Cu 18: t chy hon ton 4.

872 gam mt Hirocacbon X, dn sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch nc

vi trong. Sau phn ng thu c 27.93 gam kt ta v thy khi lng dung dch gim 5.586 gam. Cng thc
phn t ca X l
A. CH4
B. C3H6
C. C4H10
D. C4H8
p n C
Hng dn gii:
+V khng ni nc vi trong d nn khi dn sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong,
kt thc phn ng s sinh 2 mui
+Ta c: mCO2 + mH2O =27.93 5.586=22.344 gam
Hay 44nC + 9H = 22.344 (1)
+ Theo : 12nC + nH = 4.872 (2)
+T (1) v (2) nC:nH=4:10 C4H10
Cu 26: Cho 2.46 gam hn hp gm HCOOH, CH3COOH, C6H5OH, H2NCH2COOH tc dng va vi 40 ml dung dch
NaOH 1M. Tng khi lng mui khan thu c sau khi phn ng l
A. 3.52 gam
B. 6.45 gam
C. 8.42 gam
D. 3.34 gam
p n D
Hng dn gii:
+p dng phng php tng gim khi lng :
mmui=2.46 + 22* 0.04 =3.34 gam
Cu 27: Dy cc cht u lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm l
A. Etilen, axetilen, anehit fomic, toluen B. Axeton, etilen, anehit axetic, cumen
C. Benzen, but-1-en, axit fomic, p-xilen D. Xiclobutan, but-1-in, m-xilen, axit axetic
p n A
Hng dn gii:
Axeton, Benzen, Xiclobutan khng lm mt mu dung dch thuc tm d nhit cao
Cu 28: t chy 1.6 gam mt este E n chc c 3.52 gam CO2 v 1.152 gam H2O. Nu cho 10 gam E tc
dng vi 150ml dung dch NaOH 1M , c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 16 gam cht rn khan . Vy cng
thc ca axit to nn este trn c th l
A. CH2=CH-COOH
B. CH2=C(CH3)-COOH
C. HOOC(CH2)3CH2OH
D. HOOC-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3
p n C
Hng dn gii:
*Phng php kinh nghim
nCO2=0.08 mol , nH2O=0.064 mol
nC/nH=5:8 E: C5H8O2
D thy : 10 + 0.15*40 = 16 E l este vng p n C l ph hp
Cu 29: Cht bo A c ch s axit l 7. x phng ho 10 kg A, ngi ta un nng n vi dung dch cha 1.420
kg NaOH. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton trung ho hn hp, cn dng 500ml dung dch HCl 1M. Khi
lng x phng (kg) thu c l
A. 10.3425
B. 10.3435
C. 10.3445
D. 10.3455
p n A
Hng dn gii:
S mg KOH cn trung ho 10 kg cht bo A l: 10000*7=70000 mg=0.07 kg
Suy ra NaOH cn trung ho cht bo A l: 0.07/56=0.00125 kmol
NaOH cn dng phn ng vi 10 kg A l: 1.420/40-0.5/1000=0.035 kmol
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c
mA + mNaOH(phn ng vi A) =mx phng + mglyxerol + mH2O
mx phng =10 + 0.035*40 - 0.00125*18 - 92*1/3*(0.035-0.00125)=10.3425 gam
Cu 32: Cho cc cht: amoniac (1); anilin (2); p-nitroanilin(3); p-metylanilin (4) ; metylamin (5) ; imetylamin (6) .
Hy chn s sp xp cc cht trn theo th t lc baz tng dn .
A . (3) < (2) < (4) < (1) < (5) < (6)
B . (2) > (3) > (4) > (1) > (5) > (6)
C . (2) < (3) < (4) < (1) < (5) < (6)
D . (3) < (1) < (4) <(2) < (5) < (6)
p n A
Hng dn gii:
Mt electron cng cao th tnh baz cng mnh
Cu 33: Thy phn 34.2 gam mantz vi hiu sut 50%. Sau tin hnh phn ng trng bc vi dung dch thu
c. Khi lng Ag kt ta l
A. 43.2 gam
B. 32.4 gam
C. 21.6 gam
D. 10.8 gam
p n B
Hng dn gii
Lu
+1mol Mantoz tin hnh phn ng trng bc sinh 2 mol Ag

Trang 1

+1mol Mantoz thu phn hon ton sau ly dung dch thu c tin hnh phn
ng trng bc sinh 4 mol Ag
nmantz=0.1 mol
+Suy ra : mAg=108*(0.1*0.5*2 + 0.1*0.5*4)=32.4 gam
Cu 35: Cho cc cht sau : axetilen, axit fomic, fomanehit, phenyl fomat, glucz, anehit axetic, metyl axetat,
mantz, natri fomat, axeton. S cht c th tham gia phn ng trng gng l
A. 8
B. 7
C. 5
D. 6
p n B
Hng dn gii
Axetilen, metyl axetat, axeton khng tham gia phn ng trng gng
Cu 36: nhn bit ba l mt nhn: phenol, stiren, ancol benzylic, ngi ta dng mt thuc th duy nht l
A. Nc brom
B. Dung dch NaOH
C. Na
D. Ca(OH)2
p n A
Hng dn gii
+ Phenol + brom kt ta trng
+ Stiren + brom mt mu dung dch brom
+ Ancol benzylic + brom khng c hin tng
Cu 37: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v C2H4 c t khi so vi He l 3.75. Dn X qua Ni nung nng, thu c hn hp kh Y c t khi
so vi He l 5. Hiu sut ca phn ng hiro ho l
A. 40%
B. 50%
C. 25%
D. 20%
p n B
Hng dn gii
*Phng php thng thng (phng php ng cho+phng php 3 dng)
+Theo dX/He=3.75 nn:

nH 2
nC 2 H 4

4 * 3.75 28
= 1 nH 2 = nC 2 H 4 = x(mol )
4 * 3.75 2

H2
+
Ban u: x
Phn ng: x*H%
Cn li : x*(1-H%)
+ Mt khc: dY/He=5 nn:

