
C 0.07 0.93 C 0.07 0.93
0.8483.
= = + =
= +
=

b) CoI n Ia so san pham quan saf do xac suaf nhan duoc f nhaf mof pho pham 0.9 . VoI bIon
so X chI so pho pham nhan duoc frong n Ian quan saf nay fh ( ) X n; 0.07 . o
( ) ( )
( )
0 n
0
n
n
P|X 1) 1 P|X 0)
1 C 0.07 0.93
1 0.93 .
= =
=
=

Tu P|X 1) 0.9 , fa duoc baf phuong frnh
( )
n
1 0.93 0.9 .
CIaI baf phuong frnh fron, fa nhan duoc gIa frj n 31.73 . Vay phaI quan saf f nhaf 32
san pham.
Bai 3. Mof frung fam buu dIon nhan duoc frung bnh 3 cuoc dIon fhoaI frong moI phuf. Tnh xac
suaf do frung fam nay nhan duoc 1 cuoc, 2 cuoc, 3 cuoc goI frong 1 phuf, bIof rang so cuoc goI
frong mof phuf co phan phoI PoIsson.
Giai
CoI X Ia so cuoc goI nhan duoc frong 1 phuf fh X co phan phoI PoIsson voI frung bnh 3,
nghIa Ia X P|3) .
Xac suaf do frung fam buu dIon nhan duoc 1 cuoc, 2 cuoc va 3 cuoc goI frong 1 phuf Ian
Iuof Ia

1
3
3
P|X 1) o 0.1494
1!

= = = ,

2
3
3
P|X 2) o 0.224
2!

= = = ,
va
3
3
3
P|X 3) o 0.224
3!

= = = .
Bai 4. KhI fIom fruyon mof IoaI huyof fhanh, frung bnh co mof fruong hop phan ung fron 1000
fruong hop. ung IoaI huyof fhanh nay fIom cho 2000 nguoI. Tnh xac suaf do
a) co 3 fruong hop phan ung,
b) co nhIou nhaf 3 fruong hop phan ung,
c) co nhIou hon 3 fruong hop phan ung.
Giai
o xac suaf do mof nguoI bj phan ung voI IoaI huyof fhanh nay Ia
1
1000
non voI X chI so
nguoI bj phan ung voI IoaI huyof fhanh nay frong 2000 nguoI fh X |2000; 0.001) .
44
V p 0.001 0.01 = < va np 2 5 = < non phan phoI nhj fhuc co fho xap xI bang phan phoI
PoIsson, nghIa Ia
= X P|2000 0.001) P|2) .
a) Vay, xac suaf do co ba fruong hop phan ung frong 1000 fruong hop Ia

3
2 2
2 4
P|X 3) o o 0.18
3! 3

= = = = .
b) Xac suaf co nhIou nhaf 3 fruong hop phan ung frong 1000 fruong hop Ia

2 2 2 2
2
P|X 3) P|X 0) P|X 1) P|X 2) P|X 3)
4
o 2o 2o o
3
19
o 0.86.
3

= = + = + = + =
= + + +
= =

c) Va xac xuaf co nhIou hon 3 fruong hop phan ung Ia

2
P|X 3) 1 P|X 3)
19
1 o 0.14.
3

> =
= =

Bai 5. Ty Io mof IoaI bonh bam sInh frong dan so Ia p 0.01 = . onh nay can su cham soc dac
bIof Iuc moI sInh. Mof nha bao sInh fhuong co 20 ca sInh frong mof fuan. Tnh xac suaf do
a) khong co fruong hop nao can cham soc dac bIof,
b) co dung mof fruong hop can cham soc dac bIof,
c) co nhIou hon mof fruong hop can cham soc dac bIof.
Tnh bang quy Iuaf nhj fhuc roI dung quy Iuaf PoIsson do so sanh kof qua khI fa xap xI
phan phoI nhj fhuc |n; p) bang phan phoI poIsson P|np) .
Giai
CoI X Ia so fruong hop can cham soc dac bIof frong 20 ca sInh. Ta co X |20; 0.01) .
a) Xac suaf do khong co fruong hop nao can cham soc dac bIof Ia

( ) ( )
( )
0 20
0
20
20
P|X 0) C 0.01 1 0.01)
0.99 0.8179.
= =
= =

b) Xac suaf do co dung mof fruong hop can cham soc dac bIof Ia

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 20 1
1
20
19
P|X 1) C 0.01 1 0.01)
20 0.01 0.99 0.1652.

= =
= =

c) Xac suaf co nhIou hon mof fruong hop can cham soc dac bIof Ia

[ ] P|X 1) 1 P|X 0) P|X 1)
1 |0.8179 0.1652) 0.0168.
> = = + =
= + =

KhI xap xI phan phoI nhj fhuc bang phan phoI PoIsson, nghIa Ia X P|20 0.01) P|0.2) = ,
fa nhan duoc

0.2
P|X 0) o 0.8187

= = = ,
45

1
0.2
|0.2)
P|X 1) o 0.1637
1!

= = = ,
va

[ ] P|X 1) 1 P|X 0) P|X 1)
1 |0.8187 0.1637) 0.01755.
> = = + =
= + =

Kof Iuan : VoI co mau 20 va fy Io bonh p 0.01 = fh kof qua cua haI IoaI phan phoI nay xap
xI nhu nhau.
Bai 6. Cho vocfo ngau nhIon ( ) V X, Y = , voI X, Y doc Iap,
X
X P| ) va
Y
Y P| ) .
a) Tnh xac suaf ( ) P X Y n + = ,
b) Tnh xac suaf
( )
P X k X Y n = + = .
Giai
a) Ta co
( ) ( )
n
k 0
P X Y n P X k; Y n k
=
+ = = = =

.
o X, Y doc Iap,
X
X P| ) va
Y
Y P| ) , non

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
X Y
k n k
X Y
P X k; Y n k P X k P Y n k
o o
k! n k !

= = = = =

=

Tu do suy ra

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
X Y
X Y
X Y
X Y
n
k n k
X Y
k 0
n n
k n k
k k n k X Y
n X Y
k 0 k 0
n
X Y
P|X Y n) o o
k! n k !
o
o C
k! n k ! n!
o .
n!

=
+
+
= =
+

+ = = =

= =

+
=

b) Tu cong fhuc xac suaf co dIou kIon

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
P X k; X Y n P X k; Y n k
P X k X Y n
P X Y n P X Y n
P X k P Y n k
,
P X Y n
= + = = =
= + = = =
+ = + =
= =
=
+ =

fa duoc

( )
( )
X Y
X Y
k n k
X Y
n
| ) X Y
n k k
k Y X
n
X Y X Y
o o
k! |n k) !
P X k X Y n
o
n!
C .

= + = =
+

=

+ +


46
Bai 7. uong knh cua mof chI fIof may do mof may fIon fu dong san xuaf co phan phoI chuan
voI frung bnh 50 = mm va do Ioch chuan 0.05 = mm. ChI fIof may duoc xom Ia daf you cau
nou duong knh khong saI qua 0.1mm.
a) Tnh fy Io san pham daf you cau.
b) Iay ngau nhIon 3 san pham. Tnh xac suaf co f nhaf mof san pham daf you cau.
Giai
CoI X Ia duong knh cua chI fIof may fh
2
X N| ; ) , voI 50 = mm va 0.05 = mm.
a) Xof bIon co A : nhan duoc san pham daf you cau, fa co
( ) ( ) P A P 49.9 X 50.1 = .
Maf khac, nou fa daf
X X 50
Y
0.05

= =

, fh Y N|0;1) . o do

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
49.9 50 X 50 50.1 50
P 49.9 X 50.1 P
0.05 0.05 0.05
P 2 Y 2 2 2 2 2
0.9544.

=


= = =
=

Vay xac suaf do nhan duoc san pham daf you cau Ia 95.44%.
b) CoI X Ia so san pham daf you cau frong 3 san pham Iay ra fh ( ) X 3; 0.9544 .
Suy ra xac suaf do co f nhaf mof san pham daf you cau Ia

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
3
0
0
3
3
P X 1 1 P X 0
1 C 0.9544 1 0.9544
1 0.0456 0.9999.
= =
=
= =

Bai 8. Trong Iuong X |fnh bang gam) mof IoaI fraI cay co phan phoI chuan
2
N| ; ) , voI
500|gam) = va
2 2
16|gam ) = . TraI cay fhu hoach duoc phan IoaI fhoo frong Iuong nhu sau :
a) IoaI 1 : fron 505 gam,
b) IoaI 2 : fu 495 don 505 gam,
c) IoaI 3 : duoI 495 gam.
Tnh fy Io moI IoaI.
Giai
CoI X Ia frong Iuong fraI cay fh
( ) ( )
2 2
X N ; N 500; 4 = . VoI
X 500
Y
4

= fh
( ) Y N 0;1 . o do
a) Ty Io fraI cay IoaI 1 Ia

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
X 500 505 500
P X 505 P
4 4
P Y 1.25 1.25 0.5 1.25
0.10565.

> = >


= > = + =
=

b) Ty Io fraI cay IoaI 2 Ia
47

( )
( )
495 500 X 500 505 500
P 495 X 505 P
4 4 4
P 1.25 Y 1.25 0.7887.

=


= =

c) Va fy Io cua IoaI 3 Ia

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
X 500 495 500
P X 495 P| )
4 4
P Y 1.25 1.25
1.25 0.5 0.10565.

< = <
= < =
= + =

Vay, fraI cay fhu hoach duoc co khoang 11% IoaI 1, 78% IoaI 2 va 11% IoaI 3.

B. BAI TAP.
Bai 1. Co 8000 san pham frong do co 2000 san pham khong daf fIou chuan ky fhuaf. Iay ngau
nhIon |khong hoan IaI) 10 san pham. Tnh xac suaf do frong 10 san pham Iay ra co 2 san pham
khong daf fIou chuan.
ap so : 0.282.
Bai 2. uong knh cua mof IoaI chI fIof do mof may san xuaf co phan phoI chuan, ky vong
20mm, phuong saI
2
|0, 2mm) . Iay ngau nhIon 1 chI fIof may. Tnh xac suaf do
a) co duong knh frong khoang 19,9mm don 20,3mm,
b) co duong knh saI khac voI ky vong khong qua 0,3mm.
ap so : a) 0.6247 .
b) 0.8664 .
Bai 3. Mof may dof co 4000 ong soI. Xac suaf do moI ong soI bj duf frong 1 phuf Ia 0,0005. Tnh
xac suaf do frong 1 phuf
a) co 3 ong soI bj duf,
b) co f nhaf 2 ong soI bj duf.
ap so : a) 0.18.
b) 0.595.
Bai 4. Mof cua hang cho fhuo xo ofo nhan fhay rang so nguoI don fhuo xo ofo vao ngay fhu bay
cuoI fuan Ia mof daI Iuong ngau nhIon X co phan phoI PoIsson voI fham so 2 = . CIa su cua
hang co 4 chIoc ofo. Hay Tm xac suaf do
a) khong phaI faf ca 4 chIoc ofo dou duoc fhuo,
b) faf ca 4 chIoc ofo dou duoc fhuo,
c) cua hang khong dap ung duoc you cau,
d) frung bnh co bao nhIou ofo duoc fhuo,
o) cua hang can co f nhaf bao nhIou ofo do xac suaf khong dap ung duoc nhu cau fhuo bo
hon 2%.
ap so : a) 0.857.
b) 0.1429.
c) 0.0527 .
d) 2 .
e) 5.
48
Bai 5. Mof fong daI buu dIon co cac cuoc dIon fhoaI goI don xuaf hIon ngau nhIon, doc Iap voI
nhau va co foc do frung bnh 2 cuoc goI frong 1 phuf. Tm xac suaf do
a) co dung 5 cuoc dIon fhoaI frong 2 phuf,
b) khong co cuoc dIon fhoaI nao frong khoang fhoI gIan 30 gIay,
c) co f nhaf 1 cuoc dIon fhoaI frong khoang fhoI gIan 10 gIay.
ap so : a) 0.1563.
b) 0.3679.
c) 0.284 .
Bai 6. Ty Io cu frI ung ho ung cu vIon A frong mof cuoc bau cu Ia 60%. NguoI fa hoI y kIon 20 cu
frI duoc chon mof cach ngau nhIon. CoI X Ia so nguoI bo phIou cho A frong 20 nguoI do.
a) Tm gIa frj frung bnh, do Ioch chuan va Mod cua X.
b) Tm ( ) P X 10 .
c) Tm ( ) P X 12 > .
d) Tm ( ) P X 11 = .
ap so : a) =
X
12, =
X
2.191, [ ] = Mod X 12 .
b) 0.245.
c) 0.416.
d) 0.16.
Bai 7. Xac suaf do mof may san xuaf ra pho pham Ia 0.02.
a) Tnh xac suaf do frong 10 san pham do may san xuaf co khong qua 1 pho pham.
b) Mof ngay may san xuaf duoc 250 san pham. Tm so pho pham frung bnh va so pho
pham fIn chac nhaf cua may do frong mof ngay.
ap so : a) 0.98.
b) So phe pham trung bnh = 5, so phe pham tin chac nhat = 5.
Bai 8. Mof may san xuaf ra san pham IoaI A voI xac suaf 0.485. Tnh xac suaf sao co frong 200
san pham do may san xuaf ra co f nhaf 95 san pham IoaI A.
ap so : 0.6103.
Bai 9. Xac suaf do mof may san xuaf ra san pham IoaI A Ia 0.25. Tnh xac suaf do frong 80 san
pham do may san xuaf ra co fu 25 don 30 san pham IoaI A.
ap so : 0.0936.
Bai 10. CIoo 100 haf gIong cua mof IoaI nong san. Xac suaf nay mam cua moI haf Ia 0.8. Tnh
xac suaf do co f nhaf 90 haf nay mam.
ap so : 0.0062.
Bai 11. Mof sof cam co 10 fraI frong do co 4 fraI hu. Iay ngau nhIon ra 3 fraI.
a) Tnh xac suaf Iay duoc 3 fraI hu.
b) Tnh xac suaf Iay duoc 1 fraI hu
c) Tnh xac suaf Iay duoc f nhaf 1 fraI hu.
d) Tnh xac suaf Iay duoc nhIou nhaf 2 fraI hu.


49
ap so : a) 0.033.
b) 0.5.
c) 0.83.
d) 0.967.
Bai 12. CIa su fy Io dan cu mac bonh A frong vung Ia 10%. Chon ngau nhIon 1 nhom 400 nguoI.
a) VIof cong fhuc fnh xac suaf do frong nhom co nhIou nhaf 50 nguoI mac bonh A.
b) Tnh xap xI xac suaf do bang phan phoI chuan.
ap so : a) 0.9564 .
b) 0.9525.
Bai 13. Mof nha xa hoI hoc cho rang 12% so dan cua fhanh pho ua fhch mof bo phIm A moI
chIou fron fIvI. o khang djnh du doan nay, ong fa chon mof mau ngau nhIon gom 500 nguoI do
hoI y kIon va fhay 75 nguoI fra IoI ua fhch bo phIm do. Tnh xac suaf do frong mof mau ngau
nhIon gom 500 nguoI, so nguoI ua fhch bo phIm f nhaf Ia 75 nou gIa fhuyof p = 12% Ia dung.
ap so : a) 0.0233.
b) 0.9525.
Bai 14. Cho X va Y Ia haI daI Iuong ngau nhIon doc Iap.
a) CIa su ( )
1
5
X 1; ; ( )
1
5
Y 2; . Iap bang phan phoI xac suaf cua X + Y va kIom fra
rang ( ) ( )
1
5
X Y 3; + .
b) CIa su ( )
1
2
X 1; ; ( )
1
5
Y 2; . Tm phan bo xac suaf cua X + Y. Chung mInh rang X +
Y khong co phan bo nhj fhuc.
ap so : a)
X+Y 0 1 2 3
P

64
125

48
125

12
125

1
125

b)
Z 0 1 2 3
P

16
50

24
50

9
50

1
50

Bai 15. Xac suaf do mof con ga do frong ngay Ia 0,6. NuoI 5 con.
1) Tnh xac suaf do frong mof ngay :
a) khong con nao do,
b) ca 5 con do,
c) co f nhaf 1 con do,
d) co f nhaf 2 con do.
2) Nou muon moI ngay co frung bnh 100 frung fh phaI nuoI bao nhIou con ga.
ap so : 1) a) 0.01024 , b) 0.07776 , c) 0.98976 , d) 0.91296 .
2) 167 con.
Bai 16. San pham sau khI hoan faf duoc dong fhanh kIon, moI kIon gom 10 san pham voI fy Io
fhu pham Ia 20%. Truoc khI mua hang, khach hang muon kIom fra bang cach fu moI kIon chon
ngau nhIon 3 san pham.
a) Tm Iuaf phan phoI xac suaf cua so san pham fof frong 3 san pham Iay ra.
50
b) Nou ca 3 san pham duoc Iay ra dou Ia san pham fof fh khach hang so dong y mua kIon
hang do. Tnh xac suaf do khI kIom fra 100 kIon co f nhaf 60 kIon duoc mua.
ap so : a) Goi X la so san pham tot trong 3 san pham lay ra, ( ) X H 10; 8; 3 ,
X 0 1 2 3
P

