CHAPTER-III GENERAL This chapter serves the basis for our design project.

It is primarily formatted for our understanding of the various facets of and the requirements of seismic activities on the tall building structures. Initially we have proposed a four story office building in Chennai and analyzed for seismic activities. The design is carried out in accordance with IS code 1893-2002.

3.1 DESCRIPTION The four storey building is proposed to be located in Chennai which comes under (Region-III) .the data details are furnished below

The total width of the building The total height of the building Storey height Zone factor (region III) Reduction factor Soil type Location Type of building

54m 17m 4m 0.16 5.0 stiff clay Anna Nagar standard office building

3.2 PLAN AND ELEVATIONAL VIEW Fig.3.1 illustrates the proposed buildings plan view which contains a panel each of 9m x 9m size and overall plan size is 54m x 54m.

Fig.3.2 shows the sectional elevation containing four floors with each storey height 4m and a total height of 17 including 1m parapet wall.

Fig. 3.1

Fig. 3.2

3.3 Earthquake Load Calculation (base shear method)

The 4-story standard office building is proposed to be located in Chennai Anna Nagar situated on stiff soil. The structure of the building is steel special moment frame. In accordance with IS 1893200, for this type of soil and location (Region III) we have adopted the stimulated codal provision as below. All moment-resisting frames are located at the perimeter of the building. 3.3.1 The formula adopted for natural period of vibration Ta = 0.085 h0.75 The spectral acceleration Sa/g = 2.00 Ah = Z I Sa / 2 R g Z = 0.16

Design horizontal seismic co-efficient

Zone factor

Response reduction factor

R = 5.0

Importance factor

I = 1.0

3.4 Design loads under seismic analysis

For the above situation, the design and the analysis are carried out as follows

3.4.1 Mass calculations Building envelope Floor slap envelope (for DL calculation) Floor slab envelope (for LL calculation) Parapet wall height = 56m x 38m = 55m x 37m = 54m x 36m = 1m

3.4.2 Part A 1. Dead Load Floor Slab (including steel deck) Ceiling / Flooring Mechanical/ Electrical Partitions Steel Framing (assumption) Roofing Penthouse (additional to roof load) For typical floor (floor weight calculations) = 2541 N/m2 = 148 N/m2 = 344 N/m2 = 481 N/m2 = 628 N/m2 = 344 N/m2 = 1923 N/m2 = 2541+148+344+481+628 = 4142 N/m2 For roof (excluding penthouse) = 2541+148+344+344+481 = 3858 N/m2 For penthouse =2541+148+344+1923+628 = 5584 N/m2 2. Dead load due to Exterior Wall Unit weight: Perimeter: = 1198 N/m2 = 2*(56+38) = 188m

Weight of the exterior wall between two stories is divided into two. Half goes to upper Storey and half goes to lower story. Roof = 1198*(4/2)*188 = 450448 N Floor 3 =1198*(4/2+4/2)*188 =900896N Floor 2 =1198*(4/2+4/2)*188 =900896N Floor 1 =1198*(4/2+4/2)*188 =900896N Penthouse exterior wall =1198*3.5*2(19+10) = 243194N

3. Dead load due to Parapet on Roof Total load = 1198*(1)*188 = 225224 N Floor Seismic Dead Weights Roof = (3858*55*37) + (5584*19*10) + 225224+450448+243194 = 9831 kN

Floor 3 = (3858*55*37) + 900896 = 8752 kN Floor 2 = (3858*55*37) + 900896 = 8752 kN Floor 1 = (3858*55*37) + 900896 = 8752 kN 3.4.3 Part B: Seismic force analysis (IS 1893: 2002) Two steel frames on the perimeter are moment-resistance frame. So the weights on each floor will be divided into two to calculate the lateral forces on each moment-resisting frame. Seismic mass of each moment-resisting frame: Roof = 9831/2/9.81 =501 kN-sec2/m Floor 3= 8752/2/9.81 =446 kN-sec2/m Floor 2= 8752/2/9.81 =446 kN-sec2/m Floor 1= 8752/2/9.81 =446 kN-sec2/m

3.4.4Mass of each storey of one moment resisting frame 2 -3(kN-sec2/m) 1338 Roof (KN-sec2/m) 501 Total (KN-sec2/m) 1839

Story Mass

3.5 Maximum seismic response co-efficient From IS 1893:2002 clause 7.6.1 Fundamental natural period, Ta = 0.085 h0.75 = 0.085*160.75 =0.68 sec From IS 1893:2002 fig. 2 Sa/g is Sa/g Design horizontal seismic co-efficient, =2.0

Ah= Z I S / 2 R g
From IS 1893:2002 Table 2 Zone factor, Z = 0.16

From IS 1893:2002 Table 6 Importance factor, I =1.0

From IS 1893:2002 Table 7 Response reduction factor, R= 5.0

Therefore horizontal seismic co-efficient,

Ah = (0.16*1.0*2.0)/(2*5.0) = 0.032 Total base shear

VB = Ah W
= 0.032*1839 = 58.85 KN

3.6 BASE SHEAR DISTRIBUTION

LEVEL

STORY HEIGHT

HEIGHT WEIGHT (KN)

WIHIK

QI

FORCE (KN)

STORY SHEAR (KN)

16

501

128256

0.56

40

12

446

64224

0.28

20

40

08

446

28544

0.13

10

60

04

446

7136

0.03

03

70

00

00

00

73

TOTAL

16

1839

228160

1.0

73

73

3.7RECAP The design of the above exploratory study takes us to understand in the design rudiments of seismic activities on tall structures. The end design results have demonstrated a satisfactory trend in seismic load calculation strictly as per IS 1893 - 2002.

The next chapter describes a detailed design study for a 25 storey tall building structure.