C2H4
x
x*H%
x*(1-H%)

C2H6
x*H%
x*H%

x * (1 - H%) * 2 + x * (1 - H%) * 28 + x * H% * 30
= 5 * 4 H % = 50%
x * (2 - H%)

*Phng php kinh nghim (phng php BTKL+t chn lng cht)
+LBTKL: nX*4*3.75=nY*4*5 3nX=4nY Chn nX=4 mol v nY=3 mol
+S mol kh gim chnh l s mol H2 phn ng nH2 phn ng =1 mol
+S dng ng cho: nH2 ban u=nC2H4 ban u=2 mol

H%=

1
=50%
2

Cu 38: Dy gm cc cht c th iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra axit axetic l:

A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H5COOCH3.
B. C2H4(OH)2, CH3OH, CH3CHO.
C. CH3CHO, C6H12O6 (glucoz), CH3OH.
D. CH3OH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO.
p n D
Hng dn gii
xt ,t
+CH3OH + CO
CH3COOH

mengim

CH3COOH + H2O
xt ,t
+2CH3CHO +O2
2CH3COOH
+C2H5OH + O2

Cu 39: Cho dy cc cht: CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H5OH, CH2=CH-COOH, C6H5NH2(anilin), C6H5OH (phenol), C6H6(benzen),
CH3CHO. S cht trong dy phn ng c vi nc brom l
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
p n B
Hng dn gii
CH4, C2H5OH , C6H6(benzen) khng phn ng c vi nc brom
Cu 40: Ru X, anehit Y, axit cacboxylic Z c cng s nguyn t H trong phn t, thuc cc dy ng ng no n chc
mch h. t hon ton hn hp 3 cht ny (c s mol bng nhau) thu c t l mol CO2:H2O=11:12 . Vy cng thc phn t
ca X, Y, Z l:
A. CH4O, C2H4O, C2H4O2
B. C2H6O, C3H6O, C3H6O2
C. C3H8O, C4H8O, C4H8O2
D. C4H10O, C5H10O,
C5H10O2
p n C
Hng dn gii

Trang 2

*Phng php kinh nghim (phng php t chn lng cht)

CO2:H2O=11:12 chn nCO2=11 mol v nH2O= 12 mol
Suy ra nX=12-11=1 mol
V 3 cht c s mol bng nhau nn s nguyn t H trong mi cht l H=

12 * 2
=8
3 *1

Cu 42: Cho 13.8 gam axit A tc dng vi 16.8 gam KOH , c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 26.46 gam cht rn. cng
thc cu to thu gn ca A l
A. C3H6COOH
B. C2H5COOH
C. CH3COOH
D. HCOOH
p n C
Hng dn gii
*Phng php kinh nghim (phng php bo ton khi lng)

26.46
= 88.2 (l) nn KOH d
0.3
+mH2O= 13.8 + 16.8 26.46=4.14 gam nA=nH2O=4.14/18=0.23 mol
+nKOH=0.3 mol v

Suy ra MA=13.8/0.23=60
Cu 47: Cho 0.1 mol cht X ( CH6O3N2) tc dng vi dung dch cha 0.2 mol NaOH un nng thu c cht kh lm xanh giy
qu tm m v dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y thu c m gam rn khan. Gi tr ca m l
A. 8.5
B. 12.5
C. 15
D. 21.8
p n B
Hng dn gii
+T gi thit suy ra cng thc cu to ca X l: CH3NH3NO3
+Rn gm : NaOH d(0.1 mol) v NaNO3 ( 0.1 mol)
m=0.1* 40 + 0.1 *85 =12.5 gam
Cu 49: Thy phn hon ton mt lng mantoz, sau cho ton b lng glucoz thu c ln men thnh ancol etylic th
thu c 100 ml ancol 460. Khi lng ring ca ancol l 0,8gam/ml. Hp th ton b kh CO2 vo dung dch NaOH d thu
c mui c khi lng l
A. 106 gam
B. 84.8 gam
C. 212 gam
D.169.6 gam
p n B
Hng dn gii
+S mol CO2: nCO2=nEtylic=46*0.8/46=0.8 mol mmui=mNa2CO3=106*0.8=84.8 gam
Cu 50: Hirat ho 3.36 lt C2H2 ( iu kin chun) thu c hn hp A ( hiu sut phn ng 60%) . Cho hn hp sn phm A
tc dng vi dung dch Ag2O/NH3 d thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l
A. 19.44
B. 33.84
C. 14.4
D. 48.24
p n B
Hng dn gii
nC2H2=0.15 mol
+Hn hp A gm 0.09 mol CH3CHO v 0.06 mol C2H2 d
+Rn gm Ag v C2Ag2
m=108* 2*0.09 + 240* 0.06=33.84 gam
Cu 53: Cho 0.1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d
dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng thu c 32.4 gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l
A. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO.
B. CH3CHO v C3H5CHO.
C. HCHO v CH3CHO.
D. HCHO v C2H5CHO.
p n C
Hng dn gii
nAg=0.3
+V nAg/nX=3 v X gm hai anehit no, n chc nn X phi cha HCHO mt khc l hai anehit k tip nhau trong dy
ng ng nn ch c p n C l ph hp
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