0 0.066 0.467 0.467
b) 0.0038.
Bai 17. Xac suaf frung so Ia 1%. MoI fuan mua mof vo so. HoI phaI mua vo so IIon fIop frong foI
fhIou bao nhIou fuan do co khong f hon 95% hy vong frung so f nhaf 1 Ian.
( ) cho Ig 99 1, 9956; Ig 5 0, 6990 = =
ap so : 296 tuan.
Bai 18. uu dIon dung mof may fu dong doc dja chI fron b fhu do phan IoaI fung khu vuc goI dI,
may co kha nang doc duoc 5000 b fhu frong 1 phuf. Kha nang doc saI 1 dja chI fron b fhu Ia
0,04% |xom nhu vIoc doc 5000 b fhu nay Ia 5000 phop fhu doc Iap).
a) Tnh so b fhu frung bnh moI phuf may doc saI.
b) Tnh so b fhu fIn chac nhaf frong moI phuf may doc saI.
c) Tnh xac suaf do frong mof phuf may doc saI f nhaf 3 b fhu.
ap so : a) 2.
b) 2.
c) 0.3233.
Bai 19. Xac suaf do mof may san xuaf ra mof pho pham Ia 0.001. Tnh xac suaf do frong 4000
san pham do may nay san xuaf ra co khong qua 5 pho pham.
ap so : 0.7851.
Bai 20. TaI mof dIom ban vo may bay, frung bnh frong 10 phuf co 4 nguoI don mua vo. Tnh
xac suaf do:
a) Trong 10 phuf co 7 nguoI don mua vo.
b) Trong 10 phuf co khong qua 3 nguoI don mua vo.
ap so : a) 0.0596.
b) 0.4335.
Bai 21. IaI suaf |%) dau fu vao mof du an nam 2000 duoc coI nhu 1 daI Iuong ngau nhIon phan
phoI fhoo quy Iuaf chuan. Thoo danh gIa cua uy ban dau fu fh IaI suaf cao hon 20% co xac suaf
0,1587, va IaI suaf cao hon 25% co xac suaf Ia 0,0228. Vay kha nang dau fu ma khong bj fhua Io
Ia bao nhIou7.
ap so : 0.5.
Bai 22. o daI cua mof chI fIof may duoc fIon ra co phan phoI chuan
2
N| cm; |0, 2cm) ) . San
pham coI Ia daf nou do daI saI Ioch so voI do daI frung bnh khong qua 0,3cm.
a) Tnh xac suaf chon ngau nhIon 1 san pham fh duoc san pham you cau.
b) Chon ngau nhIon 3 san pham. Tnh xac suaf co f nhaf 2 san pham daf you cau .
ap so : a) 0.8664 .
b) 0.9512.
Bai 23. Trong Iuong cua 1 IoaI fraI cay co quy Iuaf phan phoI chuan voI frong Iuong frung bnh
Ia 250g, do Ioch chuan vo frong Iuong Ia 5g. Mof nguoI Iay 1 fraI fu frong sof fraI cay ra.
a) Tnh xac suaf nguoI nay Iay duoc fraI IoaI 1 |fraI IoaI 1 Ia fraI co frong Iuong > 260g).
51
b) Nou Iay duoc fraI IoaI 1 fh nguoI nay so mua sof do. NguoI nay kIom fra 100 sof, fnh
xac suaf mua duoc 6 sof.
ap so : a) 0.1587 .
b) 0.0029.
Bai 24. Mof cong fy kInh doanh maf hang A du djnh so ap dung mof frong 2 phuong an kInh
doanh. Ky hIou
1
X Ia IoI nhuan fhu duoc khI ap dung phuong an fhu 1,
2
X Ia IoI nhuan fhu
duoc khI ap dung phuong an fhu 2.
1
X ,
2
X dou duoc fnh fhoo don vj frIou dong/ fhang) va
( )
1
X N 140, 2500 , ( )
2
X N 200, 3600 . Nou bIof rang, do cong fy fon faI va phaf frIon fh IoI
nhuan fhu duoc fu maf hang kInh doanh A phaI daf f nhaf 80 frIou dong/fhang. Hay cho bIof
cong fy non ap dung phuong an nao do kInh doanh maf hang A7 V sao7.
ap so : ( ) =
1
P X 80 0.8849, ( ) =
2
P X 80 0.9772, nen ta chon phng an th 2.
Bai 25. Co haI fhj fruong A va , IaI suaf cua co phIou fron haI fhj fruong nay Ia cac bIon ngau nhIon
phan phoI chuan, doc Iap voI nhau, co ky vong va phuong saI duoc cho frong bang duoI day:
Trung bnh Phuong saI
Thj fruong A 19% 36
Thj fruong 22% 100

Nou muc dch Ia daf IaI suaf foI fhIou bang 10% fh non dau fu vao IoaI co phIou nao7
ap so : Nen au t vao loai co phieu tren th trng A.
Bai 26. NghIon cuu chIou cao cua nhung nguoI fruong fhanh, nguoI fa nhan fhay rang chIou cao
do fuan fhoo quy Iuaf phan bo chuan voI frung bnh Ia 175cm va do Ioch fIou chuan 4cm. Hay
xac djnh :
a) fy Io nguoI fruong fhanh co fam voc fron 180cm,
b) fy Io nguoI fruong fhanh co chIou cao fu 166cm don 177cm,
c) Tm
0
h , nou bIof rang 33% nguoI fruong fhanh co fam voc duoI muc
0
h ,
d) gIoI han bIon dong chIou cao cua 90% nguoI fruong fhanh xung quanh gIa frj frung bnh
cua no.
ap so : a) 0.1056.
b) 0.6793.
c) 173.24 .
d) 6.6.
Bai 27. ChIou daI cua chI fIof duoc gIa cong fron may fu dong Ia bIon ngau nhIon fuan fhoo quy
Iuaf phan phoI chuan voI do Ioch fIou chuan Ia 0.01mm. ChI fIof duoc coI Ia daf fIou chuan nou
kch fhuoc fhuc fo cua no saI Ioch so voI kch fhuoc frung bnh khong vuof qua 0.02mm.
a) Tm fy Io chI fIof khong daf fIou chuan.
b) Xac djnh do dong dou |phuong saI) can fhIof cua san pham do fy Io chI fIof khong daf
fIou chuan chI con 1%.
ap so : a) 0.9544 .
b)
2
0.03 .
Bai 28. Trong Iuong X cua mof IoaI fraI cay o nong fruong duoc bIof co ky vong 250gr va
phuong saI 81( )
2
gr . TraI cay duoc dong fhanh sof, moI sof 100 fraI. MoI sof duoc goI Ia IoaI A
nou frong Iuong khong duoI 25kg. KIom fra ngau nhIon 100 sof. Tnh xac suaf :

52
a) co nhIou nhaf 30 sof IoaI A,
b) f nhaf 10 sof IoaI A.
ap so : a) 0.8413.
b) 0.9987 .
Bai 29. Mof fram cho fhuo xo TaxI co 3 chIoc xo. Hang ngay fram phaI nop fhuo 8!S cho 1
chIoc xo |baf ko xo do co duoc fhuo hay khong). MoI chIoc duoc cho fhuo voI gIa 20!S. CIa su
so xo duoc you cau cho fhuo cua fram frong 1 ngay Ia daI Iuong ngau nhIon co phan phoI PoIsson
voI = 2, 8.
a) Tnh so fIon frung bnh fram fhu duoc frong mof ngay.
b) CIaI baI foan fron frong fruong hop fram co 4 chIoc xo.
c) Thoo ban, fram non co 3 hay 4 chIoc xo 7

53
Chng 4
MA THONG KK & OC LONG THAM SO
A. BA TAP MA
Bu 1. o Iuong choIosforoI |don vj mg%) cho mof so nguoI, fa duoc
X|mg%) 150-160 160-170 170-180 180-190 190-200 200-210
So nguoI 2 4 5 6 4 3
a) Tnh frung bnh mau X va do Ioch chuan
X
S .
b) Mof mau fhu nh Y co 30 nguoI cho Y 180 = mg%,
Y
S 16 = mg%.
Nhap haI mau IaI, fnh frung bnh va do Ioch chuan cua mau nhap.
Giai
a) Tnh frung bnh mau
X
va do Ioch chuan
X
S .
X|mg%) 155 165 175 185 195 205
So nguoI 2 4 5 6 4 3


X
X 181.25 = = ,
X
S 14.98 = , n 24 = .
b) Mof mau fhu nh Y co 30 nguoI cho
Y
180mg% = ,
Y
S 16mg% = . Nhap haI mau IaI va
goI Z Ia mau nhap. Ta co co mau nhap Ia N 24 30 54 = + = nguoI va frung bnh cua mau nhap Ia

X Y
Z
24 30 24 181.25 30 180
180.55
54 54
+ +
= = = .
o fnh do Ioch chuan mau nhap, fa dung cong fhuc

( )
2 2 2
Z
1
S Z NZ
N 1
=

,
frong do
Z
Z 180.55 = = va
2 2 2
Z X Y = +

.
Maf khac, fu mau cua X, fa co

2
X 793598, 71 =

.
VoI mau Y, do

( )
2 2 2
Y Y
Y
1
S Y n Y
n 1
=

,
fa suy ra
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2
Y Y Y
Y n 1 S n Y 29 16 30 180 979424 = + = + =

.
o do
( ) ( )
( )
2
2
Z
1
S 793598, 71 979424 54 180.55 239.89
53
= + = ,
non
Z
S 15, 48 mg% = .

54
Bu 2. Co 3 mau quan saf suc nang con nguoI, kof qua ghI nhan
Ian quan saf Trung bnh o Ioch
Mau 1 70 55kg 8.30kg
Mau 2 75 57kg 8.60kg
Mau 3 90 54kg 8.50kg
Nhap chung 3 mau IaI, fnh frung bnh va do Ioch mau nhap.
ua vao mau nhap do uoc Iuong frung bnh cua fong fho o do fIn cay 95% va 99%.
Giai
CoI
1
X ,
2
X va
3
X Ian Iuof Ia bIon so ngau nhIon cho boI cac mau 1, 2 va 3. Ta co
Mau 1 co co mau
1
n 70 = , frung bnh
1
X 55 = , do Ioch
1
X
S 8.3 = ,
Mau 2 co co mau
2
n 75 = , frung bnh
2
X 57 = , do Ioch
2
X
S 8.6 = ,
Mau 3 co co mau
3
n 90 = , frung bnh
3
X 54 = , do Ioch
3
X
S 8.5 = .
Tu do, voI X chI mau nhap, fa co co mau
1 2 3
n n n n 235 = + + = , frung bnh

( )
( )
1 2 3
1 1 2 2 3 3
1 1
X X X X X
n n
1
n X n X n X
n
70 55 75 57 90 54
55.25.
235
= = + +
= + +
+ +
= =


o fnh do Ioch cho X, fa dung cong fhuc

( )
2 2 2
X
1
S X nX
n 1
=

,
frong do

2 2 2 2
1 2 3
X X X X = + +

.
Ma
( )
I
2 2 2
I I X I I
X n 1 S n X = +

,
voI I 1, 2, 3 = , non fa co

2 2 2
1
X 69 |8.3) 70 55 216503.41 = + =

,

2 2 2
2
X 74 |8.6) 75 57 249148.04 = + =

,

2 2 2
3
X 89 |8.5) 90 54 268870.25 = + =

.
Tu do suy ra

( ) ( )
2
2
X
216503.41 249148.04 268870.25 235 55.25
S
234
73.37.
+ +
=
=

o Ioch :
X
S 8.56 kg = .
55
CoI Ia frung bnh fong fho can uoc Iuong. Ta co

( )
X
X n
T Sf|n 1)
S

= ,
nghIa Ia

( )
( )
55.25 235
T Sf|234) N 0;1
8.56

= .
VoI do fIn cay 0.95 = , fa duoc C 1.96 = , va
8.56
55.25 1.96
235
= . Non fa co khoang uoc
Iuong cho Ia [ ] 54.364; 56.136
VoI do fIn cay 0.99 = , fa fm duoc C 2.58 = , va
8.56
55.25 2.58
235
= , non fa fm duoc
khoang uoc Iuong cho Ia [ ] 53.81; 56.69 .
Bu 3. o duong knh cua mof chI fIof may do mof may fIon fu dong san xuaf, fa ghI nhan duoc
so IIou nhu sau:
X 12.00 12.05 12.10 12.15 12.20 12.25 12.30 12.35 12.40
N 2 3 7 9 10 8 6 5 3
voI N chI so fruong hop fnh fhoo fung gIa frj cua X |mm).
a) Tnh frung bnh mau X va do Ioch chuan
X
S cua mau.
b) !oc Iuong duong knh frung bnh o do fIn cay 0.95.
c) Nou muon saI so uoc Iuong khong qua 0.02mm = o do fIn cay 0.95 fh phaI quan saf f nhaf
may fruong hop.
Giai
a) Ta duoc co mau n 53 = , frung bnh X 12.21 = , do Ioch
X
S 0.103 = .
b) Ta dung fhong ko

( )
( )
X
X n
T Sf n 1
S

= .
VoI so IIou mau, fa co

( )
( ) ( )
12.21 53
T Sf 52 N 0;1
0.103

= .
O do fIn cay 0.95 = , fa fm duoc C 1.96 = . o do uoc Iuong duong knh frung bnh cho
boI

X
S 0.103
X C 12.21 1.96
n 53
= = ,
va fa nhan duoc khoang uoc Iuong [ ] 12.18;12.24 .
c) o saI so cua uoc Iuong Ia
X
S
n
C non nou muon saI so uoc Iuong khong qua 0.02mm = ,
fa phaI co
56

X
S
C
n
.
VoI do fIn cay 0.95, fh C 1.96 = va fa nhan duoc baf phuong frnh

2 2
X
S 0.103
n C 1.96 101.89
0.02

= =

.
Vay phaI quan saf f nhaf 102 fruong hop.
Bu 4. om can mof so fraI cay vua fhu hoach, fa duoc kof qua sau
X |gam) 200-210 210-220 220-230 230-240 240-250
So fraI 12 17 20 18 15
a) Tm khoang uoc Iuong cua frong Iuong frung bnh cua fraI cay voI do fIn cay 0.95 va 0.99
b) Nou muon saI so uoc Iuong khong qua 2gam = o do fIn cay 99% fh phaI quan saf f nhaf
bao nhIou fraI 7
c) TraI cay co khoI Iuong X 230gam duoc xop vao IoaI A. Hay fm khoang uoc Iuong cho fy Io
p cua fraI cay IoaI A o do fIn cay 0.95 va 0.99. Nou muon saI so uoc Iuong khong qua 0.04 o do
fIn cay 0.99 fh phaI quan saf f nhaf may fruong hop 7
Giai
a) Tu so IIou cua mau, fa co
n 82 = , X 225.854 = ,
X
S 13.259 = .
o fm khoang uoc Iuong cua frung bnh fong fho khI chua bIof phuong saI fong fho, fa
dung fhong ko

( )
( )
X
X n
T Sf n 1
S

= .
Nhan duoc fu bo so IIou cua mau, fa co

( )
( ) ( )
225.854 82
T Sf 81 N 0;1
13.259

= .
VoI do fIn cay 0.95 = , fa nhan duoc C 1.96 = . Non uoc Iuong cua frong Iuong frung bnh
cho boI

X
S 13.259
X C 225.854 1.96
n 82
= = .
Ta co khoang uoc Iuong Ia [ ] 222.98; 228.72 .
Tuong fu, voI do fIn cay 0.99 = , fa fm duoc C 2.58 = . Tu do fa suy ra khoang uoc Iuong
Ia [ ] 222.08; 229.63 .
b) o saI so cua uoc Iuong Ia
X
S
C
n
non nou muon saI so uoc Iuong khong qua 2 = gam, fa
phaI co

X
S
C
n
.
O do fIn cay 99% fh C 2.58 = , fa co baf phuong frnh
57

2 2
X
S 13.259
n C 2.58 292.551
2

= =

.
Nhu vay, can phaI quan saf f nhaf 293 fraI.
c) Tu bo so IIou, fa co fan so fraI cay IoaI A Ia

18 15
f 0.4024
82
+
= = .
o uoc Iuong fy Io p fraI cay IoaI A cua fong fho, fa dung fhong ko

( ) f p n
T Sf|n 1)
f |1 f )

,
nghIa Ia

( ) 0.4024 p 82
T Sf|81) N|0;1)
0.4024 0.5976

.
VoI do fIn cay 0.95 = , fa fm duoc C 1.96 = va do do

0.4024 0.5976
p 0.4024 1.96
82

= .
Ta duoc khoang uoc Iuong cho fy Io p cua fraI cay IoaI A
[ ] 0.296; 0.509 .
Ta co saI so cua uoc Iuong Ia

f |1 f )
C
n

= .
VoI do fIn cay 0.99 = , fa duoc C 2.58 = non voI du IIou cho, do saI so uoc Iuong khong
qua 0.04 = o do fIn cay 0.99, fa nhan duoc baf phuong frnh

0.4024 0.5976
2.58 0.04
n

.
Tu do suy ra n 1000.43 , nghIa Ia phaI quan saf f nhaf 1001 fruong hop.
Bu 5. NguoI fa do Ion Na
+
fron mof so nguoI va ghI nhan IaI duoc kof qua nhu sau
129, 132, 140, 141, 138, 143, 133, 137, 140, 143, 138, 140
a) Tnh frung bnh mau X va phuong saI mau
2
X
S .
b) !oc Iuong frung bnh va phuong saI
2
cua fong fho o do fIn cay 0.95.
c) Nou muon saI so uoc Iuong frung bnh khong qua 1 = voI do fIn cay 0.95 fh phaI quan saf
mau gom f nhaf may nguoI 7
Giai
a) Tu cac so IIou nhan duoc cua mau, fa co
n 12 = , X 137.83 = ,
2
X
S 19.42 = , va
X
S 4.41 = .
b) o uoc Iuong frung bnh , fa dung fhong ko

( )
( )
X
X n
T Sf n 1
S

= ,
58
nghIa Ia

( )
( )
137.83 12
T Sf 11
4.41

= .
VoI do fIn cay 0.95 = , fa co
11
0.05
C f 2.201 = = . Ta do dang fm duoc khoang uoc Iuong cho
frung bnh Ia [ ] 135.01;140.63 .
o uoc Iuong phuong saI fong fho khI chua bIof frung bnh cua fong fho, fa dung fhong ko

2
2 X
2
|n 1)S
Y |n 1)

,
nghIa Ia

( )
( )
2
2
11 19.42
Y 11

.
VoI do fIn cay 0.95 = , fa fm duoc a va b sao cho
( ) ( )
1
P Y a P Y b
2

= = .
Tu bang phan phoI xac suaf cua phan phoI ChI-nh phuong, fa fm duoc

1
2
2
a 3.816
+
= , va
1
2
2
b 21.92

= .
o do

2
X
2
|n 1)S
3.816 21.92

,
va fa nhan duoc baf dang fhuc

( ) ( )
2
11 19.42 11 19.42
21.92 3.816


Tu do suy ra uoc Iuong cho phuong saI fong fho Ia [ ] 9.76; 56.1 .
c) SaI so cua uoc Iuong frung bnh cho boI
X
S
C
n
, non do saI so nay khong qua 1 = , fa gIaI
baf phuong frnh

X
S
C 1
n
= .
Suy ra

2 2
X
S 4.41
n C 2.201 94.2
1

= =

.
Vay phaI quan saf f nhaf 95 nguoI.
Bu 6. Quan saf fuoI fho X |gIo) cua mof so bong don do x nghIop A san xuaf, fa ghI nhan
X 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800
N 10 14 16 17 18 16 16 12 9
voI N chI so fruong hop fhoo fung gIa frj cua X.
a) Tnh frung bnh mau X va do Ioch chuan mau
X
S .
59
b) !oc Iuong fuoI fho frung bnh cua bong don o do fIn cay 0.95.
c) Nou muon saI so uoc Iuong khong qua 30 = gIo voI do fIn cay 0.99 fh phaI quan saf mau
gom f nhaf may bong don 7
Giai
a) Tu bang so IIou cua mau, fa co
n 128 = , X 1391.41 = va
X
S 234.45 = .
b) o uoc Iuong frung bnh fuoI fho cua bong don, fa dung fhong ko

( )
( )
X
X n
T Sf n 1
S

= .
ua fhoo bo so IIou cua fhong ko, fa nhan duoc

( )
( ) ( )
1391.41 128
T Sf 127 N 0;1
234.45

= .
VoI do fIn cay 0.95 = , fa fm duoc C 1.96 = va do do uoc Iuong cua frung bnh cho boI

X
S 234.45
X C 1391.41 1.96
n 128
= = .
Ta duoc khoang uoc Iuong cho fuoI fho frung bnh cua bong don Ia [ ] 1350.79;1432.03 .
c) SaI so cua uoc Iuong cho boI
X
S
C
n
, non do saI so khong qua 30 gIo, fa co

X
S 234.45
C 1.96 30
n n
= ,
CIaI baf phuong frnh fron, fa fm duoc n 234.63 = . Vay, phaI quan saf f nhaf 235 bong
don.
Bu ?. Ta muon uoc Iuong fy Io vIon fhuoc bj suc mo p frong mof Io fhuoc Ion.
a) Nou muon saI so uoc Iuong khong qua 0.01 voI do fIn cay 0.95 fh phaI quan saf f nhaf may
vIon 7
b) Quan saf ngau nhIon 200 vIon, fhay co 18 vIon bj suf mo. Hay uoc Iuong p o do fIn cay 0.95.
KhI do, nou muon saI so uoc Iuong khong qua 0.01 voI do fIn cay 0.95 fh phaI quan saf f nhaf
may vIon 7
Giai
a) o uoc Iuong fy Io fhuoc, p, bj suf mo frong fong fho, fa dung fhong ko

( ) f p n
T Sf|n 1)
f |1 f )

,
nghIa Ia

( ) f 1 f
n
p f C

= .
Hon nua, fu nhan xof rang ham so ( ) y x 1 x = daf gIa frj Ion nhaf Ia
1
4
faI dIom
1
2
x = , fa
co fho vIof
60

( )
2
2
2 2 1
C f 1 f
4
2 2
C C
4

=

.
o do, fa co fho chon co mau

2
2
C
n
4

.
VoI do fIn cay 0.95 = , fa fm duoc C 1.96 = va do do

2
2
2
C 1.96
n 9604
4 2 0.01

= =



.
Vay phaI quan saf f nhaf 9604 vIon fhuoc.
b) Thoo gIa fhuyof, fa co fan so cua fhuoc bj suf mo Ia
18
f 0.09
200
= = . VoI do fIn cay
0.95 = , fa co

f |1 f ) 0.09 0.91)
p f C 0.09 1.96
n 200

= = .
Va fa co khoang uoc Iuong p voI do fIn cay 0.95 Ia [ ] 0.051; 0.13
Nou muon saI so uoc Iuong khong qua 0.01, fa co baf phuong frnh
f |1 f )
C
n

. Suy ra
( )
( )
2
2
0.09|1 0.09)
n 1.96 3146.27
0.01

= .
Vay phaI quan saf f nhaf 3147 vIon fhuoc.
Bu 8. Quan saf chIou cao X |cm) cua mof so nguoI, fa ghI nhan
X|cm) 140-145 145-150 150-155 155-160 160-165 165-170
So nguoI 1 3 7 9 5 2
a) Tnh X va
2
X
S .
b) !oc Iuong va
2
o do fIn cay 0.95.
Giai
a) Ta co bang fan so xuaf hIon so IIou nhu sau
X|cm) 142.5 147.5 152.5 157.5 162.5 167.5
So nguoI 1 3 7 9 5 2
o do, fa nhan duoc
n 27 = , X 156.2 = ,
2
X
S 37.68 = , va
X
S 6.14 = .
b) o uoc Iuong frung bnh , fa dung fhong ko

( )
( )
X
X n
T Sf n 1
S

= ,
nghIa Ia
61

( )
( )
156.2 27
T Sf 26
6.14

= .
VoI do fIn cay 0.95 = , fa co
26
0.05
C f 2.056 = = . Va do do uoc Iuong cua frung bnh cho boI

X
S 6.14
X C 156.2 2.056
n 27
= = .
Ta fm duoc khoang uoc Iuong cho frung bnh Ia [ ] 153.77;158.63 .
o uoc Iuong phuong saI fong fho khI chua bIof frung bnh cua fong fho, fa dung fhong ko

2
2 X
2
|n 1)S
Y |n 1)

,
nghIa Ia
( )
2
2
26 |37.68)
Y 26

.
VoI do fIn cay 0.95 = , fa fm duoc a va b sao cho
( ) ( )
1
P Y a P Y b
2

= = .
Tu bang phan phoI xac suaf cua phan phoI ChI-nh phuong, fa fm duoc

1
2
2
a 13.844
+
= , va
1
2
2
b 41.923

= .
o do

2
X
2
|n 1)S
3.816 21.925

,
va fa nhan duoc baf dang fhuc

2
26 |37.68) 26 |37.68)
41.923 13.844

.
Tu do suy ra uoc Iuong cho phuong saI fong fho Ia [ ] 23.38; 70.80 .
Bu 9. Mof IoaI fhuoc moI dom dIou frj cho 50 nguoI bj bonh , kof qua co 40 nguoI khoI bonh.
a) !oc Iuong fy Io khoI bonh p nou dung fhuoc do dIou frj voI do fIn cay 0.95 va 0.99.
b) Nou muon saI so uoc Iuong khong qua 0.02 o do fIn cay 0.95 fh phaI quan saf f nhaf may
fruong hop 7
Giai
a) Thoo gIa fhuyof, fa co fan so khoI bonh Ia
40
f 0.8
50
= = .
o uoc Iuong fy Io khoI bonh p cua fong fho, fa dung fhong ko

( ) f p n
T Sf|n 1)
f |1 f )

,
nghIa Ia

( ) 0.8 p 50
T Sf|49) N|0;1)
0.8 0.2

.
62
VoI do fIn cay 0.95 = , fa fm duoc C 1.96 = va do do

0.8 0.2
p 0.8 1.96
50

= .
Ta duoc khoang uoc Iuong cho fy Io khoI bonh p Ia [ ] 0.69; 0.91 .
VoI do fIn cay 0.99 = , fa fm duoc C 2.58 = . Tuong fu, fa co khoang uoc Iuong cho fy Io
khoI bonh voI do fIn cay 99% Ia [ ] 0.65; 0.946 .
b) Ta co saI so cua uoc Iuong Ia

f |1 f )
C
n

= .
VoI do fIn cay 0.95 = , fa duoc C 1.96 = non voI du IIou cho, do saI so uoc Iuong khong qua
0.02 = , fa nhan duoc baf phuong frnh

0.8 0.2
1.96 0.02
n

.
Tu do suy ra n 1536.64 , nghIa Ia phaI quan saf f nhaf 1537 fruong hop.
Bu 10. Mof IoaI bonh co fy Io fu vong Ia 0.01. Muon chung fo mof IoaI fhuoc co hIou nghIom
|nghIa Ia ha fhap duoc fy Io fu vong nho hon 0.005) o do fIn cay 0.95 fh phaI fhu fhuoc do fron
f nhaf bao nhIou nguoI7
Giai
Thoo gIa fhuyof, fan so fu vong Ia f 0.01 = .
o uoc Iuong fy Io khoI bonh p cua fong fho, fa dung fhong ko

( ) f p n
T Sf|n 1)
f |1 f )

,
nghIa Ia

( ) 0.01 p n
T Sf|n 1)
0.01 0.99

.
Va fa co saI so cua uoc Iuong nay Ia
f |1 f )
C
n

= .
VoI 0.005 = , do fIn cay 0.95 = , fa duoc C 1.96 = . o ha fhap do fu vong nho hon 0.005,
fa gIaI baf phuong frnh
f |1 f )
C
n

. Suy ra
( )
( )
2
2
0.01|1 0.01)
n 1.96 1521.27
0.005

= .
Vay phaI fhu fhuoc f nhaf 1522 nguoI.




63
B. BA TAP
Bu 1. o Iuong huyof fuong cua 8 nguoI manh khoo, fa co
2,86 3,37 2,75 2,62 3,50 3,25 3,12 3,15
Hay xac djnh cac dac frung mau.
ap so : = n 8 , = X 3.0775 va =
2
X
S 0.096.
Bu 2. Quan saf fhoI gIan can fhIof do san xuaf mof chI fIof may, fa fhu duoc so IIou cho bang
sau :
Khoang fhoI gIan |phuf) So Ian quan saf
20-25
25-30
30-35
35-40
40-45
45-50
50-55
2
14
26
32
14
8
4
Tnh frung bnh mau X, phuong saI mau co hIou chInh
2
X
S .
ap so : = n 100, = X 36.6 va =
2
X
S 45.14.
Bu 3. o do daI cua mof IoaI fruc xo, fa co kof qua
Nhom
18,4-18,6 18,6-18,8 18,8 -19 19 -19,2 19.2-19.4 19,4-19,6 19,6-19,8
I
n
1 4 20 41 19 8 4
Hay uoc Iuong do daI frung bnh va phuong saI.
ap so : = n 97 , = X 19.133 va =
2
X
S 0.054.
Bu 4. o suc bon chju Iuc cua mof IoaI ong fh nghIom, nguoI fa fhu duoc bo so IIou sau
4500 6500 5200 4800 4900 5125 6200 5375
Tu kInh nghIom ngho nghIop, nguoI fa cung bIof rang suc bon do co phan phoI chuan voI
do Ioch chuan 300 = . Hay xay dung khoang fIn cay 90% cho suc bon frung bnh cua IoaI ong
fron.
ap so : [ ] 5151; 5499 .
Bu 5. Truoc bau cu, nguoI fa phong van ngau nhIon 2000 cu frI fh fhay co 1380 nguoI ung ho
mof ung cu vIon K. VoI do fIn cay 95%, hoI ung cu vIon do fhu duoc foI fhIou bao nhIou phan
fram phIou bau 7
ap so : 66.97%.
Bu 6. CIa su quan saf 100 nguoI fhay co 20 nguoI bj bonh sof xuaf huyof. Hay uoc Iuong fy Io
bonh sof xuaf huyof o do fIn cay 97% = . Nou muon saI so uoc Iuong khong qua 3% o do fIn cay
95% fh phaI quan saf f nhaf bao nhIou nguoI 7
ap so : 683.
Bu ?. o uoc Iuong xac suaf mac bonh gan voI do fIn cay 90% va saI so khong vuof qua 2% fh
can phaI kham f nhaf bao nhIou nguoI, bIof rang fy Io mac bonh gan fhuc nghIom da cho bang
0,9.
ap so : 606.
64
Bu 8. Muon bIof frong ao co bao nhIou ca, nguoI fa baf Ion 2000 con, danh dau xong IaI fha
xuong ho. Sau mof fhoI gIan, nguoI fa baf Ion 500 con va fhay co 20 con ca co danh dau cua Ian
baf fruoc. ua vao kof qua do, Hay uoc Iuong so ca co frong ho voI do fIn cay 95%.
ap so : So ca trong ho trong khoang [ ] 34965; 87719 .
Bu 9. o co fho du doan duoc so Iuong chIm fhuong nghI faI vuon nha mnh, nguoI chu baf 89
con, dom doo khoon cho chung roI fha dI. Sau mof fhoI gIan, ong baf ngau nhIon duoc 120 con va
fhay co 7 con co doo khoon. Hay du doan so chIm gIup ong chu vuon o do fIn cay 99%.
ap so : So chim trong khoang [ ] 784; 28400 .
Bu 10. Tron fap mau gom 100 so IIou, nguoI fa fnh duoc
n 1
X 0,1; 0, 014

= = . Xac djnh
khoang fIn cay 95% cho gIa frj frung bnh fhaf.
ap so : [ ] 0.0973; 0.103 .
Bu 11. San Iuong moI ngay cua mof phan xuong Ia bIon ngau nhIon fuan fhoo Iuaf chuan. Kof
qua fhong ko cua 9 ngay cho fa :
27 26 21 28 25 30 26 23 26
Hay xac djnh cac khoang fIn cay 95% cho san Iuong frung bnh va cho phuong saI fuong
ung.
ap so : [ ] 23.755; 27.81 , [ ]
2
3.17; 25.48 .
Bu 12. Can fhu 100 qua cam, fa co bo so IIou sau :
KhoI Iuong |g) 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
So qua 2 3 15 26 28 6 8 8 4
a) Hay uoc Iuong khoI Iuong frung bnh cac qua cam o do fIn cay 95%.
b) Cam co khoI Iuong duoI 34g duoc coI Ia cam IoaI 2. Tm uoc Iuong khong choch cho fy Io
IoaI 2 voI khoang fIn cay 90%.
ap so : a) [ ] 35.539; 36.241 .
b) [ ] p 0.0143; 0.0857 .
Bu 13. ChIou daI cua mof IoaI san pham duoc xuaf khau hang Ioaf Ia bIon ngau nhIon phan
phoI chuan voI
2 2 2
100mm va 4 mm = = . KIom fra ngau nhIon 25 san pham. Kha nang chIou
daI frung bnh cua so san pham kIom fra nam frong khoang fu 98mm don 101mm Ia bao nhIou.
ap so : 88.82%.
Bu 14. Chon ngau nhIon 36 cong nhan cua x nghIop fh fhay Iuong frung bnh Ia 380 ngan
d/fhang. CIa su Iuong cong nhan fuan fhoo phan phoI chuan voI 14 = ngan dong. VoI do fIn
cay 95% = , hay uoc Iuong muc Iuong frung bnh cua cong nhan frong foan x nghIop.
ap so : [ ] 375.427; 384.573 .
Bu 15. Iom frung bnh mon foan cua 100 fh sInh du fhI vao KKT Ia 5 voI do Ioch chuan Ia
2.5.
a) !oc Iuong dIom frung bnh mon foan cua foan fho fh sInh voI do fIn cay Ia 95%.
b) VoI saI so uoc Iuong dIom frung bnh o cau a) Ia 0.25 dIom, hay xac djnh do fIn cay.
ap so : a) [ ] 4.51; 5.49 .
b) 68.26%.
Bu 16. TuoI fho cua mof IoaI bong don duoc bIof fhoo quy Iuaf chuan voI do Ioch chuan 100 gIo.
65
a) Chon ngau nhIon 100 bong don do fhu nghIom, fhay moI bong fuoI fho frung bnh Ia
1000 gIo. Hay uoc Iuong fuoI fho frung bnh cua bong don x nghIop A san xuaf voI do fIn cay Ia
95%.
b) VoI do chnh xac cua uoc Iuong fuoI fho frung bnh Ia 15 gIo, hay xac djnh do fIn cay.
c) o do chnh xac cua uoc Iuong fuoI fho frung bnh khong qua 25 gIo voI do fIn cay Ia
95% fh can phaI fhu nghIom f nhaf bao nhIou bong.
ap so : a) [ ] 980.4;1019.6 .
b) 86.64%.
c) 62 .
Bu 1?. KhoI Iuong cac bao bof m faI mof cua hang Iuong fhuc fuan fhoo phan phoI chuan.
KIom fra 20 bao, fhay khoI Iuong frung bnh cua moI bao bof m Ia 48kg, va phuong saI mau co
hIou chInh Ia ( )
2
2
X
S 0.5kg = .
a) VoI do fIn cay 95% hay uoc Iuong khoI Iuong frung bnh cua mof bao bof m fhuoc cua
hang.
b) VoI do chnh xac cua uoc Iuong o cau a) Ia 0.26kg, hay xac djnh do fIn cay.
c) o do chnh xac cua uoc Iuong o cau a) khong qua 160g voI do fIn cay Ia 95%, can phaI
kIom fra f nhaf bao nhIou bao7
ap so : a) [ ] 47.766; 48.234 .
b) 97%.
c) 43 .
Bu 18. o uoc Iuong fy Io san pham xau cua mof kho do hop, nguoI fa kIom fra ngau nhIon 100
hop fhay co 11 hop xau.
a) !oc Iuong fy Io san pham xau cua kho do hop voI do fIn cay 94%.
b) VoI saI so cho phop cua saI so uoc Iuong 3% = , hay xac djnh do fIn cay.
ap so : a) [ ] p 0.051; 0.169 .
b) 66.3%.
Bu 19. Io fraI cay cua mof chu cua hang duoc dong fhanh sof moI sof 100 fraI. KIom fra 50 sof
fhay co 450 fraI khong daf fIou chuan.
a) !oc Iuong fy Io fraI cay khong daf fIou chuan cua Io hang voI do fIn cay 95%.
b) Muon uoc Iuong fy Io fraI cay khong daf fIou chuan voI do chnh xac 0.5%, do fIn cay daf
duoc Ia bao nhIou.
c) Muon uoc Iuong fy Io fraI cay khong daf fIou chuan voI do fIn cay 99,7% fh do chnh xac
daf duoc Ia bao nhIou7
d) Muon uoc Iuong fy Io fraI cay khong daf fIou chuan voI do fIn cay 99% va do chnh xac
khong qua 1% fh can phaI kIom fra f nhaf bao nhIou sof.
ap so : a) [ ] p 0.082; 0.098 .
b) 78.5%, c) 1.24%.
d) 55 .
Bu 20. Iou fra nang suaf Iua fron dIon fch 100 hoc fa frong Iua cua mof vung, fa fhu duoc
bang so IIou sau :
Nang suaf |fa/ha) 41 44 45 46 48 52 54
So ha co nang suaf fuong ung 10 20 30 15 10 10 5
66

a) Hay uoc Iuong nang suaf Iua frung bnh cua vung do voI do fIn cay 95%7
b) Nhung fhua ruong co nang suaf fu 48fa/ha fro Ion duoc xom Ia nhung fhua co nang suaf
cao. Hay uoc Iuong fI Io dIon fch co nang suaf cao frong vung voI do fIn cay 97%.
ap so : a) [ ] 45.353; 46.647 .
b) [ ] p 0.156; 0.344 .
Bu 21. o duong knh cua 100 chI fIof do mof may san suaf kof qua cho o bang sau :
uong knh|mm) So chI fIof
19,80 19,85
19,85 19,90
19,90 19,95
19,95 20,00
20,00 20,05
20,05 20,10
20,10 20,15
20,15 20,20
3
5
16
28
23
14
7
4
Quy djnh nhung chI fIof co duong knh 19,9mm don 20,1mm Ia nhung chI fIof daf fIou
chuan.
a) !oc Iuong fy Io chI fIof daf fIou chuan voI do fIn cay 95%.
b) !oc Iuong duong knh frung bnh cua nhung chI fIof daf fIou chuan voI do fIn cay 95%.
ap so : a) [ ] p 0.733; 0.887 .
b) [ ] 19.986; 20.008 .
Bu 22. Kch fhuoc cua mof chI fIof may Ia mof daI Iuong ngau nhIon co phan phoI chuan. Trong
mof mau gom 30 chI fIof may duoc kIom fra, fa fnh duoc X 0.47cm = va
X
S 0.032 = cm. Tm
khoang fIn cay cho phuong saI va frung bnh cua kch fhuoc cua foan bo cac chI fIof may voI do
fIn cay 95%.
ap so : [ ] 0.482; 0.458 , [ ]
2
0.00065; 0.00185 .
Bu 23. Iay 28 mau xI mang cua mof nha may san suaf xI mang do kIom fra. Kof qua kIom fra
vo suc chju Iuc R |kg/cm
2
) nhu sau:
10.0 13.0 13.7 11.5 11.0 13.5 12.2
13.0 10.0 11.0 13.5 11.5 13.0 12.2
13.5 10.0 10.0 11.5 13.0 13.7 14.0
13.0 13.7 13.0 11.5 10.0 11.0 13.0
VoI do fIn cay 95% hay uoc Iuong:
a) Suc chju Iuc frung bnh cua xI mang do nha may san suaf,
b) Phuong saI cua suc chju Iuc.
ap so : a) [ ] 11.62;12.67 .
b) [ ]
2
1.156; 3.427 .
67
Chng 5
KIEM NH GIA THUYET
A. BAI TAP MAU
Bai 1. Co mof Io hang ma nguoI gIao hang cho bIof fy Io hong 0.10; fhu pham 0.30; daf 0.40; fof
0.20. Ta kIom fra mof so fruong hop fhay co 25 san pham hong; 50 fhu pham; 50 san pham daf;
25 san pham fof. HoI rang IoI nguoI gIao hang noI co dung khong 7 | kof Iuan voI 5% = )
Giai
Ta co baI foan kIom djnh
NguoI gIao hang noI dung
a)
H :
H :

NguoI gIao hang noI khong dung
Ta co bang phan phoI fan so quan saf
Hong Thu pham daf fof
25 50 50 25
Nou H dung, fh fron fong so 150 san pham kIom fra, fa duoc bang fan so Iy fhuyof
Hong Thu pham daf fof
0.1 150 15 = 0.3 150 45 = 0.4 150 60 = 0.2 150 30 =
va khI do

( )
2
4
I I 2
I
I 1
N N
Q |3)
N
=

=

|1)
voI
I
N Ia so IIou quan saf va
I
N Ia so IIou Iy fhuyof.
b) VoI nguy co saI Iam
2
0.05
0.05, fa duoc C |3) 7.815 = = =
c) Tho cac so IIou quan saf va Iy fhuyof vao bIou fhuc |1), fa nhan duoc Q 9.7222 = .
d) Ta co Q 9.7222 C 7.815 = > = . o do, fa fu choI H, nghIa Ia nguoI gIao hang noI khong
dung.

Bai 2. o choIosforoI | don vj mg%) cho mof nhom nguoI, fa ghI nhan IaI duoc

ChoI.
150 160 160 - 170 170 - 180 180 - 190 190 - 200 200 - 210
So nguoI
3 9 11 3 2 1
a) Tnh frung bnh X va phuong saI
2
X
S
b) Tm khoang uoc Iuong cho frung bnh choIosforoI frong dan so
X
, o do fIn cay 0.95 =
c) Co faI IIou cho bIof Iuong choIosforoI frung bnh Ia
0
175 = mg%. CIa frj nay co phu hop voI
mau quan saf khong 7 | kof Iuan voI 0.05 = ).
Gii
a) o fnh frung bnh X va phuong saI
2
X
S , fa Iap bang


68
Iop Tan so
I
X
I
X 175
I 5
Y

=
I I
n Y
2
I I
n Y
150-160 3 155 -4 -12 48
160-170 9 165 -2 -18 36
170-180 11 175 0 0 0
180-190 3 185 2 6 12
190-200 2 195 4 8 32
200-210 1 205 6 6 36
Tong cong 29 -10 164
Tu do, suy ra
k
I I
I 1
1 10
Y n Y 0.3448
n 29
=
= = =

.
o
X 175
5
Y

= , fa suy ra X 175 5Y 173.276 = + = .
NgoaI ra
( )
2
k
2 2 2
Y I I
I 1
164 29 0.3448 1
S n Y nY 5.734
n 1 28
=


= = =

,
do
( )
2
2 2
1
Y X 5
S S = , fa co

2 2 2
X Y
S 25 39.7971kg = = ,
do do
X
S 6.31kg = . Ta co frung bnh mau

6
I I
I 1
1
X n x 173.28
29
=
= =

,
va phuong saI mau Ia

6
2 2 2
X I I
I 1
1
S n x 29X 143.35
28
=

= =

.
b) o uoc Iuong frung bnh fong fho khI chua bIof phuong saI fong fho, fa dung fhong ko

( )
( )
X
X n
T Sf n 1
S

= .
VoI do fIn cay 0.95 = , fu bang phan phoI Sfudonf, fa fm duoc
28
0.05
C f 2.048 = = sao cho
( ) P 2.048 T 2.048 0.95 = ,
fhay
( )
X
X n
T
S

= , fa duoc

( )
X
X n
P 2.048 T 2.048 0.95
S



= =


.
o do, fa fm duoc khoang uoc Iuong cho frung bnh fong fho
X
Ia
[ ]
X X
S S
X 2.048 ; X 2.048 168.73;177.83
n n

+ =


.
69
c) o so sanh frung bnh fong fho ma fa uoc Iuong voI
0
175 = mg%, fa xof baI foan kIom
djnh
CIa frj mau phu hop faI IIou H :
H :

CIa frj mau khong phu hop faI IIou
Nou H dung, nghIa Ia
0
175 = = , fh

( ) 0
x
X n
T Sf|28)
S

= .
VoI 0.05 = , fa fm duoc
28
0.05
C f 2.048 = = . Tu so IIou cua mau, fa co

( ) 173.28 175 29
T 0.774
11.97

= = .
V T C , non fa chap nhan H, nghIa Ia gIa frj mau phu hop voI faI IIou.
Bai 3. Quan saf suc nang cua bo fraI |X) va bo gaI |Y) Iuc so sInh | don vj gam), fa co kof qua
Trong Iuong
3000-3200 3200-3400 3400-3600 3600-3800 3800-4000
So bo fraI
1 3 8 10 3
So bo gaI
2 10 10 5 1
a) Tnh
2 2
X Y
X, Y, S , S .
b) So sanh cac phuong saI
2 2
X Y
, | kof Iuan voI 5%) = .
c) So sanh cac frung bnh
X Y
, | kof Iuan voI 5%) .
d) Nhap haI mau IaI. Tnh frung bnh va do Ioch chuan cua mau nhap. ung mau nhap do uoc
Iuong suc nang frung bnh cua fro so sInh o do fIn cay 95%.
Giai
VoI so IIou chon Ia dIom gIua va voI
1
n Ia so bo fraI quan saf,
2
n so bo gaI quan saf.
Trong Iuong 3100 3300 3500 3700 3900
1
n
1 3 8 10 3
2
n
2 10 10 5 1
Tong so 3 13 18 15 4
a) Tu so IIou cua mau, fa co
X 3588 = , Y 3450 = ,

5
2
2 2
X 1I I
I 1
1
S n x 24X 40266.67
24
=

= =

,

5
2
2 2
Y 2I I
I 1
1
S n y 24Y 37407.41
27
=

= =

.
b) Ta xof baI foan kIom djnh

2 2
X X
2 2
X Y
H:
H:
=

<

Nou H dung fh
70

( )
( ) ( )
X Y
1 1
n m
f f
T Sf n m 2 Sf 24, 27
pq

= +
+
.
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = fh
0.05
C f 1.89 = = .
VoI so IIou o cau a) , fa co

2
X
2
Y
S 40266.67
I 1.076
S 37407.41
= = = .
V I C , non fa chap nhan H, nghIa Ia
2 2
X Y
= .
c) Ta co baI foan kIom djnh

X Y
X Y
H:
H:
=

Nou H dung fh

X Y
T Sf|n m 2) Sf|25 28 2) Sf|51) N|0;1)
1 1
S
n m

= + = + =
+
,
frong do

( ) ( )
2 2
X Y 2
n 1 S m 1 S
24 40266.67 27 37407.41
S
n m 2 25 28 2
38752.94
+
+
= =
+ +
=

S 196.86 = ;
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = fh
0.475
C Z 1.96 = = .
VoI so IIou o cau a), fa co

X Y 3588 3450
T 2.581
1 1 1 1
S 196.86
n m 25 28

= = =
+ +
.
V T C > , non fa bac bo H, nghIa Ia
X Y
.
d) Nhap haI mau IaI. CoI Z Ia mau nhap. Tu bang so IIou, fa co

( )
1
Z 3100 3 3300 13 3500 18 3700 15 3900 4
53
3515.1,
= + + + +
=


2
XY
S 42844.7 = ,

Z
S 206.98 = .
o fm khoang fIn cay cho frung bnh mau nhap Z, fa dung fhong ko

( )
( )
Z
Z n
3515.1 53
T Sf|52) N|0;1)
S 206.98


= = .
VoI do fIn cay 0.95 = fh C 1.96 = , fa suy ra

Z
206.98
3515.1 1.96
53
= ,
71
nghIa Ia fa duoc khoang uoc Iuong frung bnh cua mau nhap [ ] 3459.38; 3570.82 .
Bai 4. Mof may dong goI cac san pham co khoI Iuong 1kg. NghI ngo may hoaf dong khong bnh
fhuong, nguoI fa chon ra mof mau ngau nhIon gom 100 san pham fh fhay nhu sau :

KhoI Iuong 0.95 0.97 0.99 1.01 1.03 1.05
So goI 9 31 40 15 3 2
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05, hay kof Iuan vo nghI ngo fron.
Giai
Tu so IIou cua mau, fa co
Trung bnh mau : X 0.9856 = ,
Phuong saI mau :
2
X
S 0.000433 = ,
o Ioch chuan mau :
X
S 0.021 = ,
Co mau : n 100 = .
Xof gIa fhuyof H : may hoaf dong bnh fhuong, nghIa Ia fa co baI foan kIom djnh

H: 1
H : 1
=

Nou H dung fh

( ) 0
X
X n
T Sf|99) N|0;1)
S

= .
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = , fa co C 1.96 = . VoI so IIou fron, fa duoc

( ) 0.9856 1 100
T 6.86
0.021

= = .
V T C > , non fa bac bo H, nghIa Ia may hoaf dong khong bnh fhuong
Bai 5. Quan saf so hoa hong ban ra frong mof ngay cua mof cua hang ban hoa sau mof fhoI
gIan, nguoI fa ghI duoc so IIou sau :
So hoa hong | doa ) 12 13 15 16 17 18 19
So ngay 3 2 7 7 3 2 1
a) Tm uoc Iuong dIom cua so hoa hong frung bnh ban duoc frong mof ngay.
b) Sau khI fnh foan, ong chu cua hang noI rang nou frung bnh mof ngay khong ban duoc 15
doa hoa fh chang fha dong cua con hon. ua vao so IIou fron, anh |chj) hay kof Iuan gIup ong
chu cua hang xom co non fIop fuc ban hay khong o muc y nghIa 0.05 = .
c) CIa su nhung ngay ban duoc fu 13 don 17 doa hong Ia nhung ngay bnh fhuong. Hay uoc
Iuong fI Io cua nhung ngay bnh fhuong cua cua hang o do fIn cay 90%. | CIa fhIof rang so hoa
ban ra frong ngay co phan phoI chuan).
Giai
a) Trung bnh
X
X 15.4, S 1.871 = = , n 25 = .
b) Xof gIa fhIof H : non ban fIop, fa co baI foan kIom djnh
72

H : 15
H : 15
=

Nou H dung fh

0
X
|X ) n
T Sf|24)
S

= .
Tu so IIou cua cau a, fa co

0
X
|X ) n |15.4 15). 25
T 1.07
S 1.871

= = = .
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = fh
24
0.05
C f 2.064 = = .
V T C , non fa chap nhan H, nghIa Ia ong chu non fIop fuc ban.
c) Ta co fy Io mau nhung ngay bnh fhuong Ia

2 7 7 3
f 0.76
25
+ + +
= = .
o uoc Iuong fy Io fong fho, fa dung fhong ko

( ) f p n
Z Sf|n 1) Sf|24)
f |1 f )

= =

.
VoI do fIn cay 90%, fa duoc C 1.711 = . Suy ra

f |1 f ) 0.76|1 0.76)
p f C. 0.76 1.711 0.76 0.146
n 25

= = = .
Vay, khoang uoc Iuong Ia [ ] 0.614; 0.906 .
Bai 6. Mof x nghIop duc mof so raf Ion cac san pham bang fhop voI so khuyof faf frung bnh o
moI san pham Ia 3. NguoI fa caI fIon cach san xuaf va kIom fra 36 san pham. Kof qua nhu sau :
So khuyof faf fron san pham 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
So san pham fuong ung 7 4 5 7 6 6 1
CIa su so khuyof faf cua cac san pham co phan phoI chuan.
a) Hay uoc Iuong so khuyof faf frung bnh o moI san pham sau khI caI fIon, voI do fIn cay 90%.
b) Hay cho kof Iuan vo hIou qua cua vIoc caI fIon san xuaf o muc y nghIa 0.05.
Giai
a) Ta co

2
X
X 2.64, S 3.38 = = ,
x
S 1.838 = , n 36 = .
o uoc Iuong so khuyof faf frung bnh, fa dung fhong ko

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
X
X n
T Sf n 1 Sf 35 N 0;1
S

= = .
o fIn cay 0.9 = fh C 1.645 = . o do fa co khoang uoc Iuong

X X
S S
X C. ; X C.
n n

+


[ ] 2.136; 3.144 = .
73
b) Xof gIa fhIof H : caI fIon khong hIou qua, fa co baI foan kIom djnh

0
0
H : 3
H : 3
=

Nou H dung fh
( ) ( )
0
X
|X ) n
T Sf 35 N 0;1
S

= .
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = fh C 1.96 = , va

0
X
|X ) n |2.64 3). 36
T 1.175
S 1.838

= = = .
V T C , chap nhan H, nghIa Ia caI fIon khong hIou qua.
Bai 7. Quan saf ngau nhIon mof so fruong hop frong 3 Io fhuoc |raf nhIou), fa ghI nhan duoc
Tof Tam dung Hong
Io A 125 52 23
Io 117 61 22
Io C 178 97 25
HoI rang chaf Iuong cua 3 Io fhuoc co nhu nhau khong 7 Kof Iuan voI 0.05 = .
Giai
Ta co
Tof Tam dung Hong Tong
Io A 125 52 23 200
Io 117 61 22 200
Io C 178 97 25 300
Tong 420 210 70 700
Xof baI foan kIom djnh
Chaf Iuong 3 Io fhuoc nhu nhau H :
H :

Chaf Iuong 3 Io fhuoc khac nhau
Nou H dung fh

125 117 178
P|fof) 0.6
700
+ +
= = ,

52 61 97
P|fam) 0.3
700
+ +
= = , va

23 22 25
P|hong) 0.1
700
+ +
= = .
KhI do, bang phan phoI fan so Iy fhuyof phaI Ia
Tof Tam dung Hong
Io A 0.6 200 120 = 0.3 200 60 = 0.1 200 20 =
Io 0.6 200 120 = 0.3 200 60 = 0.1 200 20 =
Io C 0.6 300 180 = 0.3 300 90 = 0.1 300 30 =
o khac bIof gIua quan saf va Iy fhuyof Ia
74

( )
/
/
2
2
125 120
|N N ) 64 9
Q
N 120 60 20
9 1 4 4 49 25
3.42.
120 60 20 180 90 30

= = + + +
+ + + + + + =

Nou H dung fh
2 2
Q |3 1)|3 1) |4) = , voI muc y nghIa 0.05 = , fa co
2
0.05
C 9.488 = = .
V Q C , fa chap nhan H, nghIa Ia 3 Io fhuoc nhu nhau.
Chu y : Ta co fho fhanh Iap fruc fIop bang phan phoI fan so Iy fhuyof nhu sau
Tof Tam dung Hong Tong
Io A
420 200
700

210 200
700

70 200
700

200
Io
420 200
700

210 200
700

70 200
700

200
Io C
420 300
700

210 300
700

70 300
700

300
Tong 420 210 70 700
Hon nua, fa co fho dung fruc fIop cong fhuc

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
125 52 25
Q ... 1
420 200 210 70 300

= + + +



700
200
.
Bai 8. Trong mof cong fy, nguoI fa chon ngau nhIon 1000 cong nhan va fhoo doI so ngay nghI
cua ho frong mof nam. Kof qua fhu duoc :
CIoI fnh
So ngay nghI
Nu nam
0 5 300 500
5 20 80 70
> 20 20 30
VoI muc y nghIa 0.01, hay kIom djnh gIa fhIof cho rang su nghI vIoc khong phu fhuoc vao gIoI fnh.
Giai
Ta co baI foan kIom djnh
Su nghI vIoc khong phu fhuoc vao gIoI fnh H :
H :

Su nghI vIoc phu fhuoc vao gIoI fnh

Nou H dung fh

300 80 20
P|nu) 0.4
1000
+ +
= = ,

500 70 30
P|nam) 0.6
1000
+ +
= = .
KhI do, bang phan phoI fan so Iy fhuyof Ia
CIoI
fnh
So ngay nghI
Nu nam
0 5 320 480
5 20 60 150
> 20 20 50
75

o khac bIof gIua quan saf va Iy fhuyof Ia

/
/
2
|N N ) 400 400 400 400
Q 13.194
N 320 480 60 90

= = + + + =

.
Nou H dung fh
2 2
Q |3 1)|2 1) |2) = . VoI muc y nghIa 0.01 = , fa co
2
0.01
C 9.21 = = .
V Q C > , non fa bac bo H, nghIa Ia su nghI vIoc phu fhuoc vao gIoI fnh.
Bai 9. NghIon cuu anh huong cua hoan canh gIa dnh doI voI fnh hnh pham foI cua fro om vj
fhanh nIon, nguoI fa fhu duoc.
Hoan canh gIa
dnh
Tnh frang pham foI
o hoac
mo da chof
o mo Iy
hon
Con ca bo
mo
Khong pham foI 20 25 13
Pham foI 29 43 18
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = , co fho kof Iuan Ia hoan canh gIa dnh cua fro om doc Iap voI
fnh frang pham foI hay khong.
Giai
CoI X : o hoac mo da chof, Y : o mo Iy hon, Z : con ca bo mo.
Ta co baI foan kIom djnh
Hoan canh gIa dnh doc Iap voI fnh frang xa hoI H :
H :

Hoan canh gIa dnh khong doc Iap voI fnh frang
xa hoI
Nou H dung fh

20 29
P|X) 0.331
148
+
= = ,

25 43
P|Y) 0.459
148
+
= = ,

13 18
P|Z) 0.209
148
+
= = .
Ta co bang phan phoI fan so Iy fhuyof nhu sau
Hoan canh gIa dnh
Tnh frang pham foI
X Y Z
Khong pham foI 19 27 12
Pham foI 30 41 19

o khac bIof gIua quan saf va Iy fhuyof Ia

/
/
2
|N N ) 1 4 1 1 4 1
Q
N 19 27 12 30 41 19
0.468.

= = + + + + +
=

Nou H dung fh
2 2
Q |2 1)|3 1) |2) = , voI muc y nghIa 0.05 = , fa co
2
0.05
C 5.991 = = .
V Q C , non fa chap nhan H, nghIa Ia hoan canh gIa dnh doc Iap voI fnh frang pham foI.
76
Bai 10. Co 90 nguoI dung T do frj bonh ngoaI da fh co 10 nguoI nhIom bonh; co 100 nguoI
khong dung T fh co 26 nguoI mac bonh. HoI rang T co fac dung ngua bonh ngoaI da
khong 7 | kof Iuan voI 0.05 = ).
Giai
af
Ty Io nguoI mac bonh dung T
1
2
p :
p :

Ty Io nguoI mac bonh khong dung T
Ta co baI foan kIom djnh

1 2
1 2
H: p p
H: p p
=

V
1
10 1
f
90 9
= = , va
2
26
f 0.26
100
= = , non fa co

1 2
1 26
90. 100.
nf mf
9 100
p 0.1895
n m 90 100
+
+
= = =
+ +
.
Nou H dung fh

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
1 1
n m
f f
T Sf n m 2 Sf 188 N 0;1
pq

= + =
+
.
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = fh C 1.96 = , va do do

1 2
1
0.26
f f
9
T 2.616
1 1 1 1
p|1 p) 0.1895 0.8105
n m 90 100

= = =

+ +


.
V T C > , fa bac bo H, nghIa Ia nguoI dung T co fac dung ngua bonh ngoaI da
Bai 11. Trong mof vung dan cu co 18 bo fraI va 28 bo gaI mac bonh . HoI rang fy Io nhIom
bonh cua bo fraI va bo gaI co nhu nhau khong 7 | kof Iuan voI 0.05 = va gIa su rang so Iuong
bo fraI va bo gaI frong vung fuong duong nhau, va raf nhIou ).
Giai
Ta co baI foan kIom djnh

1
H: p
2
1
H: p
2

Nou H dung fh
( ) f p n
Z N|0;1)
pq

= .
V
18
f 0.391
18 28
= =
+
non fa co

( ) 0.391 0.5 46
Z 1.48
0.5 0.5

= =

.
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = , fa fm duoc C 1.96 = .
77
V Z C , non fa chap nhan H, nghIa Ia fy Io mac bonh cua bo fraI va bo gaI Ia nhu
nhau.
Bai 12. Thong ko so faI nan Iao dong faI 2 x nghIop, fa co cac so IIou sau :
X nghIop So cong nhan So faI nan Iao dong
A 200 20
800 120
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = , hay kof Iuan xom chaf Iuong cong fac bao vo an foan Iao dong
faI 2 x nghIop fron co khac nhau khong 7
Giai
Ta co baI foan kIom djnh
Chaf Iuong bao vo an foan cua haI x nghIop nhu nhau H :
H :

Chaf Iuong bao vo an foan cua haI x nghIop khac nhau

Nou H dung fh

200 800
P|Cong nhan) 0.8772
1140
+
= =


20 120
P|faI nan) 0.123
1140
+
= = .
Ta co bang phan phoI fan so Iy fhuyof
X nghIop So cong nhan So faI nan Iao dong
A 193 27
807 113
o khac bIof gIua quan saf va Iy fhuyof Ia

/
/
2
| N N 0.5)
Q
N
42.25 42.25 42.25 42.25
2.21.
193 27 807 113

= =
= + + + =

Nou H dung fh
2 2
Q |2 1)|2 1) |1) = , voI muc y nghIa 0.05 = , fa co
2
0.05
C 3.841 = = .
V Q C , non fa chap nhan H, nghIa Ia chaf Iuong bao vo an foan Iao dong cua haI x
nghIop Ia nhu nhau.
Bai 13. oI voI nguoI VIof Nam, Iuong huyof sac fo frung bnh Ia 138.3g/I. Kham cho 80 cong
nhan o nha may co fIop xuc hoa chaf, fhay huyof sac fo frung bnh Ia 120g/I; S 15g/I = . Tu kof
qua fron, co fho kof Iuan Iuong huyof sac fo frung bnh cua cong nhan nha may hoa chaf nay
fhap hon muc chung hay khong 7 Kof Iuan voI 0.05 =
Giai
Ta co baI foan kIom djnh

H: 138.3
H: 138.3
=

Thoo gIa fhIof, fa co X 120 = ,
X
S 15 = , va n 80 = .
78
Nou H dung fh

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
0
X
X n
T Sf n 1 Sf 79 N 0;1
S

= .
Tu so IIou cua mau fa fm duoc gIa frj cua T Ia

( )
( )
X
X 138.3 n
120 138.3 80
T 10.91
S 15

= = = .
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = , fa co C 1.96 = .
V T C > , non fa bac bo H, nghIa Ia Iuong huyof fo frung bnh cua cong nhan nha may
fhap hon muc chung.
Bai 14. Ham Iuong duong frong mau cua cong nhan sau 5 gIo Iam vIoc voI may sIou cao fan da
do duoc o haI fhoI dIom fruoc va sau 5 gIo Iam vIoc. Ta co kof qua sau :
Truoc
1
n 50 = , fh X 60mg% = ,
X
S 7 = .
Sau
2
n 40 = , fh Y 52mg% = ,
Y
S 9.2 = .
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = , co fho khang djnh ham Iuong duong frong mau sau 5 gIo Iam
vIoc da gIam dI hay khong 7
Giai
Ta co baI foan kIom djnh

X Y
X Y
H:
H:
=

Thoo gIa fhIof, fa co

( ) ( )
2 2
1 X 2 Y 2
1 2
n 1 S n 1 S
49 49 39 84.64
S
n n 2 50 40 2
64.795,
+
+
= =
+ +
=

do do S 8.05 = .
Nou H dung fh
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
1 1
n n
X Y
T Sf n n 2 Sf 89 N 0;1
S

= + =
+
.
Tu so IIou cua haI mau, fa fnh duoc gIa frj cua T Ia

1 2
X Y 60 52
T 4.68
1 1 1 1
S 8.05
n n 50 40

= = =
+ +

VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = , fa co C 1.96 = .
V T C > : non fa bac bo H, nghIa Ia ham Iuong duong frong mau sau 5 gIo Iam vIoc da
gIam dI.
Bai 15. anh gIa fac dung cua mof cho do an boI duong ma dau hIou quan saf Ia so hong cau.
NguoI fa dom so hong cau cua 20 nguoI fruoc va sau khI an boI duong :
79
I
x
32 40 38 42 41 35 36 47 50 30
I
y
40 45 42 50 52 43 48 45 55 34

I
x
38 45 43 36 50 38 42 41 45 44
I
y
32 54 58 30 60 35 50 48 40 50
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = , co fho kof Iuan g vo fac dung cua cho do an boI duong nay 7
Giai
ay Ia fruong hop day so IIou fung cap. Ta khong fho can cu fron fac dung frung bnh cua
fung day so do so sanh ma fa phaI can cu fron su fhay doI fung ca fho. af d Y X = do chI so
Iuong gIa fang boI bo. Ta co bang hIou so
I I I
d X Y = voI I 1, 2, ..., 20 = nhu sau
d 8 5 4 8 11 8 12 -2 5 4

-6 9 15 -6 10 -3 8 7 -5 -4
Tu bang fron, fa fnh duoc
d 6.9 = ,
d
S 4.28 = , va n 20 = .
KhI do, gIa fhIof H : HaI bo so IIou gIong nhau fung cap
duoc fhay bang
H : frung bnh cua bo so IIou
I
bang 0.
Ta co baI foan kIom djnh

d
d
H: 0
H: 0
=

Nou H dung fh

( )
( ) ( )
d
d 0 n
T Sf n 1 Sf 19
S

= .
Tu do, fa fm duoc gIa frj cua T Ia

d
|d 0) n |6.9 0) 20
T 7.21
S 4.28

= = = .
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = fh
19
0.05
C f 2.093 = = .
V T C > , non fa bac bo H, nghIa Ia cho do fhuc an boI duong Iam fhay doI hong cau.
Bai 16. Trong dof fhI dua, phan xuong A bao cao chaf Iuong san pham Iam ra nhu sau : co 85%
IoaI 1; 10% IoaI 2 va 5% IoaI 3. an fhI dua da Iay ngau nhIon fu Io san pham chua phan IoaI
cua phan xuong A ra 100 san pham, fhay co 80 IoaI 1, 13 IoaI 2 va 7 IoaI 3. VoI muc y nghIa
0.01 = , co fho kof Iuan g vo bao cao cua phan xuong A 7
Giai
ang so IIou quan saf cua phan xuong A
IoaI 1 IoaI 2 IoaI 3
San pham 80 13 7
TI Io 0.85 0.1 0.05

80
Ta co bang phan phoI fan so Iy fhuyof

IoaI 1 IoaI 2 IoaI 3
San pham 85 10 5
TI Io 0.85 0.1 0.05
o khac bIof gIua quan saf va Iy fhuyof Ia

/
/
2 2 2 2
|N N ) |80 85) |13 10) |7 5)
Q 1.99
N 85 10 5

= = + + =

.
Va fa co baI foan kIom djnh
u bao cua phan xuong A Ia dung H :
H :

u bao cua phan xuong A Ia khong dung
Nou H dung fh
2
Q |2) .
VoI muc y nghIa
2
0.01
0.01 fh C |2) 9.21 = = = .
V Q C , non fa chap nhan H, nghIa Ia du bao cua phan xuong A Ia dung.
B. BAI TAP
Bai 1. Trong dIou kIon chan nuoI bnh fhuong, Iuong sua frung bnh cua 1 con bo Ia 14kg/ngay.
NghI ngo dIou kIon chan nuoI kom dI Iam cho Iuong sua gIam xuong, nguoI fa dIou fra ngau
nhIon 25 con va fnh duoc Iuong sua frung bnh cua 1 con frong 1 ngay Ia 12.5 va do Ioch fIou
chuan
X
S 2.5 = . VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = . hay kof Iuan dIou nghI ngo noI fron. CIa fhIof Iuong
sua bo Ia 1 bIon ngau nhIon chuan.
ap so : T 3 = , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 2. Mof may san xuaf fu dong voI fy Io chnh pham 98%. Sau mof fhoI gIan hoaf dong, nguoI
fa nghI ngo fy Io fron da bj gIam. KIom fra ngau nhIon 500 san pham fhay co 28 pho pham, voI
0.05 = hay kIom fra xom chaf Iuong Iam vIoc cua may co con duoc nhu fruoc hay khong7
ap so : Z 5.75 = , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 3. Trong cung mof gIong Iua fron haI fhua ruong nhu nhau va bon haI IoaI phan khac nhau.
on ngay fhu hoach fa co kof qua nhu sau : Thua fhu nhaf Iay mau 1000 bong Iua fhay so haf
frung bnh cua moI bong X 70 = haf va
X
S 10 = . Thua fhu haI Iay mau 500 bong fhay so haf
frung bnh moI bong Y 72 = haf va
Y
S 20 = . HoI su khac nhau gIua X va Y Ia ngau nhIon hay
ban chaf, voI 0.05 = 7
ap so : T 2.58 = , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 4. o so sanh frong Iuong frung bnh cua fro so sInh o fhanh fhj va nong fhon, nguoI fa fhu
can frong Iuong cua 10000 chau va fhu duoc kof qua sau day :
Vung
So chau
duoc can
Trong Iuong
frung bnh
o Ioch
chuan mau
Nong fhon 8000 3.0kg 0.3kg
Thanh fhj 2000 3.2kg 0.2kg
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = co fho coI frong Iuong frung bnh cua fro so sInh o fhanh fhj cao
hon o nong fhon hay khong7 |CIa fhIof frong Iuong fro so sInh Ia bIon ngau nhIon chuan).
ap so : T 28.28 = , bac bo gia thiet.


81
Bai 5. So con cua 2000 phu nu fhu do duoI 25 fuoI cho o bang sau :
So con X 0 1 2 3 4
So phu nu 1090 650 220 30 10
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = co fho xom X fuan fhoo Iuaf PoIsson hay khong 7
ap so : Q 8.01 = , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 6. CIa su fa muon xac djnh xom hIou qua cua cho do an kIong doI voI vIoc gIam frong Iuong
nhu fho nao. 20 nguoI qua boo da fhuc hIon cho do an kIong. Trong Iuong cua fung nguoI fruoc
khI an kIong |Xkg) va sau khI a n kIong |Ykg) duoc cho nhu sau:
X 80 78 85 70 90 78 92 88 75
Y 75 77 80 70 84 74 85 82 80

X 75 63 72 89 76 77 71 83 78 82 90
Y 65 62 71 83 72 82 71 79 76 83 81
KIom fra xom cho do an kIong co fac dung Iam fhay i frong Iuong hay khong | 0.05 = ).
ap so : T 3.39 = , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 7. ung 3 phuong an xu Iy haf gIong kof qua cho nhu sau :
Kof qua Phuong an I Phuong an II Phuong an III
So haf moc 360 603 490
So haf khong moc 40 97 180
Thoo bang so IIou o fron, cac phuong an xu Iy co fac dung nhu nhau doI voI fy Io nay mam
hay khong | 0.05 = ) 7
ap so : Q 61.52 = , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 8. Thoo doI su phu fhuoc gIua mau maf va mau foc o 124 phu nu o mof nuoc Chau Au fa co
kof qua sau :
Mau foc
Mau maf
Vang
nau
Nau on
Vang
hoo
Xanh 25 9 3 7
Xam 13 17 10 7
Nau muc 7 13 8 5
VoI 0.05 = , hay kIom fra gIa fhIof cho rang mau cua foc va mau cua maf doc Iap voI
nhau.
ap so : Q 15.07 = , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 9. o xac djnh fhoI vu phun fhuoc dIof sau co IoI nhaf, fo bao vo cay frong da fhoo doI cac
Iua sau frong fung fhoI ky va dom so sau non moI no baf duoc. Kof qua ghI o bang sau
ThoI ky fhoo doI Thang 1 Thang 2 Thang 3 Thang 4 Thang 5
So sau non moI
no baf duoc
62 28 70 75 15
Tong so sau non
baf duoc
488 392 280 515 185
Ty Io sau non moI no frong cac fhoI ky quan saf khac nhau co y nghIa hay khong
| 0.05 = ) 7
ap so : Q 50.83 = , bac bo gia thiet.
82
Bai 10. o huyof sac fo cho 50 cong nhan nong fruong fhay co 60% o muc duoI 110g/I. So IIou
chung cua khu vuc nay Ia 30% o muc duoI 110g/I. VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = , co fho kof Iuan cong
nhan nong fruong co fy Io huyof sac fo duoI 110g/I cao hon muc chung hay khong 7
ap so : Z 4.63 = , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 11. Ham Iuong duong frong mau cua cong nhan sau 3 gIo Iam vIoc voI may sIou cao fan da
duoc do o 2 fhoI dIom fruoc va sau 3 gIo Iam vIoc. Ta co kof qua sau :

1 1
2 2
Truoc : n 50 : X 60mg%; S 7
Sau : n 40 : Y 52mg%; S 9.2
= = =
= = =

VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = , co fho khang djnh ham Iuong duong frong mau sau 3 gIo Iam
vIoc da gIam dI hay khong 7
ap so : T 4.69 = , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 12. CoI X Ia so nguoI foI mof fram dIon fhoaI frong fhoI gIan 3 phuf. Thoo doI 50 khoang
fhoI gIan nhu vay fa co cac so IIou sau:
So nguoI don |X) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
So khoang xay ra 8 15 12 9 4 1 1
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = co fho kof Iuan X fuan fhoo Iuaf phan phoI PoIsson hay khong 7
ap so : Q 1.06 = , chap nhan gia thiet.
Bai 13. Mof nha may co 3 phan xuong cung san xuaf mof IoaI san pham. Chaf Iuong san pham
duoc chIa fhanh 3 IoaI. KIom fra, phan IoaI ngau nhIon mof so san pham fu Io san pham cua 3
phan xuong fa co so IIou sau :
Phan xuong
Chaf Iuong
PX
I
PX
II
PX
III
IoaI I 70 80 60
IoaI II 25 20 15
IoaI III 5 10 5
VoI 0.05 = co fho kof Iuan chaf Iuong san pham phu fhuoc vao noI Iam ra chung hay
khong 7
ap so : Q 2.8 = , chap nhan gia thiet.
Bai 14. CIam doc mof x nghIop cho bIof Iuong frung bnh cua 1 cong nhan fhuoc x nghIop Ia
380 ngan d/fhang. Chon ngau nhIon 36 cong nhan fhay Iuong frung bnh Ia 350 ngan d/fhang,
voI do Ioch chuan S 40 = . IoI bao cao cua gIam doc co fIn cay duoc khong, voI muc co y nghIa Ia
5% = .
ap so : T 4.5 = , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 15. CIoo dong fhoI 2 dong fIon 50 Ian. Tan so xuaf hIon so maf xap duoc cho nhu sau :
So maf xap 0 1 2
Tan so xuaf hIon 10 28 12
VoI muc y nghIa 0.05 = co fho kof Iuan 2 dong fIon Ia can doI va dong chaf hay khong 7
ap so : Q 0.88 = , chap nhan gia thiet.
Bai 16. Trong fhap nIon 80, frong Iuong frung bnh cua fhanh nIon Ia 48kg. Nay do xac djnh IaI
frong Iuong ay, nguoI fa chon ngau nhIon 100 fhanh nIon do frong Iuong frung bnh Ia 50kg va
phuong saI mau dIou chInh ( )
2
2
S 10kg = . Thu xom frong Iuong fhanh nIon hIon nay phaI chang
co fhay doI, voI muc co y nghIa Ia 1% 7
ap so : T 2 = , chap nhan gia thiet.
83
Bai 17. Mof cua hang fhuc pham nhan fhay fhoI gIan vua qua frung bnh mof khach hang mua
25 ngan dong fhuc pham frong ngay. Nay cua hang chon ngau nhIon 15 khach hang fhay frung
bnh mof khach hang mau 24 ngan dong frong ngay va phuong saI mau dIou chInh Ia
( )
2
2
S 2 ngandong = .
VoI muc y nghIa Ia 5%, fhu xom co phaI suc mua cua khach hang hIon nay co fhuc su gIam
suf.
ap so : T 1.94 = , chap nhan gia thiet.
Bai 18. Thoo mof nguon fIn fh fI Io ho dan fhch xom dan ca fron TIvI Ia 80%. Tham do 36 ho
dan fhay co 25 ho fhch xom dan ca. VoI muc co y nghIa Ia 5%. KIom djnh xom nguon fIn nay co
dang fIn cay khong 7
ap so : Z 1.58 = , chap nhan gia thiet.
Bai 19. Mof may san suaf fu dong, Iuc dau fy Io san pham IoaI A Ia 20%. Sau khI ap dung mof
phuong phap caI fIon san xuaf moI, nguoI fa Iay 40 mau, moI mau gom 10 san pham do kIom
fra. Kof qua kIom fra cho o bang sau :
So san pham IoaI A
frong mau
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
So mau 2 0 4 6 8 10 4 5 1 0
VoI muc y nghIa 5%. Hay cho kof Iuan vo phuong phap san suaf nay.
ap so : Z 16.875 = , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 20. Trong Iuong frung bnh khI xuaf chuong o mof fraI chan nuoI fruoc Ia 3,3 kg/con. Nam
nay nguoI fa su dung mof IoaI fhuc an moI, can fhu 15 con khI xuaf chuong fa duoc cac so IIou
nhu sau:
3,25 ; 2,50 ; 4,00 ; 3,75 ; 3,80 ; 3,90 ; 4,02 ; 3,60 ;3,80 ; 3,20 ; 3,82 ; 3,40 ; 3,75 ; 4,00 ;
3,50
CIa fhIof frong Iuong ga Ia daI Iuong ngau nhIon phan phoI fhoo quy Iuaf chuan.
a) VoI muc y nghIa 0, 05 = . Hay cho kof Iuan vo fac dung cua IoaI fhuc an nay 7
b) Nou fraI chan nuoI bao cao frong Iuong frung bnh khI xuaf chuong Ia 3,5 kg/con fh co
chap nhan duoc khong 7
( )
5% = .
ap so : T 3.06 = , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 21. Ty Io pho pham cua mof nha may fruoc day Ia 5%. Nam nay nha may ap dung mof bIon
phap ky fhuaf moI. o nghIon cuu fac dung cua bIon phap ky fhuaf moI, nguoI fa Iay mof mau
gom 800 san pham do kIom fra va fhay co 24 pho pham.
a) VoI 0, 01 = . Hay cho kof Iuan vo bIon phap ky fhuaf moI nay 7
b) Nou nha may bao cao fy Io pho pham sau khI ap dung bIon phap ky fhuaf moI Ia 2% fh
co chap nhan duoc khong 7 ( ) voI 0, 01 = .
ap so : a) Z 2.6 = , bac bo gia thiet.
b) T 2.02 = , chap nhan gia thiet.
Bai 22. TIon Iuong frung bnh cua cong nhan fruoc day Ia 400 ngan d/fhang. o xof xom fIon
Iuong hIon nay so voI muc fruoc day fho nao, nguoI fa dIou fra 100 cong nhan va fnh duoc
X 404.8 = ngan d/fhang va S 20 = ngan d/fhang. VoI 1% =
a) Nou Iap gIa fhIof 2 pha va gIa fhIof 1 pha fh kof qua kIom djnh nhu fho nao 7
b) CIong cau a, voI X 406 = ngan d/ fhang va S 20 = ngan d/fhang.
84
ap so : a) T 2.4 = , chap nhan gia thiet.
b) T 3 = , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 23. San pham duoc san xuaf ra fron mof day chuyon fu dong duoc dong goI mof cach ngau
nhIon fhoo quI cach : 3 san pham/hop. TIon hanh kIom fra 200 hop fa duoc kof qua
So sp IoaI I co frong hop 0 1 2 3
So hop 6 14 110 70
VoI 2% = , co fho xom so san pham IoaI I co frong hop Ia daI Iuong ngau nhIon co quy
Iuaf phan phoI nhj fhuc khong 7
ap so : Q 18.88 = , bac bo gia thiet.
Bai 24. Mof nha may san xuaf may In noI rang so IoI In frong 1 cuon sach day 300 frang cua
may In Ia 1 daI Iuong ngau nhIon co quy Iuaf phan phoI PoIsson voI fham so 4.7 = . KIom fra
300 frang sach In cua 50 may In cung IoaI, fa duoc
So IoI 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
So may 1 1 8 6 13 10 5 5 1 0
VoI muc y nghIa 1%, hoI IoI fuyon bo cua nha san xuaf co dung khong 7
ap so : Q 2.406 = , chap nhan gia thiet.
Bai 25. KIom fra 200 fhung mof IoaI do hop, nguoI fa fhu duoc so IIou sau
So hop bj hong/fhung 0 1 2 3 4
So fhung 116 56 22 4 2
VoI 5% = , so hop bj hong cua mof fhung co Ia bIon ngau nhIon fuan fhoo quI Iuaf
PoIsson 7
ap so : Q 2.393 = , chap nhan gia thiet.
Bai 26. So faI nan gIao fhong xay ra moI ngay o 1 fhanh pho quan saf duoc
So faI nan 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
So ngay 10 32 46 35 20 9 2 1 1
VoI muc y nghIa 1%, xof xom so faI nan gIao fhong co quy Iuaf PoIsson 7
ap so : Q 2.311 = , chap nhan gia thiet.
Bai 27. Nang suaf Iua fhu nghIom fron 100 Io daf cho kof qua
Nang
suaf|fan/ha)
8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15
So fruong hop 8 15 21 23 16 9 8
VoI muc y nghIa 1%, xof xom nang suaf Iua co fuan fhoo quy Iuaf phan phoI chuan khong
7
ap so : Q 4.4 = , chap nhan gia thiet.
Bai 28. CIoo 1 con xuc xac 600 Ian. So Ian xuaf hIon cac maf 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 duoc cho frong bang
sau
So nuf 1 2 3 4 5 6
So Ian xuaf hIon 106 92 97 105 88 112
VoI muc y nghIa 5%, co fho xom con xuc xac duoc cho fao can doI, dong chaf khong 7
ap so : Q 4.2 = , chap nhan gia thiet.

85
PH LC
1. Oung cuc bung phun pho xuc suut
Cac bang phan phoI xac suaf quan frong gom phan phoI Causs, ChI-nh phuong, Sfudonf
va IIshor. Cac gIa frj xac suaf dac bIof cua chung duoc fnh san va IIof ko fhanh bang nhu sau
1.1. Phun pho Guuss ( ) N 0,1 .
VoI ( ) X N 0,1 , fa co haI baI foan xac suaf quan frong :
- fm ( ) P a X b , voI a, b , a b cho fruoc,
- fm gIa frj C sao cho ( ) ( )
P C X C P X C = = , voI cho fruoc.
1.1.1. TIm ( ) P a X b .
o
2
x / 2
1
f |x) o
2

Ia ham maf do cua X non fu fnh chaf cua fch phan, fa co

( )
b b a
a 0 0
P a X b f |x)dx f |x)dx f |x)dx
|b) |a),
= =



frong do
2
x x
f / 2
0 0
1
|x) f |f)df o df
2

duoc goI Ia ham IapIaco.
Cac gIa frj cua ham IapIaco duoc fnh san va IIof ko fhanh bang goI Ia bang phan phoI
Causs. NgoaI ra, v Ia ham Io, | x) |x) = , x , non nguoI fa chI can IIof ko cac gIa frj
cua |x) voI x 0 > .
ang phan phoI Causs gom 400 gIa frj cua |x) , voI x fhay doI fu 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, ..., 3.99
va duoc bo fr nhu sau
- Cac hang frong bang, fru hang dau, duoc danh so fu 0.0, 0.1, don 3.9.
- Cac cof frong bang, fru cof dau, duoc danh so fu 0.00, 0.01 foI 0.09.
KhI do, ung voI moI gIa frj x frong khoang fu 0.00 don 3.99 voI haI so Io fhap phan dang
x a.bc = , gIa frj |x) nam o hang danh so a.b va cof danh so 0.0c. Chang han, voI x 1.52 = ,
|x) |1.52) nam o hang 1.5, cof 0.02, nghIa Ia |1.52) 0.4357 = .

... ... 0.01 0.02 0.03 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
1.4 ... ... 0.4207 0.4222 0.4236 ... ...
1.5 ... ... 0.4345 0.435? 0.4370 ... ...
1.6 ... ... 0.4463 0.4474 0.4484 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

NgoaI ra, v
2
f / 2
0
1
| ) o df 0.5
2
+

+ =

non |x) 0.5 = , voI 4 x +.

Tom IaI, khI ( ) X N 0,1 fh
86
( ) P a X b |b) |a) = , |1)
voI |x) duoc fnh nhu sau
- KhI 0 x 3.99 , gIa frj |x) duoc fm fhay frong bang,
- KhI 4 x +, |x) 0.5 = ,
- KhI x 0 < , fa dung cong fhuc | x) |x) = .
Chu y :
Cong fhuc |1) van dung cho fruong hop a = va / hay b = +. Chang han
( ) P X b |b) | ) |b) 0.5 < = = + ,
v | ) | ) 0.5 = + = ,
( ) P a X | ) |a) 0.5 |a) < + = + = .
Hon nua, do fnh chaf cua fch phan, fa co
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) P a X b P a X b P a X b P a X b = < = < = < < .
1.1.2. TIm C suo cho ( ) ( )
P C X C P X C = = , vo cho truoc.
Xuaf phaf fu dang fhuc ( ) ( ) P C X C 2 C = = , fa duoc ( ) C
2

= .
o do, ung voI gIa frj cho fruoc, fnh ( ) C
2

= va fm vj fr cua so hang nay frong

bang. ay gIo, C chnh Ia fong cua so ch hang va so ch cot. Chang han, voI 0.95 = ,
( ) C 0.475
2

= = . Tra bang, fa fhay gIa frj 0.475 nam o hang 1.9, cof 0.06, dIou nay co nghIa Ia
|1.96) 0.475 = . o do C 1.96 = .
... ... 0.05 0.06 0.07 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
1.8 ... ... 0.4678 0.4686 0.4693 ... ...
1.9 ... ... 0.4744 0.4?50 0.4756 ... ...
2.0 ... ... 0.4798 0.4803 0.4808 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Chu y :
Ta con gap baI foan fm C sao cho
( )
P X C > = , voI cho fruoc. KhI do

( ) ( )
P X C 1 P X C 1 = > = =
va fa nhan fro IaI baI foan vua khao saf. Thong fhuong, va Ian Iuof duoc goI Ia o tin cay
va nguy c sai lam.
1.2. Phun pho Student ( ) Sf n .
o phan phoI Sfudonf fhuong chI dung frong cac baI foan fhong ko non voI ( ) Sf n ,
nguoI fa chI co cac nhu cau
87
- fm C sao cho
( )
P C = ,
- fm C sao cho
( )
P C > = .
o Iam duoc dIou nay, nguoI fa fnh san
( )
P C > = , ( ) Sf n , voI mof so gIa frj cua
|nguy co saI Iam) va |do fu do) n va IIof ko frong bang goI Ia bang phan phoI Sfudonf.
Cu fho, cac hang cua bang, fru hang 1, duoc danh so fhoo do fu do n, cac cof cua bang, fru
cof 1, duoc danh so fhoo |nguy co saI Iam) . KhI do, noI dung frong bang ung voI hang va cof
nhan duoc chnh Ia gIa frj C can fm.
V du : VoI ( ) Sf 10 , do fm C sao cho
( )
P X C 0.05 > = , noI dung bang ung voI hang 10,
cof 0.05 cho gIa frj C 2.228 = .

... ... 0.04 0.05 0.06 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
9 ... ... 2.398 2.262 2.150 ... ...
10 ... ... 2.359 2.228 2.120 ... ...
11 ... ... 2.328 2.201 2.096 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

Truong hop fm C sao cho
( )
P C = duoc khao saf gIong nhu fruong hop phan phoI
Causs

( ) ( )
P C 1 P C 1 > = = .
Chu y :
KhI ( ) Sf n , voI n 30 , fa co fho
- ung bang phan phoI Sfudonf voI do fu do n = |hang cuoI), hay
- Xap xI phan phoI Sfudonf bang phan phoI Causs, nghIa Ia ( ) X N 0,1 .
1.3. Phun pho Ch-BInh phuong.
Tuong fu phan phoI Sfudonf, phan phoI ChI-nh phuong duoc dung frong fhong ko va fa
gap haI baI foan sau
- Tm a, b sao cho ( ) ( ) P X a P X b
2

< = > = , voI |nguy co saI Iam) cho fruoc |baI

foan uoc Iuong),
- Tm C sao cho ( ) P X C > = |baI foan kIom djnh).
o ( ) ( ) ( ) P X a 1 P X a 1 P X a < = = > non do gIaI cac baI foan nay, nguoI fa fnh san
mof so gIa frj x sao cho ( ) P X x = , ( )
2
X n , fuong ung voI cac gIa frj cua va n cho fruoc,
va duoc IIof ko fhanh bang. Cac hang, fru hang 1, duoc danh so fhoo bac fu do n, cac cof, fru cof
1, duoc danh so fhoo cac gIa frj cua . CIa frj frong bang fuong ung voI hang va cof fm duoc
chnh Ia gIa frj x can fm. Chang han, voI ( )
2
X 10 , do fm x sao cho ( ) P X x 0.025 = , fra
bang ung voI hang 10, cof 0.025, fa duoc x 20.483 = .
88
... ... 0.02 0.025 0.03 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
9 ... ... 19.679 19.023 18.480 ... ...
10 ... ... 21.161 20.483 19.922 ... ...
11 ... ... 22.618 21.920 21.342 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
1.4. Phun pho Fsher ( ) I n, m .
Tuong fu nhu phan phoI chI-bnh phuong, voI ( ) X I n, m , cac gIa frj x sao cho
( ) P X x = duoc fnh san voI mof so , m, n cho fruoc.
Cu fho, nguoI fa chI xof haI gIa frj cua Ia 0.05 va 0.01, va cac gIa frj cua x duoc IIof ko
fhanh haI bang : bang 1 ung voI 0.05 = va bang 2 ung voI 0.01 = . Trong moI bang, hang 1
IIof ko cac gIa frj cua n. Cof 1 IIof ko cac gIa frj cua m va gIa frj frong bang Ia gIa frj x can fm
fuong ung.
Chang han, nou ( ) X I 5,10 , do fm x sao cho ( ) P X x 0.05 = , fa fra bang 1, hang 10, cof
5 va nhan duoc gIa frj cua x Ia 3.33

... ... 4 5 6 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
9 ... ... 3.63 3.48 3.37 ... ...
10 ... ... 3.48 3.33 3.22 ... ...
11 ... ... 3.36 3.2 3.09 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
o fm x sao cho ( ) P X x 0.01 = , fra bang 2, hang 10, cof 5, fa duoc gIa frj cua x Ia 5.64
... ... 4 5 6 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
9 ... ... 6.42 6.06 5.80 ... ...
10 ... ... 5.99 5.64 5.39 ... ...
11 ... ... 5.67 5.32 5.07 ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...

2. Chung mnh dung thuc
( ) ( )
2 2
r k r k
I, j I, j I, j
I, j I j
I 1 j 1 I 1 j 1
Q 1
= = = =



= =



N N N
N
N H C

o
I j
I, j
N

=
H C
N
non
89

( ) ( ) ( )
I j I j I j
I j I j
2 2
2
2
I, j I, j I, j
I, j I, j
I, j
2
I, j I j
I, j
I j
N N 2N
N N
N
N
2N


+
= =

= +

H C H C H C
N N N
H C H C
N N
H C
N
H C N

V vay

r k r k r k 2
I, j I j
I, j
I j
I 1 j 1 I 1 j 1 I 1 j 1
N
Q 2 N
= = = = = =

= +

H C
N
H C N
,
frong do

r k
I, j
I 1 j 1
N
= =
=

N;

r k r k
2
I j
I j
I 1 j 1 I 1 j 1
1
= = = =

= = =

H C
N
H C N
N N N
.
Tu do suy ra

r k 2
I, j
I j
I 1 j 1
r k 2
I, j
I j
I 1 j 1
N
Q
N
1 .
= =
= =
=

N N
H C
N
H C

3. Huong dun dung muy tInh
Trong phan nay, fa chI khao saf cac phop fnh fhong ko fron ba IoaI may : IX 500A, IX
500MS, 570MS va IX 500S, 570S.
3.1. Cuc ky heu, gh chu
- Cac phm bam fron may duoc ky hIou boI cac bIou fuong duoc dong khung, v du : , ,
, , , , , , , , , , , .
- Cac phm muI fon nhu : , , , Ia cac phm fron nuf RopIay
.
- ChuoI cac ky hIou bIou fuong nhu











nghIa Ia bam cac
phm , , , , ,

fron may fhoo fhu fu fu fraI sang phaI.
3.2. Cuc buoc trong tInh toun thong ke vo cuc lou muy FX500A, FX500MS, FX
5?0MS
o nhan duoc cac kof qua frong fnh foan fhong ko mof bIon, fa fhuc hIon fuan fu cac buoc
sau :
uoc 1 : Vao cho do fhong ko |S).
uoc 2 : Xoa du IIou fhong ko cu.
uoc 3 : Nhap so IIou fhong ko moI.
uoc 4 : KhaI fhac kof qua fu so IIou fhong ko vua nhap.
uoc 5 : Thoaf khoI cho do fhong ko.
Cu fho, fa co
90
3.2.1. Buoc 1 : Vuo che do thong ke
May IX500A :


May IX500MS :


May IX570MS :


3.2.2. Buoc 2 : Xou so leu thong ke cu
Trong cho do S, fa fhuc hIon nhu sau :
May IX500A :




May IX500MS va IX570MS :






3.2.3. Buoc 3 : Nhup so leu thong ke mo
So lieu khong co tan so : Chang han do nhap day so IIou cua X
X 1 2 3 4 5
May IX500A :







May IX500MS va IX570MS :





So lieu co tan so : Chang han do nhap day so IIou cua X
X 1 2 3 4 5
Tan so 3 2 4 5 2
May IX500A :































May IX500MS va IX570MS :










































3.2.4. Buoc 4 : Khu thuc ket quu
VoI X chI frung bnh mau;
n
chI phuong saI mau chua hIou chInh;
n 1
chI phuong saI mau
co hIou chInh;
I
x

chI fong so IIou mau;

2
I
x

chI fong bnh phuong cac so IIou mau va n chI

co mau. Ta co
May IX500A :
X :



91

n
:




n 1
:




I
x

:




2
I
x

:



n :



May IX500MS va IX570MS :
X :








n
:








n 1
:








I
x

:








2
I
x

:







n :







3.2.5. Buoc 5 : Thout kho che do thong ke
May IX500A :


May IX500MS :


May IX570MS :




3.2. Cuc buoc trong tInh toun thong ke vo cuc lou muy FX500KS, FX5?0KS
o nhan duoc cac kof qua frong fnh foan fhong ko mof bIon, fa fhuc hIon fuan fu cac buoc
sau :
uoc 1 : Vao cho do fhong ko |STAT).
uoc 2 : Vao cho do chInh sua du IIou.
uoc 2.1 : Xoa du IIou fhong ko cu.
uoc 2.2 : Nhap so IIou fhong ko moI.
uoc 3 : KhaI fhac kof qua fu so IIou fhong ko vua nhap.
uoc 4 : Thoaf khoI cho do fhong ko.
Chu y rang chI co su khac bIof gIua haI IoaI may nay frong buoc 1. Taf ca cac buoc con IaI
Ia nhu nhau. Cu fho, fa co
3.3.1. Buoc 1 : Vuo che do thong ke
May IX500S :


May IX570S :


3.3.2. Buoc 2 : Vuo che do chnh suu du leu
Trong cho do STAT, fa fhuc hIon nhu sau :






3.3.2.1 Buoc 2.1 : Xou so leu thong ke cu
92






3.3.2.2 Buoc 2.2 : Nhup so leu thong ke mo
So lieu khong co tan so : Chang han do nhap day so IIou cua X
X 1 2 3 4 5









So lieu co tan so : Chang han do nhap day so IIou cua X
X 1 2 3 4 5
Tan so 3 2 4 5 2
Nou fron man hnh khong co cof Iroq |cof do nhap fan so) fh bam







Nhap du IIou :







Nhap fan so :









3.3.3. Buoc 3 : Khu thuc ket quu
VoI X chI frung bnh mau;
n
chI phuong saI mau chua hIou chInh;
n 1
chI phuong saI mau
co hIou chInh;
I
x

chI fong so IIou mau;

2
I
x

chI fong bnh phuong cac so IIou mau va n chI

co mau. Ta co
X :








n
:








n 1
:







n :







I
x

:








2
I
x

:







3.3.4. Buoc 4 : Thout kho che do thong ke


93
PHAN PHOI POISSON
( )
k
k x
P X x e
k!

vi X P( )
Hang 1 : cac gia tr cua .
Cot 1 : Cac gia tr cua x.
Noi dung bang : Cac gia tr ( ) P X x .

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
0 0.9048 0.8187 0.7408 0.6703 0.6065 0.5488 0.4966 0.4493 0.4066
1 0.9953 0.9825 0.9631 0.9384 0.9098 0.8781 0.8442 0.8088 0.7725
2 0.9998 0.9989 0.9964 0.9921 0.9856 0.9769 0.9659 0.9526 0.9371
3 1.0000 0.9999 0.9997 0.9992 0.9982 0.9966 0.9942 0.9909 0.9865
4 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9996 0.9992 0.9986 0.9977
5 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.9999 0.9998 0.9997
6 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

1 2 3 4 5
0 0.3679 0.1353 0.0498 0.0183 0.0067
1 0.7358 0.4060 0.1991 0.0916 0.0404
2 0.9197 0.6767 0.4232 0.2381 0.1247
3 0.9810 0.8571 0.6472 0.4335 0.2650
4 0.9963 0.9473 0.8153 0.6288 0.4405
5 0.9994 0.9834 0.9161 0.7851 0.6160
6 0.9999 0.9955 0.9665 0.8893 0.7622
7 1.0000 0.9989 0.9881 0.9489 0.8666
8 0.9998 0.9962 0.9786 0.9319
9 1.0000 0.9989 0.9919 0.9682
10 0.9997 0.9972 0.9863
11 0.9999 0.9991 0.9945
12 1.0000 0.9997 0.9980
13 0.9999 0.9993
14 1.0000 0.9998
15 0.9999
16 1.0000


94
PHAN PHOI GAUSS
( )
2
x
t / 2
0
1
(x) e dt P 0 X x
2

= =

,
vi ( ) X N 0;1 , x z

.
x=z

0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
0.0 0.0000 0.0040 0.0080 0.0120 0.0160 0.0199 0.0239 0.0279 0.0319 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 0.0517 0.0557 0.0596 0.0636 0.0675 0.0714 0.0753
0.2 0.0793 0.0832 0.0871 0.0910 0.0948 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064 0.1103 0.1141
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 0.1255 0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.1480 0.1517
0.4 0.1554 0.1591 0.1628 0.1664 0.1700 0.1736 0.1772 0.1808 0.1844 0.1879
0.5 0.1915 0.1950 0.1985 0.2019 0.2054 0.2088 0.2123 0.2157 0.2190 0.2224
0.6 0.2257 0.2291 0.2324 0.2357 0.2389 0.2422 0.2454 0.2486 0.2517 0.2549
0.7 0.2580 0.2611 0.2642 0.2673 0.2704 0.2734 0.2764 0.2794 0.2823 0.2852
0.8 0.2881 0.2910 0.2939 0.2967 0.2995 0.3023 0.3051 0.3078 0.3106 0.3133
0.9 0.3159 0.3186 0.3212 0.3238 0.3264 0.3289 0.3315 0.3340 0.3365 0.3389
1.0 0.3413 0.3438 0.3461 0.3485 0.3508 0.3531 0.3554 0.3577 0.3599 0.3621
1.1 0.3643 0.3665 0.3686 0.3708 0.3729 0.3749 0.3770 0.3790 0.3810 0.3830
1.2 0.3849 0.3869 0.3888 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.3980 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4082 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 0.4177
1.4 0.4192 0.4207 0.4222 0.4236 0.4251 0.4265 0.4279 0.4292 0.4306 0.4319
1.5 0.4332 0.4345 0.4357 0.4370 0.4382 0.4394 0.4406 0.4418 0.4429 0.4441
1.6 0.4452 0.4463 0.4474 0.4484 0.4495 0.4505 0.4515 0.4525 0.4535 0.4545
1.7 0.4554 0.4564 0.4573 0.4582 0.4591 0.4599 0.4608 0.4616 0.4625 0.4633
1.8 0.4641 0.4649 0.4656 0.4664 0.4671 0.4678 0.4686 0.4693 0.4699 0.4706
1.9 0.4713 0.4719 0.4726 0.4732 0.4738 0.4744 0.4750 0.4756 0.4761 0.4767
2.0 0.4772 0.4778 0.4783 0.4788 0.4793 0.4798 0.4803 0.4808 0.4812 0.4817
2.1 0.4821 0.4826 0.4830 0.4834 0.4838 0.4842 0.4846 0.4850 0.4854 0.4857
2.2 0.4861 0.4864 0.4868 0.4871 0.4875 0.4878 0.4881 0.4884 0.4887 0.4890
2.3 0.4893 0.4896 0.4898 0.4901 0.4904 0.4906 0.4909 0.4911 0.4913 0.4916
2.4 0.4918 0.4920 0.4922 0.4925 0.4927 0.4929 0.4931 0.4932 0.4934 0.4936
2.5 0.4938 0.4940 0.4941 0.4943 0.4945 0.4946 0.4948 0.4949 0.4951 0.4952
2.6 0.4953 0.4955 0.4956 0.4957 0.4959 0.4960 0.4961 0.4962 0.4963 0.4964
2.7 0.4965 0.4966 0.4967 0.4968 0.4969 0.4970 0.4971 0.4972 0.4973 0.4974
2.8 0.4974 0.4975 0.4976 0.4977 0.4977 0.4978 0.4979 0.4979 0.4980 0.4981
2.9 0.4981 0.4982 0.4982 0.4983 0.4984 0.4984 0.4985 0.4985 0.4986 0.4986
3.0 0.4987 0.4987 0.4987 0.4988 0.4988 0.4989 0.4989 0.4989 0.4990 0.4990
3.1 0.4990 0.4991 0.4991 0.4991 0.4992 0.4992 0.4992 0.4992 0.4993 0.4993
3.2 0.4993 0.4993 0.4994 0.4994 0.4994 0.4994 0.4994 0.4995 0.4995 0.4995
3.3 0.4995 0.4995 0.4995 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4996 0.4997
3.4 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4997 0.4998
3.5 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998 0.4998
3.6 0.4998 0.4998 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999
3.7 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999
3.8 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999 0.4999
3.9 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000 0.5000

95
PHAN PHOI STUDENT
( )
P T t

= vi T St(n)
Cot 1 : gia tr o t do n.
Hang 1 : Gia tr nguy c sai lam
Noi dung bang : Gia tr t

tng ng vi n va
t

t


0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.15 0.2
1 63.656 31.821 21.205 15.894 12.706 10.579 9.058 7.916 7.026 6.314 4.165 3.078
2 9.925 6.965 5.643 4.849 4.303 3.896 3.578 3.320 3.104 2.920 2.282 1.886
3 5.841 4.541 3.896 3.482 3.182 2.951 2.763 2.605 2.471 2.353 1.924 1.638
4 4.604 3.747 3.298 2.999 2.776 2.601 2.456 2.333 2.226 2.132 1.778 1.533
5 4.032 3.365 3.003 2.757 2.571 2.422 2.297 2.191 2.098 2.015 1.699 1.476
6 3.707 3.143 2.829 2.612 2.447 2.313 2.201 2.104 2.019 1.943 1.650 1.440
7 3.499 2.998 2.715 2.517 2.365 2.241 2.136 2.046 1.966 1.895 1.617 1.415
8 3.355 2.896 2.634 2.449 2.306 2.189 2.090 2.004 1.928 1.860 1.592 1.397
9 3.250 2.821 2.574 2.398 2.262 2.150 2.055 1.973 1.899 1.833 1.574 1.383
10 3.169 2.764 2.527 2.359 2.228 2.120 2.028 1.948 1.877 1.812 1.559 1.372
11 3.106 2.718 2.491 2.328 2.201 2.096 2.007 1.928 1.859 1.796 1.548 1.363
12 3.055 2.681 2.461 2.303 2.179 2.076 1.989 1.912 1.844 1.782 1.538 1.356
13 3.012 2.650 2.436 2.282 2.160 2.060 1.974 1.899 1.832 1.771 1.530 1.350
14 2.977 2.624 2.415 2.264 2.145 2.046 1.962 1.887 1.821 1.761 1.523 1.345
15 2.947 2.602 2.397 2.249 2.131 2.034 1.951 1.878 1.812 1.753 1.517 1.341
16 2.921 2.583 2.382 2.235 2.120 2.024 1.942 1.869 1.805 1.746 1.512 1.337
17 2.898 2.567 2.368 2.224 2.110 2.015 1.934 1.862 1.798 1.740 1.508 1.333
18 2.878 2.552 2.356 2.214 2.101 2.007 1.926 1.855 1.792 1.734 1.504 1.330
19 2.861 2.539 2.346 2.205 2.093 2.000 1.920 1.850 1.786 1.729 1.500 1.328
20 2.845 2.528 2.336 2.197 2.086 1.994 1.914 1.844 1.782 1.725 1.497 1.325
21 2.831 2.518 2.328 2.189 2.080 1.988 1.909 1.840 1.777 1.721 1.494 1.323
22 2.819 2.508 2.320 2.183 2.074 1.983 1.905 1.835 1.773 1.717 1.492 1.321
23 2.807 2.500 2.313 2.177 2.069 1.978 1.900 1.832 1.770 1.714 1.489 1.319
24 2.797 2.492 2.307 2.172 2.064 1.974 1.896 1.828 1.767 1.711 1.487 1.318
25 2.787 2.485 2.301 2.167 2.060 1.970 1.893 1.825 1.764 1.708 1.485 1.316
26 2.779 2.479 2.296 2.162 2.056 1.967 1.890 1.822 1.761 1.706 1.483 1.315
27 2.771 2.473 2.291 2.158 2.052 1.963 1.887 1.819 1.758 1.703 1.482 1.314
28 2.763 2.467 2.286 2.154 2.048 1.960 1.884 1.817 1.756 1.701 1.480 1.313
29 2.756 2.462 2.282 2.150 2.045 1.957 1.881 1.814 1.754 1.699 1.479 1.311
2.576 2.326 2.170 2.054 1.960 1.881 1.812 1.751 1.695 1.645 1.440 1.282



96
PHAN PHOI CHI BNH PHNG
( )
2
n,
P X

= khi
2
X (n)
Hang 1 : Gia tr cua
Cot 1 : Gia tr o t do n.
Noi dung bang : Gia tr
2
n,
.

2
n,


0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.05 0.95 0.975 0.98 0.99 0.995
1 7.879 6.635 5.916 5.412 5.024 4.709 3.841 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000
2 10.597 9.210 8.399 7.824 7.378 7.013 5.991 0.103 0.051 0.040 0.020 0.010
3 12.838 11.345 10.465 9.837 9.348 8.947 7.815 0.352 0.216 0.185 0.115 0.072
4 14.860 13.277 12.339 11.668 11.143 10.712 9.488 0.711 0.484 0.429 0.297 0.207
5 16.750 15.086 14.098 13.388 12.832 12.375 11.070 1.145 0.831 0.752 0.554 0.412
6 18.548 16.812 15.777 15.033 14.449 13.968 12.592 1.635 1.237 1.134 0.872 0.676
7 20.278 18.475 17.398 16.622 16.013 15.509 14.067 2.167 1.690 1.564 1.239 0.989
8 21.955 20.090 18.974 18.168 17.535 17.011 15.507 2.733 2.180 2.032 1.647 1.344
9 23.589 21.666 20.512 19.679 19.023 18.480 16.919 3.325 2.700 2.532 2.088 1.735
10 25.188 23.209 22.021 21.161 20.483 19.922 18.307 3.940 3.247 3.059 2.558 2.156
11 26.757 24.725 23.503 22.618 21.920 21.342 19.675 4.575 3.816 3.609 3.053 2.603
12 28.300 26.217 24.963 24.054 23.337 22.742 21.026 5.226 4.404 4.178 3.571 3.074
13 29.819 27.688 26.403 25.471 24.736 24.125 22.362 5.892 5.009 4.765 4.107 3.565
14 31.319 29.141 27.827 26.873 26.119 25.493 23.685 6.571 5.629 5.368 4.660 4.075
15 32.801 30.578 29.235 28.259 27.488 26.848 24.996 7.261 6.262 5.985 5.229 4.601
16 34.267 32.000 30.629 29.633 28.845 28.191 26.296 7.962 6.908 6.614 5.812 5.142
17 35.718 33.409 32.011 30.995 30.191 29.523 27.587 8.672 7.564 7.255 6.408 5.697
18 37.156 34.805 33.382 32.346 31.526 30.845 28.869 9.390 8.231 7.906 7.015 6.265
19 38.582 36.191 34.742 33.687 32.852 32.158 30.144 10.117 8.907 8.567 7.633 6.844
20 39.997 37.566 36.093 35.020 34.170 33.462 31.410 10.851 9.591 9.237 8.260 7.434
21 41.401 38.932 37.434 36.343 35.479 34.759 32.671 11.591 10.283 9.915 8.897 8.034
22 42.796 40.289 38.768 37.659 36.781 36.049 33.924 12.338 10.982 10.600 9.542 8.643
23 44.181 41.638 40.094 38.968 38.076 37.332 35.172 13.091 11.689 11.293 10.196 9.260
24 45.558 42.980 41.413 40.270 39.364 38.609 36.415 13.848 12.401 11.992 10.856 9.886
25 46.928 44.314 42.725 41.566 40.646 39.880 37.652 14.611 13.120 12.697 11.524 10.520
26 48.290 45.642 44.031 42.856 41.923 41.146 38.885 15.379 13.844 13.409 12.198 11.160
27 49.645 46.963 45.331 44.140 43.195 42.407 40.113 16.151 14.573 14.125 12.878 11.808
28 50.994 48.278 46.626 45.419 44.461 43.662 41.337 16.928 15.308 14.847 13.565 12.461
29 52.335 49.588 47.915 46.693 45.722 44.913 42.557 17.708 16.047 15.574 14.256 13.121
30 53.672 50.892 49.199 47.962 46.979 46.160 43.773 18.493 16.791 16.306 14.953 13.787
35 60.275 57.342 55.553 54.244 53.203 52.335 49.802 22.465 20.569 20.027 18.509 17.192
40 66.766 63.691 61.812 60.436 59.342 58.428 55.758 26.509 24.433 23.838 22.164 20.707
45 73.166 69.957 67.994 66.555 65.410 64.454 61.656 30.612 28.366 27.720 25.901 24.311
50 79.490 76.154 74.111 72.613 71.420 70.423 67.505 34.764 32.357 31.664 29.707 27.991
55 85.749 82.292 80.173 78.619 77.380 76.345 73.311 38.958 36.398 35.659 33.571 31.735
60 91.952 88.379 86.188 84.580 83.298 82.225 79.082 43.188 40.482 39.699 37.485 35.534
65 98.105 94.422 92.161 90.501 89.177 88.069 84.821 47.450 44.603 43.779 41.444 39.383
70 104.215 100.425 98.098 96.387 95.023 93.881 90.531 51.739 48.758 47.893 45.442 43.275
75 110.285 106.393 104.001 102.243 100.839 99.665 96.217 56.054 52.942 52.039 49.475 47.206
80 116.321 112.329 109.874 108.069 106.629 105.422 101.879 60.391 57.153 56.213 53.540 51.172
85 122.324 118.236 115.720 113.871 112.393 111.156 107.522 64.749 61.389 60.412 57.634 55.170
90 128.299 124.116 121.542 119.648 118.136 116.869 113.145 69.126 65.647 64.635 61.754 59.196
95 134.247 129.973 127.341 125.405 123.858 122.562 118.752 73.520 69.925 68.879 65.898 63.250
100 140.170 135.807 133.120 131.142 129.561 128.237 124.342 77.929 74.222 73.142 70.065 67.328

97
PHAN PHOI FISHER
( ) P X f (n, m)

= khi X F(n, m)
Hang 1 : Gia tr cua o t do (t so) n.
Cot 1 : Gia tr o t do (mau so) m.
Noi dung bang : Gia tr f (n, m)

.
f n m ( , )

Bang 1 : 0.05 =
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 24 30 40 60 120
1 161 200 216 225 230 234 237 239 241 242 244 246 248 249 250 251 252 253 254
2 18.51 19 19.16 19.25 19.3 19.33 19.35 19.37 19.38 19.4 19.41 19.43 19.45 19.45 19.46 19.47 19.48 19.49 19.5
3 10.13 9.55 9.28 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.89 8.85 8.81 8.79 8.74 8.7 8.66 8.64 8.62 8.59 8.57 8.55 8.53
4 7.71 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.26 6.16 6.09 6.04 6 5.96 5.91 5.86 5.8 5.77 5.75 5.72 5.69 5.66 5.63
5 6.61 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.88 4.82 4.77 4.74 4.68 4.62 4.56 4.53 4.5 4.46 4.43 4.4 4.37
6 5.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.21 4.15 4.1 4.06 4 3.94 3.87 3.84 3.81 3.77 3.74 3.7 3.67
7 5.59 4.74 4.35 4.12 3.97 3.87 3.79 3.73 3.68 3.64 3.57 3.51 3.44 3.41 3.38 3.34 3.3 3.27 3.23
8 5.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.5 3.44 3.39 3.35 3.28 3.22 3.15 3.12 3.08 3.04 3.01 2.97 2.93
9 5.12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.29 3.23 3.18 3.14 3.07 3.01 2.94 2.9 2.86 2.83 2.79 2.75 2.71
10 4.96 4.1 3.71 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.14 3.07 3.02 2.98 2.91 2.85 2.77 2.74 2.7 2.66 2.62 2.58 2.54
11 4.84 3.98 3.59 3.36 3.2 3.09 3.01 2.95 2.9 2.85 2.79 2.72 2.65 2.61 2.57 2.53 2.49 2.45 2.4
12 4.75 3.89 3.49 3.26 3.11 3 2.91 2.85 2.8 2.75 2.69 2.62 2.54 2.51 2.47 2.43 2.38 2.34 2.3
13 4.67 3.81 3.41 3.18 3.03 2.92 2.83 2.77 2.71 2.67 2.6 2.53 2.46 2.42 2.38 2.34 2.3 2.25 2.21
14 4.6 3.74 3.34 3.11 2.96 2.85 2.76 2.7 2.65 2.6 2.53 2.46 2.39 2.35 2.31 2.27 2.22 2.18 2.13
15 4.54 3.68 3.29 3.06 2.9 2.79 2.71 2.64 2.59 2.54 2.48 2.4 2.33 2.29 2.25 2.2 2.16 2.11 2.07
16 4.49 3.63 3.24 3.01 2.85 2.74 2.66 2.59 2.54 2.49 2.42 2.35 2.28 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.11 2.06 2.01
17 4.45 3.59 3.2 2.96 2.81 2.7 2.61 2.55 2.49 2.45 2.38 2.31 2.23 2.19 2.15 2.1 2.06 2.01 1.96
18 4.41 3.55 3.16 2.93 2.77 2.66 2.58 2.51 2.46 2.41 2.34 2.27 2.19 2.15 2.11 2.06 2.02 1.97 1.92
19 4.38 3.52 3.13 2.9 2.74 2.63 2.54 2.48 2.42 2.38 2.31 2.23 2.16 2.11 2.07 2.03 1.98 1.93 1.88
20 4.35 3.49 3.1 2.87 2.71 2.6 2.51 2.45 2.39 2.35 2.28 2.2 2.12 2.08 2.04 1.99 1.95 1.9 1.84
21 4.32 3.47 3.07 2.84 2.68 2.57 2.49 2.42 2.37 2.32 2.25 2.18 2.1 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.87 1.81
22 4.3 3.44 3.05 2.82 2.66 2.55 2.46 2.4 2.34 2.3 2.23 2.15 2.07 2.03 1.98 1.94 1.89 1.84 1.78
23 4.28 3.42 3.03 2.8 2.64 2.53 2.44 2.37 2.32 2.27 2.2 2.13 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.76
24 4.26 3.4 3.01 2.78 2.62 2.51 2.42 2.36 2.3 2.25 2.18 2.11 2.03 1.98 1.94 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.73
25 4.24 3.39 2.99 2.76 2.6 2.49 2.4 2.34 2.28 2.24 2.16 2.09 2.01 1.96 1.92 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.71
30 4.17 3.32 2.92 2.69 2.53 2.42 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.16 2.09 2.01 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.68 1.62
40 4.08 3.23 2.84 2.61 2.45 2.34 2.25 2.18 2.12 2.08 2 1.92 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.64 1.58 1.51
60 4 3.15 2.76 2.53 2.37 2.25 2.17 2.1 2.04 1.99 1.92 1.84 1.75 1.7 1.65 1.59 1.53 1.47 1.39
120 3.92 3.07 2.68 2.45 2.29 2.18 2.09 2.02 1.96 1.91 1.83 1.75 1.66 1.61 1.55 1.5 1.43 1.35 1.25
3.84 3 2.6 2.37 2.21 2.1 2.01 1.94 1.88 1.83 1.75 1.67 1.57 1.52 1.46 1.39 1.32 1.22 1



98

PHAN PHOI FISHER
( ) P X f (n, m)

= khi X F(n, m)
Hang 1 : Gia tr cua o t do (t so) n.
Cot 1 : Gia tr o t do (mau so) m.
Noi dung bang : Gia tr f (n, m)

.
f n m ( , )

Bang 2 : 0.01 =
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 24 30 40 60 120
1 4052 4999 5404 5624 5764 5859 5928 5981 6022 6056 6107 6157 6209 6234 6260 6286 6313 6340 6366
2 98.50 99.00 99.16 99.25 99.30 99.33 99.36 99.38 99.39 99.40 99.42 99.43 99.45 99.46 99.47 99.48 99.48 99.49 99.5
3 34.12 30.82 29.46 28.71 28.24 27.91 27.67 27.49 27.34 27.23 27.05 26.87 26.69 26.60 26.50 26.41 26.32 26.22 26.1
4 21.20 18.00 16.69 15.98 15.52 15.21 14.98 14.80 14.66 14.55 14.37 14.20 14.02 13.93 13.84 13.75 13.65 13.56 13.5
5 16.26 13.27 12.06 11.39 10.97 10.67 10.46 10.29 10.16 10.05 9.89 9.72 9.55 9.47 9.38 9.29 9.20 9.11 9.02
6 13.75 10.92 9.78 9.15 8.75 8.47 8.26 8.10 7.98 7.87 7.72 7.56 7.40 7.31 7.23 7.14 7.06 6.97 6.88
7 12.25 9.55 8.45 7.85 7.46 7.19 6.99 6.84 6.72 6.62 6.47 6.31 6.16 6.07 5.99 5.91 5.82 5.74 5.65
8 11.26 8.65 7.59 7.01 6.63 6.37 6.18 6.03 5.91 5.81 5.67 5.52 5.36 5.28 5.20 5.12 5.03 4.95 4.86
9 10.56 8.02 6.99 6.42 6.06 5.80 5.61 5.47 5.35 5.26 5.11 4.96 4.81 4.73 4.65 4.57 4.48 4.40 4.31
10 10.04 7.56 6.55 5.99 5.64 5.39 5.20 5.06 4.94 4.85 4.71 4.56 4.41 4.33 4.25 4.17 4.08 4.00 3.91
11 9.65 7.21 6.22 5.67 5.32 5.07 4.89 4.74 4.63 4.54 4.40 4.25 4.10 4.02 3.94 3.86 3.78 3.69 3.6
12 9.33 6.93 5.95 5.41 5.06 4.82 4.64 4.50 4.39 4.30 4.16 4.01 3.86 3.78 3.70 3.62 3.54 3.45 3.36
13 9.07 6.70 5.74 5.21 4.86 4.62 4.44 4.30 4.19 4.10 3.96 3.82 3.66 3.59 3.51 3.43 3.34 3.25 3.17
14 8.86 6.51 5.56 5.04 4.69 4.46 4.28 4.14 4.03 3.94 3.80 3.66 3.51 3.43 3.35 3.27 3.18 3.09 3
15 8.68 6.36 5.42 4.89 4.56 4.32 4.14 4.00 3.89 3.80 3.67 3.52 3.37 3.29 3.21 3.13 3.05 2.96 2.87
16 8.53 6.23 5.29 4.77 4.44 4.20 4.03 3.89 3.78 3.69 3.55 3.41 3.26 3.18 3.10 3.02 2.93 2.84 2.75
17 8.40 6.11 5.19 4.67 4.34 4.10 3.93 3.79 3.68 3.59 3.46 3.31 3.16 3.08 3.00 2.92 2.83 2.75 2.65
18 8.29 6.01 5.09 4.58 4.25 4.01 3.84 3.71 3.60 3.51 3.37 3.23 3.08 3.00 2.92 2.84 2.75 2.66 2.57
19 8.18 5.93 5.01 4.50 4.17 3.94 3.77 3.63 3.52 3.43 3.30 3.15 3.00 2.92 2.84 2.76 2.67 2.58 2.49
20 8.10 5.85 4.94 4.43 4.10 3.87 3.70 3.56 3.46 3.37 3.23 3.09 2.94 2.86 2.78 2.69 2.61 2.52 2.42
21 8.02 5.78 4.87 4.37 4.04 3.81 3.64 3.51 3.40 3.31 3.17 3.03 2.88 2.80 2.72 2.64 2.55 2.46 2.36
22 7.95 5.72 4.82 4.31 3.99 3.76 3.59 3.45 3.35 3.26 3.12 2.98 2.83 2.75 2.67 2.58 2.50 2.40 2.31
23 7.88 5.66 4.76 4.26 3.94 3.71 3.54 3.41 3.30 3.21 3.07 2.93 2.78 2.70 2.62 2.54 2.45 2.35 2.26
24 7.82 5.61 4.72 4.22 3.90 3.67 3.50 3.36 3.26 3.17 3.03 2.89 2.74 2.66 2.58 2.49 2.40 2.31 2.21
25 7.77 5.57 4.68 4.18 3.85 3.63 3.46 3.32 3.22 3.13 2.99 2.85 2.70 2.62 2.54 2.45 2.36 2.27 2.17
30 7.56 5.39 4.51 4.02 3.70 3.47 3.30 3.17 3.07 2.98 2.84 2.70 2.55 2.47 2.39 2.30 2.21 2.11 2.01
40 7.31 5.18 4.31 3.83 3.51 3.29 3.12 2.99 2.89 2.80 2.66 2.52 2.37 2.29 2.20 2.11 2.02 1.92 1.8
60 7.08 4.98 4.13 3.65 3.34 3.12 2.95 2.82 2.72 2.63 2.50 2.35 2.20 2.12 2.03 1.94 1.84 1.73 1.6
120 6.85 4.79 3.95 3.48 3.17 2.96 2.79 2.66 2.56 2.47 2.34 2.19 2.03 1.95 1.86 1.76 1.66 1.53 1.38
6.63 4.61 3.78 3.32 3.02 2.80 2.64 2.51 2.41 2.32 2.18 2.04 1.88 1.79 1.70 1.59 1.47 1.32 1.00